1354063 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於寒冷地帶取向的風力發電裝置，特別是 關於能夠確保低溫啓動時潤滑油流動性的風力發電裝置》 【先前技術】 風力發電裝置是一種由具備有風車翼的旋翼頭受到風 φ 力旋轉，由增速機增速該旋轉來驅動發電機藉此發電的裝 置。因此，風力發電裝置設有存在著例如增速機或軸承等 需要潤滑的滑動部，利用潤滑油泵從潤滑油儲藏槽內將潤 滑油供應至滑動部的潤滑系統。 針對油壓作業機械的油壓回路，已提案有能夠簡單並 且確保發動機啓動時暖機運轉及作業中之熱平衡的構成。 該先前技術是構成以油冷卻器的有無區別設置冷卻流路及 非冷卻流路，利用方向轉換閥能夠選擇切換所要返回潤滑 φ 油槽的回油流路（例如，參照專利文獻1 )。 〔專利文獻1〕日本特開2005-155698號公報 【發明內容】 然而’設置在寒冷地帶的風力發電裝置，有時需要在 外氣溫度例如-3 0 °C以上的低溫條件下啓動，也可想像到 啓動時配管或機器本身的溫度會達到-40 °C程度的低溫。 上述的低溫條件下，潤滑油的流動黏度會飛躍性提昇，因 t 此爲了確保啓動時潤滑油的流動性，需要利用加熱器等強 -4- 1354063 _ 制加熱潤滑油配管。 即，停電時或風力發電裝置停止時若潤滑油泵停止， 則潤滑油配管中會殘留有循環中的潤滑油。此時’若周圍 的環境爲低溫時，殘留在潤滑油配管內的潤滑油就會冷卻 ，因此流動黏度上昇導致流動性變差。其結果，當以潤滑 油流動黏度高的狀態啓動潤滑油泵時，壓力損失增大就會 造成泵負荷增加，恐怕會產生泵斷路等不利狀況。 Φ 因此，特別是針對潤滑油配管的潤滑油殘留部，需要 有配管全體加熱對策。 然而，使用加熱器對潤滑油殘留部加熱，會消耗過多 的能源，除此之外還有加熱器產生狀況時無法避免潤滑油 ' 流動黏度上昇的風險。因此，對於寒冷地帶風力發電裝置 可靠性的提昇，就期望能夠完全中止加熱器對潤滑油配管 加熱，或者，能夠讓加熱器加熱處削減成最小需求。 本發明是有鑑於上述情況所硏創的發明，其目的是提 φ 供一種能夠完全停止使用加熱器對潤滑油配管加熱，或者 是，可使加熱器加熱處削減成最小需求的風力發電裝置。 本發明爲了解決上述課題，採用以下手段。 本發明的風力發電裝置，具備有可使潤滑油儲藏空間 內的潤滑油透過連接在潤滑油泵的潤滑油流路循環，對連 接於上述潤滑油流路的滑動部供應潤滑油進行潤滑的潤滑 系統，其特徵爲， 上述潤滑系統，具備有在上述潤滑油泵停止時形成， 使潤滑油自然落下回收至上述潤滑油儲藏空間內的潤滑油 -5- 1354063 回收系統。 根據上述風力發電裝置時，潤滑系統具備有可在潤滑 油泵停止時形成，使潤滑油自然落下回收至潤滑油儲藏空 間內的潤滑油回收系統，因此停電時或風力發電裝置停止 時若潤滑油泵的運轉停止，就能夠形成潤滑油回收系統使 潤滑系統內的潤滑油自然落下回收至潤滑油儲藏空間內》 即，在停電等造成潤滑油泵運轉停止的潤滑油回收時，透 φ 過潤滑油回收系統使潤滑油自然落下在潤滑油儲藏空間內 ，因此能夠使潤滑油流路內不會殘留潤滑油。 上述發明中，上述潤滑油回收系統，最好是構成具備 有：配設在上述潤滑油流路吐出側低位置的逆止閥；從上 述逆止閥下游側直接近處分岐出來連接於上述潤滑油儲藏 空間的潤滑油回油流路：及配設在上述潤滑油回油流路於 平常運轉時關閉的同時於潤滑油回收時打開的自動開閉閥 0 • 根據上述構成時，在潤滑油泵運轉停止的潤滑油回收 時’就會形成有潤滑油回油流路的自動開閉閥爲打開的潤 滑油回收系統。因此，在潤滑油流路的吐出側殘留在比逆 止閥還位於高處，比潤滑油流路最高位置還上游側的潤滑 油會因重力自然落下，通過潤滑油回油流路回收至潤滑油 儲藏空間。另，位於比潤滑油流路最高位置還下游側的潤 滑油’就直接自然落下在潤滑油流路回收至潤滑油儲藏空 間。 上述發明中，最好是在上述潤滑油流路的最高位置， -6- 1354063 設置可在上述潤滑油回收時和大氣連通的通氣口，如此一 來，潤滑油回收時潤滑油流路內的潤滑油就會以潤滑油流 路的最¥位置爲邊界分離在上游側及下游側，分別通過潤 滑油回油流路及潤滑油流路順暢回收。 根據上述本發明的風力發電裝置時，可在潤滑油泵停 止時從潤滑油系統的潤滑油流路回收潤滑油，因此即使是 設置在寒冷地帶也能夠完全停止使用加熱器對潤滑油配管 加熱，或者，能夠讓加熱器加熱處削減成最小需求。 其結果，在停電時或風力發電裝置停止時，就能夠降 低或消除潤滑油殘留部加熱消耗的能源。即，能夠提供一 種營運成本低的風力發電裝置。此外，於潤滑油泵啓動時 ，還能夠防止流動黏度上昇的潤滑油殘留造成泵斷路等不 利狀況的產生，因此能夠提供一種可靠性高的風力發電裝 置，進而提供一種稼動率高的風力發電裝置。 【實施方式】 〔發明之最佳實施形態〕 以下，參照第1圖至第3圖對本發明相關風力發電裝 置一實施形態進行說明。 第3圖所示的風力發電裝置1，具有：豎立設置在基 礎B上的支柱（又稱「塔」）2;設置在支柱2上端的發 動機艙3;及被支撐成可繞著大致水平旋轉軸線周圍旋轉 設置在發動機艙3的旋翼頭4。 旋翼頭4，安裝有繞著其旋轉軸線周圍成放射狀的複 1354063 數片（例如3片）風車旋轉翼5。藉此，就可使從旋翼頭 4旋轉軸線方向碰觸到風車旋轉翼5的風力轉換成旋翼頭 4繞著旋轉_軸線周圍旋轉用的動力^ 此外，上述的風力發電裝置1，具備有設置在發動機 艙3內部可構成驅動系的增速機或發電機。 風力發電裝置1的驅動系，如第1圖及第2圖所示， 具備有可和旋翼頭4 一起旋轉的主軸1〇所連結的增速機 11或未圖示的發電機。該驅動系是以增速機1〇加速旋翼 頭4的旋轉來驅動發電機，藉此進行發電機的發電。 上述的風力發電裝置1中，設有可對驅動系等的滑動 部供應潤滑油進行潤滑的潤滑系統。以下是以對滑動部進 行潤滑的潤滑系統爲一個例子，根據第1圖及第2圖說明 可對增速機Π及主軸10支撐用主軸承12供應潤滑油的 潤滑油供應系統等構成例。 第1圖是潤滑油回收時潤滑油流動狀態（潤滑油流路 )以箭頭符號表示的潤滑油流動方向，第2圖是平常運轉 時潤滑油流動狀態（潤滑油流路）以箭頭符號表示的潤滑 油流動方向。另，針對各閥的開閉狀態是以塗黑表示閉狀 態。 首先’針對主軸承1 2的潤滑系統20進行說明。 該潤滑系統2 0，可使潤滑油儲藏槽（潤滑油儲藏空間 )21內的潤滑油L透過連接在潤滑油泵22的潤滑油配管 (潤滑油流路）23循環，藉此將潤滑油L供應至連接在 潤滑油配管23的主軸承.12進行潤滑。另，主軸承12潤 -8- 1354063 滑後的潤滑油L是回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21。 此外，圖示的潤滑油系統20，爲了防止循環的潤滑油 L溫度上昇，在潤滑油泵22和主軸承12之間，具備有油 冷卻器24。 接著，圖示的潤滑油系統20，具備有在潤滑油泵22 停止時形成，使潤滑油L自然落下回收至潤滑油儲藏槽 21內的潤滑油回收系統。該潤滑油回收系統構成爲，具備 :配設在潤滑油配管23吐出側低位置的逆止閥25;從逆 止閥25下游側直接近處分岐出來連接於潤滑油儲藏槽21 的潤滑油回油配管（流路）2 6 ;及配設在潤滑油回油配管 26於平常運轉時關閉的同時於潤滑油回收時打開的自動開 閉閥27。 於該狀況時，潤滑油儲藏槽21及潤滑油泵22是於上 下方向位於最低位置。 此外，上述的潤滑油系統20是於潤滑油流路形成用 的潤滑油配管23的最高位置，具備有可於潤滑油回收時 和大氣連通的通氣口 28»該狀況的通氣口 28，具備有於 平常運轉時關閉的同時於潤滑油回收時打開的自動開閉閥 29，安裝成於潤滑油系統20中從設置在最高位置的油冷 卻器24出口配管部分岐出來。 另，上述的自動開閉閥27、29，都是在平常運轉時成 爲全閉狀態，在潤滑油回收時自動成爲全開的開閉閥，可 適宜選擇使用例如利用流體潤滑油壓力差的膜片式閥或停 電時自動開的閥，利用緊急電源開閉動作的閥等既知的開 -9- 1354063 閉閥。 此外，圖示的潤滑油系統20，雖然具備有潤滑油 冷卻用的油冷卻屬24，但在該油冷卻器24上游側的入 配管部，設有從潤滑油配管23分岐出來的同時具備逆 閥30的冷卻器旁通配管（流路）31。該冷卻器旁通配 31是經由潤滑油配管23連接於潤滑油儲藏槽21。 上述構成的潤滑油系統20是於第2圖所示的平常 φ 轉時，利用潤滑油泵22的運轉使潤滑油儲藏槽21內的 滑油L如圖中箭頭符號所示通過潤滑油配管23形成循 〇 即，潤滑油儲藏槽21內的潤滑油L是由潤滑油泵 昇壓往潤滑油配管23流出。該潤滑油L是通過逆止閥 上昇在潤滑油配管23，流入油冷卻器24。此時，自動 閉閥27爲關閉著，因此通過分岐點A的潤滑油L全量 被導往油冷卻器24。 • 此外’針對逆止閥30，同樣是由設置在內部的彈簧 推力形成關閉著，因此通過分岐點B的潤滑油L全量是 導往油冷卻器24。但是’若油冷卻器24的濾器堵塞造 流路阻力增加時，潤滑油L的壓力上昇可使逆止閥30 爲開狀態，因此潤滑油L就可通過油冷卻器2 4旁通用 冷卻器旁通配管31供應至主軸承12。 通過油冷卻器24的潤滑油L是經由與外氣的熱交 成爲冷卻。另’於平常運轉時’從分岐點C分岐出來的 管所設置的自動開閉閥29爲全閉狀態，因此潤滑油l L P 止 管 運 潤 環 22 25 開 是 彈 被 成 成 的 換 配 就 -10- 23 1354063 · 不會通過通氣口 28流出配管路徑外。 經油冷卻器24冷卻的潤滑油L是通過潤滑油流路 供應至主軸承12。該潤滑油L，在潤滑所需要潤滑的部 後，通過潤滑油流路23回到潤滑油儲藏槽21。 另外，因逆止閥30爲全閉狀態，所以通過分岐點 的潤滑油L全量會供應至主軸承12。但是，若油冷卻 24的濾器堵塞造成流路阻力增加時，潤滑油L的壓力 φ 昇可使逆止閥3 0成爲開狀態，因此潤滑油L就可通過 冷卻器24旁通用的冷卻器旁通配管31供應至主軸承12 之後，潤滑油L是經由相同路徑循環在潤滑油配 23，持續執行主軸承1 2的潤滑。 其次，當停電或規定以上的強風等造成風力發電裝 1運轉停止時，潤滑油泵22的運轉也會停止。於該狀況 潤滑油泵2 2停止時，殘留在潤滑油配管2 3內的潤滑油 會回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21，防止寒冷地帶的潤滑油L φ 動黏度上昇。 上述潤滑油回收時，如第1圖所示，潤滑油泵2 2 轉停止的同時，自動開閉閥27、29會成爲全開狀態。 其結果’潤滑油配管23的分岐點C透過通氣口 28 爲大氣連通狀態。因此，自分岐點C成爲潤滑油泵22 殘留在潤滑油配管23內的潤滑油L，在利用重力自由 下至低位置的分岐點A之後，流入自動開閉閥27爲開 態的潤滑油回油流路26回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21。 另一方面’自分岐點C成爲主軸承12側殘留在潤 位 D 器 上 油 〇 管 置 的 L 流 運 成 側 落 狀 滑 -11 - 1354063 油配管23內的潤滑油L是通過低位置的分岐點D及主軸 承12自由落下回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21。 其次，針對增速撵1 1的潤滑系統20A進行說明。 該潤滑系統20A是利用增速機11的套筒11a爲其潤 滑油儲藏槽21A。即，套筒11a的底部所儲藏的潤滑油L 是透過連接在潤滑油泵22A的潤滑油配管23A供應至增 速機11的滑動部，增速機11內需要潤滑的部位潤滑後回 收至套筒底部的潤滑油儲藏槽21A。 此外，該狀況的潤滑油系統20A，爲了防止潤滑油L 溫度上昇，在潤滑油泵22和增速機11之間具備油冷卻器 24A。 接著，圖示的潤滑油系統20A，具備有在潤滑油泵 22A停止時形成，使潤滑油L自然落下回收至潤滑油儲藏 槽21A內的潤滑油回收系統。該潤滑油回收系統，構成爲 具備有：配設在潤滑油配管23A吐出側低位置的逆止閥 25A;從逆止閥25A下游側直接近處分岐出來連接於潤滑 油儲藏槽21A的潤滑油回油配管26A;及配設在潤滑油回 油配管26A於平常運轉時關閉的同時於潤滑油回收時打開 的自動開閉閥27A。 於該狀況時，潤滑油儲藏槽21A是於上下方向位於最 低位置。 此外，上述的潤滑油系統20A是於潤滑油配管23 A 的最高位置具備有通氣口 28A。該狀況的通氣口 28A，具 備有平常運轉時關閉的同時於潤滑油回收時打開的自動開 -12- 1354063 閉閥29A，安裝成於潤滑油系統20A中從設置 的油冷卻器24A出口配管部分岐出來。 另，上述的自動開開閥2?Α、ΜΑ，都是 時成爲全閉狀態，在潤滑油回收時自動成爲全 開閉閥》 此外，圖示的潤滑油系統20A，具備有潤: 用的油冷卻器24A，該油冷卻器24A上游側的 ，設有從潤滑油配管23A分岐出來的同時具備 的冷卻器旁通配管31A。該冷卻器旁通配管31 滑油配管23A連接於潤滑油儲藏槽21 A。 上述構成的潤滑油系統20A是於第2圖所 轉時，利用潤滑油栗22A的運轉使潤滑油儲1 的潤滑油L由潤滑油泵22A昇壓通過潤滑油g 成循環。該潤滑油L是推開通過逆止閥25 A上 配管23A流入油冷卻器24A。此時，自動開閉 閉著，因此通過分岐點E的潤滑油L全量被導 24A。 此外，針對逆止閥3 0A，同樣是由設置在 彈推力形成關閉著，因此通過分岐點F的潤滑 導往油冷卻器24A。 通過油冷卻器24A的潤滑油L是經由與外 成爲冷卻。另，於平常運轉時，從分岐點G分 管所設置的自動開閉閥29A爲全閉狀態，因此 不會通過通氣口 28A流出配管路徑外。 在最高位置 在平常運轉 開的既知的 滑油L冷卻 入口配管部 逆止閥30A A是經由潤 示的平常運 I槽21A內 β管23A形 昇在潤滑油 閥2 7 A爲關 往油冷卻器 內部的彈簧 油L全量被 氣的熱交換 岐出來的配 潤滑油L就 -13- 1354063 經油冷卻器24A冷卻的潤滑油L’通過潤滑油流路 23A供應至增速機11。該潤滑油L，在增速機11潤滑所 需要潤滑的部位後’通過潤#油流路23八回到潤滑油儲藏 槽21A。此時，因逆止閥30A爲全閉狀態，所以通過分岐 點Η的潤滑油L全量會供應至增速機11。該狀況的逆止 閥3 0Α，在油冷卻器24Α的濾器堵塞等造成流路阻力增加 時，會因潤滑油L的壓力上昇使其成爲開狀態，因此潤滑 油L就可通過油冷卻器24Α旁通用的冷卻器旁通配管31Α 供應至增速機1 1。 以下，潤滑油L是經由相同路徑循環在潤滑油配管 23Α，持續執行增速機1 1的潤滑。 其次，在潤滑油泵22Α運轉停止的潤滑油回收時，如 第1圖所示，潤滑油泵22 Α運轉停止的同時，自動開閉閥 27A、29A會成爲全開狀態。 其結果’潤滑油配管23A的分岐點G是透過通氣口 28A成爲大氣連通狀態。因此’自分岐點g成爲潤滑油泵 2 2 A側殘留在潤滑油配管2 3 A內的潤滑油l，在利用重力1354063 IX. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wind power generation device oriented in a cold zone, and more particularly to a wind power generation device capable of ensuring fluidity of lubricating oil at low temperature start-up. [Prior Art] A wind power generation device is a A device in which a rotor head having a wind turbine blade is rotated by a wind force, and the speed increaser speeds up the rotation to drive the generator to generate electricity. Therefore, the wind power generator is provided with a lubricating portion in which a lubricating portion such as a speed increaser or a bearing is required to be lubricated, and a lubricating oil pump supplies the lubricating oil from the lubricating oil storage tank to the sliding portion. For the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic working machine, a configuration has been proposed which is simple and ensures the warm-up operation and the heat balance during the operation of the engine. In the prior art, the cooling flow path and the non-cooling flow path are provided in the presence or absence of the oil cooler, and the oil return flow path can be selectively switched by the direction switching valve (for example, see Patent Document 1). [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-155698. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, it is also conceivable that a wind power generator installed in a cold zone may be activated at a low temperature of, for example, -3 0 ° C or higher. The temperature at the start of the piping or the machine itself will reach a low temperature of -40 °C. Under the above-mentioned low temperature conditions, the flow viscosity of the lubricating oil will be greatly improved. Therefore, in order to ensure the fluidity of the lubricating oil at the time of starting, it is necessary to use a heater such as a strong -4- 1354063 _ heating lubricating oil piping. That is, if the lubricating oil pump is stopped during a power failure or when the wind power generator is stopped, the circulating lubricating oil remains in the lubricating oil pipe. At this time, if the surrounding environment is low temperature, the lubricating oil remaining in the lubricating oil pipe is cooled, so that the fluidity is increased and the fluidity is deteriorated. As a result, when the lubricating oil pump is started in a state where the flow viscosity of the lubricating oil is high, an increase in the pressure loss causes an increase in the pump load, which may cause an unfavorable situation such as a pump disconnection. Φ Therefore, in particular, for the lubricating oil residual portion of the lubricating oil pipe, it is necessary to have measures for heating the entire pipe. However, the use of a heater to heat the residual portion of the lubricating oil consumes too much energy, and there is a risk that the lubricating oil's flow viscosity cannot be prevented when the heater is generated. Therefore, in order to improve the reliability of a wind power generation device in a cold zone, it is desirable to completely stop the heating of the lubricant pipe by the heater, or to reduce the heating of the heater to a minimum. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a wind power generator capable of completely stopping the use of a heater to heat a lubricating oil pipe, or to reduce a heating portion of a heater to a minimum. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means. The wind power generator of the present invention includes a lubrication system that allows lubricating oil in the lubricating oil storage space to circulate through a lubricating oil flow path connected to the lubricating oil pump, and supplies lubricating oil to the sliding portion connected to the lubricating oil flow path. Further, the lubrication system includes a lubricating oil-5- 1354063 recovery system which is formed when the lubricating oil pump is stopped, and the lubricating oil is naturally dropped and collected into the lubricating oil storage space. According to the above-described wind power generator, the lubrication system is provided with a lubricating oil recovery system that can be formed when the lubricating oil pump is stopped, and the lubricating oil is naturally dropped and recovered into the lubricating oil storage space, so that the lubricating oil pump is used when the power is turned off or when the wind power generating device is stopped. When the operation is stopped, the lubricating oil recovery system can be formed so that the lubricating oil in the lubricating system can be naturally dropped and recovered into the lubricating oil storage space. That is, when the lubricating oil that stops the operation of the lubricating oil pump, such as a power failure, is recovered, the lubricating oil recovery system is passed through. Since the lubricating oil is naturally dropped in the lubricating oil storage space, the lubricating oil can be left in the lubricating oil flow path. In the above-described invention, the lubricating oil recovery system is preferably configured to include a check valve disposed at a low position on the discharge side of the lubricating oil passage, and to be branched from the downstream side of the check valve to be connected to the lubrication. Lubricating oil return flow path in the oil storage space: and an automatic opening and closing valve that is opened when the lubricating oil return flow path is closed during normal operation and is opened at the time of lubricating oil recovery. • According to the above configuration, the lubricating oil pump is operated. When the stopped lubricating oil is recovered, the automatic opening and closing valve that forms the lubricating oil return flow path is an open lubricating oil recovery system. Therefore, the lubricant is left at a higher position than the check valve on the discharge side of the lubricating oil flow path, and the lubricating oil upstream of the highest position of the lubricating oil flow path is naturally dropped by gravity, and is recovered to the lubrication through the lubricating oil return flow path. Oil storage space. Further, the lubricating oil ‘located on the downstream side of the highest position of the lubricating oil flow path is naturally dropped and recovered in the lubricating oil flow path to the lubricating oil storage space. In the above invention, it is preferable that at the highest position of the lubricating oil flow path, -6 - 1354063 is provided with a vent which can communicate with the atmosphere during the recovery of the lubricating oil, so that the lubricating oil is recovered in the lubricating oil flow path. The lubricating oil is separated on the upstream side and the downstream side by the most ¥ position of the lubricating oil flow path, and is smoothly recovered through the lubricating oil return flow path and the lubricating oil flow path. According to the wind power generator of the present invention, since the lubricating oil can be recovered from the lubricating oil flow path of the lubricating oil system when the lubricating oil pump is stopped, the lubricating oil pipe can be completely stopped using the heater even if it is installed in a cold zone, or It can reduce the heating of the heater to the minimum demand. As a result, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the energy consumed by the heating of the lubricating oil remaining portion during the power failure or when the wind power generator is stopped. That is, it is possible to provide a wind power generation apparatus having a low operating cost. Further, when the lubricating oil pump is started, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an unfavorable situation such as a pump disconnection due to the residual lubricating oil having an increased flow viscosity. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly reliable wind power generating apparatus and further provide a wind power generating apparatus having a high rate of utilization. [Embodiment] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an embodiment of a wind power generator according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 . The wind turbine generator 1 shown in Fig. 3 has: a pillar (also referred to as a "tower") 2 that is erected on the foundation B; an engine compartment 3 that is disposed at an upper end of the pillar 2; and is supported to be rotatable substantially horizontally The rotor head 4 of the engine compartment 3 is rotated around the axis. The rotor head 4 is mounted with a plurality of 1,354,063 (e.g., three) windmill rotor blades 5 that are radially around the axis of rotation thereof. Thereby, the wind force that hits the wind turbine rotor blade 5 from the rotation axis direction of the rotor head 4 can be converted into the power for rotating the rotor head 4 around the rotation axis. Further, the above-described wind power generator 1 is provided with A speed increaser or generator of the drive train can be formed inside the engine compartment 3. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the drive system of the wind turbine generator 1 includes a speed increaser 11 or a generator (not shown) that is coupled to a main shaft 1 that is rotatable with the rotor head 4. This drive system drives the generator by the rotation of the speed-increasing machine 1 to accelerate the rotation of the rotor head 4, thereby generating power of the generator. The wind power generator 1 described above is provided with a lubrication system that can supply lubricating oil to a sliding portion such as a drive train. In the following, a lubricating system for lubricating the sliding portion will be described as an example, and a configuration example of a lubricating oil supply system that can supply lubricating oil to the speed increaser and the main bearing 12 for supporting the main shaft 10 will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 . Fig. 1 is a flow direction of lubricating oil indicated by an arrow symbol in a lubricating oil flow state (lubricating oil flow path) during lubricating oil recovery, and Fig. 2 is a lubricating oil flow state (lubricating oil flow path) indicated by an arrow symbol in normal operation. Lubricating oil flow direction. Further, the opening and closing state of each valve is a closed state in black. First, the lubrication system 20 of the main bearing 12 will be described. In the lubrication system 20, the lubricating oil L in the lubricating oil storage tank (lubricating oil storage space) 21 can be circulated through the lubricating oil pipe (lubricating oil flow path) 23 connected to the lubricating oil pump 22, thereby supplying the lubricating oil L. Lubricate the main bearing .12 connected to the lubricating oil pipe 23. In addition, the main bearing 12 is -8 - 1354063. The slipped lubricating oil L is recovered to the lubricating oil storage tank 21. Further, in the illustrated lubricating oil system 20, an oil cooler 24 is provided between the lubricating oil pump 22 and the main bearing 12 in order to prevent the temperature of the circulating lubricating oil L from rising. Next, the illustrated lubricating oil system 20 is provided with a lubricating oil recovery system that is formed when the lubricating oil pump 22 is stopped, and the lubricating oil L is naturally dropped and recovered into the lubricating oil storage tank 21. The lubricating oil recovery system is configured to include a check valve 25 disposed at a low position on the discharge side of the lubricating oil pipe 23, and a lubricating oil that is directly branched from the downstream side of the check valve 25 and connected to the lubricating oil storage tank 21 The oil pipe (flow path) 2 6 ; and the automatic opening and closing valve 27 that is opened when the lubricating oil return pipe 26 is closed during normal operation and is opened at the time of lubricating oil recovery. In this case, the lubricating oil storage tank 21 and the lubricating oil pump 22 are located at the lowest position in the up and down direction. In addition, the above-described lubricating oil system 20 is at the highest position of the lubricating oil pipe 23 for forming the lubricating oil flow path, and includes a vent port 28 that can communicate with the atmosphere during the recovery of the lubricating oil. The automatic opening and closing valve 29 that is opened during the recovery of the lubricating oil while being closed during normal operation is installed in the lubricating oil system 20 and is taken out from the outlet portion of the oil cooler 24 provided at the highest position. Further, all of the above-described automatic on-off valves 27 and 29 are fully closed at the time of normal operation, and are automatically opened and closed when the lubricating oil is recovered, and a diaphragm valve using a pressure difference of the fluid lubricating oil can be appropriately selected and used, for example. Or the valve that is automatically opened when the power is turned off, and the valve that is opened or closed by the emergency power supply is known to open the valve 9-9354063. In addition, although the lubricating oil system 20 shown in the figure is provided with the oil cooling genus 24 for cooling the lubricating oil, the inlet pipe portion on the upstream side of the oil cooler 24 is provided with the reverse of the lubricating oil pipe 23 The cooler of the valve 30 bypasses the piping (flow path) 31. The cooler bypass fitting 31 is connected to the lubricating oil storage tank 21 via a lubricating oil pipe 23. In the lubricating oil system 20 having the above configuration, when the normal φ rotation is shown in Fig. 2, the lubricating oil pump 22 is operated by the lubricating oil pump 22 to form the lubricating oil L in the lubricating oil storage tank 21 through the lubricating oil pipe 23 as indicated by an arrow in the figure. In the circulation, the lubricating oil L in the lubricating oil storage tank 21 is pressurized by the lubricating oil pump and flows out to the lubricating oil pipe 23. This lubricating oil L rises in the lubricating oil pipe 23 through the check valve and flows into the oil cooler 24. At this time, since the automatic closing valve 27 is closed, the total amount of the lubricating oil L passing through the branching point A is guided to the oil cooler 24. • In addition, the check valve 30 is also closed by the spring thrust provided inside, so that the full amount of the lubricating oil L passing through the branch point B is guided to the oil cooler 24. However, if the filter clogging of the oil cooler 24 increases the resistance of the flow path, the pressure of the lubricating oil L rises to make the check valve 30 open, so that the lubricating oil L can pass through the common cooler next to the oil cooler 24 The wild pipe 31 is supplied to the main bearing 12. The lubricating oil L that has passed through the oil cooler 24 is cooled by heat to the outside air. In addition, the automatic opening and closing valve 29 provided in the tube which is branched from the branching point C is in the fully closed state, so that the lubricating oil l LP is stopped and the running ring 22 25 is the replacement of the bomb. 10- 23 1354063 • Does not flow out of the piping path through the vent 28 . The lubricating oil L cooled by the oil cooler 24 is supplied to the main bearing 12 through the lubricating oil flow path. This lubricating oil L is returned to the lubricating oil storage tank 21 through the lubricating oil flow path 23 after lubricating the portion to be lubricated. Further, since the check valve 30 is in the fully closed state, the total amount of the lubricating oil L passing through the branching point is supplied to the main bearing 12. However, if the filter of the oil cooling 24 is clogged and the flow path resistance is increased, the pressure φ of the lubricating oil L can make the check valve 30 open, so that the lubricating oil L can pass through the common cooler next to the cooler 24 After the supply pipe 31 is supplied to the main bearing 12, the lubricating oil L is circulated in the lubricating oil distribution 23 via the same path, and the lubrication of the main bearing 12 is continuously performed. Next, when the wind power installation 1 is stopped due to a power failure or a predetermined strong wind or the like, the operation of the lubricating oil pump 22 is also stopped. In this case, when the lubricating oil pump 22 is stopped, the lubricating oil remaining in the lubricating oil pipe 2 3 is recovered in the lubricating oil storage tank 21, and the lubricating oil L φ dynamic viscosity in the cold zone is prevented from rising. When the lubricating oil is recovered, as shown in Fig. 1, the lubricating oil pump 22 is stopped, and the automatic opening and closing valves 27 and 29 are fully opened. As a result, the branching point C of the lubricating oil pipe 23 passes through the vent port 28 to be in an atmosphere communication state. Therefore, the lubricating oil L remaining in the lubricating oil pipe 23 from the branching point C becomes the lubricating oil returning flow in which the automatic opening and closing valve 27 is in the open state after the branching point A is lowered to the low position by gravity. The road 26 is recovered to the lubricating oil storage tank 21. On the other hand, 'self-dividing point C becomes the main bearing 12 side remaining on the wet position D. The oil flow is set to the side of the L-flow. -11 - 1354063 The lubricating oil L in the oil pipe 23 is passed through the low position. The branch point D and the main bearing 12 are freely dropped and recovered to the lubricating oil storage tank 21. Next, the lubrication system 20A for the speed increase 撵11 will be described. This lubrication system 20A uses the sleeve 11a of the speed increaser 11 as its lubricating oil reservoir 21A. In other words, the lubricating oil L stored at the bottom of the sleeve 11a is supplied to the sliding portion of the speed increaser 11 through the lubricating oil pipe 23A connected to the lubricating oil pump 22A, and the portion of the gearbox 11 that needs lubrication is lubricated and recovered to the sleeve. The lubricating oil storage tank 21A at the bottom. Further, in the lubricating oil system 20A of this state, an oil cooler 24A is provided between the lubricating oil pump 22 and the speed increaser 11 in order to prevent the temperature of the lubricating oil L from rising. Next, the illustrated lubricating oil system 20A is provided with a lubricating oil recovery system that is formed when the lubricating oil pump 22A is stopped, and the lubricating oil L is naturally dropped and recovered into the lubricating oil storage tank 21A. The lubricating oil recovery system is configured to include a check valve 25A disposed at a low position on the discharge side of the lubricating oil pipe 23A, and a lubricating oil connected directly from the downstream side of the check valve 25A to the lubricating oil storage tank 21A. The oil return pipe 26A; and the automatic opening and closing valve 27A that is opened when the lubricating oil return pipe 26A is closed during normal operation and is opened at the time of lubricating oil recovery. In this case, the lubricating oil storage tank 21A is at the lowest position in the vertical direction. Further, the lubricating oil system 20A described above is provided with a vent port 28A at the highest position of the lubricating oil pipe 23A. In this case, the vent port 28A is provided with an automatic opening -12-1354063 valve 29A that is opened during normal operation and closed at the time of lubricating oil recovery, and is installed in the lubricating oil system 20A from the installed oil cooler 24A outlet piping portion. Split it out. In addition, the above-mentioned automatic opening and closing valves 2, Α and ΜΑ are all in a fully closed state, and automatically become a fully open and close valve when the lubricating oil is recovered. Further, the illustrated lubricating oil system 20A is provided with a lubricant: The cooler 24A is provided with a cooler bypass pipe 31A provided at the same time as the oil cooler 24A is branched from the lubricating oil pipe 23A. The cooler bypass pipe 31 is connected to the lubricating oil storage tank 21A. In the lubricating oil system 20A configured as described above, the lubricating oil L of the lubricating oil reservoir 1 is pressurized by the lubricating oil pump 22A and circulated through the lubricating oil g by the operation of the lubricating oil 22A. This lubricating oil L is pushed open into the oil cooler 24A through the piping 23A on the check valve 25A. At this time, since the automatic opening and closing is closed, the total amount of the lubricating oil L passing through the branching point E is guided 24A. Further, the check valve 30A is also closed by the setting of the spring thrust, and therefore is guided to the oil cooler 24A by the lubrication of the branch point F. The lubricating oil L that has passed through the oil cooler 24A is cooled via the outside. Further, in the normal operation, the automatic opening and closing valve 29A provided from the branching point G is in the fully closed state, and therefore does not flow out of the piping path through the vent port 28A. The known lubricating oil L cooling inlet piping portion check valve 30A A that is normally operated at the highest position is in the normal operation of the normal operation I tank 21A. The β tube 23A is lifted at the lubricating oil valve 27 7 A to the oil cooling. The lubricating oil L, which is exhausted by the heat exchange of the gas, is supplied to the speed increaser 11 through the lubricating oil flow path 23A. 13- 1354063 The lubricating oil L' cooled by the oil cooler 24A is supplied to the speed increaser 11. This lubricating oil L is returned to the lubricating oil storage tank 21A through the run #oil flow path 23 after the speed increaser 11 lubricates the portion to be lubricated. At this time, since the check valve 30A is in the fully closed state, the full amount of the lubricating oil L passing through the branching point is supplied to the speed increaser 11. In the case of the check valve 30 in this case, when the flow path resistance increases due to clogging of the filter of the oil cooler 24, the pressure of the lubricating oil L rises to the open state, so that the lubricating oil L can pass through the oil cooler 24 A side-by-side cooler bypass pipe 31 is supplied to the speed increaser 1 1 . Hereinafter, the lubricating oil L is circulated through the lubricating oil pipe 23Α via the same path, and the lubrication of the speed increasing machine 1 1 is continuously performed. Next, when the lubricating oil pump 22 is stopped in the operation of the lubricating oil, as shown in Fig. 1, the lubricating oil pump 22 is stopped, and the automatic opening and closing valves 27A and 29A are fully opened. As a result, the branching point G of the lubricating oil pipe 23A is in an atmosphere communication state through the vent port 28A. Therefore, the self-dividing point g becomes the lubricating oil l remaining in the lubricating oil pipe 2 3 A on the lubricating oil pump 2 2 A side, and the gravity is utilized.
自由落下至低位置的分岐點E之後，流入自動開閉閥27A 爲開狀態的潤滑油回油流路26A回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21A 〇 另一方面’自分岐點G成爲增速機η側殘留在潤滑 油配管23A內的潤滑油L是通過低位置的分岐點η及增 速機11自由落下回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21Αβ 如上述，本發明的風力發電裝置1，具備有可使潤滑 -14- 1354063 油儲藏槽21、21A內的潤滑油L透過連接在潤滑油泵22 、22A的潤滑油配管23、23A循環，將潤滑油L供應至連 接在潤滑油配管23、2 3A的主軸承12或增速機11的滑動 部進行潤滑的潤滑系統20、2 0A。After the branch point E is dropped to the low position, the lubricating oil return flow path 26A that has been opened to the automatic opening and closing valve 27A is returned to the lubricating oil storage tank 21A. On the other hand, the self-dividing point G becomes the speed increaser η side. The lubricating oil L in the lubricating oil pipe 23A is collected by the branching point η at the low position and the speed increaser 11 to be collected in the lubricating oil storage tank 21 Αβ. As described above, the wind power generator 1 of the present invention is provided with the lubricant-14 - 1354063 The lubricating oil L in the oil storage tanks 21, 21A is circulated through the lubricating oil pipes 23, 23A connected to the lubricating oil pumps 22, 22A, and the lubricating oil L is supplied to the main bearing 12 connected to the lubricating oil pipes 23, 23A or The lubricating system 20, 20A, which lubricates the sliding portion of the speed increaser 11.
接著，該潤滑系統20、2 0A，具備有在潤滑油泵22、 22A停止時形成的潤滑油回收系統。該潤滑油回收系統， 可使通過潤滑油配管23、23A及潤滑油回油配管26、26ANext, the lubrication systems 20 and 20A are provided with a lubricating oil recovery system formed when the lubricating oil pumps 22 and 22A are stopped. The lubricating oil recovery system can pass the lubricating oil piping 23, 23A and the lubricating oil return piping 26, 26A
形成爲自然落下的潤滑油L回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21、21A 〇 因此，潤滑系統20、20 A，於停電時或風力發電裝置 1停止時潤滑油泵22、22 A運轉停止的潤滑油回收時，可 使潤滑油配管23、23A內沒有潤滑油殘留。 即，於潤滑油回收時，打開潤滑油回油流路26、26A 的自動開閉閥27A、29A形成潤滑油回收系統，因此在潤 滑油配管23、23A的吐出側比逆止閥25、25A還位於高 處，比潤滑油配管23、23A最高位置的分岐點C、G還上 游側的殘留潤滑油L會因重力自然落下，通過潤滑油回油 流路26、2 6A回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21、21A。另一方面， 位於比潤滑油配管23、23A最高位置的分岐點C、G還下 游側的殘留潤滑油L，就會直接自然落下在潤滑油配管23 、23A回收至潤滑油儲藏槽21、21A。The lubricating oil L formed to be naturally dropped is recovered to the lubricating oil storage tanks 21, 21A. Therefore, the lubricating systems 20, 20A are recovered during the power failure or when the lubricating oil pumps 22, 22A stop operating when the wind power generator 1 is stopped. In the lubricating oil piping 23, 23A, no lubricating oil remains. In other words, when the lubricating oil is recovered, the automatic opening and closing valves 27A and 29A that open the lubricating oil return passages 26 and 26A form the lubricating oil recovery system. Therefore, the discharge sides of the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23A are larger than the check valves 25 and 25A. At the high point, the residual lubricating oil L on the upstream side of the branching points C and G at the highest position of the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23A is naturally dropped by gravity, and is recovered to the lubricating oil storage tank through the lubricating oil return flow path 26 and 26A. 21, 21A. On the other hand, the residual lubricating oil L located on the downstream side of the branching points C and G at the highest positions of the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23A is naturally dropped and collected in the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23A to the lubricating oil storage tanks 21 and 21A. .
此外，在形成潤滑油配管23、23 A最高位置的分岐點 C、G設置通氣口 28、28A’於潤滑油回收時和大氣連通 ，藉此使潤滑油回收時潤滑油配管23、23 A內的潤滑油L •15- 1354063 以潤滑油配管23、23A的最高位置爲邊界迅速分離在上游 側及下游側。其結果，可使明確分離後的潤滑油L分別通 過潤滑油回油流路26、26A及謌滑油配管23、23A順利 回收。 如上述，根據上述本發明的風力發電裝置1時，可在 潤滑油泵22、2 2A停止時從潤滑油系統20、20A的潤滑 油配管23、23 A確實回收潤滑油L，因此即使是設置在擔 φ 心潤滑油L流動黏度上昇的寒冷地帶也能夠完全停止使用 加熱器對潤滑油配管23、23 A加熱，或者是，能夠讓加熱 器加熱處削減成最小需求。 附帶說明，圖示的構成例中，在比逆止閥25、25 A還 下游側的潤滑油配管23、23A不會有潤滑油L殘留，因此 該區間不需設置加熱器進行加熱。 其結果，在停電時或風力發電裝置停止時，就能夠降 低或消除潤滑油殘留部加熱消耗的能源。 φ 此外，於潤滑油泵21、21A啓動時，不需要處理流動 黏度上昇的潤滑油L，因此能夠防止泵斷路等不利狀況產 生，能夠提昇極寒狀態的風車啓動可靠性。 又，上述的實施形態，設有油冷卻器24、24A和通氣 口 28、28A及冷卻器旁通配管31、3 1A，但該等並非必須 構成要素，只要根據需求適宜設置即可。 此外，針對具備有自動開閉閥27、27 A的潤滑油回油 配管26、26A，上述的實施形態是具備有1支，但爲了完 全消除殘留的潤滑油L，也可根據潤滑油配管23、23 A高 -16- 1354063 低變化的數量加以適宜變更。 另外，上述的實施形態是應用在主軸承12及增速機 11的潤滑系統20、2 0A，但理所當然還可應用在設置於寒 冷地帶的風力發電裝置1以外的其他滑動部潤滑用的潤滑 系統。 另，本發明並不限於上述的實施形態，在不脫離發明 主旨的範圍內是可進行適宜變更。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖爲表示本發明相關風力發電裝置之一實施形態 潤滑油供應系統的圖，表示潤滑油回收時的狀態。 第2圖爲表示本發明祖關風力發電裝置之一實施形態 潤滑油供應系統的圖，表示平常運轉時的狀態。 第3圖爲表示本發明相關風力發電裝置全體構成例的 圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :風力發電裝置 3 :發動機艙 4 :旋翼頭 5 :風車翼 1 0 :主軸 Π :增速機 12 :主軸承 -17- 1354063Further, at the branch points C and G where the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23A are formed at the highest positions, the vent ports 28 and 28A' are provided to communicate with the atmosphere during the recovery of the lubricating oil, thereby lubricating the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23 A during the recovery of the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil L • 15 - 1354063 is quickly separated on the upstream side and the downstream side with the highest position of the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23A as a boundary. As a result, the lubricating oil L which has been clearly separated can be smoothly recovered through the lubricating oil return flow paths 26 and 26A and the slick oil pipes 23 and 23A, respectively. As described above, according to the wind power generator 1 of the present invention, the lubricating oil L can be reliably recovered from the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23 A of the lubricating oil systems 20 and 20A when the lubricating oil pumps 22 and 22A are stopped, so that even if it is installed It is also possible to completely stop the heating of the lubricating oil pipes 23, 23 A using the heater in the cold zone where the flow viscosity of the lubricating oil L is increased, or to reduce the heating of the heater to a minimum. Incidentally, in the configuration example shown in the figure, the lubricating oil pipes 23 and 23A on the downstream side of the check valves 25 and 25A do not have the lubricating oil L remaining. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a heater for heating in this section. As a result, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the energy consumed by the heating of the lubricating oil remaining portion during the power failure or when the wind power generator is stopped. In addition, when the lubricating oil pumps 21 and 21A are started, it is not necessary to handle the lubricating oil L having a high fluid viscosity. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an unfavorable situation such as a pump disconnection, and it is possible to improve the wind turbine starting reliability in an extremely cold state. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the oil coolers 24 and 24A and the vent ports 28 and 28A and the cooler bypass pipes 31 and 31A are provided. However, these components are not necessarily required, and may be provided as needed. In addition, the lubricating oil return pipes 26 and 26A including the automatic opening and closing valves 27 and 27 A are provided in the above-described embodiment. However, in order to completely eliminate the residual lubricating oil L, the lubricating oil piping 23 may be used. 23 A high-16- 1354063 The number of low variations is subject to change. Further, the above-described embodiment is applied to the lubrication systems 20 and 20A of the main bearing 12 and the speed increaser 11, but it is of course also applicable to a lubricating system for lubricating other sliding parts other than the wind power generator 1 installed in a cold zone. . The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view showing a lubricating oil supply system according to an embodiment of a wind power generator according to the present invention, showing a state at the time of lubricating oil recovery. Fig. 2 is a view showing a lubricating oil supply system according to an embodiment of the ceremonial wind power generator of the present invention, showing a state during normal operation. Fig. 3 is a view showing an example of the overall configuration of a wind power generator according to the present invention. [Explanation of main components] 1 : Wind turbine 3 : Engine compartment 4 : Rotor head 5 : Wind turbine wing 1 0 : Spindle Π : Speed increaser 12 : Main bearing -17- 1354063
20、20A :潤掉 2 1、2 1 A :潤掉 22、22 A :潤掉 2 3、2 3 A :潤押 24、 24 A :油片 25、 25 A :逆 il 2 6、2 6 A :潤押 27 ' 27A ' 29、 L :潤滑油 系統 油儲藏槽 油泵 油配管 卻器 閥 油回油管 29A :自動開閉閥20, 20A: Run off 2 1 , 2 1 A : Run off 22, 22 A : Run off 2 3, 2 3 A : Moisture 24, 24 A: Oil sheet 25, 25 A: Reverse il 2 6, 2 6 A : Moe 27 ' 27A ' 29, L : Lubricating oil system oil storage tank oil pump oil piping but valve oil return pipe 29A : automatic opening and closing valve
-18--18-