TWI466452B - Iterative detection and decoding device and iterative detection and decoding method - Google Patents

Iterative detection and decoding device and iterative detection and decoding method Download PDF

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TWI466452B
TWI466452B TW100141618A TW100141618A TWI466452B TW I466452 B TWI466452 B TW I466452B TW 100141618 A TW100141618 A TW 100141618A TW 100141618 A TW100141618 A TW 100141618A TW I466452 B TWI466452 B TW I466452B
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soft information
decoding
information
soft
iterative
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TW201320620A (en
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Yao Nan Lee
Shin Shiuan Cheng
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Himax Media Solutions Inc
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Description

疊代檢測暨解碼裝置與疊代檢測暨解碼方法Iterative detection and decoding device and iterative detection and decoding method

本發明所揭露之實施例有關於疊代檢測暨解碼技術，尤指一種可於疊代解碼迴圈中根據預定限制條件來篩選解碼過的軟資訊的疊代檢測暨解碼裝置與疊代檢測暨解碼方法。The embodiment of the present invention relates to an iterative detection and decoding technique, and more particularly to an iterative detection and decoding apparatus and iterative detection capable of screening and decoding decoded soft information according to predetermined constraints in an iterative decoding loop. Decoding method.

疊代檢測暨解碼(iterative detection and decoding)是一種用來提升通訊系統之整體效能的技術，其中軟資訊(soft information)在一訊號偵測器與一錯誤更正解碼器(例如，一低密度同位元檢查(low-density parity-check)解碼器)之間彼此交換以疊代地產生想要的訊息。訊號偵測器可同時從所接收的訊號以及編碼位元的額外資訊中受惠。傳統上，無論軟資訊是否可靠，由解碼器所產生的所有軟資訊皆會通過訊號偵測器。雖然此一機制可被大多數的應用所接受，解碼失敗仍有可能會發生，因而導致錯誤更正效能的下降。Iterative detection and decoding is a technique used to improve the overall performance of a communication system, where soft information is in a signal detector with an error correction decoder (eg, a low density parity) The low-density parity-check decoders are exchanged with each other to generate desired messages in an iterative manner. The signal detector can benefit from both the received signal and the additional information of the encoded bit. Traditionally, all soft information generated by the decoder passes through the signal detector, regardless of whether the soft information is reliable. Although this mechanism can be accepted by most applications, decoding failures may still occur, resulting in a drop in error correction performance.

依據本發明之實施例，其提出一種可於疊代解碼迴圈中根據預定限制條件來篩選解碼過的軟資訊的疊代檢測暨解碼裝置與疊代檢測暨解碼方法，以解決上述之問題。According to an embodiment of the present invention, an iterative detection and decoding apparatus and an iterative detection and decoding method capable of filtering decoded soft information according to predetermined restriction conditions in an iterative decoding loop are proposed to solve the above problem.

依據本發明之第一層面，其揭示一種疊代檢測暨解碼裝置。該疊代檢測暨解碼裝置包含有一訊號偵測器、一錯誤更正解碼器以及一軟資訊選取器。該訊號偵測器用來產生一組軟資訊。該錯誤更正解碼器耦接於該訊號偵測器，用來疊代地解碼該組軟資訊並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊。該軟資訊選取器耦接於在該訊號偵測器與該錯誤更正解碼器之間，用來於每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件時，自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊，其中該訊號偵測器另根據由該軟資訊選取器所產生之一選取結果選擇性地來產生一組新的軟資訊。According to a first aspect of the invention, an iterative detection and decoding apparatus is disclosed. The iterative detection and decoding device comprises a signal detector, an error correction decoder and a soft information picker. The signal detector is used to generate a set of soft information. The error correction decoder is coupled to the signal detector for decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner and updating the set of soft information to generate a set of updated soft information. The soft information selector is coupled between the signal detector and the error correction decoder, and is configured to select at least one of the updated soft information when the soft information meets at least one predetermined constraint. Soft information, wherein the signal detector selectively generates a new set of soft information according to a result selected by the soft information picker.

依據本發明之第二層面，其揭示一種疊代檢測暨解碼方法。該疊代檢測暨解碼方法包含有：產生一組軟資訊；疊代地解碼該組軟資訊並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊；於每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件時，自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊；以及根據由該軟資訊選取器所產生之一選取結果選擇性地來產生一組新的軟資訊。According to a second aspect of the present invention, an iterative detection and decoding method is disclosed. The iterative detection and decoding method includes: generating a set of soft information; decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner and updating the set of soft information to generate a set of updated soft information; and satisfying at least one of each soft information When the restriction condition is predetermined, at least one piece of soft information is selected from the updated soft information of the group; and a new set of soft information is selectively generated according to a result selected by the soft information picker.

在說明書及後續的申請專利範圍當中使用了某些詞彙來指稱特定的元件。所屬領域中具有通常知識者應可理解，硬體製造商可能會用不同的名詞來稱呼同樣的元件。本說明書及後續的申請專利範圍並不以名稱的差異來作為區分元件的方式，而是以元件在功能上的差異來作為區分的準則。在通篇說明書及後續的請求項當中所提及的「包含」係為一開放式的用語，故應解釋成「包含但不限定於」。另外，「耦接」一詞在此係包含任何直接及間接的電氣連接手段。因此，若文中描述一第一裝置耦接於一第二裝置，則代表該第一裝置可直接電氣連接於該第二裝置，或透過其他裝置或連接手段間接地電氣連接至該第二裝置。Certain terms are used throughout the description and following claims to refer to particular elements. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that hardware manufacturers may refer to the same elements by different nouns. The scope of this specification and the subsequent patent application do not use the difference of the names as the means for distinguishing the elements, but the difference in function of the elements as the criterion for distinguishing. The term "including" as used throughout the specification and subsequent claims is an open term and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". In addition, the term "coupled" is used herein to include any direct and indirect electrical connection. Therefore, if a first device is coupled to a second device, it means that the first device can be directly electrically connected to the second device or indirectly electrically connected to the second device through other devices or connection means.

請參考第1圖，第1圖為本發明疊代檢測暨解碼裝置之一實施例的示意圖。疊代檢測暨解碼裝置100包含有(但不侷限於)一訊號偵測器110、一錯誤更正解碼器120以及一軟資訊(soft information，SI)選擇器130。訊號偵測器110用來根據一所接收的訊號來產生一組軟資訊，其中該組軟資訊中之每一軟資訊為一目標位元之一對數相似比(log likelihood ratio)。請注意，此僅作為範例說明之用，並非作為本發明之一限制條件。在一設計變化中，所實作之軟資訊可以是與該目標位元有關聯的另一指標，例如該目標位元的熵(entropy)。在本實施例中，錯誤更正解碼器120為一低密度同位元檢查(low-density parity check，LDPC)解碼器，耦接於訊號偵測器110，用來疊代地解碼該組軟資訊並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊。軟資訊選取器130耦接於訊號偵測器110與錯誤更正解碼器120之間，並且當每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件(predetermined constraint rule)時，用來自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊。訊號偵測器110另外會根據軟資訊選取器130所產生之一選取結果以及所接收的訊號來選擇性地產生一組新的軟資訊。Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an iterative detection and decoding apparatus according to the present invention. The iterative detection and decoding apparatus 100 includes, but is not limited to, a signal detector 110, an error correction decoder 120, and a soft information (SI) selector 130. The signal detector 110 is configured to generate a set of soft information according to a received signal, wherein each soft information of the set of soft information is a log likelihood ratio of a target bit. Please note that this is for illustrative purposes only and is not a limitation of the invention. In a design change, the soft information being implemented may be another indicator associated with the target bit, such as the entropy of the target bit. In this embodiment, the error correction decoder 120 is a low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder coupled to the signal detector 110 for decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner. The set of soft information is updated to generate a set of updated soft information. The soft information picker 130 is coupled between the signal detector 110 and the error correction decoder 120, and uses soft information from the updated group when each soft information satisfies at least a predetermined constraint rule. Select at least one soft message. The signal detector 110 additionally generates a new set of soft information based on the result of the selection by the soft information picker 130 and the received signal.

請參考第2圖，第2圖為第1圖中的疊代檢測暨解碼裝置100所使用之一低密度同位元檢查編碼機制的部分示意圖。在第2圖中，目標位元b0~b6代表由訊號偵測器110所產生的該組軟資訊，檢查節點偵測器(check node detector)CND1～CND3為錯誤更正解碼器120中所採用的檢查節點偵測器，以及一矩陣H代表一低密度同位元檢查矩陣的說明範例，其中矩陣H的欄數由目標位元的長度所決定，並且矩陣H的列數由檢查節點偵測器的個數所決定。檢查節點偵測器CND1～CND3首先根據矩陣H的每一列(row)來分別檢查目標位元b0-b6中的一部分，然後產生對應於每一被檢查目標位元之一軟資訊，以用來疊代地更新由訊號偵測器110所產生的原本的軟資訊。接著，基於該至少一預定限制條件，該更新過的軟資訊會透過軟資訊選取器130來進行篩選。Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a partial schematic diagram of a low-density parity check coding mechanism used by the iterative detection and decoding apparatus 100 in FIG. In FIG. 2, the target bits b0~b6 represent the set of soft information generated by the signal detector 110, and the check node detectors CND1 to CND3 are used in the error correction decoder 120. Checking the node detector, and an example of a matrix H representing a low-density parity check matrix, where the number of columns of the matrix H is determined by the length of the target bit, and the number of columns of the matrix H is checked by the node detector The number is determined. The check node detectors CND1 to CND3 first check each of the target bits b0-b6 according to each row of the matrix H, and then generate soft information corresponding to one of the checked target bits for use. The original soft information generated by the signal detector 110 is updated in an iterative manner. Then, based on the at least one predetermined restriction condition, the updated soft information is filtered by the soft information picker 130.

在一設計範例中，預定限制條件可定義為錯誤更正解碼器120中由同一檢查節點偵測器所解碼過的軟資訊之硬決策值(hard decision)的二進位加總(binary summation)應為0：亦即，當透過相同的檢查節點偵測器所解碼產生的全部軟資訊皆被視為可信(reliable)時，才可採用軟資訊。舉例來說，在第2圖中，檢查節點偵測器CND1首先參考矩陣H的第一列並且得到一陣列[1，1，0，1，1，0，0]，該陣列係指示只有該目標位元的第一、第二、第四以及第五欄(column)(亦即，位元b0、b1、b3以及b4)會被檢查節點偵測器CND1檢查。檢查節點偵測器CND1根據矩陣H的第一列來檢查位元b0、b1、b3以及b4，並且分別產生相對應的軟資訊SI0 ～SI3 。軟資訊選取器130接著決定軟資訊SI0 ～SI3 的硬決策值的二進位加總是否為0，如果該二進位加總為0，則訊號偵測器110使用軟資訊SI0 ～SI3 來產生一組新的軟資訊，如果不為0，則軟資訊SI0 ～SI3 皆捨棄不使用。In a design example, the predetermined constraint may be defined as the binary summation of the hard decision of the soft information decoded by the same check node detector in the error correction decoder 120. 0: That is, soft information can be used when all soft information generated by the same check node detector is considered to be reliable. For example, in FIG. 2, the check node detector CND1 first refers to the first column of the matrix H and obtains an array [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0] indicating that only The first, second, fourth, and fifth columns of the target bit (i.e., bits b0, b1, b3, and b4) are checked by the check node detector CND1. The check node detector CND1 checks the bits b0, b1, b3, and b4 according to the first column of the matrix H, and generates corresponding soft information SI 0 - SI 3 , respectively . The soft information picker 130 then determines whether the binary sum of the hard decision values of the soft information SI 0 - SI 3 is 0. If the binary sum is 0, the signal detector 110 uses the soft information SI 0 - SI 3 To generate a new set of soft information, if not 0, the soft information SI 0 ~ SI 3 are discarded and not used.

在另一設計範例中，預定限制條件可定義為錯誤更正解碼器120中回饋至同一變數節點偵測器(variable node detector，VND)之軟資訊的硬決策值應該相同：亦即，當所有對應於相同的目標位元的其他解碼過的軟資訊皆相同時，才可採用軟資訊。舉例來說，在第2圖中，檢查節點偵測器CND1根據矩陣H的第一列來產生軟資訊SI0 ～SI3 並且檢查節點偵測器CND2根據矩陣H的第二列來產生軟資訊SI4 ～SI7 。軟資訊選取器130接著決定軟資訊SI0 與SI4 的硬決策值是否相同，如果軟資訊SI0 與SI4 的硬決策值相同，則訊號偵測器110使用軟資訊SI0 與SI4 來產生一組新的軟資訊，如果不相同，則軟資訊SI0 與SI4 皆捨棄不使用。In another design example, the predetermined constraint may be defined as the hard decision value of the soft information fed back to the same variable node detector (VND) in the error correction decoder 120 should be the same: that is, when all corresponding Soft information can only be used when the other decoded soft information of the same target bit is the same. For example, in FIG. 2, the check node detector CND1 generates soft information SI 0 to SI 3 according to the first column of the matrix H and checks that the node detector CND2 generates soft information according to the second column of the matrix H. SI 4 to SI 7 . The soft information picker 130 then determines whether the soft decision values of the soft information SI 0 and SI 4 are the same. If the soft information SI 0 and the hard decision value of the SI 4 are the same, the signal detector 110 uses the soft information SI 0 and SI 4 to A new set of soft information is generated. If they are not the same, the soft information SI 0 and SI 4 are discarded and not used.

本發明之技術特徵的細節進一步詳述如下。請參考第3圖，第3圖為本發明疊代檢測暨解碼方法之一實施例的流程圖。請注意，假若可獲得實質上相同的結果，則這些步驟並不一定要遵照第3圖所示的執行次序來執行。該方法可應用於疊代檢測暨解碼裝置100，並可簡短地總結如下。The details of the technical features of the present invention are further detailed below. Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a flow chart of an embodiment of the iterative detection and decoding method of the present invention. Please note that if substantially the same result is obtained, these steps are not necessarily performed in accordance with the execution order shown in FIG. This method can be applied to the iterative detection and decoding apparatus 100, and can be briefly summarized as follows.

步驟S300：開始；步驟S301：產生一組軟資訊；步驟S302：疊代地解碼該組軟資訊，並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊；步驟S303：決定該組更新後的軟資訊是否合乎要求(legal)。如果該組更新後的軟資訊合乎要求，執行步驟S306；否則，執行步驟S304；步驟S304：當每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件時，自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊；步驟S305：根據自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊之步驟的選取結果來選擇性地產生一組新的軟資訊，然後執行步驟S301；步驟S306：結束。Step S300: Start; Step S301: Generate a set of soft information; Step S302: Decode the set of soft information in an iterative manner, and update the set of soft information to generate a set of updated soft information; Step S303: Determine the group Whether the updated soft information is legal. If the updated soft information of the group is satisfactory, step S306 is performed; otherwise, step S304 is performed; step S304: when each soft information meets at least one predetermined restriction condition, at least one soft is selected from the updated soft information of the group. Information; Step S305: Selectively generate a new set of soft information according to the selection result of the step of selecting at least one soft information from the updated soft information of the group, and then perform step S301; Step S306: End.

該疊代檢測暨解碼方法係用來說明疊代檢測暨解碼裝置100的操作，因為可行的變化可以透過參考詳盡的說明內容而輕易地推知，為簡潔起見，故進一步的說明便於此不再贅述。The iterative detection and decoding method is used to explain the operation of the iterative detection and decoding apparatus 100, because the feasible changes can be easily inferred by referring to the detailed description. For the sake of brevity, further explanation is convenient for this. Narration.

總結來說，本發明提出一種用於錯誤更正機制中之疊代解碼迴圈的軟資訊選取機制，其可改善(refine)解碼過的軟資訊的選取結果，因此大幅增強錯誤更正的效能。In summary, the present invention proposes a soft information selection mechanism for the iterative decoding loop in the error correction mechanism, which can refine the selection result of the decoded soft information, thereby greatly enhancing the performance of error correction.

以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例，凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等變化與修飾，皆應屬本發明之涵蓋範圍。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications made to the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of the present invention.

100．．．疊代檢測暨解碼裝置100. . . Iterative detection and decoding device

110．．．訊號偵測器110. . . Signal detector

120．．．錯誤更正解碼器120. . . Error correction decoder

130．．．軟資訊選擇器130. . . Soft information selector

CND1～CND3．．．檢查節點偵測器CND1～CND3. . . Check node detector

b0-b6．．．目標位元B0-b6. . . Target bit

H．．．低密度同位元檢查矩陣H. . . Low density parity check matrix

SI0 ～SI3 ．．．軟資訊SI 0 to SI 3 . . . Soft information

第1圖為本發明疊代檢測暨解碼裝置之一實施例的示意圖。1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an iterative detection and decoding apparatus of the present invention.

第2圖為第1圖中的疊代檢測暨解碼裝置所使用之一低密度同位元檢查編碼機制的部分示意圖。Figure 2 is a partial schematic diagram of one of the low density parity check encoding mechanisms used in the iterative detection and decoding apparatus of Figure 1.

第3圖為本發明疊代檢測暨解碼方法之一實施例的流程圖。Figure 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the iterative detection and decoding method of the present invention.

100．．．疊代檢測暨解碼裝置100. . . Iterative detection and decoding device

110．．．訊號偵測器110. . . Signal detector

120．．．錯誤更正解碼器120. . . Error correction decoder

130．．．軟資訊選擇器130. . . Soft information selector

Claims (6)

一種疊代檢測暨解碼(iterative detection and decoding)裝置，包含有：一訊號偵測器，用來產生一組軟資訊(soft information，SI)；一錯誤更正解碼器，耦接於該訊號偵測器，用來疊代地解碼該組軟資訊，並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊；以及一軟資訊選取器，耦接於該訊號偵測器與該錯誤更正解碼器之間，用來於每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件時，自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊，其中該訊號偵測器另根據由該軟資訊選取器所產生之一選取結果來選擇性地產生一組新的軟資訊；其中該錯誤更正解碼器為一低密度同位元檢查(low-density parity check，LDPC)解碼器，且該預定限制條件係定義為該低密度同位元檢查解碼器中由同一檢查節點偵測器(check node detector，CND)所解碼的軟資訊之硬決策值的二進位加總應該為零。 An iterative detection and decoding device includes: a signal detector for generating a set of soft information (SI); an error correction decoder coupled to the signal detection The device is configured to decode the set of soft information in an iterative manner, and update the set of soft information to generate a set of updated soft information; and a soft information picker coupled to the signal detector and the error correction Between the decoders, when at least one predetermined constraint condition is met for each soft information, at least one soft information is selected from the updated soft information of the group, wherein the signal detector is further configured by the soft information picker Generating a selection result to selectively generate a new set of soft information; wherein the error correction decoder is a low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder, and the predetermined constraint is defined as The binary decision of the hard decision value of the soft information decoded by the same check node detector (CND) in the low density parity check decoder should be zero. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之疊代檢測暨解碼裝置，其中該組軟資訊中之每一軟資訊為一目標位元之一對數相似比(log likelihood ratio)。 The iterative detection and decoding device according to claim 1, wherein each soft information of the set of soft information is a log likelihood ratio of a target bit. 一種疊代檢測暨解碼(iterative detection and decoding)裝置，包 含有：一訊號偵測器，用來產生一組軟資訊(soft information，SI)；一錯誤更正解碼器，耦接於該訊號偵測器，用來疊代地解碼該組軟資訊，並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊；以及一軟資訊選取器，耦接於該訊號偵測器與該錯誤更正解碼器之間，用來於每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件時，自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊，其中該訊號偵測器另根據由該軟資訊選取器所產生之一選取結果來選擇性地產生一組新的軟資訊；其中該錯誤更正解碼器為一低密度同位元檢查(low-density parity check，LDPC)解碼器，該預定限制條件係定義為該低密度同位元檢查解碼器中回饋至同一變數節點偵測器(variable node detector，VND)之軟資訊的硬決策值應該相同。 An iterative detection and decoding device The method includes: a signal detector for generating a set of soft information (SI); an error correction decoder coupled to the signal detector for decoding the soft information in an iterative manner, and according to To update the soft information of the group to generate a set of updated soft information; and a soft information picker coupled between the signal detector and the error correction decoder for satisfying at least one for each soft information When the predetermined restriction condition is met, at least one soft information is selected from the updated soft information of the group, wherein the signal detector further selectively generates a new set of soft according to the result selected by the soft information picker. Information; wherein the error correction decoder is a low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder, and the predetermined constraint is defined as the feedback to the same variable node in the low-density parity check decoder The hard decision value of the soft information of the variable node detector (VND) should be the same. 一種疊代檢測暨解碼(iterative detection and decoding)方法，包含有：產生一組軟資訊(soft information，SI)；疊代地解碼該組軟資訊，並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊；於每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件時，自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊；以及 根據該軟資訊選取器所產生之一選取結果，來選擇性地產生一組新的軟資訊；其中疊代地解碼該組軟資訊之步驟包含有：透過採用一低密度同位元檢查(low-density parity check)解碼機制來疊代地解碼該組軟資訊；其中該預定限制條件係定義該低密度同位元檢查解碼機制中由同一檢查節點偵測器(check node detector，CND)所解碼的軟資訊之硬決策值的二進位加總應該為零。 An iterative detection and decoding method includes: generating a set of soft information (SI); decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner, and updating the set of soft information to generate a set The updated soft information; when each soft information meets at least one predetermined restriction condition, at least one soft information is selected from the updated soft information of the group; Selecting a result according to one of the soft information pickers to selectively generate a new set of soft information; wherein the step of decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner comprises: using a low density parity check (low- Density parity check) decoding mechanism to decode the set of soft information in an iterative manner; wherein the predetermined constraint condition defines a softness decoded by the same check node detector (CND) in the low density parity check decoding mechanism The binary of the hard decision value of the information should be zero. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之疊代檢測暨解碼方法，其中該組軟資訊中之每一軟資訊為一目標位元之一對數相似比(log likelihood ratio)。 For example, the iterative detection and decoding method described in claim 4, wherein each soft information in the set of soft information is a log likelihood ratio of a target bit. 一種疊代檢測暨解碼(iterative detection and decoding)方法，包含有：產生一組軟資訊(soft information，SI)；疊代地解碼該組軟資訊，並據以更新該組軟資訊以產生一組更新後的軟資訊；於每一軟資訊滿足至少一預定限制條件時，自該組更新後的軟資訊中選取至少一軟資訊；以及根據該軟資訊選取器所產生之一選取結果，來選擇性地產生一組新的軟資訊；其中疊代地解碼該組軟資訊之步驟包含有： 透過採用一低密度同位元檢查(low-density parity check)解碼機制來疊代地解碼該組軟資訊；其中該預定限制條件係定義該低密度同位元檢查解碼機制中回饋至同一變數節點偵測器(variable node detector，VND)之軟資訊的硬決策值應該相同。 An iterative detection and decoding method includes: generating a set of soft information (SI); decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner, and updating the set of soft information to generate a set The updated soft information; when each soft information satisfies at least one predetermined restriction condition, selecting at least one soft information from the updated soft information of the group; and selecting a result according to one of the soft information selectors to select Sexually generate a new set of soft information; wherein the steps of decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner include: Decoding the set of soft information in an iterative manner by using a low-density parity check decoding mechanism; wherein the predetermined constraint defines the low-density parity check decoding mechanism to feed back to the same variable node detection The hard decision value of the soft information of the variable node detector (VND) should be the same.
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１、Junho Cho, Jonghong Kim, Wonyong Sung,"VLSI Implementation of a High-Throughput Soft-Bit-Flipping Decoder for Geometric LDPC Codes", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 57, NO. 5, MAY 2010. *

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