TWI398749B - Voltage regulator and voltage regulating system - Google Patents
Voltage regulator and voltage regulating system Download PDFInfo
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本發明係涉及一種電壓調節器及電壓調節系統，特別係指一種可讓發電機在車輛低轉速下建立電壓之電壓調節器及電壓調節系統。The invention relates to a voltage regulator and a voltage regulation system, in particular to a voltage regulator and a voltage regulation system for allowing a generator to establish a voltage at a low speed of a vehicle.
一般發電機是藉由車載引擎運轉來產生一電力，用以對車載之蓄電池充電以及供應給相關車用電子裝置，進而確保車載能夠持續運轉。為了使發電機的輸出電力不致於過高或過低，一般均設有電壓調節器來調節發電機的發電量。電壓調節器主要可於發電機之電力輸出過高時，降低其發電量，而於電力輸出過低時，增加其發電量，即是所謂的回授控制。因此，電壓調節器具有穩定發電機輸出電壓之作用，以確保車載在供電上的穩定，並防止對車載機件之損害。In general, the generator is operated by the onboard engine to generate a power for charging the vehicle battery and supplying it to the relevant vehicle electronic device, thereby ensuring that the vehicle can continue to operate. In order to keep the output power of the generator from being too high or too low, a voltage regulator is generally provided to regulate the power generation of the generator. The voltage regulator can mainly reduce the power generation when the power output of the generator is too high, and increase the power generation when the power output is too low, which is called feedback control. Therefore, the voltage regulator has the function of stabilizing the output voltage of the generator to ensure the stability of the vehicle in power supply and to prevent damage to the vehicle-mounted components.
我們都知道，電壓調節器必須因應車載引擎的不同來搭配設計，通常都是配套使用。其中最基本的單功能電壓調節器是設計有三個接線端，分別為正接線端(D+)、磁場接線端(F)及接地接線端(G)。在整個發電機及電壓調節器的運作上，當使用者啟動開關來啟動車載時，發電機必須透過足夠的激磁電流來帶動進行運轉，進而讓發電機能夠建立電壓並順利進行發電。而當啟動一開始在由車載之蓄電池供電的狀態下，若激磁電流夠大的話，則發電機便能夠在較低轉速下即建立電壓；而若激磁電流不夠大時，就須等到發電機的轉速較高時才會產生足夠的激磁電流。而目前在習知技術上，為了在設計上較為簡單，並且擁有較高的電流放大增益效果，因此普遍是採用以電流控制的達靈頓電晶體來搭配使用。We all know that voltage regulators must be designed to match the car's engine, and are usually used together. The most basic single-function voltage regulator is designed with three terminals: positive terminal (D+), magnetic field terminal (F) and ground terminal (G). In the operation of the entire generator and voltage regulator, when the user activates the switch to start the vehicle, the generator must be driven by sufficient excitation current to allow the generator to establish a voltage and smoothly generate electricity. When the start-up is in the state of being powered by the vehicle battery, if the excitation current is large enough, the generator can establish the voltage at a lower speed; if the excitation current is not large enough, the generator must be waited for. Sufficient excitation current is generated at higher speeds. At present, in the conventional technology, in order to be simple in design and have a high current amplification gain effect, it is generally used with a current-controlled Darlington transistor.
但是，在越來越講求電壓調節器的品質以及整體車載的效能考量之下，使用達靈頓電晶體來設計的三接線端電壓調節器，其在正接線端與磁場接線端之間的電壓差無法有效地再降低。因此，要如何改良電壓調節器，以能進一步降低正接線端與磁場接線端之間的電壓差，讓發電機能在更低轉速下即獲得足夠的電流來帶動運轉而建立電壓，便是目前值得加以思考的地方。However, under the increasing emphasis on the quality of the voltage regulator and the overall vehicle performance considerations, the voltage between the positive terminal and the magnetic field terminal is the three-terminal voltage regulator designed using Darlington transistors. The difference cannot be effectively reduced again. Therefore, how to improve the voltage regulator to further reduce the voltage difference between the positive terminal and the magnetic field terminal, so that the generator can obtain enough current to drive the voltage at a lower speed to establish the voltage is worth it. The place to think about.
有鑑於此，本發明所要解決的技術問題在於，設計利用電壓驅動的金屬氧化半導體場效應電晶體來做為電壓調節器中的功率電晶體。並且藉由車載啟動時，其啟動指示燈導通後所傳遞的電壓即可打開場效應電晶體，進而讓電壓調節器所搭配的發電機得以在低轉速下順利進行建立電壓。In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to design a voltage-driven metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor as a power transistor in a voltage regulator. And when the vehicle is started, the voltage transmitted by the start indicator light can turn on the field effect transistor, and the generator matched with the voltage regulator can smoothly establish the voltage at a low speed.
為了解決上述問題，根據本發明所提出之一方案，提供一種電壓調節器，是連接一發電機及一蓄電池，電壓調節器係具有一正接線端、一磁場接線端及一接地接線端，並且電壓調節器包括：一激磁驅動單元及一開關控制單元。其中，激磁驅動單元是連接正接線端及磁場接線端，並且透過正接線端來接收一供應電壓，而透過磁場接線端來連接發電機的一激磁線圈，激磁驅動單元是利用一場效應電晶體來做為一驅動開關，以藉由場效應電晶體的啟閉來驅動激磁線圈。而開關控制單元是連接正接線端及激磁驅動單元，用以依據供應電壓來控制場效應電晶體。In order to solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a voltage regulator is provided, which is connected to a generator and a battery, and the voltage regulator has a positive terminal, a magnetic field terminal and a ground terminal, and The voltage regulator comprises: an excitation drive unit and a switch control unit. The excitation drive unit is connected to the positive terminal and the magnetic field terminal, and receives a supply voltage through the positive terminal, and connects an excitation coil of the generator through the magnetic field terminal. The excitation drive unit utilizes a field effect transistor. As a drive switch, the excitation coil is driven by the opening and closing of the field effect transistor. The switch control unit is connected to the positive terminal and the excitation drive unit for controlling the field effect transistor according to the supply voltage.
為了解決上述問題，根據本發明所提出之另一方案，提供一種電壓調節系統，包括：一蓄電池、一發電機及一電壓調節器。其中，蓄電池是用以輸出一電池電壓，發電機是具有一激磁線圈、一第一輸出端及一第二輸出端，第一輸出端是連接激磁線圈的一端及蓄電池，第二輸出端是連接激磁線圈的另一端，並且發電機在建立電壓後輸出一發電電壓。電壓調節器是連接蓄電池及發電機，並且具有一正接線端、一磁場接線端及一接地接線端，其中的正接線端是連接第一輸出端，磁場接線端是連接第二輸出端，而電壓調節器進一步包含：一激磁驅動單元及一開關控制單元，激磁驅動單元是連接正接線端及磁場接線端，用以接收電池電壓或發電電壓，並且激磁驅動單元是利用一場效應電晶體來做為一驅動開關，以藉由場效應電晶體的啟閉來驅動激磁線圈，而開關控制單元是連接正接線端及激磁驅動單元，用以依據電池電壓或發電電壓來控制場效應電晶體。In order to solve the above problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, a voltage regulation system includes: a battery, a generator, and a voltage regulator. Wherein, the battery is used for outputting a battery voltage, the generator has an excitation coil, a first output end and a second output end, the first output end is connected to one end of the excitation coil and the battery, and the second output end is connected The other end of the excitation coil, and the generator outputs a generated voltage after the voltage is established. The voltage regulator is connected to the battery and the generator, and has a positive terminal, a magnetic field terminal and a ground terminal, wherein the positive terminal is connected to the first output end, and the magnetic field terminal is connected to the second output end, and The voltage regulator further comprises: an excitation driving unit and a switch control unit, wherein the excitation driving unit is connected with the positive terminal and the magnetic field terminal for receiving the battery voltage or the generated voltage, and the excitation driving unit is made by using a field effect transistor. The utility model is a driving switch for driving the excitation coil by opening and closing of the field effect transistor, and the switch control unit is connected with the positive terminal and the excitation driving unit for controlling the field effect transistor according to the battery voltage or the power generation voltage.
藉此，本發明利用場效應電晶體來做為電壓調節器中的功率電晶體之設計，得以讓發電機在低轉速下建立電壓。Thus, the present invention utilizes a field effect transistor as the design of the power transistor in the voltage regulator to allow the generator to establish a voltage at low speeds.
以上之概述與接下來的詳細說明及附圖，皆是為了能進一步說明本發明為達成預定目的所採取之方式、手段及功效。而有關本發明的其他目的及優點，將在後續的說明及圖式中加以闡述。The above summary, the following detailed description and the annexed drawings are intended to further illustrate the manner, the Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description and drawings.
本發明是設計利用電壓驅動的金屬氧化半導體場效應電晶體(MOSFET)，以下稱場效應電晶體，來做為電壓調節器中的功率電晶體。當本發明應用於車載時，即可以藉由車載啟動時，啟動指示燈導通後的瞬間電壓來充電導通場效應電晶體，進而讓電壓調節器所搭配的發電機得以順利進行建立電壓。其中因為場效應電晶體的特性，讓車載啟動時，發電機激磁線圈的兩端電壓之壓降可以較低，因而產生較大的電流來帶起發電機運轉，藉以讓發電機在低轉速下建立電壓。The present invention is designed to use a voltage-driven metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), hereinafter referred to as a field effect transistor, as a power transistor in a voltage regulator. When the invention is applied to a vehicle, the on-state transistor can be charged by the instantaneous voltage after the start of the indicator light when the vehicle is started, so that the generator matched with the voltage regulator can smoothly establish the voltage. Because of the characteristics of the field effect transistor, when the vehicle is started, the voltage drop across the excitation coil of the generator can be lower, thus generating a larger current to bring the generator to operate, so that the generator can be operated at a low speed. Establish voltage.
請參考第一圖，為本發明電壓調節系統的第一實施例電路示意圖。如圖所示，本實施例所提供的一電壓調節系統1是應用於一車載(圖未示)，其包括：一電壓調節器10、一發電機11、一蓄電池12及一啟動單元13。本實施例中的電壓調節器10是採用三接線端(3 pins)的電壓調節器10，其分別為一正接線端D+、一磁場接線端F及一接地接線端GND。而發電機11是具有一第一輸出端T1、一第二輸出端T2及一接地端，並且發電機11又進一步包含有一交流發電機111、一整流器112及一激磁線圈113。其中，交流發電機111及整流器112是為電性連接，並且在運作上是為熟悉該項技術者所能了解的技術，在此就不加以贅述。Please refer to the first figure, which is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the voltage regulation system of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a voltage regulating system 1 provided in this embodiment is applied to a vehicle (not shown), and includes a voltage regulator 10, a generator 11, a battery 12, and a starting unit 13. The voltage regulator 10 in this embodiment is a voltage regulator 10 using three terminals (3 pins), which are respectively a positive terminal D+, a magnetic field terminal F and a ground terminal GND. The generator 11 has a first output terminal T1, a second output terminal T2 and a grounding terminal, and the generator 11 further includes an alternator 111, a rectifier 112 and an exciting coil 113. The alternator 111 and the rectifier 112 are electrically connected and are operationally familiar to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
在架構上，發電機11的部分，第一輸出端T1是連接於激磁線圈113的一端以及連接蓄電池12的一正極(+)，而第二輸出端T2是連接於激磁線圈113的另一端。而電壓調節器10的部分，電壓調節器10的正接線端D+是連接於發電機11的第一輸出端T1，電壓調節器10的磁場接線端F是連接於發電機11的第二輸出端T2，而電壓調節器10的接地接線端GND是與發電機11的接地端及蓄電池12的一負極(-)一併接地。Structurally, a portion of the generator 11, the first output terminal T1 is connected to one end of the exciting coil 113 and a positive electrode (+) connected to the battery 12, and the second output terminal T2 is connected to the other end of the exciting coil 113. The portion of the voltage regulator 10, the positive terminal D+ of the voltage regulator 10 is connected to the first output terminal T1 of the generator 11, and the magnetic field terminal F of the voltage regulator 10 is connected to the second output terminal of the generator 11. T2, and the ground terminal GND of the voltage regulator 10 is grounded together with the ground terminal of the generator 11 and a negative electrode (-) of the battery 12.
電壓調節器10進一步包含：一激磁驅動單元101、一開關控制單元102及一防漏電流單元103。其中，激磁驅動單元101是連接正接線端D+及磁場接線端F，並且透過正接線端D+來接收一供應電壓，而此處所述之供應電壓可以為發電機11所提供的一發電電壓或蓄電池12所提供的一電池電壓，完全依據發電機的狀態而定，對此在稍後的工作原理之描述中會加以說明。激磁驅動單元101另外再透過磁場接線端F來連接發電機11的第二輸出端T2，以進一步連接激磁線圈113。The voltage regulator 10 further includes an excitation drive unit 101, a switch control unit 102, and a leakage current prevention unit 103. The excitation driving unit 101 is connected to the positive terminal D+ and the magnetic field terminal F, and receives a supply voltage through the positive terminal D+, and the supply voltage described herein may be a generated voltage provided by the generator 11 or The battery voltage provided by battery 12 is completely dependent on the state of the generator, as will be explained in the description of the later working principle. The excitation drive unit 101 is further coupled to the second output terminal T2 of the generator 11 through the magnetic field terminal F to further connect the excitation coil 113.
再者，激磁驅動單元101是設計利用一場效應電晶體Q來做為一驅動開關，其中場效應電晶體Q的一閘極端是連接正接線端D+以及開關控制單元102，場效應電晶體Q的一汲極端是連接磁場接線端F，而場效應電晶體Q的一源極端則是連接於接地接線端GND。於是，激磁驅動單元101即是藉由場效應電晶體Q的啟閉來驅動激磁線圈113。Furthermore, the excitation driving unit 101 is designed to use a field effect transistor Q as a driving switch, wherein a gate terminal of the field effect transistor Q is connected to the positive terminal D+ and the switching control unit 102, the field effect transistor Q. One extreme is to connect the magnetic field terminal F, and one source terminal of the field effect transistor Q is connected to the ground terminal GND. Then, the excitation driving unit 101 drives the exciting coil 113 by opening and closing of the field effect transistor Q.
開關控制單元102是連接正接線端D+及激磁驅動單元101，並且依據該供應電壓來控制激磁驅動單元101。其中，開關控制單元102進一步包括：一分壓電路1021、一穩壓二極體D2及一第一電晶體Q1。分壓電路1021的兩端是分別連接正接線端D+及接地接線端GND，以並聯連接於發電機11。穩壓二極體D2可例如是採用基納二極體的設計，穩壓二極體D2的一負端是連接分壓電路1021的分壓點。而第一電晶體Q1在此實施例中是採用NPN電晶體的設計，第一電晶體Q1的一基極端是連接穩壓二極體D2的一正端，第一電晶體Q1的一集極端是連接於正接線端D+以及場效應電晶體Q的閘極端，而第一電晶體Q1的一射極端是連接於接地接線端GND。The switch control unit 102 is connected to the positive terminal D+ and the excitation drive unit 101, and controls the excitation drive unit 101 in accordance with the supply voltage. The switch control unit 102 further includes: a voltage dividing circuit 1021, a voltage stabilizing diode D2, and a first transistor Q1. Both ends of the voltage dividing circuit 1021 are connected to the positive terminal D+ and the ground terminal GND, respectively, to be connected in parallel to the generator 11. The voltage stabilizing diode D2 can be, for example, a design of a Zener diode, and a negative terminal of the voltage stabilizing diode D2 is connected to a voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 1021. The first transistor Q1 is a NPN transistor design in this embodiment. A base terminal of the first transistor Q1 is connected to a positive terminal of the Zener diode D2, and an extreme terminal of the first transistor Q1. It is connected to the positive terminal D+ and the gate terminal of the field effect transistor Q, and the first terminal of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the ground terminal GND.
承上所述，在開關控制單元102中，藉由分壓電路1201及穩壓二極體D2的搭配設計，以在分壓電路1201的分壓點上設計形成一設定點電壓(一般車載是設計約為13.5~14.5±0.3伏特)，並以其中正負誤差來做為電壓調節器10進行調節運作與否的上限點及下限點。As described above, in the switch control unit 102, a set point voltage is designed to be formed at a voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 1201 by a combination design of the voltage dividing circuit 1201 and the voltage stabilizing diode D2 (generally The vehicle is designed to be approximately 13.5~14.5±0.3 volts, and the upper and lower points are used to adjust the operation of the voltage regulator 10.
防漏電流單元103是連接正接線端D+、第一電晶體Q1的集極端以及場效應電晶體Q的閘極端，用以防止激磁驅動單元101及開關控制單元102產生漏電流而回流至正接線端D+。而如圖所示，本實施例中的防漏電流單元103是直接採用二極體的設計，讓二極體的正端連接正接線端D+，而讓二極體的負端連接第一電晶體Q1的集極端以及場效應電晶體Q的閘極端，以達到防止漏電流的功效。當然，熟悉該項技術者應可了解，防漏電流單元103的設計更可為其他電路的組成態樣，在此並非為本發明所限制。The leakage preventing current unit 103 is connected to the positive terminal D+, the collector terminal of the first transistor Q1, and the gate terminal of the field effect transistor Q to prevent the excitation driving unit 101 and the switching control unit 102 from generating leakage current and returning to the positive wiring. End D+. As shown in the figure, the leakage current prevention unit 103 in this embodiment is a diode design directly, such that the positive terminal of the diode is connected to the positive terminal D+, and the negative terminal of the diode is connected to the first power. The collector terminal of the crystal Q1 and the gate terminal of the field effect transistor Q are used to achieve the effect of preventing leakage current. Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that the design of the leakage preventing current unit 103 can be a composition of other circuits, which is not limited by the present invention.
再者，電壓調節器10可進一步包含一飛輪二極體D1，飛輪二極體D1的一正端是連接場效應電晶體Q的汲極端，而飛輪二極體D1的一負端是連接正接線端D+，以形成並聯連接於激磁線圈113。藉此，當電壓調節系統1啟動時，飛輪電晶體D1可以防止瞬間的高壓損壞場效應電晶體Q。此外，當激磁驅動單元101中的場效應電晶體Q為截止的狀態下，飛輪二極體D1得以形成發電機11所提供之發電電壓的放電路徑。Furthermore, the voltage regulator 10 can further comprise a flywheel diode D1, a positive end of the flywheel diode D1 is connected to the 汲 terminal of the field effect transistor Q, and a negative end of the flywheel diode D1 is connected positively The terminal D+ is formed to be connected in parallel to the exciting coil 113. Thereby, when the voltage regulating system 1 is activated, the flywheel transistor D1 can prevent the instantaneous high voltage from damaging the field effect transistor Q. Further, in a state where the field effect transistor Q in the excitation driving unit 101 is off, the flywheel diode D1 is formed to form a discharge path of the power generation voltage supplied from the generator 11.
最後，電壓調節系統1中的啟動單元13是串聯連接於正接線端D+及第一輸出端T1之間，以做為使用者進行啟動車載之開關。啟動單元13進一步包括有一啟動開關131及一啟動指示燈132，啟動開關131是連接第一輸出端T1，而啟動指示燈132是連接啟動開關131及正接線端D+，並且啟動指示燈132可例如為燈泡或發光二極體的設計。Finally, the starting unit 13 in the voltage regulating system 1 is connected in series between the positive terminal D+ and the first output terminal T1 as a switch for starting the vehicle. The startup unit 13 further includes a start switch 131 and a start indicator 132. The start switch 131 is connected to the first output terminal T1, and the start indicator 132 is connected to the start switch 131 and the positive terminal D+, and the start indicator 132 can be, for example. Designed for light bulbs or light-emitting diodes.
上述之說明即可建置本發明之電壓調節系統及電壓調節器的第一實施例電路架構。而附帶一提的是，第一圖實施例之電壓調節系統1，由於發電機11之激磁線圈113在連接第二輸出端T2的一端是連接電壓調節器10的磁場接線端F，以通過電壓調節器10之後才接地，因此電壓調節器10在設計上是屬於所謂的外搭鐵型電壓調節器，以適合於外搭鐵型發電機。其中，在此設計下，電壓調節器10中做為功率電晶體的場效應電晶體Q是使用N通道的場效應電晶體。當然，電壓調節器10在設計上亦可設計為內搭鐵型電壓調節器，並且改為搭配P通道場效應電晶體來做為功率電晶體，藉以用來與內搭鐵型發電機配套使用。The above description can construct the circuit architecture of the first embodiment of the voltage regulating system and voltage regulator of the present invention. Incidentally, in the voltage regulation system 1 of the first embodiment, since the excitation coil 113 of the generator 11 is connected to the magnetic field terminal F of the voltage regulator 10 at one end connected to the second output terminal T2, the voltage is passed. The regulator 10 is then grounded, so the voltage regulator 10 is designed to be a so-called external ground type voltage regulator to be suitable for an external iron-type generator. Among them, in this design, the field effect transistor Q serving as a power transistor in the voltage regulator 10 is a field effect transistor using an N channel. Of course, the voltage regulator 10 can also be designed as an internal ground type voltage regulator, and can be used as a power transistor with a P-channel field effect transistor for use with an internal ground type generator. .
而基於上述第一圖的電路架構，接下來是進一步說明其中的工作原理：首先，當使用者開啟啟動單元13時，也就是啟動開關131剛導通時，啟動指示燈132因啟動開關131導通而亮起。此時，發電機11尚不會運轉，並且也不會產生發電電壓，而是由蓄電池12的電池電壓來供應於分壓電路1021。而由於此時分壓電路1021的分壓點之電壓是會低於穩壓二極體D2的逆崩潰電壓，因而無法使穩壓二極體D2導通，於是第一電晶體Q1會截止。而第一電晶體Q1截止使得場效應電晶體Q因閘極端具有高電壓準位而形成導通，於是形成一激磁電流路徑。其中，激磁電流路徑依序為：蓄電池12之正極(+)、激磁線圈113、磁場接線端F、場效應電晶體Q、接地接線端GND至蓄電池12之負極(-)，藉以讓激磁線圈113進行激磁作用，以產生足夠的激磁電流來帶動發電機11進行啟動運轉，並建立電壓。Based on the circuit architecture of the first figure, the following is a further description of the working principle: First, when the user turns on the start unit 13, that is, when the start switch 131 is just turned on, the start indicator 132 is turned on by the start switch 131. Light up. At this time, the generator 11 is not yet operated, and the power generation voltage is not generated, but is supplied to the voltage dividing circuit 1021 by the battery voltage of the battery 12. Since the voltage at the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 1021 is lower than the reverse breakdown voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode D2 at this time, the voltage stabilizing diode D2 cannot be turned on, and the first transistor Q1 is turned off. The first transistor Q1 is turned off so that the field effect transistor Q is turned on due to the high voltage level of the gate terminal, thus forming a field of the exciting current. The excitation current path is sequentially: the positive electrode (+) of the battery 12, the excitation coil 113, the magnetic field terminal F, the field effect transistor Q, the ground terminal GND to the negative electrode (-) of the battery 12, thereby allowing the excitation coil 113 The excitation is performed to generate a sufficient excitation current to drive the generator 11 to start the operation and establish a voltage.
隨著發電機11的啟動，其轉速逐漸升高，發電電壓隨轉速升高而上升，此時的發電機11仍是屬於他勵狀態。當發電電壓已升高到大於電池電壓，但仍未到達電壓調節器10的調節上限點時，第一電晶體Q1仍為截止狀態，而場效應電晶體Q也就仍為導通狀態，於是發電機11會自勵發電並開始對蓄電池12充電，並且此時的電流是由發電機11來供給，其激磁電流路徑依序為：交流發電機111之正極、激磁線圈113、磁場接線端F、場效應電晶體Q、接地接線端GND至交流發電機111之負極。同時，發電電壓亦會繼續隨轉速升高迅速上升。As the generator 11 is started, its rotational speed gradually increases, and the power generation voltage rises as the rotational speed increases. At this time, the generator 11 is still in a state of being excited. When the power generation voltage has risen to be greater than the battery voltage, but still does not reach the adjustment upper limit point of the voltage regulator 10, the first transistor Q1 is still in an off state, and the field effect transistor Q is still in an on state, so that The motor 11 will self-excited to generate electricity and start to charge the battery 12, and the current at this time is supplied by the generator 11, and the excitation current path is sequentially: the anode of the alternator 111, the excitation coil 113, the magnetic field terminal F, The field effect transistor Q and the ground terminal GND are connected to the cathode of the alternator 111. At the same time, the power generation voltage will continue to rise rapidly with the increase of the speed.
接著，當發電電壓上升到等於電壓調節器10的調節上限點時，電壓調節器11開始啟動調節運作。此時分壓電路1021的分壓點之電壓得以使穩壓二極體D1反向擊穿而形成導通，於是第一電晶體Q1導通。而第一電晶體Q1導通使得場效應電晶體Q因閘極端具有低電壓準位而形成截止。於是，激磁電流路徑便會被切斷，而由於磁場被斷路，磁通下降，使得發電機的發電電壓會經由飛輪二極體D1進行放電而開始下降。Next, when the power generation voltage rises to be equal to the adjustment upper limit point of the voltage regulator 10, the voltage regulator 11 starts the regulation operation. At this time, the voltage of the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 1021 causes the voltage stabilizing diode D1 to reversely break down to form a conduction, and thus the first transistor Q1 is turned on. The first transistor Q1 is turned on so that the field effect transistor Q is turned off due to the gate terminal having a low voltage level. As a result, the field of the exciting current is cut off, and since the magnetic field is broken, the magnetic flux is lowered, so that the generated voltage of the generator is discharged by the flywheel diode D1 and starts to drop.
當發電機電壓下降到等於電壓調節器10的調節下限點時，穩壓二極體D2即又形成截止，於是第一電晶體Q1也就截止，而場效應電晶體Q重新導通，於是激磁電流路徑即恢復導通，進而再讓發電機11的發電電壓上升。以此原理不斷地重複執行，即可讓發電機11的發電電壓控制在一定範圍內。When the generator voltage drops to be equal to the lower limit of regulation of the voltage regulator 10, the voltage stabilizing diode D2 is again turned off, so that the first transistor Q1 is also turned off, and the field effect transistor Q is turned on again, so the exciting current The path is restored to conduct, and the power generation voltage of the generator 11 is further increased. By repeating this principle continuously, the power generation voltage of the generator 11 can be controlled within a certain range.
而在上述工作原理中值得一提的是，本發明所設計的電壓調節器10即是能在發電機11啟動運轉前及啟動運轉中控制場效應電晶體Q為導通狀態。而藉由場效應電晶體Q的特性，以及能在發電機啟動運轉前導通，讓電壓調節器10在正接線端D+與磁場接線端F之間的壓降得以降低，進而產生較大的激磁電流來帶動發電機11運轉，以建立電壓，藉以避免因激磁電流較小而讓發電機11需於高轉速下才能建立電壓。In the above working principle, it is worth mentioning that the voltage regulator 10 designed by the present invention can control the field effect transistor Q to be in a conducting state before the startup operation of the generator 11 and during the startup operation. By virtue of the characteristics of the field effect transistor Q and the ability to conduct before the generator starts, the voltage drop between the positive terminal D+ and the magnetic field terminal F of the voltage regulator 10 is reduced, thereby generating a large excitation. The current is used to drive the generator 11 to operate to establish a voltage to avoid the need for the generator 11 to establish a voltage at a high speed due to the small excitation current.
請再參考第二圖，為本發明電壓調節系統的第二實施例電路示意圖。本實施例中的元件與第一實施例相同者，是採用一致的符號標示。並且本實施例之電壓調節系統1a及其中的電壓調節器10a在動作原理及達成的功效上是與第一實施例相同。而本實施例與第一實施例主要的差異點即在於開關控制單元102a的設計。本實施例之開關控制單元102a是進一步包含一第二電晶體Q2，用以連接於分壓電路1021及穩壓二極體D2之間，第二電晶體Q2的一基極端是連接分壓電路1021的分壓點，第二電晶體Q2的一集極端是連接正接線端D+，而第二電晶體Q2的一射極端是連接穩壓二極體D2的負端。Please refer to the second figure again for a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the voltage regulation system of the present invention. The components in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are marked with a uniform symbol. Further, the voltage regulating system 1a of the present embodiment and the voltage regulator 10a thereof are the same as the first embodiment in terms of the principle of operation and the effect achieved. The main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the design of the switch control unit 102a. The switch control unit 102a of the present embodiment further includes a second transistor Q2 for connecting between the voltage dividing circuit 1021 and the voltage stabilizing diode D2, and a base terminal of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the voltage divider. At the voltage dividing point of the circuit 1021, an episode of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal D+, and an emitter terminal of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage stabilizing diode D2.
於是，藉由本實施例的設計，可以讓開關控制單元102a的反應時間更快，以更確切地依據供應電壓來控制穩壓二極體D2及第一電晶體Q1的導通或截止之狀態。Therefore, with the design of the embodiment, the reaction time of the switching control unit 102a can be made faster, and the state of turning on or off of the voltage stabilizing diode D2 and the first transistor Q1 can be controlled more precisely depending on the supply voltage.
綜上所述，本發明設計利用電壓驅動的場效應電晶體來做為電壓調節器中的功率電晶體，讓採用三接線端的電壓調節器亦可以有效地降低發電機激磁線圈的兩端電壓之壓降，藉以產生較大的電流來帶起發電機運轉，而達到讓發電機在低轉速下建立電壓的目的。In summary, the present invention designs a voltage-driven field effect transistor as a power transistor in a voltage regulator, so that a voltage regulator using a three-terminal can also effectively reduce the voltage across the excitation coil of the generator. The pressure drop is used to generate a large current to drive the generator to achieve the purpose of allowing the generator to establish a voltage at a low speed.
惟，以上所述，僅為本發明的具體實施例之詳細說明及圖式而已，並非用以限制本發明，本發明之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為準，任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內，可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案所界定之專利範圍。However, the above description is only for the purpose of illustration and illustration of the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Variations or modifications that may be readily conceived within the scope of the invention may be covered by the scope of the invention as defined in the following.
1，1a．．．電壓調節系統1,1a. . . Voltage regulation system
10，10a．．．電壓調節器10,10a. . . Voltage Regulator
101．．．激磁驅動單元101. . . Excitation drive unit
102，102a．．．開關控制單元102,102a. . . Switch control unit
1021．．．分壓電路1021. . . Voltage dividing circuit
103．．．防漏電流單元103. . . Leakage prevention current unit
11．．．發電機11. . . generator
111．．．交流發電機111. . . Alternator
112．．．整流器112. . . Rectifier
113．．．激磁線圈113. . . Excitation coil
12．．．蓄電池12. . . Battery
13．．．啟動單元13. . . Startup unit
131．．．啟動開關131. . . Start switch
132．．．啟動指示燈132. . . Start indicator
D1．．．飛輪二極體D1. . . Flywheel diode
D2．．．穩壓二極體D2. . . Regulated diode
D+．．．正接線端D+. . . Positive terminal
F．．．磁場接線端F. . . Magnetic field terminal
GND．．．接地接線端GND. . . Ground terminal
Q．．．場效應電晶體Q. . . Field effect transistor
Q1．．．第一電晶體Q1. . . First transistor
Q2．．．第二電晶體Q2. . . Second transistor
T1．．．第一輸出端T1. . . First output
T2．．．第二輸出端T2. . . Second output
第一圖係本發明電壓調節系統的第一實施例電路示意圖；及1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a voltage regulating system of the present invention; and
第二圖係本發明電壓調節系統的第二實施例電路示意圖。The second drawing is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the voltage regulating system of the present invention.
1．．．電壓調節系統1. . . Voltage regulation system
10．．．電壓調節器10. . . Voltage Regulator
101．．．激磁驅動單元101. . . Excitation drive unit
102．．．開關控制單元102. . . Switch control unit
1021．．．分壓電路1021. . . Voltage dividing circuit
103．．．防漏電流單元103. . . Leakage prevention current unit
11．．．發電機11. . . generator
111．．．交流發電機111. . . Alternator
112．．．整流器112. . . Rectifier
113．．．激磁線圈113. . . Excitation coil
12．．．蓄電池12. . . Battery
13．．．啟動單元13. . . Startup unit
131．．．啟動開關131. . . Start switch
132．．．啟動指示燈132. . . Start indicator
D1．．．飛輪二極體D1. . . Flywheel diode
D2．．．穩壓二極體D2. . . Regulated diode
D+．．．正接線端D+. . . Positive terminal
F．．．磁場接線端F. . . Magnetic field terminal
GND．．．接地接線端GND. . . Ground terminal
Q．．．場效應電晶體Q. . . Field effect transistor
Q1．．．第一電晶體Q1. . . First transistor
T1．．．第一輸出端T1. . . First output
T2．．．第二輸出端T2. . . Second output
Claims (16)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4293811A (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1981-10-06 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Voltage regulator system for vehicle generator |
| US4755734A (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1988-07-05 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Voltage regulator for vehicle mounted generator |
| US5245271A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1993-09-14 | Transpo Electronics, Inc. | Voltage regulator and method |
| US5923095A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1999-07-13 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Control apparatus for onboard AC generator for motor vehicle |
| TWM325238U (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-01-11 | Universal Scient Ind Co Ltd | Voltage regulator and voltage regulating system |
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- 2009-07-06 TW TW98122750A patent/TWI398749B/en active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4293811A (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1981-10-06 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Voltage regulator system for vehicle generator |
| US4755734A (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1988-07-05 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Voltage regulator for vehicle mounted generator |
| US5245271A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1993-09-14 | Transpo Electronics, Inc. | Voltage regulator and method |
| US5923095A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1999-07-13 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Control apparatus for onboard AC generator for motor vehicle |
| TWM325238U (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-01-11 | Universal Scient Ind Co Ltd | Voltage regulator and voltage regulating system |
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