TWI454327B - Detecting method of steel strap terminal-cutting - Google Patents
Detecting method of steel strap terminal-cutting Download PDFInfo
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本發明是有關於一種偵測方法,且特別是有關於一種鋼帶切尾之偵測方法。The invention relates to a detection method, and in particular to a method for detecting a steel strip tail.
在煉鋼過程中,熱軋製程時需利用端切機來將鋼帶翹曲的二尾端切除。切除下來的鋼帶尾端在正常情況下,應直接滑落至端切機一側下方的溝槽內。但倘若切除之尾端留滯在端切機上,在下個鋼帶進入端切機前,端切機進行迴刀預備時,極有可能會將留滯之鋼帶尾端甩落至端切機前方用來穿帶的斜坡導板上。如此一來,當此鋼帶進行穿帶而通過端切機前方之導板時,鋼帶與滯留之尾端可能會一起軋入熱軋機中。這樣不僅會影響鋼帶軋延的品質,嚴重的話甚至會造成整捲鋼帶軋壞,使得熱軋產線的損失大幅增加。In the steelmaking process, an end cutting machine is used to remove the warped two ends of the steel strip during the hot rolling process. The cut end of the strip should, under normal conditions, slip directly into the groove below the side of the end cutter. However, if the tail end of the cut-off is left on the end-cutting machine, it is very likely that the end of the stranded steel strip will be cut to the end cut before the next strip enters the end-cutting machine and the end-cutting machine is ready for the returning knife. The ramp guide on the front of the machine. In this way, when the steel strip is passed through the guide plate in front of the end cutter, the steel strip and the tail end of the strand may be rolled into the hot rolling mill together. This will not only affect the quality of the rolling of the steel strip, but even cause the whole coil of steel strip to be crushed, which will greatly increase the loss of the hot rolling line.
為避免切除之鋼帶尾端留滯而影響軋延品質,目前提出一種利用聲音感測方式,來判斷切除之尾端的掉落位置。此方法係在端切機的溝槽下方設置聲音感測器,藉以接收鋼帶之切尾落下時的撞擊聲,以供操作者判斷。然而,由於熱軋工廠的現場會有很多的聲音干擾,因此會嚴重影響聲音感測器的感測效果。如此一來,將導致偵測的正確性不佳。此外,由於聲音感測器係設置在端切機的溝槽下方,因此受到鋼帶切尾落下的衝擊,聲音感測器的故障頻率高,實用性差。In order to avoid the stagnation of the tail end of the stripped steel strip and affect the rolling quality, a sound sensing method is proposed to judge the falling position of the cut end. In this method, an acoustic sensor is disposed under the groove of the end-cutting machine to receive the impact sound when the tail of the steel strip falls, for the operator to judge. However, due to the many sound disturbances at the hot rolling mill site, the sensing effect of the sound sensor is seriously affected. As a result, the correctness of the detection will be poor. In addition, since the sound sensor is disposed under the groove of the end-cutting machine, it is subjected to the impact of the falling of the steel strip, and the sound sensor has a high frequency of failure and is inferior in practicability.
因此,本發明之一態樣就是在提供一種鋼帶切尾之偵測方法,其係利用攝影取像的非接觸方式來偵測鋼帶切尾殘留。如此一來,偵測裝置可不需與生產設備接觸,而可有效避免現場噪音、震動與粉塵的干擾,故可降低偵測裝置之故障率。Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the cutting of a steel strip by using a non-contact method of photographic image taking to detect the residual tail of the steel strip. In this way, the detecting device can avoid contact with the production equipment, and can effectively avoid the interference of the scene noise, vibration and dust, thereby reducing the failure rate of the detecting device.
本發明之另一態樣是在提供一種鋼帶切尾之偵測方法,其可有效偵測端切機內之鋼帶切尾時的狀況,有利於現場工作人員即時進行異常狀況的排除。因此,運用此方法除了可減輕現場工作人員的負擔,更可避免鋼帶之切尾影響鋼帶之軋延品質,進而可提升熱軋作業的效率、降低製程成本。Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for detecting a tail of a steel strip, which can effectively detect the condition of the steel strip in the end-cutting machine, which is beneficial to the on-site staff to immediately eliminate the abnormal condition. Therefore, in addition to reducing the burden on the field staff, the use of this method can avoid the influence of the cutting of the steel strip on the rolling quality of the steel strip, thereby improving the efficiency of the hot rolling operation and reducing the process cost.
根據本發明之上述目的,提出一種鋼帶切尾之偵測方法,其包含下列步驟。對一端切機進行第一感測步驟,以獲得一鋼帶進入端切機之第一時間點。對端切機內部進行第一攝影取像步驟,以獲得第一影像。利用一控制器之一影像處理單元對第一影像進行一影像處理,以獲得第一影像之複數個第一特徵值。根據這些第一特徵值,決定一影像處理範圍(Region Of Interest;ROI)。對端切機進行第二感測步驟,以獲得端切機對鋼帶進行一切尾處理之第二時間點。對端切機內部進行第二攝影取像步驟,以獲得第二影像。利用影像處理單元對影像處理範圍中之第二影像進行另一影像處理,以獲得第二影像之複數個第二特徵值。利用控制器根據這些第二特徵值進行一判斷步驟,以判斷影像處理範圍中之第二影像是否有鋼帶之切尾部分的影像。當判斷步驟的結果為是時,依序重複進行第二攝影取像步驟、前述之另一影像處理步驟、與判斷步驟一預設次數。當在預設次數中之判斷步驟的結果為是時,表示切尾部分殘留在端切機中。In accordance with the above object of the present invention, a method of detecting a tail of a steel strip is provided, which comprises the following steps. The first sensing step is performed on the one end cutting machine to obtain a first time point of the steel strip entering the end cutting machine. A first photographic taking step is performed inside the end cutting machine to obtain a first image. An image processing unit of one controller performs image processing on the first image to obtain a plurality of first feature values of the first image. Based on these first characteristic values, a Region Of Interest (ROI) is determined. A second sensing step is performed on the end cutting machine to obtain a second time point for the end cutting machine to perform all tail treatment on the steel strip. A second photographic taking step is performed inside the end cutting machine to obtain a second image. The image processing unit performs another image processing on the second image in the image processing range to obtain a plurality of second feature values of the second image. The controller performs a determining step according to the second characteristic values to determine whether the second image in the image processing range has an image of the tail portion of the steel strip. When the result of the determining step is YES, the second photographic image capturing step, the other image processing step, and the determining step are repeated a predetermined number of times. When the result of the judging step in the preset number of times is YES, it means that the tail-cut portion remains in the end-cutting machine.
依據本發明之一實施例,上述進行第一攝影取像步驟與第二攝影取像步驟時包含利用一彩色攝影機或一紅外線攝影機,且每一第一影像與第二影像為一彩色影像。According to an embodiment of the invention, the step of performing the first photographic image capturing step and the second photographic image capturing step comprises using a color camera or an infrared camera, and each of the first image and the second image is a color image.
依據本發明之另一實施例,上述進行每一影像處理步驟與另一影像處理步驟時包含下列步驟。將彩色影像轉換成一灰階影像。對此灰階影像進行一雜訊濾除(Noise Reduction)處理。利用一預設閥值(Threshold),將灰階影像轉換成二值化影像。利用影像處理技術中之分割法,將二值化影像中之白色區塊分割成複數個區塊。對這些區塊進行一特徵值計算處理,以獲得第一特徵值與第二特徵值。According to another embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are performed when performing each image processing step and another image processing step. Convert a color image into a grayscale image. A noise reduction process is performed on the grayscale image. A grayscale image is converted to a binarized image using a predetermined threshold (Threshold). The white block in the binarized image is divided into a plurality of blocks by using the segmentation method in the image processing technology. A eigenvalue calculation process is performed on the blocks to obtain a first eigenvalue and a second eigenvalue.
依據本發明之又一實施例,於將白色區塊分割成數個區塊之步驟前,上述每一影像處理步驟與另一影像處理步驟更包含利用影像處理技術中之型態學(Morphology)方式,使白色區塊之邊緣平滑化。According to still another embodiment of the present invention, before the step of dividing the white block into the plurality of blocks, each of the image processing steps and the another image processing step further comprise utilizing a Morphology method in the image processing technology. , smoothing the edges of white blocks.
依據本發明之再一實施例,上述進行雜訊濾除處理時包含利用一影像濾波器(Gaussian Smooth Filter)。According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the performing the noise filtering process includes using a Gaussian Smooth Filter.
依據本發明之再一實施例,上述之預設閥值為149。According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined threshold value is 149.
依據本發明之再一實施例,上述之第一特徵值包含鋼帶之影像的矩形度與面積。According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first characteristic value includes a rectangularity and an area of an image of the steel strip.
依據本發明之再一實施例,上述之第二特徵值包含切尾部分之影像的面積與位置中心的X座標。According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the second characteristic value includes an area of an image of the tail-cut portion and an X coordinate of a center of the position.
依據本發明之再一實施例,在上述之判斷步驟中,當切尾部分之影像的面積均在第一預設範圍內,且切尾部分之影像的位置中心的X座標均在第二預設範圍內時,這些判斷步驟之結果為是。According to still another embodiment of the present invention, in the determining step, when the area of the image of the tail-cutting portion is within the first predetermined range, and the X coordinate of the center of the position of the image of the tail-cutting portion is in the second pre-predetermined When the range is set, the result of these judgment steps is yes.
依據本發明之再一實施例,當上述判斷步驟之結果為是時,鋼帶切尾之偵測方法更包含發出一警訊。According to still another embodiment of the present invention, when the result of the determining step is YES, the method for detecting the tail of the steel strip further comprises issuing a warning.
請參照第1圖,其係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種鋼帶切尾之偵測系統的裝置示意圖。在本實施方式中,鋼帶切尾之偵測系統100主要包含攝影機102、控制器104、感測器112與警報裝置114。攝影機102設置在端切機之開孔旁,且可對著端切機之內部進行攝影取像。攝影機102可為紅外線攝影機或彩色攝影機,例如工業型的彩色攝影機。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting a steel strip tail in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the strip cutting detection system 100 mainly includes a camera 102, a controller 104, a sensor 112, and an alarm device 114. The camera 102 is disposed beside the opening of the end cutting machine and can perform photographic imaging against the inside of the end cutting machine. The camera 102 can be an infrared camera or a color camera, such as an industrial color camera.
感測器112可裝設於端切機內。感測器112不僅可用以感測鋼帶進入此端切機的時間點,也可用以感測此端切機對鋼帶進行切尾處理的時間點。The sensor 112 can be mounted in an end cutting machine. The sensor 112 can be used not only to sense the point in time at which the steel strip enters the end-cutting machine, but also to sense the point in time at which the end-cutting machine performs the tail-cutting process on the steel strip.
攝影機102和感測器112均與控制器104連接,以將所拍攝到之影像和感測到的資訊傳送至控制器104。在一實施例中,控制器104主要包含影像擷取卡106、影像處理單元108與控制單元110。控制器104可例如為一電腦設備。Both camera 102 and sensor 112 are coupled to controller 104 to communicate the captured image and sensed information to controller 104. In an embodiment, the controller 104 mainly includes an image capture card 106, an image processing unit 108, and a control unit 110. Controller 104 can be, for example, a computer device.
在控制器104中,影像擷取卡106與攝影機102連通,而可擷取攝影機102所拍攝之影像。影像擷取卡106也與影像處理單元108連通,而可將擷取自攝影機102的影像傳送至影像處理單元108中。影像處理單元108可對影像擷取卡106所擷取之影像進行影像處理。In the controller 104, the image capture card 106 is in communication with the camera 102 to capture images captured by the camera 102. The image capture card 106 is also in communication with the image processing unit 108, and images captured from the camera 102 can be transferred to the image processing unit 108. The image processing unit 108 can perform image processing on the image captured by the image capture card 106.
影像處理單元108與控制單元110連通,而可將經過影像處理後所獲得之影像資訊傳遞給控制單元110。控制單元110可根據來自影像處理單元108之影像資訊,來判斷鋼帶切尾是否留滯在端切機內。控制單元110可包含數位輸入/輸出模組(DI/DO Module)。因此,影像處理單元108處理後之影像資訊可為數位資訊。另一方面,感測器112也與控制單元110連通,而可將鋼帶進入端切機、以及端切機對鋼帶進行切尾處理之時間點的資訊傳送至控制單元110。同樣地,感測器112所獲得之時間資訊可為數位化資訊。The image processing unit 108 is connected to the control unit 110, and the image information obtained after the image processing can be transmitted to the control unit 110. The control unit 110 can determine whether the strip tail is left in the end-cutting machine according to the image information from the image processing unit 108. The control unit 110 can include a digital input/output module (DI/DO Module). Therefore, the image information processed by the image processing unit 108 can be digital information. On the other hand, the sensor 112 is also in communication with the control unit 110, and information about the point in time at which the steel strip enters the end-cutting machine and the end-cutting machine performs the tail-cutting process on the steel strip is transmitted to the control unit 110. Similarly, the time information obtained by the sensor 112 can be digital information.
警報裝置114也連接至控制單元110。當控制單元110判斷出鋼帶的切尾部分留滯在端切機內時,可對警報裝置114發出啟動訊號,藉以驅動警報裝置114來發出警報。在一些實施例中,警報裝置114可為警鈴、可顯示警示資訊的顯示器、或警示燈。The alarm device 114 is also connected to the control unit 110. When the control unit 110 determines that the tail portion of the steel strip is retained in the end-cutting machine, an activation signal can be issued to the alarm device 114 to drive the alarm device 114 to issue an alarm. In some embodiments, the alarm device 114 can be an alarm, a display that can display alert information, or a warning light.
請參照一併參照第1圖與第2圖,其中第2圖係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種鋼帶切尾之偵測方法的流程圖。在本實施方式中,進行綱帶切尾之偵測方法200時,先如同第2圖之步驟202所述,利用感測器112對端切機進行感測,以感測欲進行切尾處理之鋼帶是否已進入端切機,並獲得此鋼帶進入端切機之時間點。Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 together. FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for detecting a steel strip tail according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, when the method for detecting the tail of the strap cutting is performed, the end cutting machine is sensed by the sensor 112 as described in step 202 of FIG. 2 to sense the tail cutting processing. Whether the steel strip has entered the end cutting machine and the time point at which the steel strip enters the end cutting machine.
當感測器112感測到鋼帶進入端切機時,如步驟204所述,利用攝影機102對端切機之內部進行攝影取像,以獲得鋼帶在端切機內部之影像。在一實施例中,攝影機102攝影取像所獲得之影像為彩色影像。接下來,先利用控制器104之影像擷取卡106來擷取攝影機102所拍攝之影像。再將影像擷取卡106所擷取之影像傳送至控制器104之影像處理單元108。接著,如步驟206所述,利用影像處理單元108對影像擷取卡106所傳來之影像進行影像處理。When the sensor 112 senses that the steel strip enters the end-cutting machine, as described in step 204, the interior of the end-cutting machine is imaged by the camera 102 to obtain an image of the steel strip inside the end-cutting machine. In one embodiment, the image obtained by the camera 102 for taking an image is a color image. Next, the image captured by the camera 102 is captured by the image capture card 106 of the controller 104. The image captured by the image capture card 106 is transmitted to the image processing unit 108 of the controller 104. Then, as described in step 206, the image processing unit 108 performs image processing on the image transmitted by the image capturing card 106.
請參照第3圖,其係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種影像處理方法的流程圖。在一實施例中,由於所獲得之彩色影像係由紅綠藍(RGB)三個頻道的影像所組成,再加上鋼帶屬於紅熱狀態,因此鋼帶影像之紅色頻道的色差較為明顯。故,如第3圖所示,進行影像處理300時,先如同步驟302所述,將彩色影像中紅色頻道的影像灰階值分離出來做分析,藉以將彩色影像轉換為灰階影像。其中,影像灰階值之範圍從0到255。Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a flow chart of an image processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, since the obtained color image is composed of three channels of red, green and blue (RGB) images, and the steel strip is in a red hot state, the color difference of the red channel of the steel strip image is more obvious. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when the image processing 300 is performed, the image grayscale value of the red channel in the color image is separated and analyzed as described in step 302, thereby converting the color image into a grayscale image. Among them, the image grayscale value ranges from 0 to 255.
接下來,如同步驟304所述,利用例如影像濾波器對灰階影像進行雜訊濾除處理,以濾除灰階影像之雜訊。對濾除雜訊之灰階影像的灰階值分部進行分析。在一實施例中,請參照第4圖,鋼帶的像素灰度值均大於149。因此,在此實施例中,如同影像處理300之步驟306所述,以149來當作預設閥值,而將灰階影像轉換成二值化影像。也就是說,此實施例將灰度值超過149的像素均標示為255(白色),且將灰度值小於149的像素均標示為0(黑色)。如此一來,灰階影像可轉變成僅由白色與黑色像素所構成之二值化影像。在其他實施例中,預設閥值可根據各灰階影像之灰階值分佈而加以調整,並不限於上述實施例之149。Next, as described in step 304, the grayscale image is subjected to noise filtering processing using, for example, an image filter to filter out the noise of the grayscale image. The grayscale value fraction of the grayscale image filtered out of the noise is analyzed. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the grayscale values of the steel strips are all greater than 149. Thus, in this embodiment, as described in step 306 of image processing 300, the grayscale image is converted to a binarized image with 149 as the preset threshold. That is, this embodiment marks pixels having a gray value of more than 149 as 255 (white), and pixels having a gray value of less than 149 are indicated as 0 (black). In this way, the grayscale image can be converted into a binarized image composed only of white and black pixels. In other embodiments, the preset threshold may be adjusted according to the grayscale value distribution of each grayscale image, and is not limited to 149 of the above embodiment.
接下來,如同步驟308所述,可根據所獲得之二值化影像的平滑程度,選擇性地利用例如影像處理技術中之型態學方式的膨脹(Dilation)處理法則,使二值化影像中之白色區塊的鋸齒狀邊緣更加的平滑。接著,如同步驟310所述,利用影像處理技術中之分割法,將二值化影像中之白色區塊分割成數個區塊。這些區塊分別對應連結於端切機內之物體的影像,例如鋼帶影像。Next, as described in step 308, according to the degree of smoothness of the obtained binarized image, the Dilation processing method such as the pattern method in the image processing technology can be selectively utilized to make the binarized image The jagged edges of the white blocks are smoother. Next, as described in step 310, the white block in the binarized image is segmented into a plurality of blocks using a segmentation method in the image processing technique. These blocks correspond to images of objects attached to the end-cutting machine, such as steel strip images.
然後,如同步驟312所述,計算這些區塊的影像特徵值,例如區塊面積、區塊與矩形的相似度、包圍對應於鋼帶影像之區塊的最小矩形(Bounding Rectangle)、與區塊中心的X軸座標。其中,區塊與矩形的相似度又稱為區塊之矩形度(Rectangularity),區塊中心的X軸座標可定義為最小矩形之中心的X座標。在一實施例中,對應於鋼帶影像之區塊的面積可為12817像素。Then, as described in step 312, the image feature values of the blocks are calculated, such as the block area, the similarity of the block to the rectangle, the Bounding Rectangle surrounding the block corresponding to the steel strip image, and the block. The center's X-axis coordinates. The similarity between the block and the rectangle is also called the Rectangularity of the block, and the X-axis coordinate of the center of the block can be defined as the X coordinate of the center of the smallest rectangle. In one embodiment, the area of the block corresponding to the steel strip image may be 12817 pixels.
完成影像處理後,請再次參照第2圖,如同步驟208所述,根據影像處理後所獲得之特徵值,決定整張影像中要進行進一步處理研究的影像處理範圍,藉以大幅縮減後續進行處理的運算與偵測時間。在一實施例中,經過現場實際觀察發現,發生鋼帶切尾留滯的狀況時,切尾部分均會位在端切機之平台上。因此,此實施例係將影像處理範圍設定在端切機之平台上的區域,且藉由影像特徵值中的包圍對應於鋼帶影像之區塊的最小矩形來推算影像處理的範圍。After the image processing is completed, please refer to FIG. 2 again. As described in step 208, according to the feature values obtained after the image processing, the image processing range of the entire image to be further processed is determined, thereby greatly reducing the subsequent processing. Calculation and detection time. In an embodiment, after actual observation on the spot, it is found that when the steel strip is left behind, the tail cutting portion will be located on the platform of the end cutting machine. Therefore, this embodiment sets the image processing range to the area on the platform of the end-cutting machine, and estimates the range of image processing by enclosing the smallest rectangle corresponding to the block of the steel strip image in the image feature value.
舉例而言,請參照第5圖,在此二值化影像400中,令A為包圍對應於鋼帶影像之區塊的最小矩形402的左邊緣406的X座標值,而影像處理範圍404的左邊緣412的X座標值定義為A+0.21×最小矩形402之寬度410,影像處理範圍404的寬度414定義為0.54×最小矩形402之寬度410,而影像處理範圍404的高度416則定義相同於最小矩形402之高度408。For example, referring to FIG. 5, in the binarized image 400, let A be the X coordinate value of the left edge 406 of the smallest rectangle 402 surrounding the block corresponding to the steel strip image, and the image processing range 404 The X coordinate value of the left edge 412 is defined as the width 410 of A + 0.21 x the minimum rectangle 402, the width 414 of the image processing range 404 is defined as the width 410 of the minimum rectangle 402 of 0.54 x, and the height 416 of the image processing range 404 is defined as the same. The height 408 of the smallest rectangle 402.
接下來,請再次參照第1圖與第2圖,如同步驟210所述,再次利用感測器112對端切機進行感測,以感測端切機是否已對鋼帶進行切尾處理,並獲得鋼帶切尾的時間點。當感測器112感測到端切機已對鋼帶進行切尾後,如同步驟212所述,再次利用攝影機102對端切機之內部進行攝影取像,以獲得鋼帶切尾後端切機內部之影像。同樣地,攝影機102攝影取像所獲得之影像可為彩色影像。接著,同樣先利用控制器104之影像擷取卡106來擷取攝影機102所拍攝之影像。再將影像擷取卡106所擷取之影像傳送至控制器104之影像處理單元108。接著,如步驟214所述,利用影像處理單元108對影像擷取卡106所傳來之影像進行影像處理。Next, referring again to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, as described in step 210, the end-cutting machine is again sensed by the sensor 112 to sense whether the end-cutting machine has finished cutting the steel strip. And get the time point of the steel strip cutting. After the sensor 112 senses that the end cutting machine has finished cutting the steel strip, as described in step 212, the camera 102 is again used to perform photographic imaging on the inside of the end cutting machine to obtain a steel strip cutting tail end cut. The image inside the machine. Similarly, the image obtained by the camera 102 for capturing images may be a color image. Then, the image captured by the camera 102 is captured by the image capture card 106 of the controller 104. The image captured by the image capture card 106 is transmitted to the image processing unit 108 of the controller 104. Then, as described in step 214, the image processing unit 108 performs image processing on the image transmitted by the image capturing card 106.
在此實施例的步驟214中,進行影像處理時,所採用之影像處理程序可與步驟206之影像處理程序完成相同。舉例而言,步驟214與206之影像處理程序可均依照第3圖所示之影像處理300的程序來進行。但步驟214與206不同之處在於,步驟214之影像處理僅對位在影像處理範圍中的影像部分進行處理。完成步驟214的影像處理後,可獲得鋼帶切尾後之影像的特徵值,包含例如對應於切尾部分之影像之區塊的面積、與此區塊之位置中心的X軸座標。In step 214 of this embodiment, when the image processing is performed, the image processing program used may be the same as the image processing program of step 206. For example, the image processing programs of steps 214 and 206 can be performed in accordance with the program of image processing 300 shown in FIG. Steps 214 and 206 differ in that the image processing of step 214 only processes the portion of the image that is in the image processing range. After the image processing of step 214 is completed, the feature value of the image after the tail of the steel strip is obtained, and includes, for example, the area of the block corresponding to the image of the tail portion and the X-axis coordinate of the center of the position of the block.
接下來,如同步驟216所述,利用第1圖之控制器104的控制單元110來篩選影像中面積落在預設面積範圍內、且影像中位置中心的X座標落在預設座標範圍內的區塊(即切尾部分之影像)。當有篩選出區塊,其面積落在預設面積範圍內,且位置中心的X座標也落在預設座標範圍內,控制單元110即可據此判斷出位於影像處理範圍中之第二影像有鋼帶之切尾部分的影像。若並未篩選有任何區塊,其面積落在預設面積範圍內且位置中心的X座標也落在預設座標範圍內,則控制單元110即可據此判斷出位於影像處理範圍中之第二影像並沒有鋼帶之切尾部分的影像。此時,偵測方法200即可重新進行,來偵測下一個進入端切機進行切尾的鋼帶的切尾留滯狀況。Next, as described in step 216, the control unit 110 of the controller 104 of FIG. 1 is used to filter the area of the image falling within the preset area, and the X coordinate of the center of the position in the image falls within the preset coordinate range. Block (ie the image of the tail cut). When a block is selected, the area falls within a preset area, and the X coordinate of the center of the position also falls within the preset coordinate range, and the control unit 110 can determine the second image located in the image processing range accordingly. There is an image of the tail section of the steel strip. If there is no block selected, the area falls within the preset area and the X coordinate of the center of the position also falls within the preset coordinate range, the control unit 110 can determine the first in the image processing range. The second image does not have an image of the tail portion of the steel strip. At this point, the detection method 200 can be re-executed to detect the tail-tailing condition of the next steel strip entering the end-cutting machine for cutting.
當步驟216之判斷結果為是時,則如同步驟218所述,依序重複進行上述之步驟212、214與216一預設次數,例如十次。當預設次數所獲得之判斷步驟216的結果均為是時,表示鋼帶之切尾部分確實殘留在端切機中。此時,請再次參照第1圖,控制器104之控制單元110可對警報裝置114發出啟動訊號,來驅動警報裝置114發出警報。偵測系統100之警報裝置114發出預警後,將暫停攝影取像與影像處理。此時,現場工作人員則可先檢查是否有異常狀況,進一步可進行異常狀況的排除。When the result of the determination in step 216 is YES, the steps 212, 214 and 216 are repeated a predetermined number of times, for example ten times, as described in step 218. When the result of the judgment step 216 obtained by the preset number of times is YES, it means that the cut end portion of the steel strip does remain in the end slitter. At this time, referring again to FIG. 1, the control unit 110 of the controller 104 can issue an activation signal to the alarm device 114 to drive the alarm device 114 to issue an alarm. After the alarm device 114 of the detection system 100 issues an alert, the camera capture and image processing will be suspended. At this point, the field staff can check whether there is an abnormal condition and further eliminate the abnormal condition.
在一些實施例中,於鋼帶切尾後,第一次進行判斷步驟216發現有切尾部分的影像時,後續之判斷步驟可僅針對與切尾部分之影像相對應之區塊的位置中心X座標的變動範圍是否落在一定範圍內。在一例子中,如第6圖所示,於第一次判斷步驟216發現有切尾部分的影像後,後續進行的十次判斷中,與切尾部分之影像相對應之區塊的位置中心X座標均在影像處理範圍之左邊緣的X座標與右邊緣的X座標之間震盪時,則表示鋼帶之切尾部分確實殘留在端切機中。In some embodiments, after the steel strip is tail-cut, the first step of the determining step 216 is to find the image of the tail-cut portion, and the subsequent determining step may only be for the position center of the block corresponding to the image of the tail-cut portion. Whether the range of variation of the X coordinate falls within a certain range. In an example, as shown in FIG. 6, after the image of the tail-cut portion is found in the first determining step 216, the position center of the block corresponding to the image of the tail-cut portion is determined in the subsequent ten determinations. When the X coordinate is oscillated between the X coordinate of the left edge of the image processing range and the X coordinate of the right edge, it means that the cut end portion of the steel strip does remain in the end cutting machine.
由上述之實施方式可知,本發明之一優點就是因為本發明之鋼帶切尾之偵測方係利用攝影取像的非接觸方式來偵測鋼帶切尾殘留。因此,偵測裝置可不需與生產設備接觸,而可有效避免現場噪音、震動與粉塵的干擾,故可降低偵測裝置之故障率。It can be seen from the above embodiments that one of the advantages of the present invention is that the detection method of the steel strip tail cutting of the present invention utilizes the non-contact method of photographic image taking to detect the residual tail of the steel strip. Therefore, the detecting device can avoid contact with the production equipment, and can effectively avoid the interference of the scene noise, vibration and dust, thereby reducing the failure rate of the detecting device.
由上述之實施方式可知,本發明之鋼帶切尾之偵測方法可有效偵測端切機內之鋼帶切尾時的狀況,有利於現場工作人員即時進行異常狀況的排除。因此,運用此方法除了可減輕現場工作人員的負擔,更可避免鋼帶之切尾影響鋼帶之軋延品質,進而可提升熱軋作業的效率、降低製程成本。It can be seen from the above embodiments that the method for detecting the tail of the steel strip of the present invention can effectively detect the condition of the steel strip in the end-cutting machine, which is beneficial to the on-site staff to eliminate the abnormal condition immediately. Therefore, in addition to reducing the burden on the field staff, the use of this method can avoid the influence of the cutting of the steel strip on the rolling quality of the steel strip, thereby improving the efficiency of the hot rolling operation and reducing the process cost.
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何在此技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。While the present invention has been described above by way of example, it is not intended to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
100...偵測系統100. . . Detection system
102...攝影機102. . . camera
104...控制器104. . . Controller
106...影像擷取卡106. . . Image capture card
108...影像處理單元108. . . Image processing unit
110...控制單元110. . . control unit
112...感測器112. . . Sensor
114...警報裝置114. . . Alarm device
200...偵測方法200. . . Detection method
202...步驟202. . . step
204...步驟204. . . step
206...步驟206. . . step
208...步驟208. . . step
210...步驟210. . . step
212...步驟212. . . step
214...步驟214. . . step
216...步驟216. . . step
218...步驟218. . . step
300...影像處理300. . . Image processing
302...步驟302. . . step
304...步驟304. . . step
306...步驟306. . . step
308...步驟308. . . step
310...步驟310. . . step
312...步驟312. . . step
400...二值化影像400. . . Binarized image
402...最小矩形402. . . Minimum rectangle
404...影像處理範圍404. . . Image processing range
406...左邊緣406. . . Left edge
408...高度408. . . height
410...寬度410. . . width
412...左邊緣412. . . Left edge
414...寬度414. . . width
416...高度416. . . height
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂,所附圖式之說明如下:The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent and understood.
第1圖係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種鋼帶切尾之偵測系統的裝置示意圖。1 is a schematic view of a device for detecting a steel strip tail in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
第2圖係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種鋼帶切尾之偵測方法的流程圖。2 is a flow chart showing a method for detecting a steel strip tail according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第3圖係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種影像處理方法的流程圖。3 is a flow chart showing an image processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第4圖係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種灰階影像之灰階值分佈圖。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a gray scale value distribution diagram of a gray scale image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第5圖係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種包圍對應於鋼帶影像之區塊的最小矩形與影像處理範圍之相對關係示意圖。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relative relationship between the minimum rectangle surrounding the block corresponding to the image of the steel strip and the image processing range according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第6圖係繪示對應於鋼帶切尾部分之影像的區塊的位置中心X座標在時間軸上的變動曲線圖。Fig. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the position center X coordinate of the block corresponding to the image of the tail portion of the steel strip on the time axis.
200...偵測方法200. . . Detection method
202...步驟202. . . step
204...步驟204. . . step
206...步驟206. . . step
208...步驟208. . . step
210...步驟210. . . step
212...步驟212. . . step
214...步驟214. . . step
216...步驟216. . . step
218...步驟218. . . step
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