TWI455440B - Load management strategy under micro-grid standalone mode - Google Patents
Load management strategy under micro-grid standalone mode Download PDFInfo
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本發明是有關於一種微電網獨立運轉下之負載管理裝置，尤指一種可利用能源管理系統將發電系統、儲能系統及負載系統之資料數據收集處理，並經運算後加以控制，使微電網系統運轉在孤島狀態下，由能源管理系統監控發電系統、儲能系統及負載系統，而達到動態卸載及同時具有均衡系統尖離峰負載之功效者。The invention relates to a load management device under the independent operation of a micro grid, in particular to an energy management system for collecting and processing data of a power generation system, an energy storage system and a load system, and controlling the microgrid after operation. The system operates in an isolated state, and the energy management system monitors the power generation system, the energy storage system, and the load system to achieve dynamic offloading and at the same time have the effect of balancing the peak off-peak load of the system.
按，台灣本土欠缺在地能源，99.3%的能源是由國外輸入的，因此，將分散式能源整合到電力網路中是未來的目標之一，其中微電網的建置可做為減少碳排放的近程手段。According to the lack of local energy in Taiwan, 99.3% of the energy is imported from abroad. Therefore, integrating decentralized energy into the power network is one of the future goals. The establishment of micro-grid can be used to reduce carbon emissions. Short-range means.
傳統的電力結構中採用火力、核能、水力等集中式電廠提供特高壓電網，再輸配電到高壓電網及低壓電網，也由於是集中式架構，只要電廠發生問題，影響範圍就很廣大；未來的電網將連結分散式發電設備，包括太陽能、風力和燃料電池等，並形成一個個的微電網系統。此一微電網系統既可與大電網並聯運轉，也可以獨立運作。微電網技術的開發可去除電力網負載過多的壓力並節省成本，同時還可巨幅改善電力網可靠度及安全性，並加速增加乾淨的能源發電，在這個系統中，透過配電自動化作法，能夠提升供電的彈性；透過自我修復功能，能夠提高電力系統的穩定度與供電品質。此外，微電網也有助於降低輸配電損失、提高能源安全及促進能源資通訊產業的發展。In the traditional power structure, centralized power plants such as firepower, nuclear power, and water power are used to provide UHV power grids, and then transmission and distribution to high-voltage power grids and low-voltage power grids. Because of the centralized architecture, as long as power plants have problems, the scope of influence will be vast; The grid will connect decentralized power generation equipment, including solar, wind and fuel cells, and form a microgrid system. This microgrid system can operate in parallel with the large grid or independently. The development of microgrid technology can remove the pressure of excessive load on the power grid and save costs. At the same time, it can greatly improve the reliability and safety of the power grid, and accelerate the increase of clean energy generation. In this system, the power supply can be improved through the power distribution automation method. Resilience; through self-healing, it can improve the stability and power quality of the power system. In addition, the microgrid will also help reduce transmission and distribution losses, improve energy security and promote the development of the energy and communications industry.
然而微電網最關鍵的技術就在於併網與獨立運轉模式的平穩切換，而且是處理單相的分析方式，在獨立運轉模式之下要能夠讓負載存活下來，所以必須要有一個能源管理系統(EMS)在微電網系統中扮演著非常重要的角色，該技術開發的挑戰性在於需具備以下特色自我癒合的能力，在電力干擾時可快速回應及修復，並可提供高品質電力及利用需量反應有效調整供電者與用戶間雙向通訊的電網狀況，可減少電費並降低對昂貴的尖載電廠及設施的需求；最終目標是要讓用戶能夠清楚用電狀況並自我控管，能夠將各種產能和儲能技術整合在一起，讓時間費率的用電經營模式能夠實現，若能將市場燃料資訊、時間電價資訊與能源管理系統結合，更可有效降低微電網系統的運轉成本，使其達到經濟最佳化的操作模式，進而發揮能源管理系統的最大功效，讓電力系統資產運用最佳化和更有效率，透過再生能源的發展，達到減碳排放的目標。However, the most critical technology of the microgrid lies in the smooth switching of the grid-connected and independent operation modes, and it is a single-phase analysis method. In the independent operation mode, the load can survive, so there must be an energy management system ( EMS) plays a very important role in the microgrid system. The challenge of this technology development is to have the following characteristics of self-healing, to respond and repair quickly in the event of power disturbances, and to provide high quality power and utilization requirements. The response effectively adjusts the grid status of the two-way communication between the power supplier and the user, which can reduce the electricity bill and reduce the demand for expensive tip-load power plants and facilities; the ultimate goal is to enable users to clearly understand the power usage and self-control, and to be able to handle various capacities. Integrated with energy storage technology, the time-rate electricity business model can be realized. If the market fuel information, time electricity price information and energy management system can be combined, the operating cost of the micro-grid system can be effectively reduced. Economically optimized operating mode, which in turn maximizes the effectiveness of the energy management system Asset management optimization and more efficient through the development of renewable energy sources, to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions.
當電網運轉於獨立供電模式時，由於供電及用電之間需加以平衡，如此才能平衡網內電力品質，系統內的負載量大於分散式發電機組的發電量，獨立電力孤島運轉區域之頻率將迅速下跌，如果未採取正確的卸載措施，將導致發電機跳脫，造成全配電系統斷電。適當的卸載策略將可挽救瀕於崩潰的電力孤島運轉，避免配電系統遭受全系統停電的危機，本發明就是針對微型電網負載管理提出一個監控管理的策略。When the power grid operates in the independent power supply mode, the balance between power supply and power consumption needs to be balanced, so that the power quality in the network can be balanced. The load in the system is greater than the power generation of the distributed generator set, and the frequency of the independent power island operation area will be A rapid decline, if the correct unloading measures are not taken, will cause the generator to trip, causing the power distribution system to be powered off. Appropriate unloading strategy will save the collapse of the power island operation and avoid the crisis of the whole system blackout. The present invention proposes a monitoring and management strategy for the micro grid load management.
傳統卸載方式採取低頻電驛之分段式卸載策略，該方法及利用保護電驛偵測到電網內頻率或電壓變動過大時，保護電驛就會將負載脫離，該方法對於傳統電力系統而言是以消極的跳脫保護概念為基礎，保護電驛內部分為量測及動作區，用途是 判斷線路是否發生故障，量測區塊透過感測元件取得線路上的電氣訊號，根據特定的演算法評斷故障產生與否，並將確知的故障訊號傳送至動作區塊使相關的開關跳脫，達到保護之功能。該方法對於微電網系統來說不具有彈性，對於微電網系統架構而言，負載管理系統必須不只可以做到跳脫保護，還必須可以做到動態調節及智慧性的雙向溝通及彈性供電能力，透過需求回應(Demand Response)和時間電費等方式來降低尖峰負載，才可以確保重要敏感性負載的持續運轉，提高負載用電可靠度。The traditional unloading method adopts a segmented unloading strategy of low-frequency power, and the method and the use of the protective power to detect that the frequency or voltage variation in the power grid is excessively large, the protection power will remove the load, and the method is for the traditional power system. Based on the concept of passive trip protection, the protection of the electric raft is divided into measurement and action zones. The purpose is to Determining whether the line is faulty, the measuring block obtains the electrical signal on the line through the sensing component, judges whether the fault is generated according to a specific algorithm, and transmits the determined fault signal to the action block to cause the related switch to trip. Achieve the function of protection. The method is not flexible for the microgrid system. For the microgrid system architecture, the load management system must not only be able to trip protection, but also must be able to dynamically adjust and intelligent two-way communication and elastic power supply capability. By reducing the peak load through the Demand Response and the time electricity bill, it is possible to ensure the continuous operation of important sensitive loads and improve the reliability of load power consumption.
有鑑於此，本案之發明人特針對前述習用發明問題深入探討，並藉由多年從事相關產業之研發與製造經驗，積極尋求解決之道，經過長期努力之研究與發展，終於成功的開發出本發明「微電網獨立運轉下之負載管理裝置」，藉以改善習用之種種問題。In view of this, the inventors of this case have intensively discussed the above-mentioned problems of conventional inventions, and actively pursued solutions through years of experience in R&D and manufacturing of related industries. After long-term efforts in research and development, they finally succeeded in developing this book. Invented the "load management device under the independent operation of the microgrid" to improve various problems in the past.
本發明之主要目的係在於，可利用能源管理系統將發電系統、儲能系統及負載系統之資料數據收集處理，並經運算後加以控制，使微電網系統運轉在孤島狀態下，由能源管理系統監控發電系統、儲能系統及負載系統，而達到動態卸載及同時具有均衡系統尖離峰負載之功效。The main purpose of the present invention is to collect and process the data of the power generation system, the energy storage system and the load system by using the energy management system, and to control and control the micro grid system to operate in an island state by the energy management system. Monitor the power generation system, energy storage system and load system to achieve dynamic unloading and at the same time have the effect of balancing the system's sharp off-peak load.
為達上述之目的，本發明係一種微電網獨立運轉下之負載管理裝置其包含有：一能源管理系統；一與能源管理系統連接之發電系統；一與能源管理系統及發電系統連接之儲能系統；以及一與能源管理系統、發電系統及儲能系統連接之負載系 統。For the above purposes, the present invention is a load management device under the independent operation of a microgrid comprising: an energy management system; a power generation system connected to the energy management system; and an energy storage connected to the energy management system and the power generation system System; and a load system connected to the energy management system, the power generation system, and the energy storage system System.
於本發明之一實施例中，該能源管理系統至少包含有監控機構、判斷機構及卸載機構。In an embodiment of the invention, the energy management system includes at least a monitoring mechanism, a judging mechanism, and an unloading mechanism.
於本發明之一實施例中，該發電系統至少包含有風力發電機構、太陽能發電機構及燃料電池。In an embodiment of the invention, the power generation system includes at least a wind power generation mechanism, a solar power generation mechanism, and a fuel cell.
於本發明之一實施例中，該儲能系統更可連接至市電端。In an embodiment of the invention, the energy storage system is further connectable to the mains terminal.
於本發明之一實施例中，該負載系統至少包含有微渦輪發電機負載、家用負載及電動車充電負載。In an embodiment of the invention, the load system includes at least a micro-turbine generator load, a household load, and an electric vehicle charging load.
請參閱『第1、2及第3圖』所示，係分別為本發明之組成架構示意圖、本發明之控制執行流程示意圖、及本發明之控制執行流程示意圖。如圖所示：本發明係一種微電網獨立運轉下之負載管理裝置，其至少包含有一能源管理系統1、一發電系統2、一儲能系統3以及一負載系統4所構成。Please refer to the "1, 2, and 3" diagrams, which are schematic diagrams of the composition of the present invention, a schematic diagram of the control execution flow of the present invention, and a schematic diagram of the control execution flow of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the present invention is a load management device under the independent operation of a microgrid, which comprises at least one energy management system 1, a power generation system 2, an energy storage system 3, and a load system 4.
上述所提之能源管理系統1至少包含有監控機構11、判斷機構12及卸載機構13。The energy management system 1 mentioned above includes at least a monitoring mechanism 11, a judging mechanism 12, and an unloading mechanism 13.
該發電系統2係與能源管理系統1連接，而該發電系統2至少包含有風力發電機構21、太陽能發電機構22及燃料電池23。The power generation system 2 is connected to the energy management system 1, and the power generation system 2 includes at least a wind power generation mechanism 21, a solar power generation mechanism 22, and a fuel cell 23.
該儲能系統3係與能源管理系統1及發電系統2連接，而該儲能系統3更可連接至市電端5。The energy storage system 3 is connected to the energy management system 1 and the power generation system 2, and the energy storage system 3 is further connected to the commercial terminal 5.
該負載系統4係與能源管理系統1、發電系統2及儲能系統連接3，而該負載系統4至少包含有微渦輪發電機負載41、家用負載42及電動車充電負載43。The load system 4 is connected to the energy management system 1, the power generation system 2, and the energy storage system 3, and the load system 4 includes at least a micro-turbine generator load 41, a household load 42, and an electric vehicle charging load 43.
當本發明於使用時，係以能源管理系統1之監控機構11監控該發電系統2、儲能系統3以及負載系統4，並利用判斷機構12即時偵測儲能系統3，而其流程執行步驟如下： 係將監控機構監控所得之儲能系統電池容量臨界值設定s100、以及電池容量及負載系統開啟/關閉狀態資訊s101，利用判斷機構進行判斷s102，而判斷該電池容量是否高於設定值s103，若高於設定值，則卸載機構不作反應s104，若低於設定值，則卸載機構依優先順序對負載系統作卸載s105；如此，可利用能源管理系統1之監控機構11配合判斷機構12偵測儲能系統3，具備電池容量動態調節負載量，若以50%電池容量為基準為例，當電池容量高於50%時，負載系統4之開啟與關閉完全依據使用者決定，不需刻意作負載管理；反之，當電池容量低於50%時，能源管理系統1會利用卸載機構13依據優先順序將負載系統4作卸載的動作(例如：風力發電機構的控制器不能將其斷電以確保其安全運轉，將其控制器電源設為第一優先群組)，以使儲能系統3之電量可維持在能夠調節功率的程度，而以維持系統內能源與負載之供需平衡。When the present invention is used, the power generation system 2, the energy storage system 3, and the load system 4 are monitored by the monitoring mechanism 11 of the energy management system 1, and the energy storage system 3 is immediately detected by the determining mechanism 12, and the process execution steps are performed. as follows: The battery capacity threshold value of the energy storage system monitored by the monitoring mechanism is set to s100, and the battery capacity and the load system on/off state information s101 are determined by the judging mechanism, and it is determined whether the battery capacity is higher than the set value s103. If the value is higher than the set value, the unloading mechanism does not react s104. If it is lower than the set value, the unloading mechanism unloads the load system s105 according to the priority order; thus, the monitoring mechanism 11 of the energy management system 1 can cooperate with the judging mechanism 12 to detect the storage. Can system 3, with battery capacity dynamically adjust the load, if based on 50% battery capacity as an example, when the battery capacity is higher than 50%, the load system 4 is turned on and off completely according to the user's decision, no need to deliberately load Management; conversely, when the battery capacity is less than 50%, the energy management system 1 uses the unloading mechanism 13 to unload the load system 4 according to the priority order (for example, the controller of the wind power generation mechanism cannot power it off to ensure its Safe operation, set its controller power to the first priority group), so that the energy of the energy storage system 3 can be maintained in the process of adjusting the power. , While the energy supply and demand in order to maintain the load within the system balance.
另外，由於能源管理系統1知道隨時之電池容量，所以可以在電池電量還沒低於50%，也就是還沒有進入到卸載模式之前先傳達資訊給負載系統4，在此機制之下，低優先權之負載系統4使用端就可以決定是否要將能夠提早執行的工作提早開始(例如：洗衣服或烘衣服)，如此一來可順便做到需量管理，達到引導用戶用電均衡系統尖離峰負載提高系統負載因素(如：第3圖所示)；藉以可讓儲能系統3在微型電網中扮演著多功能的角色，無論電網是處於併網(grid-tie)模式、獨立運 轉(standalone)模式或併網/獨立運轉切換期間，儲能系統3必須負責微型電網內部的功率調節；又由於風力發電機構21及太陽能發電機構22之輸出功率並不穩定，當發電系統2中之風力發電機構21、太陽能發電機構22及燃料電池23等再生能源併入電網之滲透率持續增加時，再生能源的輸出功率擾動可能造成整體電力系統不穩定；因此，在微型電網中若有建置儲能系統，當再生能源發電量過剩時，可對儲能系統3之電池進行充電，反之，則由儲能系統3補償再生能源輸出功率不足的部份；進而使本發明可至少達到下列之優點：In addition, since the energy management system 1 knows the battery capacity at any time, it can transmit information to the load system 4 before the battery power is less than 50%, that is, before entering the uninstall mode, under this mechanism, low priority The use of the load system 4 of the right can decide whether to start the work that can be performed early (for example, washing clothes or drying clothes), so that the demand management can be done by the way, and the user can be guided by the power balance system. The peak load increases the system load factor (as shown in Figure 3); this allows the energy storage system 3 to play a versatile role in the microgrid, regardless of whether the grid is in grid-tie mode or independently. During the standalone mode or the grid-connected/independent operation switching, the energy storage system 3 must be responsible for the power regulation inside the micro-grid; and because the output power of the wind power generation mechanism 21 and the solar power generation mechanism 22 is not stable, when the power generation system 2 is in the power generation system 2 When the penetration rate of renewable energy such as wind power generation mechanism 21, solar power generation mechanism 22 and fuel cell 23 into the power grid continues to increase, the output power disturbance of the renewable energy source may cause instability of the overall power system; therefore, if there is a built in the micro power grid When the energy storage system is excessive, the battery of the energy storage system 3 can be charged; otherwise, the energy storage system 3 compensates for the insufficient output power of the renewable energy; thereby enabling the invention to at least reach the following Advantages:
1.微電網內搭配儲能系統衍生之負載控制管理方法，此一方法可動態調解負載以維持供電及用電之間加以平衡，平衡網內電力品質，提高負載用電可靠度。1. The micro-grid is equipped with a load control management method derived from the energy storage system. This method can dynamically adjust the load to maintain the balance between power supply and power consumption, balance the power quality in the network, and improve the reliability of load power.
2.此一控制方式可在卸載模式之前先傳達電池容量資訊給負載端，在此機制之下，可做到需量管理，達到引導用戶用電均衡系統尖離峰負載提高系統負載因素。2. This control mode can convey the battery capacity information to the load terminal before the uninstall mode. Under this mechanism, the demand management can be achieved, and the system load factor can be improved by guiding the user to balance the peak load of the power balance system.
綜上所述，本發明微電網獨立運轉下之負載管理裝置可有效改善習用之種種缺點，可利用能源管理系統將發電系統、儲能系統及負載系統之資料數據收集處理，並經運算後加以控制，使微電網系統運轉在孤島狀態下，由能源管理系統監控發電系統、儲能系統及負載系統，而達到動態卸載及同時具有均衡系統尖離峰負載之功效；進而使本發明之產生能更進步、更實用、更符合消費者使用之所須，確已符合發明專利申請之要件，爰依法提出專利申請。In summary, the load management device under the independent operation of the microgrid of the present invention can effectively improve various disadvantages of the conventional use, and the energy management system can be used to collect and process the data of the power generation system, the energy storage system and the load system, and calculate and process the data. Control, so that the microgrid system operates in an island state, and the energy management system monitors the power generation system, the energy storage system, and the load system to achieve dynamic unloading and at the same time has the effect of balancing the system off-peak load; thereby enabling the generation of the present invention More progressive, more practical, and more in line with the needs of consumers, it has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent application, and filed a patent application according to law.
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍；故，凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發 明說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereto; The simple equivalent changes and modifications made to the contents of the specification are still within the scope of the invention.
1‧‧‧能源管理系統1‧‧‧Energy Management System
11‧‧‧監控機構11‧‧‧Monitor
12‧‧‧判斷機構12‧‧‧Judgement agency
13‧‧‧卸載機構13‧‧‧Unloading agency
2‧‧‧發電系統2‧‧‧Power Generation System
21‧‧‧風力發電機構21‧‧‧ Wind Power Generation Agency
22‧‧‧太陽能發電機構22‧‧‧Solar power generation agency
23‧‧‧燃料電池23‧‧‧ fuel cell
3‧‧‧儲能系統3‧‧‧ Energy storage system
4‧‧‧負載系統4‧‧‧Load system
41‧‧‧微渦輪發電機負載41‧‧‧Micro Turbine Generator Load
42‧‧‧家用負載42‧‧‧ Household load
43‧‧‧電動車充電負載43‧‧‧Electric vehicle charging load
5‧‧‧市電端5‧‧‧City terminal
s100~s105‧‧‧流程執行步驟S100~s105‧‧‧ Process execution steps
第1圖，係本發明之組成架構示意圖。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the present invention.
第2圖，係本發明之控制執行流程示意圖。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the control execution flow of the present invention.
第3圖，係本發明之負載均化示意圖。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the load homogenization of the present invention.
1‧‧‧能源管理系統1‧‧‧Energy Management System
11‧‧‧監控機構11‧‧‧Monitor
12‧‧‧判斷機構12‧‧‧Judgement agency
13‧‧‧卸載機構13‧‧‧Unloading agency
2‧‧‧發電系統2‧‧‧Power Generation System
21‧‧‧風力發電機構21‧‧‧ Wind Power Generation Agency
22‧‧‧太陽能發電機構22‧‧‧Solar power generation agency
23‧‧‧燃料電池23‧‧‧ fuel cell
3‧‧‧儲能系統3‧‧‧ Energy storage system
4‧‧‧負載系統4‧‧‧Load system
41‧‧‧微渦輪發電機負載41‧‧‧Micro Turbine Generator Load
42‧‧‧家用負載42‧‧‧ Household load
43‧‧‧電動車充電負載43‧‧‧Electric vehicle charging load
5‧‧‧市電端5‧‧‧City terminal
Claims (4)
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| TW100139174A TWI455440B (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2011-10-27 | Load management strategy under micro-grid standalone mode |
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| EP2869425A1 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-06 | BAE Systems PLC | Controlling power distribution with a microgrid |
| WO2015063159A2 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-07 | Bae Systems Plc | Controlling power distribution within a microgrid |
| WO2015063158A2 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-07 | Bae Systems Plc | Controlling power distribution within a microgrid |
| EP2869423A1 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-06 | BAE Systems PLC | Controlling power distribution within a microgrid |
| US9620960B2 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2017-04-11 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Control of a stabilizing energy storage in a microgrid |
| TWI572107B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-02-21 | 中華電信股份有限公司 | Power system for muilti-microgrid and control method thereof |
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