TWI460278B - Sintering method - Google Patents
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- TWI460278B TWI460278B TW098140952A TW98140952A TWI460278B TW I460278 B TWI460278 B TW I460278B TW 098140952 A TW098140952 A TW 098140952A TW 98140952 A TW98140952 A TW 98140952A TW I460278 B TWI460278 B TW I460278B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
- C22B1/205—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates regulation of the sintering process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
- C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
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Description
本發明係關於可依高良率且廉價地製造高強度高品質燒結礦，且可削減二氧化碳(CO2 )排放量，利用經考慮環保的下吸風帶式燒結機所施行燒結礦之製造方法。The present invention relates to a method for producing a high-strength and high-quality sintered ore which can be produced at a high yield and at a low cost, and which can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and utilize the environmentally-friendly lower suction belt sintering machine.
高爐製鐵法主原料的燒結礦，一般係經由如圖1所示步驟進行製造。燒結礦的原料係有如：鐵粉礦、燒結礦篩下粉、煉鐵所內所發生的回收粉、石灰石及白雲石等含CaO系副原料；或生石灰等造粒助劑；或者焦炭粉或無煙炭等。該等原料係分別從料斗1…各自在輸送帶上依既定比例切取。經切取的原料便利用轉筒混合機2及3等添加適量水，經混合、造粒，便形成平均粒徑3~6mm之屬於準粒子的燒結原料。然後，該燒結原料便從在燒結機上所配置的接料桶4、5，經由筒式進料器6與切取斜槽7，裝入於環狀移動式燒結機托板8上，而形成亦稱燒結床的裝入層9。裝入層厚度(高度)通常係400~800mm左右。然後，利用在裝入層9上方所設置的點火爐10，將該裝入層表層中的炭材進行點火，且經由在托板8下方所配設的風箱11，將空氣往下方抽吸，使該裝入層中的炭材依序燃燒，利用此時所生成的燃燒熱，將上述燒結原料進行熔融，便獲得燒結餅。依此所獲得燒結餅，之後經破碎、篩粒，而形成約5mm以上的結塊物，並依成品燒結礦形式回收。The sinter of the main raw material of the blast furnace iron making process is generally manufactured through the steps shown in FIG. The raw materials of the sinter are, for example, iron powder ore, sintered ore sieve powder, recycled powder occurring in the ironmaking plant, CaO-based auxiliary materials such as limestone and dolomite; or granulation aids such as quicklime; or coke powder or Smokeless charcoal, etc. The raw materials are respectively cut from the hopper 1 ... on a conveyor belt in a predetermined ratio. The cut raw materials are conveniently mixed with an appropriate amount of water by a tumbler mixer 2 and 3, and mixed and granulated to form a sintered raw material belonging to the quasi-particles having an average particle diameter of 3 to 6 mm. Then, the sintering raw material is loaded from the receiving tanks 4, 5 disposed on the sintering machine through the drum feeder 6 and the chute 7 and loaded on the ring-shaped movable sintering machine pallet 8 to form Also known as the loading layer 9 of the sintering bed. The thickness (height) of the loading layer is usually about 400 to 800 mm. Then, the carbon material in the surface layer of the layer is ignited by the ignition furnace 10 provided above the loading layer 9, and the air is sucked downward via the bellows 11 disposed below the pallet 8. The carbon material in the charged layer is sequentially burned, and the sintered raw material is melted by the heat of combustion generated at this time to obtain a sintered cake. The sintered cake thus obtained is then crushed and sieved to form an agglomerate of about 5 mm or more and recovered in the form of a sintered ore.
上述製造製程中，經利用點火爐10施行點火的裝入層中之炭材，之後將利用由風箱從裝入層上層朝下層進行抽吸的空氣而大幅地持續燃燒，而形成具寬度的燃燒‧熔融帶(以下簡稱「燃燒帶」)。該燃燒帶係隨托板8朝下游側移動，而迅速地從裝入層的上層移往下層，經通過燃燒帶之後，便生成燒結餅層(以下簡稱「燒結層」)。此外，隨燃燒帶從上層移往下層，燒結原料中所含的水分將利用由炭材的燃燒而氣化，並在溫度未上升的下層燒結原料中進行濃縮，而形成濕潤帶。若其水分濃度達某程度以上，屬於抽吸氣體流路的繞結原料粒子間之空隙會埋有水分，導致通氣阻力增大。另外，燒結反應中，在燃燒帶中必然發生的熔融部分亦會成為通氣阻力提高的肇因。In the above manufacturing process, the carbon material in the charging layer that is ignited by the ignition furnace 10 is then continuously burned by the air sucked from the upper layer of the loading layer toward the lower layer by the bellows to form a width. Burning ‧ melting zone (hereinafter referred to as "burning zone"). This combustion zone moves toward the downstream side with the pallet 8, and rapidly moves from the upper layer of the charging layer to the lower layer, and passes through the combustion zone to form a sintered cake layer (hereinafter referred to as "sintered layer"). Further, as the combustion zone moves from the upper layer to the lower layer, the moisture contained in the sintering raw material is vaporized by combustion of the carbon material, and is concentrated in the lower sintering raw material whose temperature is not raised to form a wet belt. If the water concentration is more than a certain level, moisture is buried in the gap between the raw material particles of the pumping gas flow path, and the ventilation resistance is increased. Further, in the sintering reaction, the molten portion which inevitably occurs in the combustion zone also causes a decrease in the ventilation resistance.
圖2所示係在厚度600mm的裝入層中進行移動之燃燒帶前線，位於該裝入層的托板約400mm上(距裝入層表面下方200mm)位置時，裝入層內的壓力損耗與溫度分佈。此時的壓力損耗分佈係在濕潤帶將為約60%，在燃燒帶則約40%。Figure 2 shows the front of the burning belt moving in a loading layer of 600 mm thickness, and the pressure loss in the loading layer when the pallet of the loading layer is about 400 mm (200 mm below the surface of the loading layer). With temperature distribution. The pressure loss distribution at this point will be about 60% in the wet zone and about 40% in the combustion zone.
再者，燒結機的生產量(t/hr)一般係依燒結生產率(t/hr‧m2 )×燒結機面積(m2 )決定。即，燒結機的生產量係依照諸如：燒結機的機寬或機長、原料堆積層的厚度(裝入層厚度)、燒結原料的總體密度、燒結(燃燒)時間、及良率等而產生變化。所以，為能增加燒結礦的生產量，諸如改善裝入層的通氣性(壓力損耗)而縮短燒結時間、或提高破碎前的燒結餅冷軋強度俾提升良率等均被認為屬有效。Further, the production amount (t/hr) of the sintering machine is generally determined by the sintering productivity (t/hr‧m 2 ) × the sintering machine area (m 2 ). That is, the throughput of the sintering machine varies depending on, for example, the machine width or length of the sintering machine, the thickness of the raw material accumulation layer (loading layer thickness), the overall density of the sintered raw material, the sintering (burning) time, and the yield, and the like. . Therefore, in order to increase the production amount of the sintered ore, such as improving the air permeability (pressure loss) of the packed bed, shortening the sintering time, or improving the cold rolling strength and the yield of the sintered cake before the crushing, it is considered to be effective.
圖3所示係燒結礦生產性高時與生產性低時(即燒結機的托板移動速度快時與慢時)，裝入層內某點的溫度與時間之推移。保持於燒結原料粒子開始熔融的1200℃以上溫度中之時間(以下稱「高溫域保持時間」)，生產性低的情況時依t1 表示，生產性較高的情況則依t2 表示。生產性較高時，因為托板的移動速度較快速，因而高溫域保持時間t2 較短於生產性較低時的t1 。若高溫域保持時間縮短，便容易變燒成不足，導致燒結礦的冷軋強度降低，而造成良率降低。所以，為能依短時間、高良率，且生產性佳地製造高強度燒結礦，不論講究任何手段，都必須延長「高溫域保持時間」，而提高燒結餅強度(即燒結礦冷軋強度)。另外，表示燒結礦冷軋強度的指標，一般係使用SI(碎裂指數)、TI(轉鼓指數)。Fig. 3 shows the temperature and time of loading into a certain point in the layer when the sinter is high in productivity and low in productivity (i.e., when the plate moving speed of the sintering machine is fast and slow). Sintered material particles held in the time of onset of melting temperature of above 1200 deg.] C by the time (hereinafter referred to as "high-temperature holding time domain"), the productivity is low t 1 of said high productivity is expressed by where t 2. When the productivity is high, since the moving speed of the pallet is relatively fast, the high temperature domain holding time t 2 is shorter than the t 1 when the productivity is low. If the holding time in the high temperature region is shortened, it is liable to become insufficiently burnt, resulting in a decrease in the cold rolling strength of the sintered ore and a decrease in the yield. Therefore, in order to produce high-strength sintered ore in a short-term, high-yield, and productive manner, regardless of any means, it is necessary to extend the "high temperature holding time" and increase the strength of the sintered cake (ie, the strength of the sintered cold rolling). . In addition, the index indicating the cold rolling strength of the sintered ore is generally SI (fragmentation index) and TI (drum index).
圖4所示係利用點火爐進行著火的裝入層表層之炭材，將利用所抽吸的空氣持續燃燒並形成燃燒帶，此將從裝入層的上層依序朝下層移動，而形成燒結餅的過程示意圖。此外，圖5(a)所示係上述燃燒帶存在於圖4中依粗線框內所示之裝入層的上層部、中層部及下層部等各層內時，溫度分佈的示意圖。燒結礦的強度係受在達1200℃以上溫度中的保持時間(正確而言係1200℃以上溫度中的保持溫度與時間乘積)影響，其值越大，則燒結礦強度越高。裝入層的中層部與下層部係依裝入層上層部的炭材燃燒而生成的燃燒熱，將與被抽吸空氣一起被搬運而並預熱。所以，裝入層的中層部或下層部將長時間保持在高溫度中，相對於此，裝入層上層部將容易成為燃燒熱不足，燒結所必要的燃燒熔融反應(燒結化反應)嫌不足情況。結果，裝入層內的燒結機寬度方向截面內，燒結礦的良率分佈便如圖5(b)所示，越靠裝入層上層部，良率將越低。但是，此時必須注意事項係若裝入層內的溫度超過1380℃，燒結礦的組織便將玻璃化，反會有導致強度降低的情形。所以，較佳係最高到達溫度不要超過1380℃。Figure 4 shows the carbon material charged into the surface layer by means of an ignition furnace, which will continue to burn with the sucked air and form a combustion zone, which will move from the upper layer of the loading layer to the lower layer sequentially to form a sintering. Schematic diagram of the process of the cake. Further, Fig. 5(a) is a schematic view showing the temperature distribution when the above-mentioned combustion belt is present in each layer such as the upper layer portion, the intermediate layer portion and the lower layer portion of the layer to be packed as shown in the thick line frame of Fig. 4 . The strength of the sinter is affected by the holding time in the temperature above 1200 ° C (correctly, the product of the holding temperature and temperature in the temperature above 1200 ° C), and the larger the value, the higher the sinter strength. The heat of combustion generated by the combustion of the carbonaceous material in the upper layer of the layer in the middle layer and the lower layer of the layer to be charged is transported together with the air to be sucked and preheated. Therefore, the middle layer or the lower layer portion of the charging layer is kept at a high temperature for a long period of time. On the other hand, the upper layer portion of the charging layer tends to be insufficient in combustion heat, and the combustion-melting reaction (sintering reaction) necessary for sintering is insufficient. Happening. As a result, in the cross section in the width direction of the sintering machine in the layer, the yield distribution of the sintered ore is as shown in Fig. 5(b), and the lower the yield is, the lower the layer is placed on the upper layer. However, it must be noted at this time that if the temperature in the layer is more than 1380 ° C, the structure of the sintered ore will be vitrified, which may cause a decrease in strength. Therefore, it is preferred that the maximum reaching temperature does not exceed 1380 °C.
針對此問題，就能將裝入層上層部可長時間保持於高溫中設為目的之技術，已有數個提案。例如專利文獻1有提案：對裝入層施行點火後，再對裝入層上噴射出氣體燃料的技術；專利文獻2有提案：對裝入層施行點火後，再於被抽吸入裝入層的空氣中，添加可燃性氣體的技術；專利文獻3有提案：為將燒結原料的裝入層內形成高溫，便在裝入層上方配設罩體，並從該罩體將諸如空氣與焦炭爐氣體的混合氣體，在緊鄰點火爐後之位置處進行吹入的技術；此外，專利文獻4有提案：將低熔點溶劑、與炭材或可燃性氣體，同時在緊鄰點火爐後之位置處進行吹入的技術。In response to this problem, there has been a proposal for a technique in which the upper layer of the loading layer can be kept at a high temperature for a long period of time. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a technique of injecting a gaseous fuel onto a charging layer after ignition of the charging layer; Patent Document 2 proposes: after the ignition of the charging layer, it is sucked in and loaded. A technique of adding a combustible gas to the air of the layer; Patent Document 3 proposes that, in order to form a high temperature in the charged layer of the sintered raw material, a cover is disposed above the loaded layer, and from the cover, such as air and A technique in which a mixed gas of a coke oven gas is blown at a position immediately after the ignition furnace; in addition, Patent Document 4 proposes a low-melting solvent, a carbonaceous material, or a combustible gas at the same time immediately after the ignition furnace. The technique of blowing in.
但是，因為該等技術係使用高濃度氣體燃料，且當施行燃料氣體吹入時，並未削減炭材量，因而裝入層內進行燒結時的最高到達溫度便會成為超過1380℃的高溫，反將生成冷軋強度較低的燒結礦，導致無法獲得良率改善效果，或因氣體燃料的燃燒導致溫度上升與熱膨脹，而造成通氣性惡化，致使生產性降低，更會因氣體燃料的使用，導致會有在燒結床上部空間引發火災危險性的可能性，因而均尚未達實用化。However, since these techniques use a high-concentration gaseous fuel, and when the fuel gas is blown in, the amount of the carbon material is not reduced, so that the highest temperature reached when the layer is sintered in the layer becomes a high temperature exceeding 1380 °C. In contrast, a sintered ore with a low cold rolling strength will be produced, resulting in failure to obtain a yield improvement effect, or a temperature rise and thermal expansion due to combustion of the gaseous fuel, resulting in deterioration of the aeration property, resulting in a decrease in productivity and a use of gaseous fuel. As a result, there is a possibility that the space in the sintering bed may cause a fire hazard, and thus it has not yet reached practical use.
所以，本案申請人就解決上述問題的技術，在專利文獻5中有提案：於燒結機的點火爐下游處，將經稀釋至燃燒下限濃度以下的各種氣體燃料，從托板上的燒結原料層(裝入層)上方進行供應並導入裝入層內，藉由使其燃燒，俾就裝入層內的最高到達溫度或高溫域保持時間中任一者或二者進行調整的方法。Therefore, the applicant of the present invention has proposed a technique for solving the above problems in Patent Document 5: at the downstream of the ignition furnace of the sintering machine, various gaseous fuels diluted to a concentration lower than the lower limit of combustion are taken from the sintered raw material layer on the pallet. The method of supplying or introducing into the loading layer above the (loading layer), by burning it, the enthalpy is loaded into either or both of the highest reaching temperature or the high temperature holding time in the layer.
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開昭48-18102號公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-18102
[專利文獻2]日本專利特公昭46-27126號公報[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 46-27126
[專利文獻3]日本專利特開昭55-18585號公報[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-18585
[專利文獻4]日本專利特開平5-311257號公報[Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 5-311257
[專利文獻5]WO2007-052776號公報[Patent Document 5] WO2007-052776
根據上述專利文獻5的技術，因為在下吸風帶式燒結機的裝入層內，導入經稀釋至既定濃度的氣體燃料，並可在裝入層內的目標位置處進行燃燒，因而藉由適當控制燒結原料燃燒時的最高到達溫度與高溫域保持時間，便可提高因熱量不足導致燒結礦冷軋強度容易降低的裝入層上層部之燒結礦強度，或更加提高裝入層的中‧下層部之燒結礦強度。According to the technique of the above Patent Document 5, since the gaseous fuel diluted to a predetermined concentration is introduced into the charging layer of the lower suction belt sintering machine, and combustion can be performed at the target position in the loading layer, by appropriate By controlling the maximum reaching temperature and the holding time of the high temperature region during the combustion of the sintering raw material, the sinter strength of the upper layer of the loading layer which is easily reduced by the insufficient heat caused by the cold rolling strength of the sintered ore can be improved, or the middle layer of the loading layer can be further improved. The strength of the sinter.
然而，包括上述專利文獻5在內的習知技術，相關就燒結原料中所含炭材量，與上述經稀釋為既定濃度並供應的氣體燃料間之關係，到底應為何種調配量之事，截至目前尚未被充分地檢討。However, the conventional technique including the above-mentioned Patent Document 5 relates to the relationship between the amount of the carbon material contained in the sintered raw material and the gaseous fuel diluted to a predetermined concentration and supplied. It has not been fully reviewed so far.
緣是，本發明目的在於提案：對在下吸風帶式燒結機的點火爐下游側進行氣體燃料供應，而製造燒結礦的方法中，就與上述氣體燃料間之關係，將燒結原料中所含炭材量最佳化，藉由使氣體燃料供應效果發揮最大極限，便可依高良率，廉價地製造高強度、高品質的燒結礦，且可削減由燒結步驟所生成二氧化碳排放量的燒結礦之製造方法。In the meantime, the object of the present invention is to provide a gas fuel supply to the downstream side of the ignition furnace of the lower suction belt sintering machine, and in the method for producing the sintered ore, the relationship with the gaseous fuel is included in the sintering raw material. The amount of carbon material is optimized, and by maximizing the gas fuel supply effect, it is possible to manufacture high-strength, high-quality sintered ore at a high yield and at low cost, and to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from the sintering step. Manufacturing method.
發明者等係就在下吸風帶式燒結機的點火爐下游側施行稀釋氣體燃料供應，而進行燒結礦製造的方法，針對可依高良率且廉價地製造高強度、高品質的燒結礦，且符合近年特別對製鐵業所要求的二氧化碳排放量削減，並將稀釋氣體燃料的供應量、與燒結原料中所含炭材量間之關係最佳化，進行深入鑽研檢討。結果，發現最好配合稀釋氣體燃料的供應量，便可削減燒結原料中所含的炭材量，且即便削減相當於所供應氣體燃料之燃燒熱的量以上炭材，仍可改善燒結礦的品質特性，並充分提升生產性，合併可大幅削減二氧化碳排放量，遂完成本發明。The inventor of the present invention performs a method of producing a sintered ore by performing a dilution gas fuel supply on the downstream side of the ignition furnace of the lower suction belt sintering machine, and is capable of producing a high-strength, high-quality sintered ore at a high yield and at low cost, and In line with the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions required by the iron and steel industry in recent years, the relationship between the supply of diluted gas fuel and the amount of carbon contained in the sintered raw materials is optimized, and further research is conducted. As a result, it has been found that it is preferable to reduce the amount of the carbonaceous material contained in the sintered raw material in accordance with the supply amount of the diluted gaseous fuel, and it is possible to improve the sintered ore even if the amount of the carbonaceous material corresponding to the combustion heat of the supplied gaseous fuel is reduced. The quality and characteristics of the product are fully enhanced, and the merger can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and the present invention has been completed.
即，本發明的燒結礦之製造方法，係包括有：裝入步驟、點火步驟、氣體燃料供應步驟、及燒結步驟的燒結礦之製造方法，而，該裝入步驟係在循環移動的托板上，裝入含有粉礦與炭材的燒結原料，而形成裝入層；該點火步驟係對該裝入層表面的炭材使用點火爐施行點火；該氣體燃料供應步驟係對裝入層上方的大氣中供應氣體燃料，而作為燃燒下限濃度以下的稀釋氣體燃料，並進行供應；該燒結步驟係利用在托板下所配置風箱，將上述稀釋氣體燃料與空氣抽吸於裝入層內，使裝入層內的炭材進行燃燒，並使上述稀釋氣體燃料在經炭材燃燒後的裝入層內進行燃燒而施行燒結；其中，上述燒結原料中的炭材量係較未供應氣體燃料時更加削減。That is, the method for producing a sintered ore according to the present invention includes a method of producing a sintered ore having a charging step, an ignition step, a gas fuel supply step, and a sintering step, and the charging step is performed on a circulating moving pallet. And sinter the raw material containing the fine ore and the carbon material to form a charging layer; the igniting step is to ignite the carbon material on the surface of the charging layer by using an ignition furnace; the gas fuel supply step is above the loading layer The gaseous fuel is supplied to the atmosphere and is supplied as a diluent gas fuel below the lower limit of combustion concentration; the sintering step is performed by pumping the diluted gaseous fuel and air into the charging layer by using a bellows disposed under the pallet And burning the carbon material in the charging layer, and burning the diluted gaseous fuel in the charging layer after burning the carbon material to perform sintering; wherein the amount of the carbon material in the sintering raw material is less than the gas supplied The fuel is even more cut.
本發明燒結礦之製造方法，其中，上述炭材的削減量係依下式：In the method for producing a sintered ore according to the present invention, the amount of the carbon material to be reduced is as follows:
取代率=B/AReplacement rate = B/A
其中，A：所供應氣體燃料的燃燒熱、B：相當於所削減炭材量的燃燒熱Among them, A: the heat of combustion of the supplied gaseous fuel, B: the heat of combustion equivalent to the amount of carbon material reduced
所定義取代率，設定在1~15範圍內。The defined substitution rate is set in the range of 1 to 15.
再者，本發明燒結礦之製造方法，係將上述取代率設為1.5~10，或更進一步設為2~6範圍內。Further, in the method for producing a sintered ore according to the present invention, the substitution ratio is set to 1.5 to 10 or more preferably in the range of 2 to 6.
根據本發明，藉由配合在燒結機的點火爐下游側所供應稀釋氣體燃料之供應量，削減燒結原料中所含的炭材量，便可就燒結步驟中的燃燒‧熔融帶溫度，不會使最高到達溫度超過1380℃，可長時間保持於1200~1380℃範圍內，因而可依高良率且確保高生產性地安定製造高強度燒結礦。且，根據本發明，因為可減少相當於所供應氣體燃料之燃燒熱的量以上炭材，因而可降低炭材成本，且可大幅削減在燒結步驟中所生成的二氧化碳排放量。According to the present invention, by reducing the amount of the carbonaceous material contained in the sintered raw material by blending the supply amount of the diluted gaseous fuel supplied to the downstream side of the ignition furnace of the sintering machine, the temperature of the burning and the melting zone in the sintering step can be prevented. The highest reaching temperature exceeds 1380 ° C, and can be maintained in the range of 1200 ~ 1380 ° C for a long time, so that high-strength sintered ore can be stably produced according to high yield and high productivity. Moreover, according to the present invention, since the amount of combustion heat corresponding to the amount of combustion heat of the supplied gaseous fuel can be reduced, the cost of the carbon material can be reduced, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated in the sintering step can be drastically reduced.
依如上述，本發明燒結礦之製造方法，係由：裝入步驟、點火步驟、氣體燃料供應步驟、及燒結步驟等各步驟構成。其中，上述裝入步驟係在循環移動的托板上裝入含有粉礦與炭材的燒結原料，而形成裝入層的步驟；點火步驟係利用點火爐對裝入層表層的炭材施行點火之步驟。此外，上述氣體燃料供應步驟係在點火爐的托板進行方向下游側，從氣體燃料供應裝置將高濃度氣體燃料，依高速吐出於裝入層上方的大氣中，經瞬間與空氣混合，而形成燃燒下限濃度以下的既定濃度稀釋氣體燃料，再將該稀釋氣體燃料與空氣一起利用在托板下所配置風箱進行抽吸，而導入於裝入層內的步驟；燒結步驟係利用被抽吸於裝入層內的上述空氣，使裝入層內的炭材進行燃燒，再利用所生成的燃燒熱，使燒結原料進行熔融‧燒結，且使稀釋氣體燃料在通過燃燒帶的裝入層內既定位置處進行燃燒，而更進一步促進熔融‧燒結，俾生成燒結餅的步驟。As described above, the method for producing a sintered ore according to the present invention comprises the steps of a charging step, an ignition step, a gas fuel supply step, and a sintering step. Wherein, the charging step is a step of charging a sintered raw material containing fine ore and carbon material on a circulating moving pallet to form a charging layer; and an ignition step is to ignite the carbon material charged to the surface layer by using an ignition furnace. The steps. Further, the gas fuel supply step is performed on the downstream side in the direction in which the tray of the ignition furnace is performed, and the high-concentration gaseous fuel is discharged from the gas fuel supply device to the atmosphere above the charging layer at a high speed, and is instantaneously mixed with the air to form Diluting the gaseous fuel at a predetermined concentration below the lower concentration of the combustion, and then using the diluted gaseous fuel together with the air in the bellows disposed under the pallet for suction, and introducing into the charging layer; the sintering step is performed by suction The air contained in the layer is burned, the carbon material charged in the layer is burned, and the generated heat of combustion is used to melt and sinter the sintered raw material, and the diluted gaseous fuel is placed in the charging layer passing through the burning belt. The step of burning at a predetermined position further promotes melting, sintering, and sintering to form a sintered cake.
本發明燒結礦之製造方法中，將被導入裝入層中的高濃度氣體燃料，在裝入層上方依高速吐出於大氣中，並與周遭空氣在短時間內進行混合，藉此稀釋至該氣體燃料所具有的燃燒下限濃度以下之濃度，然後，再將該稀釋氣體燃料導入裝入層中。依此，在導入裝入層內之前便施行稀釋的理由，係如下述。In the method for producing a sintered ore according to the present invention, the high-concentration gaseous fuel introduced into the packed bed is discharged into the atmosphere at a high speed above the packed bed, and mixed with the surrounding air in a short time, thereby being diluted to the The gaseous fuel has a concentration below the lower limit of combustion, and then the diluted gaseous fuel is introduced into the packed bed. Accordingly, the reason for performing dilution before introduction into the packed bed is as follows.
製作在內徑300mmΦ ×高度400mm的燒結鍋中填充入燒結餅，並於燒結餅下方可通過燒結餅進行空氣抽吸的實驗裝置。接著，如圖6(a)所示，從燒結餅中央部的上方，將噴嘴埋藏入深度90mm位置處，並吹入相對於所抽吸的空氣，能成為1vol%量的100%濃度甲烷氣體，測定燒結餅內的圓周方向與深度方向之甲烷氣體濃度分佈，結果如表1所示。此外，如圖6(b)所示，使用相同的噴嘴，從燒結餅上方的350mm位置處，將與上述同量的甲烷氣體供應給大氣中並進行稀釋，如同上述，測定燒結餅內的甲烷氣體濃度分佈，結果如表2所示。由該等結果得知，當直接將甲烷氣體導入於燒結餅中的情況，甲烷氣體朝橫向的擴散嫌不足，相對於此，當甲烷氣體係在燒結餅上方進行供應的情況，燒結餅內的甲烷氣體濃度大致呈均勻化。由此結果得知，氣體燃料較佳係在燒結餅上方供應給大氣中，並在導入裝入層內之前，便均勻稀釋。An experimental apparatus in which a sintered cake was filled in a sintered pot having an inner diameter of 300 mm Φ × a height of 400 mm and air suction was performed under the sintered cake by sintering the cake. Next, as shown in Fig. 6 (a), the nozzle is buried at a position of a depth of 90 mm from the center of the sintered cake, and a 100%-concentration methane gas of 1 vol% is blown into the air to be sucked. The methane gas concentration distribution in the circumferential direction and the depth direction in the sintered cake was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. Further, as shown in FIG. 6(b), the same amount of methane gas as described above was supplied to the atmosphere and diluted from the position of 350 mm above the sintered cake using the same nozzle, and methane in the sintered cake was measured as described above. The gas concentration distribution, the results are shown in Table 2. From these results, it is known that when methane gas is directly introduced into the sintered cake, the diffusion of methane gas in the lateral direction is insufficient, whereas in the case where the methane gas system is supplied over the sintered cake, the inside of the sintered cake is The methane gas concentration is approximately uniform. From this result, it is known that the gaseous fuel is preferably supplied to the atmosphere above the sintered cake and uniformly diluted before being introduced into the packed bed.
另外，將上述濃度的稀釋氣體燃料供應至裝入層中的方法，係有如：將諸如都市瓦斯、LNG、C氣體等氣體燃料，直接依高濃度狀態吐出於大氣中，而與周遭空氣相混合，經被稀釋為既定濃度之後，才導入裝入層中的正上方吹入方式；或預先將大氣與氣體燃料進行混合，而稀釋至既定濃度，再從裝入層上方進行供應的預混合吹入方式(所謂「預混形式」)。表3所示係上述二方式的得失評估。正上方吹入方式係若依亂流燃燒速度以上的速度吐出氣體燃料，便可輕易地防止逆火，但當將氣體燃料與周遭大氣相混合而進行稀釋之際，將容易發生濃度不均情形，引發異常燃燒的可能性將較高於預混合吹入方式。但是，當包括設備成本在內的綜合性評估時，都市瓦斯(LNG)的正上方吹入方式將屬最優。Further, a method of supplying the above-mentioned concentration of the diluted gaseous fuel to the charging layer is, for example, discharging gaseous fuel such as urban gas, LNG, and C gas directly into the atmosphere in a high concentration state, and mixing with the surrounding air. After being diluted to a predetermined concentration, it is introduced into the loading layer directly above the filling mode; or the atmosphere is mixed with the gaseous fuel in advance, diluted to a predetermined concentration, and then pre-mixed blowing is supplied from above the loading layer. Entry method (the so-called "premixed form"). Table 3 shows the evaluation of the gains and losses of the above two methods. If the gas is blown out at a speed higher than the turbulent burning rate, the backfire can be easily prevented. However, when the gaseous fuel is mixed with the surrounding atmosphere to be diluted, the concentration unevenness is likely to occur. The possibility of causing abnormal combustion will be higher than that of premixed blowing. However, when comprehensive assessments include equipment costs, the way in which the city gas (LNG) is blown directly above will be optimal.
供應氣體燃料的裝置係例如圖7所示，沿托板寬度方向配設複數氣體燃料供應管，並在該管中設置吐出氣體燃料的狹縫或開口、或設置已安裝噴嘴的氣體燃料供應手段，或如圖8所示，沿托板進行方向配設複數氣體燃料供應管，並在該管中設置吐出氣體燃料的狹縫或開口、或設置已安裝噴嘴的氣體燃料供應手段。The apparatus for supplying gaseous fuel is, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of gas fuel supply pipes are disposed along the width direction of the pallet, and a slit or opening for discharging the gaseous fuel or a gas fuel supply means for installing the nozzle is disposed in the pipe. Or, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of gas fuel supply pipes are disposed along the direction of the pallet, and a slit or opening for discharging the gaseous fuel or a gas fuel supply means for installing the nozzle is provided in the pipe.
其次，針對本發明燒結礦之製造方法中，對裝入層中所供應稀釋氣體燃料的種類進行說明。Next, in the method for producing a sintered ore according to the present invention, the type of the diluted gaseous fuel supplied in the packed bed will be described.
表4所示係製鐵業所使用氣體燃料[都市瓦斯、焦炭爐氣體(C氣體)、高爐氣體(B氣體)]的燃燒下限濃度、供應濃度等。供應至燒結原料中時的氣體燃料濃度，就從防止***、火災(著火)的觀點，燃燒下限濃度係越低越安全。就此點而言，都市瓦斯係使用以甲烷為主成分的天然瓦斯(LNG)，雖燃燒下限濃度近似於C氣體，但因為熱量高於C氣體，因而可降低供應濃度。所以，就確保安全性而言，可降低供應濃度的都市瓦斯優於C氣體。Table 4 shows the lower limit of combustion concentration, supply concentration, and the like of the gaseous fuel [urban gas, coke oven gas (C gas), blast furnace gas (B gas)] used in the iron industry. The concentration of the gaseous fuel supplied to the sintered raw material is safer from the viewpoint of preventing explosion and fire (ignition). In this regard, the urban gas system uses natural gas (LNG) mainly composed of methane, and although the lower limit of combustion is similar to that of C gas, since the amount of heat is higher than that of C gas, the supply concentration can be lowered. Therefore, in terms of ensuring safety, the urban gas which can reduce the supply concentration is superior to the C gas.
表5所示係氣體燃料中所含的燃燒成分(氫、CO、甲烷)、與該等成分的燃燒下限‧上限濃度、層流、亂流時的燃燒速度等。為防止燒結中從氣體燃料供應裝置所供應氣體燃料發生著火情形，必須達防止逆火情況。所以，可認為若能將氣體燃料至少在層流燃燒速度以上、較佳為亂流燃燒速度以上的高速進行吐出便可。例如以甲烷為主成分的都市瓦斯之情況，若依超過3.7m/s的速度吐出，便不會有逆火的威脅。另一方面，因為氫氣的亂流燃燒速度快於CO與甲烷，因而為防止逆火，此部分便必須依高速吐出。就此點而言，未含氫的都市瓦斯(LNG)，相較於含有氫達59vol%的C氣體，將可減慢吐出速度。且，因為都市瓦斯並未含有CO，因此不會有引發瓦斯中毒的威脅。所以，都市瓦斯(LNG)就本發明所使用的氣體燃料，可謂具有較佳特性。Table 5 shows the combustion components (hydrogen, CO, methane) contained in the gaseous fuel, the lower limit of combustion of the components, the upper limit concentration, the laminar flow, and the burning speed at the time of turbulent flow. In order to prevent a fire in the gas fuel supplied from the gas fuel supply device during sintering, it is necessary to prevent the backfire. Therefore, it can be considered that the gaseous fuel can be discharged at a high speed at least above the laminar burning rate, preferably at a turbulent burning rate. For example, in the case of urban gas with methane as the main component, if it is spouted at a speed exceeding 3.7 m/s, there will be no threat of backfire. On the other hand, since the turbulent flow of hydrogen is faster than CO and methane, in order to prevent backfire, this portion must be discharged at a high speed. In this regard, urban gas (LNG) without hydrogen will slow down the discharge rate compared to C gas containing 59 vol% hydrogen. Moreover, because urban gas does not contain CO, there is no threat of gas poisoning. Therefore, urban gas (LNG) has better characteristics as the gaseous fuel used in the present invention.
本發明中，可供應至裝入層中的氣體燃料，係除上述都市瓦斯(LNG)之外，尚可使用例如：B氣體、C氣體、CO氣體、乙烷氣體、丙烷氣體、丁烷氣體、或該等的混合氣體中任一者。但，當使用B氣體或C氣體的情況，必須另外講求提高氣體吐出速度及CO對策。In the present invention, the gaseous fuel that can be supplied to the charging layer can be used in addition to the above-mentioned urban gas (LNG), for example, B gas, C gas, CO gas, ethane gas, propane gas, butane gas. Or any of these mixed gases. However, when B gas or C gas is used, it is necessary to additionally increase the gas discharge rate and the CO countermeasure.
其次，針對本發明燒結礦之製造方法所供應稀釋氣體燃料的濃度進行說明。Next, the concentration of the diluted gaseous fuel supplied to the method for producing the sintered ore of the present invention will be described.
本發明製造方法中，導入裝入層中的稀釋氣體燃料，較佳係將其中所含可燃性氣體(燃燒成分)的濃度，稀釋為大氣中常溫下的燃燒下限濃度之3/4(75%)以下。理由係對裝入層上部供應高濃度可燃性氣體時，會有遭致***性燃燒的可能性，因而必須採取下述事項：設為至少常溫下，即便有火種仍不會燃燒的狀態；在裝入層中完全不會燃燒，且即便依未燃燒狀態到達位於風箱下游的電集塵器等，仍不會因電集塵器的放電而有發生燃燒的威脅；以及稀釋至不會有因稀釋氣體燃料的燃燒而消耗氧，導致燒結原料用中所含的總燃料(炭材+氣體燃料)燃燒必要的氧不足，而發生燃燒不足之程度。In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the dilute gas fuel introduced into the packed bed is preferably diluted to a concentration of 3/4 (75%) of the lower limit of combustion at normal temperature in the atmosphere in the concentration of the combustible gas (combustion component) contained therein. )the following. The reason is that when a high-concentration combustible gas is supplied to the upper portion of the packed bed, there is a possibility of explosive combustion. Therefore, it is necessary to take the following matters: at least at normal temperature, even if there is a fire, it will not burn; It will not burn at all in the layer, and even if it reaches the electric dust collector located downstream of the bellows according to the unburned state, there will be no threat of combustion due to the discharge of the electric dust collector; The combustion of the diluted gaseous fuel consumes oxygen, and the total amount of fuel (carbon material + gaseous fuel) contained in the sintering raw material is insufficient for combustion, and the degree of combustion is insufficient.
另一方面，稀釋氣體燃料的下限濃度較佳係燃燒下限濃度的1%以上。理由係若未滿燃燒下限濃度的1%，因燃燒所造成的發熱量嫌不足，且無法獲得燒結礦的強度提升與良率改善效果。On the other hand, the lower limit concentration of the diluted gaseous fuel is preferably 1% or more of the lower limit of the combustion concentration. The reason is that if the concentration of the lower limit of combustion is less than 1%, the amount of heat generated by combustion is insufficient, and the strength improvement and yield improvement effect of the sintered ore cannot be obtained.
由以上現象得知，本發明對裝入層所供應稀釋氣體燃料的濃度，較佳係設為燃燒下限濃度的1~75%範圍內。此現象，若就天然瓦斯(LNG)而言，因為LNG的燃燒下限濃度係4.8vol%(參照表4)，因而稀釋氣體燃料的濃度較佳係0.05~3.6vol%範圍內。From the above phenomenon, it is understood that the concentration of the diluted gaseous fuel supplied to the packed bed of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 75% of the lower limit of the combustion concentration. In this case, in the case of natural gas (LNG), since the lower limit of combustion concentration of LNG is 4.8 vol% (refer to Table 4), the concentration of the diluted gaseous fuel is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 3.6 vol%.
其次，針對本發明燒結礦之製造方法中，將裝入層內的最高到達溫度設為不超過1380℃，而是控制於1200~1380℃溫度範圍內的必要性進行說明。Next, in the method for producing a sintered ore according to the present invention, the necessity of controlling the maximum temperature in the packed bed to not exceed 1380 ° C and controlling the temperature in the range of 1200 to 1380 ° C will be described.
根據「礦物工學」(今井秀喜、武內壽久禰、藤木良規編、1976、175、朝倉書店)，燒結反應係整理如圖9的示意圖。此外，表6所示係燒結過程所生成各種礦物的拉伸強度(冷軋強度)與被還原性之值。由圖9中得知，在燒結過程中，於1200℃下便開始生成融液，並生成燒結礦的構成礦物中屬最高強度且被還原性較高的鈣鐵礦。若更進行升溫而超過約1380℃，便分解為冷軋強度與被還原性最低的非晶質矽酸鹽(矽酸鈣)、與容易還原粉化的次生赤鐵礦。所以，為能安定地獲得燒結礦的冷軋強度與被還原性(RI)均優異的燒結礦，在燒結過程中，使依1200℃以上的溫度所獲得鈣鐵礦，不要分解為矽酸鈣與次生赤鐵礦之事，便成為重要關鍵。According to "Polyline Engineering" (Imai Hideki, Takeuchi Sakuji, Fujiki Ryo, 1976, 175, Asakura Bookstore), the sintering reaction is organized as shown in Fig. 9. Further, Table 6 shows the values of tensile strength (cold rolling strength) and reducibility of various minerals formed during the sintering process. It is known from Fig. 9 that during the sintering process, the melt is started to be formed at 1200 ° C, and the perovskite which is the highest strength and has high reduction property among the constituent minerals of the sintered ore is formed. When the temperature is raised more than about 1380 ° C, it is decomposed into amorphous citrate (calcium ruthenate) having the lowest cold rolling strength and reducing property, and secondary hematite which is easily reductively pulverized. Therefore, in order to stably obtain the sintered ore with excellent cold rolling strength and reduction (RI) of the sintered ore, in the sintering process, the calcium iron ore obtained at a temperature of 1200 ° C or higher is not decomposed into calcium citrate. With the secondary hematite, it has become an important key.
再者，根據上述出版物「礦物工學」，針對成為燒結礦還原粉化起點的次生赤鐵礦析出行為，從礦物合成試驗的結果，利用圖10所示狀態圖進行說明。根據此項說明，成為還原粉化起點的骸晶狀次生赤鐵礦，係升溫至Mag.ss+Liq.域再經冷卻後析出，因此在狀態圖上，並非(1)的路徑，而是經由(2)的路徑進行燒結礦的製造，藉此便可抑制還原粉化。Furthermore, according to the publication "Polymer Engineering", the precipitation behavior of the secondary hematite which is the starting point of the sinter reduction pulverization is described from the results of the mineral synthesis test using the state diagram shown in FIG. According to this description, the twin-shaped secondary hematite which becomes the starting point of the reduction pulverization is heated to the Mag.ss+Liq. domain and then precipitated after cooling. Therefore, in the state diagram, it is not the path of (1). The production of the sintered ore is carried out via the path of (2), whereby the reduction pulverization can be suppressed.
所以，為能獲得還原粉化性(RDI)優異、且高強度、被還原性優異的燒結礦，必須將燒結時的裝入層內最高到達溫度設為不超過1380℃，將裝入層內的溫度控制於1200℃(鈣鐵礦的固相線溫度)~1380℃(轉移溫度)範圍內。Therefore, in order to obtain a sintered ore which is excellent in reduction pulverization (RDI) and which is excellent in high strength and reductive property, it is necessary to set the maximum temperature reached in the packed layer at the time of sintering to not more than 1380 ° C. The temperature is controlled at 1200 ° C (solidus temperature of the calcium iron ore) ~ 1380 ° C (transfer temperature).
再者，鈣鐵礦的生成係如前述，依存於在1200℃以上溫度中所保持的時間，正確而言，係在1200~1380℃範圍內的保持溫度與時間之乘積。所以，為能獲得高強度且被還原性佳、低RDI的燒結礦，如何實現將燒結時的裝入層內溫度形成長時間保持於1200~1380℃範圍內的加熱型態，便屬課題。在此，本發明為能確保燒結所必要的熱源，並延長燒結時裝入層內溫度保持於1200~1380℃溫度範圍內的時間，除炭材之外，更進一步採取將稀釋氣體燃料供應給裝入層內的燒結方法。Further, the formation of the calcium iron ore is as described above, depending on the time held at a temperature of 1200 ° C or higher, and correctly, the product of the holding temperature in the range of 1200 to 1380 ° C and time. Therefore, in order to obtain a sintered ore having high strength and good reductibility and low RDI, it is a problem to realize a heating type in which the temperature in the charged layer during sintering is maintained in the range of 1200 to 1380 ° C for a long period of time. Here, the present invention is a heat source necessary for ensuring sintering, and prolongs the time during which the temperature in the charged layer is maintained in the temperature range of 1200 to 1380 ° C during the sintering, and further supplies the diluent gas fuel to the package in addition to the carbon material. Sintering method into the layer.
圖11(b)所示係在使用透明石英製試驗鍋的燒結試驗中，稀釋氣體燃料在有供應情況與無供應情況時，裝入層中就圖11(a)中依●所示位置的溫度與時間間之關係比較。圖中的虛線係在燒結原料中調配入炭材的焦炭5mass%，但未施行氣體燃料供應時的例子，得知燃燒‧熔融帶在通過上述點之時的裝入層內溫度，係在對燒結屬有效的1200℃以上溫度中保持2分鐘左右。另一方面，圖中的實線所示係依熱量換算計，將形成焦炭相當於0.4mass%量的LNG供應至裝入層中，而此部分將減少燒結原料中的炭材(焦炭)量而形成4.6mass%，當將總熱量設為一定時的例子。此情況下，對裝入層中所供應的稀釋氣體燃料係在較焦炭的燃燒位置(燃燒帶)更靠上層側，即已通過燃燒帶而溫度開始降低的區域進行燃燒，此區域經再加熱的結果，便可大幅延長在對燒結屬有效的1200℃以上溫度中保持的時間。且，該延長係儘管隨氣體燃料的供應而減少焦炭量，氣體燃燒‧熔融帶通過時的裝入層內最高到達溫度，仍可實現不會導致焦炭強度降低、或上升至超過1380℃的溫度。Figure 11 (b) shows the sintering test using a transparent quartz test pot. When the diluted gaseous fuel is supplied and not supplied, it is placed in the layer as shown in Figure 11(a). The relationship between temperature and time is compared. The dotted line in the figure is an example in which the coke of the carbon material is blended in the sintering raw material by 5 mass%, but the gas fuel supply is not applied, and it is known that the temperature of the burning ‧ melting zone at the time of passing through the above-mentioned point is Sintering is effective at a temperature above 1200 ° C for about 2 minutes. On the other hand, the solid line in the figure shows that the amount of LNG which is equivalent to 0.4 mass% of coke is supplied to the packed bed in terms of calorific value, and this portion reduces the amount of carbon (coke) in the sintered raw material. The example is 4.6 mass%, when the total heat is set to be constant. In this case, the dilution gas fuel supplied to the charging layer is burned on the upper side of the combustion position (combustion zone) of the coke, that is, the region where the temperature has begun to decrease through the combustion zone, and the region is reheated. As a result, the time maintained in the temperature above 1200 ° C which is effective for the sintering is greatly extended. Moreover, although the elongation is reduced by the supply of gaseous fuel, the gas is burned, and the highest temperature in the charged layer when the molten zone passes through can still achieve a temperature that does not cause a decrease in coke strength or rises above 1380 °C. .
再者，圖12所示係圖11所示燒結實驗中，就裝入層中的焦炭量、所供應氣體燃料(LNG)的濃度、及供應位置，改變4種水準並施行燒結實驗的結果，圖12(a)所示係裝入層內的焦炭及氣體燃料進行燃燒的時間位置，圖12(b)所示係上述燃燒的結果，圖12(a)中依●記號所示裝入層內位置的溫度時間推移。此外，圖12(b)所示水準A的曲線(細實線)係燒結原料中含有炭材的焦炭5mass%，且完全未施行氣體燃料供應例的溫度變化。且，水準B的曲線(細虛線)係供應經稀釋為0.1vol%的LNG，並將焦炭降低至4.6mass%的例子。此例中，LNG的稀釋濃度低至0.1vol%，因為發熱量較少，因而無法充分彌補因焦炭減少所造成的熱量不足情形，導致氣體燃料供應效果不足。此外，水準D的曲線(粗虛線)係供應稀釋為4.0vol%的LNG，並將焦炭降低至4.6mass%的例子，稀釋氣體燃料的燃燒溫度係依存於溫度，濃度越高，別燃燒溫度越低。所以，4.0vol%的LNG將在大幅乖離焦炭燃燒位置，於完成燒結且溫度已降低的裝入層上層部進行燃燒，因而裝入層內溫度雖出現有2個尖峰，但並無關聯於對燒結屬有效的1200℃以上溫度之延長。相對於此，水準C的曲線(粗實線)係供應經稀釋為0.4vol%的LNG，將焦炭減少為4.6mass%的情況。此情況下，稀釋氣體燃料的燃燒溫度將移往高溫側，因而焦炭燃燒與LNG燃燒等二者效果將重疊，導致1200℃以上溫度中的保持時間，相較於水準A、B及C之情況，呈現大幅延長。Further, in the sintering experiment shown in Fig. 11, in Fig. 12, the amount of coke charged in the layer, the concentration of the supplied gaseous fuel (LNG), and the supply position were changed, and the results of the sintering test were performed by changing the four levels. Fig. 12(a) shows the time position at which the coke and gaseous fuel charged in the layer are burned, and Fig. 12(b) shows the result of the above combustion, and the layer is filled in the layer shown in Fig. 12(a). The temperature of the inner position is timed. Further, the curve (thin solid line) of the level A shown in Fig. 12(b) is 5 mass% of coke containing a carbon material in the sintered raw material, and the temperature change of the gas fuel supply example is not performed at all. Further, the curve of the level B (thin broken line) is an example of supplying LNG diluted to 0.1 vol% and reducing coke to 4.6 mass%. In this case, the dilution concentration of LNG is as low as 0.1 vol%, because the amount of heat generation is small, and thus the insufficient heat due to the reduction of coke cannot be fully compensated, resulting in insufficient gas fuel supply effect. In addition, the curve of the level D (thick broken line) is an example of supplying LNG diluted to 4.0 vol% and reducing coke to 4.6 mass%. The combustion temperature of the diluted gas fuel depends on the temperature, and the higher the concentration, the higher the combustion temperature. low. Therefore, 4.0 vol% of LNG will be burned away from the coke burning position, and the upper layer of the packed bed where sintering has been completed and the temperature has been lowered, so that there are two peaks in the temperature of the charged layer, but it is not related to the pair. Sintering is an effective extension of temperatures above 1200 °C. On the other hand, the curve of the level C (thick solid line) is a case where LNG diluted to 0.4 vol% is supplied, and coke is reduced to 4.6 mass%. In this case, the combustion temperature of the dilute gas fuel will shift to the high temperature side, so the effects of coke combustion and LNG combustion will overlap, resulting in a holding time in the temperature above 1200 ° C, compared to the levels A, B and C. , the presentation is greatly extended.
由該等結果可期待利用稀釋氣體燃料的供應，更進一步促進燒結而提高燒結礦強度，且提升良率與生產性，同時亦將提高燒結礦的被還原性，但為能達成此情況，必須配合氣體燃料的供應量，削減所添加的炭材量，將裝入層內的最高到達溫度控制於1200~1380℃範圍內。緣是，根據發明者等的調查，為能獲得充分燒結強度與被還原性，以及低還原粉化性的燒結礦，必須在1200~1380℃溫度範圍內至少保持2分鐘、較佳3分鐘以上、更佳5分鐘以上。From these results, it is expected that the supply of the dilute gas fuel can be expected to further promote the sintering to increase the strength of the sintered ore, and the yield and productivity are improved, and the reduction of the sintered ore is also improved, but in order to achieve this, it is necessary to achieve this. In accordance with the supply of gaseous fuel, the amount of carbon added is reduced, and the maximum temperature reached in the layer is controlled within the range of 1200 to 1380 °C. According to the investigation by the inventors, in order to obtain a sintered ore having sufficient sintering strength and reducibility and low reduction powdering property, it is necessary to maintain the temperature in the range of 1200 to 1380 ° C for at least 2 minutes, preferably for 3 minutes or more. More preferably 5 minutes or more.
但是，供應氣體燃料時應注意事項係習知僅將焦炭使用為炭材的情況，雖利用焦炭的燃燒熱而確保上述燒結溫度，但若含有與習知同量的炭材並對裝入層內施行稀釋氣體燃料供應，則因氣體燃料的燃燒熱，便會使燒結時的最高到達溫度上升，導致無法將裝入層內的溫度維持於上述適當溫度範圍(1200~1380℃)內，而會生成燒結強度較低的鈣鐵礦，導致良率與被還原性降低。所以，認為最好配合所供應的氣體燃料，減少燒結原料中所調配入的炭材量。此外，若能削減炭材量，則不僅可降低炭材成本，亦可削減燒結步驟中所生成的二氧化碳量。However, in the case of supplying a gaseous fuel, it is conventionally known that coke is used only as a carbon material, and the above-mentioned sintering temperature is ensured by using the combustion heat of coke, but if it contains the same amount of carbon as the conventional one, it is loaded into the layer. When the dilution gas fuel supply is performed internally, the maximum temperature reached during sintering will increase due to the heat of combustion of the gaseous fuel, and the temperature in the charging layer cannot be maintained within the above-mentioned appropriate temperature range (1200 to 1380 ° C). Calcium ore with a lower sintering strength is produced, resulting in a decrease in yield and reduction. Therefore, it is considered that it is preferable to mix the supplied gaseous fuel to reduce the amount of carbon material blended in the sintering raw material. Further, if the amount of the carbon material can be reduced, the cost of the carbon material can be reduced, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated in the sintering step can be reduced.
在此，就與對裝入層內所供應之稀釋氣體燃料間之關係，為確認在燒結原料中所含炭材調配量的適當範圍，便使用300Φ ×400mmH透明石英製試驗鍋，在含有炭材的粉焦炭之燒結原料中，氣體燃料係使用將LNG稀釋為0.6vol%的稀釋氣體燃料，並施行該氣體燃料供應4分鐘的燒結實驗。另外，燒結原料中所含炭材量係如表7所示，當氣體燃料無吹入的情況係為5.0mass%，而當氣體燃料有吹入的情況便在4.8~4.0mass%間進行變化，調查所供應氣體燃料的燃燒熱、與相當於所削減炭材量的燃燒熱、以及燒結礦品質與生產性間之關係。Here, in order to confirm the appropriate range of the amount of carbon contained in the sintered raw material, the relationship between the amount of the carbonaceous material contained in the sintered raw material is determined, and a 300 Φ × 400 mmH transparent quartz test pot is used. In the sintering raw material of the powdered coke of the carbon material, the gaseous fuel was a diluted gas fuel in which LNG was diluted to 0.6 vol%, and the sintering test of the gas fuel supply was performed for 4 minutes. In addition, the amount of carbon contained in the sintered raw material is as shown in Table 7, and the case where the gaseous fuel is not blown is 5.0 mass%, and when the gaseous fuel is blown, it varies between 4.8 and 4.0 mass%. Investigate the relationship between the heat of combustion of the supplied gaseous fuel, the heat of combustion corresponding to the amount of carbon to be reduced, and the quality and productivity of the sintered ore.
上述鍋試驗的結果合併記於表7中。此外，將所供應氣體燃料的燃燒熱設為A，將相當於所削減炭材量的燃燒熱設為B時，並將B對A的比(B/A)定義為取代率時，該取代率B/A、與燒結礦品質(碎裂強度、被還原性)、成品良率及生產率間之關係，如圖13所示。另外，碎裂強度係根據JIS M8711進行測定，且被還原性係根據JIS M8713進行測定。The results of the above pot test are combined in Table 7. Further, when the combustion heat of the supplied gaseous fuel is A, the combustion heat corresponding to the amount of the carbon material to be reduced is B, and the ratio of B to A (B/A) is defined as the substitution ratio, the substitution The relationship between the rate B/A, the quality of the sintered ore (crushing strength, reducedness), the yield of the finished product, and the productivity is shown in FIG. Further, the crushing strength was measured in accordance with JIS M8711, and the reducing property was measured in accordance with JIS M8713.
由圖13中得知，至少當供應氣體燃料而進行燒結礦製造的情況，即便燒結原料中的炭材量削減至少於未供應氣體燃料時，燒結礦的品質特性(強度、被還原性)與生產性均不會有任何不良影響，反將提升燒結礦品質特性與生產性，特別係即使將取代率B/A設為1以上，即削減相當於氣體燃料供應步驟中所供應稀釋氣體燃料之燃燒熱的量以上之炭材，仍會提升燒結礦品質特性(強度、被還原性)與生產性。且，由圖13中得知，炭材削減量係即便將取代率B/A設為5左右，而大幅削減炭材量，仍可充分顯現出氣體燃料供應的效果。即，確認到為將裝入層內的溫度維持於1200~1380℃區域，俾不致生成非晶質矽酸鈣，便必須削減相當於氣體燃料供應步驟所供應氣體燃料之燃燒熱的量以上之炭材。As is apparent from Fig. 13, in the case where sinter production is carried out at least when gaseous fuel is supplied, the quality characteristics (strength, reducibility) of the sinter are compared with the case where the amount of the carbon material in the sinter raw material is reduced at least when the gaseous fuel is not supplied. There is no adverse effect on the productivity, which will improve the quality characteristics and productivity of the sinter, especially if the substitution rate B/A is set to 1 or more, that is, the reduction of the diluted gas fuel supplied in the gas fuel supply step. The charcoal material with a burning heat amount will still improve the quality characteristics (strength, reducibility) and productivity of the sintered ore. In addition, as shown in FIG. 13, the carbon material reduction amount can sufficiently exhibit the effect of the gas fuel supply even if the substitution ratio B/A is set to about 5 and the amount of the carbon material is greatly reduced. In other words, it has been confirmed that in order to maintain the temperature in the charged layer at a temperature of 1200 to 1380 ° C, it is necessary to reduce the amount of combustion heat corresponding to the gaseous fuel supplied in the gas fuel supply step, without causing the formation of amorphous calcium citrate. Carbon material.
如上述，即便削減相當於所供應稀釋氣體燃料的燃燒熱之量以上的炭材，因而減少氣體燃料與炭材的合計燃燒熱，但仍可提升燒結礦品質特性與生產性的理由，係如前述圖11與圖12中所得知，對裝入層中所供應的稀釋氣體燃料將在較焦炭燃燒位置(燃燒帶)更靠上層側，即已通過燃燒帶而溫度開始降低的區域進行燃燒，該區域經再加熱的結果，當通過氣體燃燒‧熔融帶時，裝入層內的溫度便會導致焦炭強度降低，不會上升至超過1380℃的溫度，可大幅延長保持於對燒結屬有效的1200℃以上溫度中之保持時間。As described above, even if the carbon material corresponding to the amount of combustion heat of the supplied diluted gas fuel is reduced, the total combustion heat of the gaseous fuel and the carbon material is reduced, but the reason for the quality characteristics and productivity of the sintered ore can be improved. As seen in the foregoing Figures 11 and 12, the dilution gas fuel supplied to the charging layer will be burned on the upper side of the coke burning position (combustion zone), i.e., the zone where the temperature has begun to decrease through the combustion zone, As a result of reheating in this area, when the gas is burned by the gas, the temperature in the layer will cause the coke strength to decrease, and will not rise to a temperature exceeding 1380 ° C, which can be greatly extended to be effective for sintering. The holding time in the temperature above 1200 °C.
但，若過度削減炭材量，即取代率B/A過大，氣體燃料與炭材的合計燃燒熱便會過度降低，導致燒結礦的品質特性與生產性降低。另外，氣體燃料的供應效果係即便取代率B/A達10以上仍可發現，其上限係如後述實施例所說明，設為15左右。所以，燒結原料中的炭材量較佳係配合所供應的氣體燃料，依取代率B/A成為1~15範圍的方式進行削減、更佳為1.5~10、特佳為2~6範圍內。However, if the amount of carbon material is excessively reduced, that is, the substitution ratio B/A is too large, the total combustion heat of the gaseous fuel and the carbon material is excessively lowered, resulting in deterioration of the quality characteristics and productivity of the sintered ore. Further, the gas fuel supply effect can be found even when the substitution ratio B/A is 10 or more, and the upper limit is about 15 as described in the examples below. Therefore, the amount of the carbon material in the sintered raw material is preferably adjusted in accordance with the supplied gaseous fuel, and is reduced in a range of 1 to 15 in the substitution ratio B/A, more preferably 1.5 to 10, and particularly preferably in the range of 2 to 6. .
依如上述，根據本發明，因為可削減相當於所供應氣體燃料的燃燒熱之量以上的炭材，因而除可廉價地實現燒結礦品質改善與生產性提升之外，尚可大幅削減因炭材燃燒所生成的二氧化碳量。所以，本發明可謂對地球環境屬優異的環境調和型技術。According to the present invention, since the carbon material corresponding to the amount of combustion heat of the supplied gaseous fuel can be reduced, the quality of the sintered ore can be improved and the productivity can be improved at a low cost, and the carbon can be greatly reduced. The amount of carbon dioxide produced by the burning of the material. Therefore, the present invention is an environmentally harmonized technology that is excellent for the global environment.
使用設有如圖14所示之氣體燃料供應設備的實機燒結機，依表8所示條件，施行表中所示氣體燃料吹入，同時削減燒結原料中之炭材量的燒結實驗，而確認對燒結礦品質(轉鼓強度、被還原性)的影響。Using a solid-state sintering machine equipped with a gas fuel supply device as shown in Fig. 14, according to the conditions shown in Table 8, the gas-fuel injection shown in the table is blown in, and the sintering experiment in which the amount of the carbon material in the sintered raw material is reduced is confirmed. The effect on the quality of the sinter (drum strength, reduction).
另外，轉鼓強度係最廣泛使用為表示依實機燒結機所獲得燒結礦強度的指標，在與碎裂強度間具強烈關聯關係。該轉鼓強度TI係根據JIS M8712，使試料在旋轉轉筒內進行旋轉，並利用6.3mm的篩進行篩分，並從提供試驗的試料質量、與經試驗後的+6.3mm試料質量之比求出。此外，被還原性係根據JIS M8713，將經篩分為19.0~22.4mm的500g燒結礦試料，於900℃下，利用含有CO：30vol%、N2 ：70vol%的還原氣體施行180分鐘還原後，再依還原氧量對還原前的被還原氧量之比例求出。In addition, the drum strength is most widely used as an index indicating the strength of the sintered ore obtained by the actual sintering machine, and has a strong correlation with the fracture strength. The drum strength TI is based on JIS M8712, and the sample is rotated in a rotating drum and sieved by a 6.3 mm sieve, and the ratio of the quality of the sample provided for the test to the mass of the sample after the test is +6.3 mm. Find out. Further, according to JIS M8713, a 500 g sinter sample which is sieved into 19.0 to 22.4 mm is subjected to reduction at 900 ° C for 180 minutes using a reducing gas containing CO: 30 vol% and N 2 : 70 vol%. Then, the ratio of the amount of reduced oxygen to the amount of reduced oxygen before reduction is determined.
上述實機試驗的結果合併記於表8中，且當將所供應稀釋氣體燃料的燃燒熱設為A，將相當於所削減炭材量的燃燒熱設為B時，取代率B/A與燒結礦品質(轉鼓強度TI、被還原性RI)間之關係，如圖15所示。由該等結果得知，鍋試驗中，藉由將氣體燃料的燃燒熱A、與相當於削減炭材量的燃燒熱B之比(取代率B/A)設為1~15範圍內，便可獲得經提高強度與被還原性的燒結礦。The results of the actual machine test are summarized in Table 8, and when the combustion heat of the supplied diluted gaseous fuel is A, and the combustion heat corresponding to the amount of the carbon material to be reduced is B, the substitution ratio B/A and The relationship between the sinter quality (drum strength TI, reduced RI) is shown in FIG. From these results, in the pot test, by setting the ratio of the combustion heat A of the gaseous fuel to the combustion heat B corresponding to the amount of the carbon material (the substitution ratio B/A) within the range of 1 to 15, A sintered ore having improved strength and reduced properties can be obtained.
1‧‧‧原料料斗1‧‧‧Material hopper
2、3‧‧‧轉筒混合機2, 3‧‧‧Turn mixer
4‧‧‧床敷礦料斗4‧‧‧ Bedding hopper
5‧‧‧接料桶5‧‧‧ receiving bucket
6‧‧‧筒式進料器6‧‧‧Tubular feeder
7‧‧‧切取斜槽7‧‧‧Cut the chute
8‧‧‧托板8‧‧‧ pallet
9‧‧‧裝入層9‧‧‧Loading layer
10‧‧‧點火爐10‧‧‧Ignition furnace
11‧‧‧風箱11‧‧‧ bellows
圖1為燒結礦的製造步驟說明圖。Fig. 1 is an explanatory view of a manufacturing step of a sintered ore.
圖2為燒結時，裝入層內的壓力損耗與溫度分佈說明圖。Fig. 2 is a graph showing the pressure loss and temperature distribution in the packed layer during sintering.
圖3為燒結礦的生產性高與低時，裝入層內溫度的時間推移比較圖。Fig. 3 is a graph showing the time transition of the temperature charged in the layer when the productivity of the sintered ore is high and low.
圖4為裝入層的燒結進行過程之示意說明圖。Fig. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing the progress of sintering of the packed layer.
圖5為裝入層上層部、中層部及下層部中，燒結時的溫度分佈、與裝入層寬度方向截面內的燒結礦良率分佈說明圖。Fig. 5 is an explanatory view showing a temperature distribution during sintering and a distribution of sinter yield in a cross section in the width direction of the packed layer in the upper layer portion, the middle layer portion, and the lower layer portion of the layer.
圖6為稀釋氣體燃料的供應方法比較時，所使用之試驗裝置的說明圖。Fig. 6 is an explanatory view of a test apparatus used when comparing methods of supplying diluted gas fuel.
圖7為本發明的氣體燃料供應裝置一例說明圖。Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a gas fuel supply device of the present invention.
圖8為本發明的氣體燃料供應裝置另一例說明圖。Fig. 8 is an explanatory view showing another example of the gas fuel supply device of the present invention.
圖9為燒結反應的說明圖。Fig. 9 is an explanatory view of a sintering reaction.
圖10為生成骸晶狀次生赤鐵礦的過程說明狀態圖。Figure 10 is a process state diagram for the formation of twin crystalline hematite.
圖11為對裝入層內的溫度分佈造成影響之氣體燃料供應效果之說明圖。Fig. 11 is an explanatory view showing the effect of gas fuel supply which affects the temperature distribution in the layer.
圖12為稀釋氣體燃料的供應條件濃度、供應位置，對裝入層內的溫度分佈所造成影響的說明圖。Fig. 12 is an explanatory view showing the influence of the supply condition concentration and the supply position of the diluted gaseous fuel on the temperature distribution in the packed bed.
圖13為鍋試驗中，表示氣體燃料的燃燒熱A、與相當於削減炭材量的燃燒熱B之比(取代率B/A)，在與燒結礦品質間之關係圖。Fig. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the combustion heat A of the gaseous fuel and the combustion heat B corresponding to the amount of the carbon material (substitution rate B/A) in the pot test, and the quality of the sintered ore.
圖14為實施例的燒結實驗所使用的燒結機構造之說明圖。Fig. 14 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a sintering machine used in the sintering experiment of the embodiment.
圖15為實機燒結機中，表示氣體燃料燃燒熱A與相當於削減炭材量的燃燒熱B之比(取代率B/A)，在與燒結礦品質間之關係圖。Fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the combustion heat A of the gaseous fuel and the combustion heat B corresponding to the amount of the carbon material (substitution rate B/A) in the actual sintering machine, and the quality of the sintered ore.
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| WO2013186950A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Method for manufacturing sintered ore |
| CN103512351B (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2015-10-07 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Sintering device for metallized sinter and production method thereof |
| KR101974429B1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2019-05-02 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Method for producing sintered ore |
| AU2013291376B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2016-02-25 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Gaseous fuel supply apparatus for sintering machine |
| EP2924132B1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2020-05-06 | JFE Steel Corporation | Oxygen-gaseous fuel supply apparatus for sintering machine |
| CN104342550A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-11 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Coke oven coal gas assisted sintering method |
| JP6213734B2 (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2017-10-18 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Method for producing sintered ore |
| JP6295791B2 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2018-03-20 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Sinter ore production method and evaluation method of coal char or anthracite or semi-anthracite |
| CN110319694A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2019-10-11 | 高彦 | Sintering equipment and control method |
| CN114058840A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for improving quality of sinter by using combustible gas |
| CN115218670B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2024-06-07 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Method for assisting sintering by gas and steam intermittent injection |
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