TWI394482B - Color control of white led lamps - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
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Abstract
Description
LED(發光二極體)白光光源預期對於一般照明市場具有主要影響。白光發光二極體燈泡係基於加色混合，其與基於磷光轉換之白光發光二極體燈泡相比係具有下列不同優勢：更高發光效能及更高發光效率、通常量化為更高CRI(演色性指數)之較佳演色性、可調色溫、產生可變彩色光之可能性。LED (light emitting diode) white light sources are expected to have a major impact on the general lighting market. White light-emitting diode bulbs are based on additive color mixing, which has the following advantages over phosphorescent-converted white light-emitting diode bulbs: higher luminous efficacy and higher luminous efficiency, usually quantified as higher CRI (color rendering) Sex index) The preferred color rendering, color temperature, and the possibility of producing variable color light.
LED(發光二極體)白光光源預期對於一般照明市場具有主要影響。白光發光二極體燈泡係基於加色混合，其與基於磷光轉換之白光發光二極體燈泡相比係具有下列不同優勢：更高發光效能及更高發光效率、通常量化為更高CRI(演色性指數)之較佳演色性、可調色溫、產生可變彩色光之可能性。LED (light emitting diode) white light sources are expected to have a major impact on the general lighting market. White light-emitting diode bulbs are based on additive color mixing, which has the following advantages over phosphorescent-converted white light-emitting diode bulbs: higher luminous efficacy and higher luminous efficiency, usually quantified as higher CRI (color rendering) Sex index) The preferred color rendering, color temperature, and the possibility of producing variable color light.
此等發光二極體燈泡必須經最佳化，以發現介於通常量化為一大發光效能或一大發光效率之一大系統效率，及通常量化為一大CRI之良好演色性間的最佳可能折衷。對於基於加色混合的任何白光發光二極體燈泡而言，產生高品質白光之可能性在此認知上係最重要。以流明/瓦特表達之發光效能係由該燈泡發射的總光通量及由該燈泡發射之總光學功率間的比例。亦以流明/瓦特表達之發光效率係由燈泡發射的總光通量及給予燈泡之總功率輸入間的比例。發光效率係等於發光效能乘以由電力轉換成光學功率之效率。依據本發明之燈泡的高發光效率意指在更小功率消耗處獲得一特定量之光。最終，目標係一高發光效率。然而，量化用以將電力轉換成光學功率之效率係繁瑣，且可能需要且足以依一近似方式將其計入。CRI係一用來指示一光源與一相同色溫之參考來源相比下的演色精度的CIE(國際照明委員會)刻度，且係用於八標準色彩Ra8 的平均。在1至100之刻度上表示時，一100的值指示不失真。低CRI比率指示物件之色彩將看似在特定光源下失真。將需要混合多於三色彩以達到大於80之演色性指數。尤其對於白光發光二極體燈泡而言，良好演色性之其他定量特徵係可行且充分相等地使用。These LED bulbs must be optimized to find the best system efficiency between one of the major luminescence efficiencies or one luminosity efficiency, and the best color characterization that is usually quantified as a large CRI. May be compromised. For any white light-emitting diode bulb based on additive color mixing, the possibility of producing high quality white light is of the utmost importance. The luminous efficacy expressed in lumens per watt is the ratio between the total luminous flux emitted by the bulb and the total optical power emitted by the bulb. The luminous efficiency also expressed in lumens per watt is the ratio of the total luminous flux emitted by the bulb to the total power input to the bulb. The luminous efficiency is equal to the luminous efficiency multiplied by the efficiency of conversion from electrical power to optical power. The high luminous efficiency of a bulb according to the invention means that a specific amount of light is obtained at a lower power consumption. Ultimately, the target is a high luminous efficiency. However, quantifying the efficiency of converting power to optical power is cumbersome and may be needed and sufficient to account for it in an approximate manner. CRI is a CIE (International Commission on Illumination) scale used to indicate the color rendering accuracy of a light source compared to a reference source of the same color temperature, and is used for the averaging of eight standard colors Ra 8 . When represented on a scale from 1 to 100, a value of 100 indicates no distortion. A low CRI ratio indicates that the color of the object will appear to be distorted under a particular light source. It will be necessary to mix more than three colors to achieve a color rendering index greater than 80. Especially for white light-emitting diode bulbs, other quantitative features of good color rendering are feasible and used equally well.
已知的色彩控制演算法受限於混合二或三色彩或未使發光效率及/或CRI最佳化。一種用於藉由適當選擇各發光二極體波長以混合四發光二極體之光來達到一至少Ra8 >85之CRI的方法，係揭示於US 5,851,063號中。此等方法係可用於例如物件之適當照明。然而，由於製造時發光二極體波長的較大分布，其實際上幾乎難以使用。在US 2002/0097000中揭示一種使用三原色的發光系統，其係用於提供電力至發光二極體光源以產生所需之色彩。其提供流明輸出之預估以及欲產生使一記憶表可用之所需光的色度座標。已擴展色域之顯示器係自WO 01/95544得知，其使用至少四原色。所產生之圖形或圖表包括使用於顯示器之原色，且此外包括一或多個允許將三值色彩空間信號轉換成一原色空間信號之中間點。Known color control algorithms are limited to mixing two or three colors or not optimizing luminous efficiency and/or CRI. A method for achieving a CRI of at least Ra 8 >85 by appropriately selecting the wavelength of each of the light-emitting diodes to mix the light of the four light-emitting diodes is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,851,063. These methods can be used, for example, for proper illumination of objects. However, it is practically difficult to use due to the large distribution of the wavelength of the light-emitting diode during manufacture. An illumination system using three primary colors is disclosed in US 2002/0097000 for providing power to a light emitting diode source to produce the desired color. It provides an estimate of the lumen output and a chromaticity coordinate to produce the desired light to make a memory meter available. A display having an extended color gamut is known from WO 01/95544, which uses at least four primary colors. The resulting graph or chart includes the primary colors used in the display, and further includes one or more intermediate points that allow the conversion of the three-valued color space signal into a primary color space signal.
然而，此對於照明並不適合，因為除了以所需色彩座標及亮度造成光以外，同樣重要的係同時具有良好演色及高發光效率。However, this is not suitable for illumination because, in addition to causing light with desired color coordinates and brightness, it is equally important to have both good color rendering and high luminous efficiency.
因此，本發明之一目的在於提供一演算法，用於混合四且更多色彩，以產生具有良好演色性及高發光效率的光。Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an algorithm for mixing four and more colors to produce light with good color rendering and high luminous efficiency.
根據本發明的方法係用於將一三值色彩空間信號(較佳係依CIE刻度給定)轉換成一n原色空間信號(n係4之整數)，其使用一以二維空間表達的色度圖，其中該二維表示該三值色彩空間之一第一值及一第二值，該色度圖包括各對應於該等原色之一之n點P1 至Pn ，該方法包含：映射在色度圖上之至少一點P0 ，點P0 表示一色彩且在一具有角點P1 至Pn 之多邊形內；映射該色度圖上之n三角形區域，各三角形區域具有點P0 及自點P1 至Pn 選出之二相鄰點作為其角點；映射該色度圖上之三值色彩空間信號成為一點Px ；決定該點Px 係位於哪一三角形，該三角形係由點P0 及來自P1 至Pn 之二點形成，使用形成該三角形之三色彩以產生一相加式線性組合；藉由表示色彩P0 對n原色空間信號之貢獻且藉由表示二其他點之色彩對n原色空間信號的貢獻，以解出該加法線性組合；就已儲存資料中之最大CRI及最大發光效率選擇針對P0 之最佳線性組合；將P0 對於該最佳線性組合的所有貢獻及該二其他點之色彩對該n原色空間信號的該等貢獻以一常數因子相乘，以產生一表示該三值色彩空間之第三值的某亮度；藉由表示該點P1 至Pn 之色彩的已相乘貢獻，顯示因此導出Px 之最佳線性組合。The method according to the invention is for converting a ternary color space signal (preferably given by the CIE scale) into an n primary color space signal (n system An integer of 4) using a chromaticity diagram expressed in a two-dimensional space, wherein the two-dimensional representation represents a first value and a second value of the three-valued color space, the chromaticity diagram including each corresponding to the primary colors One of the n points P 1 to P n , the method comprising: mapping at least a point P 0 on the chromaticity diagram, the point P 0 representing a color and being within a polygon having corner points P 1 to P n ; In the n-triangle region on the chromaticity diagram, each triangular region has a point P 0 and two adjacent points selected from points P 1 to P n as its corner points; mapping the three-valued color space signal on the chromaticity diagram becomes a point P x Determining which triangle the point P x is located from, which is formed by the point P 0 and two points from P 1 to P n , using the three colors forming the triangle to produce an additive linear combination; The contribution of the color P 0 to the n primary color space signal and by expressing the contribution of the color of the other points to the n primary color space signal to solve the additive linear combination; the maximum CRI and the maximum luminous efficiency in the stored data are selected for P the best linear combination of 0; P 0 will all tribute to the best linear combination The color and the other two points of the primary color space such contribution to the signal n multiplied by a constant factor, to generate a third value to indicate that a luminance of the color space of the three-value; represented by the points P 1 to P The multiplied contribution of the color of n shows the best linear combination of P x thus derived.
當混合三色彩而可實行一高達89之CRI時，混合四色彩對於介於85及98間之CRI值係最有效，其將會滿足一般發光的大多數需要。混合五色彩導致僅稍大的CRI值。因此，混合四色彩(即n＝4)將最適用於產生白光。When a three color is mixed to achieve a CRI of up to 89, the mixed four colors are most effective for CRI values between 85 and 98, which will satisfy most of the general illumination requirements. Mixing five colors results in only slightly larger CRI values. Therefore, mixing four colors (ie n=4) would be most suitable for producing white light.
根據本發明之一較佳具體實施例，導致具有色度座標在黑體線或接近其(其具有大發光效率及大CRI)之白光的不同彩色發光二極體之強度設定，係經預先計算且儲存在查找表中。此係依此等強度可針對任何色溫或相關色溫擷取(例如藉由內插法)之方式完成。對於能用此方式混合之色彩的數目實際上並無限制，因為此等計算係離線執行。為了以其他色度座標產生光，表示一在黑體線上或接近其之輔助色彩及二原色的一點被選出，以形成一在含有所需色彩之CIE色度圖中的三角形。用於混合三色彩之眾所皆知的演算法係接著應用於此三角形。用於將一三值色彩空間信號轉換成一n原色空間信號的方法可藉由使用二輔助色彩及一原色或三輔助色彩，而非一輔助色彩及二原色來修改。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intensity setting of different color light-emitting diodes having white light with a chromaticity coordinate on a black line or close to it (which has a large luminous efficiency and a large CRI) is pre-calculated and Stored in the lookup table. This intensity can be achieved for any color temperature or correlated color temperature (eg, by interpolation). There is virtually no limit to the number of colors that can be mixed in this manner, as such calculations are performed offline. To produce light with other chromaticity coordinates, a point on the black line or near the auxiliary color and the two primary colors is selected to form a triangle in the CIE chromaticity diagram containing the desired color. A well-known algorithm for mixing three colors is then applied to this triangle. The method for converting a ternary color space signal into an n primary color space signal can be modified by using two auxiliary colors and one primary color or three auxiliary colors instead of one auxiliary color and two primary colors.
對於一白光發光二極體燈泡，將會規定在CIE色度圖中之色彩座標x與y及欲產生的光之亮度。若混合三色彩且其波長(或色彩座標)係固定，則其強度係非歧義地決定且可立即從座標x和y及欲產生之光的亮度計算出。For a white light emitting diode bulb, the color coordinates x and y in the CIE chromaticity diagram and the brightness of the light to be produced will be specified. If three colors are mixed and their wavelength (or color coordinates) is fixed, their intensity is determined unambiguously and can be immediately calculated from the coordinates x and y and the brightness of the light to be produced.
使用一用於混合四或更多色彩的演算法，至少一輔助色彩的強度係用作建立一色彩控制演算法之參數。具有預定色點的輔助色彩係藉由混合原色發光二極體色彩之光獲得。該等發光二極體色點形成一含有輔助色彩之色點的多邊形。具有發光二極體色點之色彩的相對強度係藉由輔助色點之色彩座標及以良好演色性與高發光效率產生光的需要而非歧義地決定。其絕對強度係與輔助色點之色彩強度成比例。輔助色點之選擇取決於最後意欲產生之光的色點。可混合可用原色之光產生的各色彩具有在一由輔助色彩及二原色形成的三角形內之色度座標。用於混合三色彩之眾所皆知的演算法接著應用於此三角形。Using an algorithm for mixing four or more colors, the intensity of at least one auxiliary color is used as a parameter to establish a color control algorithm. The auxiliary color having a predetermined color point is obtained by mixing the light of the primary color light emitting diode. The light-emitting diode dots form a polygon containing color points of the auxiliary color. The relative intensity of the color having the color point of the light-emitting diode is determined by the color coordinates of the auxiliary color point and the need to generate light with good color rendering and high luminous efficiency, rather than ambiguously. Its absolute intensity is proportional to the color intensity of the auxiliary color point. The choice of the auxiliary color point depends on the color point of the light that is ultimately intended to be produced. Each color produced by mixing the light of the primary color has a chromaticity coordinate within a triangle formed by the auxiliary color and the two primary colors. A well-known algorithm for mixing three colors is then applied to this triangle.
執行即時演算法需要一些計算工作。此係可用數位信號處理器及微控制器實行。然而，取決於實際之考慮，較佳係使用一具有更低計算功率及更多記憶體之處理器取代。此涉及離線進行一些計算且將其結果儲存在查找表中。目前已知的演算法並不充分適合此一程序。若將混合多於三色彩，則演算法產生之計算工作可能變得不實際。Performing an immediate algorithm requires some computational work. This can be implemented with a digital signal processor and a microcontroller. However, depending on practical considerations, it is preferred to replace it with a processor with lower computational power and more memory. This involves doing some calculations offline and storing the results in a lookup table. The currently known algorithms are not well suited for this procedure. If more than three colors are to be mixed, the computational work generated by the algorithm may become impractical.
根據本發明之系統係用於將一三值色彩空間信號(較佳係依CIE刻度給定)轉換成一n原色空間信號(n係4之整數)，其使用一以二維空間表達的色度圖，其中該二維表示該三值色彩空間之一第一值及一第二值，該色度圖包括各對應於該等原色之一之n點P1 至Pn ，該系統包含：一資料儲存裝置，其係用於儲存該等原色之光的至少一相加式線性組合所用之CRI及發光效率資料，其中色點P1 至Pn 針對該色度圖上之該至少一點P0 與色點P0 產生光，該點P0 表示一色彩且係在一具有角點P1 至Pn 之多邊形內；一控制器，其係用於決定表示該三值色彩空間信號之點Px 係位於哪一三角形，該三角形係由點P0 及來自P1 至Pn 之二點形成，且產生一該色彩P0 對n原色空間信號之貢獻及二其他點的色彩對n原色空間信號之貢獻的相加式線性組合；該控制器用於藉由使用來自該資料儲存裝置之已儲存資料，就最大CRI及最大發光效率來針對P0 選擇最佳線性組合。The system according to the present invention is for converting a ternary color space signal (preferably given by the CIE scale) into an n primary color space signal (n system An integer of 4) using a chromaticity diagram expressed in a two-dimensional space, wherein the two-dimensional representation represents a first value and a second value of the three-valued color space, the chromaticity diagram including each corresponding to the primary colors One of n points P 1 to P n , the system comprising: a data storage device for storing CRI and luminous efficiency data for at least one additive linear combination of light of the primary colors, wherein the color point P 1 to P n generate light for the at least one point P 0 and the color point P 0 on the chromaticity diagram, the point P 0 representing a color and being within a polygon having corner points P 1 to P n ; a controller Which is used to determine which triangle the point P x representing the ternary color space signal is located, the triangle being formed by the point P 0 and two points from P 1 to P n , and generating a pair of colors P 0 An additive linear combination of the contribution of the n primary color space signal and the contribution of the color of the other points to the n primary color space signal; the controller is configured to maximize CRI and maximum luminous efficiency by using stored data from the data storage device To choose the best linear combination for P 0 .
圖1描述一根據本發明之一具體實施例用於轉換來源資料以計算原色之貢獻位準的色度圖。一在黑體線處或接近其之點P0 較佳係藉由規定一色溫加以選定。導致具有此色彩及一大發光效能及一大CRI(已預先計算並儲存在查找表中)的光之純色P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 與P5 的強度被擷取，且視需要加以內插。P1 表示一綠光發光二極體，P2 表示一黃光發光二極體，P3 表示一紅光發光二極體，P4 表示一藍光發光二極體且P5 表示一青光發光二極體。若一發光二極體無功率以產生所需光(例如由於熱原因或電流限制)，則可使用相同色彩的數個發光二極體。現在所應用的演算法之目的係要決定發光二極體P1 …、P5 之亮度值Y1 、…、Y5 以產生具有色點Px 及亮度Yx 之光，該光具有良好發光效率及CRI，其中Yx ＝Y1 ＋Y2 ＋Y3 ＋Y4 ＋Y5 。以一常數因子乘以發光二極體之亮度值Y1 、…、Y5 將導致局已混合光之亮度Yx 由相同因子相乘，不影響色點Px ，不影響CRI且取決於用以調整發光二極體之亮度的方法而不影響或僅稍微影響發光效率。1 depicts a chromaticity diagram for converting source data to calculate a contribution level of a primary color in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, P 0 at or near the black body line is selected by specifying a color temperature. The intensity of the solid colors P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 and P 5 of light having this color and a large luminous efficacy and a large CRI (pre-calculated and stored in the look-up table) is taken, and Need to be interpolated. P 1 denotes a green light emitting diode, P 2 denotes a yellow light emitting diode, P 3 denotes a red light emitting diode, P 4 denotes a blue light emitting diode and P 5 denotes a blue light emitting diode Polar body. If a light-emitting diode has no power to produce the desired light (eg, due to thermal or current limitations), several light-emitting diodes of the same color can be used. The current object-based algorithm is applied to the light emission diode P 1 ..., P 5 of the luminance values Y 1, ..., Y 5 to generate light having a color point and brightness Y x P x of the light emission with good Efficiency and CRI, where Y x = Y 1 + Y 2 + Y 3 + Y 4 + Y 5 . Multiplying the constant value by the luminance values Y 1 , . . . , Y 5 of the light-emitting diodes will cause the luminance Y x of the already mixed light to be multiplied by the same factor, without affecting the color point P x , without affecting the CRI and depending on The method of adjusting the brightness of the light-emitting diode does not affect or only slightly affect the light-emitting efficiency.
若純色P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 及P5 之色度座標例如由於溫度變化而移動，則亦將使用此等預先計算的值。此導致一具有不在黑體線上而係接近其之色度座標的色彩。由此偏差引入之誤差將較小。該演算法確保任何所需光之色度座標係正確。在演色指數及發光效率中將僅有小差別。可混合可用純色之光產生的各色彩具有在一由輔助色彩及二純色形成之三角形內的色度座標。用於混合三色彩之眾所皆知的演算法係應用於此三角形。If the chromaticity coordinates of the solid colors P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 and P 5 move, for example, due to temperature changes, these pre-calculated values will also be used. This results in a color having a chromaticity coordinate that is not on the black body line and is close to it. The error introduced by this deviation will be small. This algorithm ensures that the chromaticity coordinates of any desired light are correct. There will be only small differences in color rendering index and luminous efficiency. Each color produced by mixing light of a solid color has a chromaticity coordinate within a triangle formed by an auxiliary color and two solid colors. A well-known algorithm for mixing three colors is applied to this triangle.
圖2顯示與圖1相同色度映射，但與在黑體線上或接近其之一點Px 或一點P0 不同的係其顯示黑體線本身成為虛線。Figure 2 shows the same chromaticity mapping in FIG. 1, but with a bold line in or near the point P 0 P x or different lines that display bold dashed lines in the line itself.
圖3顯示一具有CRI之值及發光效能([lm/W])之圖式，其係藉由全部導致相同色彩之原色的某些線性組合Q來達成，其特徵在於其色彩座標及亮度。更關注之線性組合係該等與黑點對應者，其係在所有點之區域的邊界線上，即其對應於一認知上沒有兼具更大CRI及更大發光效能之其他組合的最佳方式。取決於該等值之任一者作為最高重要性，在黑點中之Q0 、Q1 及Q2 係經適當選擇的範例，若最大CRI之重要性較高時為Q0 ，若最大發光效能之重要性較高時為Q2 ，且若尋找其等間之折衷時係Q1 。Figure 3 shows a graph with CRI values and luminous efficacy ([lm/W]), which is achieved by some linear combination Q of all primary colors that result in the same color, characterized by its color coordinates and brightness. The more linear combination of concerns is the one that corresponds to the black point, which is on the boundary line of the region of all points, that is, it corresponds to a best way of cognitively having no combination of greater CRI and greater luminous efficacy. . Depending on whether the value is the highest importance, Q 0 , Q 1 and Q 2 in the black point are appropriately selected examples. If the importance of the maximum CRI is high, Q 0 , if the maximum illuminance When the importance of performance is high, it is Q 2 , and if it is found to be a compromise between the two , it is Q 1 .
圖4顯示如圖1之相同色度映射，其顯示本發明之一具體實施例，以多於一點P0 開始。Figure 4 shows the same chromaticity mapping of FIG. 1, which shows one specific embodiment of the present invention, in order to start more than one point P 0.
圖1中所示以色點Px 來控制造成光所需之點P0 將被置於連接S1 及S2 的線上。點S1 、S2 、S3 、S4 係在黑體線上或接近其處。針對P0 之發光二極體的強度將藉由內插法從針對S1 、S2 、S3 及S4 事先計算且儲存之該等導出。The point P 0 required to cause the light to be caused by the color point P x shown in Fig. 1 will be placed on the line connecting S 1 and S 2 . Points S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 are on or near the black body line. The intensity of the light-emitting diodes for P 0 will be derived by interpolation from those previously calculated and stored for S 1 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 .
圖5顯示如圖1之相同色度映射，其顯示本發明的一具體實施例，使用數點S1 、S2 、S3 、…、S5 而非一點P0 。Figure 5 shows the same chromaticity mapping of Figure 1, which shows a specific embodiment of the present invention, using the number of points S 1, S 2, S 3 , ..., S 5 rather that P 0.
可在一三角形中製成所有色彩。例如Px 係在三角形S2 P2 P3 中。已概述以此3色彩混合的光，以獲得具有色彩Px 及所需強度的光。發光二極體之強度係針對S1 、S2 、S3 、…、S5 事先計算且儲存。All colors can be made in one triangle. For example, P x is in the triangle S 2 P 2 P 3 . 3 have been outlined in this light color mixing to obtain light having a desired color and intensity P x. The intensity of the light-emitting diode is calculated and stored in advance for S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , ..., S 5 .
圖1描述一根據本發明之一具體實施例用於轉換來源資料以計算原色之貢獻位準的色度圖；圖2顯示與圖1相同色度映射；圖3顯示一具有CRI之值及發光效能([lm/W])之圖式；及圖4顯示如圖1之相同色度映射。1 depicts a chromaticity diagram for converting source data to calculate a contribution level of a primary color in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 shows the same chromaticity map as FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 shows a value having CRI and luminescence. The pattern of performance ([lm/W]); and Figure 4 shows the same chromaticity map as in Figure 1.
圖5顯示如圖1之相同色度映射。Figure 5 shows the same chromaticity map as in Figure 1.
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| EP (1) | EP1878318B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4989627B2 (en) |
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| CN101161034A (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| US8115779B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 |
| ES2375211T3 (en) | 2012-02-27 |
| JP4989627B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| WO2006109237A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
| US20080169770A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
| EP1878318A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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| EP1878318B1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
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