TWI444522B - The method and apparatus for bridge callapse monitoring - Google Patents
The method and apparatus for bridge callapse monitoring Download PDFInfo
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本發明係關於一種斷橋監測裝置及方法，特別是一種利用時域反射方法同時量測橋樑結構變形以及橋樑單元間伸張狀態之裝置。The invention relates to a bridge monitoring device and method, in particular to a device for simultaneously measuring deformation of a bridge structure and a state of extension between bridge units by using a time domain reflection method.
橋樑單元間伸張狀態，如伸縮縫或大樑與墩柱之間距變化為橋樑安全評鑑資訊之一。傳統一般橋樑伸縮縫之伸張量測僅利用一固定長度鋼索安裝至伸縮縫間，後續以人工目視檢核鋼索斷裂與否，該種人工檢視的方法缺乏伸縮縫伸張變化歷史資料，且無法即時自動回報斷裂訊息，可能錯失橋樑安全警訊發佈黃金時間。另一種習知的做法為利用一自動化電子式伸張計來做量測，在伸縮縫或大樑與墩柱數量較多之情形下，整體建置成本高。另外橋樑若因橋墩下陷或變位發生時，基於力學機制，常伴隨橋面結構在若干區域產生應力集中現象，使得橋面結構發生變形或破裂等結果。而一般傳統監控橋墩或橋面結構變形方法大多採用電子式應變計，此種電子式應變計容易損壞且易受雜訊干擾，實務應用效果較不彰。光纖感測技術雖可避免上述干擾問題，並提供多點多感測器於單一傳輸線等優勢，然而目前光纖感測技術主機成本偏高，加上主機於實地野外環境仍有耐久與穩定之虞，於實務應用有其限制。The extension between bridge units, such as expansion joints or changes in the distance between the girders and the piers, is one of the bridge safety assessment information. The extensional tensile measurement of the traditional general bridge expansion joints is only installed with a fixed length of steel cable to the expansion joints. The manual inspection of the steel cables is followed by manual inspection. This manual inspection method lacks the history of expansion and expansion of the expansion joints and cannot be automatically and automatically. Reporting a broken message may miss the golden time of the bridge security alert. Another conventional practice is to use an automated electronic extension meter for measurement. In the case of a large number of expansion joints or girders and columns, the overall construction cost is high. In addition, if the bridge occurs due to the subsidence or displacement of the pier, the mechanical mechanism is often accompanied by the stress concentration phenomenon of the bridge deck structure in several areas, which causes the bridge deck structure to deform or rupture. Most of the traditional methods of monitoring bridge piers or bridge deck deformations use electronic strain gauges. Such electronic strain gauges are easily damaged and susceptible to noise interference, and the practical application effects are less obvious. Although fiber-optic sensing technology can avoid the above interference problems and provide advantages of multi-point multi-sensors in a single transmission line, the current cost of fiber-optic sensing technology is high, and the host is still durable and stable in the field. There are restrictions on practical applications.
時域反射法係利用時域反射儀發射電磁波，類似雷達 原理，探測不同感應導波器之反射波形，利用反射波形在感應導波器之走時，可轉換感應導波器長度變化，即傳統基於時域反射法之TDR伸張感應導波器。而感應導波器若受外力使其感應導波器變形或剪動，造成感應導波器局部阻抗發生變化，時域反射儀探測便可記錄此局部變化之反射訊號，以瞭解感應導波器變形或剪動位置與變化過程，此TDR錯動變形感應導波器已經廣泛利用於山坡滑動或是道路邊坡滑動監測應用。雖然此兩種感應導波器可提供斷橋監測使用，但傳統上兩者感應導波器需個別利用延伸纜線連接至時域反射儀，以伸張感應導波器為例，則需配合時域反射儀多組量測頻道以及連接纜線進行多點單元間距觀測，配置較為複雜且成本較高。Time domain reflectometry uses a time domain reflectometer to emit electromagnetic waves, similar to radar The principle is to detect the reflection waveforms of different induction waveguides, and use the reflection waveform to change the length change of the induction waveguide when the induction waveguide is moved, that is, the TDR extension induction waveguide based on the traditional time domain reflection method. If the inductive waveguide is deformed or sheared by the externally induced wave inducer, the local impedance of the inductive waveguide changes, and the time domain reflectometer detects the reflected signal of the local variation to understand the inductive waveguide. The deformation or shear position and change process, this TDR staggered deformation induction wave guide has been widely used in hillside sliding or road slope sliding monitoring applications. Although the two types of inductive waveguides can be used for bridge monitoring, traditionally, the two inductive waveguides need to be connected to the time domain reflectometer by an extension cable, and the extensional inductive waveguide is taken as an example. The domain reflector has multiple sets of measurement channels and connecting cables for multi-point cell spacing observation, which is complicated and costly.
有鑑於此，本發明乃提出一種利用時域反射法之測量裝置以針對上述之缺點加以改進。In view of this, the present invention proposes a measuring apparatus using a time domain reflection method to improve the above disadvantages.
有鑑於前述習知技術之缺失，本發明提出一種利用時域反射(Time Domain Reflectometry,TDR)同時量測橋樑結構變形以及橋樑單元間距狀態之裝置，以期解決習知技術之問題。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a device for simultaneously measuring the deformation of a bridge structure and the spacing state of a bridge unit by using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), in order to solve the problems of the prior art.
時域反射法為一傳輸線式的監測技術，時域反射儀發射並接收反射電磁波，利用其原理可設計不同的感應導波器(Sensing waveguide)，以監測不同的物理量，例如：土壤含水量、導電度、水位、位移。多個感應導波器可經由一多工器連接到同一個TDR訊號發射器，且有自動控制功 能，如此可同時增加時間與空間解析度。監測系統維護成本低，且由反射波形可檢測整個監測線路之狀態，提供自我診斷之功能。時域反射法具有諸多優點，適合現地的自動化監測，故本發明之目的是提供一種即時利用時域反射法整合伸張感測以及剪動變形感測來自動化監測橋樑單元間距變位之裝置。The time domain reflection method is a transmission line type monitoring technology. The time domain reflectometer emits and receives reflected electromagnetic waves. The principle can be used to design different sensing waveguides to monitor different physical quantities, such as soil moisture content. Conductivity, water level, displacement. Multiple inductive waveguides can be connected to the same TDR signal transmitter via a multiplexer with automatic control functions Yes, this can increase both time and space resolution. The monitoring system has low maintenance cost, and the reflected waveform can detect the state of the entire monitoring line and provide self-diagnosis function. The time domain reflection method has many advantages and is suitable for automatic monitoring in the field. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a device for automatically monitoring the displacement of the bridge unit by using the time domain reflection method to integrate the extension sensing and the shear deformation sensing.
本發明之另一目的為透過TDR伸張感應導波器可提供橋樑單元間距之伸張變化監測使用，另外透過TDR錯動變形感應導波器可提供橋面結構變形或破裂監測使用。Another object of the present invention is to provide a tensile change monitoring of the bridge unit spacing through the TDR extensional inductive waveguide, and to provide deformation or crack monitoring of the bridge deck structure through the TDR displacement deformation sensing waveguide.
本發明之再一目的可更進一步考量現場安裝以及感測器配置與成本，將TDR伸張感應導波器與TDR錯動變形感應導波器整合串接，形成一個單一線路但具有多點感應導波器之量測裝置，可在單一線路中，同時提供多點的伸張感應量測以及錯動變形感應量測，滿足斷橋監測所需量測之物理量，縮減成本與提高效率。另外可配合時域反射技術既有監測功能，如河川水位與橋墩基座淘刷，形成一完整之橋樑安全監測系統。Still another object of the present invention is to further consider the field installation and the sensor configuration and cost, and integrate the TDR extensional inductive waveguide with the TDR misalignment deformation inductive waveguide to form a single line but have a multi-point sensing guide. The measuring device of the wave device can provide multi-point tensile sensing measurement and displacement deformation sensing measurement in a single line, which can meet the physical quantity required for the bridge monitoring, reduce the cost and improve the efficiency. In addition, it can be combined with time domain reflection technology to have monitoring functions, such as river water level and bridge pier scouring, to form a complete bridge safety monitoring system.
由於本發明係揭露一種利用時域反射法同時量測橋面結構變形以及橋樑單元間距伸張狀態之裝置，其中所利用到的一些關於電磁波或導波器等之定義、詳細製造或處理過程，係利用現有技術來達成，故在下述說明中，並不作完整描述。而且下述內文中之圖式，亦並未依據實際之相關尺寸完整繪製，其作用僅在表達與本發明特徵有關之示 意圖。Since the present invention discloses a device for simultaneously measuring deformation of a bridge deck structure and a stretched state of a bridge unit by using a time domain reflection method, some of the definitions, detailed manufacturing processes, or processes for electromagnetic waves or waveguides are utilized. This is accomplished using the prior art and is not fully described in the following description. Moreover, the drawings in the following texts are not completely drawn according to the actual relevant dimensions, and their functions are only expressed in relation to the features of the present invention. intention.
本發明係關於一種利用時域反射法(Time Domain Reflectometry，TDR)同時量測橋面結構變形以及橋樑單元間距(如伸縮縫)伸張狀態之裝置。請先參閱圖一，本發明之時域反射斷橋監測裝置包含有：時域反射儀(Time domain reflectometer)(1)、同軸纜線(2)、TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)以及TDR伸張感應導波器(4)。其中TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)以及TDR伸張感應導波器(4)可透過同軸纜線(2)進行串接，而串接之順序、數量以及導波器間隔距離可依監測需求而定，非一固定型式，而圖一僅為一種實施態樣，本案的保護範圍不以此自限。而串接完成後包含數組TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)以及TDR伸張感應導波器(4)之時域反射斷橋監測裝置則再經由同軸纜線(2)連接至時域反射儀(1)。時域反射儀(1)發射電磁脈波後，並同時接收TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)以及TDR伸張感應導波器(4)之個別反射訊號；TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)之反射訊號可進一步分析電磁波於TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)之訊號能量變化，以提供錯動變形發生位置與狀態；TDR伸張感應導波器(4)之反射訊號可進一步分析電磁波於TDR伸張感應導波器(4)之來回走時，用以偵測結構縫隙伸縮量。The invention relates to a device for simultaneously measuring the deformation of a bridge deck structure and the extension of a bridge unit spacing (such as an expansion joint) by using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). Referring to FIG. 1 , the time domain reflectance bridge monitoring device of the present invention comprises: a time domain reflectometer (1), a coaxial cable (2), and a TDR staggered deformation sensing waveguide (3). And TDR stretching sensor (4). The TDR staggered deformation induction wave guide (3) and the TDR extension induction wave guide (4) can be serially connected through the coaxial cable (2), and the sequence, the number of serial connections and the distance between the waveguides can be monitored. Depending on the demand, it is not a fixed type, and Figure 1 is only one implementation. The scope of protection of this case is not self-limiting. The time domain reflection bridge monitoring device including the array TDR staggered deformation induction waveguide (3) and the TDR extension induction waveguide (4) after the serial connection is completed is connected to the time domain reflection via the coaxial cable (2). Instrument (1). The time domain reflectometer (1) emits the electromagnetic pulse wave, and simultaneously receives the TDR staggered deformation induction wave guide (3) and the TDR extensional induction wave guide (4) individual reflection signals; TDR displacement deformation induction wave guide (3) The reflection signal can further analyze the signal energy change of the electromagnetic wave on the TDR displacement deformation induction wave guide (3) to provide the position and state of the displacement deformation; the reflection signal of the TDR extension induction wave guide (4) can be Further analysis of the electromagnetic wave is used to detect the amount of structural expansion and contraction when the TDR stretched inductive waveguide (4) is moved back and forth.
其中，本發明裝置中TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)的較佳實施例如圖二所示，其主要構造乃利用同軸纜線周圍握裹材料(5)包覆同軸纜線(2)。同軸纜線周圍握裹材料(5)可為水泥或其他可附著式固體材料，除可包覆同軸纜線 (2)，並能與橋體結構，如橋面版或橋護欄，進而鎖固或接著而形成一複合固體材料。當橋面結構發生變形或錯動，使得此一複合固體材料形狀發生變化甚至破裂，進而改變同軸纜線(2)既有形狀，將造成電磁波於同軸纜線(2)變形處發生反射訊號，以能瞭解錯動變形發生位置與狀態。此外，為了修正時域反射儀(1)本身可能的訊號發射起點飄移及同軸纜線(2)因溫度不同而造成電磁波到達TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)之時間不同，需設置同軸纜線阻抗不連續界面(6)，以提供一個訊號起始或結束參考點。The preferred embodiment of the TDR staggered deformation sensing waveguide (3) in the device of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2, and the main structure is to cover the coaxial cable by using the surrounding wrapping material (5) of the coaxial cable (2). . The wrap material around the coaxial cable (5) can be cement or other attachable solid material, except for covering the coaxial cable (2) and can be combined with a bridge structure, such as a deck deck or bridge guardrail, to lock or otherwise form a composite solid material. When the bridge deck structure is deformed or displaced, the shape of the composite solid material changes or even ruptures, thereby changing the shape of the coaxial cable (2), which will cause electromagnetic waves to reflect signals at the deformation of the coaxial cable (2). In order to understand the location and state of the displacement. In addition, in order to correct the time shift of the signal emission starting point of the time domain reflectometer (1) itself and the coaxial cable (2) due to the temperature difference, the electromagnetic wave reaches the TDR, and the time of the induction wave guide (3) is different. The cable impedance is discontinuous (6) to provide a signal start or end reference point.
本發明裝置中TDR伸張感應導波器(4)的較佳實施例如圖三所示，其主要操作原理係利用一公元件與一母元件，提供TDR伸張感應導波器(4)伸張縮短之操作機制。因此TDR伸張感應導波器(4)主要構造乃利用一組公元件，包含公型外導體連接桿(7)與公型內導體連接桿(9)，以及一組母元件，包含母型外導體連接桿(8)與母型內導體連接桿(10)，使公母元件之間能伸張縮短，進而使TDR伸張感應導波器(4)整體長度可改變。而公元件與母元件可個別鎖固於橋樑單元間距(如伸縮縫)兩側，當橋樑伸縮縫間距發生改變，則牽動TDR伸張感應導波器(4)整體長度變化，以能量測橋樑伸縮縫間距變化情形。而TDR伸張感應導波器(4)為避免使內外導體接觸形成訊號短路，則於母型內導體連接桿(10)設置一絕緣固定器(11)。此外，為了修正時域反射儀(1)本身可能的訊號發射起點飄移及同軸纜線(2)因溫度不同而造成電磁波到達TDR伸張感應導波器(4)之時間不同，需設置同軸纜線阻抗不連續界面(6)，以提供一個 訊號起始與結束參考點，透過兩組同軸纜線阻抗不連續界面(6)相對距離變化，計算TDR伸張感應導波器(4)長度。A preferred embodiment of the TDR extensional inductive waveguide (4) in the device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. The main operation principle is to provide a TDR extensional waveguide (4) with a male component and a female component. Operating mechanism. Therefore, the main structure of the TDR extensional inductive waveguide (4) is to use a set of male components, including a male outer conductor connecting rod (7) and a male inner conductor connecting rod (9), and a set of female components, including the female type. The conductor connecting rod (8) and the female inner conductor connecting rod (10) can extend and shorten the male and female components, so that the overall length of the TDR stretching sensing waveguide (4) can be changed. The male component and the female component can be individually locked on both sides of the bridge unit spacing (such as the expansion joint). When the spacing of the expansion joint of the bridge changes, the overall length of the TDR extensional induction waveguide (4) is changed, and the bridge is measured by energy. The expansion joint spacing changes. The TDR extensional inductive waveguide (4) is provided with an insulating holder (11) on the female inner conductor connecting rod (10) in order to avoid contact between the inner and outer conductors to form a signal short circuit. In addition, in order to correct the time shift of the signal emission starting point of the time domain reflectometer (1) itself and the time when the coaxial cable (2) causes the electromagnetic wave to reach the TDR stretching sensor (4) due to the difference in temperature, a coaxial cable is required. Impedance discontinuous interface (6) to provide a The start and end reference points of the signal are calculated by the relative distance between the two sets of coaxial cable impedance discontinuous interfaces (6), and the length of the TDR extensional inductive waveguide (4) is calculated.
前述電磁波於時域反射斷橋監測裝置來回反射訊號，其較佳實施例如圖四所示。圖中包含前述圖一中之TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)以及TDR伸張感應導波器(4)之初始反射波形(實線)以及受錯動和伸張後的反射波形(虛線)。而在TDR錯動變形感應導波器(3)反射波形區段，因橋面結構錯動變形之故，使得其反射訊號產生一向下波形特徵，此一負反射訊號特徵的位置可以提供橋面錯動或變形相對位置，而向下的幅度變化，可轉換為錯動增加量。而在TDR伸張感應導波器(4)反射波形段區段，因橋樑伸縮縫伸張關係，使得TDR伸張感應導波器(4)長度增加，因此TDR伸張感應導波器(4)末端結束之反射訊號向右延伸，與原本初始之末端結束反射訊號發生一相對位移，即可轉換為TDR伸張感應導波器(4)長度增加量，亦即橋樑伸縮縫伸張量。該橋樑錯動與伸縮縫伸張量可用以判斷橋樑是否有變形、斷裂或已形成危橋，以另以一警示裝置(圖中未示)加以警示，以提醒使用橋樑民眾加以注意，因該警示裝置可為一閃爍燈號，為一般習知技術所慣用，故不在此做一贅述。The electromagnetic wave reflects the signal back and forth in the time domain reflection bridge monitoring device, and a preferred embodiment thereof is shown in FIG. The figure includes the initial reflection waveform (solid line) of the TDR staggered deformation induction waveguide (3) and the TDR extension induction waveguide (4) in the above-mentioned Fig. 1 and the reflected waveform after being displaced and stretched (dashed line). . In the reflected waveform section of the TDR staggered deformation inductive waveguide (3), due to the staggered deformation of the bridge structure, the reflected signal generates a downward waveform characteristic, and the position of the negative reflection signal feature can provide the bridge surface. The displacement or deformation relative position, and the downward amplitude change, can be converted into a shift increase. In the TDR stretching sensor (4) reflected waveform segment, the length of the TDR extensional waveguide (4) increases due to the extension of the bridge expansion joint, so the end of the TDR extensional induction waveguide (4) ends. The reflection signal extends to the right and is displaced relative to the original end-end reflection signal, which can be converted into the length increase of the TDR extension-type waveguide (4), that is, the extension of the bridge expansion joint. The bridge displacement and expansion joint tensor can be used to judge whether the bridge is deformed, broken or has formed a dangerous bridge, and is additionally alerted by a warning device (not shown) to remind the use of the bridge people to pay attention to it. The device can be a flashing light, which is conventionally used in the prior art, and therefore will not be described here.
圖五係為本發明另一較佳實施例時域反射斷橋監測裝置示意圖，其中時域反射儀以及資料擷取器部分可置於地表，透過多工器(Multiplexer)以及同軸傳輸纜線，將多點TDR不同監測感測器連接，形成一機多工之功能。自傳輸纜線(Lead Cable)連接多工器(Multiplexer) 開始，至監測資料由無線方式傳回到監測站為止，其係包括有：5 is a schematic diagram of a time domain reflection bridge monitoring device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the time domain reflectometer and the data extractor portion can be placed on the surface, through a multiplexer and a coaxial transmission cable. Multi-point TDR different monitoring sensors are connected to form a multi-machine function. Self-transport cable (Lead Cable) connection multiplexer (Multiplexer) At the beginning, until the monitoring data is transmitted wirelessly back to the monitoring station, the system includes:
一多工器(Multiplexer)22：多工器主要的功能在於擴充同時監測的感測器21數量，以達最大的經濟效益。本研究採用的TDR多工器一組可同時連接8條傳輸纜線，亦可多組多工器串接，至多可連接512條傳輸纜線，但是設置於橋樑之感測器21僅需使用一條長度足夠纜線，即能達到監測橋樑的功能。A Multiplexer 22: The main function of the multiplexer is to expand the number of sensors 21 that are simultaneously monitored for maximum economic benefit. The TDR multiplexer used in this study can connect 8 transmission cables at the same time, or multiple sets of multiplexers can be connected in series, and at most 512 transmission cables can be connected, but the sensor 21 installed in the bridge only needs to be used. A cable of sufficient length can achieve the function of monitoring the bridge.
一時域反射儀(TDR)23：時域反射儀23為一脈衝電壓產生器，產生之脈衝電壓傳至同軸電纜線，由內建之訊號採樣器擷取反射訊號，進而利用資料擷取器24下載或上傳儲存資料。時域反射儀23另有RS232接孔，可外接電腦透過控制軟體直接操作。A time domain reflectometer (TDR) 23: The time domain reflectometer 23 is a pulse voltage generator, and the generated pulse voltage is transmitted to the coaxial cable, and the reflected signal is captured by the built-in signal sampler, and then the data extractor 24 is utilized. Download or upload the saved data. The time domain reflectometer 23 has an RS232 connection hole, which can be directly operated by an external computer through the control software.
一資料擷取器(Datalogger)24或嵌入式系統：資料擷取器24為一小型的電腦，可透過擷取器商業控制程式軟體進行資料擷取器24的操控與上傳下載資料。依據擷取資料形態的不同(如TDR或是傳統類比設備)，可設定不同的量測參數與時間排程的設定，其目的在於以自動化的方式，啟動感測器21探測並將量測資料收集儲存，其特色在於耗電量少，系統穩定性佳，但執行高階運算處理能力較差。嵌入式系統(Embedded system)可取代傳統資料擷取器，其特色在於運算處理速度快，且可自訂資料分析流程，因此可在現地將擷取之TDR波 形資料，即時於資料擷取器中進行分析，得到觀測物理量，大大減少資料傳輸量。A datalogger 24 or an embedded system: the data capture device 24 is a small computer that can be used to control and upload and download data by the data capture device 24 through the software control software of the capture device. Depending on the type of data acquisition (such as TDR or traditional analog equipment), different measurement parameters and time schedule settings can be set. The purpose is to activate the sensor 21 to detect and measure the data in an automated manner. Collecting and storing is characterized by low power consumption and good system stability, but the ability to perform high-order arithmetic processing is poor. The embedded system can replace the traditional data extractor, which is characterized by fast processing speed and custom data analysis process, so the TDR wave can be captured in the field. The shape data is analyzed immediately in the data extractor to obtain the observed physical quantity, which greatly reduces the amount of data transmission.
一資料儲存器(Storage)25：用以儲存資料擷取器24之資料，資料儲存器之儲存媒介為一快閃記憶體模組，可配合市面販售的快閃記憶卡，其目的為擴充資料擷取器之內建暫存記憶體，將擷取資料另外備份。利用資料擷取器控制程式，可定期將所擷取的監測資料儲存備份於資料儲存器中。另可透過收錄與控制系統程式軟體設定，直接或遠端下載觀測資料。A data storage device (Storage) 25 for storing data of the data extractor 24, the storage medium of the data storage device is a flash memory module, which can be matched with a flash memory card sold in the market, and the purpose thereof is to expand The data storage device has built-in temporary storage memory, and the data is additionally backed up. The data collector control program can be used to periodically back up the captured monitoring data in the data storage. The observation data can also be downloaded directly or remotely through the inclusion and control system program software settings.
一警示裝置26，接收資料擷取器24所獲得監測信號，以啟動該警示裝置。A warning device 26 receives the monitoring signal obtained by the data capture device 24 to activate the warning device.
一行動通訊裝置27，接收資料擷取器24所獲得監測信號，以一行動通訊裝置傳送簡訊至管理單位。A mobile communication device 27 receives the monitoring signal obtained by the data extractor 24 and transmits the short message to the management unit by a mobile communication device.
一筆記型電腦28，用以與資料擷取器連接，以便於在筆記型電腦上顯示監測信號。A notebook computer 28 is connected to the data capture device for displaying the monitoring signal on the notebook computer.
一蓄電池29與太陽能電板30，用以接收光源以產生電力，並提供給資料擷取器24所使用。A battery 29 and a solar panel 30 are used to receive the light source to generate electricity and provide it to the data extractor 24.
請參閱圖六所示，係為本發明斷橋監測方法之流程示意圖，其係包括：Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a schematic flowchart of the method for monitoring the broken bridge of the present invention, which includes:
40 纜線波形量測40 cable waveform measurement
41 設置一時域反射監測裝置於橋樑上；41 setting a time domain reflection monitoring device on the bridge;
42 量測該時域反射監測裝置之纜線波形初始值；42 measuring an initial value of a cable waveform of the time domain reflection monitoring device;
43 該時域反射監測持續量測纜線波形；43 the time domain reflection monitoring continuously measures the cable waveform;
50 波形分析、判釋50 waveform analysis, interpretation
51 對該時域反射監測所量測纜線波形進行分析；51 analyzing the waveform of the measured cable for the time domain reflection monitoring;
52 檢測纜線末端反射係數變化是否超過一預設數值，若為是執行步驟(g)；若為否執行步驟(f)，該預定數值為正負0.5，而TDR波形判斷及系統啟動方法主要如下，主要係依纜線開始受剪變形，會產生負反射尖端(Spike)，纜線剪斷時，可能造成短路(內外導體碰觸)或斷路(內外導體未碰觸)，故其發送警報主要係以波形往上(斷路)或末端反射係數接近-0.5(短路)作為判斷依據；52 Check whether the change of the reflection coefficient at the end of the cable exceeds a preset value. If it is the execution step (g); if the step (f) is performed, the predetermined value is plus or minus 0.5, and the TDR waveform judgment and system startup method are mainly as follows: Mainly due to the beginning of shear deformation of the cable, a negative reflection tip (Spike) will be generated. When the cable is cut, it may cause a short circuit (internal and external conductors touch) or an open circuit (the inner and outer conductors are not touched), so the alarm is mainly sent. The waveform is upward (open circuit) or the end reflection coefficient is close to -0.5 (short circuit) as the judgment basis;
60 警示裝置啟動判斷60 warning device start judgment
61 纜線尚未剪斷，回到步驟(43)；61 The cable has not been cut, return to step (43);
62 纜線已遭剪斷，代表橋樑已遭破壞；62 The cable has been cut, indicating that the bridge has been damaged;
63~65 由時域反射監測裝置顯示纜線斷線位置，且以一行動通訊裝置傳送簡訊至管理單位，並啟動一警示裝置，該警示裝置可為一閃爍燈號。63~65 The time domain reflection monitoring device displays the cable disconnection position, and transmits a short message to the management unit by a mobile communication device, and activates a warning device, which can be a flashing light.
綜上所述，本發明之結構特徵及各實施例皆已詳細揭示，而可充分顯示出本發明案在目的及功效上均深賦實施之進步性，極具產業之利用價值，且為目前市面上前所未 見之運用，依專利法之精神所述，本發明案完全符合發明專利之要件。In summary, the structural features and embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in detail, and can fully demonstrate the progress of the invention in terms of purpose and efficacy, and is of great industrial value, and is currently Pre-existing in the market See the application, according to the spirit of the patent law, the invention is fully in line with the requirements of the invention patent.
唯以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以之限定本發明所實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍所作之均等變化與修飾，皆應仍屬於本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內，謹請 貴審查委員明鑑，並祈惠准，是所至禱。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, the equivalent variations and modifications made by the scope of the present invention should still belong to the present invention. Within the scope of the patent, I would like to ask your review committee to give a clear understanding and pray for it. It is the prayer.
1‧‧‧時域反射儀(Time domain reflectometer)1‧‧‧Time domain reflectometer
2‧‧‧同軸纜線2‧‧‧ coaxial cable
3‧‧‧TDR錯動變形感應導波器3‧‧‧TDR staggered deformation induction wave guide
4‧‧‧TDR伸張感應導波器4‧‧‧TDR extension sensor
5‧‧‧同軸纜線周圍握裹材料5‧‧‧Wrap material around the coaxial cable
6‧‧‧同軸纜線阻抗不連續界面6‧‧‧Coaxial cable impedance discontinuous interface
7‧‧‧公型外導體連接桿7‧‧‧Male outer conductor connecting rod
8‧‧‧母型外導體連接桿8‧‧‧Female outer conductor connecting rod
9‧‧‧公型內導體連接桿9‧‧‧Male inner conductor connecting rod
10‧‧‧母型內導體連接桿10‧‧‧Female inner conductor connecting rod
11‧‧‧絕緣固定器11‧‧‧Insulation holder
21‧‧‧感測器21‧‧‧ Sensors
22‧‧‧多工器22‧‧‧Multiplexer
23‧‧‧時域反射儀23‧‧‧Time Domain Reflectometer
24‧‧‧資料擷取器24‧‧‧ Data Extractor
25‧‧‧資料儲存器25‧‧‧Data storage
26‧‧‧警示裝置26‧‧‧ Warning device
27‧‧‧行動通訊裝置27‧‧‧Mobile communication devices
28‧‧‧筆記型電腦28‧‧‧Note Computer
29‧‧‧蓄電池29‧‧‧Battery
30‧‧‧太陽能電板30‧‧‧Solar panels
40‧‧‧纜線波形量測40‧‧‧ Cable waveform measurement
41‧‧‧設置一時域反射監測裝置於橋樑上41‧‧‧Set a time domain reflection monitoring device on the bridge
42‧‧‧設定該時域反射監測裝置之纜線波形初始值42‧‧‧Set the initial value of the cable waveform of the time domain reflection monitoring device
43‧‧‧該時域反射監測持續量測纜線波形43‧‧‧This time domain reflectance monitoring continuous measurement cable waveform
50‧‧‧波形分析、判釋50‧‧‧ Waveform analysis, interpretation
51‧‧‧對該時域反射監測所量測纜線波形進行分析51‧‧‧Analysis of the measured cable waveform for this time domain reflection monitoring
52‧‧‧檢測纜線末端反射係數變化是否超過一預設數值52‧‧‧Check if the change of the reflection coefficient at the end of the cable exceeds a preset value
60‧‧‧警示裝置啟動判斷60‧‧‧Warning device starts judgment
61‧‧‧纜線尚未剪斷61‧‧‧The cable has not been cut yet
62‧‧‧纜線已遭剪斷62‧‧‧The cable has been cut
63‧‧‧由時域反射監測裝置顯示纜線斷線位置63‧‧‧Display of cable break position by time domain reflectometry
64‧‧‧以一行動通訊裝置傳送簡訊至管理單位64‧‧‧Sending a newsletter to a management unit using a mobile communication device
65‧‧‧啟動一警示裝置65‧‧‧Starting a warning device
圖一係為本發明較佳實施例時域反射斷橋監測裝置示意圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a time domain reflection broken bridge monitoring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖二係為本發明較佳實施例TDR錯動變形感應導波器示意圖。2 is a schematic diagram of a TDR staggered deformation induction waveguide according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖三係為本發明較佳實施例TDR伸張感應導波器示意圖。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a TDR extension sensing waveguide according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖四係為本發明較佳實施例之量測波形及相關走時示意圖。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a measurement waveform and related travel time according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖五係為本發明另一較佳實施例時域反射斷橋監測裝置示意圖。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a time domain reflection broken bridge monitoring device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖六係為本發明斷橋監測方法之流程示意圖。Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of the method for monitoring the broken bridge of the present invention.
1‧‧‧時域反射儀(Time domain reflectometer)1‧‧‧Time domain reflectometer
2‧‧‧同軸纜線2‧‧‧ coaxial cable
3‧‧‧TDR錯動變形感應導波器3‧‧‧TDR staggered deformation induction wave guide
4‧‧‧TDR伸張感應導波器4‧‧‧TDR extension sensor
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| TW100108058A TWI444522B (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | The method and apparatus for bridge callapse monitoring |
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| CN112581727B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-08-19 | 西人马联合测控（泉州）科技有限公司 | Bridge displacement drift early warning method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115240370A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-25 | 广州市市政工程试验检测有限公司 | Monitoring and alarming system and monitoring and alarming method for landslide of shallow layer of highway side slope |
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