TWI397119B - 氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法及以該方法所得之氮化物半導體結晶 - Google Patents
氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法及以該方法所得之氮化物半導體結晶 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 106
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001036 glow-discharge mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
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Description
本發明係關於氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法及以該方法所得之氮化物半導體結晶;更詳言之,係關於表面傷痕深度或加工變質層厚度較小之氮化物結晶表面之加工方法及以該方法所得之氮化物半導體結晶。
隨著半導體裝置之高集成化,半導體結晶之微細加工技術日益受到矚目。此處,將半導體結晶表面進行平坦加工之技術(平坦化技術)係成為上述半導體結晶之微細加工技術之基礎之重要技術。
目前,作為將半導體結晶表面進行平坦加工之技術,其主流為使用包含研磨液與磨料構成之研磨漿而進行化學機械研磨之CMP法(Chemical Mechanical Polishing)。
雖然矽結晶等具有溶解於氫氟酸等之化學活性,可以進行化學表面加工,但是III族氮化物半導體結晶等之氮化物半導體結晶為化學惰性(穩定),所以需依靠機械加工進行。此處,機械加工係指在結晶與研磨轉盤(稱作轉盤,以下相同)之間放入磨料,藉由使轉盤相對於結晶相對進行移動,利用磨料與結晶表面之摩擦力而對結晶表面進行切削或研磨加工。
如果進行機械加工,則結晶表面會因磨粒而產生深度刮傷,或因結晶表面與磨料之間之摩擦力而使結晶形成較厚之混亂層(稱作加工變質層,以下相同)(參照:山本,結晶
工學手冊,初版,共立出版,1990年9月25日,p.421-423)。該結晶表面若存在較深之傷痕或較厚之加工變質層,不但會在微細加工時造成障礙,亦會使半導體之特性劣化,所以需要再使用蝕刻等方法除去結晶表面之傷痕與加工變質層。
本發明之目的在於提供一種能使表面傷痕深度及加工變質層厚度較小之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法及以該方法所得之氮化物半導體結晶。
為達成上述目的,本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,其特徵在於使作為加工液之至少含有Na、Li或Ca之液體與氮化物半導體結晶表面接觸。此處,加工液係至少含有Na、Li或Ca之液體,加工液中之Na含有率可為5莫耳%~95莫耳%。另外,加工液係至少含有Li之液體,加工液中之Li含有率可為5莫耳%~100莫耳%。另外,作為氮化物半導體結晶,可將Alx
Gay
In1-x-y
N半導體結晶(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦x+y≦1)等進行加工而成。
另外,本發明之氮化物半導體結晶係以上述氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法所得到之氮化物半導體結晶,其最深表面傷痕深度為0.01微米以下,或平均加工變質層厚度為2微米以下。
如上所述,根據本發明,藉由使作為加工液之至少含有Na、Li或Ca之液體與氮化物半導體結晶表面接觸,可提供一種表面傷痕深度及加工變質層厚度較小之氮化物半導體
結晶表面之加工方法及以該方法所得之氮化物半導體結晶。
本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之一種加工方法,參照圖1,其特徵在於使作為加工液15之至少含有Na、Li或Ca之液體與氮化物半導體結晶11之表面接觸。更詳言之,參照圖1,其係使固定在結晶支架12上之氮化物半導體結晶11介以加工液15而壓附於固定在旋轉軸13上之轉盤14,藉由使旋轉軸13旋轉,利用轉盤14相對於氮化物半導體結晶11進行相對移動,藉此對氮化物半導體結晶表面進行加工。
本發明中使用之轉盤沒有特別之限制,較佳為使用如圖2所示用以加工結晶表面之轉盤表面為平面之轉盤A24,以及如圖3所示用以加工結晶平面之轉盤表面上形成有溝槽之轉盤B34等。雖然轉盤B之溝槽深度D、溝槽寬度W與溝槽間距P沒有特別之限制,但是使用溝槽深度D為0.5毫米~3毫米、溝槽寬度W為0.5毫米~3毫米、溝槽間距為1毫米~5毫米者較佳。
此處,含Na、Li或Ca之液體係指含有Na、NaNH2
、NaX(X表示鹵素,例如I、Br、Cl等,以下相同)等Na或Na化合物之液體;含有Li、LiNH2
、LiX等Li或Li化合物之液體;含有Ca、CaX2
等Ca或Ca化合物之液體;亦包括含有Na、Li與Ca中之2種以上元素之液體。
在含有Na、Li或Ca之液體中,藉由使氮化物半導體結晶中之氮(N)溶解,對氮化物半導體結晶表面進行蝕刻。例
如,使作為氮化物半導體結晶之一種之GaN結晶與液態Na接觸時,藉由下式(1)之反應,對GaN結晶表面進行蝕刻。
GaN+3Na → Ga3+
+N3-
+3Na+
+3e-
(1)
在本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法中,加工液係至少含有Na之液體,加工液中之Na含有率可為5莫耳%~95莫耳%。作為加工液,如果在Na中添加Li或Ca,則溶於氮化物半導體結晶之加工液之溶解量增大,加工速度提高。
在Na中添加Li之情形時,基於提高加工速度之觀點,加工液中之Na含有率較佳為5莫耳%~60莫耳%,更佳為10莫耳%~50莫耳%。在Na中添加Ca時,基於提高加工速度之觀點,加工液中之Na含有率較佳為20莫耳%~95莫耳%,更佳為50莫耳%~90莫耳%。
另外,在本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法中,基於提高加工速度之觀點,加工液較佳為至少含有Li之液體。另外,加工液中之Li含有率較佳為5莫耳%~100莫耳%,更佳為30莫耳%~100莫耳%,特佳為50莫耳%~100莫耳%。
另外,在本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法中,加工溫度較佳為加工液之熔點以上沸點以下,更佳為加工液之熔點100℃以上之高溫、加工液之沸點100℃以下之低溫度。如果加工液之溫度為加工液熔點100℃以上之高溫,則溶於加工液之氮之溶解量增加,如果為沸點100℃以下之低溫,則加工液之蒸發變少,可以有效地利用加工液。
此處,表1中表示加工液中使用之各種含有Na、Li或Ca之液體之熔點與沸點。藉由加工液之組合,可以決定加工液之熔點與沸點,並基於上述觀點,可進而決定適宜之加工溫度。
本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,可以適用於Alx
Gay
In1-x-y
N半導體結晶(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦x+y≦1)表面之加工。無論Al、Ga、In之含有率為何,均可以廣泛適用於氮化物半導體結晶中含有氮作為結晶之構成元素之氮化物半導體結晶。
藉由上述氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,可以得到最深表面傷痕深度為0.01微米以下之氮化物半導體結晶。上述加工方法非藉由磨料進行切削或研磨之物理方法,而是專門之化學方法,故不會因磨料與結晶表面之摩擦而產
生表面傷痕。
另外,藉由上述氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,可以得到平均加工變質層厚度為2微米以下之氮化物半導體結晶。上述加工方法非藉由磨料進行切削或研磨之物理方法,而是專門之化學方法,故不會因磨料與結晶表面之摩擦產生之加工變質層。
就本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法與藉由該方法得到之氮化物半導體結晶,使用實施例進行具體說明。
參照圖1與圖2,使用圖2中所示之轉盤A24作為圖1中所示之轉盤14,在固定於旋轉軸13上之轉盤A24上,載放純度為100%之金屬Na,使溫度上升至800℃而形成液態Na之加工液15。將安裝在結晶支架12上作為氮化物半導體結晶之GaN結晶壓附於加工液15之表面,同時使轉盤A24以每分鐘50轉之速度旋轉1小時,藉此進行GaN結晶表面加工,並以接觸式階差計測定加工後之GaN結晶之表面傷痕深度。另外,加工後之GaN結晶之加工變質層係以結晶剖面之CL(Cathode Luminescence,陰極發光)進行評估。加工後之GaN結晶之最深表面傷痕深度為0.05微米,平均加工變質層厚度為1.5微米。其結果歸納為表2。
使用與實施例1相同之加工裝置,在室溫下,一面將材質為SiC且粒徑為10微米之游離磨料供給至轉盤表面,一面使安裝在結晶支架上作為氮化物半導體結晶之GaN壓附於供
給有游離磨料之轉盤表面,並使轉盤以每分鐘50轉之速度旋轉10小時,藉此進行GaN結晶表面之加工。加工後之GaN結晶之最深表面傷痕深度為5微米,平均加工變質層厚度為10微米。結果歸納為表2。
除使用粒徑5微米之遊離磨料以外,其餘以與比較例1相同之條件,進行GaN結晶表面之加工,結果歸納為表2。
除結晶表面之加工時間為5小時以外,其餘以與實施例1相同之條件,進行GaN結晶表面之加工。其結果,最深表面傷痕深度為測定限度以下且不到0.01微米,平均加工變質層厚度為測定極限以下且不到1微米。結果歸納為表2。
除了使用純度為90%之Na作為加工液以外,其餘以與實施例2相同之條件,進行GaN結晶表面之加工,結果歸納為表2。另外,藉由輝光放電質量分析測定Na所含雜質,結果檢測出Fe、Mg、Ti、Sc與V。
使用表2中所示之加工液,藉由表2中所示之加工溫度與加工時間,進行GaN結晶表面之加工,結果歸納為表2。
使用表3中所示之加工液,藉由表3中所示之加工溫度與加工時間,進行GaN結晶表面之加工,結果歸納為表3。
除使用圖3所示之於加工面上形成有溝槽之轉盤B34作為轉盤以外,以與實施例1相同之條件,進行GaN結晶表面之加工。另外,本實施例中使用之轉盤B之溝槽深度D為1毫米,溝槽寬度為1毫米,溝槽間距P為2毫米。結果歸納為表4。
除將加工溫度與加工時間變更為表4中所示者以外,以與實施例1相同之條件,進行GaN結晶表面之加工。結果歸納為表4。
除將加工之結晶更換為表4中所示之結晶以外,以與實施例2相同之條件,進行各種結晶表面之加工。結果歸納為表4。
將比較例2與實施例1相比,可以知道藉由使用本發明中使用的加工液中之一種之Na代替磨料粒徑為5微米之磨料,而使最深表面傷痕深度由2微米顯著減為0.05微米,平均加工變質層厚度由8微米顯著減為1.5微米。另外,將實施例1與實施例2相比較,可以知道藉由在加工溫度為800℃下將加工時間由1小時變更為5小時,則最深表面傷痕深度不到0.01微米,平均加工變質層厚度不到1微米,可以進行精度極高之表面加工。
另外,如實施例4~13所示,即使使用Li、Ca或該等與Na之混合液代替Na作為加工液,也可以進行最深表面傷痕深度不到0.01微米、平均加工變質層厚度不到1微米之高精度平面加工。尤其如實施例6、實施例8、實施例12~實施例14所示,藉由使用至少含有Li之加工液,可以提高加工速度,縮短加工時間。另外,將實施例2與實施例15相比,使用加工平面上有溝槽之轉盤代替加工平面為平面之轉盤,可以將加工時間由5小時縮短為1小時。另外,如實施例16~18所示,相對於加工溫度300℃~1000℃之下,藉由將加工溫度適當地設定為20小時~3小時,可以進行最深表面傷痕深度不到0.01微米、平均加工變質層厚度不到1微米之高精度平面加工。此外,如實施例19~22所示,加工結晶並不限於GaN結晶,對於AlN結晶、AlGaN結晶、InN結晶、InGaN結晶等各種氮化物半導體結晶均可進行高精度表面加工。
本說明書所揭示之實施方式與實施例應視其全部內容為
例示而非限制者。本發明之範圍係藉由申請專利範圍予以揭示而非上述說明之內容,其涵蓋與申請專利範圍之意義均等以及其範圍內之所有變更。
如上所述,本發明可以廣泛運用於表面傷痕深度與加工變質層厚度較小之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法及以該方法得到之氮化物半導體結晶。
11‧‧‧氮化物半導體結晶
12‧‧‧結晶支架
13‧‧‧旋轉軸
14‧‧‧轉盤
15‧‧‧加工液
24‧‧‧轉盤A
34‧‧‧轉盤B
D‧‧‧溝槽深度
W‧‧‧溝槽寬度
P‧‧‧溝槽間距
圖1係說明本發明之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法之圖。
圖2係表示本發明中使用之一種轉盤之側視剖面圖。
圖3係表示本發明中使用之另一種轉盤之側視剖面圖。
11‧‧‧氮化物半導體結晶
12‧‧‧結晶支架
13‧‧‧旋轉軸
14‧‧‧轉盤
15‧‧‧加工液
Claims (4)
- 一種氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,其特徵在於係使作為加工液之一液體與氮化物半導體結晶之表面接觸,該液體係選自Na、NaNH2 、NaI、NaBr、NaCl、Li、LiNH2 、LiI、LiBr、LiCl、LiF、Ca、CaI2 、CaBr2 及CaCl2 所成群中之至少一種;且前述加工液與前述氮化物半導體結晶之表面接觸係以下述方式進行:於前述加工液之熔點以上沸點以下之加工溫度下,使前述氮化物半導體結晶介以前述加工液而壓附於轉盤,使前述轉盤相對於前述氮化物半導體結晶相對移動,藉此進行接觸。
- 如請求項1之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,其中前述加工液係至少含有Na之液體,前述加工液中之Na含有率為5莫耳%~95莫耳%。
- 如請求項1之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,其中前述加工液係至少含有Li之液體,前述加工液中之Li含有率為5莫耳%~100莫耳%。
- 如請求項1之氮化物半導體結晶表面之加工方法,其中前述氮化物半導體結晶係Alx Gay In1-x-y N半導體結晶(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦x+y≦1)。
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