TWI441927B - Low alloyed steel powder - Google Patents

Low alloyed steel powder Download PDF

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TWI441927B
TWI441927B TW097151055A TW97151055A TWI441927B TW I441927 B TWI441927 B TW I441927B TW 097151055 A TW097151055 A TW 097151055A TW 97151055 A TW97151055 A TW 97151055A TW I441927 B TWI441927 B TW I441927B
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weight
powder
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iron
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TW200942626A (en
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Ola Litstrom
Sven Bengtsson
Robert Frykholm
Ola Bergman
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Hoganas Ab Publ
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

Description

低合金化鋼粉Low alloyed steel powder

本發明係關於一種低合金化鐵基粉末，一種包含該粉末與其他添加物之粉末組合物，及一種藉由壓縮與燒結含該新穎低合金化鋼粉之鐵基粉末組合物而製成的組件。由該發明粉末製成的組件之機械性質比得上由更高合金化及更昂貴的擴散結合粉末製成的組件之機械性質。The present invention relates to a low alloyed iron-based powder, a powder composition comprising the powder and other additives, and a composition prepared by compressing and sintering an iron-based powder composition containing the novel low alloying steel powder. Component. The mechanical properties of the assembly made from the inventive powder are comparable to the mechanical properties of the assembly made from a higher alloyed and more expensive diffusion bonded powder.

在工業界中，藉由壓縮與燒結金屬粉末組合物的金屬產品製造之使用變得越來越普遍。製造出許多形狀與厚度各異的不同產品，在期望降低成本的同時，對品質之要求不斷地提高。由於達到完工形狀需要最少量之機械加工之淨形組件或近淨形組件係在結合材料高度利用性下藉由壓縮與燒結鐵粉組合物而獲得，故此技術相較於用於形成金屬部件之習知技術(如棒料或鍛造之模製或機械加工)具有極大優勢。In the industry, the use of metal product manufacturing by compressing and sintering metal powder compositions is becoming more and more common. Many different products of different shapes and thicknesses are produced, and the demand for quality is constantly increasing while reducing the cost. Since the net shape component or the near net shape component which requires a minimum amount of machining to achieve the finished shape is obtained by compressing and sintering the iron powder composition under the high availability of the bonding material, the technique is compared with that for forming a metal part. Conventional techniques, such as bar or forging molding or machining, have great advantages.

然而，關於該壓縮與燒結方法之一項問題為該燒結組件含有一定量的小孔，降低該組件之強度。基本上，有兩種方法來克服該組件多孔性對機械性能所造成之負面影響。1)該燒結組件之強度可藉由引入諸如碳、銅、鎳、鉬等合金元素而提升。2)該燒結組件之多孔性可藉由增加該粉末組合物之可壓縮性，及/或增加該壓縮壓力以得到一更高壓胚密度，或在燒結過程中增加該組件之收縮而降低。實際上是組合應用藉由添加合金元素來強化該組件及使多孔性減至最小。因而，已知各種用於生產顯示高值強度與硬度之PM組件的低合金化鋼粉組合物，及此等粉末之壓縮方法。然而，相較於熟鋼材料，PM組件之特性為相對較低的韌性。所謂的擴散合金化鐵基粉末儘管「高度」合金化，但是仍具有相對較高的可壓縮性，提供用於生產相較於預合金化粉末具有結合高強度之高韌性與高延長率的壓縮與燒結體之可能性。However, one problem with this compression and sintering process is that the sintered assembly contains a certain amount of small holes that reduce the strength of the assembly. Basically, there are two ways to overcome the negative effects of the porosity of the assembly on mechanical properties. 1) The strength of the sintered component can be enhanced by introducing an alloying element such as carbon, copper, nickel, molybdenum or the like. 2) The porosity of the sintered component can be lowered by increasing the compressibility of the powder composition, and/or increasing the compression pressure to obtain a higher pressure embryo density, or increasing the shrinkage of the assembly during sintering. In fact, the combined application strengthens the assembly and minimizes porosity by adding alloying elements. Thus, various low alloying steel powder compositions for producing PM components exhibiting high strength and hardness, and compression methods of such powders are known. However, PM components are characterized by relatively low toughness compared to cooked steel materials. The so-called diffusion alloyed iron-based powder, although "highly" alloyed, has a relatively high compressibility and is provided for the production of high toughness and high elongation ratio combined with high strength compared to prealloyed powder. The possibility of sintering with a body.

然而，關於目前運用之擴散合金化粉末之缺點為其相對較高含量的昂貴合金元素，如鉬與鎳。出乎意料的係目前發現藉由謹慎地選擇合金元素鉻與錳之組合，於相對較低含量，得到預合金化粉末，使得壓縮與燒結體具有與可藉由利用更高合金化擴散結合粉末得到之值相同或相近的伸長率及強度的機械性質。However, the disadvantages associated with currently used diffusion alloyed powders are relatively high levels of expensive alloying elements such as molybdenum and nickel. Unexpectedly, it has now been found that by carefully selecting the combination of the alloying element chromium and manganese, at a relatively low level, a prealloyed powder is obtained, so that the compressed and sintered body has a powder that can be combined by diffusion with higher alloying. Mechanical properties of elongation and strength of the same or similar values are obtained.

US 4 266 974揭示申請範圍外的合金化粉末之實例，其僅包含錳與鉻作為特意添加之合金元素。該等實例包含2.92%的鉻結合0.24%的錳，4.79%的鉻結合0.21重量%的錳或0.55%的鉻結合0.89重量%的錳。No. 4,266,974 discloses an example of an alloyed powder outside the scope of the application which comprises only manganese and chromium as intentionally added alloying elements. These examples include 2.92% chromium combined with 0.24% manganese, 4.79% chromium combined with 0.21% by weight manganese or 0.55% chromium combined with 0.89% by weight manganese.

在日本專利公開案第JP 59173201號中，一種包含鉻、錳與鉬之低合金化鋼粉之還原退火方法，一實例顯示具有1.14重量%之鉻含量及1.14重量%之錳含量(其作為僅存之特意添加合金元素)的粉末。In Japanese Patent Publication No. JP 59173201, a reduction annealing method comprising a low alloying steel powder of chromium, manganese and molybdenum, an example showing a chromium content of 1.14% by weight and a manganese content of 1.14% by weight (as only A powder specially added with an alloying element).

一種鉻、錳與鉬基預合金化鋼粉係描述於US 6 348 080。WO 03/106079教示一種鉻、錳與鉬合金化鋼粉，相較於描述於US 6 348 080之鋼粉，其具有更低含量的合金元素。該粉末在碳含量高於約0.4重量%時適於形成變軔體結構。A chromium, manganese and molybdenum-based prealloyed steel powder is described in US 6 348 080. WO 03/106079 teaches a chromium, manganese and molybdenum alloyed steel powder having a lower content of alloying elements than the steel powder described in US Pat. No. 6,348,080. The powder is suitable for forming a steroid structure at a carbon content of greater than about 0.4% by weight.

本發明之目的為提供一種合金化鐵基粉末，其適用於生產壓縮與燒結組件，該粉末基本上不含諸如鉬與鎳之昂貴的合金元素。It is an object of the present invention to provide an alloyed iron-based powder suitable for use in the production of compression and sintering assemblies which are substantially free of expensive alloying elements such as molybdenum and nickel.

本發明之另一目的為提供一種粉末，其能夠形成具有良好伸長率、抗張強度與屈服強度之壓縮與燒結組件。Another object of the present invention is to provide a powder which is capable of forming a compression and sintering assembly having good elongation, tensile strength and yield strength.

本發明之另一目的為提供一種具有上述性質之燒結部件。Another object of the present invention is to provide a sintered component having the above properties.

完成此等目的之至少一項係藉由：At least one of the accomplishments of this purpose is by:

-一種水霧化預合金化鐵基鋼粉，其以重量%表示係包括：0.4-2.0的鉻、0.1-0.8的錳、小於0.1的釩、小於0.1的鉬、小於0.1的鎳、小於0.2的銅、小於0.1的碳、小於0.25的氧、小於0.5的不可避免之雜質，其餘為鐵。A water atomized prealloyed iron-based steel powder, expressed in weight %, comprising: 0.4-2.0 chromium, 0.1-0.8 manganese, less than 0.1 vanadium, less than 0.1 molybdenum, less than 0.1 nickel, less than 0.2. Copper, less than 0.1 carbon, less than 0.25 oxygen, less than 0.5 unavoidable impurities, the balance being iron.

-一種鐵基粉末組合物，其係基於該鋼粉及混有該組合物之0.35-1重量%的石墨、該組合物之0.05-2重量%的滑潤劑及視情況存在之最高達3%的銅、硬相材料與機械加工性促進劑。An iron-based powder composition based on the steel powder and 0.35-1% by weight of graphite mixed with the composition, 0.05-2% by weight of a lubricant of the composition and optionally up to 3% Copper, hard phase materials and machinability promoters.

-一種生產燒結組件之方法，其包括下列步驟：- A method of producing a sintered component comprising the steps of:

a)製備基於該鋼粉之鐵基鋼粉組合物，a) preparing an iron-based steel powder composition based on the steel powder,

b)於400與2000MPa之間對該組合物施以壓縮，b) compressing the composition between 400 and 2000 MPa,

c)在還原氣氛中於1000-1400℃之間的溫度燒結所得之壓胚組件，c) sintering the resulting preform assembly at a temperature between 1000 and 1400 ° C in a reducing atmosphere,

d)視情況於高於500℃之溫度鍛造該加熱的組件，或對所得之燒結組件施以熱處理或硬化步驟。d) Forging the heated component at a temperature above 500 °C, or applying a heat treatment or hardening step to the resulting sintered component.

-一種藉由該方法製成的燒結組件，其具有波來體(pearlitic)/鐵素體微觀結構。A sintered component produced by the method having a pearlitic/ferritic microstructure.

該鋼粉具有低且特定含量之鉻與錳且基本上不含鉬、鎳與釩。The steel powder has a low and specific content of chromium and manganese and is substantially free of molybdenum, nickel and vanadium.

鐵基合金化鋼粉之製備Preparation of iron-based alloyed steel powder

該鋼粉係藉由將包含定義量特定量合金元素之一鋼熔體之進行水霧化而生產。進一步對該霧化粉末進一步受到施以一降低退火還原退火程序，如描述於美國專利案第6027544號；因此其以引用的方式併入本文中。該鋼粉之粒度大小可為任一尺寸，只要其與該壓力壓縮與燒結或粉末鍛造程序相一致容。合適粒度大小之實例為該已知粉末ABC100.30之粒度大小，其可得自AB，瑞典，其具有約10重量%大於150μm及20重量%小於45μm。The steel powder is produced by water atomization of a steel melt containing a defined amount of a specific amount of alloying elements. Further, the atomized powder is further subjected to a reduced annealing reduction annealing process as described in U.S. Patent No. 60,275,454; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The steel powder may have a particle size of any size as long as it conforms to the pressure compression and sintering or powder forging process. An example of a suitable particle size is the particle size of the known powder ABC 100.30, which is available from AB, Sweden, which has about 10% by weight greater than 150 μm and 20% by weight less than 45 μm.

鋼粉之內容物Steel powder content

鉻用於藉由固態溶液硬化而強化基質。此外，鉻將提高該燒結體之淬透性、抗氧化性與抗磨損性。然而，高於2.0重量%之鉻含量將降低該鋼粉之可壓縮性且致使鐵素體/波來體微觀結構更難形成。從該可壓縮性之觀點觀之，較佳該最大含量為1.8重量%，甚至更佳為1.5重量%。低於0.4重量%之鉻含量對理想性質之影響不顯著。較佳地，該鉻含量至少為0.5重量%。Chromium is used to strengthen the matrix by hardening the solid solution. Further, chromium increases the hardenability, oxidation resistance and abrasion resistance of the sintered body. However, a chromium content of more than 2.0% by weight will reduce the compressibility of the steel powder and render the ferrite/pollite microstructure more difficult to form. From the standpoint of the compressibility, the maximum content is preferably 1.8% by weight, and even more preferably 1.5% by weight. A chromium content of less than 0.4% by weight has no significant effect on the desired properties. Preferably, the chromium content is at least 0.5% by weight.

如對於鉻，錳將增加該鋼粉之強度、硬度與淬透性。高於0.8重量%之含量將增加該鋼粉中含錳包體之形成，且由於固態溶液硬化及增加的鐵素體硬度而對可壓縮性產生不利影響。較佳地，該錳含量低於0.7重量%，甚至更佳地該錳含量低於0.6重量%。如果該錳含量低於0.1%，那麼理想的性質將不可得，此外，除非在該鋼製程中實行特定之還原處理，否則將不可能利用再循環廢料。鑒於此等原因，該錳含量較佳至少為0.2重量%，甚至更佳為0.3重量%。從而，該錳含量應在0.1-0.8重量%之間，較佳在0.2-0.7重量%之間，甚至更佳在0.3-0.6重量%之間。For chromium, manganese will increase the strength, hardness and hardenability of the steel powder. A content of more than 0.8% by weight will increase the formation of manganese-containing inclusions in the steel powder, and adversely affect compressibility due to solid solution hardening and increased ferrite hardness. Preferably, the manganese content is less than 0.7% by weight, and even more preferably the manganese content is less than 0.6% by weight. If the manganese content is less than 0.1%, then the desired properties will not be available, and further, unless a specific reduction treatment is carried out in the steel process, it will be impossible to utilize the recycled waste. For these reasons, the manganese content is preferably at least 0.2% by weight, and even more preferably 0.3% by weight. Thus, the manganese content should be between 0.1 and 0.8% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 0.7% by weight, even more preferably between 0.3 and 0.6% by weight.

同樣地，已發現為了獲得充分高的可壓縮性，鉻與錳之總量(在某種程度上可彼此交換)應不多於2.5重量%，較佳應不多於2.3重量%，最佳應不多於2.0重量%。Similarly, it has been found that in order to obtain sufficiently high compressibility, the total amount of chromium and manganese (which may be exchanged to some extent) should be no more than 2.5% by weight, preferably no more than 2.3% by weight, most preferably It should be no more than 2.0% by weight.

在0.4-0.6重量%範圍內之低鉻含量的一實施例中，該低鉻含量係藉由在0.6-0.8重量%的範圍內，較佳在0.7-0.8重量%的範圍內之同等高的錳含量予以補償。由於錳比鉻便宜，所以此實施例為有利的。In one embodiment of the low chromium content in the range of from 0.4 to 0.6% by weight, the low chromium content is equally high in the range of from 0.6 to 0.8% by weight, preferably from 0.7 to 0.8% by weight. The manganese content is compensated. This embodiment is advantageous because manganese is less expensive than chromium.

在另一實施例中，當該鉻含量至少為0.7重量%時，該錳含量至多為0.5重量%，及當該鉻含量至少為1.0重量%時，該錳含量至多為0.4重量%，較佳至多為0.3重量%。藉由具有高鉻含量，該錳含量可被保持較低，由此使在該鋼粉中形成含錳包體之情況減至最少。In another embodiment, when the chromium content is at least 0.7% by weight, the manganese content is at most 0.5% by weight, and when the chromium content is at least 1.0% by weight, the manganese content is at most 0.4% by weight, preferably Up to 0.3% by weight. By having a high chromium content, the manganese content can be kept low, thereby minimizing the formation of manganese-containing inclusions in the steel powder.

適宜地，氧至多為0.25重量%，以防止鉻與錳之氧化物之形成，破壞該粉末之強度與可壓縮性。鑒於此等原因，氧較佳至多為0.18重量%。Suitably, the oxygen is at most 0.25% by weight to prevent the formation of chromium and manganese oxides, destroying the strength and compressibility of the powder. For these reasons, oxygen is preferably at most 0.18% by weight.

釩與鎳應少於0.1重量%且銅應少於0.2重量%。此等元素含量過高會對可壓縮性產生不利影響且可能增加成本。同樣地，鎳的存在將抑制鐵素體的形成，從而促進易碎的波來體/變軔體結構。由於鉬為一種非常昂貴的合金元素，故鉬應少於0.1重量%，以防止變軔體之形成且保持低成本。Vanadium and nickel should be less than 0.1% by weight and copper should be less than 0.2% by weight. Excessive levels of these elements can adversely affect compressibility and may increase costs. Likewise, the presence of nickel will inhibit the formation of ferrite, thereby promoting a fragile cortex/varon structure. Since molybdenum is a very expensive alloying element, molybdenum should be less than 0.1% by weight to prevent the formation of metamorphic bodies and to keep costs low.

該鋼粉中的碳應至多為0.1重量%且氧至多為0.25重量%。更高的含量將不理想地降低該粉末之可壓縮性。鑒於相同原因，氮應保持少於0.1重量%。The carbon in the steel powder should be at most 0.1% by weight and the oxygen is at most 0.25% by weight. Higher levels will undesirably reduce the compressibility of the powder. For the same reason, nitrogen should be kept less than 0.1% by weight.

不可避免之雜質之總量應少於0.5重量%，以便不破壞該鋼粉之可壓縮性或成為有害包體的形成物。The total amount of unavoidable impurities should be less than 0.5% by weight so as not to impair the compressibility of the steel powder or become a formation of harmful inclusions.

鐵基粉末組合物Iron-based powder composition

在壓縮之前，該鐵基鋼粉與石墨與滑潤劑混合。石墨的添加量為該組合物之0.35-1.0重量%之間，且滑潤劑的添加量為該組合物之0.05-2.0%重量之間。在某一實施例中，可添加最高達3重量%的量之銅粉形式的銅。在另一實施例中，可藉摻合將最高達5重量%之鎳粉，連同或不連同使用額外銅粉。The iron-based steel powder is mixed with graphite and a lubricant before compression. The amount of graphite added is between 0.35 and 1.0% by weight of the composition, and the amount of lubricant added is between 0.05 and 2.0% by weight of the composition. In an embodiment, copper in the form of copper powder may be added in an amount up to 3% by weight. In another embodiment, up to 5% by weight of nickel powder may be blended with or without additional copper powder.

石墨之量Amount of graphite

為了提高該燒結組件之強度與硬度，將碳引入該基質。添加量為該組合物之0.35-1.0重量%間之石墨形式的碳。低於0.35重量%的量將導致過低的強度，而高於1.0%的量將導致碳化物的形成過多，產生過高硬度、不足的伸長率且破壞該機械加工性。如果在燒結或鍛造之後，該組件藉由包含滲碳之熱處理程序加以熱處理；所添加石墨之量可少於0.35%。In order to increase the strength and hardness of the sintered component, carbon is introduced into the substrate. The amount of carbon added in the form of graphite between 0.35 and 1.0% by weight of the composition is added. An amount of less than 0.35% by weight will result in an excessively low strength, and an amount higher than 1.0% will result in excessive formation of carbides, excessive hardness, insufficient elongation, and destruction of the machinability. If after sintering or forging, the assembly is heat treated by a heat treatment process comprising carburization; the amount of graphite added may be less than 0.35%.

銅之量Amount of copper

銅為一種粉末冶金術所普遍運用之合金元素。銅可藉由固態溶液硬化來提高強度與硬度。銅也可在燒結過程中有助於燒結頸之形成，這是由於在達到該燒結溫度前銅就融化以提供較固態燒結快速之所謂液相燒結。在某一實施例中，銅可以最高達3重量%的量而被添加。Copper is an alloying element commonly used in powder metallurgy. Copper can be hardened by solid solution to increase strength and hardness. Copper can also contribute to the formation of the sintered neck during the sintering process because the copper melts before the sintering temperature is reached to provide a so-called liquid phase sintering that is faster than solid state sintering. In an embodiment, copper may be added in an amount up to 3% by weight.

鎳之量Amount of nickel

鎳為一種粉末冶金術所普遍運用之合金元素。鎳可藉由固態溶液硬化來提高強度與硬度。鎳也可在燒結過程中加強該燒結頸。在某一實施例中，可添加最高達5重量%的量之鎳。Nickel is an alloying element commonly used in powder metallurgy. Nickel can be hardened by solid solution to increase strength and hardness. Nickel can also strengthen the sintered neck during the sintering process. In an embodiment, up to 5% by weight of nickel may be added.

滑潤劑之量Amount of lubricant

於該組合物中添加滑潤劑以便有助於該壓縮與該壓縮組件之排出。添加少於該組合物之0.05重量%的滑潤劑添加影響不顯著及高於該組合物之2重量%之添加將導致該壓縮體之過低密度。滑潤劑可選自金屬硬酯酸鹽、蠟、脂肪酸及其衍生物、低聚物、聚合物及其它具有潤滑作用的有機物質之組群。A lubricant is added to the composition to aid in the compression and discharge of the compression module. The addition of less than 0.05% by weight of the lubricant added to the composition is not significant and more than 2% by weight of the composition will result in an excessively low density of the compact. The lubricant may be selected from the group consisting of metal stearates, waxes, fatty acids and derivatives thereof, oligomers, polymers, and other organic substances having lubricating properties.

其他物質Other substances

可添加其他物質，如硬相材料與機械加工性促進劑，其如MnS、MoS2 、CaF2 、不同種類的礦物等。Other substances such as a hard phase material and a machinability promoter such as MnS, MoS 2 , CaF 2 , different kinds of minerals, and the like may be added.

燒結sintering

該鐵基粉末組合物被轉移至一模具且受到400-2000MPa之壓縮壓力至高於約6.75g/cm3 之壓胚密度。所得之壓胚組件進一步在還原氣氛中於1000-1400℃，較佳在1100-1300℃之間的溫度施以燒結。The iron-based powder composition is transferred to a mold and subjected to a compression pressure of from 400 to 2000 MPa to a density of shots of greater than about 6.75 g/cm 3 . The resulting preform assembly is further subjected to sintering in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature between 1000 and 1400 ° C, preferably between 1100 and 1300 ° C.

燒結後處理Post-sinter treatment

燒結組件也可藉由包含以控制冷卻速率進行冷卻之熱處理施以硬化程序，以獲得理想的微觀結構。該硬化程序可包含已知程序，如表面硬化、滲氮、感應硬化等。如果熱處理包含滲氮，那麼所添加石墨的量可少於0.35%。The sintered assembly can also be subjected to a hardening process by including a heat treatment for cooling at a controlled cooling rate to obtain a desired microstructure. The hardening procedure can include known procedures such as surface hardening, nitriding, induction hardening, and the like. If the heat treatment comprises nitriding, the amount of graphite added may be less than 0.35%.

或者，該燒結組件可施以鍛造操作以達到完全密度。當該組件之溫度為約500-1400℃時，該鍛造操作可在該燒結操作後直接執行，或在該燒結組件冷卻後，該冷卻組件隨後於該鍛造操作之前再加熱達到500-1400℃之溫度。Alternatively, the sintered assembly can be subjected to a forging operation to achieve full density. When the temperature of the assembly is about 500-1400 ° C, the forging operation can be performed directly after the sintering operation, or after the sintering assembly is cooled, the cooling assembly is then reheated to 500-1400 ° C before the forging operation. temperature.

可利用其他類型之燒結後處理，如表面滾壓或珠擊法，其引入壓縮殘留應力以提高疲勞壽命。Other types of post-sinter treatments, such as surface rolling or beading, can be utilized which introduce compressive residual stresses to increase fatigue life.

完成組件之性質Complete the nature of the component

本發明提供一種新穎鐵基預合金化粉末，用於製造具有等同於自包含較高總量合金元素及較昂貴的合金元素(諸如鎳與鉬)之擴散結合粉末所獲得的相應值之抗張強度與伸長率的燒結組件。本發明特別提供一種鉻與錳之預合金化鐵基粉末、包含該粉末之組合物，以及由該粉末組合物製成的壓縮與燒結組件。該壓縮與燒結組件呈現高於2%之伸長率值，連同500MPa之屈服強度。微觀結構為波來體或波來體/鐵素體。The present invention provides a novel iron-based prealloyed powder for producing a tensile strength equivalent to that obtained from a diffusion-bonded powder containing a relatively high amount of alloying elements and relatively expensive alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum. Sintered components of strength and elongation. In particular, the present invention provides a prealloyed iron-based powder of chromium and manganese, a composition comprising the powder, and a compression and sintering assembly made from the powder composition. The compression and sintering assembly exhibits an elongation value greater than 2%, along with a yield strength of 500 MPa. The microstructure is a wave body or a wave body/ferrite.

實例Instance

藉由鋼熔體之水霧化生產各種預合金化鐵基鋼粉1-5。所得之原料粉末於氫氣氛中於1160℃進一步退火，隨後溫和研磨，以使燒結粉末塊崩解。該等粉末之粒度大小低於150μm。表1顯示該等不同粉末之化學組成。粉末6為DISTALOY AB，為可得自，瑞典之市售擴散合金化粉末，且係基於該高純度霧化粉末ASC100.29(普通鐵)。Various pre-alloyed iron-based steel powders 1-5 are produced by water atomization of steel melt. The obtained raw material powder was further annealed at 1,160 ° C in a hydrogen atmosphere, followed by gentle grinding to cause the sintered powder mass to disintegrate. The powders have a particle size below 150 μm. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of these different powders. Powder 6 is DISTALOY AB, which is available from The commercially available diffusion alloyed powder in Sweden is based on the high purity atomized powder ASC 100.29 (plain iron).

表1顯示本發明及參考材料之鋼粉之化學組成。Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the steel powder of the present invention and reference materials.

所得之鋼粉1-5分別混有該組合物之0.5重量%與0.7重量%的石墨UF4(其可得自，德國)及0.8%的Amide wax PM(其可得自AB，瑞典)。The obtained steel powder 1-5 is respectively mixed with 0.5% by weight and 0.7% by weight of the graphite UF4 of the composition (which can be obtained from , Germany) and 0.8% of Amide wax PM (which is available from AB, Sweden).

粉末4在本發明邊限之外，其以0.11重量%的釩合金化且具有0.03重量%之錳含量。粉末5同時具有低於本發明之邊限之錳含量與鉻含量。Powder 4 is outside the margin of the invention, which is alloyed with 0.11% by weight of vanadium and has a manganese content of 0.03% by weight. Powder 5 also has a manganese content and a chromium content below the limits of the present invention.

亦製備基於DISTALOY AB之參考混合物(粉末6)。在此情況下，所製備之組合物含有0.5%的石墨及0.8%的Amide wax PM。A reference mixture based on DISTALOY AB (Powder 6) was also prepared. In this case, the prepared composition contained 0.5% of graphite and 0.8% of Amide wax PM.

所得之粉末組合物轉移至壓模，於600Mpa之壓縮壓力下壓縮形成壓胚組件。壓縮錳檢測條進一步在實驗室帶熔爐內於1120℃於含90%氮與10%氫之氛圍中燒結30分鐘。The resulting powder composition was transferred to a stamper and compressed under a compression pressure of 600 MPa to form a preform assembly. The compressed manganese test strip was further sintered in a laboratory belt furnace at 1120 ° C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere containing 90% nitrogen and 10% hydrogen.

依照ASTME9-89C測試該等燒結樣品之抗張強度與伸長率，且依照EN ISO 6507-1測試硬度(HV10)。亦分析該等樣品之碳與氧含量。The tensile strength and elongation of the sintered samples were tested in accordance with ASTM E9-89C and the hardness (HV10) was tested in accordance with EN ISO 6507-1. The carbon and oxygen contents of the samples were also analyzed.

依照EN10045-1檢測衝擊能。The impact energy is measured in accordance with EN10045-1.

下表2顯示石墨之添加量、化學分析之結果，及張力與硬度檢測之結果。Table 2 below shows the amount of graphite added, the results of chemical analysis, and the results of tensile and hardness testing.

表2顯示添加至該等組合物之石墨的量，及所得樣品分析出的碳與氧的含量，以及所得樣品之抗張檢測與硬度檢測之結果。Table 2 shows the amount of graphite added to the compositions, and the carbon and oxygen contents of the obtained samples, and the results of tensile test and hardness test of the obtained samples.

於0.7%添加石墨下，基於粉末1、2之樣品與混有0.5%之石墨粉末之DISTALOY AB相比而具有同等或更佳之屈服強度、抗張強度、伸長率及硬度值。衝擊能略低但仍充分優良，粉末1略優於粉末2。Samples based on powders 1 and 2 had equivalent or better yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and hardness values compared to DISTALOY AB mixed with 0.5% graphite powder at 0.7% graphite. The impact energy is slightly lower but still sufficiently good, and powder 1 is slightly better than powder 2.

於0.5%添加石墨下，基於粉末3之樣品與混有0.5%之石墨粉末之DISTALOY AB相比已具有同等或更佳之屈服強度、抗張強度、伸長率值。衝擊能與硬度也與DISTALOY AB相匹配。Samples based on Powder 3 had equivalent or better yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation values than those of DISTALOY AB mixed with 0.5% graphite powder at 0.5% graphite. Impact energy and hardness are also matched to DISTALOY AB.

基於粉末4之樣品，在同等抗張強度下，伸長率及衝擊能遠低於DISTALOY AB之值。基於粉末5之樣品，可見到衝擊能與伸長率隨碳含量的增加而降低，且若應用更高量的石墨添加以將抗張強度增加至可與DISTALOY AB相比較之水平，將會更低。Based on the powder 4 sample, the elongation and impact energy were much lower than the values of DISTALOY AB at the same tensile strength. Based on the powder 5 sample, it can be seen that the impact energy and elongation decrease with increasing carbon content, and if a higher amount of graphite is added to increase the tensile strength to a level comparable to DISTALOY AB, it will be lower. .

Claims (2)

一種生產燒結組件之方法，其包括以下步驟：a)製備具有包含水霧化預合金化鐵基鋼粉之組合物的鐵基鋼粉混合物，該水霧化預合金化鐵基鋼粉以重量%表示係包括：0.4-2.0鉻；0.1-0.8錳；小於0.1釩；小於0.1鉬；小於0.1鎳；小於0.2銅；小於0.1碳；小於0.25氧；小於0.5之不可避免之雜質；及其餘為鐵，其混有該組合物之0.35-1重量%的石墨，該組合物之0.05-2重量%的滑潤劑，及視情況存在之最高達3%的銅，及視情況存在之硬相材料及機械加工性促進劑；b)於400與2000MPa之間對該組合物施以壓縮；c)在還原氣氛中於1000-1400℃之間的溫度燒結所得之壓胚組件；d)視情況於高於500℃之溫度鍛造該加熱的組件，或對所得之燒結組件施以熱處理或硬化步驟。 A method of producing a sintered component, comprising the steps of: a) preparing an iron-based steel powder mixture having a composition comprising a water atomized prealloyed iron-based steel powder, the water atomized prealloyed iron-based steel powder having a weight % indicates: 0.4-2.0 chromium; 0.1-0.8 manganese; less than 0.1 vanadium; less than 0.1 molybdenum; less than 0.1 nickel; less than 0.2 copper; less than 0.1 carbon; less than 0.25 oxygen; less than 0.5 inevitable impurities; Iron, which is mixed with 0.35-1% by weight of graphite of the composition, 0.05-2% by weight of the lubricant of the composition, and optionally up to 3% of copper, and optionally a hard phase material And a machinability promoter; b) compressing the composition between 400 and 2000 MPa; c) sintering the resulting preform assembly in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature between 1000 and 1400 ° C; d) optionally The heated assembly is forged at a temperature above 500 ° C, or the resulting sintered assembly is subjected to a heat treatment or hardening step. 一種由包含水霧化預合金化鐵基鋼粉之粉末組合物生產 的燒結組件，其具有波來體/鐵素體微觀結構，該水霧化預合金化鐵基鋼粉以重量%表示係包括：0.4-2.0鉻；0.1-0.8錳；小於0.1釩；小於0.1鉬；小於0.1鎳；小於0.2銅；小於0.1碳；小於0.25氧；小於0.5之不可避免之雜質；及其餘為鐵，其混有該組合物之0.35-1重量%的石墨，該組合物之0.05-2重量%的滑潤劑，及視情況存在之最高達3%的銅，及視情況存在之硬相材料及機械加工性促進劑。 Production of a powder composition comprising water atomized prealloyed iron-based steel powder The sintered component has a cortex/ferrite microstructure, and the water atomized prealloyed iron-based steel powder is expressed by wt%: 0.4-2.0 chromium; 0.1-0.8 manganese; less than 0.1 vanadium; less than 0.1 Molybdenum; less than 0.1 nickel; less than 0.2 copper; less than 0.1 carbon; less than 0.25 oxygen; less than 0.5 unavoidable impurities; and the balance being iron, which is mixed with 0.35-1% by weight of graphite of the composition, the composition 0.05-2% by weight of lubricant, and up to 3% of copper, as the case may be, and hard phase materials and machinability promoters as appropriate.
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