TWI392266B - Methods for seamless delivery of broadcast and multicast content across cell borders and/or between different transmission schemes and related apparatus - Google Patents

Methods for seamless delivery of broadcast and multicast content across cell borders and/or between different transmission schemes and related apparatus Download PDF

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TWI392266B
TWI392266B TW93125259A TW93125259A TWI392266B TW I392266 B TWI392266 B TW I392266B TW 93125259 A TW93125259 A TW 93125259A TW 93125259 A TW93125259 A TW 93125259A TW I392266 B TWI392266 B TW I392266B
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Francesco Grilli
Alkinoos Hector Vayanos
Lorenzo Casaccia
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Qualcomm Inc
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跨越小區邊界及/或於不同傳輸架構中無縫傳送廣播及多播內容之方法及其相關裝置Method for seamlessly transmitting broadcast and multicast content across cell boundaries and/or in different transmission architectures and related devices

本發明一般係關於通信系統，更明確地說，係關於廣播與多播內容的傳送。The present invention relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to the transmission of broadcast and multicast content.

無線通信系統傳統上已用於載送語音流量及低資料速率之非語音流量。今日的無線通信系統係朝可載送高速資料率(HDR)多媒體流量(例如視訊、資料、以及其它類型的流量)的方式來設計。多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)頻道可用來傳輸以語音、聲音以及視訊資料源為主的串流應用，例如無線電廣播、電視廣播、以及其它類型的聲音或視訊內容。串流資料源能忍受延遲以及特定的遺失量或位元錯誤數，因為該些資料源有時候係間歇性且通常會被壓縮。就此而言，抵達無線電存取網路(RAN)之傳輸資料率可能會有很大的變化。因為應用緩衝器通常係有限的，所以，需要MBMS傳輸機制以支援可變的資料源資料率。Wireless communication systems have traditionally been used for non-voice traffic carrying voice traffic and low data rates. Today's wireless communication systems are designed to carry high-speed data rate (HDR) multimedia traffic (such as video, data, and other types of traffic). Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) channels can be used to stream streaming applications based on voice, sound, and video sources, such as radio, television, and other types of audio or video content. Streaming data sources can tolerate delays as well as specific loss or bit errors because these sources are sometimes intermittent and often compressed. In this regard, the transmission data rate to the Radio Access Network (RAN) may vary greatly. Because application buffers are typically limited, an MBMS transport mechanism is required to support variable data source data rates.

基地台通常會藉由傳輸一時常被組織成複數個封包的資訊信號以提供此等多媒體流量服務給用戶台。一個封包可能係一群可被配置成特定格式的位元組，其包含資料(酬載)以及控制元素。該等控制元件可包含，例如，一前文及一品質權值，該權值可包括一循環冗餘檢查(cyclical redundancy check；CRC)、同位位元(一或多個)及其他類型權值。一般依據一通信頻道結構而將該等封包格式化成一 訊息。該信息會在起源終端機及目的終端機之間傳送，並且可能會受到該通信頻道特徵的影響，例如信號雜訊比、信號衰減、時間變異、及其它類似的特徵。此類特徵可對不同頻道內之已調變信號有不同影響。在其它的考量中，於一無線通信頻道上傳輸一經調變之資訊信號必須選擇正確的方法來保護該經調變信號中的資訊。舉例來說，此等方法包括，編碼法、符號重複法、交錯法、及熟習本技藝的人士所熟知的其它方法。不過，該些方法都會增加附加資料。所以，設計工程必須在訊息輸送可靠度與負擔量之間作一折衷。The base station typically provides such multimedia traffic services to the subscriber station by transmitting information signals that are often organized into a plurality of packets. A packet may be a group of bytes that can be configured into a specific format, containing data (payload) and control elements. The control elements can include, for example, a preamble and a quality weight, which can include a cyclical redundancy check (CRC), a parity bit (one or more), and other types of weights. Generally, the packets are formatted into one according to a communication channel structure. message. This information is transmitted between the originating terminal and the destination terminal and may be affected by the characteristics of the communication channel, such as signal to noise ratio, signal attenuation, time variation, and other similar features. Such features can have different effects on modulated signals in different channels. In other considerations, transmitting a modulated information signal over a wireless communication channel must select the correct method to protect the information in the modulated signal. For example, such methods include coding methods, symbol repetition methods, interleaving methods, and other methods well known to those skilled in the art. However, these methods will add additional information. Therefore, design engineering must make a compromise between message delivery reliability and burden.

操作者通常會視有興趣接收該MBMS內容的用戶台或使用者設備(UE)的數量以逐個小區為基礎來選擇點對點(PTP)連接或點對多點(PTM)連接。The operator typically selects a point-to-point (PTP) connection or a point-to-multipoint (PTM) connection on a cell-by-cell basis, depending on the number of subscriber stations or user equipments (UEs) that are interested in receiving the MBMS content.

點對點(PTP)傳輸會使用專屬頻道來發送該服務給涵蓋區域中被選定的使用者。「專屬」頻道會載送送往/來自單一用戶台的資訊。點對點(PTP)傳輸中，可使用一分離的頻道來傳輸給每個行動台。舉例來說，可經由被稱為專屬流量頻道(DTCH)的邏輯頻道於前向連結或下行連結方向中來發送其中一項使用者服務的專屬使用者流量。舉例來說，若該涵蓋區域中沒有足夠多的使用者需要特定的多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)的話，點對點(PTP)通信服務通常係最有效的。於此等情況中可使用點對點(PTP)傳輸，其中基地台僅會將該服務傳輸給要求該項服務的特定使用者。舉例來說，於WCDMA系統中，於超過預設數量行動台以前， 使用專屬頻道或點對點(PTP)傳輸會比較有效。Point-to-point (PTP) transmissions use a proprietary channel to send the service to selected users in the coverage area. The "Private" channel will carry information to/from a single subscriber station. In point-to-point (PTP) transmission, a separate channel can be used for transmission to each mobile station. For example, dedicated user traffic for one of the user services may be sent in a forward link or downlink link direction via a logical channel called a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH). For example, peer-to-peer (PTP) communication services are generally most effective if there are not enough users in the coverage area to require a specific multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS). Point-to-point (PTP) transmissions may be used in such cases where the base station will only transmit the service to a particular user requesting the service. For example, in a WCDMA system, before a preset number of mobile stations, It is more efficient to use proprietary channels or point-to-point (PTP) transmissions.

「廣播通信」或「點對多點(PTM)通信」係於一共同通信頻道上和複數部行動台進行通信。一「共同」頻道會載送送往/源自多部用戶台的資訊，並且可被數部終端機同時使用。於點對多點(PTM)通信服務中，若該基地台之涵蓋區域內需要該項服務的使用者數量超過預設臨界數量的話，一小區式基地台便可於一共同頻道上廣播多媒體流量服務。於CDMA 2000系統中，通常會利用廣播或點對多點(PTM)傳輸來取代PtP傳輸，因為PtM無線電承載幾乎與PtP無線電承載同樣有效。源自一特殊基地台的共同頻道傳輸未必要與源自其它基地台的共同頻道傳輸產生同步。於一典型的廣播系統中，會有一部以上的中央台來服務一使用者廣播網。該(等)中央台可傳輸資訊給所有的用戶台，或是給一群特定的用戶台。參與廣播服務的每部用戶台間會監視一共同前向連結信號。點對多點(PTM)傳輸可能係位於下行連結或前向共同頻道上。通常會於一單向頻道(例如存在於前向連結或「下行連結」方向中的共同流量頻道(CTCH))上來廣播此共同廣播前向連結信號。由於此頻道係單向的關係，所以該用戶台通常不會與基地台進行通信，因為允許所有用戶單元反向與該基地台進行通信可能會讓該通信系統超載。因此，於點對多點(PTM)通信服務的背景中，當被該等用戶台接收的資訊中有錯誤時，該等用戶台可能無法反向與該基地台進行通信。因此，吾人可能需要其它的資訊保護方法。"Broadcast communication" or "point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication" communicates with a plurality of mobile stations on a common communication channel. A "common" channel carries information sent to/from multiple subscriber stations and can be used simultaneously by several terminals. In a point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication service, a cell-based base station can broadcast multimedia traffic on a common channel if the number of users requiring the service in the coverage area of the base station exceeds a predetermined threshold number. service. In CDMA 2000 systems, broadcast or point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions are often used instead of PtP transmissions, since PtM radio bearers are almost as efficient as PtP radio bearers. Common channel transmissions originating from a particular base station are not necessarily synchronized with common channel transmissions originating from other base stations. In a typical broadcast system, there will be more than one central station to serve a user broadcast network. The (etc.) central station can transmit information to all subscriber stations or to a specific group of subscribers. A common forward link signal is monitored between each subscriber station participating in the broadcast service. Point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions may be located on downstream links or forward common channels. This common broadcast forward link signal is typically broadcast on a one-way channel (e.g., a common traffic channel (CTCH) present in the forward link or "downlink" direction). Since this channel is a one-way relationship, the subscriber station typically does not communicate with the base station because allowing all subscriber units to communicate in reverse with the base station may overload the communication system. Thus, in the context of point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication services, when there is an error in the information received by the subscriber stations, the subscriber stations may not be able to communicate with the base station in reverse. Therefore, we may need other methods of information protection.

於CDMA 2000系統中，該用戶台可於點對多點(PTM)傳輸中進行軟結合。即使當採取步驟來保護該資訊信號，通信頻道的狀況還是可能會衰減，致使目的台無法對於專屬頻道上被傳輸的部份封包進行解碼。於此等情況中，其中一種解決方式係由目的(用戶)台利用自動重發要求(ARQ)將該等未被解碼的封包重新傳輸給起源(基地)台。重新傳輸有助於確保該資料封包的傳輸。若無法正確傳輸該資料的話，便可告知傳輸端的RLC使用者。In CDMA 2000 systems, the subscriber station can be soft coupled in point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission. Even when steps are taken to protect the information signal, the condition of the communication channel may be attenuated, rendering the destination station unable to decode the portion of the packet transmitted on the dedicated channel. In such cases, one of the solutions is to retransmit the undecoded packets to the origin (base) station by the destination (user) station using automatic repeat request (ARQ). Retransmission helps ensure the transmission of this data packet. If the data cannot be transmitted correctly, the RLC user at the transmitting end can be informed.

用戶台通常會於數種情境中進行傳輸。可以不同的方式來歸類該些傳輸。舉例來說，可將傳輸歸類為「交叉傳輸」以及「直接傳輸」。亦可將傳輸歸類為「小區間」傳輸以及「小區內」傳輸。The subscriber station usually transmits in several scenarios. The transmissions can be categorized in different ways. For example, transfers can be classified as "cross-transfer" and "direct transfer". Transmissions can also be classified as "inter-cell" transmissions and "in-cell" transmissions.

小區間或傳輸架構間的移轉可能會導致使用者不樂見的服務中斷。當用戶台或使用者設備(UE)從其中一個小區移至另一個小區或是當該服務小區中的多媒體廣播與多播服務(MBMS)內容的傳送從其中一種模式變成另一種模式時便可能會發生問題。相鄰小區的傳輸可能會彼此產生△t1的時間偏移。再者，於移轉期間可能會引起額外的延遲，因為該行動台必須決定該目標小區中的系統資訊，此決定作業需要△t2的特定時間處理量。由不同小區(或是不同傳輸頻道類型點對點(PTP)/點對多點(PTM))所傳輸的資料串可能會彼此互相抵銷。所以，於不同小區的點對多點(PTM)傳輸期間，行動台可能或會接收到兩次的相同的內容區塊，或是部份的內容區塊可能會遺失，這些都是服務品質所不 樂見的情形。視移轉的持續時間以及傳輸間的延遲或對齊偏差而定，小區間及/或點對點(PTP)傳輸與點對多點(PTM)傳輸間的移轉可能會造成服務中斷。Shifts between small intervals or transport architectures can result in service interruptions that users are not happy with. When a subscriber station or user equipment (UE) moves from one of the cells to another cell or when the transmission of multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) content in the serving cell changes from one mode to another mode A problem will occur. The transmissions of neighboring cells may produce a time offset of Δt1 from each other. Furthermore, additional delays may be incurred during the transfer because the mobile station must determine the system information in the target cell, which determines the specific time processing amount of Δt2. Data strings transmitted by different cells (or different transmission channel types, point-to-point (PTP)/point-to-multipoint (PTM)) may be offset each other. Therefore, during point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in different cells, the mobile station may receive the same content block twice, or some content blocks may be lost. These are service quality. Do not Happy situation. Depending on the duration of the transition and the delay or alignment bias between transmissions, inter-cell and/or point-to-point (PTP) transmissions and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions may cause service disruption.

所以，本技術所需要的傳輸技術將可提供服務連續性以及減少因使用者設備(UE)從一小區移至另一小區時發生移轉或是當相同服務小區中的內容傳送從點對點(PTP)連接改變成點對多點(PTM)連接(反之亦然)時發生移轉所造成的內容傳送中斷情形。此等傳輸技術較佳的係可於複數個小區邊界上及/或不同傳輸架構(例如點對多點(PTM)以及點對點(PTP))間提供無縫式傳送。同時還希望有可於此等移轉期間調整不同資料串以及從每個資料區塊中來還原內容的機制，致使不會於移轉期間遺失資料。此外還希望在接收終端機處提供可於解碼期間重新排列資料的機制。Therefore, the transmission technology required by the present technology will provide service continuity and reduce the transfer of user equipment (UE) when moving from one cell to another or when the content in the same serving cell is transmitted from point to point (PTP) The content transfer interruption caused by the transfer when the connection is changed to a point-to-multipoint (PTM) connection (or vice versa). Preferably, such transmission techniques provide seamless delivery across a plurality of cell boundaries and/or between different transmission architectures, such as point-to-multipoint (PTM) and point-to-point (PTP). It is also desirable to have mechanisms for adjusting different data strings during this transition and for restoring content from each data block so that no data is lost during the transfer. It is also desirable to provide a mechanism at the receiving terminal to rearrange the data during decoding.

本文中使用的「範例」一詞係表示「作為一範例」或「說明」。在此說明的作為任一「示範性」具體實施例不必解釋為較佳具體實施例或優於其他具體實施例。The term "example" as used in this document means "as an example" or "description". The "exemplary" specific embodiments described herein are not necessarily to be construed as preferred or preferred embodiments.

本文所使用的「行動台」一詞可與「目的台」、「用戶台」、「用戶單元」、「終端機」、以及「使用者設備(UE)」等詞互換，而且本文中係代表可和一存取網路(例如UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN))進行通信的硬體(例如基地台)。於UMTS系統中，使用者設備(UE)係一種可讓使用者存取UMTS網路服務的元件，而且較佳的係還包含一含有全部使用者之訂購資訊的USIM。一行動台可為移動的或靜止的， 並一般可包括任何經由一無線頻道或經由一有線頻道而通信(例如，使用光纖或同軸電纜)之發報機、資料元件或終端機。行動台可在包括但不限於PC卡、小型快閃記憶體(compact flash)、外部或內部數據機，或者，無線或有線電話之類的元件中得到具體化。The term "action table" used in this document can be interchanged with the words "destination station", "user station", "user unit", "terminal", and "user equipment (UE)". A hardware (eg, a base station) that can communicate with an access network, such as a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). In the UMTS system, the User Equipment (UE) is a component that allows the user to access the UMTS network service, and preferably also includes a USIM containing subscription information for all users. A mobile station can be mobile or stationary, And generally any transmitter, data element or terminal that communicates via a wireless channel or via a cable channel (eg, using fiber optic or coaxial cable). The mobile station can be embodied in components including, but not limited to, PC cards, compact flash, external or internal data machines, or wireless or wireline phones.

「連接設定狀態」一詞代表的係一行動台正在與一基地台建立主動流量頻道連接的狀態。The term "connection setting state" refers to the state in which a mobile station is establishing an active traffic channel connection with a base station.

「流量狀態」一詞代表的係一行動台已經與一基地台建立主動流量頻道連接後的狀態。The term "traffic status" refers to the state in which a mobile station has established an active traffic channel connection with a base station.

本文所使用的「通信頻道」一詞所指的係依照本文的實體頻道或邏輯頻道。The term "communication channel" as used herein refers to a physical channel or a logical channel as used herein.

本文所使用的「實體頻道」一詞代表的係載有可於空中介面中通信之使用者資料或控制資訊的頻道。實體頻道為提供無線電平台的「傳輸媒體」，資訊實際上係透過該平台來進行傳輸，而且實體頻道可用來攜載於空中介面中通信之信令與使用者資料。一實體頻道一般包含頻率擾亂碼與頻道化碼之組合於上行連結方向中可能還包含相對相位。依照該行動台試圖進行的動作而定，上行連結方向中可能會使用數個不同的實體頻道。於UMTS系統中，實體頻道一詞可能還代表針對Uu介面上不同用途所指派的不同頻寬種類。該等實體頻道會構成該使用者設備(UE)域以及網路存取域間之Uu介面的實體存在。可利用用於空中介面中傳輸資料的實體映對及屬性來定義實體頻道。The term "physical channel" as used herein refers to a channel that contains user data or control information that can be communicated in an empty intermediary. A physical channel is a "transmission medium" that provides a radio platform through which information is actually transmitted, and a physical channel can be used to carry signaling and user data for communication in an empty intermediation plane. A physical channel generally comprising a combination of a frequency scrambling code and a channelization code may also include a relative phase in the uplink connection direction. Depending on the action that the mobile station is attempting, several different physical channels may be used in the uplink direction. In the UMTS system, the term physical channel may also refer to different bandwidth types assigned for different uses on the Uu interface. The physical channels may constitute an entity of the user equipment (UE) domain and the Uu interface between the network access domains. Physical channels can be defined using entity mappings and attributes for transmitting material in an empty media plane.

本文所使用的「傳輸頻道」一詞代表的係用以於同儕實 體層實體間進行資料傳輸的通信路徑。傳輸頻道與資訊發送方式有關。一般來說有兩種傳輸頻道類型，共同傳輸頻道及專屬傳輸頻道。可利用如何於該實體層之空中介面上進行資料傳輸以及利用何種特徵來進行傳輸(舉例來說，是否使用專屬或共同實體頻道、或是是否多工處理邏輯頻道)以定義傳輸頻道。傳輸頻道可作為該實體層的服務存取點(SAP)。於UMTS系統中，傳輸頻道會描述如何傳輸該等邏輯頻道，並且將該些資訊流映對至實體頻道。傳輸頻道可用於在該媒體接取控制層(Medium Access Control；MAC)與該實體層(Physical Layer；L1)之間載送發信與使用者資料。無線電網路控制(RNC)會參見傳輸頻道。資訊會於能夠被映對至實體頻道之數個傳輸頻道中任何一者上從該MAC層傳送至該實體層。The term "transport channel" used in this article is used to identify the same The communication path for data transmission between the physical entities. The transmission channel is related to the way the information is sent. Generally speaking, there are two types of transmission channels, a common transmission channel and a dedicated transmission channel. It is possible to use how to transmit data on the empty inter-plane of the physical layer and which features to use for transmission (for example, whether to use dedicated or common physical channels, or whether to process logical channels) to define a transmission channel. The transport channel acts as a Service Access Point (SAP) for this physical layer. In the UMTS system, the transmission channel describes how to transmit the logical channels and maps the information to the physical channel. The transmission channel can be used to carry the signaling and user data between the Medium Access Control (MAC) and the Physical Layer (L1). Radio Network Control (RNC) will refer to the transmission channel. The information is transmitted from the MAC layer to the physical layer on any of a number of transmission channels that can be mapped to the physical channel.

本文所使用的「邏輯頻道」一詞代表的係傳輸特定資訊類型或該無線電介面專屬的資訊串。邏輯頻道與所發送之資訊有關。可藉由傳輸何等類型之資訊，例如，發信或使用者資料，來定義一邏輯頻道，並可將其理解為該網路及終端機應實行於不同時間點之不同任務。邏輯頻道可能會被映對至於該行動台域及該存取域間實施實際資訊傳輸的傳輸頻道。資訊會透過可經由傳輸頻道(其會被映對至實體頻道)被映對的邏輯頻道來傳送。The term "logical channel" as used herein refers to the transmission of a particular type of information or a message string specific to that radio interface. The logical channel is related to the information sent. A logical channel can be defined by transmitting any type of information, such as a message or user profile, and can be understood as a different task that the network and the terminal should perform at different points in time. The logical channel may be mapped to the mobile station domain and the transmission channel that implements the actual information transfer between the access domains. The information is transmitted via a logical channel that can be mapped via a transmission channel that will be mapped to the physical channel.

本文所使用的「專屬頻道」一詞代表的係通常專屬於一特定使用者或為一特定使用者保留的頻道，而且會載送資訊至一特定的行動台、用戶單元、或使用者設備，或是從 一特定的行動台、用戶單元、或使用者設備來載送資訊。一專屬頻道通常會攜載以既定使用者為目標的資訊，其包含該實際服務的資料以及更高層的控制資訊。可藉由在一特定頻率上之一特定碼來識別一專用頻道。一專屬頻道可能係雙向的，以便允許回授。The term "exclusive channel" as used herein generally refers to a channel reserved for a particular user or for a particular user, and will carry information to a particular mobile station, subscriber unit, or user equipment. Or from A specific mobile station, subscriber unit, or user equipment carries information. A dedicated channel usually carries information targeted to a given user, including information about the actual service and higher level control information. A dedicated channel can be identified by a particular code on a particular frequency. A dedicated channel may be bidirectional to allow for feedback.

本文所使用的「共同頻道」一詞代表的係會攜載資訊給多部行動台/從多部行動台攜載資訊的傳輸頻道。於共同頻道中，資訊會被所有的行動台共享。一共用頻道可在一單元內的所有使用者或一組使用者之間進行分割。The term "common channel" used in this article will carry information to multiple mobile stations/transmission channels carrying information from multiple mobile stations. In the common channel, information will be shared by all mobile stations. A shared channel can be split between all users or a group of users within a unit.

本文所使用的「點對點(PTP)通信」一詞所指的係會可於一專屬、實體通信頻道上被傳輸給單一行動台的通信。As used herein, the term "point-to-point (PTP) communication" refers to a communication that can be transmitted to a single mobile station on a proprietary, physical communication channel.

本文所使用的「廣播通信」或「點對多點(PTM)通信」等詞所指的係可於一共同通信頻道上和複數部行動台進行通信。As used herein, the terms "broadcast communication" or "point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication" refer to communication with a plurality of mobile stations on a common communication channel.

本文所使用的「反向連結或上行連結」一詞代表的係行動台可於無線電存取網路中透過該連結發送信號給一基地台的通信頻道/連結。此頻道亦可用於從一行動台向一行動基地台或從一行動基地台向一基地台傳輸信號。The term "reverse link or uplink link" as used herein may be used by a mobile station to transmit a signal to a base station's communication channel/link in the radio access network. This channel can also be used to transmit signals from a mobile station to an active base station or from a mobile base station to a base station.

本文所使用的「前向連結或下行連結」一詞所指的係一無線電存取網路中透過該連結發送信號給一行動台的通信頻道/連結。As used herein, the term "forward link or downlink link" refers to a communication channel/link in a radio access network through which a signal is sent to a mobile station.

本文所使用的「傳輸時間間距(TTI)」一詞代表的係資料從更高層抵達實體層的時間間隔。傳輸時間間距(TTI)可能代表的係一傳輸區塊集(TBS)的抵達之間時間，並且約等於 該實體層於該無線電介面上傳輸TBS的週期。TTI期間於一傳輸頻道上被發送的資料可能會被編碼且交錯在一起。一TTI可延展多個無線電訊框，並且可能係最小交錯週期的倍數。針對單一連接被多工在一起的不同傳輸頻道的TTI的起始位置必須進行時間排列。複數個TTI會具有一共同起始點。媒體存取控制會於每個TTI中傳送一傳輸區塊集給該實體層。被映對至同一實體層的不同傳輸頻道可能會具有不同的傳輸時間間距(TTI)持續時間，而且可於一TTI中發送多個PDU。The term "transmission time interval (TTI)" as used herein refers to the time interval at which the data arrives at the physical layer from a higher layer. Transmission time interval (TTI) may represent the time between arrivals of a transmission block set (TBS) and approximately equal The physical layer transmits the period of the TBS on the radio interface. Data transmitted on a transmission channel during TTI may be encoded and interleaved. A TTI can extend multiple radio frames and may be a multiple of the minimum interleaving period. The starting position of the TTI for different transmission channels that are multiplexed for a single connection must be time aligned. A plurality of TTIs will have a common starting point. The media access control transmits a set of transport blocks to the physical layer in each TTI. Different transmission channels that are mapped to the same physical layer may have different transmission time interval (TTI) durations, and multiple PDUs may be transmitted in one TTI.

本文中所使用的「封包」一詞代表的係一群位元，其包含被配置成特定格式的資料或酬載及控制元素。舉例來說，該等控制元素可能包括前文、品質度量值、及熟習本技術的人士所熟知的其它元素。舉例來說，品質度量值包括循環冗餘檢查(CRC)，同位位元，及熟習本技術的人士所熟知的其它類型度量值。The term "packet" as used herein refers to a group of bits that contain data or payloads and control elements that are configured in a particular format. For example, such control elements may include the foregoing, quality metrics, and other elements well known to those skilled in the art. For example, quality metrics include Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), parity bits, and other types of metrics known to those skilled in the art.

本文所使用的「存取網路」一詞所指的係存取該網路所需要的設備。存取網路可能包括由複數部基地台(BS)以及一個以上基地台控制器(BSC)所組成的集合或網路。該接取網路在多個訂戶端台之間傳送資料封包。該存取網路可能會進一步被連接到該存取網路以外的額外網路，如公司內部網路或網際網路之類，並且可在複數個存取終端及此等外部網路之間傳輸資料封包。於UMTS系統中，該存取網路可能會被稱為UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)。The term "access network" as used herein refers to the equipment required to access the network. The access network may include a collection or network of multiple base stations (BSs) and more than one base station controller (BSC). The pick-up network transmits data packets between multiple subscriber end stations. The access network may be further connected to additional networks outside the access network, such as a corporate intranet or the Internet, and may be between multiple access terminals and such external networks. Transfer data packets. In a UMTS system, the access network may be referred to as a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).

本文中所使用的「核心網路」一詞代表的係用以連接至 公眾切換電話網路(PSTN)(針對電路切換(CS)域中的電路切換呼叫)或是封包資料網路(PSDN)(針對封包切換(PS)域中的封包切換呼叫)中任一者的切換或路由功能。「核心網路」一詞還代表行動能力與用戶位置管理的路由功能以及認證服務的路由功能。該核心網路包含用於切換與用戶控制所必須的網路元素。The term "core network" used in this article is used to connect to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) (for circuit switching calls in the Circuit Switching (CS) domain) or Packet Data Network (PSDN) (for packet switching calls in the Packet Switching (PS) domain) Switch or route function. The term "core network" also refers to the routing capabilities of mobility capabilities and user location management and the routing capabilities of authentication services. This core network contains the network elements necessary for switching and user control.

本文中所使用的「基地台」一詞代表的係一「起源台」，其包含可和行動台進行通信的硬體。於UMTS系統中，可利用「節點B」一詞來替代「基地台」一詞。一基地台可能係固定的或是會移動的。The term "base station" as used in this document refers to the "original station", which contains hardware that can communicate with the mobile station. In the UMTS system, the term "Node B" can be used instead of the term "base station". A base station may be fixed or mobile.

本文中所使用的「小區」一詞代表硬體或地理涵蓋區域，視使用該術語的內文而定。The term "community" as used herein refers to a hardware or geographic coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

本文中所使用的「服務資料單元(SDU)」一詞代表可利用位於感興趣之協定上方的協定來交換的資料單元。The term "service data unit (SDU)" as used herein refers to a unit of information that can be exchanged using agreements located above the agreement of interest.

本文中所使用的「酬載資料單元(PDU)」一詞代表可利用位於感興趣之協定下方的協定來交換的資料單元。若無法清楚確認感興趣之協定的話，那麼將會以名稱來作特定提示。舉例來說，FEC-PDU為FEC層的PDU。The term "reward data unit (PDU)" as used herein refers to a unit of information that can be exchanged using an agreement located under the agreement of interest. If the agreement of interest cannot be clearly confirmed, the name will be used for specific prompts. For example, the FEC-PDU is a PDU of the FEC layer.

本文所使用的「軟交遞」一詞表示的係介於一用戶台與兩個以上區段之間的通信，其中每個區段皆屬於不同的小區。反向連結通信可被兩個區段接收，而前向連結通信則可同時於兩個以上區段的前向連結上被攜載。As used herein, the term "soft handover" refers to a communication between a subscriber station and two or more zones, each of which belongs to a different cell. The reverse link communication can be received by two segments, while the forward link communication can be carried simultaneously on the forward link of more than two segments.

本文中所使用的「更軟交遞」一詞表示的係介於一用戶台與兩個以上區段之間的通信，其中每個區段皆屬於同一 個小區。反向連結通信可被兩個區段接收，而前向連結通信則可同時於兩個以上區段的前向連結中其中一者上被攜載。The term "softer handover" as used herein refers to communication between a subscriber station and two or more zones, each of which belongs to the same a cell. The reverse link communication can be received by two segments, and the forward link communication can be carried simultaneously on one of the forward links of more than two segments.

本文中所使用的「刪除」一詞表示的係無法確認某項信息，並且還可用以代表可能於解碼時間中遺失的一組位元。The term "delete" as used herein does not identify a piece of information and can also be used to represent a set of bits that may be lost in decoding time.

「交叉移轉」一詞可定義成從點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至點對多點(PTM)傳輸，或是反向移轉。共有四種可能的交叉移轉：從小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸、從小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對點(PTP)傳輸、從小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸、以及從小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸。The term "cross-transfer" can be defined as a point-to-point (PTP) transmission to a point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, or a reverse transfer. There are four possible cross-transitions: point-to-point (PTP) transmission from cell A in point-to-point (PTP) transmission to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in cell B, and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in cell A Point-to-point (PTP) transmission to cell B, point-to-point (PTP) transmission from cell A to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in cell A, and point-to-multipoint (PTM) from cell A The transmission is transferred to a point-to-point (PTP) transmission in cell A.

「直接移轉」一詞可定義成從點對點傳輸移轉至另一點對點傳輸以及從點對多點傳輸移轉至另一點對多點傳輸。共有兩種可能的直接移轉：從小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對點(PTP)傳輸、以及從小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸。The term "direct transfer" can be defined as moving from point-to-point transmission to another point-to-point transmission and from point-to-multipoint transmission to another point-to-multipoint transmission. There are two possible direct transitions: from point-to-point (PTP) transmission in cell A to point-to-point (PTP) transmission in cell B, and from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in cell A to cell Point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in B.

「小區間移轉」一詞係代表跨越小區邊界的移轉。共有四種可能的小區間移轉：從小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對點(PTP)傳輸、從小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸、從小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸、以及從小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至小區B中的點對點(PTP)傳輸。一般來說，最常發生的移轉係跨 越小區邊界從點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至點對多點(PTM)傳輸。The term "inter-cell transfer" refers to the transfer across the boundaries of a cell. There are four possible inter-cell transfers: point-to-point (PTP) transmission from cell A to point-to-point (PTP) transmission in cell B, point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in cell A to cell Point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in B, point-to-point (PTP) transmission from cell A to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in cell B, and point-to-multipoint (PTM) from cell A The transmission is transferred to a point-to-point (PTP) transmission in cell B. In general, the most common transfer system is The cross-cell boundary is transferred from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission.

「小區內移轉」一詞係代表於一小區內從其中一種模式移轉至另一種模式。共有兩種可能的小區內移轉：從小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸、以及從小區A中的點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至小區A中的點對點(PTP)傳輸。The term "intra-cell transfer" refers to the transfer from one mode to another within a cell. There are two possible intra-cell transitions: point-to-point (PTP) transmission from cell-to-point (PTP) transmission in cell A to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in cell A, and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission from cell A Move to point-to-point (PTP) transmission in cell A.

「無線電承載」一詞係代表層2所提供的服務，用以於使用者設備(UE)及UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)間傳輸使用者資料。The term "radio bearer" is used to represent the services provided by Layer 2 for the transmission of user data between User Equipment (UE) and UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).

現在將討論本發明的具體實施例，其中會將上面討論的觀點實現於WCDMA或UMTS通信系統中。圖1-5C解釋的係慣用UMTS或WCDMA系統的部份觀點，其中本文所述中可套用於本說明中的本發明觀點僅供作解釋與限制用途。應該瞭解的係，本發明的觀點亦可套用於同時攜載語音與資料的其它系統中，例如符合下面標準的GSM系統與CDMA 2000系統：「第三代夥伴合作計畫」(3GPP)，其係具現於包含下面文件編號之文件組中：3G TS 25.211、3G TS 25.212、3G TS 25.213以及3G TS 25.214(W-CDMA標準)；或是「TR-45.5 cdma2000展頻系統之實體層標準」中的標準(IS-2000標準)；以及GSM規格，例如TS 04.08(行動無線電介面層3規格)、TS 05.08(無線電子系統連結控制)、以及TS 05.01(無線電路徑上之實體層(通用說明))。Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed in which the views discussed above are implemented in a WCDMA or UMTS communication system. 1-5C is a partial view of a conventional UMTS or WCDMA system in which the teachings herein may be used in the present description for illustrative and limiting purposes only. It should be understood that the present invention can also be applied to other systems that simultaneously carry voice and data, such as the GSM system and the CDMA 2000 system that meet the following standards: "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP), The system is now in the file group containing the following file numbers: 3G TS 25.211, 3G TS 25.212, 3G TS 25.213 and 3G TS 25.214 (W-CDMA standard); or "Physical Layer Standard for TR-45.5 cdma2000 Spread Spectrum System" Standard (IS-2000 standard); and GSM specifications such as TS 04.08 (Mobile Radio Interface Layer 3 specification), TS 05.08 (Radio Subsystem Connection Control), and TS 05.01 (Physical Layer on Radio Path (General Description)) .

舉例來說，雖然說明中規定可利用通用陸地無線電存取 網路(UTRAN)空中介面來實現無線電存取網路20，但是於GSM/GPRS系統中，無線電存取網路20可能係一GSM/EDGE無線電存取網路(GERAN)，甚至於系統間的情況中，其可能會包括UTRAN空中介面的小區以及GSM/EDGE空中介面的小區。For example, although the description provides for access to universal terrestrial radio access The network (UTRAN) air intermediaries implement the radio access network 20, but in the GSM/GPRS system, the radio access network 20 may be a GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN), even between systems. In this case, it may include cells of the UTRAN null plane and cells of the GSM/EDGE null plane.

UMTS網路拓樸UMTS network topology

圖1為根據UMTS網路拓樸之通信系統的方塊圖。一UMTS系統包含使用者設備(UE)10、一存取網路20、以及一核心網路30。UE 10會被耦合至該存取網路，而該存取網路會被耦合核心網路30，核心網路30則可被耦合至一外部網路。1 is a block diagram of a communication system in accordance with a UMTS network topology. A UMTS system includes a User Equipment (UE) 10, an access network 20, and a core network 30. The UE 10 will be coupled to the access network, which will be coupled to the core network 30, which may be coupled to an external network.

UE 10包含行動設備12及一通用用戶識別模組(USIM)14，該模組含有使用者的訂購資訊。Cu介面(未顯示)係介於USIM 14與該行動設備12間的電氣介面。UE 10通常係一允許使用者存取UMTS網路服務的元件。UE 10可能係一行動元件(例如小區式電話)、一固定台、或是其它資料終端機。舉例來說，該行動設備可能係一於空中介面(Uu)上進行無線電通信所使用的無線電終端機。UE可經由Uu介面來存取該系統的固定部份。USIM通常係一駐存在含有一微處理器的「智慧卡」或其它邏輯卡之上的應用程式。該智慧卡會保有用戶身份、可實施認證演算法、並且以加密密鑰來儲存認證信號以及儲存終端機處所需要的訂購資訊。The UE 10 includes a mobile device 12 and a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) 14, which contains subscriber subscription information. The Cu interface (not shown) is an electrical interface between the USIM 14 and the mobile device 12. UE 10 is typically a component that allows a user to access UMTS network services. The UE 10 may be a mobile component (e.g., a cell phone), a fixed station, or other data terminal. For example, the mobile device may be a radio terminal used for radio communication on an empty intermediate plane (Uu). The UE can access the fixed part of the system via the Uu interface. The USIM is typically an application that resides on a "smart card" or other logic card that contains a microprocessor. The smart card retains the identity of the user, implements an authentication algorithm, and stores the authentication signal with an encryption key and the ordering information needed to store the terminal.

存取網路20包含用於存取該網路的無線電設備。 WCDMA系統中，該存取網路20係通用陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)空中介面。UTRAN包含至少一無線電網路子系統(RNS)，該子系統包含至少一基地台或「節點B」22，該基地台係被耦合至至少一無線電網路控制器(RNC)24。Access network 20 includes a radio for accessing the network. In a WCDMA system, the access network 20 is a universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) null interfacing plane. The UTRAN includes at least one Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) that includes at least one base station or "Node B" 22 that is coupled to at least one Radio Network Controller (RNC) 24.

該RNC會控制該UTRAN的無線電資源。存取網路20的該等RNC 24會透過Iu介面與核心網路30進行通信。Uu介面、Iu介面25、Iub介面以及Iur介面可讓不同廠商的設備進行連網，並且皆規定於3GPP標準中。無線電網路控制器(RNC)的設計方式各家廠商皆不相同，所以，下文將作一般性說明。The RNC controls the radio resources of the UTRAN. The RNCs 24 accessing the network 20 communicate with the core network 30 via the Iu interface. The Uu interface, the Iu interface 25, the Iub interface, and the Iur interface allow devices from different vendors to be networked and are specified in the 3GPP standard. The design of the Radio Network Controller (RNC) is different for each manufacturer, so the following is a general description.

無線電網路控制器(RNC)24係作為UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)的切換與控制元素，並且係位於Iub介面與Iu介面25之間。該RNC可作為UTRAN提供給該核心網路30之全部服務的服務存取點，舉例來說，和該使用者設備進行連接的管理。Iub介面23會連接節點B 22及無線電網路控制器(RNC)24。Iu介面會將UTRAN連接至該核心網路。無線電網路控制器(RNC)會於該Iu承載器與該等基地台間提供一切換點。使用者設備(UE)10於本身和無線電網路控制器(RNC)24之間可能會具有數個無線電承載。該無線電承載和使用者設備(UE)內容有關，該內容為Iub所需要的一組定義值，用以安排該使用者設備(UE)和無線電網路控制器(RNC)之間的共同連接及專屬連接。該等個別的RNC 24可於一選配的Iur介面上彼此進行通信，該介面允許被連接至不同節點22的小區之間進行軟交遞。因此，Iur介面允許進行RNC間連接。於此等情況中，一服務RNC會維 持和核心網路30相連的Iu 25連接，並且實施選擇器及外部迴路功率控制功能，同時一漂移RNC會透過一部以上的基地台22將可於該Iur介面上進行交換的訊框傳輸給行動台10。The Radio Network Controller (RNC) 24 acts as a switching and control element for the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and is located between the Iub interface and the Iu interface 25. The RNC can serve as a service access point for all services provided by the UTRAN to the core network 30, for example, management of connections with the user equipment. The Iub interface 23 connects the Node B 22 and the Radio Network Controller (RNC) 24. The Iu interface will connect the UTRAN to the core network. A Radio Network Controller (RNC) provides a switching point between the Iu carrier and the base stations. The User Equipment (UE) 10 may have several radio bearers between itself and the Radio Network Controller (RNC) 24. The radio bearer is associated with User Equipment (UE) content, which is a set of defined values required by the Iub to schedule a common connection between the User Equipment (UE) and the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and Exclusive connection. The individual RNCs 24 can communicate with each other on an optional Iur interface that allows for soft handover between cells connected to different nodes 22. Therefore, the Iur interface allows inter-RNC connections. In these cases, a service RNC will maintain The Iu 25 connected to the core network 30 is connected, and the selector and external loop power control functions are implemented, and a drift RNC transmits the frame that can be exchanged on the Iur interface through more than one base station 22. Mobile station 10.

控制一節點B 22的RNC可稱為節點B的控制RNC，並且控制自己的小區的負載和壅塞情形，同時還會針對欲於該些小區中被建立的新無線電連結執行許可控制和編碼指派。The RNC controlling a Node B 22 may be referred to as the Node B's Control RNC and control the load and congestion scenarios of its own cells, while also performing admission control and coding assignments for new radio links to be established in those cells.

RNC與基地台(節點B)可透過Iub介面23來相連並且於該介面上進行通信。該等RNC會控制被耦合至一特殊RNC 24之每部基地台22對該等無線電資源的使用情形。每部基地台22則會控制一個以上的小區，並且提供和行動台10相連的無線電連結。該基地台可實施介面處理，例如頻道編碼及交錯處理、速率調適及展開處理。該基地台還會實施基本的無線電資源管理作業，例如迴路間功率控制。基地台22會轉換Iub與Uu介面23、26間的資料流。基地台22還會參與無線電資源管理。空中介面Uu 26會將每部基地台22耦合至該行動台10。該等基地台可負責一個以上小區至該行動台10的無線電傳輸作業，並且負責從該行動台10至一個以上小區的無線電接收作業。The RNC and the base station (Node B) can be connected through the Iub interface 23 and communicate on the interface. The RNCs will control the use of these radio resources by each of the base stations 22 coupled to a particular RNC 24. Each base station 22 will control more than one cell and provide a radio link to the mobile station 10. The base station can implement interface processing such as channel coding and interleaving processing, rate adaptation, and expansion processing. The base station also performs basic radio resource management operations such as inter-loop power control. The base station 22 converts the data stream between the Iub and Uu interfaces 23, 26. Base station 22 will also participate in radio resource management. The empty interfacing plane Uu 26 couples each base station 22 to the mobile station 10. The base stations may be responsible for radio transmission operations for more than one cell to the mobile station 10 and are responsible for radio reception operations from the mobile station 10 to more than one cell.

核心網路30包含所有的切換及路由功能，用以進行下面工作：(1)若電路切換呼叫存在的話，用以連接至PSTN 42，或是若封包切換呼叫存在的話，用以連接至封包資料網路(PDN)；(2)實施行動能力與用戶位置管理；以及(3)實施認證服務。核心網路30可能包含一家用位置登錄器(HLR)32、一行動切換服務中心/訪客位置登錄器(MSC/VLR)34、一閘道行動切換中心(GMSC)36、一服務通用封包無線電服務支 援節點(SGSN)38、以及一閘道GPRS支援節點(GGSN)40。The core network 30 includes all of the switching and routing functions for performing the following tasks: (1) if the circuit switching call exists, to connect to the PSTN 42, or if the packet switching call exists, to connect to the packet data. Network (PDN); (2) implementation of mobile capabilities and user location management; and (3) implementation of authentication services. The core network 30 may include a location registrar (HLR) 32, a mobile switching service center/visitor location registrar (MSC/VLR) 34, a gateway action switching center (GMSC) 36, and a service universal packet radio service. support A Assisted Node (SGSN) 38 and a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 40.

若電路切換呼叫存在的話，核心網路30可被耦合至一外部電路切換(CS)網路42(例如公眾切換電話網路(PSTN)或(ISDN))，用以提供電路切換連接；若封包切換呼叫存在的話，則可被耦合至一PS網路44(例如網際網路)，用以提供封包資料服務連接。If a circuit switch call exists, the core network 30 can be coupled to an external circuit switching (CS) network 42 (e.g., Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or (ISDN)) to provide a circuit switched connection; If a handover call exists, it can be coupled to a PS network 44 (e.g., the Internet) to provide a packet data service connection.

UMTS信令協定堆疊UMTS signaling protocol stacking

圖2為UMTS信令協定堆疊110的方塊圖。UMTS信令協定堆疊110包含一存取階層及一非存取階層(NAS)。2 is a block diagram of a UMTS signaling protocol stack 110. The UMTS signaling protocol stack 110 includes an access stratum and a non-access stratum (NAS).

存取階層通常包含一實體層120；層2 130，其包含一媒體存取控制(MAC)層140及一無線電連結控制(RLC)層150；以及一無線電資源控制(RRC)層160。下文將更詳細地說明存取階層的各層。The access stratum typically includes a physical layer 120; a layer 2 130 including a medium access control (MAC) layer 140 and a radio link control (RLC) layer 150; and a radio resource control (RRC) layer 160. The layers of the access hierarchy will be explained in more detail below.

UMTS非存取階層層基本上和GSM上層相同，並且可分割為一電路切換部份170及一封包切換部份180。電路切換部份170包含一連接管理(CM)層172及一行動能力管理(MM)層178。CM層172會處理電路切換呼叫並且包含各子層。呼叫控制(CC)子層174會執行建立與釋放之類的功能。增補服務(SS)子層176會執行呼叫前傳及三向呼叫之類的功能。短訊服務(SMS)子層177會執行短訊服務。MM層178會處理電路切換呼叫的位置更新與認證作業。封包切換部份180包含一交談管理(SM)子層182及一GPRS行動能力管理(GMM)子層184。交談管理(SM)子層182會藉由執行建立與釋放之類的功能來處理封包切換呼叫，並且還包含一短訊服務(SMS) 區段183。GMM子層184會處理封包切換呼叫的位置更新與認證作業。The UMTS non-access stratum layer is basically the same as the GSM upper layer, and can be divided into a circuit switching portion 170 and a packet switching portion 180. The circuit switching portion 170 includes a connection management (CM) layer 172 and a mobility capability management (MM) layer 178. The CM layer 172 will process the circuit switch call and include the various sublayers. The Call Control (CC) sublayer 174 performs functions such as setup and release. The Supplemental Service (SS) sublayer 176 performs functions such as call forwarding and three-way calling. The SMS Service (SMS) sub-layer 177 performs SMS services. The MM layer 178 handles location update and authentication operations for circuit switched calls. The packet switching portion 180 includes a chat management (SM) sublayer 182 and a GPRS mobile capability management (GMM) sublayer 184. The Chat Management (SM) sublayer 182 handles packet switching calls by performing functions such as setup and release, and also includes a Short Message Service (SMS). Section 183. The GMM sublayer 184 handles the location update and authentication of the packet switched call.

圖3為UMTS協定堆疊之封包切換使用者平面的方塊圖。該堆疊包含一存取階層(AS)層及一非存取階層(NAS)層。NAS層包含應用層80及封包資料協定(PDP)層90。應用層80係位於使用者設備(UE)10與遠端使用者42之間。PDP層90(例如IP或PPP)係位於GGSN 40與使用者設備(UE)10之間。下層封包協定(LLPP)39係位於遠端使用者42與SGSN 38之間。Iu介面協定25係位於無線電網路控制器(RNC)24與SGSN 38之間，Iub介面協定係位於無線電網路控制器(RNC)24與節點B 22之間。下文將說明AS層的其它部份。3 is a block diagram of a packet switching user plane of a UMTS protocol stack. The stack includes an access stratum (AS) layer and a non-access stratum (NAS) layer. The NAS layer includes an application layer 80 and a packet data protocol (PDP) layer 90. The application layer 80 is located between the user equipment (UE) 10 and the remote user 42. A PDP layer 90 (e.g., IP or PPP) is located between the GGSN 40 and the User Equipment (UE) 10. The Lower Layer Packet Protocol (LLPP) 39 is located between the remote user 42 and the SGSN 38. The Iu interface protocol 25 is located between the Radio Network Controller (RNC) 24 and the SGSN 38, and the Iub interface protocol is located between the Radio Network Controller (RNC) 24 and the Node B 22. The rest of the AS layer will be explained below.

存取階層(AS)層Access level (AS) layer

圖4為UMTS信令協定堆疊的存取階層部份的方塊圖。慣用的存取階層包含實體層(L1)120；資料連結層(L2)130，其包含下面的子層：媒體存取控制(MAC)層140、無線電連結控制(RLC)層150、封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)層156、廣播/多播控制(BMC)層158；以及一無線電資源控制(RRC)層160。下文將更詳細地說明該些層。4 is a block diagram of an access stratum portion of a UMTS signaling protocol stack. The conventional access stratum includes a physical layer (L1) 120; a data link layer (L2) 130, which includes the following sublayers: a media access control (MAC) layer 140, a radio link control (RLC) layer 150, and packet data convergence. Protocol (PDCP) layer 156, Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) layer 158; and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 160. These layers will be explained in more detail below.

無線電承載會攜載應用層與層2(L2)130間的使用者資料163。控制平面信令161可作為所有的UMTS特定控制信令，並且於信令承載中包含應用協定，用以傳輸該等應用協定信息。該應用協定可用來建立送至UE 10的承載。該使用者平面會傳輸被該使用者發送及接收的所有使用者平面資訊163，例如語音呼叫中經過編碼的語音或是網際網路連接中 的封包。使用者平面資訊163會攜載資料串及該些資料串的資料承載。每個資料串的特徵為該介面所規定的一個以上訊框協定。The radio bearer carries the user profile 163 between the application layer and layer 2 (L2) 130. The control plane signaling 161 can serve as all UMTS specific control signaling and includes an application protocol in the signaling bearer for transmitting the application protocol information. This application protocol can be used to establish a bearer that is sent to the UE 10. The user plane transmits all user plane information 163 sent and received by the user, such as encoded voice or voice connection in a voice call. Packet. The user plane information 163 carries the data string and the data bearing of the data strings. Each data string is characterized by more than one frame protocol defined by the interface.

無線電資源控制(RRC)層160可當作該存取階層的總控制器，並且組織該存取階層中的所有其它層。RRC層160會產生控制平面信令161，其可控制無線電連結控制單元152、實體層(L1)120、媒體存取控制(MAC)層140、無線電連結控制(RLC)層150、封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)層156、以及廣播/多播控制(BMC)層158。無線電資源控制(RRC)層160會決定測量的類型，並且回報該些測量結果。RRC層160還可作為非存取階層的控制與信令介面。The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 160 can act as the overall controller for the access stratum and organize all other layers in the access stratum. The RRC layer 160 generates control plane signaling 161 that can control the radio link control unit 152, the physical layer (L1) 120, the medium access control (MAC) layer 140, the radio link control (RLC) layer 150, and the packet data convergence protocol. (PDCP) layer 156, and broadcast/multicast control (BMC) layer 158. The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 160 will determine the type of measurement and report the measurements. The RRC layer 160 can also serve as a control and signaling interface for the non-access stratum.

更明確地說，RRC層160會廣播系統資訊信息，該等信息同時包含所有使用者設備(UE)10的存取階層及非存取階層資訊元素。RRC層160會建立、維持、以及釋放UTRAN 20及UE 10之間的無線電資源控制(RRC)連接。UE RRC會要求該連接，而UTRAN RRC則會建立與釋放該連接。RRC層160還會建立、重組、以及釋放UTRAN 20及UE 10之間的無線電承載，其中係由UTRAN 20來啟動該些作業。More specifically, the RRC layer 160 broadcasts system information information that includes both access level and non-access level information elements of all user equipment (UE) 10. The RRC layer 160 will establish, maintain, and release radio resource control (RRC) connections between the UTRAN 20 and the UE 10. The UE RRC will request the connection, and the UTRAN RRC will establish and release the connection. The RRC layer 160 also establishes, reassembles, and releases radio bearers between the UTRAN 20 and the UE 10, which are initiated by the UTRAN 20.

RRC層160還會處理使用者設備(UE)10行動能力的各項特點。該些程序和UE狀態(不論該呼叫是否為電路切換呼叫或封包切換呼叫)以及新小區的無線電存取技術(RAT)相依。RRC層160還會傳呼UE 10。不論UE是否在傾聽該傳呼頻道或該傳出指示頻道，UTRAN RRC都會傳呼該UE。該UE的RRC會通知核心網路(CN)30的上層。The RRC layer 160 also handles the features of the User Equipment (UE) 10 mobility capabilities. The procedures and UE status (whether or not the call is a circuit switched call or a packet switched call) and the radio access technology (RAT) of the new cell are dependent. The RRC layer 160 also pages the UE 10. The UTRAN RRC will page the UE regardless of whether the UE is listening to the paging channel or the outgoing indication channel. The RRC of the UE notifies the upper layer of the core network (CN) 30.

資料連結層(L2)130包含一媒體存取控制(MAC)子層140、一無線電連結控制(RLC)子層150、一封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)子層156、以及一廣播/多播控制(BMC)子層158。The data link layer (L2) 130 includes a media access control (MAC) sublayer 140, a radio link control (RLC) sublayer 150, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) sublayer 156, and a broadcast/multicast control. (BMC) sublayer 158.

廣播與多播控制協定(BMC)158會藉由調適來自該無線電介面上之廣播域的廣播/多播服務以於該無線電介面上傳達來自該小區廣播中心的信息。BMC協定158會提供被稱為「無線電承載」的服務，並且存在於該使用者平面中。BMC協定158與RNC會儲存於經排定傳輸之CBC-RNC介面上被接收到的小區廣播信息。於UTRAN端，BMC協定158會以能夠在該CBC-RNC介面(未顯示)上被接收到的信息為基礎來計算該小區廣播服務的必要傳輸速率，並且從該RRC中要求適當的CTCH/FACH資源。BMC協定158還會於該CBC-RNC介面上接收排程資訊以及每個小區廣播信息。該BMC會於UTRAN端以此排程資訊為基礎來產生經排定的信息並且據此產生經排定的BMC信息序列。於使用者設備端，該BMC會評估該等排程信息，並且向該RRC表示該等排程參數，接著，該RRC便可使用該等參數來組織供不連續接收使用的下層。該BMC還會根據某一排程來傳輸BMC信息，例如排程信息以及小區廣播信息。未損毀的小區廣播信息可被傳送至上層。UE 10與UTRAN 20間的部份控制信令可能係無線電資源控制(RRC)160信息，其會攜載建立、修正、以及釋放層2協定130實體及層1協定120實體的全部必要參數。RRC信息會於其酬載中攜載全部的更高層信令。無線電資源控制(RRC)會藉由發出測量結果、交 遞信號、以及小區更新信號，用以於連接模式中控制使用者設備的行動能力。The Broadcast and Multicast Control Protocol (BMC) 158 will communicate information from the cell broadcast center on the radio interface by adapting the broadcast/multicast service from the broadcast domain on the radio interface. The BMC Agreement 158 provides a service called "Radio Bearer" and is present in the user plane. The BMC protocol 158 and the RNC store the cell broadcast information received on the CBC-RNC interface scheduled for transmission. At the UTRAN side, the BMC protocol 158 will calculate the necessary transmission rate for the cell broadcast service based on the information that can be received on the CBC-RNC interface (not shown), and request the appropriate CTCH/FACH from the RRC. Resources. The BMC Agreement 158 also receives scheduling information and broadcast information for each cell on the CBC-RNC interface. The BMC will generate scheduled information based on this scheduling information at the UTRAN end and generate a scheduled BMC information sequence accordingly. At the user equipment end, the BMC evaluates the scheduling information and indicates the scheduling parameters to the RRC, and then the RRC can use the parameters to organize the lower layers for discontinuous reception. The BMC also transmits BMC information, such as scheduling information and cell broadcast information, according to a certain schedule. Uncorrupted cell broadcast information can be transmitted to the upper layer. Part of the control signaling between UE 10 and UTRAN 20 may be Radio Resource Control (RRC) 160 information that carries all necessary parameters for establishing, modifying, and releasing Layer 2 Protocol 130 entities and Layer 1 Protocol 120 entities. The RRC information carries all of the higher layer signaling in its payload. Radio Resource Control (RRC) will send out measurement results and deliver The signal and the cell update signal are used to control the mobility of the user equipment in the connected mode.

封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)156存在於源自PS域之服務的使用者平面中。PDCP所供應的服務可稱為無線電承載。封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)會提供標頭壓縮服務。封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)156含有可提供較佳頻譜服務效率的壓縮方法用以於無線電上傳輸IP封包。可以運用任何的標頭壓縮演算法。該PDCP會於傳輸實體處壓縮冗餘協定資訊，並且於接收實體處進行解壓縮。該標頭壓縮法可能係特殊網路層、傳輸層、或上層協定組合(舉例來說，TCP/IP與RTP/UDP/IP)特有的方法。PDCP還會傳輸其從非存取階層中以PDCP服務資料單元(SDU)形式所接收到的使用者資料，並且會將其前傳給RLC實體；亦可反向進行。PDCP還會支援無遺失的SRNS重新定位。當PDCP於循序傳送中使用已確認模式(AM)RLC時，可被配置成支援無遺失RSRNS重新定位的PDCP實體便會具有協定資料單元(PDU)序號，該序號可連同未證實的PDCP封包一起於重新定位期間前傳給新的SRNC。The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) 156 exists in the user plane of the service originating from the PS domain. The services provided by the PDCP may be referred to as radio bearers. The Packet Data Convergence Agreement (PDCP) provides header compression services. The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) 156 contains a compression method that provides better spectrum service efficiency for transmitting IP packets over the radio. Any header compression algorithm can be used. The PDCP compresses the redundancy agreement information at the transport entity and decompresses it at the receiving entity. This header compression method may be a method specific to a particular network layer, transport layer, or combination of upper layers (for example, TCP/IP and RTP/UDP/IP). The PDCP also transmits the user data it receives from the non-access stratum in the form of a PDCP Service Data Unit (SDU) and forwards it to the RLC entity; it can also be reversed. PDCP will also support the lossless SRNS relocation. When the PDCP uses the acknowledged mode (AM) RLC in the sequential transmission, the PDCP entity that can be configured to support the lossless RSRNS relocation will have a protocol data unit (PDU) sequence number, which together with the unconfirmed PDCP packet Passed to the new SRNC during the relocation period.

RLC層150會透過UE端中的更高層協定以及UTRAN端中的IURNAP協定能夠使用的服務存取點(SAPS)來提供服務給更高層(舉例來說，非存取階層)。服務存取點(SAPS)會描述該RLC層如何處理該等資料封包。所有更高層的信令(例如行動能力管理、呼叫控制、交談管理等)皆可囊封於該無線電介面傳輸的RLC信息中。RLC層150包含各種無線電 連結控制實體152，該等無線電連結控制實體會透過攜載信令資訊與使用者資料的邏輯頻道被耦合至MAC層140。The RLC layer 150 provides services to higher layers (e.g., non-access stratum) through higher layer protocols in the UE side and Service Access Points (SAPS) that the IUPAP protocol in the UTRAN side can use. The Service Access Point (SAPS) describes how the RLC layer handles these data packets. All higher layer signaling (eg, mobility management, call control, chat management, etc.) can be encapsulated in the RLC information transmitted by the radio interface. RLC layer 150 contains various radios The connection control entity 152 is coupled to the MAC layer 140 by a logical channel carrying signaling information and user data.

於控制平面161上，RLC層可利用該等RLC服務來進行信令傳輸。於使用者平面163上，該等RLC服務可被服務特定協定層PDCP或BMC使用，或是被其它更高層的使用者平面功能使用。對未使用PDCP 156或使用者平面協定的服務來說，該等RLC服務可稱為控制平面161中的信令無線電承載以及使用者平面163中的無線電承載。換言之，若該服務不能使用PDCP與BMC協定，RLC層150便可於控制平面161中提供被稱為信令無線電承載(SRB)的服務以及於使用者平面163中提供被稱為無線電承載(RB)的服務。否則，便可由PDCP層156或BMC層158來提供該RB服務。On the control plane 161, the RLC layer can utilize the RLC services for signaling transmission. On the user plane 163, the RLC services can be used by the service specific protocol layer PDCP or BMC, or by other higher layer user plane functions. For services that do not use PDCP 156 or user plane protocols, the RLC services may be referred to as signaling radio bearers in control plane 161 and radio bearers in user plane 163. In other words, if the service cannot use the PDCP and BMC agreement, the RLC layer 150 can provide a service called a Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) in the control plane 161 and provide a radio bearer (RB) in the user plane 163. ) service. Otherwise, the RB service can be provided by the PDCP layer 156 or the BMC layer 158.

無線電連結控制(RLC)層150會對使用者與控制資料實施分框功能，其包含分割/串接以及填補功能。RLC層150通常會針對控制平面161中之控制資料的無線電資源控制(RRC)160層以及使用者平面163之使用者資料的應用層提供分割及再傳輸服務。該RLC層通常會將可變長度更高層協定資料單元(PDU)分割成複數個較小的RLC協定資料單元(PDU)或是將複數個較小的RLC協定資料單元(PDU)重組成可變長度更高層協定資料單元(PDU)。一無線電連結控制(RLC)協定資料單元(PDU)通常會攜載一個PDU。舉例來說，可以利用該無線電連結控制(RLC)根據該服務的最小可能位元率來設定該無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU大小。如下文將討論般，對可變速率的服務來說，只要位元率高於其所 使用的最低者，便可於一個傳輸時間區間(TTI)期間傳輸數個無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU。該RLC傳輸實體也會實施串接作業。若一無線電連結控制(RLC)服務資料單元(SDU)的內容無法填滿整數個無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU的話，那麼便可將下個無線電連結控制(RLC)SDU的第一分段內容放進該無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU之中，用以串接前面RLC SDU的最後一個分段內容。該RLC傳輸實體通常還會實施填補功能。當欲傳輸的剩餘資料不能填滿特定大小的整個無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU的話，那麼便可利用填補位元來填充其餘的資料欄位。舉例來說，根據下文參考圖11-13所討論的本發明的觀點，本文會提供縮減或省略所運用之填補數量的技術。The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer 150 performs a splitting function on the user and control data, including split/serial and padding functions. The RLC layer 150 typically provides segmentation and retransmission services for the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 160 of the control data in the control plane 161 and the application layer of the user profile of the user plane 163. The RLC layer typically divides variable length higher layer protocol data units (PDUs) into a plurality of smaller RLC protocol data units (PDUs) or recombines a plurality of smaller RLC protocol data units (PDUs) into variable Length higher layer protocol data unit (PDU). A Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) typically carries a PDU. For example, the Radio Link Control (RLC) can be used to set the Radio Link Control (RLC) PDU size based on the smallest possible bit rate of the service. As discussed below, for variable rate services, as long as the bit rate is higher than The lowest used, can transmit several Radio Link Control (RLC) PDUs during a Transmission Time Interval (TTI). The RLC transport entity also implements concatenation operations. If the content of a Radio Link Control (RLC) Service Data Unit (SDU) cannot fill an integer number of Radio Link Control (RLC) PDUs, then the first segment of the next Radio Link Control (RLC) SDU can be placed. Into the Radio Link Control (RLC) PDU, used to concatenate the last segment of the previous RLC SDU. The RLC transport entity will usually also implement a padding function. When the remaining data to be transmitted cannot fill the entire Radio Link Control (RLC) PDU of a certain size, the padding bits can be used to fill the remaining data fields. For example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention discussed below with reference to Figures 11-13, this document provides techniques for reducing or omitting the number of paddings utilized.

該RLC接收實體會偵測被接收到的無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU的副本資料，並且確保更高層PDU中的結果僅會被傳送至上層一次。該RLC層還會控制該PRLC傳輸實體可發送資訊給一RLC接收實體的速率。The RLC receiving entity detects the copy of the received Radio Link Control (RLC) PDU and ensures that the results in the higher layer PDU are only transmitted to the upper layer once. The RLC layer also controls the rate at which the PRLC transport entity can send information to an RLC receiving entity.

圖5A為UMTS信令協定堆疊之無線電連結控制(RLC)層中所使用的資料傳輸模式方塊圖，並且還顯示與存取階層有關的邏輯頻道、傳輸頻道、以及實體UMTS頻道的可能映對關係。熟習本技術的人士將會發現，未必要針對特定的使用者設備(UE)來同時定義全部的映對，而且可能會同時出現部份映對的多重例證。舉例來說，語音呼叫可能會使用被映對至三個專屬頻道(DCH)傳輸頻道的三個專屬流量頻道(DTCH)邏輯頻道。再者，圖5所示的部份頻道(例如 CPICH、SCH、DPCCH、AICH以及PICH)係存在於實體層背景中，而且並不會攜載上層信令或使用者資料。該些頻道的內容可能會被定義於實體層120(L1)中。5A is a block diagram of a data transmission mode used in a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer of a UMTS Signaling Protocol stack, and also shows possible mapping relationships of logical channels, transmission channels, and physical UMTS channels associated with an access stratum. . Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is not necessary to define all of the mappings for a particular User Equipment (UE) at the same time, and that multiple instances of partial mapping may occur simultaneously. For example, a voice call may use three dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) logical channels that are mapped to three dedicated channel (DCH) transmission channels. Furthermore, some of the channels shown in Figure 5 (for example CPICH, SCH, DPCCH, AICH, and PICH) exist in the physical layer background and do not carry upper layer signaling or user data. The contents of the channels may be defined in the physical layer 120 (L1).

無線電連結控制(RLC)層中的每個RLC例證皆可利用無線電資源控制(RRC)層160來配置以便運作於下面三種模式之其中一者中：透通模式(TM)、未確認模式(UM)、或已確認模式(AM)，下文將參考圖5B來詳細說明。該等三種資料傳輸模式會指出該無線電連結控制(RLC)針對某一邏輯頻道被配置成的模式。透通與未確認模式的RLC實體會被定義成單向，而已確認模式的實體則會被定義成雙向。通常，對所有的RLC模式而言，都會於實體層上實施CRC錯誤檢查，並且將CRC檢查結果連同真實資料一起傳送給該RLC。視每種模式的特殊規定而定，該些模式會實施RLC層150的部份或全部功能，該等功能包含分割、重組、串接、填補、再傳輸控制、資料流控制、副本偵測、循序傳送、錯誤修正以及加密。下文將參考圖5B與5C來更詳細說明該些功能。根據本文所討論之本發明的觀點，本發明可提供一種新的無線電連結控制(RLC)資料傳輸模式。Each RLC instance in the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer can be configured using the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 160 to operate in one of three modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM) Or confirmed mode (AM), which will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 5B. The three data transmission modes indicate the mode in which the Radio Link Control (RLC) is configured for a certain logical channel. RLC entities with transparent and unacknowledged modes are defined as one-way, while entities with confirmed modes are defined as two-way. Typically, for all RLC modes, a CRC error check is performed on the physical layer and the CRC check results are transmitted to the RLC along with the real data. Depending on the particulars of each mode, these modes implement some or all of the functions of the RLC layer 150, including split, reassembly, concatenation, padding, retransmission control, data flow control, copy detection, Sequential delivery, error correction, and encryption. These functions will be described in more detail below with reference to Figures 5B and 5C. In accordance with the teachings of the present invention as discussed herein, the present invention can provide a new Radio Link Control (RLC) data transmission mode.

MAC層140會利用以被傳輸之資料類型為特徵的邏輯頻道來提供服務給RLC層150。媒體存取控制(MAC)層140會將邏輯頻道映對且多工至傳輸頻道。MAC層140會辨識出共同頻道上的使用者設備(UE)。MAC層140還會將更高層PDU多工成複數個傳輸區塊以便傳送至共同傳輸頻道上的實體層或是從共同傳輸頻道上的實體層傳送過來的複數個傳輸區 塊中來解多工更高層PDU。該MAC會處理共同傳輸頻道的服務多工作業，因為該項作業無法在實體層中完成。當一共同傳輸頻道攜載源自專屬型邏輯頻道的資料時，媒體存取控制(MAC)標頭便會含有該UE的識別符號。該MAC層還會將更高層PDU多工成複數個傳輸區塊集以便傳送至專屬傳輸頻道上的實體層或是從專屬傳輸頻道上的實體層傳送過來的複數個傳輸區塊集中來解多工更高層PDU。The MAC layer 140 provides services to the RLC layer 150 using logical channels characterized by the type of material being transmitted. The Media Access Control (MAC) layer 140 will map the logical channels and multiplex to the transmission channel. The MAC layer 140 will recognize the User Equipment (UE) on the common channel. The MAC layer 140 also multiplexes higher layer PDUs into a plurality of transport blocks for transmission to a physical layer on a common transmission channel or a plurality of transmission areas transmitted from a physical layer on a common transmission channel. The block is used to solve the multiplexed higher layer PDU. The MAC handles the service multi-work of the common transmission channel because the job cannot be completed in the physical layer. When a common transmission channel carries data originating from a proprietary logical channel, the Media Access Control (MAC) header will contain the identification symbol of the UE. The MAC layer also multiplexes higher layer PDUs into a plurality of transport block sets for transmission to a physical layer on a dedicated transport channel or a plurality of transport block sets transmitted from a physical layer on a dedicated transport channel to resolve multiple Work with higher layer PDUs.

MAC層140會接收複數個RLC PDU以及狀態資訊，數量等同於RLC傳輸緩衝器中的資料量。MAC層140會將對應該傳輸頻道的資料量與RRC層160所設定的臨界值作比較。若資料量太高或太低的話，那麼該MAC便會發送一和流量狀態有關的測量報告給該RRC。RRC層160可能還會要求MAC層140週期性地發送該些測量值。RRC層160會使用該些報告值來觸發該等無線電承載及/或傳輸頻道的再配置作業。The MAC layer 140 receives a plurality of RLC PDUs and status information equal to the amount of data in the RLC transmission buffer. The MAC layer 140 compares the amount of data corresponding to the channel to be transmitted with the threshold set by the RRC layer 160. If the amount of data is too high or too low, then the MAC will send a measurement report related to the traffic status to the RRC. The RRC layer 160 may also require the MAC layer 140 to periodically transmit the measurements. The RRC layer 160 will use the report values to trigger reconfiguration of the radio bearers and/or transmission channels.

該MAC層還會相依於該等邏輯頻道的瞬間源速率來為每個傳輸頻道選擇一適當的傳輸格式(TF)。MAC層140會針對不同的資料流，藉由選擇「高位元速率」與「低位元速率」傳輸格式(TF)來提供資料流的處理優先序。封包切換(PS)資料的本質為叢發式資料，因此可發送的資料量會隨著訊框而改變。當有較多資料可用時，MAC層140便可選擇其中一個較高的資料速率；不過，當信令與使用者資料皆可用時，MAC層140則會於其間作選擇，用以最大化由優先序較高的頻道所發送的資料量。可從每個連接的許可控制所定義的傳輸格式組合(TFC)中來選擇傳輸格式(TF)。The MAC layer also selects an appropriate transport format (TF) for each transport channel depending on the instantaneous source rate of the logical channels. The MAC layer 140 provides the processing priority of the data stream by selecting the "high bit rate" and "low bit rate" transport formats (TF) for different data streams. The nature of packet switching (PS) data is burst data, so the amount of data that can be sent changes with the frame. When more data is available, the MAC layer 140 can select one of the higher data rates; however, when both signaling and user data are available, the MAC layer 140 will choose between them to maximize The amount of data sent by a channel with a higher priority. The Transport Format (TF) can be selected from the Transport Format Combination (TFC) defined by each connected admission control.

媒體存取控制(MAC)層還會實施加密。每個無線電承載皆可分開加密。於3GPP TS 33.102中有說明該加密細節。Encryption is also implemented at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. Each radio bearer can be encrypted separately. This encryption detail is described in 3GPP TS 33.102.

於WCDMA之類的系統中，可利用三種傳輸頻來傳輸封包資料。該些頻道為共同傳輸頻道、專屬傳輸頻道、以及共享傳輸頻道。於下行連結中，封包排程演算法會選擇傳輸頻道封包資料。於上行連結中，行動台10會以封包排程演算法所設的參數為基礎來選擇傳輸頻道。In systems such as WCDMA, three transmission frequencies can be utilized to transmit packet data. The channels are a common transmission channel, a dedicated transmission channel, and a shared transmission channel. In the downlink link, the packet scheduling algorithm selects the transmission channel packet data. In the uplink connection, the mobile station 10 selects the transmission channel based on the parameters set by the packet scheduling algorithm.

舉例來說，共同頻道可能係上行連結中的隨機存取頻道RACH以及下行連結中的前向存取頻道FACH。兩者皆攜載信令資料與使用者資料。共同頻道具有很低的建立時間。因為可於建立連接之前使用共同頻道來發信，所以，可使用共同頻道來立即發送封包，而不需要很長的建立時間。每個區段通常會有少數的RACH或FACH。共同頻道並不具有回授頻道，所以，通常會使用開迴路功率控制或是使用固定功率。再者，共同頻道無法使用軟交遞。因此，共同頻道的連結位準效能可能會比專屬頻道的連結位準效能還差，而且所產生的干擾也會比專屬頻道還多。因此，共同頻道比較適合用來傳輸小型的個別封包。運用於共同頻道中的應用可能係短訊服務及短文郵件之類的應用。發送單一要求給一網頁亦非常適合共同頻道的概念，不過，於較大資料量的情況中，共同頻道則會因不良的無線電效能而變差。For example, the common channel may be the random access channel RACH in the uplink connection and the forward access channel FACH in the downlink connection. Both carry signaling data and user data. Common channels have very low settling times. Since the common channel can be used to send a message before the connection is established, the common channel can be used to immediately send the packet without requiring a long setup time. There is usually a small number of RACH or FACH per section. The common channel does not have a feedback channel, so open loop power control or fixed power is usually used. Furthermore, the common channel cannot use soft handoff. Therefore, the joint channel level performance of the common channel may be worse than the link level performance of the dedicated channel, and the interference generated will be more than the exclusive channel. Therefore, the common channel is more suitable for transmitting small individual packets. Applications used in common channels may be applications such as SMS and essay mail. Sending a single request to a web page is also very suitable for the concept of a common channel, but in the case of a larger amount of data, the common channel will deteriorate due to poor radio performance.

專屬頻道可以使用快速功率控制及軟交遞特點以改良無線電效能，而且所產生的干擾通常會比共同頻道還少。不 過，建立一專屬頻道所花費的時間則比存取共同頻道還長。專屬頻道具有可變的位元速率，其範圍從每秒數千個位元組至每秒2百萬個位元組。因為位元速率會於傳輸期間發生變化，所以，必須根據最高的位元速率來指派下行連結正交碼。因此，可變位元速率專屬頻道會耗去可觀的下行連結正交碼空間。Dedicated channels can use fast power control and soft handoff features to improve radio performance, and the resulting interference is usually less than the common channel. Do not However, it takes longer to establish a dedicated channel than to access a common channel. Dedicated channels have variable bit rates ranging from thousands of bytes per second to 2 million bytes per second. Since the bit rate will vary during transmission, the downlink concatenated orthogonal code must be assigned according to the highest bit rate. Therefore, the variable bit rate-specific channel consumes considerable downstream link orthogonal code space.

實體層(L1)120會透過攜載信令資訊與使用者資料的複數個傳輸頻道耦合至MAC層140。實體層120會透過其特徵為如何傳輸資料及利用何種特徵來傳輸資料的複數個傳輸頻道來提供服務給該MAC層。The physical layer (L1) 120 is coupled to the MAC layer 140 through a plurality of transmission channels carrying signaling information and user data. The physical layer 120 provides services to the MAC layer through a plurality of transmission channels characterized by how the data is transmitted and which features are used to transmit the data.

實體層(L1)120會透過複數個實體頻道於該無線電連結上接收信令與使用者資料。實體層(L1)通常會實施多工及頻道編碼，其包含CRC計算、前向式錯誤修正(FEC)、速率匹配、交錯傳輸頻道資料、多工傳輸頻道資料、以及其它實體層程序(例如獲取、存取、傳呼、以及無線電連結建立/失效)。實體層(L1)可能還會負責展開與擾碼處理、調變測量、傳輸多集、功率加權、交遞、壓縮模式、以及功率控制。The physical layer (L1) 120 receives signaling and user data on the radio link through a plurality of physical channels. The physical layer (L1) typically implements multiplex and channel coding, including CRC calculations, forward error correction (FEC), rate matching, interleaved channel data, multiplexed transmission channel data, and other physical layer procedures (eg, acquisition). , access, paging, and radio link setup/invalidation). The physical layer (L1) may also be responsible for expansion and scrambling processing, modulation measurements, transmission multiple sets, power weighting, handover, compression mode, and power control.

圖5B為該無線電連結控制(RLC)層的架構方塊圖。如上所述，無線電連結控制(RLC)層150中的每個RLC實體或例證152皆可利用無線電資源控制(RRC)層160來配置以便運作於下面三種資料傳輸模式之其中一者中：透通模式(TM)、未確認模式(UM)、或已確認模式(AM)。可以利用服務品質(QoS)設定值來控制使用者資料的資料傳輸模式。Figure 5B is a block diagram of the architecture of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. As described above, each RLC entity or instance 152 in the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer 150 can be configured using the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 160 to operate in one of three data transmission modes: Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), or Confirmed Mode (AM). The quality of service (QoS) settings can be used to control the data transfer mode of the user profile.

TM係單向且包含一傳輸TM實體152A與一接收TM實體152B。於透通模式中，沒有任何協定命令會被加入更高層資料中。有誤的協定資料單元(PDU)可予以丟棄或是標記有誤。可以使用串流型傳輸，其中通常不會對更高層資料進行分割處理，不過，於特殊情況中則可完成有限分割/重組功能的傳輸。當使用分割/重組時，便可於無線電承載建立程序中進行協商。The TM system is unidirectional and includes a transport TM entity 152A and a receive TM entity 152B. In the passthrough mode, no agreement commands are added to the higher layer data. Incorrectly compliant Protocol Data Units (PDUs) may be discarded or flagged incorrectly. Streaming type transmission can be used, where higher layer data is usually not split, but in special cases the transmission of limited split/recombination functions can be done. When split/recombination is used, negotiation can be performed in the radio bearer setup procedure.

UM也是單向且包含一傳輸UM實體152C與一接收UM實體152D。一UM RLC實體被定義為單向的原因係因為於上行連結與下行連結間並不需要有任何關聯。於UM中並不保證資料傳送正常。舉例來說，UM可使用於確認與再傳輸並非其一部份的特定RRC信令程序中。使用未確認模式RLC的使用者服務範例有小區廣播服務及IP上語音。視組態而定，可將收到的有誤資料作標記或是予以丟棄。可以套用無明確信令的計時器型丟棄功能，因此，無法於規定時間內被傳輸的RLC PDU可逕從傳輸緩衝器中予以移除。於未確認資料傳輸模式中，該PDU結構包含複數個序號，並且可實施序號檢查。序號檢查有助於保證經重組PDU的完整性，並且可提供偵查構件，用以於無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU被重組成無線電連結控制(RLC)SDU時，藉由檢查無線電連結控制(RLC)PDU中的序號來偵測已損毀的無線電連結控制(RLC)SDU。任何已損毀的無線電連結控制(RLC)SDU皆可予以丟棄。於未確認模式(UM)中也可提供分割與串接功能。The UM is also unidirectional and includes a transport UM entity 152C and a receive UM entity 152D. The reason why a UM RLC entity is defined as one-way is because there is no need to have any association between the uplink link and the downlink link. Data transfer is not guaranteed in UM. For example, UM can be used in a particular RRC signaling procedure that is not part of the acknowledgment and retransmission. Examples of user services using unacknowledged mode RLC are cell broadcast service and voice over IP. Depending on the configuration, the received error data can be marked or discarded. A timer-type discarding function without explicit signaling can be applied, so that RLC PDUs that cannot be transmitted within a specified time can be removed from the transmission buffer. In the unconfirmed data transmission mode, the PDU structure includes a plurality of sequence numbers, and the sequence number check can be implemented. The sequence number check helps to ensure the integrity of the reassembled PDU and can provide a scouting component for checking Radio Link Control (RLC) when Radio Link Control (RLC) PDUs are reassembled into Radio Link Control (RLC) SDUs. The serial number in the PDU to detect a corrupted Radio Link Control (RLC) SDU. Any damaged Radio Link Control (RLC) SDU can be discarded. Split and concatenation functions are also available in unacknowledged mode (UM).

於已確認模式中，RLC AM實體係雙向並且能夠運送相反於使用者資料之方向中的連結狀態指示信號。圖5C為用於實現無線電連結控制(RLC)已確認模式(AM)實體之實體的方塊圖，並且顯示如何建構一AM PDU。透過AM-SAP接收自更高層的資料封包(RLC SDU)可被分割及/或串接514成複數個固定長度的協定資料單元(PDU)。協定資料單元的長度係一於無線電承載建立中所決定的半靜態值，並且可經由RRC無線電承載再組態程序來進行變更。為達串接或填補目的，可於最後一個協定資料單元的開頭中***載有和該長度及延伸部份有關之資訊的複數位位元，或是可納入源自一SDU的資料。若有數個SDU置入一PDU之中的話，便可將其串接在一起，並且於該PDU的開頭中***複數個正確的長度指示符號(LI)。接著，便可將該等PDU置放於傳輸緩衝器520之中，該緩衝器同時也會負責再傳輸管理。In the confirmed mode, the RLC AM real system is bidirectional and is capable of carrying a link status indication signal in the direction opposite to the user profile. Figure 5C is a block diagram of an entity for implementing a Radio Link Control (RLC) acknowledged mode (AM) entity and shows how to construct an AM PDU. The data packets received from the higher layer through the AM-SAP (RLC SDU) may be partitioned and/or concatenated 514 into a plurality of fixed length protocol data units (PDUs). The length of the protocol data unit is a semi-static value determined in the radio bearer setup and can be changed via the RRC radio bearer reconfiguration procedure. For the purpose of concatenation or filling, a plurality of bits containing information relating to the length and extension may be inserted at the beginning of the last agreement data unit, or may be included in the information originating from an SDU. If several SDUs are placed in a PDU, they can be concatenated together and a plurality of correct length indicator symbols (LI) are inserted in the beginning of the PDU. These PDUs can then be placed in a transmission buffer 520, which is also responsible for retransmission management.

PDU的建構方式如下：從傳輸緩衝器520之中取出一個PDU；為其加入標頭；若該PDU中的資料無法填滿整個RLC PDU的話，可以附加一填補欄或是揹負式狀態信息。該揹負式狀態信息可能係源自該接收端或是源自該傳輸端，用以表示一RLC SDU丟棄情形。該標頭含有RLC PDU序號(SN)；一輪詢位元(P)，其可用來向同儕實體要求狀態；以及選配的長度指示符號(LI)，若於RLC PDU中發生SDU串接、填補、或揹負式PDU時便可使用該指示符號。The PDU is constructed in the following manner: a PDU is taken out from the transmission buffer 520; a header is added thereto; if the data in the PDU cannot fill the entire RLC PDU, a padding or piggyback status information may be attached. The piggyback status information may originate from the receiving end or originate from the transmitting end to indicate an RLC SDU discarding situation. The header contains an RLC PDU sequence number (SN); a polling bit (P) that can be used to request a status to the peer entity; and an optional length indicator (LI) if the SDU is concatenated, padded, etc. in the RLC PDU. This indicator can be used when the piggyback PDU is used.

已確認模式(AM)通常係供封包型服務使用，例如網際網路瀏覽及電子郵件下載。於已確認模式中，可使用自動重 複要求(ARQ)機制進行錯誤修正。任何有錯誤的已接收封包皆可再傳輸。可經由RLC所提供之再發設數量的組態，利用RRC來控制該RLC的品質對延遲效能。舉例來說，若該RLC未正確傳送資料的話，若已經達到再傳輸的最大數量或是已經超過傳輸時間的話，那麼便會通知上層並且丟棄該無線電連結控制(RLC)SDU。亦可藉由於狀態信息中發送一移動接收視窗命令來告知同儕實體該項SDU丟棄作業，致使用者該接收器也會移除隸屬於該已丟棄之無線電連結控制(RLC)SDU的所有PDU。Acknowledged mode (AM) is typically used by packet-based services such as Internet browsing and email downloads. In the confirmed mode, automatic weight can be used The complex request (ARQ) mechanism performs error correction. Any received packets with errors can be retransmitted. The quality of the RLC can be controlled by the RRC to control the delay performance via the number of configurations provided by the RLC. For example, if the RLC does not correctly transmit the data, if the maximum number of retransmissions has been reached or the transmission time has been exceeded, the upper layer is notified and the Radio Link Control (RLC) SDU is discarded. The SDU may also be notified of the SDU discarding operation by sending a mobile receiving window command in the status information, so that the user also removes all PDUs belonging to the discarded Radio Link Control (RLC) SDU.

可針對循序及無序傳送來組織該RLC。利用循序傳送，則可維持PDU更高層的順序；反之，無序傳送則會於完全接收到更高層PDU時便立即前傳。該RLC層可循序傳送更高層PDU。此功能可保留該等RLC傳輸更高層PDU的順序。若未使用此項功能的話，則可提供無序傳送。除了資料PDU傳送以外，亦可於同儕RLC實體間發送狀態與重置控制程序等的信號。該等控制程序甚至可能使用一分離的邏輯頻道，因此，一AM RLC實體便可能會使用一個或兩個邏輯頻道。The RLC can be organized for sequential and out-of-order delivery. With sequential transmission, the order of higher layers of the PDU can be maintained; otherwise, the out-of-order transmission will be forwarded immediately when the higher layer PDU is completely received. The RLC layer can sequentially transmit higher layer PDUs. This feature preserves the order in which these RLCs transmit higher layer PDUs. If this feature is not used, an unordered transfer is available. In addition to data PDU transmission, signals such as status and reset control procedures can also be transmitted between peer RLC entities. These control programs may even use a separate logical channel, so an AM RLC entity may use one or two logical channels.

可針對已確認及未確認RLC模式於RLC層中實施加密。圖5C中，AM RLC PDU會被加密540，其會排除含有PDU序號及輪詢位元的前兩位位元。PDU序號係該加密演算法的其中一項輸入參數，而且必須可被同儕實體讀取以便實施該項加密作業。3GPP規格TS33.102便有說明加密處理。Encryption can be implemented in the RLC layer for both acknowledged and unacknowledged RLC modes. In Figure 5C, the AM RLC PDU is encrypted 540, which excludes the first two bits containing the PDU sequence number and the polling bit. The PDU sequence number is one of the input parameters of the encryption algorithm and must be readable by the peer entity to perform the encryption operation. The 3GPP specification TS33.102 describes the encryption process.

接著可透過複數個邏輯頻道將該PDU前傳至MAC層 140。圖5C中利用虛線來表示額外的邏輯頻道(DCCH/DTCH)，該等虛線圖解出一RLC實體可被配置成利用不同的邏輯頻道來發送該等控制PDU與資料PDU。AM實體的接收端530會經由該等邏輯頻道中其中一者從該MAC層中接收複數個RLC AM PDU。可以利用實體層中針對整個RLC PDU所算出的CRC來檢查錯誤。實際的CRC檢查可能係在實體層實施，而且該RLC實體會接收該CRC檢查的結果以及加密整個標頭後所產生的資料，並且可從該RLC PDU中擷取出可能的揹負式狀態資訊。若被接收的PDU係一強烈的信息或是若該狀態資訊被揹負至一AM PDU之上的話，便可將該控制資訊(狀態信息)傳送至傳輸端，傳輸端會對照該被接收的狀態資訊來檢查其再傳輸緩衝器。進行解密550以及將已加密PDU儲存於接收緩衝器中時都會使用到源自RLC標頭的PDU數。一旦隸屬於某個完整SDU的全部PDU皆位於該接收緩衝器中時，便可重組該SDU。雖然圖中未顯示，不過，接著可於RLC SDU被傳送至更高層之前實施循序傳送檢查以及副本偵測。The PDU can then be forwarded to the MAC layer through a plurality of logical channels. 140. Additional logical channels (DCCH/DTCH) are represented by dashed lines in Figure 5C, which illustrate that an RLC entity can be configured to transmit the Control PDUs and Profiles with different logical channels. The receiving end 530 of the AM entity receives a plurality of RLC AM PDUs from the MAC layer via one of the logical channels. The error can be checked using the CRC calculated for the entire RLC PDU in the physical layer. The actual CRC check may be implemented at the physical layer, and the RLC entity will receive the result of the CRC check and the data generated after encrypting the entire header, and may extract possible piggyback status information from the RLC PDU. If the received PDU is a strong message or if the status information is carried over an AM PDU, the control information (status information) can be transmitted to the transmitting end, and the transmitting end compares the received status with the received status. Information to check its retransmission buffer. The number of PDUs originating from the RLC header is used when decrypting 550 and storing the encrypted PDU in the receive buffer. Once all PDUs belonging to a complete SDU are located in the receive buffer, the SDU can be reassembled. Although not shown in the figure, the sequential transfer check and copy detection can then be performed before the RLC SDU is transferred to a higher layer.

當該使用者設備(UE)或行動台於PTM傳輸及點對點(PTP)傳輸間移動或是改變小區時，便會重新初始化該RLC實體152。如此可能會不幸造成無線電連結控制(RLC)緩衝器中的資料遺失。如上述，當該行動台從一小區移至另一小區或是當該服務小區中的多媒體廣播與多播服務(MBMS)內容的傳送從點對點(PTP)傳輸模式改變成點對多點(PTM)傳輸模式時便可能會發生問題。The RLC entity 152 is reinitialized when the user equipment (UE) or mobile station moves between PTM transmissions and point-to-point (PTP) transmissions or changes cells. This may unfortunately result in the loss of data in the Radio Link Control (RLC) buffer. As described above, when the mobile station moves from one cell to another or when the transmission of multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) content in the serving cell is changed from a point-to-point (PTP) transmission mode to a point-to-multipoint (PTM) A problem may occur when transferring the mode.

吾人希望於點對點(PTP)傳輸及點對多點(PTM)傳輸兩者間進行移轉期間或是於不同小區間進行移轉期間(例如交遞)保留多媒體廣播與多播服務(MBMS)的連續性，並且避免遞出副本資訊。為保留MBMS服務的連續性並且避免遞出副本資訊，層2 150應該能夠重新排列來自該等兩個串流的資料。實體層無法提供此同步作業，因為每種模式中的網路終止點可能並不相同。若如同3GPP2中的情況般於RLC層150的下方實施前向式錯誤修正(FEC)的話，那麼從點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至點對點(PTP)傳輸期間便可能會遺失資料，反向移轉亦然。此外，舉例來說，於具有共同排程的多個小區間可能需要進行實體層同步作業並且分享相同的媒體存取控制(MAC)。就此而言，此等假設並不適用於3GPP2中，所此可能會造成問題。We want to preserve multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) during point-to-point (PTP) transmission and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission or during handover between different cells (eg handover). Continuity and avoid copying information. In order to preserve the continuity of the MBMS service and avoid the delivery of duplicate information, layer 2 150 should be able to rearrange the data from the two streams. This synchronization job cannot be provided by the physical layer because the network termination points in each mode may not be the same. If Forward Error Correction (FEC) is implemented below the RLC layer 150 as in the case of 3GPP2, data may be lost during point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission to point-to-point (PTP) transmission. The same is true for the transfer. Further, for example, physical layer synchronization jobs may be required between multiple cells with a common schedule and share the same media access control (MAC). In this regard, these assumptions do not apply to 3GPP2, which may cause problems.

點對點(PTP)傳輸Point-to-point (PTP) transmission

假設該項應用具有重要的延遲耐受性，那麼點對點(PTP)傳輸最有效的資料傳輸模式便是無線電連結控制(RLC)已確認模式(AM)。舉例來說，RLC已確認模式(AM)通常係用於專屬邏輯頻道(PTP)上的封包切換資料傳輸。該RLC會運作於專屬邏輯頻道上的已確認模式(AM)中。如圖5A所示，下行連結方向中其中一項使用者服務的專屬使用者流量可經由被稱為專屬流量頻道(DTCH)的邏輯頻道來進行發送。Assuming that the application has significant delay tolerance, the most efficient data transmission mode for point-to-point (PTP) transmission is the Radio Link Control (RLC) acknowledged mode (AM). For example, RLC acknowledged mode (AM) is typically used for packet switched data transmission on a dedicated logical channel (PTP). The RLC will operate in an acknowledged mode (AM) on a dedicated logical channel. As shown in FIG. 5A, dedicated user traffic served by one of the downlink connection directions may be transmitted via a logical channel called a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH).

於已確認模式(AM)中，若該資料有誤的話，便可利用反向連結來進行再傳輸。該RLC會傳輸複數個服務資料單元(SDU)並且利用再傳輸來保證可正確地傳送至其同儕實 體。若RLC無法正確傳送該資料的話，那麼，便會通知傳輸端處RLC的使用者。運作於RLC AM中通常必須引入額外的延遲以換取更大的功率效率。In the confirmed mode (AM), if the data is incorrect, the reverse link can be used for retransmission. The RLC transmits a plurality of Service Data Units (SDUs) and uses retransmissions to ensure that they are correctly transmitted to their peers. body. If the RLC cannot correctly transmit the data, then the user of the RLC at the transmitting end is notified. Operating in RLC AM typically introduces additional delays in exchange for greater power efficiency.

點對多點(PTM)傳輸Point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission

共同流量頻道(CTCH)係存在於下行連結方向中的單向頻道，而且當傳輸資訊給全部終端機或是特定的終端機群時便可使用該頻道。此兩種資料傳輸模式皆使用單向的共同頻道，其並不具有反向連結頻道建立作業。The Common Traffic Channel (CTCH) is a one-way channel that exists in the downlink connection direction and can be used when transmitting information to all terminals or a specific terminal group. Both data transmission modes use a one-way common channel, which does not have a reverse link channel setup operation.

吾人希望提供一種架構讓MBMS服務可於點對點(PTP)傳輸模式與點對多點(PTM)傳輸模式間透通地切換。為可於點對點(PTP)傳輸模式與點對多點(PTM)傳輸模式間移轉時獲得良好效能，吾人還希望提供一種架構允許於不同的無線電連結控制(RLC)模式間進行切換。舉例來說，此作法可幫助降低功率需求。We want to provide an architecture that allows MBMS services to transparently switch between point-to-point (PTP) transmission mode and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode. In order to achieve good performance when transferring between point-to-point (PTP) transmission mode and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode, we also wish to provide an architecture that allows switching between different Radio Link Control (RLC) modes. For example, this approach can help reduce power requirements.

現在將參考圖6至19所示與說明的具體實施例來說明本發明的各項觀點。除了其它特點之外，該些特點可利用一新的前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層於此等移轉期間幫助保留服務連續性。The various aspects of the present invention will now be described with reference to the specific embodiments illustrated in Figures 6-19. Among other features, these features can utilize a new forward error correction (FEC) layer to help preserve service continuity during such transfers.

圖6為具有前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層之經修正的UMTS協定堆疊的示意圖，其可運作於前向式錯誤修正(FECd)模式中以及前向式錯誤修正(FECc)模式中。該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層允許下方的無線電連結控制(RLC)實體152於該使用者設備(UE)從點對點(PTP)傳輸改變成與點對多點(PTM)傳輸時從其中一種無線電連結控制(RLC)資料傳輸模式改 變成另一種無線電連結控制(RLC)資料傳輸模式，同時可維持服務連續性。根據本具體實施例，該FEC層可能係運作於第一模式(FECc)或第二模式(FECd)中。於其中一種實現方式中，第一模式(FECc)可運用同位區塊，而第二模式(FECd)運作時則不需要任何同位區塊。於FECd模式與FECc模式間改變所造成的影響可能遠低於於RLC模式間改變，並且可能係無縫式作業，致使於該移轉期間不會遺失任何資料。6 is a schematic diagram of a modified UMTS protocol stack with a forward error correction (FEC) layer that operates in forward error correction (FECd) mode and forward error correction (FECc) mode. The Forward Error Correction (FEC) layer allows the underlying Radio Link Control (RLC) entity 152 to change from a Point-to-Point (PTP) transmission to a Point-to-Multipoint (PTM) transmission from the User Equipment (UE). Radio Link Control (RLC) data transmission mode change It becomes another radio link control (RLC) data transmission mode while maintaining service continuity. According to this embodiment, the FEC layer may operate in a first mode (FECc) or a second mode (FECd). In one implementation, the first mode (FECc) can utilize a co-located block, while the second mode (FECd) operates without any co-located block. The effect of changes between FECd mode and FECc mode may be much lower than the change between RLC modes, and may be seamless, so that no data is lost during the transfer.

前向式錯誤修正(FECc)模式可運用外部編碼技術來保護使用者資料。此作法在共同頻道上特別有效。前向式錯誤修正(FECc)模式通常會允許於無線電連結控制(RLC)層上方進行在未確認模式(UM)中發現到的功能，例如分框(分割及串接)以及序號加入功能。因此，該無線電連結控制(RLC)層可針對點對多點(PTM)傳輸來使用透通模式(TM)，因為傳統的未確認模式(UM)功能可能係在該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層處被實施。雖然此項功能可能會於無線電連結控制(RLC)已確認模式(AM)中重複出現，不過ARQ所造成的增益卻可彌補此副本效應。The Forward Error Correction (FECc) mode uses external coding techniques to protect user data. This practice is particularly effective on common channels. The Forward Error Correction (FECc) mode typically allows functions found in unacknowledged mode (UM) above the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, such as splitting (segmentation and concatenation) and sequence number join functions. Therefore, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer can use the Through Mode (TM) for point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions because traditional Unacknowledged Mode (UM) functions may be tied to the Forward Error Correction (FEC). The floor is implemented. Although this feature may be repeated in the Radio Link Control (RLC) acknowledged mode (AM), the gain caused by ARQ compensates for this copy effect.

將該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層或外部編碼層置於該無線電連結控制(RLC)層之上，便可於和無線電連結控制(RLC)無關的層中加入該序號。使用額外的附加資料(例如序號)，那麼便可於MBMS資料的非同步傳輸期間利用未經確認的傳輸來讓該等協定資料單元(PDU)重新對齊一編碼器封包(EP)。因為該等序號係被加入於無線電連結控制(RLC)上方 的層之中，所以，該等序號為點對點(PTP)傳輸以及點對多點(PTM)傳輸兩者所共有，所以，當從點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至點對點(PTP)傳輸時，便可維持序號的連續性。如此便可重新排列資料，因而可避免出現副本資料及/或遺失資料。By placing the forward error correction (FEC) layer or the outer coding layer on top of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the sequence number can be added to the layer independent of the Radio Link Control (RLC). Using additional additional material (e.g., sequence number), unacknowledged transmissions can be utilized during the asynchronous transmission of the MBMS data to realign the protocol data units (PDUs) with an encoder packet (EP). Because these numbers are added above the Radio Link Control (RLC) Among the layers, the numbers are common to both point-to-point (PTP) transmissions and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions, so when moving from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission to point-to-point (PTP) transmission The serial number continuity can be maintained. This allows the data to be rearranged so that duplicates and/or lost data can be avoided.

外部編碼亦可用於點對點(PTP)傳輸中，其可提高該系統的部份功率增益及/或縮短再傳輸延遲。多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)資料可忍受某種程度的延遲。於點對點(PTP)傳輸中會提供一條回授路徑。此作法會因為使用ARQ再傳輸的關係而使得無線電連結控制(RLC)已確認模式(AM)的使用更為有效，一般來說，當需要ARQ再傳輸時，其無線電效率會比FEC架構還要有效，因為於FEC技術中必定會發送額外的複數個同位區塊。就此而言，並不必於專屬邏輯頻道(舉例來說，點對點(PTP))上在MBMS酬載資料中加入複數個同位區塊。External coding can also be used in point-to-point (PTP) transmission, which can increase part of the power gain of the system and/or shorten the retransmission delay. Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) data can tolerate some degree of delay. A feedback path is provided in a point-to-point (PTP) transmission. This approach makes the use of Radio Link Control (RLC) acknowledged mode (AM) more efficient because of the ARQ retransmission relationship. In general, when ARQ retransmission is required, the radio efficiency will be more than the FEC architecture. Valid, because an additional number of co-located blocks must be sent in the FEC technique. In this regard, it is not necessary to add a plurality of co-located blocks to the MBMS payload data on a dedicated logical channel (for example, peer-to-peer (PTP)).

圖7A與7B為於無線電連結控制(RLC)層150上置放一前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層157之存取階層的協定結構的具體實施例。現在將參考圖11來說明該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層的具體實施例。7A and 7B are specific embodiments of a protocol structure for placing an access level of a forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 on a radio link control (RLC) layer 150. A specific embodiment of the forward error correction (FEC) layer will now be described with reference to FIG.

該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層157會於該等使用者平面無線電承載上直接接收使用者平面資訊163。因為該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層係位於無線電連結控制(RLC)層的頂端，所以FEC協定資料單元(PDU)會對應RLC服務資料單元(SDU)。該FEC層較佳的係支援任意的SDU大小(其限制為8位元的 倍數)、可變速率資料源、從下層中無序接收封包、以及從下層中接收副本封包。FEC PDU大小的限制可能係8位元的倍數。The forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 receives user plane information 163 directly on the user plane radio bearers. Because the Forward Error Correction (FEC) layer is located at the top of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the FEC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) corresponds to the RLC Service Data Unit (SDU). The FEC layer preferably supports any SDU size (which is limited to 8-bit) Multiple), variable rate data source, receiving packets out of order from the lower layer, and receiving duplicate packets from the lower layer. The FEC PDU size limit may be a multiple of 8 bits.

如下文將參考圖9A的更詳細說明般，該FEC層157會將更高層的使用者資料區塊(例如SDU)分割且串接成相同大小的列。每一列亦可稱為內部區塊。每個協定資料單元(PDU)皆可能包含附加資料。該附加資料可能包含長度指示符號(LI)，用以表示源自某個特殊使用者資料區塊(例如服務資料單元(SDU))的資料可放在最後一個協定資料單元(PDU)中的開頭位置。收集複數個PDU便會構成一編碼器封包(EP)或「編碼器矩陣」。除了其它因素之外，內含於一編碼器封包(EP)中的PDU數量還會和所使用的外部碼相依。將每個編碼器「矩陣」列包裝成一獨立或分離的傳輸時間區間(TTI)便可增強實體層效能。為減輕緩衝負擔，可以使用較短的傳輸時間區間(TTI)持續時間。As will be explained in greater detail below with respect to FIG. 9A, the FEC layer 157 will segment and concatenate higher layer user data blocks (eg, SDUs) into columns of the same size. Each column can also be referred to as an internal block. Each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) may contain additional information. The additional material may include a length indicator (LI) to indicate that data originating from a particular user data block (eg, a Service Data Unit (SDU)) may be placed at the beginning of the last agreed data unit (PDU). position. Collecting a plurality of PDUs constitutes an Encoder Packet (EP) or "Encoder Matrix". Among other factors, the number of PDUs contained in an Encoder Packet (EP) will depend on the external code used. Encapsulating each encoder "matrix" column into a separate or separate Transmission Time Interval (TTI) enhances the physical layer performance. To reduce the buffering burden, a shorter Transmission Time Interval (TTI) duration can be used.

接著，可經由一外部碼編碼器來傳送該編碼器封包(EP)用以產生該等同位列。如下文將參考圖9A的更詳細說明般，該FEC層157可藉由於UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)20中提供一里德-所羅門(RS)編碼器功能來實施外部編碼，並且可藉由於使用者設備(UE)10中提供一里德-所羅門解碼器功能來實施外部解碼。The encoder packet (EP) can then be transmitted via an external code encoder to generate the equivalent bit column. As will be described in greater detail below with respect to FIG. 9A, the FEC layer 157 can implement external encoding by providing a Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder function in the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 20. External decoding is implemented by providing a Reed-Solomon decoder function in the User Equipment (UE) 10.

該外部編碼器所產生的該等同位列可被加入該編碼器封包(EP)之中，並且可置放於一傳輸緩衝器中當作一群內部區塊。每個內部區塊皆具有外加的資訊，用以產生一協定 資料單元(PDU)。接著便可傳輸該等PDU群。The equivalent bit column generated by the external encoder can be added to the encoder packet (EP) and can be placed in a transmission buffer as a group of internal blocks. Each internal block has additional information to generate an agreement Data Unit (PDU). These PDU groups can then be transmitted.

該FEC層157還允許還原隸屬於單一個EP的資料，即使從不同的小區中接收不同的內部區塊亦然。經由傳輸每個協定資料單元(PDU)之標頭中的序號(SN)便可達成此目的。於其中一具體實施例中，系統訊框編號(SFN)有助於按照編碼器封包(EP)來維持資料對齊。本文中將參考圖10A與10B來更詳細地討論序號。The FEC layer 157 also allows for the restoration of data belonging to a single EP, even if different internal blocks are received from different cells. This can be achieved by transmitting the sequence number (SN) in the header of each Protocol Data Unit (PDU). In one embodiment, the System Frame Number (SFN) helps maintain data alignment in accordance with Encoder Packet (EP). The serial numbers will be discussed in more detail herein with reference to Figures 10A and 10B.

該FEC層157還可實施填補與重組、使用者資料傳輸、以及實施上層PDU的循序傳送、副本偵測、以及序號檢查。The FEC layer 157 can also perform padding and reassembly, user data transmission, and implementation of sequential PDU transmission, copy detection, and serial number checking.

於圖6至7A的具體實施例中，該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層157係位於封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)層156與無線電連結控制(RLC)層150之間(例如位於和BMC層相同層級處以及位於封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)層的下方)。藉由將前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層157置放於無線電連結控制(RLC)層150的上方，便可最佳化該外部碼的效能，因為內部區塊大小可匹配該等欲於空中被發送的封包的「黃金」封包大小。不過，吾人應該發現，此圖中的前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層僅供作圖解用途而不具限制性。針對其標頭壓縮功能可於前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層157的頂端使用封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)層156。應該注意的係，目前該封包資料收斂協定(PDCP)層156係針對使用專屬邏輯頻道的點對點(PTP)傳輸來定義。如圖7B所示，可於該無線電連結控制(RLC)層上的存取階層內或該應用層中的任何位置提供該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層。該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層可能係位於該封包資料收斂協定 (PDCP)層的下方或上方。若於應用層80中實施FEC的話，即使GSM與WCDMA具有不同的「黃金」封包大小，亦可等同套用至GSM與WCDMA。In the particular embodiment of Figures 6 through 7A, the forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 is located between the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer 156 and the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer 150 (e.g., at the BMC layer). At the same level and below the Packet Data Convergence Agreement (PDCP) layer). By placing a forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 over the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer 150, the performance of the external code can be optimized because the internal block size can match the desire in the air. The size of the "golden" packet of the packet being sent. However, we should find that the forward error correction (FEC) layer in this figure is for illustrative purposes only and is not limiting. A Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer 156 can be used at the top of the Forward Error Correction (FEC) layer 157 for its header compression function. It should be noted that the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer 156 is currently defined for point-to-point (PTP) transmissions using dedicated logical channels. As shown in FIG. 7B, the forward error correction (FEC) layer can be provided within an access stratum on the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer or anywhere in the application layer. The forward error correction (FEC) layer may be located in the packet data convergence protocol Below or above the (PDCP) layer. If FEC is implemented in the application layer 80, even if GSM and WCDMA have different "golden" packet sizes, they can be applied to GSM and WCDMA.

外部碼設計External code design

該新的前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層可對使用者平面資訊實施外部編碼。圖8為一資訊區塊91及一外部碼區塊95的示意圖，該圖係為圖解外部區塊碼結構的概念。圖9A為如何將外部碼區塊結構套用至多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)資料91的範例示意圖。當於整個小區上廣播可耐受延遲的內容時，外部編碼便可改良實體層效能。舉例來說，外部碼有助於小區間的移轉期間以及點對點(PTP)傳輸模式與點對多點(PTM)傳輸模式間的移轉期間避免遺失資料。The new Forward Error Correction (FEC) layer performs external coding of user plane information. 8 is a schematic diagram of an information block 91 and an outer code block 95, which is a diagram illustrating the concept of an outer block code structure. 9A is a diagram showing an example of how an external code block structure can be applied to Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) data 91. External coding can improve physical layer performance when broadcast delay-tolerant content is broadcast across the cell. For example, the outer code facilitates loss of data during inter-cell transfer and during transfer between point-to-point (PTP) transmission mode and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode.

外部碼區塊95可以一矩陣形式來表示，該矩陣包含k個協定資料單元91以及N-k個同位列93。於外部區塊編碼中，藉由分割、串接、以及填補資料(包含於內部區塊中***附加資料)將使用者資料組織成k個酬載列便可將資料組成大型的編碼器封包或資訊區塊91，而且接著可對所生成的資訊區塊91進行編碼，用以產生N-k個同位列93，可將該等同位列加入至資訊區塊91中以便製造出一外部碼區塊95。該等同位列93會將冗餘資訊加入至資訊區塊91中。接著便可於單一或多個傳輸時間區間(TTI)中來傳輸該外部碼區塊的該等個別列。即使部份協定資料單元(PDU)於傳輸期間遺失，該組協定資料單元(PDU)的冗餘資訊亦能允許重建原來的資訊。The outer code block 95 can be represented in a matrix form comprising k protocol data units 91 and N-k parity columns 93. In the outer block coding, the data is organized into large encoder packets by organizing the user data into k payload columns by dividing, concatenating, and filling the data (including inserting additional data into the internal block). Information block 91, and then the generated information block 91 can be encoded to generate Nk co-located columns 93, which can be added to the information block 91 to create an external code block. 95. The equivalent bit column 93 adds redundant information to the information block 91. The individual columns of the outer code block can then be transmitted in single or multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs). Even if some of the protocol data units (PDUs) are lost during transmission, the redundant information of the group of protocol data units (PDUs) can allow the original information to be reconstructed.

圖9A為被稱為里德-所羅門(RS)區塊碼的示範外部碼區塊的示意圖。里德-所羅門(RS)碼可用來偵測且修正頻道錯誤。圖9A所示之外部碼係一系統性(n,k)區塊碼，其中每個里德-所羅門(RS)碼符號皆包括一由一列與一行所定義的資訊位元組。每一行皆包括一里德-所羅門(RS)碼字組。若欲還原n個遺失區塊，那麼便需要至少n個同位區塊。就此而言，所需要的記憶體數量便會隨著同位區塊數量增加而增加。於里德-所羅門(RS)編碼中，可於k個系統性符號中加入N-k個同位符號，以便產生一碼字組。換言之，一里德-所羅門(RS)[N,k]的碼字組具有k個資訊或「系統性」符號以及N-k個同位符號。N係該碼的長度，而k則係該碼的維度。對每k個資訊位元組來說，該碼會產生n個編碼符號，其前面k個符號可能與該等資訊符號完全相同。每一列皆可稱為一「內部區塊」，並且代表每個傳輸時間區間(TTI)的酬載。舉例來說，於正常的WCDMA系統中，可於20 ms訊框(TTI)的基本WCDMA結構上進行傳輸。可以利用下面定義的產生器矩陣Gk×N 由該等系統性符號中推導出該等同位符號：m1×k ．Gk×N =c1×N 等式(1) m1×k =資訊字組=[m0 m1 ...mk-1 ] 等式(2) c1×N =碼字組=[c0 c1 …cN-1 ] 等式(3)其中mi 、ci 屬於一任意的伽羅華域。舉例來說，若一里德-所羅門(RS)碼字組的符號係一位元的話，那麼便可利用維度2的伽羅華域(GF(2))來描述解碼運算。於其中一具體實 施例中，若該符號係八位元的話，那麼便可利用維度256的伽羅華域GF(256)來描述解碼運算。於此情況中，每個資訊行皆係由每列1位元組所構成。每個資訊行皆可利用維度256的伽羅華域GF(256)上的[N,k]里德-所羅門(RS)碼來進行編碼。若每列有M個位元組的話，該外部區塊便要編碼M次。所以，每個外部區塊95會有N＊ M個位元組。Figure 9A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary outer code block referred to as a Reed-Solomon (RS) block code. The Reed-Solomon (RS) code can be used to detect and correct channel errors. The outer code shown in Figure 9A is a systematic (n, k) block code, wherein each Reed-Solomon (RS) code symbol includes an information byte defined by a column and a row. Each line includes a Reed-Solomon (RS) codeword. If you want to restore n missing blocks, then you need at least n co-located blocks. In this regard, the amount of memory required will increase as the number of co-located blocks increases. In Reed-Solomon (RS) coding, Nk co-located symbols can be added to k systematic symbols to generate a codeword group. In other words, the codeword group of a Reed-Solomon (RS)[N,k] has k information or "systematic" symbols and Nk co-located symbols. N is the length of the code, and k is the dimension of the code. For every k information bytes, the code will generate n coded symbols, the first k symbols of which may be identical to the information symbols. Each column can be called an "internal block" and represents the payload of each transmission time interval (TTI). For example, in a normal WCDMA system, transmission can be performed on a basic WCDMA structure of a 20 ms frame (TTI). The equivalent bit symbol can be derived from the systematic symbols using the generator matrix G k×N defined below: m 1×k . G k × N = c 1 × N Equation (1) m 1 × k = information block = [m 0 m 1 ... m k-1 ] Equation (2) c 1 × N = code block = [c 0 c 1 ... c N-1 ] Equation (3) wherein m i , c i belong to an arbitrary Galois field. For example, if the symbol of a Reed-Solomon (RS) codeword is one-bit, then the Galois field of dimension 2 (GF(2)) can be used to describe the decoding operation. In one embodiment, if the symbol is octet, then the Galois field GF (256) of dimension 256 can be used to describe the decoding operation. In this case, each information line is composed of 1 byte per column. Each information line can be encoded using the [N, k] Reed-Solomon (RS) code on the Galois Field GF (256) of dimension 256. If there are M bytes in each column, the outer block is encoded M times. Therefore, each outer block 95 will have N * M bytes.

刪除解碼Delete decoding

該外部碼結構允許進行刪除修正。若該解碼器已經知道哪個符號有誤的話，那麼重建有誤的系統性符號便僅需要極少量的計算。一編碼器封包(EP)或矩陣代表的係該外部編碼器輸出處的整個資料組。冗餘資訊以縱行形式取自每一列，而且被傳輸的每一列皆於後面附有一CRC，該CRC必須經過檢查以確認該資料是否被正確地發送。於MBMS傳輸的情況中，可於每個傳輸頻道區塊中使用一CRC用以表示一內部區塊91是否有誤，而且若該CRC檢查失敗的話，便可假設該區塊中的所有符號皆有誤。於一具體實施例中，若假定一內部區塊97有誤的話，那麼便可刪除該區塊的所有位元。「刪除」一詞所指的係隸屬於一其CRC檢查失敗之有誤區塊的每一個符號。非刪除的符號則可假設為正確。忽略CRC未偵測到之錯誤的機率，那麼，每個N×1行皆含有正確與被刪除的符號。This external code structure allows for deletion correction. If the decoder already knows which symbol is wrong, then reconstructing the wrong systematic symbol requires only a very small amount of computation. An encoder packet (EP) or matrix represents the entire data set at the output of the external encoder. Redundant information is taken from each column in walad, and each column transmitted is followed by a CRC that must be checked to confirm that the material was sent correctly. In the case of MBMS transmission, a CRC may be used in each transport channel block to indicate whether an internal block 91 is incorrect, and if the CRC check fails, all symbols in the block may be assumed. mistaken. In one embodiment, if an internal block 97 is assumed to be erroneous, then all of the bits of the block can be deleted. The term "delete" refers to each symbol of a erroneous block whose CRC check failed. Non-deleted symbols can be assumed to be correct. Ignoring the probability of an error not detected by the CRC, then each N x 1 line contains the correct and deleted symbols.

經接收的向量r則可寫成：r1×N =[c0 e e c3 c4 e c6 c8 ...cN-1 ] 等式(4)其中e代表刪除。The received vector r can be written as: r 1 × N = [c 0 eec 3 c 4 ec 6 c 8 ... c N-1 ] Equation (4) where e represents deletion.

刪除解碼允許修正高達N-k個有誤符號。因為非刪除的符號可假設為正確，所以，RS碼的錯誤修正特性會遠優於標準RS碼的錯誤修正特性。每個內部區塊中所使用的CRC大小應該足以確保未偵測到之錯誤的機率不超過殘留外部區塊的機率。舉例來說，若該等內部區塊中使用16位元CRC的話，那麼殘留外部區塊錯誤率的下限便將是2-16 =1.5．10-5 。若前面k個內部區塊中沒有任何錯誤的話，那麼便不需要RS解碼，因為該等系統性符號等於該等資訊符號。Deleting decoding allows correction of up to Nk errored symbols. Since the non-deleted symbols can be assumed to be correct, the error correction characteristics of the RS code will be much better than the error correction characteristics of the standard RS code. The size of the CRC used in each internal block should be sufficient to ensure that the probability of an undetected error does not exceed the probability of a residual external block. For example, if a 16-bit CRC is used in the inner blocks, then the lower limit of the residual external block error rate will be 2 -16 = 1.5.10 -5 . If there are no errors in the previous k internal blocks, then RS decoding is not required because the systematic symbols are equal to the information symbols.

請注意，只要接收到具有良好CRC的k個區塊後，便可例可實施該外部區塊的解碼，而不必等待接收到全部的N個內部區塊。為實施刪除解碼，可藉由移除對應複數個刪除符號或不必要區塊的所有行，以便從該產生器矩陣Gk×N 中推導出經修正的產生器矩陣Ωk×k ，舉例來說，僅有前面k個良好接收的符號可用來代表該經修正的產生器矩陣Ωk×k 。Please note that as long as k blocks with good CRC are received, the decoding of the outer block can be implemented without waiting for all N internal blocks to be received. To perform the deletion decoding, the modified generator matrix Ω k × k can be derived from the generator matrix G k×N by removing all the rows corresponding to the plurality of deleted symbols or unnecessary blocks. Said that only the first k well received symbols can be used to represent the modified generator matrix Ω k × k .

可以利用下面等式來還原原來的資訊字組m： 其中為利用前面k個良好符號所獲得之經修正的接收向量。所以，該刪除解碼複雜度便可減低為k×k矩陣的複雜度。因此，使用RS刪除解碼可大幅地簡化RS解碼的計算複雜度。You can use the following equation to restore the original information block m: among them A modified received vector obtained by using the previous k good symbols. Therefore, the deletion decoding complexity can be reduced to the complexity of the k×k matrix. Therefore, the use of RS deletion decoding can greatly simplify the computational complexity of RS decoding.

資料封包對外部碼效能的影響Impact of data packets on external code performance

如下文將參考圖11-13的討論，若特殊的外部編碼架構限制於空中發送的填補與附加資料量的話，便可配合可變速率資料源來使用該外部編碼，而不會造成過大的附加資 料。於上面討論的外部碼架構中，可將資料包裝成特定大小的區塊，並且可於該等區塊上執行縮短的里德-所羅門碼。至少可以兩種不同方式來將該經編碼的封包資料包裝成複數個TTI，現在將參考圖9A與9B來作說明。As will be discussed below with reference to Figures 11-13, if a particular external coding architecture is limited to over-the-air padding and additional data volumes, the external encoding can be used in conjunction with a variable rate data source without causing excessive additions. Capital material. In the outer code architecture discussed above, the data can be packed into blocks of a particular size and the shortened Reed-Solomon code can be executed on the blocks. The encoded packet data can be packaged into a plurality of TTIs in at least two different ways, as will now be described with reference to Figures 9A and 9B.

圖9B為圖9A之外部碼區塊結構的示意圖，其中會有多重列於每個傳輸時間區間(TTI)中被發送。根據本發明另一項觀點，會於單一個TTI中傳輸源自其中一列的資料。於另一具體實施例中，會將源自一編碼器封包(EP)列的資料置入一個TTI中，致使每個TTI皆含有源自該編碼器封包(EP)列的資料。就此而言，可於一分離的WCDMA訊框或傳輸時間區間(TTI)中來傳輸每一列。於其中一個TTI中來傳輸每一列將會提供更佳的效能。圖9B中，k與n都要除以每個TTI的列數，而且某一列中的錯誤可以完全關聯。如此一來，觀察EP錯誤率與TTI錯誤率的關係，便可產生顯著的差別。Figure 9B is a schematic diagram of the outer code block structure of Figure 9A, with multiple columns being transmitted in each transmission time interval (TTI). According to another aspect of the present invention, data originating from one of the columns is transmitted in a single TTI. In another embodiment, data originating from an encoder packet (EP) column is placed into a TTI such that each TTI contains data originating from the encoder packet (EP) column. In this regard, each column can be transmitted in a separate WCDMA frame or transmission time interval (TTI). Transferring each column in one of the TTIs will provide better performance. In Figure 9B, k and n are divided by the number of columns per TTI, and errors in one column can be fully correlated. As a result, observing the relationship between the EP error rate and the TTI error rate can produce significant differences.

圖9C為圖9A之外部區塊結構的示意圖，其中每一列皆可多個TTI中被發送。應該瞭解的係，雖然圖9C於四個TTI(TTI0-TTI3)中發送每一列編碼器封包(EP)，不過，實際上，每一列卻可於任意數量的TTI中進行發送。因為每一行皆係一外部碼碼字組，所以，每個該等四個不同的傳輸「相態」(TTI0-TTI3)便合組成一獨立的外部碼。為還原整個封包，全部該些獨立的外部碼皆必須正確地解碼。9C is a schematic diagram of the outer block structure of FIG. 9A, in which each column can be transmitted in multiple TTIs. It should be understood that although Figure 9C transmits each column of Encoder Packets (EP) in four TTIs (TTI0-TTI3), in practice, each column can be transmitted in any number of TTIs. Since each line is an external code word block, each of the four different transmission "phases" (TTI0-TTI3) combine to form a separate outer code. In order to restore the entire packet, all of the independent external codes must be correctly decoded.

圖10A與10B為該前向式錯誤修正層所產生之外部碼區塊的示意圖。10A and 10B are schematic diagrams of external code blocks generated by the forward error correction layer.

FECc模式可使用於共同或點對多點(PTM)邏輯頻道上， 藉由於MBMS酬載資料91中加入同位列或區塊93以建構外部碼區塊95。每個外部區塊95皆包含複數個內部區塊91、93。辨識內部區塊的順序及其相對於編碼器封包的位置便可將每個可用的內部區塊置放於正確位置處，致使可正確地完成外部解碼。於其中一具體實施例中，每個內部區塊皆包含一標頭94，其可利用內部區塊數m及外部區塊n來辨識該內部區塊。舉例來說，外部區塊n包含一具有m個多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊的資料部份91，以及一具有M-(m+1)個內部同位區塊的冗餘部份93。根據本具體實施例，可針對MBMS來最佳化序號空間，並且利用數個不同的序號(舉例來說，0至127)來定義該序號空間。該序號空間的大小應該足以在任何移轉類型所導致的接收間隙後不會出現相同的序號。即使有部份內部區塊遺失，該接收UE應該還是能夠決定該等內部區塊的順序。若該UE所遺失的內部區塊超過整個序號空間所能辨識的數量的話，該UE將無法正確地再排序該等內部區塊。跨越該等FECd區塊與FECc區塊的相同內部區塊的序號係完全相同的。該等FECd區塊並不包含該等FECc區塊中所採用之冗餘部份93。FECd實體與FECc實體可於空中使用相同的位元速率。FECc mode can be used on common or point-to-multipoint (PTM) logical channels, The outer code block 95 is constructed by adding a co-located column or block 93 to the MBMS payload data 91. Each outer block 95 includes a plurality of inner blocks 91, 93. Recognizing the order of the internal blocks and their position relative to the encoder packet places each available internal block at the correct location, allowing external decoding to be done correctly. In one embodiment, each internal block includes a header 94 that can identify the internal block using the inner block number m and the outer block n. For example, the outer block n includes a data portion 91 having m multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload blocks, and a redundancy with M-(m+1) internal co-located blocks. Part 93. According to this particular embodiment, the sequence space can be optimized for MBMS and defined by a number of different sequence numbers (for example, 0 to 127). The size of the sequence space should be sufficient to not have the same sequence number after the reception gap caused by any of the transfer types. Even if some internal blocks are lost, the receiving UE should be able to determine the order of the internal blocks. If the internal block lost by the UE exceeds the number that can be recognized by the entire sequence space, the UE will not be able to correctly reorder the internal blocks. The sequence numbers of the same internal blocks spanning the FECd blocks and the FECc blocks are identical. The FECd blocks do not include the redundant portion 93 employed in the FECc blocks. The FECd entity and the FECc entity can use the same bit rate over the air.

傳輸端Transmission end

傳輸前向式錯誤修正(FEC)實體410包含一服務資料單元(SDU)緩衝器412，用以接收SDU；一分割與串接單元414；一外部編碼器416，用以實施里德-所羅門(RS)編碼；一序號產生器418，用以將一序號加入該等經編碼的PDU中；一 傳輸緩衝器420，用以於該等邏輯頻道406上傳輸該等PDU；以及一排程單元422。The Transmission Forward Error Correction (FEC) entity 410 includes a Service Data Unit (SDU) buffer 412 for receiving SDUs; a Split and Concatenation Unit 414; and an External Encoder 416 for implementing Reed-Solomon ( RS) encoding; a sequence number generator 418 for adding a sequence number to the encoded PDUs; Transmission buffer 420 for transmitting the PDUs on the logical channels 406; and a scheduling unit 422.

服務資料單元(SDU)緩衝器412會於無線電承載402上以服務資料單元(SDU)的形式來接收使用者資料(FEC SDU)，如箭頭所示，並且儲存源自更高層的FEC SDU。該接收緩衝器412會通知排程單元422將會傳輸多少資料。The Service Profile Unit (SDU) buffer 412 receives User Profiles (FEC SDUs) on the radio bearers 402 in the form of Service Profile Units (SDUs), as indicated by the arrows, and stores FEC SDUs originating from higher layers. The receive buffer 412 will inform the schedule unit 422 how much data will be transferred.

如上面的討論，填補一編碼器封包(EP)所花費的時間量通常都會變動，因為資料源速率通常都係會變動的。如參考圖13的解釋，藉由彈性地決定何時開始包裝該資料，便可改良訊框填補效率。以該接收FEC實體430的抖動耐受性為基礎儘可能地延遲該EP的製造時間，便可減少所引入的填補量。As discussed above, the amount of time it takes to fill an encoder packet (EP) typically varies, as the source speed usually varies. As explained with reference to Fig. 13, the frame filling efficiency can be improved by flexibly determining when to start packaging the data. By reducing the manufacturing time of the EP as much as possible based on the jitter tolerance of the receiving FEC entity 430, the amount of padding introduced can be reduced.

該排程實體422可決定何時開始編碼。該排程器422較佳的係會以該項特殊服務的QoS曲線為基礎來決定必須送出一封包前可以等待的時間長度。一旦該排程器422確定已經累積足夠的資料時，或是已經耗盡最大可接受封包傳輸延遲時，該排程器便會觸發產生一編碼器封包(EP)91。分割與串接單元414可將服務資料單元(SDU)分割成各列，並且產生長度指示符號(LI)。The scheduling entity 422 can decide when to begin encoding. The scheduler 422 preferably determines the length of time that can be waited before a packet must be sent based on the QoS profile of the particular service. Once the scheduler 422 determines that sufficient data has been accumulated, or has exhausted the maximum acceptable packet transmission delay, the scheduler triggers the generation of an Encoder Packet (EP) 91. The segmentation and concatenation unit 414 can divide the service data unit (SDU) into columns and generate a length indicator (LI).

排程單元422較佳的係可決定該EP或協定資料單元(PDU)的最佳列大小，致使該等SDU可確實置入於列數(舉例來說，12列)之中。或者，排程器422會從RRC所組織的FEC PDU大小中選擇一FEC PDU大小，其將會導致最少可能的填補作業，並且要求分割與串接功能414將該等SDU格 式化成k個大小為PDU_size-FEC_Header_size的區塊。此格式化作業可以改變。下文將參考圖12-13來討論不同格式化類型的範例。所考量的總資料量應該包含將會被串接與分割功能414併入的附加資料。為產生該編碼器封包(EP)，排程器422會要求串接與分割功能414產生k個此大小的PDU。此大小包含重組資訊。於其中一具體實施例中，該等PDU的大小為8位元的倍數，而且連續PDU的資料會對應該等碼字組中不同的符號。The scheduling unit 422 preferably determines the optimal column size of the EP or protocol data unit (PDU) such that the SDUs can be indeed placed in the number of columns (for example, 12 columns). Alternatively, scheduler 422 will select an FEC PDU size from the FEC PDU size organized by RRC, which will result in the least possible padding operation, and requires split and concatenation function 414 to place the SDUs. It is transformed into k blocks of size PDU_size-FEC_Header_size. This formatting job can be changed. Examples of different formatting types are discussed below with reference to Figures 12-13. The total amount of data considered should include additional material that will be incorporated by the concatenation and segmentation function 414. To generate the Encoder Packet (EP), Scheduler 422 will request the Cascade and Split function 414 to generate k PDUs of this size. This size contains reorganization information. In one embodiment, the size of the PDUs is a multiple of 8 bits, and the data of the consecutive PDUs should be equal to the different symbols in the codeword group.

接著，該等k個PDU區塊便可行經實施里德-所羅門(RS)編碼的外部編碼器416。該外部編碼器416會產生冗餘或同位資訊並且將其附加至該編碼器封包(EP)矩陣中，產生一外部碼區塊，以便編碼該編碼器封包(EP)矩陣中的資料。於一具體實施例中，該外部碼可假設為(n,k)刪除解碼區塊碼，而且該外部編碼器會產生n-k個同位區塊。該編碼器會對k列相等長度的資訊實施編碼，並且傳送給相同大小之下方子層n個協定資料單元(PDU)。前面k個區塊會與其接收的區塊相同，而後面的n-k個區塊則會對應到同位資訊。The k PDU blocks can then be passed through an external encoder 416 that implements Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding. The outer encoder 416 generates redundant or co-located information and appends it to the encoder packet (EP) matrix to produce an outer code block for encoding the data in the encoder packet (EP) matrix. In one embodiment, the outer code can be assumed to be (n, k) to delete the decoded block code, and the outer encoder will generate n-k co-located blocks. The encoder encodes information of equal length in the k-column and transmits it to n sub-data units (PDUs) of the sub-layer of the same size. The first k blocks will be the same as the blocks they receive, and the next n-k blocks will correspond to the parity information.

排程器422還會監視PTM串的時間對齊或相對時序，並且實施傳輸以調整不同邏輯串的對齊情形。舉例來說，於重新組態期間，可以調整PTP與PTM邏輯串間的時間對齊結果，以便有利於服務連續性。當該等資料串產生完全同步時，便可獲得最佳的效能。Scheduler 422 also monitors the time alignment or relative timing of the PTM strings and implements transmissions to adjust the alignment of different logic strings. For example, during reconfiguration, the time alignment between the PTP and PTM logic strings can be adjusted to facilitate service continuity. The best performance is achieved when the strings are fully synchronized.

不同的基地台(或是不同的傳輸模式PTP、點對多點(PTM))會傳輸相同的內容串，不過，該等內容串可能無法 對齊。不過，若該等資料串的編碼器封包(EP)格式相同的話，那麼每個資料串上的資訊便完全相同。將一序號加入每個外部區塊可讓該使用者設備(UE)組合該等兩個資料串，因為該使用者設備(UE)將會知道該等兩個資料串間的關係。Different base stations (or different transmission modes PTP, point-to-multipoint (PTM)) will transmit the same content string, but these content strings may not be able to Align. However, if the encoder packets (EP) format of the data strings are the same, then the information on each data string is identical. Adding a sequence number to each external block allows the user equipment (UE) to combine the two data strings because the user equipment (UE) will know the relationship between the two data strings.

序號產生器418會以和編碼器416中所使用的相同順序將一序號附加在每個區塊的前面用以產生PDU。舉例來說，於一具體實施例中，該序號產生器會於每個外部碼區塊的前面加進一八位元的序號，用以產生PDU。亦可於該外部碼區塊中加入額外的附加資料資訊。序號空間應該足以容納資料串間最糟的時間差。所以，於另一具體實施例中，可以使用大小為20的序號空間，並且可於每個標頭中為該序號保留至少5位位元。可於實施里德-所羅門(RS)編碼後再將此標頭附加至該外部碼區塊，所以此「外部」標頭並不受到該外部碼的保護。較佳的係亦可為同位區塊加入序號，即使該等序號可能不會被傳輸亦無所謂。於其中一具體實施例中，該序號相態可以對其編碼器封包邊界。序號前進便代表接收到一新的編碼器封包。Sequence number generator 418 appends a sequence number to the front of each block in the same order as used in encoder 416 to generate the PDU. For example, in a specific embodiment, the sequence number generator adds an octet number to the front of each outer code block to generate a PDU. Additional additional information may also be added to the external code block. The sequence space should be large enough to accommodate the worst time difference between strings. Therefore, in another embodiment, a sequence space of size 20 can be used and at least 5 bits can be reserved for the sequence number in each header. This header can be appended to the outer code block after the Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding is implemented, so the "external" header is not protected by the external code. Preferably, the serial number can also be added to the co-located block, even if the serial numbers may not be transmitted. In one embodiment, the sequence phase can be bound to its encoder. The serial number forward means that a new encoder packet is received.

前向式錯誤修正(FEC)標頭格式Forward Error Correction (FEC) header format

如上述，引入含有和PDU排序相關之資訊的序號便可達到資料串同步化的目的。除了重新排序以及副本偵測之外，序號還可重新排列源自一編碼器封包中內含之個別資料源的資料。此序號可明確地指出每個封包應該考慮的順序。此序號可構成一「FEC標頭」，可於實施編碼之後將該 標頭同時附加至資訊酬載單元(PDU)以及同位區塊中。該序號不應該受到該外部碼保護，因為必須利用該序號來進行解碼。As described above, the serial number of the information related to the sorting of the PDU can be introduced to achieve the purpose of synchronizing the data string. In addition to reordering and copy detection, the sequence number can rearrange data from individual sources contained in an encoder packet. This sequence number clearly indicates the order in which each packet should be considered. This serial number can constitute an "FEC header" which can be used after the encoding is implemented. The header is attached to both the information payload unit (PDU) and the co-located block. The sequence number should not be protected by the external code because the sequence number must be used for decoding.

圖14為一前向式錯誤修正(FEC)標頭格式的具體實施例示意圖。為幫助讓該資料對齊該編碼器封包(EP)，可以分割該序號使其包含一保留部份(R)402；一編碼器封包(EP)部份404，用以找出該EP(EPSN)；以及一內部編碼器封包，用以於該編碼器封包(IEPSN)406內找出一特殊內部區塊的位置。14 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) header format. To help align the data with the encoder packet (EP), the sequence number can be divided to include a reserved portion (R) 402; an encoder packet (EP) portion 404 for finding the EP (EPSN) And an internal encoder packet for finding the location of a particular internal block within the encoder packet (IEPSN) 406.

吾人希望FEC層400能夠與所有的無線電連結控制(RLC)模式中交換運作。因為無線電連結控制(RLC)AM及無線電連結控制(RLC)UM兩者皆要求服務資料單元(SDU)的大小為8位元的倍數，那麼，吾人便希望FEC層400亦能支持此項規定。因為FEC層400的外部碼係以資料位元組大小遞增的方式來運作，所以，該編碼器封包(EP)列大小也必須為整數個位元組。所以，FEC標頭大小401應該也是8位元的倍數，以便讓無線電連結控制(RLC)可接受該FEC協定資料單元(PDU)大小。於前向式錯誤修正(FEC)標頭401可為一個位元組的具體實施例中，保留部份(R)402包括單一個位元，用以辨識該EP(EPSN)404的部份包括3位位元，而用以於該編碼器封包(IEPSN)406內找出該PDU之位置的IEP部份則包括4位元。於此具體實施例中，會使用一8位元的序號，因為吾人預期每個TTI中將會發送一個PDU且因為吾人不希望不同小區的傳輸時序會漂移超過100 ms。We hope that the FEC layer 400 will be able to operate interchangeably with all Radio Link Control (RLC) modes. Since both Radio Link Control (RLC) AM and Radio Link Control (RLC) UM require a Service Data Unit (SDU) size of a multiple of 8 bits, then we would like the FEC layer 400 to support this provision. Because the outer code of the FEC layer 400 operates in increments of data byte sizes, the encoder packet (EP) column size must also be an integer number of bytes. Therefore, the FEC header size 401 should also be a multiple of 8 bits in order for the Radio Link Control (RLC) to accept the FEC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) size. In a specific embodiment where the forward error correction (FEC) header 401 can be a byte, the reserved portion (R) 402 includes a single bit for identifying that the portion of the EP (EPSN) 404 includes A 3-bit bit, and the IEP portion used to find the location of the PDU within the Encoder Packet (IEPSN) 406 includes 4 bits. In this particular embodiment, an 8-bit sequence number is used because we expect that one PDU will be sent in each TTI and because we do not want the transmission timing of different cells to drift more than 100 ms.

傳輸緩衝器420會儲存該等PDU，直到累積一資料訊框為止。當該等PDU被要求的時候，傳輸緩衝器420便會透過一邏輯頻道於無線電介面(Uu)上逐一地將該等訊框傳輸給MAC層。接著，該MAC層便會透過複數個傳輸頻道將該等PDU送至實體層，最後該實體層便會將該等PDU送至UE 10。The transmission buffer 420 stores the PDUs until a data frame is accumulated. When the PDUs are requested, the transmission buffer 420 transmits the frames to the MAC layer one by one through the logical interface (Uu) through a logical channel. Then, the MAC layer sends the PDUs to the physical layer through a plurality of transmission channels, and finally the physical layer sends the PDUs to the UE 10.

接收端Receiving end

繼續參考圖11，接收前向式錯誤修正(FEC)實體430包含一接收緩衝器/再排序/副本偵測單元438；一序號移除單元436；一外部解碼器434，其可實施里德-所羅門(RS)解碼；以及一重組單元/服務資料單元(SDU)傳輸緩衝器432。With continued reference to FIG. 11, the Receive Forward Error Correction (FEC) entity 430 includes a receive buffer/reorder/copy detection unit 438; a sequence number removal unit 436; and an external decoder 434 that can implement Reed- Solomon (RS) decoding; and a reassembly unit/service data unit (SDU) transmission buffer 432.

該EP矩陣的資訊列會對應複數個PDU。為支援外部編碼，該接收前向式錯誤修正(FEC)實體430於觸發外部解碼以前會累積數個FEC PDU。為達成連續接收的目的，任憑需要解碼複數個編碼器封包，該使用者設備(UE)仍然會於實施解碼時同時緩衝該等進來的協定資料單元(PDU)。The information column of the EP matrix corresponds to a plurality of PDUs. To support external encoding, the Receive Forward Error Correction (FEC) entity 430 accumulates several FEC PDUs before triggering external decoding. For the purpose of continuous reception, if it is necessary to decode a plurality of encoder packets, the user equipment (UE) will still buffer the incoming protocol data units (PDUs) while performing decoding.

接收緩衝器438可以累積複數個PDU，直到接收到整個編碼器封包(EP)為止或是直到該排程單元(未顯示)符合不會再傳輸該編碼器封包(EP)的條件為止。一旦判斷出不會再接收到一特定編碼器封包的任何資料後，便可將遺失的PDU視為刪除資料。換言之，可於解碼過程中利用刪除符號來取代未通過CRC測試的PDU。The receive buffer 438 can accumulate a plurality of PDUs until the entire encoder packet (EP) is received or until the schedule unit (not shown) meets the condition that the encoder packet (EP) is no longer transmitted. Once it is determined that any data of a particular encoder packet will no longer be received, the lost PDU can be considered as deleted. In other words, the PDU that failed the CRC test can be replaced with a delete symbol in the decoding process.

因為部份區塊會於傳輸期間被丟掉，而且因為不同資料串可能具有不同延遲的關係，所以該接收前向式錯誤修正 (FEC)實體430會對接收緩衝器/再排序/副本偵測單元438中的已接收的區塊實施副本偵測並且可對會實施再排序。可於每個FEC協定資料單元(PDU)中使用該序號來協助進行再排序/副本偵測。可於接收緩衝器438中使用該序號來再排序無序接收到的資料。一旦對PDU進行再排序後，該副本偵測單元便會以其序號為基礎來偵測編碼器封包(EP)中的副本PDU，並且消除任何的副本資料。Because some blocks are lost during transmission, and because different data strings may have different delay relationships, the receive forward error correction The (FEC) entity 430 performs copy detection on the received blocks in the receive buffer/reorder/copy detection unit 438 and may perform reordering. This sequence number can be used in each FEC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to assist in reordering/copy detection. The sequence number can be used in receive buffer 438 to reorder the unordered received data. Once the PDU is reordered, the copy detection unit detects the copy PDU in the Encoder Packet (EP) based on its sequence number and eliminates any duplicate data.

接著便可移除該等序號。序號移除單元436可從該編碼器封包(EP)中移除序號，因為該序號並非係欲被發送至該里德-所羅門(RS)解碼器之區塊的一部份。The serial numbers can then be removed. The sequence number removal unit 436 can remove the sequence number from the encoder packet (EP) because the sequence number is not part of the block to be sent to the Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder.

接著可將該資料送至外部解碼功能434，用以還原遺失的資訊。該外部解碼器434會接收該編碼器封包(EP)，必要時，還可利用同位資訊來再生任何有誤或遺失的列，以便對該編碼器封包(EP)實施里德-所羅門(RS)解碼。舉例來說，若含有資訊的全部k個協定資料單元(PDU)皆未被正確收到的話，或是n個PDU中少於k個未被正確收到的話，那麼便可對該等協定資料單元(PDU)實施外部解碼(其數量高達該等同位PDU的大小)，以便還原遺失的資訊PDU。當實施外部解碼時，該接收器處將至少有一個同位PDU可用。若含有資訊的全部k個協定資料單元(PDU)皆被正確收到的話，或是n個PDU中少於k個被正確收到的話，那麼便不必實施解碼。接著便可將該等資訊協定資料單元(PDU)傳送至該重組功能432。The data can then be sent to an external decoding function 434 to restore the lost information. The external decoder 434 receives the encoder packet (EP) and, if necessary, can utilize the parity information to regenerate any erroneous or missing columns to implement Reed-Solomon (RS) for the encoder packet (EP). decoding. For example, if all k protocol data units (PDUs) containing information are not received correctly, or if less than k of n PDUs are not received correctly, then the agreement data can be obtained. The unit (PDU) implements external decoding (the number of which is up to the size of the equivalent PDU) in order to restore the lost information PDU. When external decoding is implemented, at least one co-located PDU will be available at the receiver. If all the k protocol data units (PDUs) containing the information are correctly received, or if less than k of the n PDUs are correctly received, then decoding is not necessary. The information protocol data units (PDUs) can then be transferred to the reorganization function 432.

不論該外部解碼成功與否，皆可將該等資訊列傳送至該 重組單元/功能432。該重組單元432會利用長度指示符號(LI)來重組或重建源自該編碼器封包(EP)矩陣之資訊列的SDU。一旦成功地將複數個SDU放在一起後，該服務資料單元(SDU)傳輸緩衝器432便會於無線電承載440上傳輸等服務資料單元(SDU)，用以將該等SDU傳送給更高層。Whether the external decoding is successful or not, the information column can be transmitted to the Reorganization unit/function 432. The reassembly unit 432 may utilize the length indicator (LI) to reassemble or reconstruct the SDUs derived from the information sequence of the Encoder Packet (EP) matrix. Once the plurality of SDUs have been successfully put together, the Service Data Unit (SDU) transmission buffer 432 transmits the Service Data Units (SDUs) on the Radio Bearer 440 for transmission of the SDUs to the higher layers.

於接收前向式錯誤修正(FEC)實體430處，讓UE可以不同邏輯串間的時間補償來延遲解碼，便可因為邏輯串間不需要同步的關係，而讓該系統完整地運用潛在無序接收資料的好處。如此便可於交遞以及PTP與PTM的移轉期間來讓該項服務更為流暢。下文將參考圖15來討論讓UE以不同邏輯串間的時間補償來延遲解碼的演算法。At the receiving forward error correction (FEC) entity 430, the UE can delay decoding by time compensation between different logic strings, so that the system can completely use the potentially disordered receiving data because the logic strings do not need to be synchronized. the benefits of. This makes the service smoother during delivery and during the transfer of PTP and PTM. An algorithm that allows the UE to delay decoding with time compensation between different logical strings will be discussed below with reference to FIG.

編碼器封包(EP)選項：固定或可變列大小Encoder Packet (EP) option: fixed or variable column size

該FEC或外部碼實體可彈性決定何時建構協定資料單元(PDU)，因為該等協定資料單元(PDU)並不必於每個傳輸時間區間(TTI)中被連續發送。如此便可造成較佳的訊框填補效率以及較少的填補附加資料。The FEC or external code entity may flexibly decide when to construct a protocol data unit (PDU) because the protocol data units (PDUs) are not necessarily continuously transmitted in each transmission time interval (TTI). This can result in better frame filling efficiency and less filling of additional information.

必要時，該外部碼實體可於每個傳輸時間區間(TTI)處產生一酬載。可於從更高層接收到服務資料單元(SDU)時便即時地建構協定資料單元(PDU)。若沒有足夠資料來建立一協定資料單元(PDU)時，那麼該RLC便可加入填補資訊。The external code entity may generate a payload at each transmission time interval (TTI) as necessary. The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) can be constructed on the fly as soon as the Service Data Unit (SDU) is received from a higher layer. If there is not enough information to establish a protocol data unit (PDU), then the RLC can join the filling information.

固定列大小編碼器封包(EP)Fixed column size encoder package (EP)

當編碼SDU 201-204時，吾人會希望儘可能地減少將會被傳輸的填補量。When encoding SDUs 201-204, we would like to reduce the amount of padding that will be transmitted as much as possible.

於一具體實施例中，編碼器封包(EP)矩陣205的列大小可 能係固定大小。預先知道編碼器封包(EP)矩陣205的列大小，便可將該資料對齊原來的組態。因為事先知道將會被發送的SDU 201-204的列大小，所以於接收到資料後便可立即開始傳輸，而不必等待查看將會有多少資料被發送。In a specific embodiment, the column size of the Encoder Packet (EP) matrix 205 can be Can be fixed size. Knowing the column size of the Encoder Packet (EP) matrix 205 in advance allows the data to be aligned to the original configuration. Since the column size of the SDUs 201-204 to be transmitted is known in advance, the transmission can be started immediately after receiving the data without waiting for viewing how much data will be sent.

圖12A為用以從複數個資料單元201-204中產生一外部碼區塊214的編碼過程範例，其中該外部碼區塊214的列大小可能係固定的。於此範例中，使用者資料的形式為複數個服務資料單元(SDU)201-204，其包含一任意大小的位元區塊，其大小和特殊的應用(視訊、語音等)有關。12A is an example of an encoding process for generating an outer code block 214 from a plurality of data units 201-204, wherein the column size of the outer code block 214 may be fixed. In this example, the user data is in the form of a plurality of Service Data Units (SDUs) 201-204, which include an arbitrarily sized bit block whose size is related to a particular application (video, voice, etc.).

為能傳輸任意大小的FEC SDU，可於FEC階中實施分割、串接、以及填補作業。雖然並非絕對需要串接作業，不過，若無該項作業則會嚴重地損及更高層資料處理量。In order to be able to transmit FEC SDUs of any size, splitting, concatenation, and padding can be performed in the FEC stage. Although it is not absolutely necessary to perform serial work, if there is no such work, it will seriously damage the higher level of data processing.

可先將該等更高層SDU 201-204格式化成此固定的PDU大小。於此具體實施例中，分割/串接功能可產生該用戶單元專屬之固定大小的複數個內部區塊。步驟220處，可分割且串接該群內部區塊，使其變成一編碼器封包矩陣205的一部份，該編碼器封包矩陣205含有複數個內部區塊；必要的填補資訊208；以及長度指示符號(LI)206，其可藉由表示該EP某一特定列中究竟有多少個SDU，以便指到該等服務資料單元(SDU)201-204的結束處。下面討論的外部編碼器會使用該些內部區塊來產生複數個冗餘區塊。The higher layer SDUs 201-204 may be formatted into this fixed PDU size. In this particular embodiment, the split/serial function may generate a plurality of internal blocks of a fixed size that are specific to the subscriber unit. In step 220, the intra-group block can be divided and concatenated to become part of an encoder packet matrix 205. The encoder packet matrix 205 includes a plurality of internal blocks; necessary padding information 208; An indicator (LI) 206, which can indicate the number of SDUs in a particular column of the EP, to point to the end of the service data units (SDUs) 201-204. The external encoders discussed below use these internal blocks to generate a plurality of redundant blocks.

於無線電連結控制(RLC)中，長度指示符號(LI)會表示按照該協定資料單元(PDU)所找到之每個服務資料單元(SDU)的結束處，而非按照該服務資料單元(SDU)。如此有 助於減少附加資料，因為PDU大小通常小於服務資料單元(SDU)的大小。舉例來說，可利用長度指示符號(LI)來表示結束於該酬載資料單元(PDU)內之每個FEC服務資料單元(SDU)的最後八個位元。「長度指示符號」可設為介於該FEC標頭之結束處與一FEC SDU分段之最後一個八位元間的八位元數量。長度指示符號(LI)較佳的係內含於該長度指示符號(LI)所參照的該等PDU之中。換言之，該等長度指示符號(LI)較佳的係參照相同的酬載資料單元(PDU)，而且較佳的係和該長度指示符號(LI)所參照的FEC SDU具有相同的順序。In Radio Link Control (RLC), the length indicator (LI) indicates the end of each Service Data Unit (SDU) found in accordance with the Protocol Data Unit (PDU), not the Service Data Unit (SDU). . So there is Helps reduce additional data because the PDU size is usually smaller than the size of the Service Data Unit (SDU). For example, a length indicator (LI) can be utilized to represent the last eight bits of each FEC Service Data Unit (SDU) that ends within the payload data unit (PDU). The "length indicator" can be set to the number of octets between the end of the FEC header and the last octet of an FEC SDU segment. Preferably, the length indicator (LI) is included in the PDUs to which the length indicator (LI) is referenced. In other words, the length indicator (LI) preferably refers to the same payload data unit (PDU), and preferably has the same order as the FEC SDU to which the length indicator (LI) refers.

當接收到該外部區塊時，便可利用資訊(例如長度指示符號(LI))來讓該接收器知道該服務資料單元(SDU)及/或填補資訊的開始與結束位置。When the external block is received, information such as a length indicator (LI) can be utilized to let the receiver know the start and end of the service data unit (SDU) and/or the padding information.

因為無法於FEC標頭中使用一位元來表示有長度指示符號(LI)存在，所以，該FEC層會於該酬載內加入一固定標頭用以表示有複數個長度指示符號(LI)存在。內部標頭或LI會提供用來重建該等SDU 201-204所需要的全部資訊。LI可能係內含於其所參照的RLC-PDU之中。可以利用RLC-PDU之序號標頭中內含的旗標來表示有第一LI存在。可以使用每個LI中的一位位元來表示其延伸部份。為允許該等長度指示符號(LI)的長度隨著FEC PDU大小而改變，可為該一位元組的長度指示符號(LI)引進一新的特殊值，用以表示其中一位元組之結束處的先前SDU，除非填補最後一個PDU。可以各種方式來實現該等長度指示符號(LI)存在位 元，下文將討論其中兩種方式。Because a single element cannot be used in the FEC header to indicate the presence of a length indicator (LI), the FEC layer adds a fixed header to the payload to indicate that there are multiple length indicators (LI). presence. The internal header or LI will provide all the information needed to reconstruct the SDUs 201-204. LI may be included in the RLC-PDU to which it refers. The flag contained in the sequence header of the RLC-PDU may be used to indicate that the first LI exists. One bit in each LI can be used to represent its extension. To allow the length of the length indicator (LI) to vary with the FEC PDU size, a new special value can be introduced for the length indicator (LI) of the one-tuple to represent one of the tuples. The previous SDU at the end, unless the last PDU is filled. The length indicator (LI) presence bit can be implemented in various ways. Yuan, two of them will be discussed below.

於其中一具體實施例中，可於每個協定資料單元(PDU)中提供一長度指示符號(LI)存在位元。舉例來說，可於每個編碼器封包(EP)列的開頭處加入一位元組，而且該位元組中的某一位元可表示有該LI存在。每個協定資料單元(PDU)的整個第一位元組可保留供此「存在位元」使用。為容納此存在位元，可將該長度指示符號資料縮短一位位元。於每個協定資料單元(PDU)中提供一存在位元便可於EP解碼失敗時仍可解碼SDU，即使第一個PDU遺失亦無所謂。如此便可促成較低的殘留錯誤率。於每個PDU中提供一存在位元還可允許進行即時串接/分割作業。In one embodiment, a length indicator (LI) presence bit may be provided in each protocol data unit (PDU). For example, a tuple can be added at the beginning of each encoder packet (EP) column, and a bit in the byte can indicate that the LI exists. The entire first byte of each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) can be reserved for use by this "existing bit". To accommodate this existing bit, the length indicator data can be shortened by one bit. Providing a presence bit in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) can still decode the SDU when the EP decoding fails, even if the first PDU is lost. This can result in a lower residual error rate. Providing a presence bit in each PDU may also allow for an instant concatenation/segmentation job.

於另一具體實施例中，可於第一個PDU中提供一長度指示符號(LI)存在位元。於該具體實施例中並不會於每個PDU的開頭處加入該附加資料，取而代之的係，可於該EP之第一個PDU的開頭處加入全部k個資訊PDU的存在位元。當具有大型SDU及/或小型PDU時，於編碼器封包(EP)的開頭處提供該存在位元便可促成較少的附加資料。In another embodiment, a length indicator (LI) presence bit may be provided in the first PDU. In this particular embodiment, the additional material is not added at the beginning of each PDU. Alternatively, the presence bits of all k information PDUs may be added at the beginning of the first PDU of the EP. When there are large SDUs and/or small PDUs, providing the presence bits at the beginning of the Encoder Packet (EP) can result in less additional material.

經過分割及串接之後，EP 205中便會有數列被該等複數個服務資料單元(SDU)201-204中至少其中一者及填補區塊佔據。一外部區塊的列大小可被設計成能夠於一傳輸時間區間(TTI)期間以尖峰資料速率來傳輸。服務資料單元(SDU)通常無法對齊於一傳輸時間區間(TTI)期間被發送的資料量。因此，如圖11所示，第二與第四SDU 202、204並不能置入該EP第一列與第二列的傳輸時間區間(TTI)之 中。於此範例中，該EP有12列可供資料來使用，並且可將該等四個SDU 201-204包裝於該等12列的前面三列之中。該EP 205的其餘列則會被填補區塊208佔據。因此，可分割第二SDU 202，致使該第二服務資料單元(SDU)202的第一部份起始於「資訊區塊」第一列，而該第二SDU 202的第二部份結束於第二列。同樣地，必須分割第三SDU，致使該第三服務資料單元(SDU)203的第一部份起始於第二列，而該第三SDU 203的第二部份結束於第三列。第四服務資料單元(SDU)204可置入第三列之中，並且可利用填補區塊208來填充第三列的其餘部份。於此範例中，編碼器封包(EP)213大部份係由填補資訊208所構成。After segmentation and concatenation, the EP 205 will have a number of columns occupied by at least one of the plurality of service data units (SDUs) 201-204 and the padding block. The column size of an outer block can be designed to be transmitted at a peak data rate during a transmission time interval (TTI). Service Data Units (SDUs) typically cannot be aligned to the amount of data being sent during a Transmission Time Interval (TTI). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, the second and fourth SDUs 202, 204 cannot be placed in the transmission time interval (TTI) of the first column and the second column of the EP. in. In this example, the EP has 12 columns for data to use, and the four SDUs 201-204 can be packaged in the first three columns of the 12 columns. The remaining columns of the EP 205 will be occupied by the padding block 208. Therefore, the second SDU 202 can be divided such that the first portion of the second service data unit (SDU) 202 starts in the first column of the "information block" and the second portion of the second SDU 202 ends in The second column. Similarly, the third SDU must be split such that the first portion of the third service data unit (SDU) 203 begins in the second column and the second portion of the third SDU 203 ends in the third column. A fourth service data unit (SDU) 204 can be placed in the third column, and the padding block 208 can be utilized to fill the remainder of the third column. In this example, most of the Encoder Packet (EP) 213 is composed of padding information 208.

該編碼器會使用該EP來產生冗餘或同位資訊。步驟240處，一編碼器會藉由加入複數個外部同位區塊214來對已經編碼的中間封包矩陣205進行編碼，用以產生一長度為16個區塊的外部碼區塊213。該編碼器會從每個區塊的每行中取出8位元資料，用以產生最後資料210。里德-所羅門(RS)編碼器可對該最後資料210進行編碼，用以取得四列的冗餘或同位資訊212。同位資訊212可用來產生複數個外部同位區塊214，該等區塊可附加至該EP矩陣205，用以產生16區塊的外部碼區塊213。The encoder uses the EP to generate redundant or parity information. At step 240, an encoder encodes the encoded intermediate packet matrix 205 by adding a plurality of external co-located blocks 214 to generate an outer code block 213 having a length of 16 blocks. The encoder extracts 8-bit data from each row of each block to produce the final data 210. The Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder can encode the final data 210 to obtain four columns of redundancy or parity information 212. The parity information 212 can be used to generate a plurality of external co-located blocks 214 that can be appended to the EP matrix 205 for generating 16-block outer code blocks 213.

圖12B為上面所討論之範例中於空中被傳輸的資訊範例。步驟260中，於EP 205的每列中加入含有序號的額外附加資料之後，便可以複數個協定資料單元(PDU)214的方式於空中來傳輸該16區塊的外部碼區塊213。並不會在該下行 連結中被發送的該等協定資料單元(PDU)214中來傳輸全部或整個編碼器封包(EP)213。更確切地說，該等協定資料單元(PDU)包含該編碼器封包(EP)213的資訊位元201-204以及長度指示符號(LI)206。因為編碼器封包(EP)213列大小固定，而且接收器處知道該大小值，所以，並不需要於空中實際傳輸填補資訊208。因為該等填補值為已知，所以並不需要傳輸該填補資訊208，因此填補資訊208並未於下行連結上被傳輸。舉例來說，若可利用一已知位元序列(例如全部為0、全部為1、或是由0與1組成的交錯圖案)來組成該填補資訊的話，該接收器便可將該等協定資料單元(PDU)214填補至標稱的編碼器封包(EP)213列長度。所以，於傳輸期間，並非選擇PDU大小等於EP列大小，取而代之的係，運用攜載全部資訊位元201-204及重組附加資料(LI)206的最小可用EP大小。Figure 12B is an example of information transmitted over the air in the example discussed above. In step 260, after adding additional additional data containing the sequence number to each column of the EP 205, the 16-block outer code block 213 can be transmitted over the air in a plurality of protocol data units (PDUs) 214. Will not be on the downside All or all of the Encoder Packets (EP) 213 are transmitted in the Protocol Data Units (PDUs) 214 that are transmitted in the links. More specifically, the protocol data units (PDUs) contain information bits 201-204 and length indicator symbols (LI) 206 of the encoder packet (EP) 213. Since the Encoder Packet (EP) 213 column size is fixed and the size value is known at the receiver, there is no need to actually transmit the padding information 208 over the air. Since the padding values are known, there is no need to transmit the padding information 208, so the padding information 208 is not transmitted on the downstream link. For example, if a known sequence of bits (e.g., all 0, all 1, or an interlaced pattern of 0 and 1) can be utilized to compose the padding information, the receiver can associate the bits. The data unit (PDU) 214 is padded to the nominal encoder packet (EP) 213 column length. Therefore, during transmission, instead of selecting the PDU size equal to the EP column size, instead, the minimum available EP size carrying all of the information bits 201-204 and the Reassembly Attachment (LI) 206 is utilized.

雖然該編碼器矩陣列大小為固定，不過，卻可於每次傳輸中從一既定集中選出該FEC PDU大小，致使每一者皆可包含單一編碼器矩陣列的全部資訊部份(填補資訊可排除)。當接收一小於該編碼器矩陣列大小的PDU時，UE便可利用已知的位元序列來填補至該編碼器矩陣列的大小為止。如此便可維持固定的內部區塊大小，而不必增加空中介面的負載。因此，利用固定列大小編碼器封包(EP)213，於開始傳輸協定資料單元(PDU)以前便不需要等待接收到全部可用的資料，而且也不需要發送填補資訊。Although the encoder matrix column size is fixed, the FEC PDU size can be selected from a predetermined set in each transmission, so that each can include all the information parts of a single encoder matrix column (filling information can be exclude). When receiving a PDU smaller than the size of the encoder matrix column, the UE can fill the size of the encoder matrix column with a known sequence of bits. This maintains a fixed internal block size without having to increase the load on the empty media plane. Therefore, with fixed column size encoder packet (EP) 213, there is no need to wait for all available data to be received before starting to transmit a protocol data unit (PDU), and there is no need to send padding information.

若設計上面的演算法來處理可變速率傳輸的話，那麼便 可使用速率同等化架構，其中全部的編碼器封包矩陣列皆具有恆定的大小。當填補資訊構成部份PDU時便可使用較小型的PDU。該填補資訊可能係由一特定位元序列所構成，並且可能係位於資料的每個結束位置處。於接收器處，可藉由於結束位置處附加填補資訊，用以將接收自下方層的區塊的大小同等化成基線大小。If you design the above algorithm to handle variable rate transmission, then A rate equalization architecture can be used in which all of the encoder packet matrix columns have a constant size. A smaller PDU can be used when filling the information to form part of the PDU. The padding information may consist of a specific sequence of bits and may be located at each end of the material. At the receiver, the size of the block received from the lower layer can be equalized to the baseline size by adding padding information at the end position.

若可利用預設的位元序列作為填補資訊的話，便不會於空中傳輸此填補資訊。除非接收器需要執行外部解碼，否則該接收器便不必知道實際的編碼器封包列大小。基本SDU重組並不需要知道一PDU之結束位置處之填補資訊的數量。若已經接收到含有源自前面k列編碼器封包(EP)列之資訊的全部PDU的話，那麼便不必實施外部解碼。相反地，若含有源自前面k列編碼器封包(EP)列之資訊的至少一個PDU遺失的話，那麼便會需要含有源自一同位列之資料的該等PDU中至少其中一個。因為同位列通常不會進行填補，所以，可利用其大小作為實際編碼器封包大小的假設參考值。If the preset bit sequence can be used as the filling information, the padding information will not be transmitted over the air. Unless the receiver needs to perform external decoding, the receiver does not have to know the actual encoder packet column size. Basic SDU reassembly does not require knowledge of the amount of padding information at the end of a PDU. If all the PDUs containing information from the previous k-column Encoder Packet (EP) column have been received, then no external decoding is necessary. Conversely, if at least one PDU containing information from the previous k-column encoder packet (EP) column is lost, then at least one of the PDUs containing the data from the co-located column would be required. Because the co-located column is usually not padded, its size can be used as a hypothetical reference for the actual encoder packet size.

可變列大小編碼器封包(EP)Variable Column Size Encoder Packet (EP)

圖13為用以產生一具有可變列大小的外部碼區塊313的編碼過程。Figure 13 is an encoding process for generating an outer code block 313 having a variable column size.

本發明的此項觀點係關於在空中介面上被傳輸之資料的彈性外部區塊編碼。此編碼過程僅會傳輸少量的填補資訊，所以訊框填補效率會提高。該等編碼器封包(EP)305列可能係可變的大小，而且可針對每個傳輸時間區間(TTI)來 發送不同大小的外部區塊。較佳的係，編碼器封包(EP)305的列大小可改變，致使該等SDU可確實地置入編碼器封包(EP)矩陣305的列數(例如12列)之中。於此具體實施例中，該FEC層於建構該EP之前必須等待所有的資料皆已經可用為止，因此，該FEC層可決定最佳的列大小。可以可用資料的數量為基礎，從數個不同大小中選出該列大小，以便限制填補資訊。該編碼器封包(EP)的列大小可能會連結到為S-CCPCH所配置的PDU大小集。視需要產生該編碼器封包305時可用資料的數量而定，可以選出會造成最少填補資訊的列大小。縮小外部區塊313的大小以使得每個訊框中的區塊大小變小，那麼便可於較低的傳輸速率處來發送資料，因為於相同TTI持續時間中被發送的資料已經變少。利用編碼器封包(EP)305的可變列大小有助於穩定編碼器封包(EP)的全部傳輸中的功率需求，並且還可運用較少的同位附加資料314。此具體實施例適用於WCDMA系統中進行點對多點(PTM)傳輸，該系統中的基本無線協定允許於每個傳輸時間區間(TTI)中被發送的傳輸區塊的大小有所不同。This aspect of the invention relates to elastic outer block coding of data transmitted over an empty interfacing plane. This encoding process only transmits a small amount of padding information, so the frame filling efficiency will increase. These Encoder Packet (EP) 305 columns may be of variable size and may be for each Transmission Time Interval (TTI) Send external blocks of different sizes. Preferably, the column size of the Encoder Packet (EP) 305 can be changed such that the SDUs can be reliably placed into the number of columns (e.g., 12 columns) of the Encoder Packet (EP) matrix 305. In this embodiment, the FEC layer must wait for all data to be available before constructing the EP. Therefore, the FEC layer can determine the optimal column size. The column size can be selected from a number of different sizes based on the amount of data available to limit the filling of information. The column size of the Encoder Packet (EP) may be linked to the PDU size set configured for the S-CCPCH. Depending on the amount of data available when the encoder packet 305 is generated, the column size that would result in the least amount of padding information can be selected. By reducing the size of the outer block 313 so that the block size in each frame becomes smaller, the data can be transmitted at a lower transmission rate because the data transmitted in the same TTI duration has become less. Utilizing the variable column size of Encoder Packet (EP) 305 helps stabilize the power requirements in the overall transmission of the Encoder Packet (EP), and can also utilize fewer co-located additional material 314. This embodiment is applicable to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions in WCDMA systems where the basic radio protocol allows for different sizes of transmission blocks to be transmitted in each transmission time interval (TTI).

步驟320中，可以分割且串接複數個服務資料單元(SDU)201-204，用以產生一編碼器封包(EP)矩陣305，其中可利用長度指示符號(LI)206指到該等服務資料單元(SDU)201-204的結束位置。長度指示符號(LI)可內含於終止每個服務資料單元(SDU)的最後一列中。In step 320, a plurality of service data units (SDUs) 201-204 may be partitioned and concatenated to generate an encoder packet (EP) matrix 305, wherein the service information may be indicated by a length indicator (LI) 206. The end position of the unit (SDU) 201-204. The length indicator (LI) can be included in the last column of each service data unit (SDU).

步驟330，可從每個資料區塊中取出8位元資料，以行作為基礎來產生冗餘或同位資訊，並且可將最後資料310送至 一里德-所羅門(RS)編碼器，用以取得同位資訊312。因為編碼器封包(EP)矩陣305的列數比較少，所以，可以產生比較少的冗餘資訊。Step 330, extracting 8-bit data from each data block, generating redundancy or parity information based on the line, and sending the last data 310 to A Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder for obtaining the co-located information 312. Since the encoder packet (EP) matrix 305 has a relatively small number of columns, less redundant information can be generated.

步驟340中會繼續進行編碼，因為該同位資訊312會被用來產生複數個外部同位區塊314，該等外部同位區塊314可被附加至十二區塊的編碼器封包(EP)矩陣305之中，從而於本範例中產生一長度為16個區塊的外部碼區塊。此具體實施例可避免進行填補資訊傳輸，進而改良傳輸效率，因為整個外部碼區塊313都係被SDU、長度指示符號(LI)206、及/或冗餘資訊314佔據。於此特定範例中，並不需要任何的填補資訊。不過，應該瞭解的係，於部份情況中，因為將會限制該PDU之組態大小的數量，所以可能會需要部份的填補資訊，不過填補資訊的數量相當小。如此便可促成更大的訊框填補效率，並且還可於整個編碼器封包(EP)中維持更恆定的功率。此為運用功率控制架構的CDMA系統所樂見的。Encoding continues in step 340 because the co-located information 312 is used to generate a plurality of external co-located blocks 314 that may be appended to the twelve-block encoder packet (EP) matrix 305. Thus, an outer code block of length 16 blocks is generated in this example. This embodiment avoids padding information transmission, thereby improving transmission efficiency because the entire outer code block 313 is occupied by SDUs, length indicator symbols (LI) 206, and/or redundant information 314. In this particular example, no padding information is required. However, it should be understood that in some cases, because the number of configuration sizes of the PDU will be limited, some of the information may be required to be filled, but the amount of information to be filled is rather small. This results in greater frame fill efficiency and maintains more constant power throughout the encoder package (EP). This is what the CDMA system using the power control architecture is happy with.

雖然圖中未顯示，不過，於空中傳輸PDU的方式和上面參考圖12之步驟260所討論者相同。Although not shown in the figures, the manner in which PDUs are transmitted over the air is the same as discussed above with reference to step 260 of FIG.

圖11為為於該無線電連結控制(RLC)層上方之外部編碼或前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層400的具體實施例，其具有一RLC未確認模式(UM)+實體(RLC UM+)。一般來說，無線電連結控制(RLC)會為更高層提供分框處理。此處，係由位於無線電連結控制(RLC)上方的FEC層來實施分框處理。11 is a specific embodiment of an outer coding or forward error correction (FEC) layer 400 over the radio link control (RLC) layer having an RLC unacknowledged mode (UM) + entity (RLC UM+). In general, Radio Link Control (RLC) provides framed processing for higher layers. Here, the frame processing is performed by the FEC layer located above the Radio Link Control (RLC).

該外部編碼層400包含一傳輸前向式錯誤修正(FEC)實體 410，其可透過複數個邏輯頻道406於無線電介面(Uu)404上和一接收前向式錯誤修正(FEC)實體430進行通信。The outer coding layer 400 includes a transmission forward error correction (FEC) entity 410, which can communicate over a radio interface (Uu) 404 with a receive forward error correction (FEC) entity 430 via a plurality of logical channels 406.

再排序/副本偵測Reorder/copy detection

圖15為讓行動台10利用不同邏輯串間的時間補償來延遲解碼的再排序協定或演算法示意圖。Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a reordering protocol or algorithm for the mobile station 10 to delay decoding using time compensation between different logical strings.

接收前向式錯誤修正(FEC)實體430會使用序號來決定一特定PDU於該EP矩陣內的位置。舉例來說，一部份的序號(PSN)可辨識該PDU於該編碼器封包(EP)中的位置。The Receive Forward Error Correction (FEC) entity 430 uses the sequence number to determine the location of a particular PDU within the EP matrix. For example, a part of the sequence number (PSN) can identify the location of the PDU in the encoder packet (EP).

此演算法假設，至多源自兩個編碼器封包(EP)的資料會於開始進行解碼以前被接收到。於下文的說明中，編碼器封包(EPd)係欲依序進行解碼的下一個編碼器封包(EP)，而編碼器封包(EPb)則係正在進行緩衝的編碼器封包(EP)。編碼器封包(EPb)係跟隨在編碼器封包(EPd)後面。需要全部編碼器封包傳輸時間來實施RS解碼的UE設計方式將會需要實施雙重緩衝，以便能夠解碼複數個連續封包。所以，該UE會儲存該編碼器矩陣最大列中至少n+k列，k與n分別為資訊列的數量以及含有同位資訊在內的總列數。具有較快速解碼引擎的UE便可降低此規定，不過，不能低於n+1。舉例來說，若該UE的特定緩衝器空間數量(XtraBffr)超出依據其解碼能力來接收連續封包所需要的數量，而且若假設有一64 kbps的資料串，那麼若要將解碼延遲100 ms而不增加計算需求的話，便需要增加800個位元組的緩衝器大小。This algorithm assumes that at most the data from two Encoder Packets (EPs) will be received before the decoding begins. In the following description, the Encoder Packet (EPd) is the next Encoder Packet (EP) to be decoded sequentially, and the Encoder Packet (EPb) is the Encoder Encapsulation (EP) that is buffering. The Encoder Packet (EPb) follows the Encoder Packet (EPd). A UE design approach that requires all encoder packet transmission time to implement RS decoding would require double buffering in order to be able to decode a plurality of consecutive packets. Therefore, the UE stores at least n+k columns in the largest column of the encoder matrix, and k and n are the number of information columns and the total number of columns including the parity information, respectively. A UE with a faster decoding engine can lower this rule, but it cannot be lower than n+1. For example, if the UE's specific buffer space (XtraBffr) exceeds the number required to receive consecutive packets according to its decoding capability, and if a 64 kbps data string is assumed, then the decoding is delayed by 100 ms. To increase the computational requirements, you need to increase the buffer size of 800 bytes.

步驟1410處會判斷是否收到一新的前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)。若未收到一新的前向式錯誤修 正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)的話，該程序便會於步驟1410處重新開始。若有收到一新的前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)的話，那麼便會於步驟1420處判斷該新的前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)是否屬於欲依序進行解碼的下一個編碼器封包(EPd)。At step 1410, it is determined whether a new Forward Error Correction (FEC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) has been received. If you have not received a new forward error correction If the (FEC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is in progress, the program will restart at step 1410. If a new forward error correction (FEC) protocol data unit (PDU) is received, then at step 1420 it is determined if the new forward error correction (FEC) protocol data unit (PDU) belongs. The next encoder packet (EPd) to be decoded in sequence.

若該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)不屬於欲依序進行解碼的下一個編碼器封包(EP)的話，那麼便會於步驟1421處判斷該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)是否屬於欲被緩衝的編碼器封包(EPb)。若該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)不屬於欲被緩衝的編碼器封包(EPb)的話，那麼便會於步驟1440處丟棄該協定資料單元(PDU)。若該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)屬於欲被緩衝的編碼器封包(EPb)的話，那麼於步驟1423處，便會於相關位置中將該協定資料單元(PDU)加入至EPb的緩衝器之中。步驟1425處會判斷EPb的資料量是否超過XtraBffr。若於步驟1426處判斷出EPb的資料量未超過XtraBffr的話，該程序便會於步驟1410處重新開始。若EPb的資料量超過XtraBffr的話，那麼於步驟1428處，該傳輸實體便會試圖從EPd傳送完整的SDU。接著於步驟1430處，便可從該緩衝器中強行逐出其餘的EPd，並且於步驟1434處將EPb設為EPd。If the forward error correction (FEC) protocol data unit (PDU) does not belong to the next encoder packet (EP) to be sequentially decoded, then the forward error correction (FEC) is determined at step 1421. Whether the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belongs to the Encoder Packet (EPb) to be buffered. If the forward error correction (FEC) protocol data unit (PDU) does not belong to the encoder packet (EPb) to be buffered, then the protocol data unit (PDU) is discarded at step 1440. If the forward error correction (FEC) protocol data unit (PDU) belongs to the encoder packet (EPb) to be buffered, then at step 1423, the protocol data unit (PDU) is added in the relevant location. Into the buffer of EPb. At step 1425, it is determined whether the amount of data of the EPb exceeds XtraBffr. If it is determined in step 1426 that the data amount of EPb does not exceed XtraBffr, the program will restart at step 1410. If the amount of data for the EPb exceeds XtraBffr, then at step 1428, the transmitting entity will attempt to transmit the complete SDU from the EPd. Next at step 1430, the remaining EPd can be forcibly evicted from the buffer and EPb is set to EPd at step 1434.

若於步驟1420處判斷出該前向式錯誤修正(FEC)協定資料單元(PDU)屬於EPd的話，那麼於步驟1422處，便可於相關位置中將該協定資料單元(PDU)加入至EPd的緩衝器之 中。方塊1424處可以判斷該緩衝器是否具有EPd的k個個別PDU。若該緩衝器未具有EPd的k個個別PDU的話，那麼於步驟1426處，該程序便會於步驟1410處重新開始。若該緩衝器具有EPd的k個個別PDU的話，那麼於步驟1427處，該解碼器便會為EPd實施外部解碼，然後於步驟1428處，該傳輸實體便會試圖從EPd傳送完整的SDU。接著於步驟1430處，便可從該緩衝器中強行逐出其餘的EPd，並且於步驟1434處將EPb設為EPd。If it is determined in step 1420 that the forward error correction (FEC) protocol data unit (PDU) belongs to the EPd, then at step 1422, the protocol data unit (PDU) can be added to the EPd in the relevant location. Buffer in. At block 1424, it can be determined if the buffer has k individual PDUs of EPd. If the buffer does not have k individual PDUs for EPd, then at step 1426, the program will resume at step 1410. If the buffer has k individual PDUs for EPd, then at step 1427 the decoder will perform external decoding for the EPd, and then at step 1428, the transmitting entity will attempt to transmit the complete SDU from the EPd. Next at step 1430, the remaining EPd can be forcibly evicted from the buffer and EPb is set to EPd at step 1434.

圖16為當某一行動台於從小區A 98接收一點對多點(PTM)傳輸及從小區B 99接收一點對多點(PTM)傳輸間移轉時被該行動台接收到之外部碼區塊間的時間關係圖。Grilli等人於2002年8月21日提出的美國專利申請案第US-2004-0037245-A1號及第US-2004-0037246-A1號，以及Willenegger等人於2002年5月6日提出的美國專利申請案第US-2003-0207696-A1號中便有進一步討論圖16的部份觀點，本文以引用的方式將其全部併入。16 is an external code region received by a mobile station when it receives a point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission from cell A 98 and a point-to-multipoint (PTM) inter-transmission from cell B 99. A time diagram between blocks. U.S. Patent Application Nos. US-2004-0037245-A1 and US-2004-0037246-A1, filed on Aug. 21, 2002, and U.S. Pat. A partial discussion of Figure 16 is further discussed in the patent application Serial No. US-2003-0207696-A1, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

圖中的情況假設特定的UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)20以及使用者設備(UE)10規定。舉例來說，若UTRAN 20於複數個小區中利用相同的外部區塊編碼來發送內容的話，那麼相鄰小區中攜載相同資料或酬載的區塊便應該使用相同的編號。傳輸相同編號的外部區塊時必須進行非常精確的時間校準。跨越該等小區進行PTM傳輸的最大對齊偏差係受控於該無線電網路控制器(RNC)24。UTRAN 20會控制跨越小區所進行之點對多點(PTM)上的延 遲抖動。該UE 10應該能夠於接收下個外部區塊時，同時解碼一外部區塊。所以，該UE中的緩衝器空間較佳的係應該可容納至少兩個外部區塊95A-95C，因為需要一外部區塊的記憶體來累積目前的外部區塊。若於里德-所羅門(RS)解碼期間有該等外部區塊的話，那麼記憶體還應該能夠累積「複數列」的內部區塊，並且補償跨越複數部基地台22的時間對齊中的不精確度。The situation in the figure assumes that a particular UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 20 and User Equipment (UE) 10 are specified. For example, if the UTRAN 20 uses the same external block coding to transmit content in a plurality of cells, then the blocks carrying the same data or payloads in the neighboring cells should use the same number. A very accurate time calibration must be performed when transferring the same number of external blocks. The maximum alignment deviation for PTM transmission across the cells is controlled by the Radio Network Controller (RNC) 24. UTRAN 20 controls the delay on point-to-multipoint (PTM) across the cell Delayed jitter. The UE 10 should be able to decode an external block simultaneously while receiving the next external block. Therefore, the buffer space in the UE should preferably accommodate at least two external blocks 95A-95C because the memory of an external block is required to accumulate the current outer block. If there are such external blocks during Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding, then the memory should also be able to accumulate the internal blocks of the "complex column" and compensate for inaccuracies in the time alignment across the complex base station 22. degree.

小區A 98中，於傳輸外部區塊n 95A期間，於傳輸該第二內部多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊期間會發生移轉。箭頭96的斜率(其圖解的係使用者設備(UE)10從小區A 98移轉至小區B 99)係非水平，因為於移轉期間會流逝部份時間。於該使用者設備(UE)10抵達小區B 99的前一刻正在傳輸多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載資料的第五區塊。就此而言，該使用者設備(UE)10會因為該等個別傳輸之時間對齊偏差以及該移轉期間時間流逝的關係而遺失第二至第四區塊。若於小區B 99中接收到足夠區塊的話，那麼該外部區塊n 95A便不必進行解碼，因為可以利用該等同位區塊來重建該等已遺失的區塊。In cell A 98, during the transmission of the outer block n 95A, the transfer occurs during the transmission of the second internal multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload block. The slope of arrow 96 (which illustrates the transfer of user equipment (UE) 10 from cell A 98 to cell B 99) is non-level because part of the time will elapse during the transfer. The fifth block of multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload data is being transmitted immediately before the user equipment (UE) 10 arrives at the cell B 99. In this regard, the user equipment (UE) 10 may lose the second to fourth blocks due to the time alignment deviation of the individual transmissions and the relationship of the time during the transition. If sufficient blocks are received in cell B 99, then the outer block n 95A does not have to be decoded because the equivalent blocks can be utilized to reconstruct the lost blocks.

稍後，於傳輸外部區塊n+2 95C期間，該使用者設備(UE)10會經歷從小區B 99至小區A 98的另一次移轉，該次移轉係發生在外部區塊n+2 95C之第五個內部多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊處。於此情形中，會於移轉期間遺失較少的內部區塊，而且仍然可以還原該等外部區塊。Later, during the transmission of the outer block n+2 95C, the user equipment (UE) 10 will undergo another transfer from cell B 99 to cell A 98, which occurs in the outer block n+ 2 95C's fifth internal multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload block. In this case, fewer internal blocks are lost during the transfer and the external blocks can still be restored.

使用外部碼區塊可幫助降低發生任何服務中斷的可能性。為確保可進行錯誤還原，應該於相同的傳輸路徑上發送該等相同的區塊，其意謂著每條傳輸路徑中應該以相同的方式來建構該等同位區塊。(因為其為廣播傳輸，所以每條路徑中的多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊必須相同。)於上方應用層80處實施前向式錯誤修正(FEC)有助於確保每條傳輸路徑中的同位區塊都會相同，因為該編碼係在前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層157中來進行，所以，每個外部區塊的編碼方式皆相同。相反地，若於下方層(舉例來說，個別的無線電連結控制(RLC)實體152)中進行編碼的話，那麼便必須進行特定的協調作業，因為，每條傳輸路徑中的該等同位區塊並不相同。Using external code blocks can help reduce the likelihood of any service interruption. To ensure that error recovery is possible, the same blocks should be sent on the same transmission path, which means that the equivalent block should be constructed in the same way in each transmission path. (Because it is a broadcast transmission, the Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) payload blocks in each path must be the same.) Implementing Forward Error Correction (FEC) at the upper application layer 80 helps ensure that each The co-located blocks in the strip transmission path will be the same because the encoding is performed in the forward error correction (FEC) layer 157, so each outer block is encoded in the same manner. Conversely, if encoding is performed in the lower layer (for example, an individual Radio Link Control (RLC) entity 152), then a specific coordination operation must be performed because the equivalent bit block in each transmission path Not the same.

點對多點(PTM)移轉至點對點(PTP)Point-to-multipoint (PTM) migration to point-to-point (PTP)

圖17為當某一行動台10於點對多點(PTM)傳輸及點對點(PTP)傳輸間移轉時所接收到之外部碼區塊間的時間關係圖。舉例來說，圖17中所示的架構可套用於使用點對點(PTP)傳輸的系統(例如WCDMA與GSM系統)中。Figure 17 is a timing diagram of external code blocks received when a mobile station 10 moves between point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions and point-to-point (PTP) transmissions. For example, the architecture shown in Figure 17 can be used in systems that use point-to-point (PTP) transmission (eg, WCDMA and GSM systems).

本發明的其中一項觀點係關於前向式錯誤修正，其方式係於PTM傳輸期間將同位資訊或區塊加入至內部MBMS「酬載」或資料區塊中。於一PTM傳輸中被傳輸的每個外部碼區塊皆包括至少一內部酬載區塊及至少一內部同位區塊。外部碼區塊的錯誤修正能力可於移轉(例如當該UE從一小區移至另一小區；或是於相同的服務小區中，MBMS內容的傳送從PTM連接改變成PTP連接，或是反向改變)期 間大幅地減低且趨向於沒有任何MBMS內容或「酬載」遺失。One aspect of the present invention relates to forward error correction by adding co-located information or blocks to an internal MBMS "payload" or data block during PTM transmission. Each outer code block transmitted in a PTM transmission includes at least one internal payload block and at least one internal parity block. The error correction capability of the outer code block can be transferred (for example, when the UE moves from one cell to another; or in the same serving cell, the transmission of MBMS content is changed from PTM connection to PTP connection, or vice versa) Change period The situation has been greatly reduced and there is no loss of any MBMS content or "paid".

如上述，一特定小區可利用PTP或PTM傳輸架構傳輸至一用戶台10。舉例來說，於一PTM傳輸模式中正常傳輸一廣播服務的小區可於該項服務對該小區的需求低於特定臨界值以下時選擇建立一專屬頻道，並且於PTP模式中進行傳輸(僅傳輸給一特定的用戶台10)。同樣地，於一專屬頻道(PTP)上傳輸內容給個別用戶台的小區亦可決定於一共同頻道上將該內容廣播給多位使用者。此外，一特定小區可於PTP傳輸模式中來傳輸內容，而另一小區則可於PTM傳輸模式中來傳輸相同的內容。當該行動台10從一小區移至另一小區，或是當某一小區內之用戶數改變而促使傳輸架構從PTP改變成PTM或反向改變時，便會發生移轉。As mentioned above, a particular cell can be transmitted to a subscriber station 10 using a PTP or PTM transmission architecture. For example, a cell that normally transmits a broadcast service in a PTM transmission mode may choose to establish a dedicated channel when the service's demand for the cell is below a certain threshold, and transmit in the PTP mode (transmission only) Give a specific subscriber station 10). Similarly, a cell that transmits content to an individual subscriber station on a dedicated channel (PTP) may also decide to broadcast the content to multiple users on a common channel. In addition, one specific cell can transmit content in the PTP transmission mode, and another cell can transmit the same content in the PTM transmission mode. Shifting occurs when the mobile station 10 moves from one cell to another, or when the number of users in a cell changes to cause the transport architecture to change from PTP to PTM or vice versa.

於外部區塊n 95A的點對多點(PTM)傳輸期間，於傳輸該第四個內部多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊期間會發生移轉。箭頭101的斜率(其圖解的係使用者設備(UE)從點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉至點對點(PTP)傳輸)係非水平，因為於移轉期間會流逝部份時間。當從PTM 101移轉至PTP時，會約略保持相同的空中位元速率。點對點(PTP)傳輸的位元錯誤率通常少於百分之一(舉例來說，傳輸期間，每100個酬載區塊中僅會有一個以下的錯誤)。相反地，點對多點(PTM)傳輸的位元錯誤率則可能比較高。舉例來說，於其中一具體實施例中，基地台會每16個傳輸時間區間(TTI)便產生一外部區塊，而且其中十二個TTI會被酬載區塊佔據且四個TTI會被同位區塊佔據。可容忍的最 大區塊錯誤數量應該為16(12個基本區塊+4個同位區塊)分之4的內部區塊。就此而言，最大可耐受區塊錯誤率便係1/4。During the point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of the outer block n 95A, the transfer occurs during the transmission of the fourth internal multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload block. The slope of arrow 101 (illustrated by the user equipment (UE) moving from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission to point-to-point (PTP) transmission) is non-horizontal because part of the time elapses during the transition. When moving from PTM 101 to PTP, the same air bit rate is approximately maintained. The bit error rate for point-to-point (PTP) transmissions is typically less than one percent (for example, there will be only one or less errors per 100 payload blocks during transmission). Conversely, the bit error rate for point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions may be higher. For example, in one embodiment, the base station generates an outer block every 16 transmission time intervals (TTIs), and twelve of the TTIs are occupied by the payload blocks and four TTIs are The same block is occupied. Most tolerable The number of large block errors should be 4 (12 basic blocks + 4 co-located blocks) divided into 4 internal blocks. In this regard, the maximum tolerable block error rate is 1/4.

當該行動台從點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉101至點對點(PTP)傳輸時，便可能會遺失部份的內部區塊。假設點對多點(PTM)傳輸與點對點(PTP)傳輸於實體層(L1)具有約略相同的位元速率，那麼，PTP傳輸將會允許該等MBMS酬載區塊被發送的速度快於PTM傳輸，因為平均來說，被再傳輸之區塊的百分率通常會低於同位區塊的百分率。換言之，點對點(PTP)傳輸通常會遠快過點對多點(PTM)傳輸，因為統計而言，同位區塊的數量會遠大於無線電連結控制(RLC)傳輸(Re-Tx)的數量。因為從點對多點(PTM)傳輸移轉101至點對點(PTP)傳輸通常係非常快，所以當使用者設備(UE)10移轉101至點對點(PTP)傳輸時，會正在傳輸多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載資料的第一區塊。就此而言，個別傳輸的時間對齊偏差以及該移轉101期間的時間流逝皆不會造成任何區塊遺失。所以，當從點對多點(PTM)傳輸移至點對點(PTP)傳輸時，一旦於該目標小區上建立該PTP連結之後，只要從目前的外部區塊起始處重新開始便可建構出已遺失的酬載區塊。藉由從同一外部區塊之起始處(也就是，利用第一個內部區塊)開始進行PTP傳輸便可補償該網路。接著該網路便可還原該移轉因完整外部區塊之較快速傳送而造成的延遲。減低移轉期間的資料遺失情形便可減低因此等移轉而造成MBMS內容傳送中斷的情形。When the mobile station moves from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission 101 to point-to-point (PTP) transmission, some of the internal blocks may be lost. Assuming that point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions and point-to-point (PTP) transmissions have approximately the same bit rate at the physical layer (L1), then PTP transmissions will allow the MBMS payload blocks to be sent faster than PTM. Transmission, because on average, the percentage of blocks that are retransmitted is usually lower than the percentage of parity blocks. In other words, point-to-point (PTP) transmissions are typically far faster than point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions because, statistically, the number of co-located blocks is much larger than the number of Radio Link Control (RLC) transmissions (Re-Tx). Because point-to-multipoint (PTM) transport transfer 101 to point-to-point (PTP) transmission is typically very fast, multimedia broadcasts are being transmitted when user equipment (UE) 10 moves 101 to point-to-point (PTP) transmissions. The first block of the Multicast Service (MBMS) payload data. In this regard, the time alignment deviation of individual transmissions and the passage of time during the transition 101 will not cause any blocks to be lost. Therefore, when moving from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission to point-to-point (PTP) transmission, once the PTP connection is established on the target cell, it can be constructed by restarting from the beginning of the current external block. Lost payload block. The network can be compensated for by starting PTP transmission from the beginning of the same external block (ie, using the first internal block). The network can then restore the delay caused by the faster transfer of the complete external block. Reducing the data loss during the transfer period can reduce the situation in which the MBMS content transmission is interrupted due to the transfer.

稍後，於進行外部區塊n+2的PTP傳輸期間，使用者設備(UE)10係正在進行移轉至點對多點(PTM)傳輸模式的另一 次移轉103。圖12中，從點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉103至點對多點(PTM)傳輸係發生在外部區塊n+2的最後一個內部多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊處。於此情形中，外部區塊n+2中，除了最後一個內部區塊之外，大部份的內部多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊都已經被傳輸。於無法使用回授的情形中通常都會使用FEC。因為PTP傳輸會使用專屬頻道，反向連結上具有回授功能，因此使用FEC並無好處。為最小化或消除交錯移轉時的資料遺失情形，UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)20較佳的係依賴PTP傳輸中之RLC已確認模式(AM)的低殘留區塊錯誤率，用以還原於移轉至PTM傳輸期間可能會遺失的所有內部區塊。換言之，可利用正常的層2再傳輸來再傳輸於原來傳輸中有偵測到錯誤的任何封包。因此，如圖17所示，PTP傳輸中並不需要同位區塊。不過，若點對點(PTP)傳輸期間於該等酬載區塊中出現錯誤的話，則仍然會解碼該外部區塊，因為該無線電連結控制(RLC)層將會要求再傳輸任何有誤的區塊。也就是，當於PTP傳輸期間出現錯誤時，該行動台10可能會要求再傳輸(re-Tx)；或是當所有區塊皆正確時，則不會進行任何再傳輸，並且可運用傳輸格式零(TF0)。外部編碼較佳的係於該協定堆疊的層2中完成，致使每個內部區塊97的大小皆可確實地置入一傳輸時間區間(TTI)之中，因為如此便能提高編碼效率。Later, during the PTP transmission of the outer block n+2, the user equipment (UE) 10 is undergoing another transfer to the point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode. Transfer 103 times. In Figure 12, point-to-point (PTP) transport transfer 103 to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission occurs at the last internal multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload block of outer block n+2. In this case, in the outer block n+2, except for the last internal block, most of the internal multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload blocks have been transmitted. FEC is usually used in situations where feedback cannot be used. Because PTP transmissions use proprietary channels and feedback functions are available on the reverse link, there is no benefit to using FEC. In order to minimize or eliminate data loss situations during interleaving, the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 20 preferably relies on the low residual block error rate of the RLC acknowledged mode (AM) in PTP transmission. To restore all internal blocks that may be lost during the transfer to PTM transmission. In other words, normal layer 2 retransmission can be used to retransmit any packets that have detected errors in the original transmission. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17, the parity block is not required in the PTP transmission. However, if an error occurs in the payload block during a point-to-point (PTP) transmission, the external block will still be decoded because the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer will request any further errors. . That is, when an error occurs during PTP transmission, the mobile station 10 may request retransmission (re-Tx); or when all the blocks are correct, no retransmission will be performed and the transmission format may be used. Zero (TF0). Preferably, the outer coding is done in layer 2 of the protocol stack, so that the size of each inner block 97 can be reliably placed in a transmission time interval (TTI), since the coding efficiency can be improved.

若前向式錯誤修正(FEC)外部編碼係於該協定堆疊的較高層(例如應用層)中完成的話，那麼不論係何種傳輸架構 (點對點(PTP)或點對多點(PTM))，皆會發送同位區塊。因此，同位區塊也會被附加至點對點(PTP)傳輸中。If the forward error correction (FEC) outer code is done in a higher layer (eg, application layer) of the protocol stack, then regardless of the transport architecture (Peer-to-Peer (PTP) or Point-to-Multipoint (PTM)) will send co-located blocks. Therefore, the parity block is also attached to the point-to-point (PTP) transmission.

如上述，於PTP傳輸中，未必要使用同位區塊，因為可以利用更有效的再傳輸架構來取代前向式錯誤修正。因為於PTP傳輸中以不傳輸同位區塊為宜，所以若假設空中的位元速率相同的話，那麼傳送一個完整的外部區塊平均上便會快過PTM。如此便可讓該UE補償因點對多點(PTM)移轉至點對點(PTP)所造成的中斷情形，因為PTP傳輸可能會領先PTM傳輸。該使用者設備(UE)可藉由下面的資料來正確地還原該外部區塊：(1)於點對點(PTP)傳輸中所收到的內部區塊，於新小區中或經過轉移之後所收到的內部區塊，(2)於點對多點(PTM)傳輸中所收到的內部區塊，於舊小區中或經過轉移之前所收到的內部區塊。該使用者設備(UE)可結合隸屬於同一外部區塊之轉移前所收到之內部區塊以及轉移後所收到之內部區塊。舉例來說，使用者設備(UE)10可結合透過點對點(PTP)傳輸所收到之外部區塊n+2中的內部多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊以及透過點對多點(PTM)傳輸所收到之外部區塊n+2中的內部多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)酬載區塊以及同位區塊。UMTS陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)20可利用欲被送給從PTP連結中來接收MBMS內容之所有使用者的外部區塊傳輸稍微「領先」PTM連結上的傳輸來幫助此方法的進行。As mentioned above, in PTP transmissions, it is not necessary to use co-located blocks because a more efficient retransmission architecture can be used instead of forward error correction. Since it is better to not transmit the co-located block in the PTP transmission, if the bit rate in the air is assumed to be the same, then transmitting a complete external block will average faster than the PTM. This allows the UE to compensate for outages caused by point-to-multipoint (PTM) transitions to point-to-point (PTP), as PTP transmissions may lead PTM transmissions. The user equipment (UE) can correctly restore the outer block by the following information: (1) the internal block received in the point-to-point (PTP) transmission, received in the new cell or after the transfer The internal block to (B) the internal block received in the point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, the internal block received in the old cell or before the transfer. The user equipment (UE) can combine the internal block received before the transfer belonging to the same external block and the internal block received after the transfer. For example, the user equipment (UE) 10 can combine the internal multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload blocks in the external block n+2 received through point-to-point (PTP) transmission, and the point-to-point transmission The point (PTM) transmits the internal multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) payload block and the co-located block in the received external block n+2. The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 20 can facilitate the operation of this method by transmitting a transmission on a slightly "leading" PTM link from an external block of all users who are to be sent from the PTP link to receive MBMS content.

因為該UTRAN可領先PTM傳輸來進行外部區塊的傳輸，所以便可達到PTP至PTM的「無縫式」移轉結果。因此，跨 越小區邊界及/或於不同傳輸架構(例如PTM與PTP)間來傳送MBMS內容以可為「無縫」。此「時間領先量」可表示為內部區塊數量。當該使用者設備(UE)10移轉至PTM傳輸時，即使於移轉期間並無通信連結存在，該使用者設備(UE)10仍可能會遺失高達「時間領先量」數量的內部區塊，但是其並不損及MBMS接收的QoS。若該UE直接於PTP中開始進行MBMS接收的話，該UTRAN便可於開始進行PTP傳輸時立刻套用該「時間領先量」，因為UTRAN 20可藉由避開空的內部區塊(TF 0)慢慢地領先外部區塊的傳輸作業，直到抵達必要的「時間領先量」數量的內部區塊為止。自此點開始，UTRAN便可維持恆定的「時間領先量」。Because the UTRAN can lead PTM transmission for external block transmission, the PTP to PTM "seamless" transfer result can be achieved. Therefore, across The MBMS content can be transmitted across the cell boundary and/or between different transport architectures (eg, PTM and PTP) to be "seamless." This "time lead" can be expressed as the number of internal blocks. When the user equipment (UE) 10 moves to the PTM transmission, the user equipment (UE) 10 may lose up to the "time lead" number of internal blocks even if no communication link exists during the transfer. , but it does not compromise the QoS of MBMS reception. If the UE starts MBMS reception directly in the PTP, the UTRAN can immediately apply the "time lead" when starting the PTP transmission, because the UTRAN 20 can be slowed by avoiding the empty internal block (TF 0). Slowly lead the transmission of the external block until it reaches the necessary "time lead" number of internal blocks. From this point on, UTRAN can maintain a constant "time lead".

於點對多點(PTM)中，並無法依賴無線電連結控制(RLC)中可用的UE特有回授資訊。點對點(PTP)傳輸中，該UE 10可通知該RNC，使其知道移轉前被正確接收之最後外部區塊的編號。此作法應該套用至變成PTP的任何移轉中(從PTM或是從PTP移轉至PTP)。若此回授被視為無法接受的話，那麼UTRAN 20便可預測狀態移轉前最可能被該使用者設備(UE)10接收的最後外部區塊。此項預測作業可依據不同小區傳輸間可預測之最大時間不精確性以及該目標小區中目前正被傳輸或即將被傳輸的外部區塊來實施。In point-to-multipoint (PTM), it is not possible to rely on UE-specific feedback information available in Radio Link Control (RLC). In a point-to-point (PTP) transmission, the UE 10 can inform the RNC that it knows the number of the last external block that was correctly received before the transfer. This practice should be applied to any transition to PTP (from PTM or PTP to PTP). If the feedback is deemed unacceptable, the UTRAN 20 can predict the last external block most likely to be received by the user equipment (UE) 10 before the state transition. This prediction operation can be implemented based on the maximum time inaccuracy that can be predicted between different cell transmissions and the external blocks in the target cell that are currently being transmitted or are about to be transmitted.

可以實施前向式錯誤修正(FEC)，以便還原該移轉期間所遺失的任何區塊。減低移轉期間會遺失內容的可能性便可促成「無縫式移轉」。此項架構假設從點對點(PTP)移轉至點對多點(PTM)傳輸時正從每個資料源傳輸同一個外部區 塊，其通常係發生在外部區塊持續時間相對於移轉持續時間為已知的條件下。Forward Error Correction (FEC) can be implemented to restore any blocks lost during the transfer. Reducing the possibility of losing content during the transfer can lead to "seamless transfer." This architecture assumes that the same external zone is being transmitted from each data source when moving from point-to-point (PTP) to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission. A block, which typically occurs under conditions where the duration of the outer block is known relative to the duration of the transition.

UE 10中的記憶體數量會涉及跨越相鄰小區的PTM傳輸的時間對齊精確度。放寬使用者設備(UE)10中的記憶體需求，便可提高PTM UTRAN 20傳輸的時間精確度。The amount of memory in UE 10 may relate to the time alignment accuracy of PTM transmissions across neighboring cells. By relaxing the memory requirements in the User Equipment (UE) 10, the time accuracy of the PTM UTRAN 20 transmission can be improved.

圖18為當某一行動台於源自無線電網路控制器(RNC)A之點對點(PTP)傳輸及源自無線電網路控制器(RNC)B之點對點(PTP)傳輸間移轉或重新定位時所接收到之外部碼區塊間的時間關係圖。RNC一詞可與「基地台控制器(BSC)」互換。於「重新定位」期間，使用者設備(UE)10會從受控於第一RNC A 124之區域中某一內容串的點對點(PTP)傳輸移轉至受控於第二RNC B 224之區域中同一內容串的點對點(PTP)傳輸。可利用再傳輸(re-Tx)來補償任何已遺失之MBMS酬載區塊。小區間從點對點(PTP)傳輸直接移轉為點對多點(PTM)傳輸可利用和Release '99軟交遞或硬交遞雷同的方式來實施。即使該等兩個RNC A、B之間沒有任何協調，目標RNC A 124還是應該能夠計算出被UE 10收到的最後一個完整的外部區塊。此項預測可依據於Iu介面25上被RNC 24收到之MBMS內容的時序來實施。當利用PTP傳輸時，該RNC 24便可組成初始延遲，而且即使不需要無遺失的SRNS重新定位亦不會遺失任何部份的MBMS內容。Figure 18 shows the transfer or relocation of a mobile station between point-to-point (PTP) transmissions originating from Radio Network Controller (RNC) A and point-to-point (PTP) transmissions originating from Radio Network Controller (RNC) B. The time relationship diagram between the external code blocks received at the time. The term RNC is interchangeable with the Base Station Controller (BSC). During "relocation", the user equipment (UE) 10 will transfer from a point-to-point (PTP) transmission of a certain content string in the area controlled by the first RNC A 124 to an area controlled by the second RNC B 224. Point-to-point (PTP) transmission of the same content string. Retransmission (re-Tx) can be utilized to compensate for any lost MBMS payload blocks. The small interval from point-to-point (PTP) transmission to point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission can be implemented in the same way as Release '99 soft handover or hard handover. Even if there is no coordination between the two RNCs A, B, the target RNC A 124 should still be able to calculate the last complete outer block received by the UE 10. This prediction can be implemented based on the timing of the MBMS content received by the RNC 24 on the Iu interface 25. When utilizing PTP transmission, the RNC 24 can form an initial delay and will not lose any portion of the MBMS content even if no missing SRNS relocation is required.

熟習本技術的人士將會發現到，雖然為方便理解，圖中所示的流程圖都係依序繪製，不過，在真實的實現方式中，卻可同時執行特定的步驟。另外，除非以別的方式指示， 否則可交換方法步驟而不會脫離本發明範疇。Those skilled in the art will recognize that although the flowcharts shown in the figures are drawn in order for ease of understanding, in the actual implementation, the specific steps can be performed simultaneously. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, Otherwise, the method steps can be exchanged without departing from the scope of the invention.

熟悉技術人士應瞭解，可使用任何不同科技及技術代表資訊及信號。例如，以上說明中可能提及的資料、指令、命令、資訊、信號、位元、符號及晶片可由電壓、電流、電磁波、磁場或磁粒子、光場或光粒子或任何其組合表示。Those skilled in the art should be aware that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of technologies and technologies. For example, the materials, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and wafers that may be referred to in the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light or light particles, or any combination thereof.

熟悉技術人士應進一步結合本文揭示的具體實施例所說明的各種邏輯區塊、模組、電路及演算法之步驟可實施為電子硬體、電腦軟體或兩者之組合。為了清楚說明硬體及軟體之該互通性，以上已就其功能性總體說明各種說明性組件、區塊、模組、電路及步驟。此類功能究竟該實現為硬體或軟體係取決於施加於整體系統上的特殊應用及設計限制。熟悉技術人士可採用各種方法實施各特定應用之該說明功能性，但此類實施決定不應解釋為會引起背離本發明之範疇。The steps of various logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithms described in connection with the specific embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interoperability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware or soft systems depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. A person skilled in the art can implement the described functionality of the particular application in a variety of ways, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as causing a departure from the scope of the invention.

結合在此揭示的具體實施例所說明的各種說明性邏輯組塊、模組及電路，可採用通用處理器、一數位信號處理器(DSP)、一特定應用積體電路(ASIC)、一場可程式化閘極陣列(FPGA)或其他可程式化邏輯元件、離散閘極或電晶體邏輯、離散硬體組件或設計用以執行在此說明的功能之任何組合來實施或執行。一通用處理器可以為一微處理器，但在另外的範例中，該處理器可以為任何常規處理器、控制器、微處理器或狀態機。一處理器亦可實現為複數部電腦裝置之組合，例如，一DSP及一微處理器之組合、複數個微處理器、搭配一DSP核心之一個以上微處理器、或任何 其它此類配置。The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the specific embodiments disclosed herein may employ a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and a field. A stylized gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic element, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of functions designed to perform the functions described herein is implemented or executed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in another example, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microprocessor or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of a plurality of computer devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, more than one microprocessor with a DSP core, or any Other such configurations.

結合在此揭示的該等具體實施例所說明的一方法或演算法之步驟可以直接採用硬體、由一處理器執行的一軟體模組或採用二者之一組合而具體化。軟體模組可駐存於RAM記憶體、快閃記憶體、ROM記憶體、EPROM記憶體、EEPROM記憶體、暫存器、硬碟、抽取式磁碟、CD-ROM、或本技術所熟知的任何其它儲存媒體之中。在另外的範例中，該儲存媒體可與該處理器整合。該處理器及該儲存媒體可駐存於一ASIC中。該ASIC可置於一用戶終端機之內。在替代的範例中，該處理器及該儲存媒體可以離散組件的形式置於一使用者終端機內。The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the specific embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied by a hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, scratchpad, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or as is well known in the art. Among any other storage media. In another example, the storage medium can be integrated with the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can be placed within a user terminal. In an alternative example, the processor and the storage medium can be placed in a user terminal in the form of discrete components.

先前提供之所揭示具體實施例說明使得任何熟悉本技術之人士可製造或使用本發明。熟悉本技術人士應明白此等具體實施例可進行各種修改，而且此處所定義的通用原理可應用於其他具體實施例而不背離本發明之精神或範疇。舉例來說，雖然說明中規定可利用通用陸地無線電存取網路(UTRAN)空中介面來實現無線電存取網路20，但是於GSM/GPRS系統中，無線電存取網路20可能係一GSM/EDGE無線電存取網路(GERAN)，甚至於系統間的情況中，其可能會包括UTRAN空中介面的小區以及GSM/EDGE空中介面的小區。因此，本發明並不希望受限於本文所示的具體實施例，更確切地說，其希望符合與本文所揭示之原理及新穎特徵一致的最廣範疇。The specific embodiments disclosed above are provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the specific embodiments and the invention may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although the description provides for the use of a Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) null plane to implement the radio access network 20, in the GSM/GPRS system, the radio access network 20 may be a GSM/ The EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), even in the case of intersystems, may include cells of the UTRAN null plane and cells of the GSM/EDGE null plane. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments shown herein.

本發明文件所發表的一部份包括受到著作權保護的物 料。著作權擁有人不反對任何人傳真再製專利暨商標局專利檔案或記錄中發表的專利文件或本發明，但是絕對保留著作權的所有權限。Part of the publication of this document includes copyright protected objects material. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction of the patent file or the patent document published in the patent file or record of the Patent and Trademark Office, but retains all rights to the copyright.

10‧‧‧使用者設備10‧‧‧User equipment

12‧‧‧行動設備12‧‧‧Mobile equipment

14‧‧‧通用用戶識別模組14‧‧‧Common User Identification Module

20‧‧‧存取網路20‧‧‧Access network

22‧‧‧基地台22‧‧‧Base station

23‧‧‧Iub介面23‧‧‧Iub interface

24‧‧‧無線電網路控制器24‧‧‧ Radio Network Controller

25‧‧‧Iu介面25‧‧‧Iu interface

26‧‧‧Uu介面26‧‧‧Uu interface

30‧‧‧核心網路30‧‧‧core network

32‧‧‧家用位置登錄器32‧‧‧Home Location Logger

34‧‧‧行動切換服務中心/訪客位置登錄器34‧‧‧Action Switching Service Center/Visitor Location Logger

36‧‧‧閘道行動切換中心36‧‧‧Churn Action Switching Center

38‧‧‧服務通用封包無線電服務支援節點38‧‧‧Service General Packet Radio Service Support Node

39‧‧‧下層封包協定39‧‧‧Under the Subcontracting Agreement

40‧‧‧閘道GPRS支援節點40‧‧‧Gateway GPRS Support Node

42(圖1)‧‧‧PSTN/ISDN42 (Figure 1) ‧‧‧PSTN/ISDN

42(圖3)‧‧‧遠端使用者42 (Figure 3) ‧ ‧ remote users

44‧‧‧網際網路44‧‧‧Internet

80‧‧‧應用層80‧‧‧Application layer

90‧‧‧封包資料協定層90‧‧‧ Packet Information Agreement Layer

91‧‧‧資訊區塊91‧‧‧Information block

93‧‧‧同位區塊93‧‧‧Co-located block

94‧‧‧標頭94‧‧‧ Header

95‧‧‧外部碼區塊95‧‧‧External code block

96‧‧‧移轉96‧‧‧Transfer

97‧‧‧移轉97‧‧‧Transfer

98‧‧‧小區A98‧‧‧Cell A

99‧‧‧小區B99‧‧‧Cell B

110‧‧‧UMTS信令協定堆疊110‧‧‧UMTS Signaling Protocol Stacking

120‧‧‧實體層120‧‧‧ physical layer

124‧‧‧無線電網路控制器A124‧‧‧Radio Network Controller A

130‧‧‧層2130‧‧‧ Layer 2

140‧‧‧媒體存取控制層140‧‧‧Media Access Control Layer

150‧‧‧無線電連結控制層150‧‧‧Radio Link Control Layer

152‧‧‧無線電連結控制單元152‧‧‧Radio Link Control Unit

152A‧‧‧傳輸TM實體152A‧‧‧TransferTM entity

152B‧‧‧接收TM實體152B‧‧‧Receive TM entity

152C‧‧‧傳輸UM實體152C‧‧‧Transfer UM entity

152D‧‧‧接收UM實體152D‧‧‧ Receiving UM entities

152E‧‧‧AM實體152E‧‧‧AM entity

156‧‧‧封包資料收斂協定層156‧‧‧ Packet Information Convergence Agreement Layer

157‧‧‧前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層157‧‧‧ Forward Error Correction (FEC) layer

158‧‧‧廣播/多播控制層158‧‧‧Broadcast/Multicast Control Layer

160‧‧‧無線電資源控制層160‧‧‧ Radio resource control layer

161‧‧‧控制平面信令161‧‧‧Control plane signaling

163‧‧‧使用者平面資訊163‧‧‧User plane information

170‧‧‧電路切換部份170‧‧‧Circuit switching section

172‧‧‧連接管理層172‧‧‧Connected to management

174‧‧‧呼叫控制子層174‧‧‧Call Control Sublayer

176‧‧‧增補服務子層176‧‧‧ Supplementary Service Sublayer

177‧‧‧短訊服務子層177‧‧‧Short Message Service Sublayer

178‧‧‧行動能力管理層178‧‧‧Action Capability Management

180‧‧‧封包切換部份180‧‧‧Package switching section

182‧‧‧交談管理子層182‧‧‧Talk Management Sublayer

183‧‧‧短訊服務區段183‧‧‧Short Message Service Section

184‧‧‧GPRS行動能力管理子層184‧‧‧GPRS Action Capability Management Sublayer

201‧‧‧資料單元201‧‧‧data unit

202‧‧‧資料單元202‧‧‧data unit

203‧‧‧資料單元203‧‧‧data unit

204‧‧‧資料單元204‧‧‧data unit

205‧‧‧編碼器封包矩陣205‧‧‧Encoder packet matrix

206‧‧‧長度指示符號206‧‧‧ length indicator

208‧‧‧填補資料208‧‧‧Filling information

210‧‧‧最後資料210‧‧‧ Final information

212‧‧‧同位資訊212‧‧‧Same Information

213‧‧‧外部碼區塊213‧‧‧External code block

214‧‧‧外部同位區塊214‧‧‧External parity block

224‧‧‧無線電網路控制器B224‧‧‧ Radio Network Controller B

305‧‧‧編碼器封包矩陣305‧‧‧Encoder packet matrix

310‧‧‧最後資料310‧‧‧ Final information

312‧‧‧同位資訊312‧‧‧Same Information

313‧‧‧外部碼區塊313‧‧‧External code block

314‧‧‧同位附加資料314‧‧‧Other information

400‧‧‧前向式錯誤修正層400‧‧‧ forward error correction layer

401‧‧‧前向式錯誤修正標頭大小401‧‧‧ Forward Error Correction Header Size

402‧‧‧無線電承載402‧‧‧ Radio Bearer

404‧‧‧編碼器封包部份404‧‧‧Encoder package part

406‧‧‧編碼器封包406‧‧‧Encoder package

410‧‧‧傳輸前向式錯誤修正實體410‧‧‧Transfer forward error correction entity

412‧‧‧服務資料單元緩衝器412‧‧‧Service Data Unit Buffer

414‧‧‧分割與串接單元414‧‧‧Segment and cascade unit

416‧‧‧外部編碼器416‧‧‧External encoder

418‧‧‧序號產生器418‧‧‧Sequence generator

420‧‧‧傳輸緩衝器420‧‧‧Transmission buffer

422‧‧‧排程單元422‧‧‧ Schedule unit

430‧‧‧接收前向式錯誤修正實體430‧‧‧Receive forward error correction entity

432‧‧‧重組單元/服務資料單元傳輸緩衝器432‧‧‧Reorganization unit/service data unit transmission buffer

434‧‧‧外部解碼器434‧‧‧External decoder

436‧‧‧序號移除單元436‧‧‧Sequence removal unit

438‧‧‧接收緩衝器/再排序/副本偵測單元438‧‧‧ Receive Buffer/Reorder/Copy Detection Unit

440‧‧‧無線電承載440‧‧‧ Radio Bearer

510‧‧‧傳輸端510‧‧‧Transport

520‧‧‧傳輸緩衝器520‧‧‧Transmission buffer

530‧‧‧接收端530‧‧‧ receiving end

538‧‧‧接收緩衝器538‧‧‧ Receive buffer

圖1為一通信系統的示意圖。1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system.

圖2為UMTS信令協定堆疊的方塊圖。2 is a block diagram of a UMTS signaling protocol stack.

圖3為UMTS協定堆疊之封包切換使用者平面的方塊圖。3 is a block diagram of a packet switching user plane of a UMTS protocol stack.

圖4為UMTS信令協定堆疊的存取階層部份的方塊圖。4 is a block diagram of an access stratum portion of a UMTS signaling protocol stack.

圖5A為UMTS信令協定堆疊之無線電連結控制(RLC)層中所使用的資料傳輸模式方塊圖以及每層中所使用的各種頻道。Figure 5A is a block diagram of the data transmission mode used in the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer of the UMTS Signaling Protocol stack and the various channels used in each layer.

圖5B為含有各種RLC資料傳輸模式的無線電連結控制(RLC)層的架構方塊圖。Figure 5B is a block diagram of the architecture of a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer containing various RLC data transmission modes.

圖5C為用於實現無線電連結控制(RLC)已確認模式(AM)之實體的方塊圖。Figure 5C is a block diagram of an entity for implementing Radio Link Control (RLC) acknowledged mode (AM).

圖6為具有前向式錯誤修正層之簡化UMTS協定堆疊的示意圖。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a simplified UMTS protocol stack with a forward error correction layer.

圖7A為含有一前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層之存取階層的協定結構的具體實施例。Figure 7A is a specific embodiment of a protocol structure with an access level of a forward error correction (FEC) layer.

圖7B為含有一前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層之存取階層的協定結構的另一具體實施例。Figure 7B is another embodiment of a protocol structure with an access level of a forward error correction (FEC) layer.

圖8為一資訊區塊及對應該資訊區塊之外部碼區塊的示意圖。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an information block and an outer code block corresponding to the information block.

圖9A為可套用至多媒體廣播及多播服務(MBMS)資料的 外部碼區塊結構的示意圖。Figure 9A shows the data that can be applied to Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS). Schematic diagram of the outer code block structure.

圖9B為圖9A之外部碼區塊結構的示意圖，其中會有多重列於每個傳輸時間區間(TTI)中被發送。Figure 9B is a schematic diagram of the outer code block structure of Figure 9A, with multiple columns being transmitted in each transmission time interval (TTI).

圖9C為圖9A之外部區塊結構的示意圖，其中每一列會於多個TTI中被發送。Figure 9C is a schematic diagram of the outer block structure of Figure 9A, where each column is transmitted in multiple TTIs.

圖10A與10B為該前向式錯誤修正層所產生之外部碼區塊的示意圖。10A and 10B are schematic diagrams of external code blocks generated by the forward error correction layer.

圖11為RLC UM+實體中所使用之前向式錯誤修正(FEC)層的具體實施例。Figure 11 is a specific embodiment of a forward error correction (FEC) layer used in an RLC UM+ entity.

圖12A為用以從複數個資料單元中產生一外部碼區塊的編碼過程，其中該外部碼區塊的列大小為固定的。Figure 12A is an encoding process for generating an outer code block from a plurality of data units, wherein the outer code block has a fixed column size.

圖12B為圖12A中於空中被傳輸的資訊範例。Figure 12B is an example of information transmitted in the air in Figure 12A.

圖13為用以產生一具有可變列大小的外部碼區塊的編碼過程。Figure 13 is a process of encoding to generate an outer code block having a variable column size.

圖14為一前向式錯誤修正(FEC)標頭格式的具體實施例示意圖。14 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) header format.

圖15為讓行動台利用不同邏輯串間的時間補償來延遲解碼的示意圖。Figure 15 is a diagram showing the mobile station using the time compensation between different logic strings to delay decoding.

圖16為當某一行動台於從小區A接收一點對多點(PTM)傳輸及從小區B接收一點對多點(PTM)傳輸間移轉時被該行動台接收到之外部碼區塊間的時間關係圖。16 is an external code block received by a mobile station when receiving a point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission from cell A and receiving a point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission between cells B. Time diagram.

圖17為當某一行動台於點對多點(PTM)傳輸及點對點(PTP)傳輸間移轉時所接收到之外部碼區塊間的時間關係圖。Figure 17 is a diagram showing the time relationship between external code blocks received when a mobile station moves between point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission and point-to-point (PTP) transmission.

圖18為當某一行動台於源自無線電網路控制器(RNC)A之點對點(PTP)傳輸及源自無線電網路控制器(RNC)B之點對點(PTP)傳輸間移轉或重新定位時所接收到之外部碼區塊間的時間關係圖。Figure 18 shows the transfer or relocation of a mobile station between point-to-point (PTP) transmissions originating from Radio Network Controller (RNC) A and point-to-point (PTP) transmissions originating from Radio Network Controller (RNC) B. The time relationship diagram between the external code blocks received at the time.

94‧‧‧標頭94‧‧‧ Header

97‧‧‧移轉97‧‧‧Transfer

Claims (18)

一種於一頻道上交換資訊的方法，其包括：於一無線電承載上對源自一第一資訊源含有第一格式之酬載資料的複數列第一類型資訊進行分框以產生複數列第二類型資訊；對複數列第二類型資訊進行編碼，用以產生含有同位區塊在內的複數列冗餘資訊；將該等複數列冗餘資訊附加在該等複數列第二類型資訊中，用以產生一含有複數列第二格式之酬載資料及該等同位區塊的外部碼區塊；於該外部碼區塊每一列中加入附加資訊，其中該附加資訊包含一序號；以及將該外部碼區塊傳輸給一無線電連結控制層。A method for exchanging information on a channel includes: grouping, on a radio bearer, a plurality of first type information of a plurality of columns from a first information source containing the payload data of the first format to generate a plurality of columns Type information; encoding the second type information of the plurality of columns to generate redundant information of the plurality of columns including the parity block; and adding the redundant information of the plurality of columns to the second type information of the plurality of columns, Generating a payload data containing a second format of the plurality of columns and an outer code block of the equivalent bit block; adding additional information to each column of the outer code block, wherein the additional information includes a serial number; and the external The code block is transmitted to a radio link control layer. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括：從該第一資訊源中接收該外部碼區塊。The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the outer code block from the first information source. 如請求項2之方法，其進一步包括：當無線通信器進行移轉時，從一等於該等複數列第二類型資訊的第二資訊源中接收一第二封包；以及利用該序號來重新對齊該外部碼區塊與該第二封包。The method of claim 2, further comprising: receiving a second packet from a second information source equal to the second type of information of the plurality of columns when the wireless communicator performs the transfer; and realigning the sequence number with the sequence number The outer code block and the second packet. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第二類型資訊包括第二格式的酬載資料，以及部份情況中的填補資訊。The method of claim 1, wherein the second type of information includes the payload data in the second format and the padding information in some cases. 如請求項1之方法，其中編碼前所提供的序號可讓該無線電連結控制層於無線通信器進行移轉時來改變模式。The method of claim 1, wherein the serial number provided prior to encoding allows the radio link control layer to change modes when the wireless communicator is shifting. 如請求項1之方法，其中該編碼包括外部編碼，並且係獨 立於該無線電連結控制層來實施。The method of claim 1, wherein the encoding comprises external encoding and is independent Implemented in the radio link control layer. 如請求項1之方法，其中該頻道係一單向、共同邏輯頻道。The method of claim 1, wherein the channel is a one-way, common logical channel. 如請求項7之方法，其中該頻道係一單向、下行連結頻道。The method of claim 7, wherein the channel is a one-way, downlink link channel. 如請求項8之方法，其中該共同邏輯頻道會攜載要廣播給一部以上終端機的資訊。The method of claim 8, wherein the common logical channel carries information to be broadcast to more than one terminal. 一種傳輸一第一外部碼區塊及一第二外部碼區塊給一無線通信器的方法，其包括：傳輸該第一區塊，其中該第一區塊具有至少一資料列及至少一冗餘列，而且其中每一列皆具有一含有一序號的附加資訊，其中該第二區塊係僅由複數列資料列所組成；以及當該無線通信器進行移轉時，利用該序號來對齊該第一區塊與該第二區塊。A method of transmitting a first outer code block and a second outer code block to a wireless communicator, comprising: transmitting the first block, wherein the first block has at least one data column and at least one redundancy a remainder column, and each of the columns has an additional information containing a sequence number, wherein the second block is composed only of a plurality of columns of data columns; and when the wireless communicator performs the transfer, the serial number is used to align the The first block and the second block. 一種用於通信系統之協定結構，其包括：一無線電連結控制層；以及一位於該無線電連結控制層上方的前向式錯誤修正層，其中該前向式錯誤修正層會於一第一類型資訊抵達該無線電連結控制層之前於一無線電承載上接收到該第一類型資訊，其中該前向式錯誤修正層會於該第一類型資訊抵達該無線電連結控制層之前將該第一類型資訊進行分框，用 以產生一第二類型資訊，其中該前向式錯誤修正層會利用該第二類型資訊來產生複數列冗餘資訊，該等冗餘資訊會被加入至該第二類型資訊中，以便產生一外部碼區塊，其中該前向式錯誤修正層會於傳輸至該無線電連結控制層以前將一序號加入至每個訊框中。A protocol structure for a communication system, comprising: a radio link control layer; and a forward error correction layer located above the radio link control layer, wherein the forward error correction layer is in a first type of information Receiving the first type of information on a radio bearer before arriving at the radio link control layer, wherein the forward type error correction layer divides the first type of information before the first type of information arrives at the radio link control layer Box, use Generating a second type of information, wherein the forward type error correction layer uses the second type of information to generate a plurality of columns of redundant information, and the redundant information is added to the second type of information to generate a An outer code block, wherein the forward error correction layer adds a sequence number to each frame before transmitting to the radio link control layer. 如請求項11之協定結構，其中該資訊源係一第一資訊源，而且其中會於一共同邏輯頻道上傳輸該外部碼區塊。The protocol structure of claim 11, wherein the information source is a first information source, and wherein the outer code block is transmitted on a common logical channel. 如請求項12之協定結構，其中該序號可於移轉期間重新對齊第二類型資訊與源自一第二資訊源的另一第二類型資訊。The protocol structure of claim 12, wherein the serial number is realignable between the second type of information and another second type of information originating from a second information source during the transfer. 一種於含有一無線電連結控制層之系統中在一共同頻道上傳輸資訊以前對該資訊進行編碼的方法，其包括：從一無線電承載中接收該資訊；以及於將該資訊傳送給一無線電連結控制層之前，對該資訊進行外部區塊編碼。A method of encoding information prior to transmitting information on a common channel in a system including a radio link control layer, comprising: receiving the information from a radio bearer; and transmitting the information to a radio link control The information is externally block coded before the layer. 如請求項14之方法，其中該資訊包括內容，而且其中外部區塊編碼包括：將該內容組織成複數個資料區塊；對該等資料區塊進行編碼，用以產生複數個同位區塊；以及將該等同位區塊加入該等資料區塊中，用以產生一編碼器封包，其中該等同位區塊係被配置成用以重建傳輸 期間所遺失的任合資料區塊。The method of claim 14, wherein the information comprises content, and wherein the outer block encoding comprises: organizing the content into a plurality of data blocks; encoding the data blocks to generate a plurality of co-located blocks; And adding the equivalent bit block to the data blocks to generate an encoder packet, wherein the equivalent bit block is configured to reconstruct the transmission The Renhe data block lost during the period. 如請求項15之之方法，其進一步包括：於該編碼器封包的每個區塊中加入附加資訊，其可利用一序號來辨識該區塊，該序號包含一內部區塊數及一外部區塊數。The method of claim 15, further comprising: adding additional information to each block of the encoder packet, wherein the block is identified by a serial number, the serial number including an inner block number and an outer area The number of blocks. 如請求項15之方法，其中會以單一訊框來傳輸每個區塊。The method of claim 15, wherein each block is transmitted in a single frame. 如請求項15之方法，其中會以複數個訊框來傳輸每個區塊。The method of claim 15, wherein each of the blocks is transmitted in a plurality of frames.
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