TWI407792B - Encodeer and decoder for processing television audio signals - Google Patents
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本申請案係有關下列具共同受讓人且為本案主張優先權的美國申請案，而其完整併入本文之內容是參照：“廣播電視音頻應用之多工無限脈衝響應(IIR)濾波器一節”，於2004年3月24日提出申請之美國專利申請案序號第60/555,853號。This application is related to the following U.S. application with the same assignee and priority to the present disclosure, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference: "Multiple Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters for Broadcast Television Audio Applications U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/555,853, filed on March 24, 2004.
本申請案係有關處理電視音頻信號，而更特定於，用於編碼及解碼電視音頻信號之可配置濾波器。The present application relates to configurable filters for processing television audio signals and, more particularly, for encoding and decoding television audio signals.
1984年，美國在聯邦通信委員會主辦下，採用電視立體音頻之傳輸及接收標準。該標準於FCC之公告OET－60中規範，且依建議該標準之廣播電視系統協會名稱而通常稱為BTSC系統，或稱為MTS(多通道電視聲音)系統。In 1984, the United States, under the auspices of the Federal Communications Commission, adopted the standard for transmission and reception of television stereo audio. This standard is specified in the FCC Bulletin OET-60 and is commonly referred to as the BTSC system, or MTS (Multi-Channel Television Sound) system, according to the name of the Radio and Television Systems Association that recommends this standard.
BTSC系統之前，廣播電視音頻是單聲道，由單一“通道”或音頻內容之信號所組成。典型的立體音頻需要兩獨立音頻通道之傳輸，以及能夠偵測及回復兩通道之接收器。為了符合FCC規定，使該新傳輸標準與現存單聲道電視機“相容”(亦即，該單聲道接收器能夠從新類型之立體廣播重新產生一適當之音頻信號)，該廣播電視系統協會採用一類似調頻無線電系統之方法：立體左、右音頻信號會組合來形成兩新信號，一加總信號及一差異信號。Prior to the BTSC system, broadcast television audio was mono, consisting of a single "channel" or signal of audio content. Typical stereo audio requires the transmission of two separate audio channels, as well as a receiver capable of detecting and retrieving both channels. In order to comply with FCC regulations, the new transmission standard is "compatible" with existing mono television sets (i.e., the mono receiver is capable of regenerating an appropriate audio signal from a new type of stereo broadcast), the broadcast television system The association uses a method similar to an FM radio system: stereo left and right audio signals are combined to form two new signals, one plus the total signal and one difference signal.
單聲道電視接收器只偵測及解調由該左、右立體信號組成之加總信號。可立體接收器接收加總及差異信號，重新組合該信號來擷取該原始立體左、右信號。The mono television receiver detects and demodulates only the summed signals composed of the left and right stereo signals. The stereo receiver receives the summed and difference signals and recombines the signals to capture the original stereo left and right signals.
提及傳輸，該加總信號直接調變該音頻(aural)調頻(FM)載波，如同一單聲道音頻信號(monophonic audio signal)。然而，該差異通道是首先調變於位在音頻載波的中心頻率上之31.768千赫茲(kHz)的調幅(AM)副載波上。調頻調變之本質是背景雜訊每倍頻程(octave)增加3分貝(dB)，結果是，因為該新的副載波與該音頻載波的中心頻率的距離比該總成或單聲道信號還遠，所以會將額外雜訊導入該差異通道中，進而會導入該回復之立體信號中。事實上，在許多情況中，該增加雜訊之特徵會使得該立體信號太噪雜而無法符合由FCC加諸之規定，所以該BTSC系統會於差異通道信號之路徑中委託一雜訊降低系統。Referring to transmission, the summed signal directly modulates the aural frequency modulated (FM) carrier, such as the same monophonic audio signal. However, the difference channel is first modulated on an amplitude modulated (AM) subcarrier that is located at 31.768 kilohertz (kHz) on the center frequency of the audio carrier. The essence of FM modulation is that the background noise increases by 3 decibels (dB) per octave, and as a result, because the distance between the new subcarrier and the center frequency of the audio carrier is greater than the total or mono signal. Farther away, additional noise is introduced into the difference channel, which in turn is imported into the stereo signal of the reply. In fact, in many cases, the addition of noise characteristics makes the stereo signal too noisy to comply with the FCC regulations, so the BTSC system will commission a noise reduction system in the path of the differential channel signal. .
有時，參照為dbx雜訊減少(以開發該技術之公司命名)之系統是包含一編碼器及解碼器之壓縮擴展(companding)類型。該編碼器於傳輸前會適應地濾波該差異信號，藉以傳輸程序期間，振幅及頻率內容於解碼時，會隱藏(“遮蔽”)收到之雜訊。該解碼器藉由復原該差異信號成原始型式，並因此確認該雜訊是由該信號內容以聲音遮蔽來完成該程序。Sometimes, the system referred to as dbx noise reduction (named after the company that developed the technology) is a compression type that includes an encoder and decoder. The encoder adaptively filters the difference signal before transmission, so that during transmission, the amplitude and frequency content will hide ("shadow") the received noise when decoding. The decoder completes the program by restoring the difference signal to the original version and thus confirming that the noise is masked by the signal content.
該dbx雜訊減少系統亦用來編碼及解碼第二音頻節目(SAP)信號，其界定於BTSC標準作為一額外資訊頻道，並通常用來，例如攜帶一替代語言之節目、為盲人之閱讀服務、或其他服務。The dbx noise reduction system is also used to encode and decode a second audio program (SAP) signal, which is defined by the BTSC standard as an additional information channel and is typically used, for example, to carry an alternative language program for blind reading services. , or other services.
當然，成本對電視製造商而言是主要考量。強烈競爭及消費者期待的結果是，消費者電子產品，特別是電視產品之邊際利潤能夠如消失般微小。因為該dbx解碼器位於電視接收器中，所以製造商對解碼器之成本會很敏感，而降低解碼器之成本是一必須且值得的目標。當該編碼器不位於電視接收器，而從利潤觀點來看並不那麼敏感時，任何降低編碼器之製造成本的開發亦會提供利益。Of course, the cost is a major consideration for TV manufacturers. The result of strong competition and consumer expectations is that the margins of consumer electronics, especially television products, can be as small as disappearing. Because the dbx decoder is located in the TV receiver, the manufacturer is sensitive to the cost of the decoder, and reducing the cost of the decoder is a must and worthwhile goal. Any development that reduces the manufacturing cost of the encoder will also provide benefits when the encoder is not located in the television receiver and is not as sensitive from a profit standpoint.
根據本揭示案之一觀點，一種電視音頻信號編碼器，包括一加總一左通道音頻信號及一右通道音頻信號來產生一加總信號之矩陣。該矩陣亦將該左、右音頻信號其中之一音頻信號與其中另一音頻信號相減來產生一差異信號。該編碼器亦包括一選擇性使用一或多組濾波器係數來濾波該差異信號之可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器。每一組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯來準備供傳輸之該差異信號。According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a television audio signal encoder includes a matrix that adds a left channel audio signal and a right channel audio signal to generate a summed signal. The matrix also subtracts one of the left and right audio signals from the other of the audio signals to produce a difference signal. The encoder also includes a configurable infinite impulse response digital filter that selectively filters the difference signal using one or more sets of filter coefficients. Each set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the difference signal for transmission.
一實施例中，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一選擇一或多組濾波器係數其中之一的選擇器。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一從一群組輸入信號中選擇輸入信號之選擇器。來自該群組輸入信號之一輸入信號可包括該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器之一輸出信號。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可以是一個二階(second order)無限脈衝響應濾波器。此外，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可配置為一低通濾波器、高通濾波器、帶通濾波器、增強濾波器等等。該濾波器係數之選擇可基於該電視音頻信號之取樣率。該濾波器係數之組合可儲存於一記憶體或一儲存於記憶體之詢查表中。該電視音頻信號可符合廣播電視系統協會(BTSC)標準、接近即時的縮擴音頻多工(NICAM)標準、A2/Zweiton標準、EIA－J標準、或其他類似音頻標準。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可於一積體電路中實施。In one embodiment, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector that selects one of the one or more sets of filter coefficients. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector for selecting an input signal from a group of input signals. An input signal from one of the group of input signals can include one of the configurable infinite impulse response digital filters. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be a second order infinite impulse response filter. In addition, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be configured as a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a band pass filter, an enhancement filter, and the like. The selection of the filter coefficients can be based on the sampling rate of the television audio signal. The combination of filter coefficients can be stored in a memory or in an inquiry table stored in the memory. The television audio signal may conform to the Broadcast Television Systems Association (BTSC) standard, near-instantaneous reduced audio complex (NICAM) standard, A2/Zweiton standard, EIA-J standard, or other similar audio standard. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be implemented in an integrated circuit.
根據本揭示案之另一觀點，一種電視音頻信號解碼器，包括一選擇性使用一或多組濾波器係數來濾波一差異信號之可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器。該差異信號藉由將一左通道及右通道音頻信號之一音頻信號與另一音頻信號相減來產生。每一組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯，來準備該差異信號以分離該左通道及右通道音頻信號。該解碼器亦包括一從該差異信號及一加總信號分離該左通道及右通道音頻信號之矩陣。該加總信號包括該左通道音頻信號及該右通道音頻信號之加總。In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a television audio signal decoder includes a configurable infinite impulse response digital filter that selectively filters one difference signal using one or more sets of filter coefficients. The difference signal is generated by subtracting one of the left channel and right channel audio signals from the other audio signal. Each set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the difference signal to separate the left and right channel audio signals. The decoder also includes a matrix separating the left and right channel audio signals from the difference signal and a sum signal. The summed signal includes a sum of the left channel audio signal and the right channel audio signal.
一實施例中，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一選擇一或多組濾波器係數其中之一的選擇器。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一從一群組輸入信號中選擇輸入信號之選擇器。來自該群組輸入信號之一輸入信號可包括該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器之一輸出信號。該可配置無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可以是一個二階無限脈衝響應濾波器。此外，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可配置為一低通濾波器、高通濾波器、帶通濾波器、增強濾波器等等。該濾波器係數之選擇可基於該電視音頻信號之取樣率。該濾波器係數之組合可儲存於一記憶體或一儲存於記憶體之詢查表中。該電視音頻信號可符合廣播電視系統協會(BTSC)標準、接近即時的縮擴音頻多工(NICAM)標準、A2/Zweiton標準、EIA－J標準、或其他類似音頻標準。該可配置無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可於一積體電路中實施。In one embodiment, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector that selects one of the one or more sets of filter coefficients. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector for selecting an input signal from a group of input signals. An input signal from one of the group of input signals can include one of the configurable infinite impulse response digital filters. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be a second order infinite impulse response filter. In addition, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be configured as a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a band pass filter, an enhancement filter, and the like. The selection of the filter coefficients can be based on the sampling rate of the television audio signal. The combination of filter coefficients can be stored in a memory or in an inquiry table stored in the memory. The television audio signal may conform to the Broadcast Television Systems Association (BTSC) standard, near-instantaneous reduced audio complex (NICAM) standard, A2/Zweiton standard, EIA-J standard, or other similar audio standard. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be implemented in an integrated circuit.
根據本揭示案之另一觀點，一用於編碼數位左、右通道音頻信號之數位BTSC信號編碼器以便該編碼之左、右通道音頻信號可隨後被解碼，來重新產生該數位左、右通道音頻信號，該數位左、右通道音頻信號之信號內容極少或無失真，包括，一矩陣加總該左通道音頻信號及該右通道音頻信號來產生一加總信號。該矩陣亦將該左、右音頻信號其中之一音頻信號與其中另一音頻信號相減來產生一差異信號。該BTSC編碼器亦包括一選擇性使用一或多組濾波器係數來濾波該差異信號之可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器。每一組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯，來準備供傳輸之該差異信號並符合BTSC標準。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a digital BTSC signal encoder for encoding digital left and right channel audio signals such that the encoded left and right channel audio signals can be subsequently decoded to regenerate the digital left and right channels. The audio signal, the digital left and right channel audio signals have little or no signal content, and includes a matrix summing the left channel audio signal and the right channel audio signal to generate a total signal. The matrix also subtracts one of the left and right audio signals from the other of the audio signals to produce a difference signal. The BTSC encoder also includes a configurable infinite impulse response digital filter that selectively filters the difference signal using one or more sets of filter coefficients. Each set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the difference signal for transmission and to comply with the BTSC standard.
一實施例中，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一選擇一或多組濾波器係數其中之一的選擇器。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一從一群組輸入信號中選擇輸入信號之選擇器。來自該群組輸入信號之一輸入信號可包括該可配置無限脈衝響應數位濾波器之一輸出信號。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可以是一個二階無限脈衝響應濾波器。此外，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可配置為一低通濾波器、高通濾波器、帶通濾波器、增強濾波器等等。該濾波器係數之選擇可基於該電視音頻信號之取樣率。該濾波器係數之組合可儲存於一記憶體或一儲存於記憶體之詢查表中。In one embodiment, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector that selects one of the one or more sets of filter coefficients. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector for selecting an input signal from a group of input signals. An input signal from one of the group of input signals can include one of the output signals of the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be a second order infinite impulse response filter. In addition, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be configured as a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a band pass filter, an enhancement filter, and the like. The selection of the filter coefficients can be based on the sampling rate of the television audio signal. The combination of filter coefficients can be stored in a memory or in an inquiry table stored in the memory.
根據本揭示案之另一觀點，一用於解碼數位左、右通道音頻信號之數位BTSC信號編碼器，該數位左、右通道音頻信號之信號內容極少或無失真，包括一選擇性使用一或多組濾波器係數來濾波一符合BTSC標準之差異信號的可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器。該差異信號藉由將一左通道及一右通道音頻信號之一音頻信號與另一音頻信號相減來產生。每一組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯，來準備該差異信號以分離該左通道及右通道音頻信號。BTSC信號解碼器亦包括一從該差異信號及一加總信號分離該左通道及右通道音頻信號之矩陣。該加總信號包括該左通道音頻信號及該右通道音頻信號之加總。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a digital BTSC signal encoder for decoding digital left and right channel audio signals, the digital left and right channel audio signals having little or no signal content, including an optional use of one or Multiple sets of filter coefficients to filter a configurable infinite impulse response digital filter that conforms to the difference signal of the BTSC standard. The difference signal is generated by subtracting one of the left channel and one right channel audio signal from the other audio signal. Each set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the difference signal to separate the left and right channel audio signals. The BTSC signal decoder also includes a matrix separating the left and right channel audio signals from the difference signal and a sum signal. The summed signal includes a sum of the left channel audio signal and the right channel audio signal.
一實施例中，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一選擇一或多組濾波器係數其中之一的選擇器。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一從一群組輸入信號中選擇輸入信號之選擇器。來自該群組輸入信號之一輸入信號可包括該可配置無限脈衝響應數位濾波器之一輸出信號。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可以是一個二階無限脈衝響應濾波器。此外，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可配置為一低通濾波器、高通濾波器、帶通濾波器、增強濾波器等等。該濾波器係數之選擇可基於該電視音頻信號之取樣率。該濾波器係數之組合可儲存於一記憶體或一儲存於記憶體之詢查表中。In one embodiment, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector that selects one of the one or more sets of filter coefficients. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector for selecting an input signal from a group of input signals. An input signal from one of the group of input signals can include one of the output signals of the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be a second order infinite impulse response filter. In addition, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be configured as a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a band pass filter, an enhancement filter, and the like. The selection of the filter coefficients can be based on the sampling rate of the television audio signal. The combination of filter coefficients can be stored in a memory or in an inquiry table stored in the memory.
根據本揭示案之另一觀點，一常駐於一電腦可讀媒體之電腦程式產品，已儲存指令，當處理器執行該指令時，造成該處理器加總一左通道音頻信號及一右通道音頻信號來產生一加總信號。執行指令亦造成該處理器將該左、右音頻信號其中之一音頻信號與其中另一音頻信號相減來產生一差異信號。此外，執行指令造成該處理器以一可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器，來選擇一或多組濾波器係數以濾波該差異信號。每一組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯來準備供傳輸之該差異信號。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product resident on a computer readable medium stores instructions for causing the processor to add a left channel audio signal and a right channel audio when the processor executes the command. The signal is used to generate a sum signal. Executing the instruction also causes the processor to subtract one of the left and right audio signals from the other of the audio signals to generate a difference signal. In addition, executing the instructions causes the processor to select one or more sets of filter coefficients to filter the difference signal with a configurable infinite impulse response digital filter. Each set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the difference signal for transmission.
一實施例中，該電腦程式產品更包括，執行時可從一群組輸入信號中選擇一輸入信號之指令。In one embodiment, the computer program product further includes an instruction to select an input signal from a group of input signals during execution.
根據本揭示案之另一觀點，一常駐於一電腦可讀媒體之電腦程式產品，儲存指令，當處理器執行該指令時，造成該處理器以一無限脈衝響應數位濾波器，來選擇一或多組濾波器係數以濾波該差異信號。該差異信號藉由將一左通道及一右通道音頻信號之一音頻信號與另一音頻信號相減來產生。該組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯，來準備該差異信號以分離該左通道及右通道音頻信號。執行之指令亦造成該處理器從該差異信號及一加總信號來分離該左通道及右通道音頻信號。該加總信號包括該左通道音頻信號及該右通道音頻信號之加總。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product resident on a computer readable medium stores instructions for causing the processor to select an I/O with an infinite impulse response digital filter when the processor executes the instruction. A plurality of sets of filter coefficients are used to filter the difference signal. The difference signal is generated by subtracting one of the left channel and one right channel audio signal from the other audio signal. The set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the difference signal to separate the left and right channel audio signals. The executed instructions also cause the processor to separate the left and right channel audio signals from the difference signal and a sum signal. The summed signal includes a sum of the left channel audio signal and the right channel audio signal.
一實施例中，該電腦程式產品更包括，執行時可從一群組輸入信號中選擇一輸入信號之指令。In one embodiment, the computer program product further includes an instruction to select an input signal from a group of input signals during execution.
根據本揭示案之另一觀點，一電視音頻信號編碼器包括一接收第二音頻節目信號之輸入級。該電視音頻信號編碼器亦包括一選擇性使用一或多組濾波器係數來濾波該第二音頻節目信號之可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器。每一組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯來準備供傳輸之該第二音頻節目信號。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a television audio signal encoder includes an input stage for receiving a second audio program signal. The television audio signal encoder also includes a configurable infinite impulse response digital filter that selectively filters the second audio program signal using one or more sets of filter coefficients. Each set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the second audio program signal for transmission.
一實施例中，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一選擇一或多組濾波器係數其中之一的選擇器。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一從一群組輸入信號中選擇輸入信號之選擇器。來自該群組輸入信號之一輸入信號可包括一該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器之輸出信號。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可以是一個二階無限脈衝響應濾波器。In one embodiment, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector that selects one of the one or more sets of filter coefficients. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector for selecting an input signal from a group of input signals. An input signal from one of the group of input signals can include an output signal of the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be a second order infinite impulse response filter.
根據本揭示案之另一觀點，一電視音頻信號編碼器包括一選擇性使用一或多組濾波器係數來濾波一第二音頻節目信號之可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器。每一組可選擇之濾波器係數與一唯一的濾波應用相關聯，來準備該第二音頻節目信號供一電視接收器系統。In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a television audio signal encoder includes a configurable infinite impulse response digital filter that selectively filters one second audio program signal using one or more sets of filter coefficients. Each set of selectable filter coefficients is associated with a unique filtering application to prepare the second audio program signal for a television receiver system.
一實施例中，該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一選擇一或多組濾波器係數其中之一的選擇器。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可包括一從一群組輸入信號中選擇輸入信號之選擇器。來自該群組輸入信號之一輸入信號可包括該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器之一輸出信號。該可配置之無限脈衝響應數位濾波器可以是一個二階無限脈衝響應濾波器。In one embodiment, the configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector that selects one of the one or more sets of filter coefficients. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can include a selector for selecting an input signal from a group of input signals. An input signal from one of the group of input signals can include one of the configurable infinite impulse response digital filters. The configurable infinite impulse response digital filter can be a second order infinite impulse response filter.
對業界熟知此技藝者而言，從下列詳細敘述中，本發明之額外優點及觀念會變得相當明顯，其中僅由演練本發明意欲之最佳模式的舉例說明，來顯示及敘述本發明之實施例。如上所述，在完全不悖離本揭示案之精神下，本揭示案可涵蓋其他不同實施例，其若干細節可明顯於不同方面作變更。於是，圖式及敘述視為本質之繪示，而非視為限制。The additional advantages and concepts of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the <RTIgt; Example. As described above, the present disclosure may cover other different embodiments, and several details may be changed in various aspects without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as a
參照圖1，一BTSC相容電視信號傳送器10之功能性方塊圖，包括五條提供傳輸信號之線路(例如，導線、纜線等等)。特別是，左、右音頻通道分別設置於線路12及14。一SAP信號由線路16提供，該信號具有提供額外通道資訊之內容(例如，替代語言等等)。一第四線路18提供一專業通道，一般是由廣播電視及有線電視公司使用。視頻信號由線路20提供至傳送器22。該左、右、及SAP通道提供至一準備該傳輸之音頻信號的BTSC編碼器24。特別是，該左、右音頻通道提供至一計算來自該音頻信號之一加總信號(例如，L＋R)及一差異信號(例如，L－R)的矩陣26。矩陣26之典型操作是藉由採用一數位信號處理器(DSP)，或電視音頻及視頻信號處理之業界，熟知此技藝者皆知的類似基於硬體或軟體之技術來實行。一旦產生後，將加總及差異信號(亦即，L＋R及L－R)予以編碼供傳輸。特別是，該加總信號(亦即，L＋R)提供至一預強調單元28，其可改變關於其他頻率構件之加總信號的選擇頻率構件大小。該改變可以是抑制該選擇頻率構件大小之負面意義，或該改變可以是增強該選擇頻率構件大小之正面意義。Referring to Figure 1, a functional block diagram of a BTSC compatible television signal transmitter 10 includes five lines (e.g., wires, cables, etc.) that provide for transmission signals. In particular, the left and right audio channels are disposed on lines 12 and 14, respectively. An SAP signal is provided by line 16 with content that provides additional channel information (e.g., alternative language, etc.). A fourth line 18 provides a professional channel, typically used by broadcast television and cable companies. The video signal is provided by line 20 to transmitter 22. The left, right, and SAP channels are provided to a BTSC encoder 24 that prepares the transmitted audio signal. In particular, the left and right audio channels are provided to a matrix 26 that computes a sum signal (e.g., L+R) and a difference signal (e.g., L-R) from one of the audio signals. The typical operation of matrix 26 is carried out by a hardware or software based technique known in the art using a digital signal processor (DSP), or television audio and video signal processing. Once generated, the sum and difference signals (i.e., L+R and L-R) are encoded for transmission. In particular, the summed signal (i.e., L+R) is provided to a pre-emphasis unit 28 that can vary the selected frequency component size for the summed signals of other frequency components. The change may be a negative of suppressing the size of the selected frequency component, or the change may be a positive meaning of enhancing the size of the selected frequency component.
該差異信號(亦即，L－R)提供至一通當於傳輸前濾波該信號之BTSC壓縮器30，藉此當解碼時，該信號振幅及頻率內容於傳輸期間會抑制加諸之雜訊。類似該差異信號，該SAP信號提供至一BTSC壓縮器32。一音頻調變器級34接收該處理之加總信號、差異信號、及SAP信號。此外，來自該專業通道之信號提供至音頻調變器級34。該四個信號由音頻調變器級34調變並提供至傳送器22。連同由該視訊通道提供之視訊信號，該四個音頻信號作為傳輸之條件並提供至一天線36(或一天線系統)。電視系統及電信業界熟知此技藝者皆知的不同信號傳送技術，可由傳送器22及天線36來實施。例如，傳送器22可併入一有線電視系統、廣播電視系統、或其他類似之電視系統。The difference signal (i.e., L-R) is provided to a BTSC compressor 30 that filters the signal prior to transmission, whereby when decoded, the amplitude and frequency content of the signal suppresses the added noise during transmission. Similar to the difference signal, the SAP signal is supplied to a BTSC compressor 32. An audio modulator stage 34 receives the summed signal, the difference signal, and the SAP signal of the process. In addition, signals from the professional channel are provided to the audio modulator stage 34. The four signals are modulated by the audio modulator stage 34 and provided to the transmitter 22. Together with the video signals provided by the video channel, the four audio signals are provided as a condition for transmission and provided to an antenna 36 (or an antenna system). Different signal transmission techniques well known to those skilled in the art of television systems and the telecommunications industry can be implemented by transmitter 22 and antenna 36. For example, transmitter 22 can be incorporated into a cable television system, broadcast television system, or other similar television system.
參照圖2，顯示一代表由BTSC壓縮器30之一部分實行的操作之方塊圖。一般而言，由BTSC壓縮器30實行之差異信號(亦即，L－R)處理，比由預強調單元28實行之加總信號(亦即，L＋R)處理更加複雜。即使在與該差異信號之傳輸及接收相關聯的較高雜訊基準存在下，由該差動通道處理BTSC壓縮器30提供之額外處理，以及由接收一BTSC信號之解碼器(未顯示)提供之互補處理相結合，可將該差異信號之雜訊比維持在一可接受之位準。BTSC壓縮器30基本上藉由動態壓縮、或降低該差異信號之動態範圍，來產生該編碼之差異信號，藉此該編碼信號可透過一有限之動態範圍傳輸路徑來傳送，並且藉此接收該編碼信號之解碼器，藉由以互補方式延伸該壓縮之差異信號，可實質回復原來差異信號之所有動態範圍。某些規劃中，BTSC壓縮器30是一併入本文參考的美國專利編號第4,539,526號敘述之適當信號加權系統(signal weighing system)的特定型式，而其透過一具有相當狹窄、與頻率無關、動態範圍之傳輸路徑，來傳送一具有相當大動態範圍之信號的優點是眾所皆知的。Referring to Figure 2, a block diagram representing the operation performed by a portion of the BTSC compressor 30 is shown. In general, the difference signal (i.e., L-R) processing performed by the BTSC compressor 30 is more complicated than the summed signal (i.e., L+R) processing performed by the pre-emphasis unit 28. The additional processing provided by the BTSC compressor 30 is processed by the differential channel and provided by a decoder (not shown) that receives a BTSC signal, even in the presence of a higher noise reference associated with transmission and reception of the difference signal. The complementary processing combines to maintain the noise ratio of the difference signal at an acceptable level. The BTSC compressor 30 basically generates the encoded difference signal by dynamically compressing or reducing the dynamic range of the difference signal, whereby the encoded signal can be transmitted through a limited dynamic range transmission path, and thereby receiving the The decoder of the encoded signal substantially recovers all of the dynamic range of the original difference signal by extending the compressed difference signal in a complementary manner. In some designs, the BTSC compressor 30 is a specific version of a suitable signal weighting system as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,539,526, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The advantage of a range of transmission paths to transmit a signal having a relatively large dynamic range is well known.
該BTSC標準嚴格界定BTSC編碼器24以及BTSC壓縮器30及32所欲之操作。特別是，該BTSC標準提供包括於，例如BTSC壓縮器30中每個構件之操作的轉換功能及/或指南，而該轉換功能會以理想化類比濾波器之數學表示法來敘述。從矩陣26接收該差異信號(亦即，L－R)，該信號會提供至內插法及固定預強調級38。某些數位BTSC編碼器中，該內插法設定為該取樣比率之兩倍，而該內插法可由線性內插法、拋物線內插法、或一n階濾波器(例如，一有限脈衝響應(FIR)濾波器、一無限脈衝響應(IIR)濾波器，等等)來完成。該內插法及固定預強調級38亦提供預強調。內插法及預強調之後，該差異信號會提供至一除法器(divider)40，其將該差異信號除以一由該差異信號判定之數量，並詳細敘述如下。The BTSC standard strictly defines the desired operation of the BTSC encoder 24 and the BTSC compressors 30 and 32. In particular, the BTSC standard provides conversion functions and/or guidelines included in, for example, the operation of each component in the BTSC compressor 30, which is described in terms of a mathematical representation of an idealized analog filter. The difference signal (i.e., L-R) is received from matrix 26, which is provided to interpolation and fixed pre-emphasis stage 38. In some digital BTSC encoders, the interpolation method is set to twice the sampling rate, and the interpolation method may be linear interpolation, parabolic interpolation, or an n-th order filter (for example, a finite impulse response). (FIR) filter, an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter, etc.). The interpolation and fixed pre-emphasis stages 38 also provide pre-emphasis. After interpolation and pre-emphasis, the difference signal is provided to a divider 40 which divides the difference signal by a quantity determined by the difference signal and is described in detail below.
除法器40之輸出提供至一實行該差異信號之強調濾波的光譜壓縮單元42。一般而言，光譜壓縮單元42藉由放大具有相當小振幅之信號，以及衰減具有相當大振幅之信號，來“壓縮”、或降低該差異信號之動態範圍。某些規劃中，光譜壓縮單元42會從控制該被施加之預強調/解強調的差異信號，來產生一內在控制信號。一般而言，光譜壓縮單元42可藉由該編碼差異信號之高頻部分中的能量位準判定之量，來動態壓縮該差異信號之高頻部分。於是光譜壓縮單元42可對該差異信號之高頻部分，提供額外之信號壓縮。如此規劃係因為於該光譜之較高頻部分中，該差異信號傾向為較多雜訊。當該編碼之差異信號於一解碼器中使用光譜擴充器，各自以該編碼器之光譜壓縮單元的互補方式來解碼時，會實質保存該L－R信號之信號對雜訊比(signal－to－noise radio)。The output of divider 40 is provided to a spectral compression unit 42 that performs the emphasis filtering of the difference signal. In general, spectral compression unit 42 "compresses" or reduces the dynamic range of the difference signal by amplifying a signal having a relatively small amplitude and attenuating a signal having a substantial amplitude. In some designs, spectral compression unit 42 may generate an intrinsic control signal from the differential signal that controls the applied pre-emphasis/de-emphasis. In general, spectral compression unit 42 can dynamically compress the high frequency portion of the difference signal by the amount of energy level determination in the high frequency portion of the encoded difference signal. Spectral compression unit 42 can then provide additional signal compression for the high frequency portion of the difference signal. This is so planned because the difference signal tends to be more noisy in the higher frequency portion of the spectrum. When the encoded difference signal is decoded in a decoder using a spectral expander, each of which is decoded in a complementary manner of the spectral compression unit of the encoder, the signal-to-noise ratio (signal-to) of the L-R signal is substantially saved. -noise radio).
一旦光譜壓縮單元42處理後，該差異信號係提供至一過度調變保護單元44及有限帶寬單元46。類似其他構件，該BTSC標準提供過度調變保護單元44及有限帶寬單元46之操作建議指南。一般而言，有限帶寬單元46及過度調變保護單元44之一部分可描述為低通濾波器。過度調變保護單元44亦可作為將該編碼差異信號之振幅限制於全調變的定限裝置(threshold devicc)，其中全調變是於一電視信號中，調變一音頻副載波所允許之最大偏差位準。Once processed by spectral compression unit 42, the difference signal is provided to an over-modulation protection unit 44 and a finite bandwidth unit 46. Like other components, the BTSC standard provides operational recommendations for overmodulation protection unit 44 and limited bandwidth unit 46. In general, one portion of the limited bandwidth unit 46 and the overmodulation protection unit 44 can be described as a low pass filter. The overmodulation protection unit 44 can also serve as a threshold devicc that limits the amplitude of the coded difference signal to full modulation, wherein the full modulation is allowed in a television signal by modulating an audio subcarrier. The maximum deviation level.
兩回饋路徑48及50包括於BTSC壓縮器30中。回饋路徑50包括一光譜控制帶通濾波器52，其典型具有一相當窄，且對較高之音頻信號加權(weighted)之通帶，來對光譜壓縮單元42提供一控制信號。為了將光譜控制帶通濾波器52產生之控制信號設定條件，回饋路徑50亦包括一多工器54(配置來平方光譜控制帶通濾波器52提供之信號)、一積分器56、以及一提供該控制信號至光譜壓縮單元42之平方根裝置。回饋路徑48亦包括一帶通濾波器(亦即，增益控制帶通濾波器60)，其從有限帶寬單元46濾波該輸出信號，經由除法器40來設定施加至內插法及固定預強調級38之輸出信號的增益(gain)。類似回饋路徑50，回饋路徑48亦包括一多工器62、一積分器64、以及一平方根裝置66，來將提供至除法器40之信號設定條件。Two feedback paths 48 and 50 are included in the BTSC compressor 30. The feedback path 50 includes a spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52 that typically has a relatively narrow passband that is weighted to the higher audio signal to provide a control signal to the spectral compression unit 42. In order to set the control signal generation conditions generated by the spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52, the feedback path 50 also includes a multiplexer 54 (configured to modulate the signal provided by the bandpass filter 52), an integrator 56, and a provide The control signal is to the square root device of spectral compression unit 42. The feedback path 48 also includes a bandpass filter (i.e., gain control bandpass filter 60) that filters the output signal from the finite bandwidth unit 46, and applies the interpolation to the interpolation and fixed pre-emphasis stages 38 via the divider 40. The gain of the output signal. Similar to the feedback path 50, the feedback path 48 also includes a multiplexer 62, an integrator 64, and a square root device 66 to set the conditions for the signal provided to the divider 40.
參照圖3，顯示一表示電視接收器系統68之方塊圖，其包括一從電視傳輸系統10來接收BTSC相容廣播信號之天線70(或天線系統)(顯示於圖1)。天線70接收之信號提供至一能夠偵測及隔離該電視傳輸信號之接收器72。然而，某些規劃中，接收器72可從電視信號廣播業界熟知此技藝者皆知的另一電視信號傳輸技術，來接收該BTSC相容信號。例如，該電視信號可於有線電視系統或衛星電視網路上提供至接收器72。Referring to Figure 3, there is shown a block diagram of a television receiver system 68 including an antenna 70 (or antenna system) (shown in Figure 1) for receiving BTSC compatible broadcast signals from television transmission system 10. The signal received by antenna 70 is provided to a receiver 72 that is capable of detecting and isolating the television transmission signal. However, in some programming, receiver 72 may receive the BTSC compatible signal from another television signal transmission technique well known to those skilled in the art of television signal broadcasting. For example, the television signal can be provided to the receiver 72 on a cable television system or satellite television network.
接收該電視信號後，接收器72將該信號設定條件(例如，放大、濾波、頻率標度、等等)，並將該視頻信號及音頻信號從傳輸信號中分離。該視頻內容提供至一視頻處理系統74，其將包含於該視頻信號之視頻內容準備於一與該電視接收器系統68相關聯的螢幕中呈現。包含該分離音頻內容之信號提供至一解調器級76，例如，於電視傳輸系統10中移除施加至音頻信號的調變。該解調之音頻信號(例如，SAP通道、專業通道、加總信號、差異信號)提供至一適當解碼每一信號之BTSC解碼器78。該SAP通道提供至一SAP通道解碼器80，而該專業通道提供至一專業通道解碼器82。分離該SAP通道及專業通道後，一解調加總信號(亦即，L＋R信號)提供至一解強調單元84，相較於預強調單元28，其以一實質互補的方式來處理該加總信號(顯示於圖1)。解強調該加總信號之光譜內容後，該信號提供至一用以分離該左、右通道音頻信號之矩陣88。Upon receiving the television signal, the receiver 72 sets conditions (e.g., amplification, filtering, frequency scaling, etc.) to the signal and separates the video signal and the audio signal from the transmitted signal. The video content is provided to a video processing system 74 that prepares the video content contained in the video signal for presentation in a screen associated with the television receiver system 68. The signal containing the separate audio content is provided to a demodulator stage 76, for example, to remove modulation applied to the audio signal in television transmission system 10. The demodulated audio signal (e.g., SAP channel, professional channel, summed signal, difference signal) is provided to a BTSC decoder 78 that appropriately decodes each signal. The SAP channel is provided to a SAP channel decoder 80, which is provided to a professional channel decoder 82. After separating the SAP channel and the professional channel, a demodulated summed signal (i.e., L+R signal) is provided to a de-emphasis unit 84, which processes the summation in a substantially complementary manner as compared to the pre-emphasis unit 28. Signal (shown in Figure 1). After emphasizing the spectral content of the summed signal, the signal is provided to a matrix 88 for separating the left and right channel audio signals.
該差異信號(亦即，L－R)亦可由解調器級76來解調，並提供至一包括於BTSC解碼器78中之BTSC擴充器86。BTSC擴充器86符合該BTSC標準，並詳述如下，將該差異信號設定條件。矩陣88從BTSC擴充器86接收該差異信號並伴隨該加總信號，將該左、右音頻通道分離成獨立之信號(於圖3中以“L”及“R”識別)。藉由分離該信號，該各別左、右通道音頻信號可被設定條件並提供至個別的揚聲器。本範例中，左、右音頻通道兩者提供至一放大器級90，其於將該個別信號提供至用於廣播該左通道音頻內容之揚聲器92，以及另一用於廣播該右通道音頻內容之揚聲器94之前，將相同(或相異)增益施加至每一通道。The difference signal (i.e., L-R) may also be demodulated by demodulator stage 76 and provided to a BTSC extender 86 included in BTSC decoder 78. The BTSC expander 86 conforms to the BTSC standard and is described in detail below, setting the condition of the difference signal. The matrix 88 receives the difference signal from the BTSC extender 86 and, with the summation signal, separates the left and right audio channels into separate signals (identified by "L" and "R" in Figure 3). By separating the signals, the respective left and right channel audio signals can be conditionally set and provided to individual speakers. In this example, both the left and right audio channels are provided to an amplifier stage 90 that provides the individual signal to the speaker 92 for broadcasting the left channel audio content, and another for broadcasting the right channel audio content. The same (or different) gain is applied to each channel before the speaker 94.
參照圖4，一識別BTSC擴充器86實行設定該差異信號條件之某些操作的方塊圖。一般而言，BTSC擴充器86實行與BTSC壓縮器32實行之操作互補的操作(顯示於圖2)。特別是，該壓縮差異信號提供至一用於解壓縮該信號之信號路徑96，並提供至兩路徑98及100，其個別產生控制及增益信號來協助處理該差異信號。為了啟動該處理程序，該壓縮差異信號提供至一濾波該壓縮差異信號之有限帶寬單元102。該有限帶寬單元102提供一信號至路徑98來產生一控制信號，以及至路徑100來產生一增益信號。路徑100包括一增益控制帶通濾波器104、多工器106(其平方該增益控制帶通濾波器之輸出)、積分器108、及平方根裝置110。路徑98亦從有限帶寬單元102來接收該信號，並以光譜控制帶通濾波器112、平方裝置114、積分器116、及平方根裝置118來處理該信號。之後路徑98提供一控制信號至一光譜擴充單元120，其實行之操作與顯示於圖2之光譜壓縮單元42實行的操作互補。路徑100產生之增益信號提供至從光譜擴充單元120接收輸出信號之多工器122。多工器122提供該光譜延伸差異信號至一固定之解強調單元124，相較於BTSC壓縮器30實行之濾波，其以一互補方式來濾波該信號。一般而言，該術語“解強調(de－emphasis)”意謂以原始信號編碼之互補方式，以負面或正面意義來改變該解碼信號之選定頻率成分。Referring to Figure 4, an identification BTSC expander 86 performs a block diagram of certain operations for setting the difference signal condition. In general, BTSC expander 86 performs operations complementary to the operations performed by BTSC compressor 32 (shown in Figure 2). In particular, the compressed difference signal is provided to a signal path 96 for decompressing the signal and provided to two paths 98 and 100, which individually generate control and gain signals to assist in processing the difference signal. To initiate the processing, the compressed difference signal is provided to a finite bandwidth unit 102 that filters the compressed difference signal. The finite bandwidth unit 102 provides a signal to path 98 to generate a control signal and to path 100 to generate a gain signal. Path 100 includes a gain control bandpass filter 104, a multiplexer 106 (which squares the output of the gain control bandpass filter), an integrator 108, and a square root device 110. Path 98 also receives the signal from finite bandwidth unit 102 and processes the signal with spectrally controlled bandpass filter 112, squaring device 114, integrator 116, and square root device 118. Path 98 then provides a control signal to a spectral expansion unit 120 that performs the operations complementary to the operations performed by spectral compression unit 42 shown in FIG. The gain signal generated by path 100 is provided to multiplexer 122 that receives the output signal from spectral expansion unit 120. The multiplexer 122 provides the spectral extension difference signal to a fixed de-emphasis unit 124 that filters the signal in a complementary manner as compared to filtering performed by the BTSC compressor 30. In general, the term "de-emphasis" means to change the selected frequency component of the decoded signal in a negative or positive sense in a complementary manner to the original signal encoding.
BTSC編碼器24及BTSC解碼器78兩者包括多重濾波器，其調整音頻信號之振幅作為一頻率之功能。某些電視傳輸系統及接收系統之習知技術中，每一個濾波器會以離散(discrete)類比構件來實施。然而，由於數位信號處理之優點，某些BTSC編碼器及BTSC解碼器可於數位領域中以一或多個積體電路(IC)來實施。此外，多重數位BTSC編碼器及/或解碼器可於單一IC上實施。例如，編碼器及解碼器可併入作為超大型積體(VLSI)系統之一部分的單一IC中。Both BTSC encoder 24 and BTSC decoder 78 include multiple filters that adjust the amplitude of the audio signal as a function of frequency. In some conventional techniques of television transmission systems and receiving systems, each filter is implemented as a discrete analog component. However, due to the advantages of digital signal processing, some BTSC encoders and BTSC decoders can be implemented in the digital domain with one or more integrated circuits (ICs). In addition, multiple digital BTSC encoders and/or decoders can be implemented on a single IC. For example, the encoder and decoder can be incorporated into a single IC that is part of a very large integrated (VLSI) system.
IC成本之大部分直接與該晶片之實體大小成正比，特別是其‘晶粒(die)’之大小，或是該晶片之主動、非封裝部分。某些規劃中，數位BTSC編碼器及解碼器實行之濾波操作，可使用設計來執行DSP之功能及操作範圍的通用數位信號處理器來執行。該等DSP引擎往往具有相當大之晶粒區，因此使用來實施BTSC編碼器及解碼器會相當昂貴。又，該DSP可能專用於執行其他功能及操作。藉由分享此資源，該DSP實行之處理可能過載且干擾BTSC編碼器及解碼器之功能及操作。The majority of the cost of the IC is directly proportional to the physical size of the wafer, particularly its 'die' size, or the active, non-packaged portion of the wafer. In some designs, the filtering operations performed by digital BTSC encoders and decoders can be performed using a general-purpose digital signal processor designed to perform the functions and operating ranges of the DSP. These DSP engines tend to have quite large die areas, so using them to implement BTSC encoders and decoders can be quite expensive. Again, the DSP may be dedicated to performing other functions and operations. By sharing this resource, the processing performed by the DSP may be overloaded and interfere with the functionality and operation of the BTSC encoder and decoder.
某些規劃中，BTSC編碼器及解碼器可併入基本構件之群組來降低成本。例如，可併入乘法器、加法器、及多工器之群組來產生該BTSC編碼器及解碼器之功能。然而，雖幾乎相同之構件群組可易於製造，但該等構件表示大量晶粒區並增加IC總成本。於是，需降低用來實施數位BTSC編碼器及/或解碼器之重複電路構件的數量。In some plans, BTSC encoders and decoders can be incorporated into groups of basic components to reduce cost. For example, a group of multipliers, adders, and multiplexers can be incorporated to generate the functionality of the BTSC encoder and decoder. However, although almost identical component groups can be easily fabricated, these components represent a large number of grain regions and increase the total IC cost. Thus, the number of repetitive circuit components used to implement the digital BTSC encoder and/or decoder needs to be reduced.
參照圖5，顯示一可配置之無限脈衝響應(IIR)濾波器126之方塊圖，其能夠實行數位BTSC編碼器或解碼器之多重濾波操作。藉由提供可選擇濾波係數，可配置之IIR濾波器126可針對各種濾波操作來配置。例如，選擇濾波係數，以便可配置之IIR濾波器126可操作成濾波器設計業界熟知此技藝者皆知的低通濾波器、高通濾波器、帶通濾波器、或其他類型濾波器。因此，一個或相當少量之可配置之IIR濾波器可用來提供一BTSC編碼器或一BTSC解碼器之大部分或所有的濾波需求。藉由降低解碼器及編碼器濾波器之數量，一IC晶片之實施區可隨該BTSC編碼器及解碼器之生產成本而降低。Referring to Figure 5, a block diagram of a configurable Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter 126 is shown that is capable of performing multiple filtering operations on a digital BTSC encoder or decoder. The configurable IIR filter 126 can be configured for various filtering operations by providing selectable filter coefficients. For example, the filter coefficients are selected such that the configurable IIR filter 126 is operable as a low pass filter, high pass filter, band pass filter, or other type of filter known to those skilled in the art of filter design. Thus, one or a relatively small number of configurable IIR filters can be used to provide most or all of the filtering requirements of a BTSC encoder or a BTSC decoder. By reducing the number of decoder and encoder filters, the implementation area of an IC chip can be reduced with the production cost of the BTSC encoder and decoder.
為了允許可配置之IIR濾波器126來實行多種類型之濾波操作，該濾波器包括一輸入選擇器128，其控制輸入端(例如，輸入1、輸入2、...、輸入N)之一提供一輸入信號至該濾波器。簡單參照圖2，選擇器128之某些輸入端可連接來提供每一個於BTSC壓縮器30中實行的濾波操作之輸入信號。例如，增益控制帶通濾波器60之輸入可連接至選擇器128之輸入2。同樣地，光譜控制帶通濾波器52之輸入可連接至選擇器128之另一輸入端(例如，輸入N)。之後，選擇器128可控制可配置之IIR濾波器126實行特定之濾波操作。例如，一時間週期中，可選擇一輸入(例如，輸入2)，而可配置之IIR濾波器126可配置來提供增益控制帶通濾波器60之濾波功能。之後，另一時間週期中，選擇器128用來選擇另一輸入(例如，輸入N)以實行一不同之濾波操作。伴隨選擇其他輸入(例如，輸入N)，可配置之IIR濾波器126亦可配置來提供不同類型之濾波功能，諸如光譜控制帶通濾波器52提供之濾波。To allow the configurable IIR filter 126 to perform various types of filtering operations, the filter includes an input selector 128 that provides one of the control inputs (eg, input 1, input 2, ..., input N). An input signal to the filter. Referring briefly to Figure 2, certain inputs of selector 128 are coupled to provide an input signal for each of the filtering operations performed in BTSC compressor 30. For example, the input of gain control bandpass filter 60 can be coupled to input 2 of selector 128. Likewise, the input of the spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52 can be coupled to another input of the selector 128 (e.g., input N). Thereafter, selector 128 can control configurable IIR filter 126 to perform a particular filtering operation. For example, an input (e.g., input 2) can be selected for a period of time, and the configurable IIR filter 126 can be configured to provide a filtering function for the gain control bandpass filter 60. Thereafter, in another time period, selector 128 is used to select another input (e.g., input N) to perform a different filtering operation. Along with selecting other inputs (eg, input N), the configurable IIR filter 126 can also be configured to provide different types of filtering functions, such as those provided by the spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52.
為了實行多重濾波操作，例如，對BTSC壓縮器或BTSC擴充器而言，可配置之IIR濾波器126於一實質快於該數位壓縮器或擴充器之其他部分的時脈速度(clock speed)上操作。藉由於一較快時脈速度上操作，在不造成延遲該數位壓縮器或擴充器之其他操作下，可配置之IIR濾波器10可實行一種濾波類型。例如，藉由於一較快時脈速度上操作可配置之IIR濾波器126，在不實質延遲下一個濾波器配置(例如，光譜控制帶通濾波器52之濾波操作)之執行下，該濾波器可首次配置來實行濾波增益控制帶通濾波器60。To perform multiple filtering operations, for example, for a BTSC compressor or BTSC expander, the configurable IIR filter 126 is substantially faster than the clock speed of the digital compressor or other portion of the expander. operating. By operating at a faster clock speed, the configurable IIR filter 10 can implement a type of filtering without causing delays in the operation of the digital compressor or expander. For example, by operating the configurable IIR filter 126 at a faster clock speed, the filter is executed without substantially delaying the execution of the next filter configuration (e.g., the filtering operation of the spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52). The filter gain control bandpass filter 60 can be implemented for the first time.
本特定規劃中，可配置之IIR濾波器126實施為一個二階IIR濾波器。參照圖6，一z領域信號流程圖130是呈現一典型二階IIR濾波器。一輸入節點132接收一識別為X(z)之輸入信號。該輸入信號提供至一施加濾波器係數a0 至該輸入信號之增益級134。某些應用中，該濾波器係數a0 具有一單一值。同樣地，一濾波器係數b0 於增益級136施加至該輸入信號。於延遲級138中，當該輸入信號進入濾波器之一階(first－order)部分並於增益級140及142中個別施加濾波器係數a1 及b1 時，會施加一時間延遲(亦即，z領域中表示為z－ 1 )。於延遲級144中施加一第二延遲(亦即，z－ 2 )用以產生濾波器130之二階部分，並於增益級146及148中個別施加濾波器係數a2 及b2 。該濾波信號提供至一輸出節點150，藉此可從該二階濾波器130之轉換函數H(z)決定輸出信號Y(z)，如下列方程式(1)所述：H(z)＝(b0 ＋b1 z－ 1 ＋b2 z－ 2 )/(a0 ＋a1 z－ 1 ＋a2 z－ 2 )每一個包括於轉換函數之係數(亦即，b0 、a0 、b1 、a1 、b2 、以及a2 )可指定為特定值來產生一所欲之濾波器類型。例如，該係數可指定為特定值來產生一低通濾波器、高通濾波器、或是帶通濾波器，等等。因此，藉由對每一係數提供適當值，可將該二階濾波器之類型及特性(例如，通帶、衰減等等)配置及重新配置成具有一組不同係數之另一類型濾波器(取決於該應用類型)。本範例敘述一個二階濾波器，於其他排列中可實施一n階濾波器。例如，可實施較高階(例如，三階、四階、等等)濾波器或較低階(例如，一階濾波器)。此外，某些應用中，相同或不同階濾波器可級聯(cascade)來產生一n階濾波器。In this particular plan, the configurable IIR filter 126 is implemented as a second order IIR filter. Referring to Figure 6, a z-domain signal flow diagram 130 presents a typical second-order IIR filter. An input node 132 receives an input signal identified as X(z). The input signal is provided to a gain stage 134 that applies filter coefficient a 0 to the input signal. In some applications, the filter coefficient a 0 has a single value. Similarly, a filter coefficient b 0 is applied to the input signal to the gain stage 136. In the delay stage 138, a time delay is applied when the input signal enters the first-order portion of the filter and the filter coefficients a 1 and b 1 are applied individually in the gain stages 140 and 142 (ie, , the z field is expressed as z - 1 ). Applying a second delay to the delay stage 144 (i.e., z - 2) for generating second order portion of filter 130, and 146 and to the gain stage 148 is applied to the individual filter coefficients a 2 and b 2. The filtered signal is provided to an output node 150, whereby the output signal Y(z) can be determined from the transfer function H(z) of the second order filter 130, as described in equation (1) below: H(z) = (b) 0 + b 1 z - 1 + b 2 z - 2 ) / (a 0 + a 1 z - 1 + a 2 z - 2 ) each of the coefficients included in the transfer function (i.e., b 0 , a 0 , b 1 , a 1 , b 2 , and a 2 ) can be specified as specific values to produce a desired filter type. For example, the coefficient can be specified as a specific value to produce a low pass filter, a high pass filter, or a band pass filter, and the like. Thus, by providing an appropriate value for each coefficient, the type and characteristics of the second-order filter (eg, passband, attenuation, etc.) can be configured and reconfigured into another type of filter having a different set of coefficients (depending on For the application type). This example describes a second order filter, and an nth order filter can be implemented in other arrangements. For example, higher order (eg, third order, fourth order, etc.) filters or lower order (eg, first order filters) may be implemented. In addition, in some applications, the same or different order filters can be cascaded to produce an nth order filter.
往回參照圖5，伴隨使用選擇器128來選擇可配置之IIR濾波器126之一特定輸入，選擇該濾波器使用之係數來實施不同類型之濾波器，並提供特定之濾波器特性。例如，可選擇係數來實施一低通濾波器、高通濾波器、帶通濾波器、或是其他用來編碼或解碼BTSC音頻信號之相似類型濾波器。本範例中，個別選擇器152、154、156、160以及162用來選擇該二階可配置之IIR濾波器126之每一個係數。例如，選擇器152從取決於濾波器類型及濾波器特性之“n”係數(亦即，a0 ( 0 ) 、a0 ( 1 ) 、a0 ( 2 ) . . . a0 ( n ) )群組中提供該二階濾波器的a0 係數。同樣地，選擇器154至162亦從個別之係數值群組來選擇實施該濾波器。藉由提供該些可選擇之係數值，可配置之IIR濾波器126可配置來提供濾波器之編碼及解碼操作。回到先前範例，若選擇器128放置於選擇輸入2之位置(亦即，增益控制帶通濾波器60之輸入)，選擇器152至162可選擇個別之係數(例如，a0 ( 0 ) 、b0 ( 0 ) 、a1 ( 0 ) 、b1 ( 0 ) 、b2 ( 0 ) 、a2 ( 0 ) )，以便IIR濾波器126可以具有特性地配置成適當之濾波器類型，來實施為該增益控制帶通濾波器。完成濾波後，選擇器128之後可放置在存在於輸入N之信號提供至可配置之IIR濾波器126的位置。仍使用先前範例，選擇器128之輸入N可提供指定往光譜控制帶通濾波器52之輸入信號。藉由選擇該輸入，可選擇新的濾波器係數來提供所需特定之濾波器類型及濾波器特性，以實行光譜控制帶通濾波器52之濾波。為了提供本濾波器及濾波器特性，選擇器152至162可個別選擇與光譜控制帶通濾波器52之濾波器類型及特性相關聯的濾波器係數(例如，a0 ( 1 ) 、b0 ( 1 ) 、a1 ( 1 ) 、b1 ( 1 ) 、a2 ( 1 ) 以及b2 ( 1 ) )。Referring back to Figure 5, a selector 128 is used to select a particular input of the configurable IIR filter 126, the coefficients used by the filter are selected to implement different types of filters, and specific filter characteristics are provided. For example, the coefficients can be selected to implement a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a band pass filter, or other similar type of filter used to encode or decode the BTSC audio signal. In this example, individual selectors 152, 154, 156, 160, and 162 are used to select each of the coefficients of the second order configurable IIR filter 126. For example, selector 152 takes "n" coefficients depending on filter type and filter characteristics (i.e., a 0 ( 0 ) , a 0 ( 1 ) , a 0 ( 2 ) . . . a 0 ( n ) ) The a 0 coefficient of the second-order filter is provided in the group. Similarly, selectors 154 through 162 also selectively implement the filter from a respective group of coefficient values. The configurable IIR filter 126 can be configured to provide encoding and decoding operations for the filter by providing the selectable coefficient values. Back to the previous example, if the selector 128 is placed in the selection position of the input 2 (i.e., the gain control input of the bandpass filter 60), the selector 162 to select the individual coefficients 152 (e.g., a 0 (0), b 0 ( 0 ) , a 1 ( 0 ) , b 1 ( 0 ) , b 2 ( 0 ) , a 2 ( 0 ) ), so that the IIR filter 126 can be configured to have an appropriate filter type characteristically implemented A bandpass filter is controlled for this gain. After filtering is completed, selector 128 can then be placed at a location where the signal present at input N is provided to configurable IIR filter 126. Still using the previous example, the input N of the selector 128 provides an input signal that is assigned to the spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52. By selecting this input, new filter coefficients can be selected to provide the particular filter type and filter characteristics desired to perform the filtering of the spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52. To provide the present filter and filter characteristics, selectors 152 through 162 can individually select filter coefficients associated with the filter type and characteristics of spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52 (e.g., a 0 ( 1 ) , b 0 ( 1 ) , a 1 ( 1 ) , b 1 ( 1 ) , a 2 ( 1 ), and b 2 ( 1 ) ).
本範例中，可配置之IIR濾波器126是一個二階濾波器，然而，某些編碼及/或解碼之濾波應用可要求至一較高階濾波器。為了提供較高階濾波器，本範例中，選擇器128之一輸入連接至IIR濾波器126之一輸出164來形成一回饋路徑。藉由將該IIR濾波器之輸出提供回至該輸入，濾波之輸出信號可使用該相同(或不同)之濾波器係數來多次通過該IIR濾波器。因此，信號可通過該二階IIR濾波器126超過一次來產生一較高階。本特定範例中，一導體166從可配置之IIR濾波器126之輸出164至選擇器128之輸入1來提供一回饋路徑。In this example, the configurable IIR filter 126 is a second order filter, however, some filtering and/or decoding filtering applications may require a higher order filter. To provide a higher order filter, in this example, one of the inputs of the selector 128 is coupled to an output 164 of the IIR filter 126 to form a feedback path. By providing the output of the IIR filter back to the input, the filtered output signal can pass through the IIR filter multiple times using the same (or different) filter coefficients. Therefore, the signal can be generated by the second-order IIR filter 126 more than once to produce a higher order. In this particular example, a conductor 166 provides a feedback path from the output 164 of the configurable IIR filter 126 to the input 1 of the selector 128.
電子及濾波設計業界熟知此技藝者皆知的不同技術及構件可用來實施選擇器128及選擇器152至162。例如，輸入線路(input lines)(亦即，輸入1、輸入2、...、輸入N)中，選擇器128可由一或多個多工器實施來選擇。多工器或其他類型之數位選擇裝置可實施為選擇器152至162其中之一或多個選擇器，以選擇適當之濾波器係數。不同係數值可用來配置IIR濾波器126。例如，併入本文以供參考、頒授予Hanna之美國專利編號第5,796,842號敘述之係數，可由可配置之IIR濾波器126使用。某些排列中，該濾波器係數儲存於一與BTSC編碼器或解碼器相關聯之記憶體(未顯示)中，並於適當時間由選擇器152至162擷取。例如，該係數可儲存於一與BTSC編碼器或解碼器相關聯之記憶體晶片(例如，隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、唯讀記憶體(ROM)、等等)，或其他類型之儲存裝置(例如，硬碟機、光碟片、等等)中。該係數亦可儲存於不同軟體結構中，諸如詢查表，或其他類似結構中。Different techniques and components well known to those skilled in the art are available for implementation of selector 128 and selectors 152-162. For example, in input lines (i.e., input 1, input 2, ..., input N), selector 128 may be selected by one or more multiplexer implementations. A multiplexer or other type of digit selection device can be implemented as one or more of selectors 152 through 162 to select an appropriate filter coefficient. Different coefficient values can be used to configure the IIR filter 126. For example, the coefficients described in U.S. Patent No. 5,796,842, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some permutations, the filter coefficients are stored in a memory (not shown) associated with the BTSC encoder or decoder and are retrieved by selectors 152 through 162 at appropriate times. For example, the coefficients can be stored in a memory chip (eg, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), etc.) associated with the BTSC encoder or decoder, or other type of storage. In a device (for example, a hard disk drive, a compact disc, etc.). The coefficients can also be stored in different software structures, such as inquiries, or other similar structures.
可配置之二階IIR濾波器126亦包括個別之加法裝置168、170、172、174以及176，伴隨著將該濾波器係數施加至信號值之乘法器178、180、182、184、186以及188，皆包括於可配置之IIR濾波器126中。電子電路及濾波器設計業界熟知此技藝者皆知的不同技術及/或構件，可用來實施包括於可配置之IIR濾波器126之加法裝置168至176以及乘法器178至188。例如，諸如一或多個“及”閘之邏輯閘可實施為每一個乘法器。為了導入對應延遲級138及144之時間延遲(顯示於圖6)，暫存器190及192於濾波處理期間，藉由儲存及保持適當數量之時脈週期的數位化輸入信號值來延遲。此外，另一暫存器194包括於可配置之IIR濾波器126來初始儲存輸入信號值。The configurable second order IIR filter 126 also includes individual summing devices 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176, along with multipliers 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, and 188 that apply the filter coefficients to the signal values. Both are included in the configurable IIR filter 126. Electronic circuits and filter designs are well known in the art for various techniques and/or components known to those skilled in the art, and can be used to implement adder devices 168-176 and multipliers 178-188 included in configurable IIR filter 126. For example, a logic gate such as one or more "and" gates can be implemented as each multiplier. To introduce the time delays associated with the delay stages 138 and 144 (shown in Figure 6), the registers 190 and 192 are delayed during the filtering process by storing and maintaining the digitized input signal values for the appropriate number of clock cycles. In addition, another register 194 is included in the configurable IIR filter 126 to initially store input signal values.
本範例中，可配置之IIR濾波器126是以硬體構件來實施，然而某些規劃中，該濾波器之一或多個操作部分可以軟體來實施。實行可配置之IIR濾波器126操作之示範碼列表呈現於附錄A。該示範碼係以Verilog語言撰寫，一般而言，其為電子設計者使用之硬體描述語言，用來於製造前描述及設計晶片及系統。該碼可儲存於一儲存裝置(例如，RAM、ROM、硬碟機、光碟片、等等)並從其擷取，而且可於一或多個通用處理器及/或特別處理器，諸如一專屬DSP上執行。In this example, the configurable IIR filter 126 is implemented as a hardware component, however in some programming one or more of the operational portions of the filter may be implemented in software. A list of exemplary codes for performing configurable IIR filter 126 operations is presented in Appendix A. The model code is written in the Verilog language and, in general, is a hardware description language used by electronic designers to describe and design wafers and systems prior to fabrication. The code can be stored in a storage device (eg, RAM, ROM, hard drive, optical disk, etc.) and retrieved therefrom, and can be in one or more general purpose processors and/or special processors, such as a Execution on a dedicated DSP.
參照圖7，其提供BTSC壓縮器30之方塊圖，其中以醒目標示之圖形部分係用來繪示可由一單一(或多重)可配置之IIR濾波器，諸如可配置之IIR濾波器126，實行之功能。特別是，由內插法及固定預強調級38實行之濾波可由可配置之IIR濾波器126來實行。例如，於內插法及固定預強調級38中，選擇器128之輸入1可連接至適當的濾波器輸入。相應地，當選擇該選擇器128之輸入1時，濾波器係數可從記憶體擷取並用來產生適當之濾波器類型及濾波器特性。同樣地，增益控制帶通濾波器60可指配至可配置之IIR濾波器126之選擇器128的輸入2，而光譜控制帶通濾波器52可指配至選擇器128之第三輸入。有限帶寬單元46可指配至選擇器128之第四輸入。對該些每一可選擇之輸入而言，相對之濾波器係數可儲存(例如，於記憶體)並由可配置之IIR濾波器126之選擇器152至162來擷取，然而，其他排列中，該壓縮器之較多或較少濾波操作可由該可配置之IIR濾波器來實行。Referring to Figure 7, a block diagram of a BTSC compressor 30 is provided in which the graphical portion shown in the awake target is used to illustrate that a single (or multiple) configurable IIR filter, such as a configurable IIR filter 126, can be implemented. The function. In particular, the filtering performed by the interpolation and fixed pre-emphasis stages 38 can be performed by the configurable IIR filter 126. For example, in the interpolation and fixed pre-emphasis stage 38, the input 1 of the selector 128 can be connected to an appropriate filter input. Accordingly, when input 1 of the selector 128 is selected, the filter coefficients can be extracted from the memory and used to generate the appropriate filter type and filter characteristics. Similarly, gain control bandpass filter 60 can be assigned to input 2 of selector 128 of configurable IIR filter 126, while spectrally controlled bandpass filter 52 can be assigned to the third input of selector 128. The limited bandwidth unit 46 can be assigned to the fourth input of the selector 128. For each of the selectable inputs, the relative filter coefficients can be stored (e.g., in memory) and retrieved by selectors 152 through 162 of configurable IIR filter 126, however, in other arrangements The more or less filtering operation of the compressor can be performed by the configurable IIR filter.
參照圖8，以醒目標示之BTSC擴充器86之部分來識別由一或多個可配置之IIR濾波器，諸如可配置之IIR濾波器126，實行之濾波操作。例如，與有限帶寬單元102相關聯之濾波可由可配置之IIR濾波器126來實行。特別是，選擇器128之輸入1可指配至有限帶寬單元102，藉以當選擇輸入1時，會擷取適當之濾波器係數並由IIR濾波器126使用。同樣地，於可配置之IIR濾波器126上強化與增益控制帶通濾波器104(指配至選擇器128之第二輸入)、光譜控制帶通濾波器112(指配至選擇器128之第三輸入)、以及固定之解強調單元124(指配至選擇器128之第四輸入)相關聯之濾波。Referring to Figure 8, the filtering operation performed by one or more configurable IIR filters, such as configurable IIR filter 126, is identified by a portion of the BTSC expander 86 shown. For example, the filtering associated with the limited bandwidth unit 102 can be performed by the configurable IIR filter 126. In particular, input 1 of selector 128 can be assigned to finite bandwidth unit 102 so that when input 1 is selected, appropriate filter coefficients are taken and used by IIR filter 126. Similarly, on the configurable IIR filter 126, the enhancement and gain control bandpass filter 104 (assigned to the second input of the selector 128) and the spectrally controlled bandpass filter 112 (assigned to the selector 128) Three inputs), and a fixed solution of the emphasis unit 124 (assigned to the fourth input of the selector 128).
儘管先前範例敘述使用具有BTSC編碼器及BTSC解碼器之可配置之IIR濾波器126，但符合電視音頻標準之編碼器及解碼器亦可實施該可配置之IIR濾波器。例如，用於歐洲、與接近即時的縮擴音頻多工(NICAM)相關聯之編碼器及/或解碼器，可併入諸如IIR濾波器126之一或多個可配置之IIR濾波器中。同樣地，實施該A2/Zweiton電視音頻標準(目前用於歐洲及亞洲部分)或該日本電子工業協會(EIA－J)標準之編碼器及解碼器，可併入一或多個可配置之IIR濾波器中。Although the previous example describes the use of a configurable IIR filter 126 having a BTSC encoder and a BTSC decoder, the configurable IIR filter can also be implemented by encoders and decoders that conform to the television audio standard. For example, an encoder and/or decoder associated with near-instantaneous condensed audio multiplex (NICAM) for Europe may be incorporated into one of the IIR filters 126 or a plurality of configurable IIR filters. Similarly, the encoder and decoder implementing the A2/Zweiton television audio standard (currently used in Europe and Asia) or the Japan Electronics Industry Association (EIA-J) standard can be incorporated into one or more configurable IIRs. In the filter.
儘管先前範例敘述使用可配置之IIR濾波器126來編碼及解碼從左、右音頻通道產生之差異信號，但該可配置之IIR濾波器可用來編碼及解碼其他音頻信號。例如，可配置之IIR濾波器126可用來編碼及/或解碼一SAP通道、一專業通道、一加總通道、或者是一或多個其他電視音頻通道之個別或組合類型。Although the previous example describes the use of a configurable IIR filter 126 to encode and decode the difference signals generated from the left and right audio channels, the configurable IIR filter can be used to encode and decode other audio signals. For example, the configurable IIR filter 126 can be used to encode and/or decode an SAP channel, a professional channel, a plus channel, or an individual or combination of one or more other television audio channels.
本案已敘述若干實施案例。不過，要了解仍可作各種不同的修改。因此，其他實施案例係於下列申請專利範圍之範疇中。A number of implementation cases have been described in this case. However, it is still possible to make various modifications. Therefore, other implementation cases are within the scope of the following patent application.
2．．．輸入2. . . Input
10．．．電視信號發送器10. . . Television signal transmitter
12,14,16,18,20．．．線路12,14,16,18,20. . . line
22．．．發送器twenty two. . . Transmitter
24．．．編碼器twenty four. . . Encoder
26,88．．．矩陣26,88. . . matrix
28．．．預強調單元28. . . Pre-emphasis unit
30,32．．．壓縮器30,32. . . compressor
34．．．音頻調變器級34. . . Audio modulator level
36,70．．．天線36,70. . . antenna
38．．．內插法及固定預強調級38. . . Interpolation and fixed pre-emphasis
40．．．除法器40. . . Divider
42．．．光譜壓縮單元42. . . Spectral compression unit
44．．．過度調變保護單元44. . . Overmodulation protection unit
46,102．．．有限帶寬單元46,102. . . Finite bandwidth unit
48,50．．．回饋路徑48,50. . . Feedback path
52,112．．．光譜控制帶通濾波器52,112. . . Spectral control bandpass filter
54,62,106,122,178,180,182,184,186,188．．．多工器54,62,106,122,178,180,182,184,186,188. . . Multiplexer
56,64,108,116．．．積分器56,64,108,116. . . Integrator
58,66．．．平方根58,66. . . Square root
60,104．．．增益控制帶通濾波器60,104. . . Gain control bandpass filter
68．．．電視接收器系統68. . . Television receiver system
72．．．接收器72. . . receiver
74．．．視頻處理系統74. . . Video processing system
76．．．解調器級76. . . Demodulator stage
78．．．BTSC解碼器78. . . BTSC decoder
80．．．SAP通道解碼器80. . . SAP channel decoder
82．．．專業通道解碼器82. . . Professional channel decoder
84．．．解強調單元84. . . Solution unit
86．．．BTSC擴充器86. . . BTSC expander
90．．．放大器級90. . . Amplifier stage
92．．．揚聲器92. . . speaker
96．．．信號路徑96. . . Signal path
98,100．．．路徑98,100. . . path
110,118．．．平方根裝置110,118. . . Square root device
114．．．平方裝置114. . . Square device
120．．．光譜擴充單元120. . . Spectral expansion unit
124．．．固定解強調單元124. . . Fixed solution unit
126,10．．．可配置無限脈衝響應濾波器126,10. . . Configurable infinite impulse response filter
128．．．輸入選擇器128. . . Input selector
130．．．z領域信號流程圖130. . . z domain signal flow chart
132．．．輸入節點132. . . Input node
134,136,140,142,146,148．．．增益級134, 136, 140, 142, 146, 148. . . Gain level
138,144．．．延遲級138,144. . . Delay level
150．．．輸出節點150. . . Output node
152,154,156,160,162．．．選擇器152,154,156,160,162. . . Selector
164．．．輸出164. . . Output
166．．．導體166. . . conductor
168,170,172,174,176．．．加法裝置168,170,172,174,176. . . Adding device
190,192,194．．．暫存器190,192,194. . . Register
圖1是一表示被配置來符合該BTSC電視音頻信號標準之電視信號傳輸系統的方塊圖。1 is a block diagram showing a television signal transmission system configured to conform to the BTSC television audio signal standard.
圖2是一表示包括於圖1所示之電視信號傳輸系統的BTSC編碼器之部分的方塊圖。Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a portion of a BTSC encoder included in the television signal transmission system shown in Figure 1.
圖3是一表示電視接收器系統之方塊圖，該系統配置來接收及解碼於圖1所示之電視信號傳輸系統傳送之BTSC電視音頻信號。3 is a block diagram showing a television receiver system configured to receive and decode BTSC television audio signals transmitted by the television signal transmission system of FIG. 1.
圖4是一表示包括於圖3所示之電視接收器系統的BTSC解碼器之部分的方塊圖。4 is a block diagram showing a portion of a BTSC decoder included in the television receiver system shown in FIG.
圖5是一具有可選擇輸入之可配置的二階無限脈衝響應濾波器的圖解示圖。Figure 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a configurable second order infinite impulse response filter with selectable inputs.
圖6是一圖5所示之二階無限脈衝響應濾波器的轉移功能之圖形表示法。Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the transfer function of the second order infinite impulse response filter shown in Figure 5.
圖7是一BTSC編碼器之部分的方塊圖，該編碼器強調可由圖5所示之可配置之二階無限脈衝響應濾波器實施的操作。7 is a block diagram of a portion of a BTSC encoder emphasizing operations that may be performed by a configurable second order infinite impulse response filter as shown in FIG.
圖8是一BTSC解碼器之部分的方塊圖，該解碼器強調可由圖5所示之可配置第二階無限脈衝響應濾波器實施的操作。Figure 8 is a block diagram of a portion of a BTSC decoder emphasizing operations that may be performed by the configurable second order infinite impulse response filter illustrated in Figure 5.
10．．．電視信號發送器10. . . Television signal transmitter
12,14,16,18,20．．．線路12,14,16,18,20. . . line
22．．．發送器twenty two. . . Transmitter
24．．．編碼器twenty four. . . Encoder
26．．．矩陣26. . . matrix
28．．．預強調單元28. . . Pre-emphasis unit
30,32．．．壓縮器30,32. . . compressor
34．．．音頻調變器級34. . . Audio modulator level
36．．．天線36. . . antenna
Claims (56)
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5796482A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-08-18 | Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku Co., Ltd. | Apparatus/method for optical measuring a physical amount of a specific component contained in a substance |
| US6259482B1 (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2001-07-10 | Matthew F. Easley | Digital BTSC compander system |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5796482A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-08-18 | Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku Co., Ltd. | Apparatus/method for optical measuring a physical amount of a specific component contained in a substance |
| US6259482B1 (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2001-07-10 | Matthew F. Easley | Digital BTSC compander system |
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