TWI409845B - Relay drive circuit - Google Patents
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一種繼電器的驅動電路，特別是配合電源供應器中抑制突衝電流的限流電阻，並在電源供應器正常運作時間驅動一繼電器將該限流電阻旁路的驅動電路。 A driving circuit for a relay, in particular, a current limiting resistor for suppressing a surge current in a power supply, and driving a relay to bypass the current limiting resistor during a normal operation time of the power supply.
電源供應器在剛開機時，由於電源供應器內的各電路單元皆需盡快達到工作電壓，且電路中包含許多電容元件，導致在初啟動時會產生極大的突衝電流(inrush current)。因此抑制開機的突衝電流成為各電源供應器業者必須研究的技術，而最基本的方法就是在突衝電流經過的路徑上設置抑制電流的限流電阻。但隨之而來的問題在於即使上述的限流電阻抑制了突衝電流，但電源供應器正常運作時該限流電阻則造成了不必要的功率損耗，在注重能源使用效率的時代，此習知技術非長久之策。 When the power supply is just turned on, since each circuit unit in the power supply needs to reach the working voltage as soon as possible, and the circuit contains many capacitive components, a large inrush current is generated at the initial startup. Therefore, suppressing the on-rush current of the power-on has become a technology that all power supply providers must study, and the most basic method is to set a current-limiting current limiting resistor on the path through which the surge current passes. However, the problem that comes with it is that even if the current limiting resistor suppresses the surge current, the current limiting resistor causes unnecessary power loss when the power supply is operating normally. In the era of focusing on energy efficiency, this Knowing technology is not a long-term strategy.
基於上述的習知技術，有業者提出了中華民國專利證書第I301689號「可主動抑制湧入電流的交流對直流轉換器」，該前案中應用一「第一抑制單元(20)」設置於電流路徑上以抑制突衝電流。其中該第一抑制單元包含一熱敏電阻以及與該熱敏電阻並聯的電子開關SW1(實體上為一繼電器)，該電子開關SW1為常開狀態，因此電源供應器開機後電流仍需通過該熱敏電阻而受到抑制。但當電源供應器內部的輔助電源建立後則驅動該電子開關SW1閉合導通，將該熱敏電阻旁路。同樣的，該案中具有一第二抑制單元(30、30’)亦利用相似的概念，但該第二抑制單元是受控於一輸出電壓比較電路(71)以及一邏輯判斷電路(72)。 Based on the above-mentioned conventional techniques, a manufacturer has proposed the Republic of China Patent Certificate No. I301689 "AC-DC converter capable of actively suppressing inrush current", in which a "first suppression unit (20)" is applied to The current path is used to suppress the surge current. The first suppression unit includes a thermistor and an electronic switch SW1 (physically a relay) connected in parallel with the thermistor, and the electronic switch SW1 is normally open, so the current still needs to pass after the power supply is turned on. The thermistor is suppressed. However, when the auxiliary power supply inside the power supply is established, the electronic switch SW1 is driven to be turned on, and the thermistor is bypassed. Similarly, a second suppression unit (30, 30') in this case also utilizes a similar concept, but the second suppression unit is controlled by an output voltage comparison circuit (71) and a logic determination circuit (72). .
上述的習知技術雖可透過將該熱敏電阻旁路而避免該熱敏電阻持續消耗功率，但將該熱敏電阻旁路的繼電器驅動電路亦損耗了部份功 率。如I301689號專利的第四圖所示，習知技術利用一偏壓電力(Vcc)讓繼電器激磁而導通，且為了確保該繼電器導通，通常施加於繼電器的電壓略大於繼電器本身的導通電壓。該繼電器導通後熱敏電阻被旁路，該電源供應器進入正常運作狀態，此時習知的電源供應器仍施加同樣的偏壓電力保持該繼電器導通，直至該電源供應器關閉。雖避免熱敏電阻消耗功率，但該繼電器在持續施加較大電壓的情況下，加上連接於該繼電器旁的電阻等元件，損耗的功率亦有0.6瓦以上。 Although the above-mentioned conventional technology can avoid the power consumption of the thermistor by bypassing the thermistor, the relay driving circuit bypassing the thermistor also loses part of the work. rate. As shown in the fourth diagram of the I301689 patent, the prior art utilizes a bias power (Vcc) to energize the relay to conduct, and to ensure that the relay is turned on, the voltage typically applied to the relay is slightly greater than the turn-on voltage of the relay itself. After the relay is turned on, the thermistor is bypassed, and the power supply enters a normal operating state. At this time, the conventional power supply still applies the same bias power to keep the relay turned on until the power supply is turned off. Although the thermistor is prevented from consuming power, the relay also has a power loss of 0.6 watt or more when a large voltage is continuously applied, and a resistor or the like connected to the relay is added.
該繼電器與其驅動電路造成的損耗低於5瓦以下，在現有的技術尚未有人針對該繼電器的損耗作出對應的電路改良。但現今80 PLUS的規範更嚴格的區別為銅牌(Bronzen)、銀牌(Silver)與金牌(Golden)等更高的等級，因此5瓦(甚至不到1瓦)的損耗將造成極明顯的差異。而且電源供應器的使用壽命不斷延長，長久累積下來的能量損耗也相當可觀。因此該繼電器仍是需要改良之處，以爭取高效率、節能的優良表現。 The loss caused by the relay and its driving circuit is less than 5 watts. In the prior art, no corresponding circuit improvement has been made for the loss of the relay. But today's 80 PLUS specification has a stricter distinction between Bronzen, Silver, and Gold, so a loss of 5 watts (or even less than 1 watt) will make a significant difference. Moreover, the service life of the power supply is prolonged, and the energy loss accumulated over a long period of time is considerable. Therefore, the relay is still in need of improvement, in order to strive for high efficiency, energy saving performance.
有鑑於上述的習知技術中未針對繼電器驅動電路作進一步的節能改良，因此本案的目的即在於改良繼電器的驅動電路，以降低該繼電器運作過程中的損耗。 In view of the above-mentioned prior art, no further energy saving improvement is made for the relay driving circuit, so the purpose of the present invention is to improve the driving circuit of the relay to reduce the loss during the operation of the relay.
本案為一種繼電器的驅動電路，係控制電源供應器中的至少一繼電器，該繼電器具有至少一激磁側以及至少一開關側，且該開關側與一限流電阻並聯於突衝電流通過的電力路徑上。連接於該激磁側的驅動電路包括一開關元件以及一驅動週期調變單元，其中該開關元件連接於該激磁側且決定該激磁側是否供電流通過。該開關元件的導通與否則則受該驅動週期調變單元控制，該驅動週期調變單元預先設定一過激週期(over drive period)以及一維持週期(holding period)，該維持週期接續於該過激週期之後，該驅動週期調變單元在該過激週期以 及該維持週期分別輸出一過激驅動訊號(over drive signal)以及一維持訊號(holding signal)驅動該開關元件導通，其中該維持訊號驅動該開關元件導通的工作責任週期(duty ratio)小於該過激驅動訊號，以控制該維持週期中以較小的電流維持該開關側在導通狀態。由於習知的繼電器在設計時就已經具備磁滯的特性了，也就是說只要激磁側只要在起初獲得較大的電力激磁驅動開關側導通，導通後由於先天的磁滯特性，即使激磁側的電流略微下降也不會使開關側跳開，開關側在激磁側電流非常大幅的降低時才會跳開。因此，透過本案揭示的技術可在該過激驅動訊號確保該開關元件導通後，使用工作責任週期(duty ratio)小的維持訊號驅動該開關元件，提供較小的電流通過該激磁側維持導通，藉此可節省在該繼電器上所損耗的功率。 The present invention is a relay driving circuit for controlling at least one relay in a power supply, the relay having at least one excitation side and at least one switching side, and the switching side and a current limiting resistor are connected in parallel to the power path through which the surge current passes. on. The driving circuit connected to the excitation side includes a switching element and a driving period modulation unit, wherein the switching element is connected to the excitation side and determines whether the excitation side is for current to pass. The switching element is turned on and otherwise controlled by the driving period modulation unit. The driving period modulation unit presets an over drive period and a holding period, and the sustain period is continued from the overdrive period. After that, the driving cycle modulation unit is in the overdrive period And the sustain period outputting an over drive signal and a holding signal to drive the switching element to be turned on, wherein the duty ratio of the sustain signal driving the switching element to be turned on is less than the overdrive driving a signal to control the conduction state to maintain the switch side in a conducting state with a small current. Since the conventional relay is already designed to have hysteresis characteristics, that is, as long as the excitation side is turned on at the beginning to obtain a large electric excitation drive switch side, the conduction is due to the intrinsic hysteresis characteristic, even on the excitation side. A slight drop in current does not cause the switch side to trip, and the switch side will trip when the current on the excitation side is greatly reduced. Therefore, the technology disclosed in the present disclosure can drive the switching element with a sustain signal having a small duty ratio after the switching signal is ensured to be turned on, thereby providing a smaller current to maintain conduction through the excitation side. This saves the power lost on the relay.
請參閱圖1，本案為一種繼電器的驅動電路，係用於控制電源供應器中的至少一繼電器4，電源供應器以及該繼電器4在電源供應器中的用途與電路圖已可見於上述的習知專利中，故不再另行贅述。當電源供應器中剛啟動時，產生的突衝電流(inrush current)會透過至少一限流電阻8抑制其大小，而在確保電源供應器的各節點已升壓到達正常工作電壓後需透過一繼電器4將該限流電阻8旁路(bypass)。為了要判斷何時需將該限流電阻8旁路(bypass)，可利用一判斷單元1連接電源供應器中預設的一判斷端點10，並偵測該判斷端點10是否到一預定工作電壓，進而決定輸出一旁路訊號之時序(timing)。而本案是透過一驅動週期調變單元2以及一受該驅動週期調變單元2驅動的開關元件3來控制該繼電器4的導通與否，該繼電器4具有至少一激磁側41以及至少一開關側42，且該開關側42與一限流電阻8並聯於突衝電流通過的電力路徑上。在電源供應器中的整流電路6以及功因校正電路7之間常產生突衝電流，因此本案的示意圖中以該限流電阻8 的兩端點分別連接整流電路6以及功因校正電路7為例。該繼電器4的激磁側41電性連接一供應電流通過該激磁側41的輔助電源5，且該激磁側41並聯一二極體9避免電流逆流。因此，當該判斷單元1判斷該電源供應器中的判斷端點10已到達預定的工作電壓後，即輸出該旁路訊號觸發該驅動週期調變單元2，進一步驅動該開關元件3導通。該開關元件3導通後該輔助電源5提供的電流會通過該繼電器4的激磁側41並逐漸上升，當電流在該激磁側41所產生的磁力夠大時將令該開關側42導通而旁路(bypass)該限流電阻8。 Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a driving circuit of a relay for controlling at least one relay 4 in a power supply. The power supply and the use and circuit diagram of the relay 4 in the power supply are visible in the above-mentioned conventional knowledge. In the patent, it will not be repeated here. When the power supply is just started, the generated inrush current is suppressed by at least one current limiting resistor 8, and is required to pass through one after ensuring that the nodes of the power supply have been boosted to reach the normal operating voltage. The relay 4 bypasses the current limiting resistor 8. In order to determine when the current limiting resistor 8 needs to be bypassed, a determining unit 1 can be connected to a predetermined determining terminal 10 in the power supply, and the determining whether the determining terminal 10 reaches a predetermined operation The voltage, in turn, determines the timing at which a bypass signal is output. In the present case, the conduction of the relay 4 is controlled by a driving cycle modulation unit 2 and a switching element 3 driven by the driving cycle modulation unit 2, the relay 4 having at least one excitation side 41 and at least one switching side. 42. The switch side 42 is coupled in parallel with a current limiting resistor 8 in a power path through which the surge current passes. A surge current is often generated between the rectifier circuit 6 and the power factor correction circuit 7 in the power supply, so the current limiting resistor 8 is used in the schematic diagram of the present case. The two ends are connected to the rectifier circuit 6 and the power factor correction circuit 7 as an example. The excitation side 41 of the relay 4 is electrically connected to an auxiliary power source 5 through which the supply current is supplied, and the excitation side 41 is connected in parallel with a diode 9 to prevent current from flowing back. Therefore, when the determining unit 1 determines that the determining end point 10 in the power supply has reached the predetermined operating voltage, the bypass signal is output to trigger the driving period modulation unit 2 to further drive the switching element 3 to be turned on. After the switching element 3 is turned on, the current supplied by the auxiliary power source 5 passes through the excitation side 41 of the relay 4 and gradually rises. When the magnetic force generated by the excitation side 41 is large enough, the switch side 42 is turned on and bypassed ( Bypass) the current limiting resistor 8.
該驅動週期調變單元2預先設定一過激週期(over drive period)以及一維持週期(holding period)，由該驅動週期調變單元2決定驅動該開關元件3導通的時序(timing)，進而控制流過激磁側41的電流。該驅動週期調變單元2在被旁路訊號觸發啟動後，先啟始該過激週期(over drive period)，並在該過激週期(over drive period)輸出一過激驅動訊號(over drive signal)驅動該開關元件3完全導通，且該過激驅動訊號(over drive signal)令該開關元件3導通的時間長度足以令該輔助電源5在該激磁側41產生大電流確保該開關側42導通，進而旁路(bypass)該限流電阻8，達到該繼電器4在該電源供應器中設計的功能。而在確保該開關側42導通後，該維持週期(holding period)接續在該過激週期(over drive period)之後，該驅動週期調變單元2在該維持週期(holding period)輸出一維持訊號(holding signal)驅動該開關元件3導通，其中該維持訊號(holding signal)驅動該開關元件3導通的工作責任週期(duty ratio)小於該過激驅動訊號(over drive signal)，導致該開關元件3間歇性的導通(turn on)與截止(turn off)，使通過該激磁側41的電流受到抑制而下降，藉此控制該維持週期(holding period)中以較小的電流維持該開關側在導通狀態，直至該電源供應器關閉為止。 The driving period modulation unit 2 presets an over drive period and a holding period, and the driving period modulation unit 2 determines a timing for driving the switching element 3 to be turned on, thereby controlling the flow. The current on the excitation side 41. The driving cycle modulation unit 2 starts the overdrive period after being triggered by the bypass signal, and outputs an over drive signal in the overdrive period to drive the overdrive signal. The switching element 3 is fully turned on, and the overdrive signal causes the switching element 3 to be turned on for a length of time sufficient for the auxiliary power source 5 to generate a large current on the excitation side 41 to ensure that the switch side 42 is turned on and thus bypassed ( Bypass) the current limiting resistor 8 achieves the function of the relay 4 designed in the power supply. After ensuring that the switch side 42 is turned on, the holding period is continued after the overdrive period, and the driving period modulation unit 2 outputs a sustain signal (holding period) during the holding period. The driving element 3 is turned on, wherein the duty signal driving the switching element 3 is turned on by a duty ratio smaller than the over drive signal, resulting in the switching element 3 being intermittently Turning on and turning off, causing the current passing through the excitation side 41 to be suppressed and falling, thereby controlling the holding period to maintain the switching side in an on state with a small current until the holding period The power supply is turned off.
該驅動週期調變單元2可區分為一產生該過激驅動訊號(over drive signal)的導通脈衝產生器21、一產生該維持訊號(holding signal)的固定伏秒控制器22，並且該導通脈衝產生器21以及固定伏秒控制器22皆電性連接該開關元件3。該旁路訊號可同時啟動導通脈衝產生器21以及固定伏秒控制器22，而該導通脈衝產生器21在啟動後在一段預設時間內產生一段固定方波狀的過激訊號(over drive signal)；固定伏秒控制器22則在受觸發後輸出一具有高低準位脈波狀的維持訊號(holding signal)，並且兩者在電力路徑上合流相加以驅動該開關元件3。此時請一併參閱圖1與圖2，圖2為對應圖1之波形圖。其中可見該過激訊號(over drive signal)與維持訊號(holding signal)的波形在驅動該開關元件3的路徑上混合，在驅動週期調變單元2剛啟動的初期中，該固定方波狀的過激訊號(over drive signal)覆蓋過維持訊號(holding signal)的低準位，使得驅動該開關元件3的波形為固定的方波，令該開關元件3具有較長的導通時間，進而使該激磁側41流過足夠的電流確保該開關側42導通。而過了預設時間長度的過激週期(over drive period)後，該過激訊號(over drive signal)停止，由脈波狀的維持訊號(holding signal)驅動該開關元件3，因此開關元件3間歇的導通與截止抑制了通過激磁側41的電流，達到降低功率損耗的目的。再者，為了避免該繼電器4關閉，該固定伏秒控制器22監測該輔助電源5的電壓而在固定伏秒(V*S)的模式下調整維持訊號(holding signal)的工作責任週期(duty ratio)。如圖2所示，當開關元件3的啟閉取決於該維持訊號(Vd)時，該維持訊號(Vd)的脈波寬度隨著輔助電源5電壓(Vcc)下降而調整，達到以固定能量確保該繼電器4保持導通的功效。 The driving period modulation unit 2 can be divided into a turn-on pulse generator 21 that generates the overdrive signal, a fixed volt-second controller 22 that generates the holding signal, and the turn-on pulse is generated. The device 21 and the fixed volt-second controller 22 are electrically connected to the switching element 3. The bypass signal can simultaneously activate the turn-on pulse generator 21 and the fixed volt-second controller 22, and the turn-on pulse generator 21 generates a fixed square wave overdrive signal for a predetermined period of time after startup. The fixed volt-second controller 22 outputs a holding signal having a high and low level pulse waveform after being triggered, and the two combine to drive the switching element 3 on the power path. In this case, please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 together, and FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram corresponding to FIG. It can be seen that the waveform of the over drive signal and the holding signal is mixed on the path of driving the switching element 3. In the initial stage of the driving period modulation unit 2, the fixed square wave is overexcited. The over drive signal covers the low level of the holding signal, so that the waveform driving the switching element 3 is a fixed square wave, so that the switching element 3 has a long on-time, and thus the excitation side A sufficient current is passed through 41 to ensure that the switch side 42 is conducting. After the overdrive period of the preset length of time, the overdrive signal is stopped, and the switching element 3 is driven by a pulse-like holding signal, so that the switching element 3 is intermittent. The conduction and the off control suppress the current passing through the excitation side 41, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing power loss. Furthermore, in order to prevent the relay 4 from being turned off, the fixed volt-second controller 22 monitors the voltage of the auxiliary power source 5 and adjusts the duty cycle of the holding signal in a fixed volt-second (V*S) mode (duty Ratio). As shown in FIG. 2, when the switching element 3 is turned on and off depending on the sustain signal (Vd), the pulse width of the sustain signal (Vd) is adjusted as the voltage of the auxiliary power source 5 (Vcc) decreases, reaching a fixed energy. Make sure that relay 4 remains conductive.
綜上所述，本案確保該繼電器4導通後，利用磁滯的原理以較低的能量維持該繼電器4導通，因此可節省驅動該繼電器4的能量，讓 電源供應器的更貼近80 PLUS規範的要求。 In summary, the present example ensures that after the relay 4 is turned on, the relay 4 is maintained at a lower energy by the principle of hysteresis, thereby saving energy for driving the relay 4, so that The power supply is closer to the requirements of the 80 PLUS specification.
雖然本發明以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，而所作之些許更動與潤飾，皆應涵蓋於本發明中，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 While the present invention has been described above in terms of the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to limit the invention, and it is intended that those skilled in the In the invention, the scope of the invention is therefore defined by the scope of the appended claims.
綜上所述，本發明較習知之創作增進上述功效，應已充分符合新穎性及進步性之法定創新專利要件，爰依法提出申請，懇請 貴局核准本件發明專利申請案，以勵創作，至感德便。 In summary, the present invention enhances the above-mentioned effects in comparison with the conventional creations, and should fully comply with the novelty and progressive statutory innovation patent requirements, and submit an application according to law, and invites you to approve the invention patent application to encourage creation. Feeling the virtues.
1‧‧‧判斷單元 1‧‧‧judging unit
10‧‧‧判斷端點 10‧‧‧Judgement endpoint
2‧‧‧驅動週期調變單元 2‧‧‧Drive cycle modulation unit
21‧‧‧導通脈衝產生器 21‧‧‧Continuation pulse generator
22‧‧‧固定伏秒控制器 22‧‧‧ Fixed Volt Controller
3‧‧‧開關元件 3‧‧‧Switching elements
4‧‧‧繼電器 4‧‧‧ Relay
41‧‧‧激磁側 41‧‧‧Exciting side
42‧‧‧開關側 42‧‧‧Switch side
5‧‧‧輔助電源 5‧‧‧Auxiliary power supply
6‧‧‧整流電路 6‧‧‧Rectifier circuit
7‧‧‧功因校正電路 7‧‧‧Power factor correction circuit
8‧‧‧限流電阻 8‧‧‧ Current limiting resistor
9‧‧‧二極體 9‧‧‧ diode
圖1為本案之電路結構圖。 Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
圖2為圖1中各節點的波形圖。 FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of each node in FIG. 1.
1‧‧‧判斷單元 1‧‧‧judging unit
10‧‧‧判斷端點 10‧‧‧Judgement endpoint
2‧‧‧驅動週期調變單元 2‧‧‧Drive cycle modulation unit
21‧‧‧導通脈衝產生器 21‧‧‧Continuation pulse generator
22‧‧‧固定伏秒控制器 22‧‧‧ Fixed Volt Controller
3‧‧‧開關元件 3‧‧‧Switching elements
4‧‧‧繼電器 4‧‧‧ Relay
41‧‧‧激磁側 41‧‧‧Exciting side
42‧‧‧開關側 42‧‧‧Switch side
5‧‧‧輔助電源 5‧‧‧Auxiliary power supply
6‧‧‧整流電路 6‧‧‧Rectifier circuit
7‧‧‧功因校正電路 7‧‧‧Power factor correction circuit
8‧‧‧限流電阻 8‧‧‧ Current limiting resistor
9‧‧‧二極體 9‧‧‧ diode
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW98128151A TWI409845B (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | Relay drive circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW98128151A TWI409845B (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | Relay drive circuit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201108292A TW201108292A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
| TWI409845B true TWI409845B (en) | 2013-09-21 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW98128151A TWI409845B (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | Relay drive circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TW (1) | TWI409845B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW201237611A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-16 | shi-xun Zhou | Energy-saving control module |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0981212A (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-03-28 | Denso Corp | Relay output circuit for control device |
| US5907252A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1999-05-25 | Denso Corporation | Driving circuit for electromagnetic relay |
-
2009
- 2009-08-21 TW TW98128151A patent/TWI409845B/en active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0981212A (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-03-28 | Denso Corp | Relay output circuit for control device |
| US5907252A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1999-05-25 | Denso Corporation | Driving circuit for electromagnetic relay |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201108292A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
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