TWI393112B - 功率發光二極體之諧振控制裝置 - Google Patents
功率發光二極體之諧振控制裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/39—Circuits containing inverter bridges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
- H05B45/42—Antiparallel configurations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
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- Led Devices (AREA)
Description
發光二極體在顯示器裝置中的使用已為吾人所熟知。由於最初具有較少的光線輸出,很久以來,發光二極體係限制於此應用領域。然而最近,由於已具有充分的光線輸出,亦能滿足照明應用之要求,故發光二極體變得日益有用。通常將複數個發光二極體配置至一矩陣中。將此時已知功率最大的發光二極體表示為「功率發光二極體」。其光線輸出相當於複數個白熾燈。通常藉由一恆定的電流來源對該等發光二極體進行控制,以便偵測流過該等二極體的電流,並將其控制為一既定的需要值。此處,有可能藉由脈衝寬度調變來使發光二極體變黯淡。若欲利用已想到的與其功能性及尺寸有關的發光二極體的優點,則有必要對發光二極體進行控制,此同時具有成本效率。該控制的任務係實現與亮度及色彩或色溫有關的實質性照明要求。
美國專利第US 2003/0043611 A1號揭示一種用以為發光二極體之操作提供電源供應及控制的電路配置,其有可能控制該等二極體的亮度。將連接至一DC(直流)電壓來源並具有可變輸出頻率的一DC/AC轉換器與至少二可控制的電源開關結合使用,用以將藉由DC電壓來源提供的供應電壓轉換成一AC(交流)電壓。將一負載電路連接至該DC/AC轉換器之輸出,該電路包括一諧振部件,並包含該發光二極體。該負載電路之該等電源開關的切換頻率係可變的,
目的在於控制該發光二極體之亮度。該等發光二極體(具有或沒有整流器)可直接連接至諧振電路,該諧振電路係藉由一頻率調變半橋或全橋來供應,用於亮度控制。
歐洲專利第0 314 324 A1號揭示一種量氧計系統,其包括由一全橋反相器組成的一發光二極體電源供應,該反相器係直接連接至二反平行的發光二極體,該等發光二極體具有不同的發射頻率。該反相器係經過調變,以便使用一不同的固定設置頻率來操作每一發光二極體。
其他已知系統的共同之處在於,較佳使用一二級電壓轉換器來控制一發光二極體的亮度,或控制數個串聯(與上述二單級系統形成對比)發光二極體的亮度。一第一AC/DC轉換器供應所需的發光二極體DC電壓(如:自主電壓供應),且一第二AC/DC轉換器形成脈衝寬度調變電流來源。需要數個此等AC/DC轉換器經由混合來自數個發光二極體的光線來控制色彩。此導致構造尺寸因色彩的數量而變得相當大。此外,由於構造複雜,已發現該等已知的系統成本高昂。
本發明的目的係解決此問題。為到達此目的,本發明為一種用於功率發光二極體的諧振控制裝置提供亮度及色彩控制,其具有減少的元件數量和較小的構造尺寸。依據本發明,藉由一用於功率發光二極體之諧振控制裝置,可實現此目的,該控制裝置包括一單一諧振轉換器,用於對二發光二極體或二群組之發光二極體進行同步、獨立的亮度
及色彩控制,該轉換器係實質上由具有一控制單元的一半橋或全橋DC/AC轉換器、一諧振電容器及一變壓器形成。
本發明為一種用於功率發光二極體的諧振控制裝置提供亮度及色彩控制,其具有減少的元件數量和較小的構造尺寸。為二發光二極體或二群組之發光二極體(提供二或更多群組,其中二群組係獨立控制)使用實質上由一DC/AC轉換器、一諧振電容器及一變壓器組成的一單一諧振轉換器,且同時元件數量因此明顯減少,如此可降低成本。
在本發明的另一項具體實施例中,由該等二極體發出的光線為該控制單元形成一輸入值,以便藉由光耦合獲得代表該輸入值的輸入信號。從而,發出的光線將跟隨位於DC/AC轉換器之初級側的二參考信號,並因而變得獨立於溫度或老化。
或者,可測量並回授欲控制的位於次級側的電流,將使該等電流與該等二發光二極體或二群組發光二極體關聯。
在本發明的一項具體實施例中,每一次均以串聯連接將數個發光二極體共同連接成為陣列群組。因此,依據特定的照明要求,可控制各種發光二極體配置。
在本發明的另一項具體實施例中,該等發光二極體係經由變壓器之次級側供應電壓。因而,後者可僅包括一單一繞組,該等二發光二極體(或二群組之發光二極體)係反平行連接於其上。因此,該等二發光二極體(或二群組之發光二極體)係被連續供應,即第一個係藉由次級變壓器電流的第一(正)半波供應,且第二發光二極體(群組)係藉由
次級變壓器電流的第二(負)半波供應。透過調整負載循環及位於初級側的DC/AC轉換器之一頻率,可獨立控制各自的電流。在該等二發光二極體(或二群組之發光二極體,其可由(例如)串聯連接的不同數量之發光二極體組成)的正向電壓差異很大的情況下,該變壓器的次級側也可由二繞組形成,該等繞組可能適合於該等正向電壓。選擇此等繞組的纏繞方向,以便結合與該等發光二極體(或發光二極體群組)連接之方式,再次連續供應該等發光二極體(群組)。此基本配置係藉由(例如)使用具有一中央分接頭的一繞組而產生,該分接頭係連接至該等二發光二極體(群組)之一共用陰極(或陽極),且其端部連接至該等二發光二極體(群組)之陽極(或陰極)。
在本發明的另一項具體實施例中,在引導至該中央分接頭的共用支路中配置另一發光二極體(或發光二極體群組)。全部電流在此支路中流動,即,此處配置的該發光二極體(群組)係藉由該變壓器輸出電流的二半波來供應。在此情況下,呈現於共用支路中的該發光二極體(群組)係用作一主光源,而各自僅藉由一半波來供應的另外二發光二極體(群組)係用作輔助光源。
在本發明的另一項具體實施例中,提供一切換二極體,來代替藉由一半波供應的該等發光二極體(群組)之一。此導致具有一主光源及一輔助光源的一配置。此處有可能藉由互相獨立的該等二發光二極體(群組)來調整該等電流,以便可獨立控制該混合光線的總亮度,加之使用不同色彩
的發光二極體(群組),還可獨立控制該混合光線的色彩或色溫。
該等發光二極體有利係連接至反向阻擋二極體。從而可避免該等發光二極體反向崩潰。此外,可避免該等發光二極體可能的阻擋延遲電流。
在一項較佳具體實施例中,該等發光二極體係連接至濾波電容器。從而,可減小發光二極體電流之峰值與rms值之比率。
圖1概略性顯示依據本發明的一功率發光二極體控制裝置的構造。一整流器及一濾波器1係連接至使用一交流電壓vac操作的供應網路。呈現於整流器1之輸出端的直流電壓vdc供應一DC/AC轉換器2,其係與一變壓器3連接。一電容器C係串聯連接於DC/AC轉換器2與變壓器3之間。該電容器與變壓器共同形成一諧振電路。變壓器3激發該等發光二極體41、42。
DC/AC轉換器2係實質上基於一控制裝置21,配置於一半橋電路中的二電晶體22、23與其連接。或者,該DC/AC轉換器也可構造為一全橋電路。控制裝置21的輸入端係光學連接至該等發光二極體41、42。或者,可測量並回授位於次級側且與該等半波關聯的電流。為將藉由該等發光二極體41、42發射的光線轉換成電信號,控制裝置21應包括光感測器(未顯示)。發光二極體41、42的陰極係直接在次級側處連接至變壓器3的中央分接頭33。
可調整該等二輸出電壓,以便調整發光二極體的特定正向電壓,並經由其電流控制各自的亮度,該等二輸出電壓經由連接31與中央分接頭33之間以及連接32與中央分接頭33之間的各自電感L2a與L2b產生。在較佳情況下,電感L2a,L2b為變壓器(洩漏)電感。發光二極體41發射第一色彩光線,而發光二極體42發射第二色彩光線。在此情況下,較佳的色彩係白色(第一半波)及琥珀色至橙色(約590至600 nm,另外半波)。可在該等群組內提供不同色彩的發光二極體來代替各自僅具有一色彩的發光二極體群組,(例如,也可以紅色及綠色發光二極體之混合來代替一群組中僅琥珀色彩的發光二極體)。
藉由該初級側的切換比可互相獨立地控制各自的輸出電流。光線係作為一輸入信號被返回至半橋控制。或者,可測量並回授位於次級側且與該等半波關聯的電流。此構造代表一簡單的回授路徑,如同藉由光耦合器而網路絕緣之轉換器中常見的情況。
圖2至4以電流與電壓梯度的形式顯示操作原理。如圖2所示,DC/AC轉換器2藉由諧振以一既定頻率在一50%的對稱操作循環中操作。將發光二極體41、42激發。圖2中最上面的兩條曲線各自給出變壓器的DC/AC轉換器電流iC及磁化電流iM(圖1中未顯示),其由於DC/AC轉換器之操作而產生,該操作係依據用於穩定狀態之二切換循環之vS(較低曲線)。中間的二曲線分別顯示流過發光二極體41及42的相關電流的梯度。在變壓器的一正輸出電流情況
下,即iC與iM之差異,此電流將流過發光二極體41;該變壓器輸出電流之後續負半波將隨後流過發光二極體42。
圖3顯示一改進的DC/AC轉換器操作。此處,DC/AC轉換器電壓vS之梯度具有一減少至35%的負載循環及一略微增加的頻率。因此,該變壓器輸出電流之正半波,即流過發光二極體41的電流,會保持近似相同,而流過發光二極體42的電流實質上會消失。
圖4中,DC/AC轉換器係使用一65%的負載循環來操作。此處,流過發光二極體42的電流非常明顯,而流過發光二極體41的電流實際上不存在。
圖5顯示一位於次級側之僅具有一繞組N2的輸出配置。發光二極體41、42係反平行連接。或者,可提供複數個串聯連接的發光二極體來代替發光二極體41或42(圖6)。若發光二極體41、42具有接近甚至低於其正向電壓的一崩潰電壓,或具有不可忽視的阻擋延遲行為,則可能使用反向阻擋二極體51、52,較佳使用Schottky二極體(參考圖7及8)。圖9及10顯示位於次級側之具有二繞組N2a、N2b的一配置。可另外包括濾波電容器61、62(參考圖10),用於減少發光二極體電流的峰值與rms值之比率。
圖11顯示一配置,其可能提供一發光二極體配置,其中一第一發光二極體43係用作一主光源,藉由變壓器輸出電流之二半波來激發,且一第二發光二極體42係用作一輔助光源,僅藉由負半波來激發。較佳係,發光二極體群組43之色彩係琥珀色/橙色,且發光二極體群組42為藍色/青
色。發光二極體群組42係實質上透過負載循環變化被激發至一較高或較低程度,以便改變所產生之混合光線的色彩或色溫,而頻率變化實質上會導致輸出亮度變化。
也可在圖11的電路中加入一額外的發光二極體41,作為另一輔助光源(參考圖13),以便覆蓋更寬泛的色譜或色溫範圍。隨後,此額外的發光二極體41僅藉由該等正半波來激發,與發光二極體42互補。此項具體實施例中較佳的色彩係,發光二極體(群組)43為紅色,且發光二極體(群組)41及42為青色與綠色。此配置可解決如下問題,即因為技術原因,目前可使用的紅色發光二極體在其操作電流範圍(平坦電流-電壓特徵)內具有特別高的正向電壓升高。然而,此處的有關佈局係基於理想情況下獨立於負載的輸出電壓,其進而對應於理想陡峭的二極體特徵。若將(例如)一紅色發光二極體(群組)連接至僅藉由一半波來供應的一支路,由於不能獲得全負載變化所需的電壓範圍,在某些情況下,控制能力將比較有限。此意味該等發光二極體或從未完全開啟或從未完全關閉。在上述配置中,該發光二極體群組位於共用支路中,其電壓掃掠(voltage sweep)係藉由頻率而非負載循環之不對稱程度來給定。該青色及綠色群組所需的電壓掃掠可藉由負載循環變化所覆蓋。
可再次為圖11及13之電路提供反向阻擋二極體51、52(參考圖12及14)。
1‧‧‧整流器
2‧‧‧DC/AC轉換器
3‧‧‧變壓器
4‧‧‧發光二極體
41‧‧‧發光二極體
42‧‧‧發光二極體
43‧‧‧發光二極體
5‧‧‧反向阻擋二極體
6‧‧‧濾波電容器
21‧‧‧控制裝置
22‧‧‧電晶體
23‧‧‧電晶體
31‧‧‧端子
32‧‧‧端子
33‧‧‧中央分接頭
51‧‧‧反向阻擋二極體
52‧‧‧反向阻擋二極體
61‧‧‧濾波電容器
62‧‧‧濾波電容器
L2a‧‧‧電感
L2b‧‧‧電感
以上已經由範例並參考圖式說明本發明,其中:
圖1概略性顯示一功率發光二極體控制裝置;圖2顯示圖1之發光二極體控制裝置在操作過程中的電流及電壓梯度(由二發光二極體供電);圖3顯示圖1之發光二極體控制裝置的電流及電壓梯度(發光二極體(Da)通電、DC/AC轉換器的負載因數為35%);圖4顯示圖1之發光二極體控制裝置的電流及電壓梯度(發光二極體(Db)通電、DC/AC轉換器的負載循環為65%);圖5顯示僅具有一繞組的一輸出配置;圖6顯示發光二極體的串聯配置;圖7顯示圖5中具有額外之反向阻擋二極體之配置(串聯配置);圖8顯示圖5中具有額外之反向阻擋二極體之配置(並聯配置);圖9顯示依據圖1之控制裝置具有反向阻擋二極體的一中央分接頭;圖10顯示圖9中具有額外之濾波電容器的配置;圖11顯示具有一主光源及一輔助光源的一配置;圖12顯示圖11中具有反向阻擋二極體的配置;圖13顯示圖11中具有一第二輔助光源的配置;以及圖14顯示圖13中具有反向阻擋二極體的配置。
1‧‧‧整流器
2‧‧‧DC/AC轉換器
3‧‧‧變壓器
21‧‧‧控制裝置
22‧‧‧電晶體
23‧‧‧電晶體
31‧‧‧端子
32‧‧‧端子
41‧‧‧發光二極體
42‧‧‧發光二極體
L2a‧‧‧電感
L2b‧‧‧電感
Claims (15)
- 一種用於功率發光二極體之諧振控制裝置,其包括一單一諧振轉換器,用於對二發光二極體(41、42)或二群組之發光二極體進行同步、獨立的亮度及色彩控制,該轉換器係實質上由具有一控制單元(21)的一半橋或全橋DC/AC轉換器(2)、一諧振電容器及一變壓器(3)形成。
- 如請求項1之裝置,其特徵係,藉由該等二極體(41、42)所發射的光線形成該控制單元(21)的一輸入值。
- 如請求項2之裝置,其特徵係,代表該輸入值的該輸入信號係藉由一光耦合獲得,經由此耦合,可將測得的由該等二極體(41、42)所發射的光線之輸出電流回授至該DC/AC轉換器(2)。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之裝置,其特徵係,每一次串聯連接的數個發光二極體會共同連接成為陣列群組。
- 如請求項1,2或3之裝置,其特徵係,該等發光二極體(41、42)係經由該變壓器(3)之該次級側供應電壓。
- 如請求項4之裝置,其特徵係,該等發光二極體(41、42)係經由該變壓器(3)之該次級側供應電壓。
- 如請求項1之裝置,其特徵係,該變壓器(3)具有一個次級繞組,該等發光二極體(41、42)係與該繞組反平行連接。
- 如請求項1之裝置,其特徵係,該變壓器(3)具有二個次級繞組,該等發光二極體(41、42)與之連接,以便連續向其供應電流。
- 如請求項8之裝置,其特徵係,該變壓器(3)在該次級側具有一中央分接頭(33),該等發光二極體(41、42)之共用陽極或陰極係與該分接頭連接。
- 如請求項9之裝置,其特徵係,連接另一發光二極體(43),作為該中央分接頭(33)與該等發光二極體(41、42)之該共用陰極或陽極間的一主光源,而該等發光二極體(41、42)係用作輔助光源。
- 如請求項10之裝置,其特徵係,使用一切換二極體來代替該等輔助光源發光二極體(41、42)之一。
- 如請求項7至9中任一項之裝置,其特徵係,該等發光二極體(41)的色彩係白色,且該等發光二極體(42)的色彩係琥珀色/橙色。
- 如請求項10之裝置,其特徵係,該等輔助光源發光二極體(41)的色彩係綠色,該等輔助光源發光二極體(42)的色彩係藍色/青色,且該等主光源發光二極體(43)的色彩係紅色。
- 如請求項11之裝置,其特徵係,該等輔助光源發光二極體(41、42)的色彩係藍色/青色,且該等主光源發光二極體(43)的色彩係琥珀色/橙色。
- 如請求項1之裝置,其特徵係,該等發光二極體(41、42)係連接至濾波電容器(61、62)。
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Also Published As
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KR101177086B1 (ko) | 2012-08-27 |
WO2005048658A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
JP5122141B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
EP1685745B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
EP1685745A1 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
KR20060115874A (ko) | 2006-11-10 |
JP2007511903A (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
US7573729B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 |
US20070080652A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
CN1879453A (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
TW200521954A (en) | 2005-07-01 |
CN1879453B (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
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