TWI454430B - Wastewater treatment process and apparatus with loop-arrangment microorganism carriers - Google Patents
Wastewater treatment process and apparatus with loop-arrangment microorganism carriers Download PDFInfo
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本發明係與含氮廢水處理技術有關，特別是指一種提供載體供微生物附著生長之厭氧氨氧化方法與裝置。The present invention relates to a nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment technique, and more particularly to an anaerobic ammonium oxidation method and apparatus for providing a carrier for microbial attachment growth.
厭氧氨氧化法(An aerobicAmm oniumOx idation，簡稱Anammox)已應用於含氮廢水之處理上。 An aerobic Amm onium Ox idation (Anammox) has been applied to the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater.
如美國US 2008/0245730號專利所揭露者，該Anammox方法是在於厭氧之環境中，透過自營性脫硝菌之作用，NH4 + 作為電子提供者，NO2 - 作為電子接受者，來反應產生氮氣，從而達到去除水中總氮之目的，除此之外，當水中之NH4 + 過量而NO2 - 不足時，部分NH4 + 亦可先行氧化成為NO2 - 再進行上述反應。As disclosed in US 2008/0245730, the Anammox method is in an anaerobic environment, through the action of self-operating denitrifying bacteria, NH 4 + as an electron provider, and NO 2 - as an electron acceptor. The reaction produces nitrogen gas for the purpose of removing total nitrogen from the water. In addition, when NH 4 + is excessive in the water and NO 2 - is insufficient, part of NH 4 + may be first oxidized to NO 2 - and the above reaction is carried out.
然而，上述自營性脫硝菌之生長速度相當緩慢，加上部分自營性脫硝菌會隨著放流水流出反應槽，因此該自營性脫硝菌之族群數目經常不足，而導致處理效率之低落。However, the growth rate of the self-operated denitrifying bacteria mentioned above is rather slow, and some self-operated denitrifying bacteria will flow out of the reaction tank with the discharged water, so the number of the self-operated denitrifying bacteria is often insufficient, resulting in treatment. Low efficiency.
鑑於上述缺失，本發明之一目的在於提供一種廢水處理方法與裝置，其內部具有載體供微生物附著，而可將微生物盡量保留於反應槽內部者。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for treating wastewater, which has a carrier inside for the attachment of microorganisms, and which can retain the microorganisms as much as possible inside the reaction tank.
為達前揭目的，本發明之具有環狀排列微生物載體之廢水處理裝置是包含有一反應槽、多數載體以及一攪拌 件，該反應槽之內部盛水，該等載體是環狀排列地設置於該反應槽之內部，該攪拌件是設置於該反應槽之內部底側，其中，該反應槽內部形成一上反應區、一通道區以及一下反應區，該上反應區是位於該等載體之頂側，該下反應區是位於該等載體之底側，該通道區是被該等載體所環繞，且連通該上反應區以及該下反應區，該通道區之寬度均小於該上反應區以及該下反應區之寬度；其中，多種微生物是附著於該等微生物載體之表面，以及懸浮於該反應槽之水中，該等微生物包含硝化菌以及厭氧氨氧化菌。For the purpose of the prior art, the wastewater treatment device with the annular array of microbial carriers of the present invention comprises a reaction tank, a plurality of carriers and a stirring. The inside of the reaction tank is filled with water, and the carriers are arranged in a ring-shaped arrangement inside the reaction tank, and the stirring member is disposed on the inner bottom side of the reaction tank, wherein an internal reaction is formed inside the reaction tank. a zone, a channel zone and a lower reaction zone, the upper reaction zone being located on a top side of the carriers, the lower reaction zone being located on a bottom side of the carriers, the channel zone being surrounded by the carriers, and communicating The upper reaction zone and the lower reaction zone, the width of the channel zone is smaller than the width of the upper reaction zone and the lower reaction zone; wherein a plurality of microorganisms are attached to the surface of the microbial carrier, and suspended in the water of the reaction tank These microorganisms include nitrifying bacteria and anammox bacteria.
於本發明之一較佳實施例中，該反應槽通道區之寬度是隨著接近該上反應區而遞減，該攪拌件是設置於該反應槽之下反應區，該等載體是接觸該反應槽之內側壁面，此外，該等載體表面具有多數凹槽；此一廢水處理裝置可更包含有多數曝氣盤設置於該反應槽之底側。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the reaction channel passage region decreases as approaching the upper reaction zone, and the agitating member is disposed in the reaction zone below the reaction vessel, and the carriers are in contact with the reaction. The inner wall surface of the groove, in addition, the surface of the carrier has a plurality of grooves; the wastewater treatment device may further comprise a plurality of aeration disks disposed on the bottom side of the reaction tank.
本發明之具有環狀排列微生物載體之廢水處理方法，是包含以下步驟：a.提供一反應槽、多數載體以及一攪拌件，該等載體是環狀排列地設置於該反應槽中，該反應槽之內部形成一上反應區、一通道區以及一下反應區，該上反應區是位於該等載體之頂側，該下反應區是位於該等載體之底側，該通道區是被該等載體所環繞，且連通該上反應區以及該下反應區，該通道區之寬度均小於該上反應區以及該下反應區之寬度，該攪拌件是設置於該反應槽之中，該反應槽之通道區以及下反應區盛水，水中具有多種微生物，該多種 微生物包含硝化菌、厭氧氨氧化菌以及異營性脫硝菌；b.將一待處理之廢水導入該反應槽，淹沒該等載體，並使上反應區也裝有廢水；c.利用該攪拌件攪動該反應槽之水，產生循環水流；d.停止攪動水並靜置，使水中之懸浮固體沉澱；以及e.將該上反應區之水排出。The wastewater treatment method of the invention has a cyclic arrangement of microbial carriers, comprising the steps of: a. providing a reaction tank, a plurality of carriers and a stirring member, wherein the carriers are arranged in a ring array in the reaction tank, the reaction An upper reaction zone, a channel zone and a lower reaction zone are formed inside the groove, the upper reaction zone is located on the top side of the carriers, and the lower reaction zone is located on the bottom side of the carriers, and the channel zone is such Surrounding the carrier, and communicating the upper reaction zone and the lower reaction zone, the width of the channel zone is smaller than the width of the upper reaction zone and the lower reaction zone, and the stirring member is disposed in the reaction tank, the reaction tank The channel zone and the lower reaction zone are filled with water, and the water has various microorganisms, and the plurality of The microorganism comprises nitrifying bacteria, anammox bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria; b. introducing a waste water to be treated into the reaction tank, submerging the carriers, and causing the upper reaction zone to also contain waste water; c. utilizing the The stirring member agitates the water of the reaction tank to generate a circulating water stream; d. stops stirring the water and stands to precipitate the suspended solids in the water; and e. drains the water in the upper reaction zone.
其中，該反應槽通道區之寬度是隨著接近該上反應區而遞減，於步驟c進行時，可同時將氧氣導入反應槽之水中。Wherein, the width of the reaction channel passage region decreases as approaching the upper reaction zone, and when step c is performed, oxygen can be simultaneously introduced into the water of the reaction tank.
為了詳細說明本發明之構造及特點所在，茲舉以下二較佳實施例並配合圖式說明如後，其中：第一圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之示意圖(一)；第二圖係本發明第一較佳實施例載體之正視圖；第三圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之示意圖(二)；第四圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之示意圖(三)；第五圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之污染物濃度變化及處理效率圖；第六圖係本發明第二較佳實施例之示意圖。In order to explain the structure and features of the present invention in detail, the following two preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings are set forth below, wherein: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram (1) of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; 1 is a front view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; a third view is a schematic view (2) of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; and a fourth view is a schematic view (3) of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a diagram showing changes in pollutant concentration and treatment efficiency in a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 6 is a schematic view showing a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
請參閱第一圖，本發明第一較佳實施例所提供之具有環狀排列微生物載體之廢水處理裝置10，是為一序列批次式反應器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)，包含有一反應槽20、多數載體30、一攪拌件40以及多數曝氣盤50。Referring to the first figure, a wastewater treatment device 10 having a circular array of microbial carriers according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention is a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) comprising a reaction tank. 20. A plurality of carriers 30, a stirring member 40, and a plurality of aeration trays 50.
該反應槽20之內部盛水，該等載體30是呈球狀，且表面形成有多數凹槽(如第二圖)，該等載體30是環狀排列地設置於該反應槽20之水中，且接觸該反應槽20之內側壁面，該攪拌件40是設置於該反應槽20之底側，該等曝氣盤50是設置於該反應槽20之底側，並與一供氣管路52連接，而可將氧氣或空氣導入該反應槽20之水中；其中，該反應槽20內部形成一上反應區22、一通道區24以及一下反應區26，該上反應區22是位於該等載體30之頂側，該下反應區26是位於該等載體30之底側，該通道區24是被該等載體30所環繞，且連通該上反應區22以及該下反應區26，該通道區24之寬度W1是隨著接近該上反應區22而遞減，而且各處之寬度W1都小於該上反應區22之寬度W2，也小於該下反應區26之寬度W3；而該攪拌件40則是位於該下反應區26中。The inside of the reaction tank 20 is filled with water, and the carriers 30 are spherical, and a plurality of grooves (such as a second figure) are formed on the surface, and the carriers 30 are arranged in a ring shape in the water of the reaction tank 20. And contacting the inner side wall surface of the reaction tank 20, the agitating member 40 is disposed on the bottom side of the reaction tank 20, and the aeration discs 50 are disposed on the bottom side of the reaction tank 20 and connected to a gas supply line 52. Oxygen or air may be introduced into the water of the reaction tank 20; wherein, the reaction tank 20 has an upper reaction zone 22, a passage zone 24 and a lower reaction zone 26, and the upper reaction zone 22 is located in the carrier 30. On the top side, the lower reaction zone 26 is located on the bottom side of the carriers 30. The channel zone 24 is surrounded by the carriers 30 and communicates with the upper reaction zone 22 and the lower reaction zone 26, the channel zone 24 The width W1 is decreased as approaching the upper reaction zone 22, and the width W1 is smaller than the width W2 of the upper reaction zone 22 and smaller than the width W3 of the lower reaction zone 26; and the agitating member 40 is Located in the lower reaction zone 26.
此外，該反應槽20內部具有用以處理含氮廢水之環境微生物，該等微生物是附著於該等載體30之表面，或是懸浮於該反應槽20之水中，該等微生物至少包含硝化菌(nitrifying bacteria)以及厭氧氨氧化菌(Anammox bacteria)，該厭氧氨氧化菌為一種自營性脫硝菌(autotrophic denitrifying bacteria)。In addition, the reaction tank 20 has an internal environment microorganism for treating nitrogen-containing wastewater, and the microorganisms are attached to the surface of the carrier 30 or suspended in the water of the reaction tank 20, and the microorganisms at least contain nitrifying bacteria ( Nitrifying bacteria) and Anammox bacteria, which is an autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
於實際設置時，設計者可利用鐵絲串接該等載體30，或是利用網狀物包覆該等載體30，以便將該等載體30維持於定位。In actual setting, the designer can use the wires to connect the carriers 30 in series or to wrap the carriers 30 with a mesh to maintain the carriers 30 in position.
本發明一較佳實施例所提供之具有環狀排列微生物載 體之廢水處理方法，是包含以下步驟：a.如第三圖所示，提供一反應槽20、多數載體30以及一攪拌件40，該等載體30是環狀排列地設置於該反應槽20中，該反應槽20之內部形成一上反應區22、一通道區24以及一下反應區26，該上反應區22是位於該等載體30之頂側，該下反應區26是位於該等載體30之底側，該通道區24是被該等載體30所環繞，且連通該上反應區22以及該下反應區26，該通道區24之寬度W1是隨著接近該上反應區22而遞減，該通道區24各處之寬度W1均小於該上反應區22以及該下反應區26之寬度W2,W3，該攪拌件40是設置於該反應槽20之中，此外，該反應槽20之通道區24以及下反應區26盛水，水並淹沒該等載體30，水中並具有多種微生物，包含硝化菌以及厭氧氨氧化菌；b.將一待處理之含氮廢水導入該反應槽20，使上反應區22裝有廢水(如第一圖)，該含氮廢水中含有銨離子(NH4 + )、亞硝酸根離子(NO2 - )、硝酸根離子(NO3 - )以及一些有機物質；c.如第四圖，利用該攪拌件40攪動該反應槽20之水，使水依序通過該下反應區26、該等載體30之間的間隙、該上反應區22以及該通道區24，而且循環流動，使水中之微生物與污染物充分混合，同時利用曝氣盤50將氧氣或是空氣導入該反應槽20之水中；此時，於硝化菌之作用下，NH4 + 可經由硝化反應而氧化成NO2 - ，而於自營性脫 硝菌之作用下，NH4 + 作為電子提供者，而NO2 - 作為電子接受者，兩者經由Anammox反應而產生氮氣；上述之反應可一併於該上反應區22、該下反應區26以及該等載體30之表面進行，而將水中之總氮轉換為氮氣，而達到淨化之目的；d.停止攪動水並靜置，使水中之懸浮固體(suspended solids，簡稱SS)沉澱，並使該反應槽20的水逐漸地澄清；e.將該上反應區22的水排出(如第三圖)，此時，微生物仍然附著於該等載體20之表面，或是懸浮於該反應槽20剩餘之水中。A wastewater treatment method with a circular array of microbial carriers according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: a. As shown in the third figure, a reaction tank 20, a plurality of carriers 30, and a stirring member 40 are provided. The carriers 30 are arranged in a circular arrangement in the reaction tank 20. The reaction chamber 20 has an upper reaction zone 22, a channel zone 24 and a lower reaction zone 26, and the upper reaction zone 22 is located in the carrier. On the top side of 30, the lower reaction zone 26 is located on the bottom side of the carrier 30, the channel zone 24 is surrounded by the carriers 30, and communicates with the upper reaction zone 22 and the lower reaction zone 26, the channel zone The width W1 of 24 is decreased as approaching the upper reaction zone 22, and the width W1 of the channel zone 24 is smaller than the width W2, W3 of the upper reaction zone 22 and the lower reaction zone 26, and the agitating member 40 is set. In the reaction tank 20, in addition, the passage zone 24 and the lower reaction zone 26 of the reaction tank 20 are filled with water, and the water is submerged in the carrier 30, and the water has various microorganisms, including nitrifying bacteria and anammox bacteria; b. introducing a nitrogenous wastewater to be treated into the reaction tank 20, so that Wastewater 22 containing the reaction zone (e.g., first figure), the nitrogen-containing wastewater contains ammonium ion (NH 4 +), nitrite ion (NO 2 -), nitrate ion (NO 3 -) as well as some organic substances; c. As shown in the fourth figure, the water of the reaction tank 20 is agitated by the stirring member 40, and the water is sequentially passed through the lower reaction zone 26, the gap between the carriers 30, the upper reaction zone 22, and the channel zone 24. And circulating, so that the microorganisms in the water and the pollutants are thoroughly mixed, and the oxygen or air is introduced into the water of the reaction tank 20 by using the aeration tray 50; at this time, under the action of the nitrifying bacteria, the NH 4 + can be nitrated. Oxidation to NO 2 - by reaction, and under the action of self-operated denitrifying bacteria, NH 4 + acts as an electron donor, and NO 2 - acts as an electron acceptor, and both generate nitrogen through the Anammox reaction; the above reaction can be And the surface of the upper reaction zone 22, the lower reaction zone 26 and the carrier 30 are carried out, and the total nitrogen in the water is converted into nitrogen gas for purification purposes; d. the stirring water is stopped and allowed to stand in the water. Precipitated solids (SS) precipitates and makes the reaction tank 20 The water is gradually clarified; e. The water in the upper reaction zone 22 is discharged (as in the third figure), at which time the microorganisms are still attached to the surface of the carrier 20 or suspended in the remaining water of the reaction tank 20.
而於步驟e進行後，操作者可再依序重覆步驟b、c、d及e，而再次進行含氮廢水之淨化；以一日進行一次步驟b至步驟e之完整週期為例，步驟b加上步驟c約需23小時以上，而步驟d則約需20分鐘；請再參閱第五圖，圖中顯示本發明進流廢水以及放流水之相關污染物濃度以及處理效率，於每日進行一次步驟b至步驟e之完整週期、水力停留時間為6天之情況下，隨著微生物之逐漸馴養完成，操作者可逐步提高進流廢水之濃度，當進流廢水之總氮濃度為800~900mg-N/L時，本發明之總氮去除效率可高達80%。After the step e is performed, the operator can repeat the steps b, c, d, and e in sequence, and perform the purification of the nitrogen-containing wastewater again; taking the complete cycle of the step b to the step e as an example, the steps are performed. b plus step c takes about 23 hours or more, and step d takes about 20 minutes; please refer to the fifth figure, which shows the concentration of the relevant pollutants and the treatment efficiency of the influent wastewater and the discharged water of the present invention, daily When the complete cycle of step b to step e is carried out and the hydraulic retention time is 6 days, the operator can gradually increase the concentration of the influent wastewater as the microorganisms are gradually domesticated, and the total nitrogen concentration of the influent wastewater is 800. At ~900 mg-N/L, the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the present invention can be as high as 80%.
此外，當反應槽20中之微生物已馴養成熟，或是廢水中之污染物濃度不高時，操作者其實也可以降低該廢水處理裝置10之水力停留時間，例如，每日進行四次完整週期，每週期約進行6小時，以便提高此一廢水處理裝置之 處理量，如此一情況下，步驟b加上步驟c約需進行5.5小時，而步驟d則同樣進行20分鐘。In addition, when the microorganisms in the reaction tank 20 have been domesticated or the concentration of the pollutants in the wastewater is not high, the operator can actually reduce the hydraulic retention time of the wastewater treatment device 10, for example, four full cycles per day. , about 6 hours per cycle to improve the wastewater treatment plant The amount of treatment, in this case, step b plus step c takes about 5.5 hours, while step d is also carried out for 20 minutes.
該通道區24之寬度W1是隨著接近該上反應區22而遞減，亦即，於接近該上反應區22處排列了較多之載體30，而在接近該下反應區26處則排列了稍少之載體30，此一排列方式一方面可容許較多之載體30設置於該反應槽20中，一方面也可使水流與載體30充分地接觸，有助於整體去除效率之提昇。The width W1 of the channel region 24 decreases as it approaches the upper reaction zone 22, i.e., more carriers 30 are arranged near the upper reaction zone 22, and are arranged close to the lower reaction zone 26. The carrier 30 is slightly less than this, and on the one hand, a larger number of carriers 30 can be accommodated in the reaction tank 20, and on the other hand, the water flow can be sufficiently brought into contact with the carrier 30, contributing to an improvement in overall removal efficiency.
於本實施例之中，該反應槽20微生物主要是以硝化菌以及厭氧氨氧化菌為主，但是當槽內水中具有足夠之NO3 - 以及有機碳源時，由於培養環境適當，因此廢水中自然存在之異營性脫硝菌(heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria)會逐漸繁殖，並與前述之硝化菌以及自營性脫硝菌一同附著生長於該等擔體30上，或是以懸浮之方式生長於反應槽20之水中，於該等異營性脫硝菌之作用下，水中NO3 - 可藉由異營性脫硝反應消耗有機碳源並被轉換成氮氣；而除了自然繁殖之外，使用者也可主動將異營性脫硝菌移植至該反應槽20中。In the present embodiment, the microorganisms in the reaction tank 20 are mainly nitrifying bacteria and anammox bacteria, but when the water in the tank has sufficient NO 3 - and an organic carbon source, the wastewater is appropriate due to the culture environment. The naturally occurring heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria will gradually multiply and grow on the support 30 together with the aforementioned nitrifying bacteria and self-operated denitrifying bacteria, or grow in a suspended manner. In the water of the reaction tank 20, under the action of the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, the NO 3 - in the water can consume the organic carbon source by the heterogeneous denitration reaction and be converted into nitrogen; in addition to natural reproduction, The user can also actively transplant the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria into the reaction tank 20.
請再參閱第六圖，本發明第二較較佳實施例所提供之廢水處理方法與裝置70，與前述實施例所提供者大致相同，其不同點僅於，其反應槽72通道區74之寬度為定值，此一結構也同樣能夠達到功效。Referring to the sixth figure, the wastewater treatment method and apparatus 70 provided by the second preferred embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as that provided by the foregoing embodiment, and the difference is only that the reaction tank 72 is in the passage area 74. The width is constant, and this structure can also achieve efficiency.
以上所述，僅為本發明之較佳實施例的詳細說明與圖示，凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實 施例，皆包含於本發明的範疇中，任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內，可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在本案之專利範圍。The above is only the detailed description and illustration of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the spirit of the scope of the patent application of the present invention is similar to the similar changes. The invention is intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Any change or modification that can be easily conceived in the field of the invention can be covered by the scope of the present invention.
10‧‧‧廢水處理裝置10‧‧‧Waste treatment plant
20‧‧‧反應槽20‧‧‧Reaction tank
22‧‧‧上反應區22‧‧‧Upper reaction zone
24‧‧‧通道區24‧‧‧Channel area
26‧‧‧下反應區26‧‧‧Next reaction zone
30‧‧‧載體30‧‧‧ Carrier
32‧‧‧凹槽32‧‧‧ Groove
40‧‧‧攪拌件40‧‧‧Stirring parts
50‧‧‧曝氣盤50‧‧‧Aeration tray
52‧‧‧供氣管路52‧‧‧ gas supply pipeline
W1,W2,W3‧‧‧寬度W1, W2, W3‧‧‧ width
70‧‧‧廢水處理裝置70‧‧‧Waste treatment plant
72‧‧‧反應槽72‧‧‧Reaction tank
74‧‧‧載體74‧‧‧ Carrier
第一圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之示意圖(一)；第二圖係本發明第一較佳實施例載體之正視圖；第三圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之示意圖(二)；第四圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之示意圖(三)；第五圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之污染物濃度變化及處理效率圖；第六圖係本發明第二較佳實施例之示意圖。1 is a front view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; a second view is a front view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; and a third view is a schematic view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention ( The fourth drawing is a schematic diagram (3) of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; the fifth drawing is a graph showing the change of the concentration of the pollutants and the treatment efficiency of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; A schematic diagram of a second preferred embodiment.
10‧‧‧廢水處理裝置10‧‧‧Waste treatment plant
20‧‧‧反應槽20‧‧‧Reaction tank
22‧‧‧上反應區22‧‧‧Upper reaction zone
24‧‧‧通道區24‧‧‧Channel area
26‧‧‧下反應區26‧‧‧Next reaction zone
30‧‧‧載體30‧‧‧ Carrier
40‧‧‧攪拌件40‧‧‧Stirring parts
50‧‧‧曝氣盤50‧‧‧Aeration tray
52‧‧‧供氣管路52‧‧‧ gas supply pipeline
W1,W2,W3‧‧‧寬度W1, W2, W3‧‧‧ width
Claims (8)
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