TWI404644B - Battery management system and method for controlling a vehicle - Google Patents

Battery management system and method for controlling a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI404644B
TWI404644B TW099131386A TW99131386A TWI404644B TW I404644 B TWI404644 B TW I404644B TW 099131386 A TW099131386 A TW 099131386A TW 99131386 A TW99131386 A TW 99131386A TW I404644 B TWI404644 B TW I404644B
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Taiwan
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battery
charging
voltage
battery pack
vehicle
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TW099131386A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201213178A (en
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Shaolan Wang
Wei Zhang
Ruichao Tang
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O2Micro Int Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A battery management system and a method for controlling a vehicle are provided. The battery management includes an electric motor, a charger, a battery pack and a bus. The electric motor drives the vehicle. The charger generates a charging power according to a control signal. The battery pack is coupled to the charger and the electric motor, and generates the control signal based upon a status of each cell of a plurality of cells in said battery pack, receives the charging power via a charging path when said electric vehicle is stalled, and powers the electric motor via a discharging path when said electric vehicle is started. The bus is coupled to the charger and the battery pack, and transmits the control signal from the battery pack to the charger.

Description

電池管理系統及控制車的方法Battery management system and method of controlling the same

本發明係有關一種電子系統，特別關於一種電池管理系統及控制車的方法。The present invention relates to an electronic system, and more particularly to a battery management system and method of controlling a vehicle.

圖1所示為一種傳統的電池充電電路100的示意圖。如圖1所示，電池充電電路100可由一適配器102、一脈衝寬度調變控制器108、一充電控制器110和一電池組104內的電池保護電路(圖中未示出)來實現。適配器102可輸出一固定電壓。充電器106(圖中所示為脈衝寬度調變控制器108和充電控制器110)可透過控制模組112中的一電源開關和一降壓轉換器以降低適配器102的輸出電壓，並將降低後的電壓傳輸給電池組104。因此，傳統的電池充電電路體積相對較大，且成本高。A schematic diagram of a conventional battery charging circuit 100 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the battery charging circuit 100 can be implemented by an adapter 102, a pulse width modulation controller 108, a charge controller 110, and a battery protection circuit (not shown) in a battery pack 104. The adapter 102 can output a fixed voltage. The charger 106 (shown as the pulse width modulation controller 108 and the charge controller 110) can pass through a power switch and a buck converter in the control module 112 to reduce the output voltage of the adapter 102 and will decrease The subsequent voltage is transmitted to the battery pack 104. Therefore, the conventional battery charging circuit is relatively large in volume and high in cost.

圖2所示為另一種傳統電池充電電路200的示意圖。電池充電電路200包括一可控適配器202和一外部控制晶片(如圖2中所示的充電控制器210)。外部控制晶片(充電控制器210)依據電池組204的電流/電壓來控制可控適配器202的輸出功率。如圖2所示，電池充電電路200也需要一額外的開關212來控制電池組204的充電電流。因此，這種電池充電電路也是體積大且成本高。2 is a schematic diagram of another conventional battery charging circuit 200. Battery charging circuit 200 includes a controllable adapter 202 and an external control chip (such as charge controller 210 shown in Figure 2). The external control chip (charge controller 210) controls the output power of the controllable adapter 202 in accordance with the current/voltage of the battery pack 204. As shown in FIG. 2, battery charging circuit 200 also requires an additional switch 212 to control the charging current of battery pack 204. Therefore, such a battery charging circuit is also bulky and costly.

在傳統的電池充電電路(例如電池充電電路100和電池充電電路200)中，由於電池失衡現象(例如，電池組內的電池單元之間可能有不同的電壓/容量)，在某些電池單元未被充滿的情況下，另外一些電池單元可能出現過充現象。儘管電池平衡電路可用來緩解這種電池不均勻問題，然而，只有在某一個電池單元接近滿充時，為了防止電池過熱現象，才會啟動這種電池平衡模式。由於平衡時間的有限性，導致電池平衡電路可能效率低。換言之，對所有這些電池單元的充電過程並不精確。In conventional battery charging circuits (eg, battery charging circuit 100 and battery charging circuit 200), due to battery imbalance (eg, there may be different voltages/capacities between battery cells within the battery pack), in some battery cells In the case of being filled, other battery units may be overcharged. Although the battery balancing circuit can be used to alleviate this battery non-uniformity problem, the battery balancing mode is activated only to prevent the battery from overheating when a certain battery unit is near full charge. Due to the limited balance time, the battery balancing circuit may be inefficient. In other words, the charging process for all of these battery cells is not accurate.

另外，電池組也可應用於一電動車中。電動車使用一個或多個電動發動機以產生動力。電動發動機可以吸收自電池組的電能，以驅動車輪或推進器。電動車通常裝有一電池充電電路，以傳送一傳統電源插口或一專用充電站的能量，進而對電池組進行充電。電動車中的電池組可包括一定數量電池單元的配置(例如，超過100個電池單元相互串聯)，因此，不同電池單元的線路耦接的複雜度亦隨之增加。In addition, the battery pack can also be applied to an electric vehicle. Electric vehicles use one or more electric motors to generate power. The electric motor can absorb power from the battery pack to drive the wheels or propellers. Electric vehicles are typically equipped with a battery charging circuit to transfer the energy of a conventional power outlet or a dedicated charging station to charge the battery pack. A battery pack in an electric vehicle may include a configuration of a certain number of battery cells (eg, more than 100 battery cells are connected in series), and thus, the complexity of line coupling of different battery cells is also increased.

本發明要解決的技術問題在於提供一種電池管理系統及控制車的方法，以延長電池的壽命並提高電池管理系統的能量效率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a battery management system and a method of controlling the vehicle to extend the life of the battery and improve the energy efficiency of the battery management system.

為解決上述技術問題，本發明提供一種電池管理系統，包括：一發動機，驅動一車；一充電器，依據一控制信號產生一充電電能；一電池組，與該充電器及該發動機耦接，依據該電池組中的多個電池單元中的每個電池單元的一狀態產生該控制信號，其中，當該車熄火時，則該電池組透過一充電路徑接收該充電電能，當該車啟動時，該電池組透過一放電路徑對該發動機供電；以及一匯流排，與該充電器和該電池組耦接，以將該控制信號從該電池組傳送至該充電器。In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a battery management system comprising: an engine driving a vehicle; a charger generating a charging electrical energy according to a control signal; a battery pack coupled to the charger and the engine, The control signal is generated according to a state of each of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack, wherein when the vehicle is turned off, the battery pack receives the charging power through a charging path when the vehicle is started The battery pack supplies power to the engine through a discharge path; and a bus bar coupled to the charger and the battery pack to transmit the control signal from the battery pack to the charger.

另外，本發明提供一種控制車的方法，包括：依據一電池組中的多個電池單元中的每個電池單元的一狀態產生一控制信號；當該車熄火時，由一充電器依據該控制信號產生一充電電能，以對該電池組充電；當該車啟動時，該電池組對該車中的一發動機供電；以及透過該車中的一匯流排將該控制信號從該電池組傳送至該充電器。In addition, the present invention provides a method of controlling a vehicle, comprising: generating a control signal according to a state of each of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack; when the vehicle is turned off, a charger is in accordance with the control The signal generates a charging electrical energy to charge the battery pack; when the vehicle is activated, the battery pack supplies power to an engine in the vehicle; and transmits the control signal from the battery pack to the busbar through the busbar in the vehicle The charger.

與現有技術相比，本發明的電池管理系統及控制車的方法實現了依據每個電池單元的狀態選擇不同的充電模式。因此，所有的電池單元都可以充滿電，以防止不良狀態的發生，進而可以延長電池的壽命，並提高了電池管理系統的能量效率。Compared with the prior art, the battery management system and the method of controlling the vehicle of the present invention realize different charging modes according to the state of each battery unit. Therefore, all of the battery cells can be fully charged to prevent a bad condition, which can extend the life of the battery and improve the energy efficiency of the battery management system.

以下結合附圖和具體實施例對本發明的技術方案進行詳細的說明，以使本發明的特性和優點更為明顯。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to make the features and advantages of the present invention more obvious.

以下將對本發明的實施例給出詳細的說明。雖然本發明將結合實施例進行闡述，但應理解這並非意指將本發明限定於這些實施例。相反地，本發明意在涵蓋由後附申請專利範圍所界定的本發明精神和範圍內所定義的各種變化、修改和均等物。A detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given below. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the embodiments, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Rather, the invention is to cover various modifications, equivalents, and equivalents of the invention as defined by the scope of the appended claims.

另外，為了更好的說明本發明，在下文的具體實施方式中給出了眾多的具體細節。本領域技術人員將理解，沒有這些具體細節，本發明同樣可以實施。在另外一些實例中，對於大家熟知的方法、流程、元件和電路未作詳細描述，以便於凸顯本發明的主旨。In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in the Detailed Description of the invention in the Detailed Description. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail in order to facilitate the invention.

圖3所示為本發明一實施例的電池管理系統300的示意圖。電池管理系統300包括一適配器302(例如一可控適配器)，以對電池組304充電，電池組304包括多個電池單元310_1~310_n。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system 300 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The battery management system 300 includes an adapter 302 (e.g., a controllable adapter) to charge the battery pack 304, and the battery pack 304 includes a plurality of battery cells 310_1~310_n.

在一實施例中，一控制電路320，可監控電池組304，並產生控制適配器302的輸出功率的一控制信號350，以啟動多種充電模式。更具體地說，控制電路320可依據電池組304中的每個電池單元310_1~310_n的狀態(例如，電池電壓、電池電流、電池溫度和/或電池容量)產生控制信號350。在一實施例中，與控制電路320耦接的適配器302可透過一充電開關306對電池組304充電，且適配器302可透過一放電開關308對電池組304放電。優點在於，適配器302的一輸出端340的輸出功率可以透過控制信號350而被調整。In one embodiment, a control circuit 320 can monitor the battery pack 304 and generate a control signal 350 that controls the output power of the adapter 302 to initiate a plurality of charging modes. More specifically, control circuit 320 may generate control signal 350 depending on the state of each of battery cells 310_1~310_n in battery pack 304 (eg, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, and/or battery capacity). In one embodiment, the adapter 302 coupled to the control circuit 320 can charge the battery pack 304 through a charging switch 306, and the adapter 302 can discharge the battery pack 304 through a discharge switch 308. Advantageously, the output power of an output 340 of the adapter 302 can be adjusted by the control signal 350.

在一實施例中，控制電路320被整合到電池組304內。因此，電池組304可依據每個電池單元的狀態直接控制適配器302的輸出端340。因此，外部控制晶片(例如，充電控制器)和外部電源開關可被省去。In an embodiment, control circuit 320 is integrated into battery pack 304. Thus, battery pack 304 can directly control output 340 of adapter 302 depending on the state of each battery unit. Therefore, an external control chip (for example, a charge controller) and an external power switch can be omitted.

在一實施例中，控制電路320可以啟動多種充電模式。這些充電模式包括但不限於一標準定電流充電模式CCn(n=0)、一微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max，其中，max是數字n的預設最大值，數字n則代表各種不同的定電流充電模式的數目)、標準定電壓充電模式CVm(m=0)、微量定電壓充電模式CVm(m=1,2,...,max’,其中max’是數字m的預設最大值，數字m則代表各種不同的定電壓充電模式的數目)以及充電終止模式。在一實施例中，當出現電池失衡現象時，則微量定電流充電模式或者微量定電壓充電模式可以被啟動。在另一實施例中，當出現任何異常現象或錯誤時，或者當所有的電池單元都被充滿時，充電終止模式可以被啟動。In an embodiment, control circuit 320 can initiate a plurality of charging modes. These charging modes include, but are not limited to, a standard constant current charging mode CCn (n = 0), a small constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max, where max is the preset maximum of the number n Value, the number n represents the number of different constant current charging modes), the standard constant voltage charging mode CVm (m = 0), the micro constant voltage charging mode CVm (m = 1, 2, ..., max', where Max' is the preset maximum value of the number m, the number m represents the number of different constant voltage charging modes) and the charge termination mode. In an embodiment, when a battery imbalance occurs, a micro constant current charging mode or a micro constant voltage charging mode may be activated. In another embodiment, the charge termination mode can be initiated when any anomalies or errors occur, or when all of the battery cells are fully charged.

優點在於，在一實施例中，當控制信號350控制適配器302在其輸出端340提供一定充電電流I0時，可啟動標準定電流充電模式CC0。因此，電池組304由此定充電電流I0進行充電。在另一實施例中，當控制信號350控制適配器302在其輸出端340提供微量定充電電流In(n=1,2,...,max)時，微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)可被啟動。因此，電池組304由該微量定充電電流In(n=1,2,...,max)進行充電。在一實施例中，I0>I1>I2>...>Imax。Advantageously, in an embodiment, when control signal 350 controls adapter 302 to provide a certain charging current I0 at its output 340, standard constant current charging mode CC0 can be initiated. Therefore, the battery pack 304 is charged by the charging current I0. In another embodiment, when the control signal 350 controls the adapter 302 to provide a small amount of constant charging current In (n = 1, 2, ..., max) at its output 340, the micro-regulated charging mode CCn (n = 1) , 2, ..., max) can be started. Therefore, the battery pack 304 is charged by the minute constant charging current In (n = 1, 2, ..., max). In an embodiment, I0>I1>I2>...>Imax.

同理，在一實施例中，當控制信號350控制適配器302在其輸出端340提供一定充電電壓V0時，則標準定電壓充電模式CV0可被啟動。因此，電池組304由此定充電電壓V0進行充電。在另一實施例中，當控制信號350控制適配器302在其輸出端340提供微量定充電電壓Vm(m=1,2,...,max’)時，一微量定電壓充電模式CVm(m=1,2,...,max’)可被啟動。此時，電池組304由微量定充電電壓Vm(m=1,2,...,max’)進行充電。在一實施例中，V0>V1>V2>...>Vmax’。Similarly, in one embodiment, when control signal 350 controls adapter 302 to provide a certain charging voltage V0 at its output 340, then standard constant voltage charging mode CV0 can be enabled. Therefore, the battery pack 304 is charged by the charging voltage V0. In another embodiment, when the control signal 350 controls the adapter 302 to provide a small fixed charging voltage Vm (m = 1, 2, ..., max') at its output 340, a micro-regulated charging mode CVm (m) =1, 2, ..., max') can be started. At this time, the battery pack 304 is charged by a minute constant charging voltage Vm (m = 1, 2, ..., max'). In an embodiment, V0 > V1 > V2 > ... > Vmax'.

優點在於，透過依據每個電池單元的狀態來啟動不同的充電模式(CC0,CC1,...CCmax,和CV0,CV1,...,CVmax’)，電池組304中所有電池單元可以被充滿，並且可以避免異常現象的出現進而延長了其電池壽命。The advantage is that all battery cells in the battery pack 304 can be filled by starting different charging modes (CC0, CC1, ... CCmax, and CV0, CV1, ..., CVmax') depending on the state of each battery cell. And can avoid the occurrence of anomalies and thus extend their battery life.

如前所述，在一實施例中，電池組304內的控制電路320可監控每個電池單元的狀態，並且控制適配器302的輸出功率，以啟動多種充電模式(CC0,CC1,...,CCmax和CV0,CV1,...,CVmax’)。在另一實施例中，控制電路也可設置在電池組304的外部，以監控電池組304的狀態(例如，電池組電壓和電池組電流)，並產生控制信號以啟動多種充電模式(CC0,CC1,...,CCmax,和CV0,CV1,...,CVmax’)。As previously mentioned, in one embodiment, control circuitry 320 within battery pack 304 can monitor the status of each battery cell and control the output power of adapter 302 to initiate multiple charging modes (CC0, CC1, ..., CCmax and CV0, CV1, ..., CVmax'). In another embodiment, a control circuit can also be disposed external to the battery pack 304 to monitor the state of the battery pack 304 (eg, battery pack voltage and battery pack current) and generate control signals to initiate multiple charge modes (CC0, CC1,...,CCmax, and CV0, CV1,...,CVmax').

圖4所示為本發明另一實施例的電池管理系統400的示意圖。在圖4與圖3中標記相同的元件具有相似的功能，為了簡明起見，在此將不對這些元件進行詳細描述。在圖4的例子中，電池組304包括三個電池單元：電池單元310_1、310_2、310_3。4 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system 400 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Elements labeled the same in Figures 4 and 3 have similar functions, and for the sake of brevity, these elements will not be described in detail herein. In the example of FIG. 4, the battery pack 304 includes three battery cells: battery cells 310_1, 310_2, 310_3.

圖4中，一個監控電路424(例如，狀態測量電路)被設置以監控每個電池單元310_1~310_3的狀態(例如，電池電壓、電池電流、電池溫度以及電池容量)，並且避免任何一個電池單元310_1~310_3出現異常現象(例如，過電壓、過電流、電池過溫以及/或電池過充)。在一實施例中，監控電路424監控每個電池單元310_1~310_3，並產生代表電池單元310_1~310_3狀態的監測信號。In FIG. 4, a monitoring circuit 424 (eg, a state measuring circuit) is provided to monitor the state of each of the battery cells 310_1~310_3 (eg, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, and battery capacity), and avoid any one of the battery cells. Abnormalities occur in 310_1~310_3 (eg, overvoltage, overcurrent, battery overtemperature, and/or battery overcharge). In one embodiment, the monitoring circuit 424 monitors each of the battery cells 310_1~310_3 and generates a monitoring signal representative of the state of the battery cells 310_1~310_3.

舉例來說，監控電路424監測電池單元310_1~310_3的電壓，並且產生分別代表電池單元310_1~310_3的電池電壓的監測信號490_1~490_3。在一實施例中，由於所有電池單元310_1~310_3具有相同的電流，監控電路424可透過感應電阻470監測電池電流，並且產生代表該電池電流的監測信號492。在另一實施例中，監控電路424也可透過溫度感測器472來監控電池溫度，並且產生代表這個電池溫度的監測信號494。在一實施例中，監控電路424可監測電池單元310_1~310_3的電池容量，並且產生分別代表電池單元310_1~310_3的電池容量的監測信號(圖中未示出)。For example, the monitoring circuit 424 monitors the voltages of the battery cells 310_1~310_3 and generates monitoring signals 490_1~490_3 representing the battery voltages of the battery cells 310_1~310_3, respectively. In one embodiment, since all of the battery cells 310_1~310_3 have the same current, the monitoring circuit 424 can monitor the battery current through the sense resistor 470 and generate a monitor signal 492 representative of the battery current. In another embodiment, the monitoring circuit 424 can also monitor the battery temperature through the temperature sensor 472 and generate a monitoring signal 494 representative of the battery temperature. In an embodiment, the monitoring circuit 424 can monitor the battery capacity of the battery cells 310_1~310_3 and generate monitoring signals (not shown) representing the battery capacities of the battery cells 310_1~310_3, respectively.

優點在於，在一實施例中，一指令轉換器426可與監控電路424耦接，以依據監測信號490_1~490_3、492和494產生一個控制信號350。更具體地說，整合到電池組304中的指令轉換器426可基於每個電池單元狀態產生控制適配器302的輸出功率的控制信號350。相應地，在一實施例中，可以依據電池單元的狀態啟動不同的充電模式。在另一實施例中，指令轉換器426也可設置在電池組304的外部。在一實施例中，指令轉換器426可以透過耦接在指令轉換器426與電池組304之間的串列匯流排來接收監測信號490_1~490_3、492和494。例如，單線匯流排或者二線式匯流排(例如，系統管理匯流排、內部積體電路匯流排等)。Advantageously, in an embodiment, an instruction converter 426 can be coupled to the monitoring circuit 424 to generate a control signal 350 based on the monitoring signals 490_1~490_3, 492, and 494. More specifically, the command converter 426 integrated into the battery pack 304 can generate a control signal 350 that controls the output power of the adapter 302 based on each battery unit state. Accordingly, in an embodiment, different charging modes can be initiated depending on the state of the battery unit. In another embodiment, the command converter 426 can also be disposed external to the battery pack 304. In an embodiment, the command converter 426 can receive the monitoring signals 490_1 490 490_3, 492, and 494 through a serial bus bar coupled between the command converter 426 and the battery pack 304. For example, a single-line bus or a two-wire bus (for example, a system management bus, an internal integrated circuit bus, etc.).

在一實施例中，指令轉換器426可由處理器(例如，微處理器)或者狀態機來實現。在另一實施例中，指令轉換器426可以啟動但不限於標準定電流充電模式CCn(n=0)、微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)、標準定電壓充電模式CVm(m=0)、微量定電壓充電模式(m=1,2,...,max’)以及充電終止模式。In an embodiment, the instruction converter 426 can be implemented by a processor (eg, a microprocessor) or a state machine. In another embodiment, the command converter 426 can be activated but not limited to the standard constant current charging mode CCn (n = 0), the micro constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max), standard setting Voltage charging mode CVm (m = 0), micro-voltage charging mode (m = 1, 2, ..., max') and charging termination mode.

在一實施例中，控制信號350是類比控制信號。該類比控制信號350可控制由脈衝寬度調變信號產生器480所產生的脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期。在一實施例中，脈衝寬度調變信號產生器480可設置在適配器302中。透過調整該脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期，適配器302的輸出端340的輸出功率可相應的得到調整。換言之，可以透過控制適配器302內部產生的脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期來啟動不同的充電模式。例如，如果需要依據電池單元的狀態來啟動標準定電流充電模式(CC0)，類比控制信號將調整該脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期，進而使適配器302輸出定電流I0。In an embodiment, control signal 350 is an analog control signal. The analog control signal 350 controls the duty cycle of the pulse width modulated signal produced by the pulse width modulation signal generator 480. In an embodiment, the pulse width modulation signal generator 480 can be disposed in the adapter 302. By adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal, the output power of the output 340 of the adapter 302 can be adjusted accordingly. In other words, different charging modes can be initiated by controlling the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal generated internally by the adapter 302. For example, if it is necessary to activate the standard constant current charging mode (CC0) according to the state of the battery unit, the analog control signal will adjust the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal, thereby causing the adapter 302 to output the constant current I0.

在另一實施例中，控制信號350是數位控制信號。適配器302中設置有一解碼器(圖中未示出)，這個解碼器將數位控制信號轉化為類比控制信號，以控制適配器302內部產生的脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期。In another embodiment, control signal 350 is a digital control signal. A decoder (not shown) is provided in the adapter 302. This decoder converts the digital control signal into an analog control signal to control the duty cycle of the pulse width modulated signal generated internally by the adapter 302.

在一實施例中，指令轉換器426進一步地控制電池組304內的充電開關430和放電開關432。在一實施例中，當充電開關430斷開時，電池充電過程將被終止。在一實施例中，當電池組304對系統負載(圖中未示出)供電時，則放電開關432將被接通。In an embodiment, the command converter 426 further controls the charge switch 430 and the discharge switch 432 within the battery pack 304. In an embodiment, when the charging switch 430 is turned off, the battery charging process will be terminated. In an embodiment, when battery pack 304 supplies power to a system load (not shown), then discharge switch 432 will be turned "on".

在一實施例中，為了改善電池單元310_1~310_3的性能，電池組304更包括平衡電池單元310_1~310_3的電池平衡電路428。電池平衡電路428可設置在監控電路424的內部，也可設置在監控電路424的外部。在一實施例中，為了減少流經失衡電池單元的電流，電池平衡電路428可在失衡電池單元上分流出一個漏電流(旁路電流)。如圖4中的電池平衡電路428所示，當開關410_1接通時，電池單元310_1可被分流出一個漏電流。當開關410_2接通時，電池單元310_2可被分流出一個漏電流。當開關410_3接通時，電池單元310_3可被分流出一個漏電流。開關410_1~410_3可由監控電路424或者指令轉換器426控制。因此，電池平衡電路428可由監控電路424或者指令轉換器426所控制。In an embodiment, in order to improve the performance of the battery cells 310_1~310_3, the battery pack 304 further includes a battery balancing circuit 428 that balances the battery cells 310_1~310_3. The battery balancing circuit 428 can be disposed internal to the monitoring circuit 424 or external to the monitoring circuit 424. In one embodiment, to reduce current flow through the unbalanced battery cells, battery balancing circuit 428 can tap a leakage current (bypass current) on the unbalanced battery cells. As shown in the battery balancing circuit 428 of FIG. 4, when the switch 410_1 is turned on, the battery unit 310_1 can be divided into a leakage current. When the switch 410_2 is turned on, the battery unit 310_2 can be divided into a leakage current. When the switch 410_3 is turned on, the battery unit 310_3 can be divided into a leakage current. The switches 410_1~410_3 can be controlled by the monitoring circuit 424 or the command converter 426. Thus, battery balancing circuit 428 can be controlled by monitoring circuit 424 or command converter 426.

電池失衡現象包括但不限於以下幾種。在一實施例中，當某個電池單元的電池電壓與其他電池單元的電池電壓存在電壓偏差，並且該電壓偏差超過預設值ΔV時，則該電池單元處於失衡狀態。在另一實施例中，當某個電池單元的電池電壓超過一個預設的閾值電壓Vbalance 時，則該電池單元處於失衡狀態。在另一實施例中，當某個電池單元的電壓變化率dV/dt(電池單元電壓對時間的微分)超過一個預設的電壓變化率(dV/dt)th 時，則該電池單元處於失衡狀態。在另一實施例中，當某個電池單元的電池容量與其他電池單元的電池容量存在容量偏差，並且該容量偏差超過一個預設的容量偏差ΔC，則該電池單元處於失衡狀態。Battery imbalances include, but are not limited to, the following. In an embodiment, when there is a voltage deviation between the battery voltage of one of the battery cells and the battery voltage of the other battery cells, and the voltage deviation exceeds the preset value ΔV, the battery cell is in an unbalanced state. In another embodiment, when the battery voltage of a battery unit exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage Vbalance , the battery unit is in an unbalanced state. In another embodiment, when the voltage change rate dV/dt (differentiation of the cell voltage to time) of a certain battery cell exceeds a preset voltage change rate (dV/dt) th , the battery cell is in an imbalance status. In another embodiment, when the battery capacity of a certain battery unit has a capacity deviation from the battery capacity of the other battery unit, and the capacity deviation exceeds a predetermined capacity deviation ΔC, the battery unit is in an unbalanced state.

優點在於，如前所述，當電池失衡現象發生時，適配器302可輸出較小的充電電流(微量定電流充電模式)對電池組304充電。因此，為了將所有電池單元充滿，電池平衡電路428需要更長的時間執行電池平衡(透過啟動漏電流)。Advantageously, as previously discussed, when battery imbalance occurs, the adapter 302 can output a smaller charging current (micro-regulated charging mode) to charge the battery pack 304. Therefore, in order to fully charge all of the battery cells, the battery balancing circuit 428 takes longer to perform battery balancing (through startup leakage current).

圖5所示為依據本發明實施例的電池管理系統執行的方法流程圖500。在一實施例中，可對指令轉換器426進行配置，以使圖4中的電池管理系統以流程圖500的模式實現。更具體地說，在一實施例中，流程圖500闡明了指令轉換器426如何透過不同的電池單元的狀態來啟動不同的充電模式。以下將結合圖3和圖4對圖5進行描述。5 is a flow chart 500 of a method performed by a battery management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment, the command converter 426 can be configured such that the battery management system of FIG. 4 is implemented in the pattern of the flowchart 500. More specifically, in one embodiment, flowchart 500 illustrates how command converter 426 initiates different charging modes through the state of different battery cells. FIG. 5 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

在圖5給出的例子中，在一實施例中，電池管理系統首先以標準定電流充電模式CC0對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，如果出現任一種電池失衡現象，電池管理系統則以微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，如果電池組304的最高電池電壓(例如，若電池單元310_1的電池電壓為3.8V，電池單元310_2的電池電壓為3.9V，電池單元310_3的電池電壓為4.05V，那麼該電池組中的最高電池電壓為4.05V)大於一個預設電壓V1(例如，鋰電池單元的3.9V)，電池管理系統將執行失衡檢查，看是否出現電池失衡情況。在一實施例中，當檢查出電池失衡現象時，該電池管理系統不僅透過電池平衡電路428為失衡的電池單元分流出漏電流，也對電池組304的充電電流進行調整(例如，減少充電電流)。如果電池組304的平均電池電壓大於一個預設電壓V2(例如，鋰離子電池的4.2V)，該電池管理系統則以定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，電池管理系統可執行保護檢查。In the example given in FIG. 5, in one embodiment, the battery management system first charges battery pack 304 in a standard constant current charging mode CC0. In one embodiment, if any of the battery imbalances occur, the battery management system charges the battery pack 304 in a small constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max). In an embodiment, if the highest battery voltage of the battery pack 304 (for example, if the battery voltage of the battery unit 310_1 is 3.8V, the battery voltage of the battery unit 310_2 is 3.9V, and the battery voltage of the battery unit 310_3 is 4.05V, then The highest battery voltage in the battery pack is 4.05V) greater than a preset voltage V1 (for example, 3.9V for a lithium battery unit), and the battery management system will perform an imbalance check to see if there is a battery imbalance. In an embodiment, when the battery imbalance phenomenon is detected, the battery management system not only distributes the leakage current through the battery balancing circuit 428 for the unbalanced battery unit, but also adjusts the charging current of the battery unit 304 (for example, reducing the charging current). ). If the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than a predetermined voltage V2 (eg, 4.2V of a lithium ion battery), the battery management system charges the battery pack 304 in a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). . In an embodiment, the battery management system can perform a protection check.

在步驟502中，電池管理系統開始對電池組304充電，並且將象徵不同定電流充電模式的數字n初始化為0。In step 502, the battery management system begins charging battery pack 304 and initializes the number n, which symbolizes different constant current charging modes, to zero.

在步驟504中，定電流充電模式CCn由控制信號350啟動。例如，當數字n設為0時，標準定電流充電模式CC0將被啟動。當數字n為1到max之間時，微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)將被啟動。In step 504, the constant current charging mode CCn is initiated by control signal 350. For example, when the number n is set to 0, the standard constant current charging mode CC0 will be activated. When the number n is between 1 and max, the micro constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max) will be activated.

在步驟506中，執行保護檢查，例如，指令轉換器426接收來自監控電路424的監測信號，以確定是否出現異常現象(例如，過電壓、過電流、電池過溫以及/或電池過充)。如果出現任何異常現象，流程將轉到步驟530，以終止對電池充電(啟動充電終止模式)。因此，指令轉換器426將斷開充電開關430以終止對電池充電。如果無異常現象出現，該流程將轉到步驟508。In step 506, a protection check is performed, for example, command converter 426 receives a monitoring signal from monitoring circuit 424 to determine if an abnormality has occurred (eg, overvoltage, overcurrent, battery overtemperature, and/or battery overcharge). If any anomalies occur, the flow will proceed to step 530 to terminate charging of the battery (starting the charge termination mode). Therefore, the command converter 426 will turn off the charge switch 430 to terminate charging the battery. If no anomalies occur, the flow will proceed to step 508.

在步驟508中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的平均電池電壓與預設電壓V2(例如，鋰離子電池的的4.2V)進行比較，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。在一實施例中，如果電池組304的平均電池電壓大於預設電壓V2，換言之可以透過定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對電池組304充電，那麼該流程將轉到步驟524。而如果電池組304的平均電池電壓小於預設電壓V2，換言之可以透過標準定電流充電模式/微量定電流充電模式對電池組304充電，流程將轉到步驟510。In step 508, the command controller 426 can be used to compare the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 with a preset voltage V2 (eg, 4.2V of a lithium ion battery) to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard Constant voltage charging mode CV0). In an embodiment, if the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than the preset voltage V2, in other words, the battery pack 304 can be charged through the constant voltage charging mode (eg, the standard constant voltage charging mode CV0), then the flow proceeds to the step. 524. And if the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is less than the preset voltage V2, in other words, the battery pack 304 can be charged through the standard constant current charging mode/micro constant current charging mode, the flow proceeds to step 510.

在步驟510中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的最高電池電壓與預設電壓V1(例如，鋰離子電池的3.9V)進行比較，預設電壓V1確定是否執行電池失衡檢查。在一實施例中，如果該最高電池電壓大於預設電壓V1，將執行電池失衡檢查，流程將轉到步驟512。如果最高電池電壓小於預設電壓V1，流程將返回到步驟504。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟504以及其後續步驟進行的描述在此省略。步驟進行的描述在此省略。In step 510, the highest battery voltage of the battery pack 304 can be compared to a preset voltage V1 (eg, 3.9V of a lithium ion battery) using the command controller 426, which determines whether to perform a battery imbalance check. In an embodiment, if the highest battery voltage is greater than the preset voltage V1, a battery imbalance check will be performed and the flow will proceed to step 512. If the highest battery voltage is less than the preset voltage V1, the flow will return to step 504. For the sake of brevity, the description of step 504 and its subsequent steps has been omitted herein. The description of the steps is omitted here.

在步驟512中，執行失衡檢查。如果無異常現象，流程將返回到步驟504。如果檢查出任何異常現象，為失衡的電池單元啟動漏電流(此步驟未被顯示在流程圖500中)，流程轉到步驟514。In step 512, an imbalance check is performed. If there are no anomalies, the flow will return to step 504. If any anomalies are detected, leakage current is initiated for the unbalanced battery unit (this step is not shown in flowchart 500), and the flow proceeds to step 514.

在步驟514中，啟動計時器。在步驟516中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的平均電池電壓與一個預設電壓V2進行比較(類似於步驟508)，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。在一實施例中，如果電池組304的平均電池電壓大於預設電壓V2，換言之可以透過定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對電池組304充電，流程轉到步驟524。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟524以及其後續步驟進行的描述在此省略。返回至步驟516，而如果電池組304的平均電池電壓小於預設電壓V2，換言之仍可以透過標準定電流充電模式/微量定電流充電模式對電池組304充電，流程將轉到步驟518。In step 514, a timer is started. In step 516, the command controller 426 can be used to compare the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 with a predetermined voltage V2 (similar to step 508) to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (eg, a standard constant voltage charging mode). CV0). In an embodiment, if the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than the preset voltage V2, in other words, the battery pack 304 can be charged through the constant voltage charging mode (eg, the standard constant voltage charging mode CV0), the flow proceeds to step 524. For the sake of brevity, the description of step 524 and its subsequent steps has been omitted here. Returning to step 516, if the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is less than the preset voltage V2, in other words, the battery pack 304 can still be charged through the standard constant current charging mode/micro constant current charging mode, the flow proceeds to step 518.

在步驟518中，如果計時器超時(例如，該計時器運行超過一個預設時間)，流程轉到步驟520。如果該計時器未超時，流程返回到步驟516。In step 518, if the timer expires (eg, the timer runs for more than a predetermined time), the flow proceeds to step 520. If the timer has not timed out, the flow returns to step 516.

在步驟520中，可以利用指令控制器426將數字n與預設最大值max進行比較。如果數字n等於預設最大值max，流程返回到步驟504，繼續運行微量定電流充電模式CCmax。否則，流程將轉到步驟522。In step 520, the command controller 426 can be utilized to compare the number n with a preset maximum value max. If the number n is equal to the preset maximum value max, the flow returns to step 504 to continue running the micro constant current charging mode CCmax. Otherwise, the flow will proceed to step 522.

在步驟522中，數字n加1，然後流程返回到步驟504中。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟504以及其後續步驟進行的描述在此省略。In step 522, the number n is incremented by one and the flow returns to step 504. For the sake of brevity, the description of step 504 and its subsequent steps has been omitted herein.

在步驟524中，定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)由控制信號350啟動。In step 524, a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0) is initiated by control signal 350.

在步驟526中，執行保護檢查(類似於步驟506)。如果出現任何異常現象，該流程將轉到步驟530。否則，該流程將轉到步驟528。In step 526, a protection check is performed (similar to step 506). If any anomalies occur, the process will proceed to step 530. Otherwise, the flow will proceed to step 528.

在步驟528中，如果電池組304中的所有電池單元都被充滿，該流程將轉到步驟530。否則，流程返回到步驟524，繼續以定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，指令轉換器426接收來自監控電路424的監測信號，以確定所有的電池單元是否被充滿。In step 528, if all of the battery cells in battery pack 304 are full, the flow will proceed to step 530. Otherwise, the flow returns to step 524 to continue charging the battery pack 304 in a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). In an embodiment, the command converter 426 receives the monitoring signal from the monitoring circuit 424 to determine if all of the battery cells are full.

在步驟530中，以終止對電池充電(啟動充電終止模式)。In step 530, the battery is terminated (starting the charge termination mode).

圖6所示為依據本發明另一實施例的電池管理系統執行的方法流程圖600。在一實施例中，可對指令轉換器426進行配置，進而使圖4中的電池管理系統以流程圖600的方式實現。以下將結合圖3和圖4對圖6進行描述。6 is a flow chart 600 of a method performed by a battery management system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment, the command converter 426 can be configured to cause the battery management system of FIG. 4 to be implemented in the manner of flowchart 600. FIG. 6 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

在圖6給出的例子中，在一實施例中，電池管理系統首先以標準定電流充電模式CC0對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，如果出現電池失衡現象，電池管理系統以微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，如果電池組304的平均電池電壓大於預設電壓V2(例如，鋰離子電池的4.2V)，電池管理系統以定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，如果電池組304的最高電池電壓大於預設電壓V3(例如，鋰離子電池的4.3V)，並且電池組304的平均電池電壓小於預設電壓V2，電池管理系統將定電流充電模式CCn改為定電流充電模式CCn+1，進而減少對電池組304的充電電流以啟動對電池組304的過壓保護。在一實施例中，電池管理系統也可執行保護檢查。In the example given in FIG. 6, in one embodiment, the battery management system first charges battery pack 304 in standard constant current charging mode CC0. In one embodiment, if a battery imbalance occurs, the battery management system charges the battery pack 304 in a small constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max). In an embodiment, if the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than the preset voltage V2 (eg, 4.2V of the lithium ion battery), the battery management system operates the battery in a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). Group 304 is charged. In an embodiment, if the highest battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than the preset voltage V3 (eg, 4.3V of the lithium ion battery), and the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is less than the preset voltage V2, the battery management system will determine the current. The charging mode CCn is changed to the constant current charging mode CCn+1, thereby reducing the charging current to the battery pack 304 to initiate overvoltage protection of the battery pack 304. In an embodiment, the battery management system can also perform a protection check.

在步驟602中，電池管理系統開始對電池組304充電，並且將表示不同定電流充電模式的數字n初始化為0。In step 602, the battery management system begins charging battery pack 304 and initializes the number n representing the different constant current charging modes to zero.

在步驟604中，定電流充電模式CCn由控制信號350啟動。例如，當數字n被設為0時，啟動標準定電流充電模式CC0。當數字n為1到max之間的一個數時，啟動微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)。In step 604, the constant current charging mode CCn is initiated by control signal 350. For example, when the number n is set to 0, the standard constant current charging mode CC0 is activated. When the number n is a number between 1 and max, the micro constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max) is started.

在步驟606中，執行保護檢查。例如，指令轉換器426接收來自監控電路424的監測信號，並確定是否出現異常現象(例如，過電壓、過電流、電池過溫以及/或電池過充)。在一實施例中，如果出現任何異常現象，流程將轉到步驟636，以終止對電池充電(啟動充電終止模式)。因此，指令轉換器426將斷開充電開關430來終止對電池充電。如果無異常現象出現，流程轉到步驟608。In step 606, a protection check is performed. For example, the command converter 426 receives the monitoring signal from the monitoring circuit 424 and determines if an abnormality has occurred (eg, overvoltage, overcurrent, battery overtemperature, and/or battery overcharge). In an embodiment, if any anomalies occur, the flow will proceed to step 636 to terminate charging the battery (starting the charge termination mode). Therefore, the command converter 426 will turn off the charge switch 430 to terminate charging the battery. If no anomalies occur, the flow proceeds to step 608.

在步驟608中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的最高電池電壓與預設電壓V3進行比較，以檢測是否出現過電壓現象。如果該最高電池電壓大於該預設電壓V3(表示出現過電壓現象)，流程轉到步驟614。在步驟614中，數字n加1。然後流程轉到步驟624，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。如果該最高電池電壓小於預設電壓V3(表示沒有出現過電壓現象)，流程轉到步驟610。In step 608, the command controller 426 can be used to compare the highest battery voltage of the battery pack 304 with the preset voltage V3 to detect whether an overvoltage phenomenon has occurred. If the highest battery voltage is greater than the predetermined voltage V3 (indicating that an overvoltage phenomenon has occurred), the flow proceeds to step 614. In step 614, the number n is incremented by one. Flow then passes to step 624 to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (e.g., standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). If the highest battery voltage is less than the preset voltage V3 (indicating that no overvoltage phenomenon has occurred), the flow proceeds to step 610.

在步驟610中，執行失衡檢查。如果無失衡現象出現，流程轉到步驟624以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。如果檢查出現電池失衡現象，為失衡的電池單元啟動漏電流(此步驟未被顯示在流程圖600中)，流程轉到步驟615。在步驟615中，啟動計時器。在步驟616中，如果計時器超時，流程轉到步驟618，並且數字n加1。然後，流程轉到步驟624，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。如果計時器沒有超時，流程轉到步驟622(類似於步驟624)，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。In step 610, an imbalance check is performed. If no imbalance occurs, the flow proceeds to step 624 to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). If a battery imbalance phenomenon is detected, a leakage current is initiated for the unbalanced battery unit (this step is not shown in flowchart 600), and the flow proceeds to step 615. In step 615, a timer is started. In step 616, if the timer expires, the flow moves to step 618 and the number n is incremented by one. Flow then proceeds to step 624 to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). If the timer has not timed out, flow proceeds to step 622 (similar to step 624) to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0).

在步驟622中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的平均電池電壓與預設電壓V2進行比較。如果該平均電池電壓小於預設電壓V2，流程返回到步驟616。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟616以及其後續步驟進行的描述在此省略。如果該平均電池電壓大於預設電壓V2，流程轉到步驟626。In step 622, the command controller 426 can be utilized to compare the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 to a predetermined voltage V2. If the average battery voltage is less than the preset voltage V2, the flow returns to step 616. For the sake of brevity, the description of step 616 and its subsequent steps has been omitted here. If the average battery voltage is greater than the preset voltage V2, the flow proceeds to step 626.

在步驟624中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的平均電池電壓與預設電壓V2進行比較，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式。如果該平均電池電壓小於預設電壓V2，流程返回到步驟604。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟604以及其後續步驟進行的描述在此省略。如果該平均電池電壓大於預設電壓V2，流程轉到步驟626，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。在步驟622中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的平均電池電壓與預設電壓V2進行比較。如果該平均電池電壓小於預設電壓V2，流程返回到步驟616。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟616以及其後續步驟進行的描述在此省略。如果該平均電池電壓大於預設電壓V2，流程轉到步驟626。In step 624, the command controller 426 can be utilized to compare the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 with the preset voltage V2 to determine whether to initiate the constant voltage charging mode. If the average battery voltage is less than the preset voltage V2, the flow returns to step 604. For the sake of brevity, the description of step 604 and its subsequent steps has been omitted here. If the average battery voltage is greater than the preset voltage V2, the flow proceeds to step 626 to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). In step 622, the command controller 426 can be utilized to compare the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 to a predetermined voltage V2. If the average battery voltage is less than the preset voltage V2, the flow returns to step 616. For the sake of brevity, the description of step 616 and its subsequent steps has been omitted here. If the average battery voltage is greater than the preset voltage V2, the flow proceeds to step 626.

在步驟626中，啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。In step 626, a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0) is initiated.

在步驟628中，執行保護檢查(類似於步驟606)。如果出現任何異常現象，流程轉到步驟636，以終止對電池充電(啟動充電終止模式)。如果無異常現象出現，流程轉到步驟630。In step 628, a protection check is performed (similar to step 606). If any anomalies occur, the flow proceeds to step 636 to terminate charging the battery (starting the charge termination mode). If no anomalies occur, the flow proceeds to step 630.

在步驟630中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的最高電池電壓與預設電壓V3進行比較(類似於步驟608)，以檢查是否出現過電壓現象。如果該最高電池電壓大於預設電壓V3(表示出現過電壓現象)，流程轉到步驟634。在步驟634中，數字n被設置為該預設最大值max，然後流程返回到步驟604。基於此，最微量定電流Imax(I0>I1>I2>...>Imax)啟動。如果該最高電池電壓小於預設電壓V3(表示沒有出現過電壓現象)，流程轉到步驟632。In step 630, the command controller 426 can be used to compare the highest battery voltage of the battery pack 304 with the preset voltage V3 (similar to step 608) to check for an overvoltage phenomenon. If the highest battery voltage is greater than the preset voltage V3 (indicating that an overvoltage phenomenon has occurred), the flow proceeds to step 634. In step 634, the number n is set to the preset maximum value max, and then the flow returns to step 604. Based on this, the most constant constant current Imax (I0>I1>I2>...>Imax) is started. If the highest battery voltage is less than the preset voltage V3 (indicating that no overvoltage phenomenon has occurred), the flow proceeds to step 632.

在步驟632中，如果所有電池單元都被充滿，流程轉到步驟636，以終止對電池充電。否則，流程返回到步驟626，繼續執行定電壓充電模式。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟626以及其後續步驟進行的描述在此省略。In step 632, if all of the battery cells are fully charged, flow proceeds to step 636 to terminate charging the battery. Otherwise, the flow returns to step 626 to continue performing the constant voltage charging mode. For the sake of brevity, the description of step 626 and its subsequent steps has been omitted herein.

圖7所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池管理系統執行的另一種方法流程圖700。在一實施例中，對於磷酸鹽鋰電池，當其電池電壓達到一閾值電壓時，該電池電壓將會迅速增加(出現電壓跳變)。因此，可以透過流程圖700提供的方法，即透過減少當電池出現電壓跳變時的電池充電電流，對磷酸鹽鋰電池進行充電。在本實施例中，可對指令轉換器426進行配置，進而使圖4中的電池管理系統以流程圖700的方式實現。以下將結合圖3和圖4對圖7進行描述。7 is a flow chart 700 of another method performed by a battery management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, for a lithium phosphate battery, when its battery voltage reaches a threshold voltage, the battery voltage will increase rapidly (a voltage jump occurs). Thus, the lithium phosphate battery can be charged by the method provided by flowchart 700 by reducing the battery charging current when the battery is experiencing a voltage jump. In the present embodiment, the command converter 426 can be configured to implement the battery management system of FIG. 4 in the manner of flowchart 700. FIG. 7 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

在圖7給出的例子中，電池管理系統首先以標準定電流充電模式CC0對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，如果出現過電壓現象，該電池管理系統將以微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，如果電池組304的最高電池電壓大於預設電壓V3(例如，鋰離子電池的4.3V)，則出現過電壓現象。如果發生電池電壓跳變，電池管理系統以微量定電流充電模式(例如，以充電電流為Imax(I0>I1>I2>...>Imax)的微量定電流充電模式CCmax)對電池組304充電。在一實施例中，當電壓(例如，某個電池單元的電池電壓或者多個電池單元的平均電池電壓)的增量ΔV與其時間變化Δt的比值ΔV/Δt大於一個預設值Δth時，代表出現電池電壓跳變現象。當電池組304的電池單元平均電壓大於預設電壓V2(例如，鋰離子電池的4.2V)時，該電池管理系統則以定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對該電池組304充電。另外該電池管理系統可執行保護檢查。In the example given in Figure 7, the battery management system first charges the battery pack 304 in a standard constant current charging mode CC0. In one embodiment, if an overvoltage condition occurs, the battery management system will charge the battery pack 304 in a small constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max). In an embodiment, if the highest battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than the preset voltage V3 (eg, 4.3V of a lithium ion battery), an overvoltage phenomenon occurs. If a battery voltage jump occurs, the battery management system charges the battery pack 304 in a small constant current charging mode (for example, a micro-regulated charging mode CCmax with a charging current of Imax (I0>I1>I2>...>Imax)). . In an embodiment, when the ratio ΔV/Δt of the voltage ΔV of the voltage (for example, the battery voltage of a certain battery unit or the average battery voltage of the plurality of battery units) to the time change Δt is greater than a preset value Δth, it represents A battery voltage jump occurs. When the battery cell average voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than the preset voltage V2 (for example, 4.2V of the lithium ion battery), the battery management system charges the battery pack in a constant voltage charging mode (for example, a standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). 304 charging. In addition, the battery management system can perform a protection check.

在步驟702中，電池管理系統開始對電池組304充電，並且將象徵不同定電流充電模式的數字n初始化為0。In step 702, the battery management system begins charging battery pack 304 and initializes the number n, which symbolizes different constant current charging modes, to zero.

在步驟704中，定電流充電模式CCn由控制信號350啟動。例如，當數字n設為0時，啟動標準定電流充電模式CC0。當數字n為1到max之間的一個數時，啟動微量定電流充電模式CCn(n=1,2,...,max)。In step 704, the constant current charging mode CCn is initiated by control signal 350. For example, when the number n is set to 0, the standard constant current charging mode CC0 is activated. When the number n is a number between 1 and max, the micro constant current charging mode CCn (n = 1, 2, ..., max) is started.

在步驟706執行的保護檢查，例如，指令轉換器426接收來自監控電路424的監測信號，並確定是否出現異常現象(例如，過電壓、過電流、電池過溫以及/或電池過充)。如果出現任何異常現象，流程轉到步驟728，以終止對電池充電(啟動充電終止模式)。基於此，指令轉換器426將斷開充電開關430來終止對電池充電。如果無異常現象出現，流程轉到步驟708。The protection check performed at step 706, for example, the command converter 426 receives the monitoring signal from the monitoring circuit 424 and determines if an abnormality has occurred (eg, overvoltage, overcurrent, battery overtemperature, and/or battery overcharge). If any anomalies occur, the flow proceeds to step 728 to terminate charging the battery (starting the charge termination mode). Based on this, the command converter 426 will turn off the charge switch 430 to terminate charging the battery. If no anomalies occur, the flow proceeds to step 708.

在步驟708中，可以利用指令控制器426將電池組304的最高電池電壓與預設電壓V3進行比較，以檢測是否出現過電壓現象。如果該最高電池電壓大於預設電壓V3(表示出現過電壓現象)，流程轉到步驟710。在步驟710中，數字n加1。然後流程轉到步驟712。如果該最高電池電壓小於預設電壓V3(表示沒有出現過電壓現象)，流程直接轉到步驟712。In step 708, the command controller 426 can be used to compare the highest battery voltage of the battery pack 304 with the preset voltage V3 to detect whether an overvoltage phenomenon has occurred. If the highest battery voltage is greater than the preset voltage V3 (indicating that an overvoltage phenomenon has occurred), the flow proceeds to step 710. In step 710, the number n is incremented by one. The flow then moves to step 712. If the highest battery voltage is less than the preset voltage V3 (indicating that no overvoltage phenomenon has occurred), the flow proceeds directly to step 712.

在步驟712中，執行電壓跳變檢查。在步驟714中，如果電壓(例如，某個電池單元電壓或者多個電池單元的平均電壓)的增量ΔV與其時間變化Δt的比值ΔV/Δt小於預設值Δth，流程返回到步驟704。為了簡明起見，前面已經對步驟704以及其後續步驟的描述，在此省略。In step 712, a voltage jump check is performed. In step 714, if the ratio ΔV/Δt of the increment ΔV of the voltage (eg, a certain cell voltage or the average voltage of the plurality of battery cells) to its time change Δt is less than the preset value Δth, the flow returns to step 704. For the sake of brevity, the foregoing description of step 704 and its subsequent steps has been omitted herein.

在步驟716中，如果電壓(例如，某個電池單元電壓或者所述多個電池單元平均電壓)的增量ΔV與其時間變化Δt的比值ΔV/Δt大於預設值Δth，則以微量定電流充電模式(例如，CCmax)對電池組304充電。控制信號350將控制適配器302輸出微量定充電電流(Imax)對電池組304充電。In step 716, if the ratio ΔV/Δt of the increment ΔV of the voltage (for example, a certain battery cell voltage or the plurality of battery cell average voltages) to its time change Δt is greater than a preset value Δth, charging is performed with a small constant current. The battery pack 304 is charged by a mode (eg, CCmax). Control signal 350 will control adapter 302 to output a small set charging current (Imax) to charge battery pack 304.

在步驟720中，系統執行定電壓充電模式(CV)檢查。更具體地說，將電池組304的平均電池電壓與預設電壓V2進行比較，以確定是否啟動定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)。如果電池組304的平均電池電壓小於預設電壓V2，意味著可以繼續以微量定電流充電模式對該電池組304充電，流程返回到步驟716。如果電池組304的平均電池電壓大於預設電壓V2，流程轉到步驟722。In step 720, the system performs a constant voltage charging mode (CV) check. More specifically, the average battery voltage of battery pack 304 is compared to a preset voltage V2 to determine whether to initiate a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). If the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is less than the preset voltage V2, it means that the battery pack 304 can continue to be charged in the minute constant current charging mode, and the flow returns to step 716. If the average battery voltage of the battery pack 304 is greater than the preset voltage V2, the flow proceeds to step 722.

在步驟722中，定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對電池組304充電。In step 722, the battery pack 304 is charged in a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0).

在步驟724中，如果所有電池單元均被充滿，流程在步驟728終止(啟動充電終止模式)。否則，流程返回到步驟722，繼續以定電壓充電模式對電池組304充電。In step 724, if all of the battery cells are full, the flow terminates at step 728 (starting the charge termination mode). Otherwise, the flow returns to step 722 to continue charging the battery pack 304 in a constant voltage charging mode.

結合前面對圖5至圖7的描述，在一實施例中，本發明電池管理系統可以透過多種定電流充電模式(例如，標準定電流充電模式CC0、微量定電流充電模式CC1~CCmax)，以及定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0)對電池組304充電。透過對指令轉換器426進行配置/編程，可以執行其他的充電模式。例如，該電池管理系統可以透過定電流充電模式(例如，標準定電流充電模式CC0)，以及多種定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0，微量定電壓充電模式CV0~CVmax’)對電池組304充電。另外，可以透過多種定電流充電模式(例如，標準定電流充電模式CC0、微量定電流充電模式CC1~CCmax)以及多種定電壓充電模式(例如，標準定電壓充電模式CV0，微量定電壓充電模式CV0~CVmax’)對電池組304充電。In combination with the foregoing description of FIGS. 5-7, in one embodiment, the battery management system of the present invention can pass various constant current charging modes (eg, standard constant current charging mode CC0, micro constant current charging mode CC1~CCmax), The battery pack 304 is charged by a constant voltage charging mode (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0). Other charging modes can be performed by configuring/programming the command converter 426. For example, the battery management system can pass a constant current charging mode (eg, standard constant current charging mode CC0), and a plurality of constant voltage charging modes (eg, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0, micro constant voltage charging mode CV0~CVmax') The battery pack 304 is charged. In addition, it can pass various constant current charging modes (for example, standard constant current charging mode CC0, micro constant current charging mode CC1~CCmax) and various constant voltage charging modes (for example, standard constant voltage charging mode CV0, micro constant voltage charging mode CV0 ~CVmax') charges the battery pack 304.

圖8所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池管理系統執行的另一種方法流程圖800。以下將結合圖3和圖4對圖8進行描述。8 is a flow chart 800 of another method performed by a battery management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 8 will be described below in conjunction with FIGS. 3 and 4.

如圖8所示，在步驟802中，該電池管理系統監控電池組304內的多個電池單元中的每個電池單元。例如，監控電路424監控電池電壓、電流和/或溫度等等，並且為每個電池單元產生代表每個電池單元的狀態的監測信號。As shown in FIG. 8, in step 802, the battery management system monitors each of the plurality of battery cells within the battery pack 304. For example, monitoring circuit 424 monitors battery voltage, current, and/or temperature, etc., and generates a monitoring signal for each battery cell that represents the state of each battery cell.

在步驟804中，電池管理系統依據電池組304內的多個電池單元中的每個電池單元的狀態產生控制信號350。例如，可以依據如圖4中所示的監測信號490_1~490_3、492和494來產生控制信號350。In step 804, the battery management system generates a control signal 350 based on the state of each of the plurality of battery cells within the battery pack 304. For example, control signal 350 can be generated in accordance with monitoring signals 490_1~490_3, 492, and 494 as shown in FIG.

在步驟806中，電池管理系統依據控制信號350調整適配器302的輸出功率。例如，該電池管理系統可以透過控制一個脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期以調整適配器302的輸出功率。In step 806, the battery management system adjusts the output power of the adapter 302 in accordance with the control signal 350. For example, the battery management system can adjust the output power of the adapter 302 by controlling the duty cycle of a pulse width modulated signal.

相應地，本發明提供了一種電池管理系統。在這樣的一個實施例中，電池組可以透過整合在其內部的控制電路直接控制適配器的輸出功率。優點在於，可以依據該電池組內的每個電池單元的狀態調整該適配器的輸出功率。那麼，在一實施例中，可以依據電池單元的狀態啟動多種充電模式。因此，當所有的電池單元均被充滿時，可啟動充電終止模式，進而避免了任何異常現象出現。Accordingly, the present invention provides a battery management system. In such an embodiment, the battery pack can directly control the output power of the adapter through a control circuit integrated therein. The advantage is that the output power of the adapter can be adjusted depending on the state of each battery cell within the battery pack. Then, in an embodiment, a plurality of charging modes can be initiated depending on the state of the battery unit. Therefore, when all of the battery cells are fully charged, the charge termination mode can be activated, thereby avoiding any anomalies.

在一實施例中，依據該電池組的狀態可以啟動多種充電模式。例如，在電池充電初期，可以啟動標準定電流充電模式。在一實施例中，當電池組的電壓大於第一閾值時，可以啟動微量定電流充電模式。當電池電壓在某一時間段的增量大於第二閾值時，也可以啟動微量定電流充電模式。當電池組的電壓大於第三閾值時，可以啟動定電壓充電模式。In an embodiment, a plurality of charging modes can be initiated depending on the state of the battery pack. For example, the standard constant current charging mode can be initiated at the beginning of battery charging. In an embodiment, the micro-regulated charging mode can be initiated when the voltage of the battery pack is greater than the first threshold. The micro-regulated charging mode can also be initiated when the battery voltage is greater than the second threshold for a certain period of time. When the voltage of the battery pack is greater than the third threshold, the constant voltage charging mode can be initiated.

圖9所示為本發明一實施例的電源管理系統900的示意圖。在圖9與圖4中標記相同的元件具有相似的功能，在此將不對這些元件進行詳細描述。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power management system 900 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Elements labeled the same in Figures 9 and 4 have similar functions and will not be described in detail herein.

電源管理系統900包括一適配器902，以對電池組一904充電並且對一系統負載910供電。在一實施例中，適配器902可以在對電池組904充電的同時對系統負載910供電。適配器902可以給電池組904中的電池控制器920產生代表最大適配功率的一功率識別信號952，並且可以接收來自電池控制器920的控制信號950。其中，控制信號950與圖4中的控制信號350相似。功率識別信號952可以是電壓信號，並且功率識別信號952的電壓位準可以代表適配器902的最大可用功率。在一實施例中，電池組904包括一電池控制器920和一監控電路424。電池控制器920可以接收來自適配器902的功率識別信號952，並且依據電池組904的狀態以及系統負載910的狀態產生控制信號950以調整適配器902的輸出功率。更具體地說，控制信號950可以是類比控制信號或者數位控制信號。控制信號950可透過調整由適配器902內部的脈衝寬度調變信號產生器480產生的脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期，以調整適配器902的輸出功率。在一實施例中，功率識別信號952和控制信號950透過一單一信號匯流排傳遞。在另一實施例中，功率識別信號952和控制信號950透過一雙信號匯流排分別傳遞。The power management system 900 includes an adapter 902 to charge the battery pack 904 and power a system load 910. In an embodiment, the adapter 902 can power the system load 910 while charging the battery pack 904. Adapter 902 can generate a power identification signal 952 representative of the maximum adapted power to battery controller 920 in battery pack 904 and can receive control signal 950 from battery controller 920. Among them, the control signal 950 is similar to the control signal 350 in FIG. The power identification signal 952 can be a voltage signal, and the voltage level of the power identification signal 952 can represent the maximum available power of the adapter 902. In one embodiment, battery pack 904 includes a battery controller 920 and a monitoring circuit 424. The battery controller 920 can receive the power identification signal 952 from the adapter 902 and generate a control signal 950 to adjust the output power of the adapter 902 based on the state of the battery pack 904 and the state of the system load 910. More specifically, control signal 950 can be an analog control signal or a digital control signal. The control signal 950 can adjust the output power of the adapter 902 by adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal generated by the pulse width modulation signal generator 480 inside the adapter 902. In one embodiment, power identification signal 952 and control signal 950 are transmitted through a single signal bus. In another embodiment, the power identification signal 952 and the control signal 950 are separately transmitted through a dual signal bus.

電池控制器920可以透過監測感應電阻940上的電壓來監測來自適配器902的輸出電流。舉例說明，差分放大器(未顯示在圖9中)可以耦接至感應電阻940以放大感應電阻940上的電壓，並且產生代表適配器902的輸出電流的類比監測信號。類比數位轉換器(未顯示在圖9中)可以耦接至該差分放大器，以將類比監測信號轉換成代表適配器902的輸出電流的數位信號。Battery controller 920 can monitor the output current from adapter 902 by monitoring the voltage across sense resistor 940. By way of example, a differential amplifier (not shown in FIG. 9) can be coupled to the sense resistor 940 to amplify the voltage across the sense resistor 940 and generate an analog monitor signal representative of the output current of the adapter 902. An analog digital converter (not shown in FIG. 9) can be coupled to the differential amplifier to convert the analog monitor signal to a digital signal representative of the output current of the adapter 902.

電池控制器920也可以從監控電路424接收電池組904的監測資訊。依據對圖4的相關描述，監控電路424可以監測每個電池單元310_1~310_3的狀態(例如，電池電壓、電池電流、電池溫度和/或電池容量)，並且防止每個電池單元310_1~310_3出現異常現象(例如，過電壓、過電流、電池過溫以及/或電池過充)。在一實施例中，監控電路424也透過感應電阻470來監測電池電流(例如，電池充電電流)，並且產生代表該電池電流的監測信號492。電池控制器920可以接收來自監控電路424的監測資訊。優點在於，電池控制器920可以依據適配器的輸出電流與電池充電電流的差值來計算提供給系統負載910的總功率/總電流。Battery controller 920 can also receive monitoring information for battery pack 904 from monitoring circuit 424. According to the related description of FIG. 4, the monitoring circuit 424 can monitor the status of each of the battery cells 310_1~310_3 (eg, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, and/or battery capacity) and prevent each of the battery cells 310_1~310_3 from appearing. Abnormalities (eg, overvoltage, overcurrent, battery overtemperature, and/or battery overcharge). In one embodiment, the monitoring circuit 424 also monitors the battery current (eg, battery charging current) through the sense resistor 470 and generates a monitoring signal 492 representative of the battery current. Battery controller 920 can receive monitoring information from monitoring circuit 424. Advantageously, battery controller 920 can calculate the total power/total current provided to system load 910 based on the difference between the adapter's output current and the battery charging current.

優點在於，電池控制器920可以依據電池組904的狀態(例如，電池組904的充電電流和/或對電池組904充電的功率)以及系統負載910的狀態(例如，流入系統負載910的電流或對系統負載910供電的總功率)來調整適配器902的輸出功率。換言之，可依據系統的需求以及電池的需求/狀態來動態地並且自動地調整適配器902的輸出功率。舉例說明，如果需要以定電流充電模式CC1對電池組904進行充電，電池控制器920可以調整控制信號950，使得在電池組904被設定的充電電流I1充電的同時，系統負載910仍然接收足夠的功率並且正常工作。在一實施例中，電池控制器920可以以圖5至圖7所描述的方式實現。An advantage is that battery controller 920 can depend on the state of battery pack 904 (eg, the charging current of battery pack 904 and/or the power charged to battery pack 904) and the state of system load 910 (eg, current flowing into system load 910 or The total power supplied to the system load 910 is adjusted to adjust the output power of the adapter 902. In other words, the output power of the adapter 902 can be dynamically and automatically adjusted depending on the needs of the system and the demand/state of the battery. For example, if it is desired to charge the battery pack 904 in the constant current charging mode CC1, the battery controller 920 can adjust the control signal 950 such that the system load 910 still receives sufficient while the battery pack 904 is being charged by the set charging current I1. Power and work properly. In an embodiment, battery controller 920 can be implemented in the manner described in Figures 5-7.

在一實施例中，電池控制器920依據適配器902的輸出功率(例如，依據代表適配器902輸出電流的監測信號)來調整電池組904的充電電流。舉例說明，可透過監測感應電阻940來產生代表所述適配器輸出電流的監測信號。在一實施例中，當電池控制器920探測到所述適配器的輸出功率達到最大適配功率時(例如，當代表所述適配器輸出電流的監測信號等於或者大於預設值時)，電池控制器920可以減少/切斷電池組904的充電電流，以確保有足夠的功率提供給系統負載910，進而使得系統負載910正常工作。在一實施例中，電池控制器920可以斷開充電開關430以切斷所述充電電流。在另一實施例中，由於充電開關430可由電池控制器920產生的脈衝寬度調變信號來啟動，電池控制器920可以透過減少控制充電開關430的脈衝寬度調變信號的責任週期來減少充電電流。優點在於，電池控制器920可以基於適配器902的輸出功率在系統負載910和電池組904之間動態地分配功率。In one embodiment, battery controller 920 adjusts the charging current of battery pack 904 based on the output power of adapter 902 (eg, based on a monitoring signal representative of the output current of adapter 902). For example, a monitoring signal representative of the output current of the adapter can be generated by monitoring the sense resistor 940. In an embodiment, when the battery controller 920 detects that the output power of the adapter reaches a maximum adaptive power (for example, when the monitoring signal representing the output current of the adapter is equal to or greater than a preset value), the battery controller The 920 can reduce/cut off the charging current of the battery pack 904 to ensure that sufficient power is provided to the system load 910, thereby allowing the system load 910 to function properly. In an embodiment, battery controller 920 can turn off charging switch 430 to shut off the charging current. In another embodiment, since the charging switch 430 can be activated by a pulse width modulation signal generated by the battery controller 920, the battery controller 920 can reduce the charging current by reducing the duty cycle of controlling the pulse width modulation signal of the charging switch 430. . An advantage is that battery controller 920 can dynamically distribute power between system load 910 and battery pack 904 based on the output power of adapter 902.

在一實施例中，如果適配器902出現異常現象(或者出現錯誤)，電池控制器920產生信號以斷開耦接在適配器902和電池組904之間的開關960。舉例說明，當電池控制器920探測到適配器902的輸出電壓大於預設閾值，開關960可被斷開，以保護電池組904和系統負載910。In an embodiment, if an abnormality occurs in the adapter 902 (or an error occurs), the battery controller 920 generates a signal to disconnect the switch 960 coupled between the adapter 902 and the battery pack 904. For example, when battery controller 920 detects that the output voltage of adapter 902 is greater than a predetermined threshold, switch 960 can be turned off to protect battery pack 904 and system load 910.

圖10所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池控制器(例如，電池控制器920)的執行方法流程圖1000。以下將結合圖9對圖10進行描述。10 is a flow chart 1000 of a method of performing a battery controller (e.g., battery controller 920) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 will be described below with reference to FIG.

在步驟1002中，電池控制器920接收代表最大適配功率(例如，來自適配器902的最大適配功率)的功率識別信號952。In step 1002, battery controller 920 receives a power identification signal 952 that represents the maximum adapted power (eg, the maximum adapted power from adapter 902).

在步驟1004中，可以依據電池組904的狀態以及由適配器902供電的系統負載910的狀態來產生控制信號950，以調整適配器902的輸出功率，該控制信號例如可以由電池控制器920產生。In step 1004, control signal 950 may be generated based on the state of battery pack 904 and the state of system load 910 powered by adapter 902 to adjust the output power of adapter 902, which may be generated, for example, by battery controller 920.

在步驟1006中，可以透過電池控制器920接收代表適配器902輸出電流的監測信號。In step 1006, a monitoring signal representative of the output current of the adapter 902 can be received by the battery controller 920.

在步驟1008中，電池組904的充電電流可以依據代表適配器902輸出電流的監測信號來調整。優點在於，在一實施例中，當電池控制器920探測到適配器的輸出功率達到最大適配功率時(例如，當代表適配器輸出電流的監測信號等於或者大於預設值時)，電池控制器920可以減少/斷開電池組904的充電電流，以確保有足夠的功率提供給系統負載910，進而使得系統負載910正常工作。In step 1008, the charging current of battery pack 904 can be adjusted based on a monitoring signal representative of the output current of adapter 902. Advantageously, in an embodiment, when the battery controller 920 detects that the output power of the adapter reaches a maximum adapted power (eg, when the monitoring signal representative of the adapter output current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value), the battery controller 920 The charging current of the battery pack 904 can be reduced/disabled to ensure that sufficient power is provided to the system load 910, thereby allowing the system load 910 to function properly.

圖11所示為依據本發明一實施例的具有電池管理功能的車用電子系統1100。圖11將結合圖3、圖4和圖9進行描述。在一實施例中，車用電子系統1100控制車的運作。本發明實施例中的車具體可以但是不限於是一電動車或一混合動力車，只要透過本發明實施例對車進行控制的技術方案，均為本發明實施例所請求保護的技術方案。在一實施例中，車用電子系統1100包括一發動機1110、一車輛管理元件和一電源管理元件。車輛管理元件包括一發動機驅動處理單元(motor driver processing unit,MPU)1132、一直流至直流轉換器1134、一儀錶控制單元(instrument control unit,ICU)1138、一車輛控制單元(vehicle control unit，VCU)1142。電源管理元件包括一充電器1102和一電池組1104。FIG. 11 shows a vehicle electronic system 1100 having a battery management function in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 will be described in conjunction with Figures 3, 4 and 9. In an embodiment, the vehicle electronic system 1100 controls the operation of the vehicle. The vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention may be specifically, but not limited to, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The technical solutions for controlling the vehicle through the embodiments of the present invention are all technical solutions claimed in the embodiments of the present invention. In one embodiment, the vehicle electronic system 1100 includes an engine 1110, a vehicle management component, and a power management component. The vehicle management component includes an engine driver processing unit (MPU) 1132, a DC to DC converter 1134, an instrument control unit (ICU) 1138, and a vehicle control unit (VCU). ) 1142. The power management component includes a charger 1102 and a battery pack 1104.

車用電子系統1100更包括一車輛匯流排1106，該車輛匯流排1106耦接車用電子系統1100中的元件，該車用電子系統1100中的元件可以包括一車輛管理元件和一電源管理元件，該車輛匯流排1106可依據一個或多個車輛匯流排協定在多個元件之間傳輸資料資訊。車輛匯流排協定包括且不限於一控制器區域網路(controller area network,CAN)協定、一車用區域網路(vehicle area network,VAN)協議、一互連式區域網路(local interconnect network,LIN)協定和一FlexRay協定。在圖11的實施例中，車輛匯流排1106可以是一控制器區域網路匯流排，其採用控制器區域網路協定。控制器區域網路協定預定義了資訊的格式和規則，以依據控制器區域網路標準交換這些資訊。因此，在啟動期間，與車輛匯流排耦接的元件(例如，充電器1102和電池組1104)判斷其是否支援控制器區域網路協定，例如，判斷其是否可以依據控制器區域網路標準透過車輛匯流排1106相互交換資訊。因此，如果充電器1102和電池組1104都支援控制器區域網路協定，則充電器1102和電池組1104之間建立交握(handshake)。The vehicular electronic system 1100 further includes a vehicle busbar 1106 coupled to components in the vehicular electronic system 1100. The components in the vehicular electronic system 1100 can include a vehicle management component and a power management component. The vehicle busbar 1106 can transmit data information between multiple components in accordance with one or more vehicle busbar agreements. The vehicle busbar agreement includes, but is not limited to, a controller area network (CAN) protocol, a vehicle area network (VAN) protocol, and a local interconnect network (local interconnect network, LIN) agreement and a FlexRay agreement. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the vehicle busbar 1106 can be a controller area network bus that employs a controller area network protocol. The controller area network protocol predefines the format and rules of the information to exchange this information according to the controller area network standard. Therefore, during startup, the components coupled to the vehicle bus (eg, charger 1102 and battery pack 1104) determine whether they support the controller area network protocol, for example, to determine whether it can pass the controller area network standard. The vehicle busbars 1106 exchange information with each other. Therefore, if both the charger 1102 and the battery pack 1104 support the controller area network protocol, a handshake is established between the charger 1102 and the battery pack 1104.

儀錶控制單元1138控制與其相連的車的一儀錶1140。儀錶1140包括且不限於一速度表、一轉速表、一里程表、一電池狀態表、一低電池電量燈和一手煞燈。Meter control unit 1138 controls a meter 1140 of the vehicle to which it is connected. Meter 1140 includes, but is not limited to, a speedometer, a tachometer, an odometer, a battery status meter, a low battery level light, and a hand lamp.

車輛控制單元1142與用戶介面1144耦接，以透過用戶介面1144與用戶互動，進以控制與車輛匯流排1106耦接的元件。例如，當車啟動時，車用電子系統1100中的元件執行自檢，並產生表示在自檢過程中是否發現內部錯誤的結果資料。車輛匯流排1106將結果資料傳送至車輛控制單元1142。如果結果資料表示發現了內部錯誤，例如，當電池組1104沒電時，車輛控制單元1142向用戶介面1144回饋結果資訊或向儀錶控制單元1138發送控制指令，以在相應的儀錶上發出警報。如果結果資料表示所有的元件都通過了自檢，例如，沒有發現內部錯誤，車輛控制單元1142向每個元件發送開啟指令。因此，啟動了車用電子系統1100。The vehicle control unit 1142 is coupled to the user interface 1144 to interact with the user through the user interface 1144 to control the components coupled to the vehicle busbar 1106. For example, when the vehicle is started, the components in the vehicle electronic system 1100 perform a self-test and produce a result data indicating whether an internal error was found during the self-test. The vehicle bus 1106 transmits the resulting data to the vehicle control unit 1142. If the resulting data indicates that an internal error has been detected, for example, when the battery pack 1104 is out of power, the vehicle control unit 1142 feeds back the result information to the user interface 1144 or sends a control command to the meter control unit 1138 to issue an alert on the corresponding meter. If the resulting data indicates that all of the components have passed the self-test, for example, no internal error has been found, the vehicle control unit 1142 sends an open command to each component. Therefore, the vehicle electronic system 1100 is activated.

車輛控制單元1142可進一步地透過接收來自與車輛匯流排1106耦接的元件的感應資料來檢測這些元件的狀態。車輛控制單元1142與用戶介面1144進行互動，並據此發送控制指令以控制這些元件。例如，儀錶控制單元1138可以依據來自車輛控制單元1142的控制指令在對應儀錶的面板上顯示各種感應資訊，例如，車的速度、發動機1110的轉速、電池容量等。The vehicle control unit 1142 may further detect the status of the components by receiving sensing data from components coupled to the vehicle busbar 1106. The vehicle control unit 1142 interacts with the user interface 1144 and sends control commands accordingly to control these components. For example, the meter control unit 1138 can display various sensing information on the panel of the corresponding meter according to a control command from the vehicle control unit 1142, such as the speed of the vehicle, the rotational speed of the engine 1110, the battery capacity, and the like.

發動機驅動處理單元1132控制發動機1110，例如，依據車輛控制單元1142產生的控制指令來控制發動機1110。例如，發動機驅動處理單元1132可以啟動和停止發動機1110、選擇發動機1110的轉動方向、選擇和調整發動機1110的轉動速率、調整轉矩或保護發動機1110以避免超載和錯誤的發生。此外，發動機驅動處理單元1132將表示發動機1110的狀態(例如，發動機1110的轉速)的發動機狀態資料轉發至車輛控制單元1142。相應地，車輛控制單元1142控制儀錶控制單元1138，以將轉速顯示在轉速表上。The engine drive processing unit 1132 controls the engine 1110, for example, to control the engine 1110 in accordance with control commands generated by the vehicle control unit 1142. For example, the engine drive processing unit 1132 can start and stop the engine 1110, select the direction of rotation of the engine 1110, select and adjust the rate of rotation of the engine 1110, adjust the torque, or protect the engine 1110 from overload and misidents. Further, the engine drive processing unit 1132 forwards engine state data indicating the state of the engine 1110 (eg, the engine speed of the engine 1110) to the vehicle control unit 1142. Accordingly, the vehicle control unit 1142 controls the meter control unit 1138 to display the rotational speed on the tachometer.

在一實施例中，電池組1104包括多個電池單元模組，例如，電池單元模組1120_1、電池單元模組1120_2和電池單元模組1120_3。儘管在圖11中的實施例中提供了3個電池單元模組，其他數目的電池模組也可以適用於電池組1104中。電池單元模組1120_1、電池單元模組1120_2和電池單元模組1120_3均包括各自預設數目的電池單元，該電池單元例如可以為一鋰電池單元、一鉛酸電池單元、一鎳鎘/鎳氫(NiCD/NiMH)電池單元、或一磷酸鐵鋰(LiFePO4)電池單元。In one embodiment, the battery pack 1104 includes a plurality of battery unit modules, such as a battery unit module 1120_1, a battery unit module 1120_2, and a battery unit module 1120_3. Although three battery unit modules are provided in the embodiment of FIG. 11, other numbers of battery modules may be suitable for use in the battery pack 1104. The battery unit module 1120_1, the battery unit module 1120_2, and the battery unit module 1120_3 each include a preset number of battery units, and the battery unit can be, for example, a lithium battery unit, a lead acid battery unit, and a nickel cadmium/nickel hydride. (NiCD/NiMH) battery unit, or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery unit.

電池組1104可以工作在充電模式或放電模式下。電池組1104透過放電路徑1160和逆變器1108與發動機1110耦接。在圖11的實施例中，發動機1110是一交流(AC)電機。當車啟動時，電池組1104切換到放電模式，例如，透過接通放電開關1170來導通放電路徑1160實現放電模式。在放電模式，串聯的電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3產生電池電壓VBAT 。逆變器1108將電池電壓VBAT 轉換為交流(AC)電壓VDRV ，以驅動發動機1110。發動機1110接收來自電池組1104的電能，以產生機械能，進而進一步驅動車的車輪或推進器。在發動機1110的運行過程中，電池組1104始終工作在放電模式下。可替換地，發動機1110可以是由直流(DC)電壓驅動的直流電機。這種情況下，可以去掉逆變器1108或使用直流至直流轉換器代替逆變器1108。The battery pack 1104 can operate in a charging mode or a discharging mode. The battery pack 1104 is coupled to the engine 1110 through a discharge path 1160 and an inverter 1108. In the embodiment of Figure 11, engine 1110 is an alternating current (AC) motor. When the vehicle is started, the battery pack 1104 switches to the discharge mode, for example, by turning on the discharge switch 1170 to turn on the discharge path 1160 to achieve the discharge mode. In the discharge mode, the battery cell modules 1120_1 to 1120_3 connected in series generate the battery voltage V BAT . The inverter 1108 converts the battery voltage V BAT into an alternating current (AC) voltage V DRV to drive the engine 1110. The engine 1110 receives electrical energy from the battery pack 1104 to generate mechanical energy that further drives the wheels or propellers of the vehicle. During operation of the engine 1110, the battery pack 1104 is always operating in the discharge mode. Alternatively, the engine 1110 may be a direct current motor driven by a direct current (DC) voltage. In this case, the inverter 1108 can be removed or a DC to DC converter can be used instead of the inverter 1108.

在一實施例中，與放電路徑1160耦接的直流至直流轉換器1134向車用電子系統1100中的元件提供電能。更具體地說，當電池組1104工作在放電模式時，直流至直流轉換器1134將來自電池組1104的電壓VBAT 轉換為驅動電壓，例如，12伏直流電壓，以驅動車用電子系統1100中的元件，並向與直流至直流轉換器1134耦接的蓄電池1136充電。當車熄火時，可以透過放電開關1170斷開放電路徑1160，以終止放電模式。因此，直流至直流轉換器1134停止向車用電子系統1100中的元件提供電能。然後，蓄電池1136產生的驅動電能可以驅動車中的一部分設備。例如，儘管車熄火了，仍然可以點亮該車上的燈。In an embodiment, the DC to DC converter 1134 coupled to the discharge path 1160 provides electrical energy to components in the automotive electronic system 1100. More specifically, when the battery pack 1104 is operating in the discharge mode, the DC to DC converter 1134 converts the voltage V BAT from the battery pack 1104 into a drive voltage, for example, a 12 volt DC voltage, to drive the vehicle electronic system 1100. The components are charged to a battery 1136 that is coupled to a DC to DC converter 1134. When the vehicle is turned off, the discharge path 1160 can be turned off through the discharge switch 1170 to terminate the discharge mode. Thus, the DC to DC converter 1134 ceases to provide electrical energy to the components in the automotive electronic system 1100. The drive power generated by battery 1136 can then drive a portion of the equipment in the vehicle. For example, although the car is turned off, the lights on the car can still be illuminated.

電池組1104更包括與電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3耦接的中央電子控制單元(central electric control unit,CECU)1122。中央電子控制單元1122可包括一處理器(例如，一中央處理器(central processing unit,CPU)、一微處理器、一數位信號處理器或其他可以執行程式指令的設備)，中央電子控制單元1122更可包括一機器可讀介質(machine-readable medium)，存儲機器可執行資料(machine-executable data)和指令。在一實施例中，中央電子控制單元1122的處理器執行存儲在機器可讀介質中的機器可執行指令，以控制電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3並與車輛匯流排1106交換資料資訊。The battery pack 1104 further includes a central electric control unit (CECU) 1122 coupled to the battery unit modules 1120_1~1120_3. The central electronic control unit 1122 can include a processor (eg, a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, or other device that can execute program instructions), and the central electronic control unit 1122 More may include a machine-readable medium that stores machine-executable data and instructions. In one embodiment, the processor of central electronic control unit 1122 executes machine executable instructions stored in a machine readable medium to control battery unit modules 1120_1~1120_3 and exchange material information with vehicle bus 1106.

充電器1102透過充電路徑1162與電池組1104耦接，以對電池組1104充電。在一實施例中，充電器1102包括交流至直流轉換器1112、充電控制模組1114和供電模組1116。當車熄火且交流至直流轉換器1112耦接至可提供交流電壓VAC 的電源埠或專用充電站，透過接通充電開關1172導通充電路徑1162將電池組1104切換到充電模式。在充電模式，交流至直流轉換器1112接收交流電壓VAC ，以產生充電電能對電池組1104中的電池單元充電。充電電能具有充電路徑1162上的充電電壓和流經充電路徑1162的充電電流。The charger 1102 is coupled to the battery pack 1104 through a charging path 1162 to charge the battery pack 1104. In an embodiment, the charger 1102 includes an AC to DC converter 1112, a charging control module 1114, and a power supply module 1116. When the vehicle is turned off and the AC to DC converter 1112 is coupled to a power supply or a dedicated charging station that can provide the AC voltage V AC , the battery pack 1104 is switched to the charging mode by turning on the charging switch 1172 to conduct the charging path 1162. In the charging mode, the AC to DC converter 1112 receives the AC voltage V AC to generate charging power to charge the battery cells in the battery pack 1104. The charging electrical energy has a charging voltage on the charging path 1162 and a charging current flowing through the charging path 1162.

充電控制模組1114與車輛匯流排1106耦接，充電控制模組1114控制交流至直流轉換器1112，並與車輛匯流排1106交換資料資訊。在一實施例中，充電控制模組1114產生表示充電器1102的最大充電電壓和最大充電電流的一驗證信號1152。電池組1104的中央電子控制單元1122透過車輛匯流排1106接收驗證信號1152，並據此判斷充電器1102是否適合對電池組1104充電。The charging control module 1114 is coupled to the vehicle bus 1106, and the charging control module 1114 controls the AC to DC converter 1112 and exchanges information with the vehicle bus 1106. In one embodiment, the charge control module 1114 generates a verification signal 1152 indicative of the maximum charge voltage and maximum charge current of the charger 1102. The central electronic control unit 1122 of the battery pack 1104 receives the verification signal 1152 through the vehicle busbar 1106 and determines whether the charger 1102 is suitable for charging the battery pack 1104.

舉例說明，中央電子控制單元1122的機器可讀介質存儲與電池組1104相關的表示多個充電模式(例如，CC0,CC1,...,CCmax和CV0,CV1,...CVmax’)的充電數據。充電資料包括表示與每個充電模式相關的充電電壓的期望值和充電電流的期望值。在一實施例中，如果充電器1102的最大充電電壓大於每一個充電模式的充電電壓的期望值，並且充電器1102的最大充電電流大於每一個充電模式的充電電流的期望值，中央電子控制單元1122啟動充電操作，例如，透過產生控制信號1150啟動充電操作。By way of example, the machine readable medium of central electronic control unit 1122 stores a charge associated with battery pack 1104 that represents a plurality of charge modes (eg, CC0, CC1, ..., CCmax and CV0, CV1, ... CVmax'). data. The charging profile includes an expected value representing the charging voltage associated with each charging mode and an expected value of the charging current. In an embodiment, if the maximum charging voltage of the charger 1102 is greater than a desired value of the charging voltage for each charging mode, and the maximum charging current of the charger 1102 is greater than a desired value of the charging current for each charging mode, the central electronic control unit 1122 activates The charging operation, for example, initiates a charging operation by generating a control signal 1150.

在一實施例中，如果充電器1102的最大充電電壓小於充電模式的充電電壓的期望值，或者充電器1102的最大充電電流小於充電模式的充電電流的期望值，中央電子控制單元1122產生充電終止信號1154。充電控制模組1114透過車輛匯流排1106接收充電終止信號1154，並相應地終止交流至直流轉換器1112的操作。In an embodiment, if the maximum charging voltage of the charger 1102 is less than the expected value of the charging voltage of the charging mode, or the maximum charging current of the charger 1102 is less than the expected value of the charging current of the charging mode, the central electronic control unit 1122 generates a charging termination signal 1154. . The charge control module 1114 receives the charge termination signal 1154 through the vehicle bus 1106 and terminates the operation of the AC to DC converter 1112 accordingly.

在一實施例中，中央電子控制單元1122監測電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3中的每一個電池單元的狀態，並相應地產生表示充電電能的期望值的控制信號1150。更具體地說，中央電子控制單元1122可以依據每一個電池單元的狀態為電池組1104中的電池單元選擇充電模式。在一實施例中，控制信號1150包括充電控制資料，該充電控制資料表示與所選充電模式相關的參考電壓V_REF和/或參考電流I_REF。In one embodiment, central electronic control unit 1122 monitors the status of each of battery unit modules 1120_1~1120_3 and accordingly generates a control signal 1150 indicative of the desired value of charging power. More specifically, the central electronic control unit 1122 can select a charging mode for the battery cells in the battery pack 1104 depending on the state of each battery unit. In an embodiment, the control signal 1150 includes charge control data indicative of a reference voltage V_REF and/or a reference current I_REF associated with the selected charge mode.

充電控制模組1114透過車輛匯流排1106接收控制信號1150，並相應地調整交流至直流轉換器1112的輸出功率。例如，充電控制模組1114依據參考電壓V_REF和/或參考電流I_REF產生脈衝寬度調變信號，此項操作將結合圖13和圖14進一步描述。The charging control module 1114 receives the control signal 1150 through the vehicle bus 1106 and adjusts the output power of the AC to DC converter 1112 accordingly. For example, the charge control module 1114 generates a pulse width modulation signal based on the reference voltage V_REF and/or the reference current I_REF, which operation will be further described in conjunction with FIGS. 13 and 14.

優點在於，如果充電器1102提供的最大充電電能適合電池組1104，充電器1102可以依據電池組1104提供的控制信號1150對電池單元充電。由於為電池組1104充電的充電模式取決於電池組1104而非充電器1102，充電器1102適用於為不同類型的電池單元充電。此外，可以依據每個電池單元的狀態啟動不同的充電模式。因此，依據圖3、圖4和圖9的描述，所有的電池單元都可以充滿電，並可避免任何異常現象的發生。因此，延長了電池的壽命，並提高了車用電子系統1100的能量效率，並且，減少了對化石燃料的依賴，降低了溫室氣體的排放。An advantage is that if the maximum charging power provided by the charger 1102 is suitable for the battery pack 1104, the charger 1102 can charge the battery unit in accordance with the control signal 1150 provided by the battery pack 1104. Since the charging mode for charging the battery pack 1104 depends on the battery pack 1104 rather than the charger 1102, the charger 1102 is adapted to charge different types of battery cells. In addition, different charging modes can be initiated depending on the state of each battery unit. Therefore, according to the description of Figures 3, 4 and 9, all of the battery cells can be fully charged and any anomalies can be avoided. Therefore, the life of the battery is prolonged, and the energy efficiency of the vehicle electronic system 1100 is improved, and the dependence on fossil fuels is reduced, and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced.

在一實施例中，中央電子控制單元1122更提供表示電池組1104的狀態的電池狀態資料。例如，電池狀態資料表示電池溫度、電池容量和/或電池組1104的電荷狀態(state of charge，SOC)。車輛匯流排1106將電池狀態資料傳送至車輛控制單元1142。相應地，車輛控制單元1142控制儀錶控制單元1138，以將電池的狀態顯示在一個或多個儀錶1140的面板上，例如，儀錶1140可以為電池狀態儀錶。In an embodiment, the central electronic control unit 1122 further provides battery status data indicative of the status of the battery pack 1104. For example, battery status data indicates battery temperature, battery capacity, and/or state of charge (SOC) of battery pack 1104. The vehicle bus 1106 transmits battery status data to the vehicle control unit 1142. Accordingly, the vehicle control unit 1142 controls the meter control unit 1138 to display the status of the battery on the panel of one or more meters 1140, for example, the meter 1140 can be a battery status meter.

在一實施例中，當充電器1102耦接在電源介面或者充電站以對電池組1104充電時，則車需要熄火。換言之，當電池組1104切換到充電模式時，直流至直流轉換器1134停止向車用電子系統1100中的元件提供電能，例如，透過接通充電開關1172以啟動充電路徑1162。優點在於，在充電模式中，充電器1102的供電模組1116與中央電子控制單元1122耦接，以對中央電子控制單元1122提供電壓1156，以驅動中央電子控制單元1122。換言之，中央電子控制單元1122在充電模式和放電模式下分別具有兩個供電電源。若車啟動，且電池組1104工作在放電模式下時，則採用由電池電壓VBAT 轉換來的驅動電壓，以對中央電子控制單元1122供電。若車熄火，且電池組1104工作在充電模式下時，則採用由供電模組1116提供的供電電壓1156，以對中央電子控制單元1122供電。因此，儘管在充電模式下車熄火了，中央電子控制單元1122仍然可以正常工作。電池組1104的操作將在圖12進一步描述。車用電子系統1100可包括其他元件，且不局限於圖11的實施例。In an embodiment, when the charger 1102 is coupled to the power interface or the charging station to charge the battery pack 1104, the vehicle needs to be turned off. In other words, when the battery pack 1104 switches to the charging mode, the DC to DC converter 1134 ceases to provide power to the components in the automotive electronic system 1100, for example, by turning on the charging switch 1172 to initiate the charging path 1162. An advantage is that in the charging mode, the power supply module 1116 of the charger 1102 is coupled to the central electronic control unit 1122 to provide a voltage 1156 to the central electronic control unit 1122 to drive the central electronic control unit 1122. In other words, the central electronic control unit 1122 has two power supplies in the charging mode and the discharging mode, respectively. If the vehicle is activated and the battery pack 1104 is operating in the discharge mode, the drive voltage converted from the battery voltage V BAT is used to power the central electronic control unit 1122. If the vehicle is turned off and the battery pack 1104 is operating in the charging mode, the power supply voltage 1156 provided by the power supply module 1116 is used to power the central electronic control unit 1122. Therefore, although the vehicle is turned off in the charging mode, the central electronic control unit 1122 can still operate normally. The operation of battery pack 1104 will be further described in FIG. The vehicular electronic system 1100 can include other components and is not limited to the embodiment of FIG.

圖12所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池組1104的示意圖。圖12中與圖4和圖11標號相同的元件具有相同的功能。將結合圖3、圖4、圖9和圖11對圖12進行描述。Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of a battery pack 1104 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Elements labeled the same as in Figures 4 and 11 in Figure 12 have the same function. FIG. 12 will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 3, 4, 9, and 11.

在一實施例中，電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3中的每個電池單元模組包括預設數目的電池單元和控制電路。例如，電池單元模組1120_1包括多個電池單元C1 ~C3 及一控制電路1204_1，電池單元模組1120_2包括多個電池單元C4 ~C6 及一控制電路1204_2；電池單元模組1120_3包括多個電池單元C7 ~C9 及一控制電路1204_3。儘管在圖12的實施例中的每個電池單元模組具有3個電池單元，每個電池單元模組可以包含其他數量的電池單元。In one embodiment, each of the battery cell modules 1120_1~1120_3 includes a predetermined number of battery cells and control circuitry. For example, the battery unit module 1120_1 includes a plurality of battery units C 1 -C 3 and a control circuit 1204_1. The battery unit module 1120_2 includes a plurality of battery units C 4 -C 6 and a control circuit 1204_2. The battery unit module 1120_3 includes A plurality of battery cells C 7 to C 9 and a control circuit 1204_3. Although each of the battery cell modules in the embodiment of FIG. 12 has three battery cells, each of the battery cell modules may include other numbers of battery cells.

在一實施例中，控制電路1204_1包括一電池平衡電路428、一監測電路424、一類比數位轉換器1226和本地電子控制單元1228。監測電路424監測電池單元C1 ~C3 中的每個電池單元的狀態(例如，電池單元的電池電壓、電池電流、電池溫度和/或電池容量)，並相應地產生多個監測信號。例如，監測電路424產生表示電池單元C1 ~C3 的每個電池單元的電池電壓的監測信號490_1~490_3、表示電池電流的監測信號492、表示電池溫度的監測信號494和表示電池單元C1 ~C3 的容量的監測信號(圖中未示出)。In one embodiment, control circuit 1204_1 includes a battery balancing circuit 428, a monitoring circuit 424, an analog digital converter 1226, and a local electronic control unit 1228. Cell monitoring circuit 424 monitors the battery state C 1 ~ C 3 of each battery cell (e.g., the battery voltage of the battery cell, battery current, battery temperature and / or battery capacity), and generates a plurality of monitoring signals. For example, the monitoring circuit 424 generates monitoring signals 490_1 - 490_3 indicating the battery voltage of each of the battery cells C 1 - C 3 , a monitoring signal 492 indicating the battery current, a monitoring signal 494 indicating the battery temperature, and a battery cell C 1 Monitoring signal of ~C 3 capacity (not shown).

類比數位轉換器1226與監測電路424耦接，將監測信號490_1~490_3、監測信號492和監測信號494轉換為多個數位信號1230。本地電子控制單元1228與類比數位轉換器1226耦接，接收多個數位信號1230，進而獲取每個電池單元C1 ~C3 的狀態資訊。在一實施例中，與中央電子控制單元1122的結構類似，本地電子控制單元1228包括處理器和機器可讀介質。本地電子控制單元1228執行機器可執行指令，以依據多個數位信號1230控制對應電池單元模組1204_1中的電池單元C1 ~C3 。更具體地說，在一實施例中，本地電子控制單元1228依據電池單元C1 ~C3 的每個電池單元的狀態判斷是否有異常狀態(例如，過壓、過流、過溫和/或過充)發生。如果電池單元1120_1經受異常狀況，本地電子控制單元1228透過控制指令1232控制監測電路424，來保護電池單元C1 ~C3 ，以避免異常狀況的發生。此外，本地電子控制單元1228依據每個電池單元C1 ~C3 的狀態判斷電池單元C1 ~C3 的平衡狀態。在一實施例中，本地電子控制單元1228依據該平衡狀態產生本地平衡信號1234。相應地，平衡電路428平衡電池單元C1 ~C3 。The analog digital converter 1226 is coupled to the monitoring circuit 424 to convert the monitoring signals 490_1 490 490_3, the monitoring signal 492, and the monitoring signal 494 into a plurality of digital signals 1230. The local electronic control unit 1228 is coupled to the analog digital converter 1226 to receive a plurality of digital signals 1230 to obtain status information of each of the battery cells C 1 -C 3 . In an embodiment, similar to the structure of central electronic control unit 1122, local electronic control unit 1228 includes a processor and a machine readable medium. The local electronic control unit 1228 executes machine executable instructions to control the battery cells C 1 -C 3 in the corresponding battery cell module 1204_1 in accordance with the plurality of digital signals 1230. More specifically, in one embodiment, the electronic control unit 1228 based on the local state of the battery cells of each cell C 1 ~ C 3 determines whether there is an abnormal state (e.g., over-voltage, over-current, over-temperature and / or too Charge) occurs. If the battery unit 1120_1 is subjected to an abnormal condition, the local electronic control unit 1228 controls the monitoring circuit 424 through the control command 1232 to protect the battery units C 1 - C 3 to avoid an abnormal condition. Further, the local electronic control unit 1228 determines the balance state of the battery cells C 1 to C 3 in accordance with the state of each of the battery cells C 1 to C 3 . In an embodiment, the local electronic control unit 1228 generates a local balance signal 1234 in accordance with the equilibrium state. Accordingly, the balancing circuit 428 balances the battery cells C 1 -C 3 .

本地電子控制單元1228與中央電子控制單元1122交換資料。例如，本地電子控制單元1228向中央電子控制單元1122提供代表電池單元C1 ~C3 的每個電池單元的狀態的狀態信號。中央電子控制單元1122向本地電子控制單元1228發送控制指令，以控制電池單元模組1120_1。Local electronic control unit 1228 exchanges data with central electronic control unit 1122. For example, the electronic control unit 1228 provides the local representative of the state of the battery cells of each cell C 1 ~ C 3 of the status signal to the central electronic control unit 1122. The central electronic control unit 1122 sends a control command to the local electronic control unit 1228 to control the battery unit module 1120_1.

控制電路1204_2或控制電路1204_3具有與控制電路1204_1相似的結構。因此，中央電子控制單元1122可以依據電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3提供的多個狀態信號獲取電池單元C1 ~C9 的狀態資訊。結合圖11的描述，中央電子控制單元1122依據電池單元C1 ~C9 的每個電池單元的狀態產生控制信號1150，以調整充電器1102的輸出功率。The control circuit 1204_2 or the control circuit 1204_3 has a similar structure to the control circuit 1204_1. Therefore, the central electronic control unit 1122 can obtain the status information of the battery units C 1 -C 9 according to the plurality of status signals provided by the battery unit modules 1120_1~1120_3. Described in conjunction with FIG. 11, the central electronic control unit 1122 generates a control signal based on the state of the battery cells 1150 each cell C 1 ~ C 9 to adjust the output power charger 1102.

在一實施例中，中央電子控制單元1122依據每個電池單元C1 ~C9 的狀態確定電池單元C1 ~C9 的平衡狀態。中央電子控制單元1122依據該平衡狀態產生多個中央平衡信號，分別傳送給電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3。每個中央平衡信號透過對應的本地電子控制單元傳送至對應的平衡電路。因此，電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3中的平衡電路依據各自的中央平衡信號平衡電池單元C1 ~C9 。In one embodiment, the central electronic control unit 1122 determines that the battery cells C 1 ~ C 9 equilibrium state depending on the state of each battery cell of C 1 ~ C 9. The central electronic control unit 1122 generates a plurality of central balance signals according to the balanced state, and transmits the signals to the battery unit modules 1120_1~1120_3. Each central balance signal is transmitted to a corresponding balancing circuit through a corresponding local electronic control unit. Thus, in the battery cell unit 1120_1 ~ 1120_3 balancing circuit according to a balanced signal to their central balancing battery cells C 1 ~ C 9.

優點在於，電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3可分別放置在不同的電池組中，且每個電池單元模組均具有本地電子控制單元來管理對應的電池單元。因此，電池組1104雖然可能有相對多的電池單元，但不同電池組與中央電子控制單元1122之間的線路耦接可得到簡化，因此，降低了電池組1104的複雜度。此外，本地電子控制單元管理對應的電池模組中的電池單元，中央電子控制單元管理所有電池模組中的電池單元。因此，中央電子控制單元和本地電子控制單元的工作負荷都處於一個合理的範圍，因此，降低了中央電子控制單元和本地電子控制單元的工作電壓，進而降低了電池組1104的功率損耗。此外，中央電子控制單元和本地電子控制單元之間的協作提高了電源管理的效率。The advantage is that the battery unit modules 1120_1~1120_3 can be respectively placed in different battery groups, and each battery unit module has a local electronic control unit to manage the corresponding battery unit. Therefore, although the battery pack 1104 may have a relatively large number of battery cells, the line coupling between the different battery packs and the central electronic control unit 1122 can be simplified, thereby reducing the complexity of the battery pack 1104. In addition, the local electronic control unit manages the battery cells in the corresponding battery modules, and the central electronic control unit manages the battery cells in all the battery modules. Therefore, the workloads of the central electronic control unit and the local electronic control unit are all within a reasonable range, thereby reducing the operating voltage of the central electronic control unit and the local electronic control unit, thereby reducing the power loss of the battery pack 1104. In addition, the collaboration between the central electronic control unit and the local electronic control unit increases the efficiency of power management.

圖13所示為依據本發明一實施例的充電器1102的示意圖。圖13中與圖11標號相同的元件具有相同的功能。圖13將結合圖11進行描述。在圖13的實施例中，充電器1102包括交流至直流轉換器1112、充電控制模組1114和供電模組1116。FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a charger 1102 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Elements labeled the same as in Fig. 11 in Fig. 13 have the same functions. Figure 13 will be described in conjunction with Figure 11. In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the charger 1102 includes an AC to DC converter 1112, a charging control module 1114, and a power supply module 1116.

交流至直流轉換器1112將在充電路徑1162上的輸入的交流電能轉換為充電電能。在一實施例中，交流至直流轉換器1112包括一整流電路1332、一功率因數修正器(power factor corrector，PFC)1334和一直流至直流轉換器1336。整流電路1332可包括一整流器和一濾波器。整流器可以是且不限於一半波整流器、一全波整流器或一橋式整流器。整流器整流輸入之一交流電壓VAC ，以提供一整流交流電壓VREC 。濾波器可以是低通濾波器，以過濾整流交流電壓VREC ，來平滑整流交流電壓VREC 的漣波。The AC to DC converter 1112 converts the input AC power on the charging path 1162 into charging power. In one embodiment, the AC to DC converter 1112 includes a rectifier circuit 1332, a power factor corrector (PFC) 1334, and a DC to DC converter 1336. The rectifier circuit 1332 can include a rectifier and a filter. The rectifier can be, without limitation, a half wave rectifier, a full wave rectifier, or a bridge rectifier. The rectifier rectifies one of the AC voltages V AC to provide a rectified AC voltage V REC . The filter may be a low pass filter to filter the rectified AC voltage V REC to smooth the chopping of the rectified AC voltage V REC .

功率因數修正器1334調整從整流電路1332流入功率因數修正器1334的電流IREC ，以使電流IREC 與電壓VREC 大致同相。透過這種方式，交流至直流轉換器1112的功率因數可被修正，進而提高交流至直流轉換器1112的能量效率。直流至直流轉換器1336接收來自充電控制模組1114的脈衝信號1326(例如，脈衝寬度調變信號)，並相應地將整流交流電壓VREC 轉換為充電電壓。在一實施例中，直流至直流轉換器1336可為開關模式轉換器，例如，升壓轉換器、降壓轉換器、升-降壓轉換器和反馳式轉換器。在一實施例中，充電路徑1162上的充電電能(例如，充電電壓乘以充電電流的結果)由脈衝信號1326的責任週期決定。Power factor correction adjusting current I REC 1334 flows from the power factor correction 13321334 rectifier circuit so that the current I REC and substantially in phase with voltage V REC. In this manner, the power factor of the AC to DC converter 1112 can be corrected to increase the energy efficiency of the AC to DC converter 1112. The DC to DC converter 1336 receives a pulse signal 1326 (eg, a pulse width modulation signal) from the charge control module 1114 and correspondingly converts the rectified AC voltage V REC to a charge voltage. In an embodiment, the DC to DC converter 1336 can be a switch mode converter, such as a boost converter, a buck converter, a step-up converter, and a flyback converter. In one embodiment, the charging power on the charging path 1162 (eg, the result of charging voltage multiplied by the charging current) is determined by the duty cycle of the pulse signal 1326.

在一實施例中，直流至直流轉換器1336產生表示充電電壓的電壓感應信號VV_SEN 和表示充電電流的電流感應信號VI_SEN 。例如，電壓感應信號VV_SEN 與充電電壓成比例，電流感應信號VI_SEN 與充電電流成比例。In one embodiment, the DC to DC converter 1336 generates a voltage sense signal V V — SEN indicative of the charge voltage and a current sense signal V I — SEN indicative of the charge current. For example, the voltage sense signal V V — SEN is proportional to the charging voltage, and the current sense signal V I — SEN is proportional to the charging current.

充電控制模組1114依據控制信號1150產生一脈衝信號1326。在一實施例中，充電控制模組1114包括一處理器1308、一數位類比轉換器1304、一數位類比轉換器1306和一脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302。處理器1308可為一中央處理器(central processing unit,CPU)、一微處理器、一數位信號處理器或其他可以執行程式指令的設備。在一實施例中，處理器1308可執行存儲在機器可讀介質中的機器可執行指令，以產生一驗證信號1152及接收一控制信號1150。此外，處理器1308從控制信號1150中獲取充電控制資料。如圖11所述，充電控制資料包括表示與參考電壓V_REF有關的充電電壓的資料和表示與參考電流I_REF有關的充電電流的資料。處理器1308產生一數位參考電壓信號1322和數位參考電流信號1324。數位類比轉換器1304可以將數位參考電壓信號1322轉換為表示參考電壓V_REF的電壓信號VV_REF 。例如，電壓信號VV_REF 與參考電壓V_REF成比例。數位類比轉換器1306將數位參考電流信號1324轉換為表示參考電流I_REF的電壓信號VI_REF 。例如，電壓信號VI_REF 與參考電流I_REF成比例。The charging control module 1114 generates a pulse signal 1326 according to the control signal 1150. In one embodiment, the charge control module 1114 includes a processor 1308, a digital analog converter 1304, a digital analog converter 1306, and a pulse width modulation signal generator 1302. The processor 1308 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, or other device that can execute program instructions. In an embodiment, processor 1308 can execute machine executable instructions stored in a machine readable medium to generate a verification signal 1152 and receive a control signal 1150. Additionally, processor 1308 retrieves charge control data from control signal 1150. As shown in FIG. 11, the charge control data includes data indicating a charging voltage associated with the reference voltage V_REF and data indicating a charging current associated with the reference current I_REF. Processor 1308 generates a digital reference voltage signal 1322 and a digital reference current signal 1324. The digital analog converter 1304 can convert the digital reference voltage signal 1322 into a voltage signal V V — REF representative of the reference voltage V_REF . For example, the voltage signal V V — REF is proportional to the reference voltage V_REF. The digital analog converter 1306 converts the digital reference current signal 1324 into a voltage signal V I — REF representing the reference current I_REF . For example, a voltage signal V I_REF I_REF proportional to the reference current.

脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302透過數位類比轉換器1304和數位類比轉換器1306與處理器1308耦接，接收電壓信號VV_REF 、電壓信號VI_REF 、電壓感應信號VV_SEN 和電流感應信號VI_SEN 。相應地，脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302調整脈衝信號1326的責任週期，以確定充電電能的大小。因此，依據控制信號1150可以實現各種充電模式，其中，控制信號1150是中央電子控制單元1122基於電池單元C1 ~C9 的狀態產生的。脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302的操作將在圖14中作進一步描述。充電器1102還可以具有其他結構，並不局限於圖14的實施例。The pulse width modulation signal generator 1302 is coupled to the processor 1308 via a digital analog converter 1304 and a digital analog converter 1306, and receives a voltage signal V V — REF , a voltage signal V I — REF , a voltage sensing signal V V — SEN , and a current sensing signal V I — SEN . Accordingly, the pulse width modulation signal generator 1302 adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse signal 1326 to determine the magnitude of the charging power. Thus, according to the control signal 1150 may implement various charging mode, wherein the control signal 1150 is a central electronic control unit 1122 based on the state of the battery cell C 1 ~ C 9 generated. The operation of pulse width modulation signal generator 1302 will be further described in FIG. The charger 1102 can also have other configurations and is not limited to the embodiment of FIG.

如圖13所示，充電模式是由電池組1104中的中央電子控制單元1122來選擇的。因此，現有技術的充電器1102中的確定充電模式的元件，例如，圖1中的充電控制器110和圖2中的充電控制器210在本實施例中可以從充電器1102中去除，進而簡化了充電器1102的結構且降低了充電器1102的成本。As shown in FIG. 13, the charging mode is selected by the central electronic control unit 1122 in the battery pack 1104. Therefore, the components of the prior art charger 1102 that determine the charging mode, for example, the charging controller 110 of FIG. 1 and the charging controller 210 of FIG. 2 can be removed from the charger 1102 in the present embodiment, thereby simplifying The structure of the charger 1102 is reduced and the cost of the charger 1102 is reduced.

圖14所示為依據本發明一實施例的脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302的結構示意圖。圖14中與圖13標號相同的元件具有相同的功能。圖14將結合圖11至圖13進行描述。在圖14的實施例中，脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302包括誤差放大器1402和誤差放大器1403、二極體1406和二極體1408、電容1412、電流源1410和比較器1424。FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the structure of a pulse width modulation signal generator 1302 according to an embodiment of the invention. Elements labeled the same as in Fig. 13 in Fig. 14 have the same function. FIG. 14 will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 11 to 13. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, pulse width modulation signal generator 1302 includes error amplifier 1402 and error amplifier 1403, diode 1406 and diode 1408, capacitor 1412, current source 1410, and comparator 1424.

在一實施例中，誤差放大器1402比較表示充電電壓的電壓感應信號VV_SEN 和表示參考電壓V_REF的電壓信號VV_REF 的大小。誤差放大器1402的輸出埠透過二極體1406與節點1430耦接。誤差放大器1402的輸出電壓是由VV_SEN 和VV_REF 之間的比較結果決定的。如果VV_SEN 等於VV_REF ，誤差放大器1402的輸出電壓等於0伏。如果VV_SEN 大於VV_REF ，誤差放大器1402的輸出電壓為負。如果VV_SEN 小於VV_REF ，誤差放大器1402的輸出電壓為正。此外，本發明實施例中的誤差放大器1402也可稱為第一誤差放大器。In one embodiment, the comparison error amplifier 1402 indicates the charging voltage of the induced voltage signal V V_SEN represents the magnitude of the voltage signal V and the reference voltage V_REF is V_REF. The output of the error amplifier 1402 is coupled to the node 1430 via the diode 1406. The output voltage of the error amplifier 1402 is determined by the comparison between V V_SEN and V V_REF . If V V_SEN is equal to V V — REF , the output voltage of error amplifier 1402 is equal to 0 volts. If V V_SEN is greater than V V — REF , the output voltage of error amplifier 1402 is negative. If V V_SEN is less than V V — REF , the output voltage of error amplifier 1402 is positive. Furthermore, the error amplifier 1402 in the embodiment of the present invention may also be referred to as a first error amplifier.

同理，誤差放大器1403比較表示充電電流的電流感應信號VI_SEN 和表示參考電流I_REF的電壓信號VI_REF 之間的大小。誤差放大器1403的輸出埠透過二極體1408與節點1430耦接。誤差放大器1403的輸出電壓是由VI_SEN 和VI_REF 之間的比較結果決定的。如果VI_SEN 等於VI_REF ，誤差放大器1403的輸出電壓等於0伏。如果VI_SEN 大於VI_REF ，誤差放大器1403的輸出電壓為負。如果VI_SEN 小於VI_REF ，誤差放大器1403的輸出電壓為正。此外，本發明實施例中的誤差放大器1403也可稱為第二誤差放大器。Similarly, the comparison error amplifier 1403 indicates a current sensing signal V I_SEN represents the magnitude of the charging current and the voltage between the reference current signal V I_REF the I_REF. The output of the error amplifier 1403 is coupled to the node 1430 via the diode 1408. The output voltage of the error amplifier 1403 is determined by the comparison between V I_SEN and V I_REF . If V I_SEN equals V I_REF, the output voltage of the error amplifier 1403 is equal to 0 volts. If V I_SEN greater than V I_REF, the output voltage of error amplifier 1403 is negative. If less than V I_SEN V I_REF, the output voltage of error amplifier 1403 is positive. In addition, the error amplifier 1403 in the embodiment of the present invention may also be referred to as a second error amplifier.

電流源1410與節點1430耦接，產生電流I1。電容1412與節點1430耦接，在節點1430處提供節點電壓VNODE 。節點電壓VNODE 隨著電容1412的電荷量的變化發生變化。例如，當電容1412充電時，節點電壓VNODE 增大；當電容1412放電時，節點電壓VNODE 減小。Current source 1410 is coupled to node 1430 to produce current I1. Capacitor 1412 is coupled to node 1430, which provides a node voltage V NODE at node 1430. The node voltage V NODE changes as the amount of charge of the capacitor 1412 changes. For example, when capacitor 1412 is charging, node voltage V NODE increases; when capacitor 1412 is discharged, node voltage V NODE decreases.

比較器1424產生脈衝信號1326，例如，脈衝寬度調變信號。比較器1424的非反相輸入端接收節點電壓VNODE 。比較器1424的反相輸入端接收鋸齒波電壓信號1422。比較器1424比較鋸齒波電壓信號1422和節點電壓VNODE 的大小，並依據比較結果產生脈衝信號1326。在圖14的實施例中，如果在節點1430處的節點電壓VNODE 增加，脈衝信號1326的責任週期增加。同理，如果在節點1430處的節點電壓VNODE 減小，脈衝信號1326的責任週期減小。Comparator 1424 generates pulse signal 1326, such as a pulse width modulation signal. The non-inverting input of comparator 1424 receives the node voltage V NODE . The inverting input of comparator 1424 receives sawtooth voltage signal 1422. The comparator 1424 compares the magnitude of the sawtooth voltage signal 1422 and the node voltage V NODE and generates a pulse signal 1326 based on the comparison. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, if the node voltage VNODE at node 1430 increases, the duty cycle of pulse signal 1326 increases. Similarly, if the node voltage V NODE at node 1430 decreases, the duty cycle of pulse signal 1326 decreases.

在工作中，脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302透過調整脈衝信號1326的責任週期調整充電電能，以在不同的充電模式下對電池組充電。以下的描述將假設提供給充電路徑1162的充電電能的值是隨著脈衝信號1326的責任週期的增加而增加的。脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302可啟動直流至直流轉換器1336，使直流至直流轉換器1336在定電流模式下為電池組1104充電。其中，在定電流模式下，充電電流保持定，而充電電壓增大且小於V_REF。中央電子控制單元1122提供控制信號1150，控制信號1150包含有表示參考電壓V_REF和參考電流I_REF的充電控制資料。如果充電電壓小於參考電壓V_REF，例如，VV_SEN <V_REF，誤差放大器1402的輸出電壓為正，進而使二極體1406反相偏置。In operation, the pulse width modulation signal generator 1302 adjusts the charging power by adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse signal 1326 to charge the battery pack in different charging modes. The following description will assume that the value of the charging power supplied to the charging path 1162 increases as the duty cycle of the pulse signal 1326 increases. Pulse width modulated signal generator 1302 can activate DC to DC converter 1336 to cause DC to DC converter 1336 to charge battery pack 1104 in constant current mode. Among them, in the constant current mode, the charging current remains constant, and the charging voltage increases and is less than V_REF. The central electronic control unit 1122 provides a control signal 1150 that includes charging control data representative of the reference voltage V_REF and the reference current I_REF. If the charging voltage is less than the reference voltage V_REF, for example, V V_SEN <V_REF, the output voltage of the error amplifier 1402 is positive, thereby inverting the biasing of the diode 1406.

同時，誤差放大器1403保持充電電流與參考電流I_REF大致相等。例如，如果VI_SEN 大於VI_REF ，表示充電電流大於I_REF，二極體1408正向偏置，以吸收電流I1並使電容1412放電。因此，節點電壓VNODE 減小，進而減小脈衝信號1326的責任週期。結果，充電電能減小，進而使充電電流減小。如果VI_SEN 小於VI_REF ，表示充電電流小於I_REF，二極體1408反向偏置。電流I1對電容1412充電，以增加節點電壓VNODE 。結果，充電電能增加，進而使充電電流增加。如果VI_SEN 等於VI_REF ，表示充電電流等於I_REF，二極體1408進入平衡狀態，進而啟動流經二極體1408的電流I2，並且電流I2小於電流I1。因此，小於電流I1的電流I3(例如，I3=I1-I2)為電容1412充電。因此，充電電能按照預設速率增加，以滿足在定電流模式下增加充電電壓的需要。充電控制模組1114可以控制充電器1102在其他充電模式(例如，定電壓模式和預充電模式)為電池組1104充電。At the same time, the error amplifier 1403 maintains the charging current substantially equal to the reference current I_REF. For example, if V I_SEN greater than V I_REF, I_REF of charge current is greater than, two diode 1408 is forward biased, the current I1 to absorb and discharge the capacitor 1412. Therefore, the node voltage V NODE is reduced, thereby reducing the duty cycle of the pulse signal 1326. As a result, the charging power is reduced, thereby reducing the charging current. If less than V I_SEN V I_REF, charge current is less than the I_REF, 1408 two reverse biased diodes. Current I1 charges capacitor 1412 to increase node voltage V NODE . As a result, the charging power is increased, which in turn causes the charging current to increase. If V I_SEN equals V I_REF, equal I_REF of charge current, diode 1408 into balance, and thus a current I2 starts to flow through diodes 1408, and a current I2 smaller than the current I1. Therefore, current I3 (eg, I3=I1-I2) that is less than current I1 charges capacitor 1412. Therefore, the charging power is increased at a preset rate to meet the need to increase the charging voltage in the constant current mode. The charge control module 1114 can control the charger 1102 to charge the battery pack 1104 in other charging modes (eg, constant voltage mode and pre-charge mode).

圖15所示為本發明一實施例的車用電子系統1100的方法流程圖1500。圖15將結合圖3至圖14進行描述。圖15所涵蓋的具體步驟僅僅作為示例。換言之，本發明適用於其他合理的流程或對圖15進行改進的步驟。FIG. 15 is a flow chart 1500 of a method of a vehicle electronic system 1100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 will be described in conjunction with Figures 3 through 14. The specific steps covered in Figure 15 are merely examples. In other words, the present invention is applicable to other reasonable processes or steps for improving FIG.

在步驟1502中，產生表示充電器(例如，充電器1102)的最大充電電壓和最大充電電流的驗證信號(例如，驗證信號1152)。In step 1502, a verification signal (eg, verification signal 1152) indicative of the maximum charging voltage and the maximum charging current of the charger (eg, charger 1102) is generated.

在步驟1504中，依據電池組中的多個電池單元(例如，電池組1104中的電池單元C1 ~C9 )的每個電池單元的狀態產生控制信號(例如，控制信號1150)。在一實施例中，如果驗證信號表示充電器適合對電池組充電，則產生控制信號。在一實施例中，如果驗證信號表示充電器不適合對電池組充電，則產生終止信號，以停止充電器的操作。在一實施例中，電子控制單元(例如，中央電子控制單元1122)接收來自多個電池模組(例如，電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3)的多個狀態信號，並依據多個狀態信號產生控制信號。每個電池單元模組包括各自數目的電池單元。每個狀態信號表示該各自數目的電池單元的每一個電池單元的狀態。在一實施例中，當車熄火時，充電器提供供電電壓(例如，供電電壓1156)，以供電給電子控制單元。在一實施例中，當車啟動時，將電池電壓轉換為第一驅動電壓，以對電子控制單元供電並給蓄電池(例如，蓄電池1136)充電。當車熄火時，蓄電池提供第二驅動電壓，以對車中的元件供電。In step 1504, the battery pack according to a plurality of battery cells (e.g., cell C 1 ~ C 9 of the battery pack 1104) a state of each cell generates a control signal (e.g., control signal 1150). In an embodiment, a control signal is generated if the verification signal indicates that the charger is suitable for charging the battery pack. In an embodiment, if the verification signal indicates that the charger is not suitable for charging the battery pack, a termination signal is generated to stop the operation of the charger. In one embodiment, an electronic control unit (eg, central electronic control unit 1122) receives a plurality of status signals from a plurality of battery modules (eg, battery unit modules 1120_1~1120_3) and generates control based on the plurality of status signals. signal. Each battery cell module includes a respective number of battery cells. Each status signal represents the status of each of the battery cells of the respective number of battery cells. In one embodiment, when the vehicle is turned off, the charger provides a supply voltage (eg, supply voltage 1156) to power the electronic control unit. In an embodiment, when the vehicle is started, the battery voltage is converted to a first drive voltage to power the electronic control unit and charge the battery (eg, battery 1136). When the car is turned off, the battery provides a second drive voltage to power the components in the car.

在步驟1506中，當車熄火時，充電器(例如，充電器1102)依據控制信號產生充電電能，以對電池組充電。在一實施例中，從控制信號中接收與充電電能的充電電壓有關的參考電壓和與充電電能有關的參考電流，依據參考電壓和參考電流產生脈衝信號(例如，脈衝信號1326)。更具體地說，依據充電電壓和參考電壓的比較結果及依據充電電流和參考電流的比較結果，調整節點(例如，節點1430)上的節點電壓，進而依據節點電壓產生脈衝信號。In step 1506, when the vehicle is turned off, the charger (eg, charger 1102) generates charging power in accordance with the control signal to charge the battery pack. In one embodiment, a reference voltage associated with a charging voltage of the charging electrical energy and a reference current associated with the charging electrical energy are received from the control signal, and a pulse signal (eg, pulse signal 1326) is generated in accordance with the reference voltage and the reference current. More specifically, based on the comparison result of the charging voltage and the reference voltage and the comparison result of the charging current and the reference current, the node voltage on the node (for example, the node 1430) is adjusted, thereby generating a pulse signal according to the node voltage.

在步驟1508中，當車啟動時，來自電池組的電池電壓將對發動機(例如，發動機1110)進行供電。In step 1508, when the vehicle is started, the battery voltage from the battery pack will power the engine (eg, engine 1110).

在步驟1510中，透過車中的匯流排(例如，匯流排1106)將控制信號從電池組傳送至充電器。In step 1510, a control signal is transmitted from the battery pack to the charger via a busbar (eg, busbar 1106) in the vehicle.

在步驟1512中，將電池組的狀態顯示在車的儀錶面板上。In step 1512, the status of the battery pack is displayed on the instrument panel of the vehicle.

在步驟1514中，透過用戶介面與用戶互動，以控制電池組和充電器。In step 1514, the user interface is interacted with the user to control the battery pack and the charger.

在步驟1516中，透過執行多個步驟控制發動機。該多個步驟包括啟動和停止發動機、選擇發動機的轉動方向、調整發動機的轉動速率、調整轉矩或保護發動機以避免超載或錯誤的發生。In step 1516, the engine is controlled by performing a plurality of steps. The multiple steps include starting and stopping the engine, selecting the direction of rotation of the engine, adjusting the rate of rotation of the engine, adjusting the torque, or protecting the engine to avoid overload or erroneous occurrence.

與現有技術相比，本發明的電池管理系統實現了依據每個電池單元的狀態選擇不同的充電模式。因此，所有的電池單元都可以充滿電，以防止不良狀態的發生，進而可以延長電池的壽命，並提高了電池管理系統的能量效率。Compared with the prior art, the battery management system of the present invention realizes selecting different charging modes depending on the state of each battery unit. Therefore, all of the battery cells can be fully charged to prevent a bad condition, which can extend the life of the battery and improve the energy efficiency of the battery management system.

上文具體實施方式和附圖僅為本發明之常用實施例。顯然，在不脫離申請專利範圍所界定的本發明精神和發明範圍的前提下可以有各種增補、修改和替換。本領域技術人員應該理解，本發明在實際應用中可依據具體的環境和工作要求在不背離發明準則的前提下在形式、結構、佈局、比例、材料、元件、元件及其它方面有所變化。因此，在此披露之實施例僅說明而非限制，本發明之範圍由後附申請專利範圍及其合法等同物界定，而不限於此前之描述。The above detailed description and the accompanying drawings are only typical embodiments of the invention. It is apparent that various additions, modifications and substitutions are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified in form, structure, arrangement, ratio, material, component, component, and other aspects without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein are to be construed as illustrative and not restricting

100．．．電池充電電路100. . . Battery charging circuit

102．．．適配器102. . . adapter

104．．．電池組104. . . Battery

106．．．充電器106. . . charger

108．．．脈衝寬度調變控制器108. . . Pulse width modulation controller

110．．．充電控制器110. . . Charge controller

112．．．控制模組112. . . Control module

200．．．電池充電電路200. . . Battery charging circuit

202．．．適配器202. . . adapter

204．．．電池組204. . . Battery

210．．．充電控制器210. . . Charge controller

212．．．開關212. . . switch

300．．．電池管理系統300. . . Battery management system

302．．．適配器302. . . adapter

304．．．電池組304. . . Battery

306．．．充電開關306. . . Charging switch

308．．．放電開關308. . . Discharge switch

310_1~310_N．．．電池單元310_1~310_N. . . Battery unit

320．．．控制電路320. . . Control circuit

340．．．輸出端340. . . Output

350．．．控制信號350. . . control signal

400．．．電池管理系統400. . . Battery management system

410_1~410_3．．．開關410_1~410_3. . . switch

424．．．監控電路424. . . Supervisory circuit

426．．．指令轉換器426. . . Command converter

428．．．電池平衡電路428. . . Battery balancing circuit

430．．．充電開關430. . . Charging switch

432．．．放電開關432. . . Discharge switch

470．．．感應電阻470. . . Inductive resistance

472．．．溫度感測器472. . . Temperature sensor

480．．．脈衝寬度調變信號產生器480. . . Pulse width modulation signal generator

490_1~490_3．．．監測信號490_1~490_3. . . Monitoring signal

492．．．監測信號492. . . Monitoring signal

494．．．監測信號494. . . Monitoring signal

500．．．電池管理系統執行的方法500. . . Battery management system implementation method

502~530．．．步驟502~530. . . step

600．．．電池管理系統執行的方法600. . . Battery management system implementation method

602~636．．．步驟602~636. . . step

700．．．電池管理系統執行的方法700. . . Battery management system implementation method

702~728．．．步驟702~728. . . step

800．．．電池管理系統執行的方法800. . . Battery management system implementation method

802~806．．．步驟802~806. . . step

900．．．電源管理系統900. . . Power management system

902．．．適配器902. . . adapter

904．．．電池組904. . . Battery

910．．．系統負載910. . . System load

920．．．電池控制器920. . . Battery controller

940．．．感應電阻940. . . Inductive resistance

950．．．控制信號950. . . control signal

952．．．功率識別信號952. . . Power identification signal

960．．．開關960. . . switch

1000．．．電池控制器的執行方法1000. . . Battery controller execution method

1002~1008．．．步驟1002~1008. . . step

1100．．．車用電子系統1100. . . Vehicle electronic system

1102．．．充電器1102. . . charger

1104．．．電池組1104. . . Battery

1106．．．車輛匯流排1106. . . Vehicle bus

1108．．．逆變器1108. . . Inverter

1110．．．發動機1110. . . engine

1112．．．交流至直流轉換器1112. . . AC to DC converter

1114．．．充電控制模組1114. . . Charging control module

1116．．．供電模組1116. . . Power supply module

1120_1~1120_3．．．電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3. . . Battery unit module

1122．．．中央電子控制單元1122. . . Central electronic control unit

1132．．．發動機驅動處理單元1132. . . Engine drive processing unit

1134．．．直流至直流轉換器1134. . . DC to DC converter

1136．．．蓄電池1136. . . Battery

1138．．．儀錶控制單元1138. . . Instrument control unit

1140．．．儀錶1140. . . meter

1142．．．車輛控制單元1142. . . Vehicle control unit

1144．．．用戶介面1144. . . User interface

1150．．．控制信號1150. . . control signal

1152．．．驗證信號1152. . . Verification signal

1154．．．終止信號1154. . . Termination signal

1156．．．電壓1156. . . Voltage

1160．．．放電路徑1160. . . Discharge path

1162．．．充電路徑1162. . . Charging path

1170．．．放電開關1170. . . Discharge switch

1172．．．充電開關1172. . . Charging switch

1204_1~1024_3．．．控制電路1204_1~1024_3. . . Control circuit

1226．．．類比數位轉換器1226. . . Analog digital converter

1228．．．本地電子控制單元1228. . . Local electronic control unit

1230．．．數位信號1230. . . Digital signal

1232．．．控制指令1232. . . Control instruction

1234．．．本地平衡信號1234. . . Local balance signal

1302．．．脈衝寬度調變信號產生器1302. . . Pulse width modulation signal generator

1304．．．數位類比轉換器1304. . . Digital analog converter

1306．．．數位類比轉換器1306. . . Digital analog converter

1308．．．處理器1308. . . processor

1322．．．數位參考電壓信號1322. . . Digital reference voltage signal

1324．．．數位參考電流信號1324. . . Digital reference current signal

1326．．．脈衝信號1326. . . Pulse signal

1332．．．整流電路1332. . . Rectifier circuit

1334．．．功率因數修正器1334. . . Power factor corrector

1336．．．直流至直流轉換器1336. . . DC to DC converter

1402．．．誤差放大器1402. . . Error amplifier

1403．．．誤差放大器1403. . . Error amplifier

1406．．．二極體1406. . . Dipole

1408．．．二極體1408. . . Dipole

1410．．．電流源1410. . . Battery

1412．．．電容1412. . . capacitance

1422．．．鋸齒波電壓信號1422. . . Sawtooth voltage signal

1424．．．比較器1424. . . Comparators

1430．．．節點1430. . . node

1500．．．車用電子系統的方法1500. . . Vehicle electronic system method

1502~1516．．．步驟1502~1516. . . step

C1 ~C9 ．．．電池單元C 1 ~ C 9 . . . Battery unit

I1．．．電流I1. . . Current

VAC ．．．交流電壓V AC . . . AC voltage

VBAT ．．．電池電壓V BAT . . . battery voltage

VDRV ．．．交流電壓V DRV . . . AC voltage

VI_SEN ．．．電流感應信號V I_SEN . . . Current sense signal

VI_REF ．．．電壓信號V I_REF . . . Voltage signal

VNODE ．．．節點電壓V NODE . . . Node voltage

VV_SEN ．．．電壓感應信號V V_SEN . . . Voltage sensing signal

VV_REF ．．．電壓信號V V_REF . . . Voltage signal

以下結合附圖和具體實施例對本發明的技術方法進行詳細的描述，以使本發明的簽章和優點更為明顯。其中：The technical method of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to make the signature and advantages of the present invention more obvious. among them:

圖1所示為一種傳統的電池充電電路的示意圖；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional battery charging circuit;

圖2所示為另一種傳統的電池充電電路的示意圖；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another conventional battery charging circuit;

圖3所示為本發明一實施例的電池管理系統的示意圖；3 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

圖4所示為本發明另一實施例的電池管理系統的示意圖；4 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

圖5所示為依據本發明實施例的電池管理系統執行的方法流程圖；5 is a flow chart showing a method performed by a battery management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

圖6所示為依據本發明另一實施例的電池管理系統執行的方法流程圖；6 is a flow chart showing a method performed by a battery management system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

圖7所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池管理系統執行的另一種方法流程圖；7 is a flow chart showing another method performed by the battery management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

圖8所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池管理系統執行的另一方法流程圖；8 is a flow chart showing another method performed by the battery management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

圖9所示為依據本發明一實施例的電源管理系統的示意圖；FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG.

圖10所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池控制器執行的方法流程圖；10 is a flow chart showing a method performed by a battery controller in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

圖11所示為依據本發明一實施例的具有電池管理功能的車用電子系統的示意圖；FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle electronic system having a battery management function according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG.

圖12所示為依據本發明一實施例的電池組的示意圖；Figure 12 is a schematic view of a battery pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

圖13所示為依據一本發明實施例的充電器的示意圖；FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a charger according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG.

圖14所示為依據本發明實施例的脈衝寬度調變信號產生器的示意圖；以及14 is a schematic diagram of a pulse width modulation signal generator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

圖15所示為依據本發明一實施例的車用電子系統的方法流程圖。15 is a flow chart of a method of a vehicle electronic system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

1100．．．車用電子系統1100. . . Vehicle electronic system

1102．．．充電器1102. . . charger

1104．．．電池組1104. . . Battery

1106．．．車輛匯流排1106. . . Vehicle bus

1108．．．逆變器1108. . . Inverter

1110．．．發動機1110. . . engine

1112．．．交流至直流轉換器1112. . . AC to DC converter

1114．．．充電控制模組1114. . . Charging control module

1116．．．供電模組1116. . . Power supply module

1120_1~1120_3．．．電池單元模組1120_1~1120_3. . . Battery unit module

1122．．．中央電子控制單元1122. . . Central electronic control unit

1132．．．發動機驅動處理單元1132. . . Engine drive processing unit

1134．．．直流至直流轉換器1134. . . DC to DC converter

1136．．．蓄電池1136. . . Battery

1138．．．儀錶控制單元1138. . . Instrument control unit

1140．．．儀錶1140. . . meter

1142．．．車輛控制單元1142. . . Vehicle control unit

1144．．．用戶介面1144. . . User interface

1150．．．控制信號1150. . . control signal

1152．．．驗證信號1152. . . Verification signal

1154．．．終止信號1154. . . Termination signal

1156．．．電壓1156. . . Voltage

VAC ．．．交流電壓V AC . . . AC voltage

VBAT ．．．電池電壓V BAT . . . battery voltage

VDRV ．．．交流電壓V DRV . . . AC voltage

Claims (19)

一種電池管理系統，包括：一發動機，驅動一車；一充電器，依據一控制信號產生一充電電能，包括一充電控制模組，產生表示該充電器的一最大充電電壓和一最大充電電流的一驗證信號；一電池組，與該充電器及該發動機耦接，接收該驗證信號，依據該電池組中的多個電池單元中的每個電池單元的一狀態產生該控制信號，其中，當該車熄火時，則該電池組透過一充電路徑接收該充電電能，當該車啟動時，該電池組透過一放電路徑對該發動機供電；以及一匯流排，與該充電器和該電池組耦接，以將該控制信號從該電池組傳送至該充電器。 A battery management system includes: an engine driving a vehicle; a charger generating a charging power according to a control signal, including a charging control module, generating a maximum charging voltage and a maximum charging current indicating the charger a verification signal; a battery pack coupled to the charger and the engine, receiving the verification signal, generating the control signal according to a state of each of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack, wherein When the vehicle is turned off, the battery pack receives the charging power through a charging path. When the vehicle is started, the battery pack supplies power to the engine through a discharge path; and a bus bar is coupled to the charger and the battery pack. Connected to transfer the control signal from the battery pack to the charger. 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，其中，該發動機驅動該車的至少一車輪及一推進器。 A battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the engine drives at least one wheel of the vehicle and a propeller. 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，其中，該匯流排依據一協定而運作，該協定為一控制器局域網協定、一車輛區域網路協定、一互連式區域網路協定或一FlexRay協定。 The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the bus bar operates according to a protocol, which is a controller area network protocol, a vehicle area network protocol, an interconnected area network protocol, or a FlexRay. agreement. 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，其中，該電池組包括：多個電池單元模組，提供多個狀態信號，其中，該多個電池單元模組中的每一個電池單元模組包括該多個電池單元，其中，該多個狀態信號中的每一個狀態信號表示該每個電池單元的該狀態；以及一電子控制單元，與該多個電池單元模組耦接，並依據來自該每個電池單元模組的該狀態信號產生該控制信號。 The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the battery pack comprises: a plurality of battery unit modules, providing a plurality of status signals, wherein each of the plurality of battery unit modules comprises The plurality of battery cells, wherein each of the plurality of status signals represents the state of each of the battery cells; and an electronic control unit coupled to the plurality of battery cell modules and based on the The status signal of each battery cell module generates the control signal. 如申請專利範圍第4項的電池管理系統，其中，該充電器包括：一供電模組，其中，當該車熄火時，則該供電模組提供一供電電壓，以對該電子控制單元供電。 The battery management system of claim 4, wherein the charger comprises: a power supply module, wherein when the vehicle is turned off, the power supply module provides a power supply voltage to supply power to the electronic control unit. 如申請專利範圍第4項的電池管理系統，進一步包括：一直流至直流轉換器，與該電池組耦接，其中，當該車啟動時，則該直流至直流轉換器將該電池組的一電池電壓轉換為一第一驅動電壓，以對該電子控制單元供電。 The battery management system of claim 4, further comprising: a DC to DC converter coupled to the battery pack, wherein when the vehicle is started, the DC to DC converter is one of the battery packs The battery voltage is converted to a first drive voltage to power the electronic control unit. 如申請專利範圍第6項的電池管理系統，進一步包括：一蓄電池，其中，當該車啟動時，則該蓄電池被該第一驅動電壓充電，當該車熄火時，則該蓄電池提供一第二驅動電壓，以對該車供電。 The battery management system of claim 6, further comprising: a battery, wherein when the vehicle is started, the battery is charged by the first driving voltage, and when the vehicle is turned off, the battery provides a second Drive the voltage to power the car. 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，其中，該電池組包括：一電子控制單元，其中，當該驗證信號表示該充電器適合對該電池組充電時，則該電子控制單元產生該控制信號，當該驗證信號表示該充電器不適合對該電池組充電時，則該電子控制單元產生一終止信號，以停止該充電器對該電池組充電。 The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the battery pack comprises: an electronic control unit, wherein the electronic control unit generates the control when the verification signal indicates that the charger is suitable for charging the battery pack The signal, when the verification signal indicates that the charger is not suitable for charging the battery pack, the electronic control unit generates a termination signal to stop the charger from charging the battery pack. 如申請專利範圍第8項的電池管理系統，其中，該匯流排將該驗證信號從該充電器傳至該電池組，將該終止信號從該電池組傳至該充電器。 The battery management system of claim 8, wherein the bus bar transmits the verification signal from the charger to the battery pack, and the termination signal is transmitted from the battery pack to the charger. 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，其中，該充電器包括：一轉換器，依據一脈衝信號將一輸入電能轉換為該充電電能；一處理器，與該轉換器耦接，從該控制信號中接收與該充電電能的一充電電壓相關的一參考電壓和/或與該充電電能的一充電電流相關的一參考電流；以及 一脈衝信號產生器，與該轉換器和該處理器耦接，依據該參考電壓和該參考電流產生該脈衝信號，以調整該充電電能。 The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the charger comprises: a converter for converting an input electrical energy into the charging electrical energy according to a pulse signal; a processor coupled to the converter, Receiving, in the control signal, a reference voltage associated with a charging voltage of the charging electrical energy and/or a reference current associated with a charging current of the charging electrical energy; A pulse signal generator is coupled to the converter and the processor, and generates the pulse signal according to the reference voltage and the reference current to adjust the charging power. 如申請專利範圍第10項的電池管理系統，其中，該脈衝信號產生器包括：一第一誤差放大器，與一節點耦接，接收表示該充電電壓的一第一感應信號，並依據該充電電壓和該參考電壓之間的一比較結果調整該節點的一節點電壓；一第二誤差放大器，與該節點耦接，接收表示該充電電流的一第二感應信號，並依據該充電電流和該參考電流之間的一比較結果調整該節點電壓；其中，該脈衝信號產生器依據該節點電壓而產生該脈衝信號。 The battery management system of claim 10, wherein the pulse signal generator comprises: a first error amplifier coupled to a node, receiving a first sensing signal indicating the charging voltage, and according to the charging voltage Adjusting a node voltage of the node with a comparison result of the reference voltage; a second error amplifier coupled to the node, receiving a second sensing signal indicating the charging current, and according to the charging current and the reference A comparison between the currents adjusts the node voltage; wherein the pulse signal generator generates the pulse signal based on the node voltage. 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，進一步包括：一儀錶控制單元，與該匯流排耦接，接收該電池組的一狀態資料，並將該狀態資料顯示在該車的一儀錶面板上。 The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising: a meter control unit coupled to the bus bar, receiving a status data of the battery pack, and displaying the status data on an instrument panel of the vehicle . 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，進一步包括：一車輛控制單元，與該匯流排和一用戶介面耦接，並透過該用戶介面與一用戶互動，以產生一控制指令控制該充電器和該電池組。 The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising: a vehicle control unit coupled to the bus bar and a user interface, and interacting with a user through the user interface to generate a control command to control the charger And the battery pack. 如申請專利範圍第1項的電池管理系統，進一步包括：一發動機驅動處理器，與該匯流排和該發動機耦接，以執行啟動和停止該發動機、選擇該發動機的一轉動方向、調整該發動機的一轉動速率、調整一轉矩或保護該發動機。 The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising: an engine drive processor coupled to the busbar and the engine to perform starting and stopping of the engine, selecting a direction of rotation of the engine, and adjusting the engine A rotation rate, a torque adjustment or protection of the engine. 一種控制車的方法，包括：依據一電池組中的多個電池單元中的每個電池單元的一狀態產生一控制信號； 當該車熄火時，由一充電器依據該控制信號產生一充電電能，以對該電池組充電；當該車啟動時，該電池組對該車中的一發動機供電；透過該車中的一匯流排將該控制信號從該電池組傳送至該充電器；接收表示該充電器的一最大充電電壓和一最大充電電流的一驗證信號；如果該驗證信號表示該充電器適合對該電池組充電時，則產生該控制信號；以及如果該驗證信號表示該充電器不適合對該電池組充電，則產生一終止信號，以停止該充電器對該電池組充電。 A method of controlling a vehicle, comprising: generating a control signal according to a state of each of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack; When the vehicle is turned off, a charging device generates a charging electric energy according to the control signal to charge the battery pack; when the vehicle is started, the battery pack supplies power to an engine in the vehicle; The bus bar transmits the control signal from the battery pack to the charger; receiving a verification signal indicating a maximum charging voltage and a maximum charging current of the charger; if the verification signal indicates that the charger is suitable for charging the battery pack The control signal is generated; and if the verification signal indicates that the charger is not suitable for charging the battery pack, a termination signal is generated to stop the charger from charging the battery pack. 如申請專利範圍第15項的控制車的方法，進一步包括：一電子控制單元分別從多個電池單元模組接收多個狀態信號，其中，每個電池單元模組包括該多個電池單元，且該多個狀態信號中的每個狀態信號表示該每個電池單元的該狀態；以及該電子控制單元依據該多個狀態信號產生該控制信號。 The method of controlling a vehicle according to claim 15 , further comprising: an electronic control unit respectively receiving a plurality of status signals from the plurality of battery unit modules, wherein each of the battery unit modules includes the plurality of battery units, and Each of the plurality of status signals represents the state of the each battery unit; and the electronic control unit generates the control signal based on the plurality of status signals. 申請專利範圍第16項的控制車的方法，進一步包括：當該車熄火時，由該充電器提供一電源電壓以對該電子控制單元供電；以及當該車啟動時，將該電池組的一電池電壓轉換為一驅動電壓，以對該電子控制單元供電。 The method for controlling a vehicle of claim 16 further includes: when the vehicle is turned off, a power supply voltage is supplied from the charger to supply power to the electronic control unit; and when the vehicle is started, the battery pack is activated The battery voltage is converted to a drive voltage to power the electronic control unit. 申請專利範圍第15項的控制車的方法，進一步包括：從該控制信號中接收與該充電電能的一充電電壓相關的一參考電壓和/或與該充電電能的一充電電流相關的一參考電流；依據該參考電壓和/或該參考電流產生一脈衝信號；以及 依據該脈衝信號將一輸入電能轉換為該充電電能。 The method for controlling a vehicle of claim 15 , further comprising: receiving, from the control signal, a reference voltage associated with a charging voltage of the charging electrical energy and/or a reference current associated with a charging current of the charging electrical energy Generating a pulse signal based on the reference voltage and/or the reference current; An input electric energy is converted into the charging electric energy according to the pulse signal. 申請專利範圍第18項的控制車的方法，進一步包括：依據該充電電壓和該參考電壓之間的一比較結果和/或依據該充電電流和該參考電流之間的一比較結果，以調整一節點的一節點電壓；以及依據該節點電壓產生該脈衝信號。The method for controlling a vehicle of claim 18, further comprising: adjusting one according to a comparison result between the charging voltage and the reference voltage and/or according to a comparison result between the charging current and the reference current a node voltage of the node; and generating the pulse signal according to the node voltage.
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