TWI466747B - Production method of dyed white titanium contained metal - Google Patents
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本發明是關於一種染白含鈦金屬的製造方法，特別是關於藉由放電加工法來製造染白含鈦金屬的方法。 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method of producing a white titanium-containing metal, and more particularly to a method for producing a white-containing titanium-containing metal by an electrical discharge machining method.
鈦及鈦合金被廣泛應用於飛機、火箭、導彈、人造衛星、太空梭、船艦、軍事工業、醫療以及石油化學工業等領域。純鈦具有熔點高(約1670℃，鐵約為1538℃)、硬度大(莫氏硬度約6，不鏽鋼莫氏硬度約為5.5)、耐腐蝕等優點，在室溫時鈦金屬不與氯氣、稀硫酸、稀鹽酸及硝酸作用。此外鈦金屬擁有無毒性與優良生物適合性(biocompatibility)，在人體體溫條件下與體液、藥品接觸後不會發生溶化或電離，也不與人體的肌肉骨骼發生排斥現象，廣泛應用於人體植入物，如假牙和人工關節等。 Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in aircraft, rockets, missiles, satellites, space shuttles, ships, military industry, medical, and petrochemical industries. Pure titanium has the advantages of high melting point (about 1670 ° C, iron about 1538 ° C), high hardness (about 20 Mohs hardness, Mohs hardness of stainless steel is about 5.5), corrosion resistance, etc. Titanium is not compatible with chlorine at room temperature. Dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. In addition, titanium has non-toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. It does not melt or ionize after contact with body fluids and drugs under human body temperature conditions, and does not interfere with human musculoskeletal. It is widely used in human implants. Things such as dentures and artificial joints.
雖然鈦金屬有諸多優點，但卻也因其機械性質和物理性質使得鈦金屬在日常生活中的應用不如鋼鐵材料來的廣泛。鈦金屬強度高、硬度大，所以加工設備功率要大，模具、刀具要有較高的強度和硬度。 Although titanium has many advantages, its mechanical properties and physical properties make titanium metal not as widely used in everyday life as steel materials. Titanium has high strength and hardness, so the processing equipment should have high power, and the mold and tool should have high strength and hardness.
非傳統加工中的放電加工(electro discharge machining，EDM)為非接觸式加工(non contact machining)，乃是藉由電極與工件間所形成的高溫火花來熔融去除工件材料的加工方法。此法不會在電極或工件上產生機械應力，只要工件具有導電性即可進行加 工，與工件的硬度或強度無關，因此選擇以放電加工法來加工鈦金屬，不僅克服了傳統切削加工所可能遭遇到的困難，甚至可以進行微結構的加工。 Electro discharge machining (EDM) in non-traditional processing is a non-contact machining process in which a workpiece is melted and removed by a high-temperature spark formed between an electrode and a workpiece. This method does not create mechanical stress on the electrode or workpiece, as long as the workpiece is electrically conductive The work is independent of the hardness or strength of the workpiece. Therefore, the choice of machining aluminum alloy by electric discharge machining method not only overcomes the difficulties that may be encountered in conventional cutting processing, but also can perform microstructure processing.
在2005年林冠甫所發表的文章中，當放電加工時以純鈦生胚與不鏽鋼作為電極，加工液採用去離子水，並以不同放電加工的條件對純鈦生胚進行放電加工的處理。放電加工的條件包含放電電流、放電脈衝時間及工作因子。文章中探討放電加工後純鈦生胚的披覆層厚度、表面粗糙度、表面硬度、表面狀態及顏色顯現等性質。由實驗結果可知，只有當純鈦生胚接陽極時，披覆層才會有顏色顯現，而當純鈦生胚接陰極則無。 In the article published by Lin Guanxi in 2005, when the electric discharge machining, pure titanium raw embryo and stainless steel were used as the electrodes, the processing liquid was treated with deionized water, and the pure titanium green embryo was subjected to electric discharge processing under different conditions of electric discharge machining. The conditions of the electrical discharge machining include the discharge current, the discharge pulse time, and the working factor. In this paper, the properties of coating thickness, surface roughness, surface hardness, surface state and color appearance of pure titanium green embryo after electrical discharge machining are discussed. It can be seen from the experimental results that only when the pure titanium raw embryo is connected to the anode, the coating layer will have a color appearance, and when the pure titanium raw embryo is connected to the cathode, it is not.
在2006年洪國維所發表的文章中，放電加工時以鈦合金Ti-6V-4Al接陽極作為工件，黃銅接陰極作為電極，加工液採用去離子水，並添加不同種類的水溶性化合物對鈦合金進行放電加工，文章中探討在放電加工中同時進行表面發色處理的可行性。由實驗結果可知，在放電加工進行時，不僅產生高溫的放電火花將工件熔融去除外，還會伴隨著電解反應的發生，使得加工液解離而析出氧分子，與工件表面的鈦分子產生反應形成氧化鈦。此氧化層會造成光的相互干涉而發色，增加美觀之附加價值，且該氧化層隨著放電電流、放電脈衝時間、及工作因子的調變而有不同顏色的變化。 In the article published by Hong Guowei in 2006, the titanium alloy Ti-6V-4Al is connected to the anode as the workpiece, the brass is connected to the cathode as the electrode, the processing liquid is deionized water, and different kinds of water-soluble compounds are added to the titanium. The alloy is subjected to electrical discharge machining. The article discusses the feasibility of simultaneous surface color development in electrical discharge machining. It can be seen from the experimental results that when the electric discharge machining is performed, not only a high-temperature discharge spark is generated to melt the workpiece, but also an electrolytic reaction occurs, so that the working fluid dissociates to precipitate oxygen molecules, and reacts with titanium molecules on the surface of the workpiece. Titanium oxide. The oxide layer causes light to interfere with each other to develop color, which increases the added value of aesthetics, and the oxide layer has different color changes depending on the discharge current, the discharge pulse time, and the modulation factor of the working factor.
在2009年宋沛倫所發表的文章中，放電加工以純鈦接陽極作為工件，黃銅接陰極作為電極，加工液採用自來水，並以不同放電加工的條件對純鈦進行放電加工 的處理。放電加工的條件包含加工時間、開路電壓、放電電流、放電脈衝時間、放電休止時間、放電發數及放電間隙。文章中探討放電加工主要參數對氧化鈦放電反應膜之影響。由實驗結果可知，隨著設定的開路電壓升高，形成的氧化鈦反應層厚度依序增厚；氧化鈦反應層之顏色會隨開路電壓從10到240V依序呈現土黃色(10V)、紫色(20V)、靛色(30V)、黃色(70V)、桃紅色(100V)、藍色(130V)、黃綠色(180V)、粉紅色(240V)，其餘開路電壓則為前後兩色的過渡色彩。放電脈衝時間與放電休止時間的增加均會造成氧化鈦反應層的色彩不均勻。放電電流對氧化鈦反應層的色彩沒有影響，但放電電流大於2A後會造成材料產生移除性加工，留下凹坑。放電間隙會影響氧化鈦反應層擴散範圍的大小。氧化鈦反應層結構經分析為一氧化二鈦。反應層厚度在200nm內，折射率隨著光的波長增加而降低，並且隨著反應膜厚度增厚，折射率變化曲線則會整體向上提昇。而膜厚超過200nm之後，折射率隨著光波長增加的變化趨勢較為平緩。 In the article published by Song Peiren in 2009, the electric discharge machining uses pure titanium as the anode, brass as the cathode, the working fluid is tap water, and the pure titanium is discharged under different electrical discharge conditions. Processing. The conditions of the electrical discharge machining include processing time, open circuit voltage, discharge current, discharge pulse time, discharge rest time, number of discharges, and discharge gap. The article discusses the influence of the main parameters of electrical discharge machining on the discharge reaction film of titanium oxide. It can be seen from the experimental results that as the set open circuit voltage increases, the thickness of the formed titanium oxide reaction layer increases sequentially; the color of the titanium oxide reaction layer will gradually appear khaki (10V), purple with the open circuit voltage from 10 to 240V. (20V), 靛色(30V), yellow (70V), pink (100V), blue (130V), yellow-green (180V), pink (240V), and the remaining open circuit voltages are the transition colors of the front and back colors . Both the discharge pulse time and the increase in the discharge rest time result in uneven color of the titanium oxide reaction layer. The discharge current has no effect on the color of the titanium oxide reaction layer, but the discharge current is greater than 2A, which causes the material to undergo a removable process, leaving pits. The discharge gap affects the extent of diffusion of the titanium oxide reaction layer. The structure of the titanium oxide reaction layer was analyzed to be nitrous oxide. When the thickness of the reaction layer is within 200 nm, the refractive index decreases as the wavelength of the light increases, and as the thickness of the reaction film increases, the refractive index change curve as a whole rises upward. When the film thickness exceeds 200 nm, the refractive index changes more gently with increasing wavelength of light.
然而，上述所提的純鈦經由放電加工後皆無法生成白色的披覆層。 However, the above-mentioned pure titanium cannot form a white coating layer after electrical discharge machining.
本案提供一種染白含鈦金屬的方法。該方法包含下列步驟：(a)提供一含鈦金屬。(b)在該含鈦金屬的表面進行一放電加工，以將該含鈦金屬染白為該染白含鈦金屬，其中該放電加工的製程條件包括一電壓的大小、施 加該電壓的一導通期間、該放電加工的一加工期間、及施加該電壓的一佔空比。 This case provides a method of dyeing white titanium-containing metals. The method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a titanium-containing metal. (b) performing an electrical discharge process on the surface of the titanium-containing metal to dye the titanium-containing metal to the white-containing titanium-containing metal, wherein the process conditions of the electrical discharge machining include a voltage magnitude, a A conduction period of the voltage, a processing period of the electrical discharge machining, and a duty ratio at which the voltage is applied.
依據上述構想，一種製造一染白含鈦金屬的方法，該方法包含下列步驟：(a)提供一含鈦金屬。(b)在該含鈦金屬的表面進行一放電加工，以獲得該染白含鈦金屬。 In accordance with the above concept, a method of making a white titanium-containing metal, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a titanium-containing metal. (b) performing an electric discharge process on the surface of the titanium-containing metal to obtain the white-doped titanium-containing metal.
依據上述構想，一種含鈦金屬被提出，該含鈦金屬包含：一含鈦金屬本體及一表面層。該表面層形成於該含鈦金屬本體上，其中該表面層係由二氧化鈦、氫化鈦及碳化鈦所組成。 According to the above concept, a titanium-containing metal is proposed, the titanium-containing metal comprising: a titanium-containing metal body and a surface layer. The surface layer is formed on the titanium-containing metal body, wherein the surface layer is composed of titanium dioxide, titanium hydride, and titanium carbide.
依據上述構想，一種含鈦金屬之加工設備被提出，該含鈦金屬之加工設備包含二石墨電極。 In accordance with the above concept, a titanium-containing metal processing apparatus is proposed, the titanium-containing metal processing apparatus comprising two graphite electrodes.
依據本案所提供染白含鈦金屬的方法，可達到美觀的效果，而且含鈦金屬表面的氧化層不僅能抵抗腐蝕的發生，還具有保護基材的效果，藉由不同的厚度變化便能使氧化層呈現出多種的不同顏色。 According to the method for dyeing white titanium-containing metal provided in the present invention, an aesthetic effect can be achieved, and the oxide layer containing the surface of the titanium metal can not only resist the occurrence of corrosion, but also has the effect of protecting the substrate, and can be made by different thickness variations. The oxide layer exhibits a variety of different colors.
使用放電加工生成含鈦金屬氧化層的費用較雷射加工低廉，加工區域較陽極處理彈性，也比直接塗覆染料更為安全，免除了有機溶劑之危害。 The cost of using the electrical discharge machining to form the titanium-containing metal oxide layer is lower than that of the laser processing, and the processing area is more elastic than the anode treatment, and is safer than the direct coating of the dye, thereby eliminating the danger of the organic solvent.
請參閱第一圖，其為本案所提放電加工的設備的示意圖。該放電加工設備10包含一石墨電極13及一石墨電極14。該放電加工設備10更包含一容器11、一水性加工液12、一含鈦金屬15、一電源16、一轉換單元18。該電源16、石墨電極13、石墨電極14、含鈦金屬15在放電加工時形成一迴路17而在石墨電極14與含鈦金屬 15之間放電。 Please refer to the first figure, which is a schematic diagram of the equipment for electrical discharge machining mentioned in the present application. The electric discharge machining apparatus 10 includes a graphite electrode 13 and a graphite electrode 14. The electric discharge machining apparatus 10 further includes a container 11, an aqueous working fluid 12, a titanium-containing metal 15, a power source 16, and a conversion unit 18. The power source 16, the graphite electrode 13, the graphite electrode 14, and the titanium-containing metal 15 form a loop 17 during electrical discharge machining and the graphite electrode 14 and the titanium-containing metal Discharge between 15
在該放電加工設備10開始運作之前，先將該含鈦金屬15置於作為陽極的該石墨電極13上，並將該含鈦金屬15浸於該水性加工液12之中，其中該含鈦金屬為純鈦或鈦合金，該水性加工液12為自來水、礦泉水或蒸餾水。 Before the electric discharge machining apparatus 10 starts operating, the titanium-containing metal 15 is placed on the graphite electrode 13 as an anode, and the titanium-containing metal 15 is immersed in the aqueous processing liquid 12, wherein the titanium-containing metal In the case of pure titanium or titanium alloy, the aqueous working fluid 12 is tap water, mineral water or distilled water.
然後啟動該電源16，該電源提供一直流電壓Vo至該轉換單元18，該轉換單元18可將該直流電壓Vo轉換成具有方波形式的電壓VTi。 Then start the power supply 16, the power supply provides a DC voltage Vo to the conversion unit 18, the converting unit 18 may convert the DC voltage Vo to the voltage V Ti in the form of a square wave.
接下來，控制該石墨電極14與該含鈦金屬15的表面之間的距離至可產生放電的距離，然後保持該石墨電極14與該含鈦金屬15的表面之間的距離直到放電加工結束。該電壓VTi可被設定成方波的波形，並且該方波的佔空比也可被調整，以利用該電壓VTi對該含鈦金屬15進行放電加工。 Next, the distance between the graphite electrode 14 and the surface of the titanium-containing metal 15 is controlled to a distance at which discharge can be generated, and then the distance between the graphite electrode 14 and the surface of the titanium-containing metal 15 is maintained until the end of the electric discharge machining. The voltage V Ti can be set to a square wave waveform, and the duty ratio of the square wave can also be adjusted to electrically discharge the titanium-containing metal 15 by the voltage V Ti .
請參閱第二圖，其為本案施加於含鈦金屬的電壓VTi和電流ITi的波形的示意圖。啟動該電源16後，該電壓Vo經由該轉換單元18轉換成該電壓VTi，該轉換單元18可調整所施加該電壓VTi的導通期間與斷路期間，該電壓VTi施加於石墨電極13與石墨電極14，較佳地該電壓Vo為120伏特或240伏特。然後控制該石墨電極14靠近該含鈦金屬15。此時該迴路17尚未導通，在導通之前會有一段延遲期間，在延遲期間過後，該迴路17導通而在該石墨電極14與該含鈦金屬15之間產生放電，並且在迴路17上產生電流ITi。此時仍保持該石墨 電極14與該含鈦金屬15的表面之間的距離。接著，進入斷路期間，該轉換單元18將該電壓VTi調為0伏特，在放電加工的加工期間中會重複放電以進行加工。 Please refer to the second figure, which is a schematic diagram of the waveform of the voltage V Ti and the current I Ti applied to the titanium-containing metal. After starting the power supply 16, the voltage Vo is converted via the conversion unit 18 to the voltage V Ti, the conversion unit 18 can adjust the conduction period of the voltage V Ti and during disconnection, the voltage V Ti is applied to the graphite electrode 13 is applied The graphite electrode 14, preferably the voltage Vo is 120 volts or 240 volts. The graphite electrode 14 is then controlled to be adjacent to the titanium-containing metal 15. At this time, the circuit 17 is not yet turned on, and there is a delay period before the conduction, after the delay period, the circuit 17 is turned on to generate a discharge between the graphite electrode 14 and the titanium-containing metal 15, and a current is generated in the circuit 17. I Ti . The distance between the graphite electrode 14 and the surface of the titanium-containing metal 15 is maintained at this time. Next, during the disconnection, the conversion unit 18 adjusts the voltage V Ti to 0 volts, and the discharge is repeated for processing during the processing of the electrical discharge machining.
本案在該含鈦金屬的表面進行一放電加工，以將該含鈦金屬染白為該染白含鈦金屬，但是放電加工除了設備上需用石墨為電極之外，還需要配合特定的製程條件。該放電加工的製程條件包括該電壓VTi的大小、施加該電壓VTi的一導通期間、該放電加工的一加工期間、及施加該電壓VTi的一佔空比。 In the present case, an electric discharge process is performed on the surface of the titanium-containing metal to dye the titanium-containing metal to the white-containing titanium-containing metal, but in addition to the need for graphite as an electrode on the device, a specific process condition is required. . The electrical discharge machining process conditions including the size of the voltage V Ti, a conducting period of the applied voltage V Ti, and a processing period of the electrical discharge machining, and a duty ratio of the voltage applied to the V Ti.
本案放電加工的製程條件的設定與產生的結果如表一所示。表一中共有18種組合，組合1~9的開路電壓固定在120伏特，組合10~18的開路電壓固定在240伏特，加工期間包含45秒、1分鐘、或2分鐘。佔空比為導通期間除以導通期間與斷路期間的總合。環寬度代表在含鈦金屬表面所生成的白色二氧化鈦的圓環的環寬度。藉由調配該電壓的大小、該導通期間、該加工期間、及該佔空比可控制該環寬度。 The process conditions of the discharge machining in this case are set and the results are shown in Table 1. There are 18 combinations in Table 1. The open circuit voltage of the combination 1~9 is fixed at 120 volts, the open circuit voltage of the combination 10~18 is fixed at 240 volts, and the processing period includes 45 seconds, 1 minute, or 2 minutes. The duty cycle is the conduction period divided by the sum of the on period and the off period. The ring width represents the ring width of the ring of white titanium dioxide formed on the surface of the titanium-containing metal. The loop width can be controlled by blending the magnitude of the voltage, the turn-on period, the processing period, and the duty cycle.
以組合1為例，當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為4微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為590微米。 Taking the combination 1 as an example, when the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 4 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 590 micrometers.
以組合5為例，當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為45秒時，該環寬度為390微米。 Taking the combination 5 as an example, when the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 45 seconds, the loop width is 390 micrometers.
以組合4為例，當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為99%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為210微米。 Taking the combination 4 as an example, when the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 99%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 210 micrometers.
以組合6為例，當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為20%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為535微米。 Taking the combination 6 as an example, when the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 20%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 535 micrometers.
以組合7為例，當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為1600微秒，該佔空比為99.75%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為310微米。 Taking the combination 7 as an example, when the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 1600 microseconds, the duty ratio is 99.75%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 310 micrometers.
以組合14為例，當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為1675微米。 Taking the combination 14 as an example, when the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 1675 micrometers.
以組合10為例，當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為4微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為45秒時，該環寬度為210微米。 Taking the combination 10 as an example, when the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 4 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 45 seconds, the loop width is 210 micrometers.
以組合12為例，當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為4微秒，該佔空比為0.2%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為1365微米。 Taking the combination 12 as an example, when the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 4 microseconds, the duty ratio is 0.2%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 1365 micrometers.
以組合15為例，當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為20%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為1590微米。 Taking the combination 15 as an example, when the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 20%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 1590 micrometers.
以組合16為例，當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為1600微秒，該佔空比為99.75%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為1150微米。 Taking the combination 16 as an example, when the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 1600 microseconds, the duty ratio is 99.75%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 1150 micrometers.
請參閱第三圖，其為本案製造一染白含鈦金屬的方法的流程圖。製造一染白含鈦金屬的方法包含下列步驟：步驟S301提供一含鈦金屬，其中該含鈦金屬係置於做為放電加工設備之陽極使用之第一石墨電極上。步驟S302在該含鈦金屬的表面進行一放電加工，以獲得該染白含鈦金屬，其中放電加工的製程條件係被設定，從而於該第一石墨電極及做為陰極使用之第二石墨電極 之間施加電壓以對該含鈦金屬進行放電加工，使該含鈦金屬表面之對應於該第二石墨電極之輪廓的周圍區域形成染白層，其中該染白層包含二氧化鈦；以下再舉例說明。 Please refer to the third figure, which is a flow chart of a method for producing a white titanium-containing metal in the present case. The method of producing a white titanium-containing metal comprises the following steps: Step S301 provides a titanium-containing metal, wherein the titanium-containing metal is placed on a first graphite electrode used as an anode of an electrical discharge machining apparatus. Step S302: performing an electrical discharge process on the surface of the titanium-containing metal to obtain the white-containing titanium-containing metal, wherein the process conditions of the electrical discharge machining are set, thereby using the first graphite electrode and the second graphite electrode used as the cathode Applying a voltage between the titanium-containing metal to form a white-stained layer on the surface of the titanium-containing metal corresponding to the contour of the second graphite electrode, wherein the white-stained layer comprises titanium dioxide; .
請參閱第四圖，其為本案的染白含鈦金屬25的示意圖。經過放電加工後，該染白含鈦金屬25包含一含鈦金屬本體251及一表面層252。該含鈦金屬25表面之對應於該第二石墨電極之輪廓的周圍區域係形成染白層。該表面層252形成於該含鈦金屬本體251上，其中該表面層252係由二氧化鈦2521、氫化鈦2523及碳化鈦2522所組成。該染白層包含二氧化鈦2521。該碳化鈦2522在圓中心呈現黑色，該二氧化鈦2521係在該含鈦金屬25表面之對應於該第二石墨電極之輪廓的周圍區域呈現白色以圓環狀包圍該碳化鈦2522，而該氫化鈦2523呈現藍色以圓環狀包圍該二氧化鈦2521，該氫化鈦2523的環寬度最小。 Please refer to the fourth figure, which is a schematic diagram of the white titanium-containing metal 25 of the present invention. After the electrical discharge machining, the white titanium-containing metal 25 comprises a titanium-containing metal body 251 and a surface layer 252. The surrounding area of the surface of the titanium-containing metal 25 corresponding to the contour of the second graphite electrode forms a whitened layer. The surface layer 252 is formed on the titanium-containing metal body 251, wherein the surface layer 252 is composed of titanium dioxide 2521, titanium hydride 2523, and titanium carbide 2522. The whitened layer contains titanium dioxide 2521. The titanium carbide 2522 is black at the center of the circle, and the titanium dioxide 2521 is white in a peripheral region of the surface of the titanium-containing metal 25 corresponding to the contour of the second graphite electrode, and surrounds the titanium carbide 2522 in an annular shape, and the titanium hydride 2523 appears blue to surround the titanium dioxide 2521 in a ring shape, and the titanium hydride 2523 has the smallest ring width.
在第四圖中，在放電加工後，晶粒群從該含鈦金屬本體251析出而形成二氧化鈦2521，該二氧化鈦2521的晶格結構為銳鈦礦，且該二氧化鈦2521是均質的。 In the fourth figure, after the electric discharge machining, a crystal grain group is precipitated from the titanium-containing metal body 251 to form titanium oxide 2521, the lattice structure of the titanium oxide 2521 is anatase, and the titanium oxide 2521 is homogeneous.
在第四圖中，該碳化鈦2522的半徑與石墨電極14相關，以本案為例，石墨電極14為圓形，經過放電加工後所產生的碳化鈦2522的半徑與石墨電極14的半徑相同，而環寬度2524則會隨著如表一所示的加工條件決定。當該石墨電極14左右移動時，則二氧化鈦2521、氫化鈦2523及碳化鈦2522的範圍也會跟著移動。當該 石墨電極14往上移動且該石墨電極14與含鈦金屬15的距離仍可產生放電的時候，則碳化鈦2522所形成的圓的範圍會變大，包圍著碳化鈦2522的二氧化鈦2521以及氫化鈦2523的環形也會跟著變大。 In the fourth figure, the radius of the titanium carbide 2522 is related to the graphite electrode 14. In the present case, the graphite electrode 14 is circular, and the radius of the titanium carbide 2522 produced after the electrical discharge machining is the same as the radius of the graphite electrode 14. The ring width 2524 is determined by the processing conditions as shown in Table 1. When the graphite electrode 14 moves left and right, the range of the titanium dioxide 2521, the titanium hydride 2523, and the titanium carbide 2522 also moves. When When the graphite electrode 14 moves upward and the distance between the graphite electrode 14 and the titanium-containing metal 15 still generates a discharge, the range of the circle formed by the titanium carbide 2522 becomes large, and the titanium oxide 2521 surrounding the titanium carbide 2522 and the titanium hydride are formed. The ring of 2523 will also grow bigger.
依據前述之實施例，染白含鈦金屬的製造方法包含下列步驟：提供一放電加工設備，其具備做為陽極使用之第一石墨電極及做為陰極使用之第二石墨電極，又其加工液為水性加工液；將含鈦金屬置於該放電加工設備之該第一石墨電極上；以及，設定放電加工的製程條件，於該第一石墨電極及該第二石墨電極之間施加電壓以對該含鈦金屬進行放電加工，使該含鈦金屬表面之對應於該第二石墨電極之輪廓的周圍區域形成染白層，其中該染白層包含二氧化鈦；其中該放電加工的製程條件之該電壓的大小為在120至220伏特之範圍；該電壓的導通期間為在4至1600微秒之範圍；該放電加工的製程條件之加工期間為在45秒至2分鐘之範圍；及該電壓的佔空比為在0.2%至99.75%之範圍。 According to the foregoing embodiment, the method for producing white titanium-containing metal comprises the steps of: providing an electric discharge machining apparatus having a first graphite electrode used as an anode and a second graphite electrode used as a cathode, and a processing liquid thereof An aqueous processing liquid; placing a titanium-containing metal on the first graphite electrode of the electrical discharge machining apparatus; and setting a process condition of the electrical discharge machining, applying a voltage between the first graphite electrode and the second graphite electrode to The titanium-containing metal is subjected to electrical discharge machining to form a whitened layer on the surface of the titanium-containing metal surface corresponding to the contour of the second graphite electrode, wherein the whitened layer comprises titanium dioxide; wherein the voltage of the process condition of the electrical discharge machining The size is in the range of 120 to 220 volts; the on period of the voltage is in the range of 4 to 1600 microseconds; the processing condition of the electrical discharge machining process is in the range of 45 seconds to 2 minutes; and the voltage is occupied The void ratio is in the range of 0.2% to 99.75%.
在較佳實施例中，一種染白含鈦金屬的方法包含下列步驟：(a)提供一含鈦金屬。(b)在該含鈦金屬的表面進行一放電加工，以將該含鈦金屬染白為該染白含鈦金屬，其中該放電加工的製程條件包括該電壓的大小、施加該電壓的一導通期間、該放電加工的一加工期間、及施加該電壓的一佔空比。 In a preferred embodiment, a method of dyeing a white titanium-containing metal comprises the steps of: (a) providing a titanium-containing metal. (b) performing an electrical discharge process on the surface of the titanium-containing metal to dye the titanium-containing metal to the white-containing titanium-containing metal, wherein the process conditions of the electrical discharge machining include the magnitude of the voltage and a conduction of the applied voltage A period during which the electrical discharge machining is performed and a duty ratio at which the voltage is applied.
依據上述較佳實施例的任一實施例，其中，該含鈦金屬的表面形成一白色環狀鈦金屬氧化物，其中該白色 環狀鈦金屬氧化物具有一環寬度，藉由調配該電壓的大小、該導通期間、該加工期間、及該佔空比來控制該環寬度。當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為4微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為590微米。當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為45秒時，該環寬度為390微米。當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為99%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為210微米。當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為20%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為535微米。當該電壓為120伏特、該導通期間為1600微秒，該佔空比為99.75%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為310微米。當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為2分鐘時，該環寬度為1675微米。當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為4微秒，該佔空比為50%、且該加工期間為45秒時，該環寬度為210微米。當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為4微秒，該佔空比為0.2%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為1365微米。當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為400微秒，該佔空比為20%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為1590微米。當該電壓為220伏特、該導通期間為1600微秒，該佔空比為99.75%、且該加工期間為1分鐘時，該環寬度為1150微米。 According to any one of the above preferred embodiments, wherein the titanium-containing metal surface forms a white annular titanium metal oxide, wherein the white The annular titanium metal oxide has a ring width, and the ring width is controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the voltage, the conduction period, the processing period, and the duty ratio. When the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 4 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 590 micrometers. When the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 45 seconds, the loop width is 390 micrometers. When the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 99%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 210 micrometers. When the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 20%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 535 micrometers. When the voltage is 120 volts, the conduction period is 1600 microseconds, the duty ratio is 99.75%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 310 micrometers. When the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 2 minutes, the loop width is 1675 micrometers. When the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 4 microseconds, the duty ratio is 50%, and the processing period is 45 seconds, the loop width is 210 micrometers. When the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 4 microseconds, the duty ratio is 0.2%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 1365 micrometers. When the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 400 microseconds, the duty ratio is 20%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 1590 micrometers. When the voltage is 220 volts, the conduction period is 1600 microseconds, the duty ratio is 99.75%, and the processing period is 1 minute, the loop width is 1150 micrometers.
在另一較佳實施例中，一種製造一染白含鈦金屬的 方法包含下列步驟：(a)提供一含鈦金屬。(b)在該含鈦金屬的表面進行一放電加工，以獲得該染白含鈦金屬。 In another preferred embodiment, a method for producing a white titanium-containing metal The method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a titanium-containing metal. (b) performing an electric discharge process on the surface of the titanium-containing metal to obtain the white-doped titanium-containing metal.
依據上述較佳實施例的任一實施例，其中，該含鈦金屬為純鈦或鈦合金。 In accordance with any of the above preferred embodiments, wherein the titanium-containing metal is pure titanium or a titanium alloy.
依據上述較佳實施例的任一實施例，其中，該方法更包含下列步驟：將該含鈦金屬置於作為陽極的一第一石墨電極上，並將該含鈦金屬浸於一水性加工液之中，其中該水性加工液為自來水、礦泉水或蒸餾水。於該第一石墨電極及作為陰極的一第二石墨電極之間施加一電壓。控制該第二石墨電極與該含鈦金屬的表面之間的距離，以利用該電壓對該含鈦金屬進行放電加工。 According to any of the above preferred embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of: placing the titanium-containing metal on a first graphite electrode as an anode, and immersing the titanium-containing metal in an aqueous processing fluid Wherein the aqueous working fluid is tap water, mineral water or distilled water. A voltage is applied between the first graphite electrode and a second graphite electrode as a cathode. The distance between the second graphite electrode and the surface of the titanium-containing metal is controlled to electrically discharge the titanium-containing metal using the voltage.
依據上述較佳實施例的任一實施例，其中，該放電加工的製程條件包括該電壓的大小，施加該電壓的一導通期間、該放電加工的一加工期間、及施加該電壓的一佔空比。 In accordance with any of the above-described preferred embodiments, the process conditions of the electrical discharge machining include a magnitude of the voltage, a conduction period during which the voltage is applied, a processing period of the electrical discharge machining, and a duty cycle of applying the voltage ratio.
依據上述較佳實施例的任一實施例，更包含下列步驟：在該含鈦金屬的表面形成一白色含鈦金屬氧化物。藉由調配該電壓的大小、該導通期間、該加工期間、及該佔空比來控制該白色含鈦金屬氧化物所形成的範圍。 According to any of the above preferred embodiments, the method further comprises the step of forming a white titanium-containing metal oxide on the surface of the titanium-containing metal. The range formed by the white titanium-containing metal oxide is controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the voltage, the on-period, the processing period, and the duty ratio.
在上述較佳實施例中，一種含鈦金屬包含一含鈦金屬本體及一表面層。該表面層形成於該含鈦金屬本體上，其中該表面層係由二氧化鈦、氫化鈦及碳化鈦所組成。 In the above preferred embodiment, a titanium-containing metal comprises a titanium-containing metal body and a surface layer. The surface layer is formed on the titanium-containing metal body, wherein the surface layer is composed of titanium dioxide, titanium hydride, and titanium carbide.
依據上述較佳實施例的任一實施例，其中該含鈦金屬為純鈦或鈦合金。該二氧化鈦的晶格結構為銳鈦礦。 該二氧化鈦是從該含鈦金屬本體所析出的晶粒群所組成。該二氧化鈦是均質的。在上述較佳實施例中，一種含鈦金屬之加工設備包含二石墨電極。 According to any of the above preferred embodiments, the titanium-containing metal is pure titanium or a titanium alloy. The lattice structure of the titanium dioxide is anatase. The titanium dioxide is composed of a crystal grain group precipitated from the titanium-containing metal body. The titanium dioxide is homogeneous. In the preferred embodiment described above, a titanium metal containing processing apparatus comprises two graphite electrodes.
本發明的說明與較佳實施例已揭露於上，然其非用來限制本發明，凡習知此技藝者，在不脫離本發明的精神與範圍之下，當可做各種更動與修飾，其仍應屬在本發明專利的涵蓋範圍之內。 The description and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should still be within the scope of the present invention.
10‧‧‧放電加工設備 10‧‧‧Electrical discharge equipment
11‧‧‧容器 11‧‧‧ Container
12‧‧‧水性加工液 12‧‧‧Water-based processing fluid
13,14‧‧‧石墨電極 13,14‧‧‧Graphite electrode
15‧‧‧含鈦金屬 15‧‧‧Titanium-containing metal
16‧‧‧電源 16‧‧‧Power supply
17‧‧‧迴路 17‧‧‧ Circuit
251‧‧‧含鈦金屬本體 251‧‧‧Titanium-containing metal body
252‧‧‧表面層 252‧‧‧ surface layer
2521‧‧‧二氧化鈦 2521‧‧‧ Titanium dioxide
2522‧‧‧碳化鈦 2522‧‧‧Titanium carbide
2523‧‧‧氫化鈦 2523‧‧‧Titanium hydride
2524‧‧‧環寬度 2524‧‧‧ Ring width
18‧‧‧轉換單元 18‧‧‧Conversion unit
25‧‧‧染白含鈦金屬 25‧‧‧White titanium-containing metal
第一圖：本案所提放電加工的設備的示意圖；第二圖：本案施加於含鈦金屬的電壓VTi的波形的示意圖；第三圖：本案製造一染白含鈦金屬的方法的流程圖；及第四圖：本案的含鈦金屬的示意圖。 The first figure: a schematic diagram of the apparatus for electrical discharge machining proposed in the present case; the second figure: a schematic diagram of the waveform of the voltage V Ti applied to the titanium-containing metal in the present case; the third figure: a flow chart of the method for producing a white titanium-containing metal in the present case And the fourth picture: a schematic diagram of the titanium-containing metal in this case.
251‧‧‧含鈦金屬本體 251‧‧‧Titanium-containing metal body
252‧‧‧表面層 252‧‧‧ surface layer
2521‧‧‧二氧化鈦 2521‧‧‧ Titanium dioxide
2522‧‧‧碳化鈦 2522‧‧‧Titanium carbide
2523‧‧‧氫化鈦 2523‧‧‧Titanium hydride
2524‧‧‧環寬度 2524‧‧‧ Ring width
25‧‧‧染白含鈦金屬 25‧‧‧White titanium-containing metal
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| TW200909112A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-01 | Hung Chun Toolings Co Ltd | Fabrication of titanium oxide on artifical implant by electro-discharge machining |
| US20090090634A1 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-09 | Sifco Selective Plating | Method of plating metal onto titanium |
| TW200922529A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-01 | Hung Chun Technology In | Artificial implant with voids on surface thereof and method for producing the same |
| TW200924888A (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2009-06-16 | Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen | Electric discharge material coating apparatus |
| CN101684566A (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-03-31 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Titanium dioxide nanometer membrane and preparation method thereof |
| TW201038485A (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-11-01 | Univ Kumamoto Nat Univ Corp | Low-level titania and process for manufacturing thereof |
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| TW201221257A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
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