TWI336318B - Cement admixture, cement composition, mortar and concrete - Google Patents
Cement admixture, cement composition, mortar and concrete Download PDFInfo
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- TWI336318B TWI336318B TW94108257A TW94108257A TWI336318B TW I336318 B TWI336318 B TW I336318B TW 94108257 A TW94108257 A TW 94108257A TW 94108257 A TW94108257 A TW 94108257A TW I336318 B TWI336318 B TW I336318B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
- C04B40/0042—Powdery mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/02—Portland cement
- C04B7/04—Portland cement using raw materials containing gypsum, i.e. processes of the Mueller-Kuehne type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/26—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from raw materials containing flue dust, i.e. fly ash
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
丨1336318 (1) " 九、發明說明 * 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種水泥摻和物,一種水泥組成物’和 使用該水泥組成物的砂漿與混凝土。更特定言之,本發明 係有關一種水泥摻和物,其包含矽灰(silica fume )和經 篩分到20微米或更小的尺寸之飛灰(fly ash ),及一種 水泥組成物,其中係將該水泥摻和物添加到水泥中。另外 φ ,本發明係有關經由使用該水泥組成物而增強彎曲強度的 砂漿和混凝土》 【先前技術】 砂漿或混凝土的問題在於其彎曲強度基本上低於其壓 縮強度,且甚至於當壓縮強度增加時,彎曲強度沒有同等 增加。因此,基於彎曲強度而設計的路面,小樑,大樑’ 和許多種混凝土二次產品都易於造成過度調配的不經濟混 ^凝土調配。另外,爲了增加抗彎曲強度,要將元件的橫截 面增厚,或經由 PC鋼棒導入預應力(prestress )。於 Hume管件和類似者之中,係在混凝土中併入膨脹性材料 以導入化學應力或化學預應力,藉此增加彼等的外壓力強 度。 另一方面,矽灰具有高凝硬活性,且用爲強度增強劑 。另外,矽灰與相當大量的高性能減水劑之組合可增加砂 漿流度、混凝土坍度或坍流度,而促成易於製造具有低水 /黏合材料比之砂漿或混凝土。所以其常以摻和物形式用 -A - (2) 1336318 於高流性高強度砂漿或混凝土。》 飛灰爲含有尺寸爲100微米或更小的空心粒子之球形 粒狀煤灰’其係由粉煤燃燒熱發電廠以副產物形式獲得者 。飛灰可長期地反應以增進水密性,不過其具有低凝硬活 性,使得其常被用爲飛灰水泥。如在專利文件1中所示者 ,飛灰係經篩分到2 0微米或更小或1 0微米或更小的尺寸 ,藉以移除大中空粒子以提供良好的球形中空性粒子。由 Φ 於其球軸承功能,當其與高性能減水劑或特別是高性能 AE減水劑混配時,砂漿流度’混凝土坍度或坍流度會增 加而展現強黏性。另外,已知即使流度或坍度相同,減水 所增加的強度會超過沒有摻和經篩分的飛灰之砂漿或混凝 土的情況。 此外,例如在專利文件2中所示者,常將石膏以高強 度摻和物形式使用,不論是否有實施蒸汽固化,而且也已 知石膏與矽灰的組合可提供更高的強度和耐久性。丨1336318 (1) " EMBODIMENT DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a cement admixture, a cement composition' and mortar and concrete using the cement composition. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cement admixture comprising silica fume and fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns or less, and a cement composition, wherein The cement admixture is added to the cement. In addition, φ, the present invention relates to mortar and concrete for enhancing bending strength by using the cement composition. [Prior Art] The problem of mortar or concrete is that its bending strength is substantially lower than its compressive strength, and even when the compressive strength is increased When the bending strength is not increased by the same amount. Therefore, pavements designed based on bending strength, girders, girders' and many types of concrete secondary products are prone to over-provisioning of uneconomical blending. In addition, in order to increase the bending strength, the cross section of the element is thickened or prestressed via a PC steel bar. Among the Hume fittings and the like, intumescent materials are incorporated into the concrete to introduce chemical stress or chemical pre-stress, thereby increasing their external pressure strength. On the other hand, ash has a high condensing activity and is used as a strength enhancer. In addition, the combination of ash and a significant amount of high performance water reducer can increase mortar fluidity, concrete twist or turbulence, and facilitate the manufacture of mortar or concrete having a low water/bond ratio. Therefore, it is often used in the form of admixture -A - (2) 1336318 in high-flow high-strength mortar or concrete. Fly ash is a spherical granular coal ash containing hollow particles having a size of 100 μm or less, which is obtained as a by-product from a pulverized coal combustion thermal power plant. Fly ash can react for a long time to enhance water tightness, but it has low solidification activity, making it often used as fly ash cement. As shown in Patent Document 1, the fly ash is sieved to a size of 20 μm or less or 10 μm or less to remove large hollow particles to provide good spherical hollow particles. By Φ in its ball bearing function, when it is mixed with a high performance water reducing agent or especially a high performance AE water reducing agent, the mortar fluidity concrete turbidity or turbulence will increase to exhibit strong viscosity. Further, it is known that even if the fluidity or the twist is the same, the increased strength of the water reduction exceeds the case where the mortar or concrete of the sieved fly ash is not blended. Further, for example, as shown in Patent Document 2, gypsum is often used in the form of a high-strength blend, whether or not steam curing is carried out, and it is also known that a combination of gypsum and ash can provide higher strength and durability. .
再者,如專利文件3中所示者,傳統方法中有一種添Furthermore, as shown in Patent Document 3, there is an addition to the conventional method.
加金屬纖維作爲增進彎曲強度或韌性之方法。也已知的是 ,經由在水泥中添加矽灰和針狀或平細粒子並將最大骨材 尺寸限制到較小値,可以達到使用金屬纖維之韌性改良。 專利文件1 : JP 63 — 8248AMetal fibers are added as a means of improving bending strength or toughness. It is also known that the toughness improvement using metal fibers can be achieved by adding ash and needle or flat particles to the cement and limiting the maximum aggregate size to a smaller enthalpy. Patent Document 1: JP 63 — 8248A
專利文件2 : JP 3 - 40947APatent Document 2: JP 3 - 40947A
專利文件 3: JP 11-246255A 不過,一種其中只摻合矽灰的通用技術可增加混凝土 的壓縮強度,但其有一項問題,亦即混凝土會變脆且其彎 -5- (3) 1336318 曲強度對壓縮強度比例低於沒有摻和矽灰之情況。另外, 如專利文件1中所示者,由於經篩分到20微米或更小者 或10微米或更小的尺寸之飛灰原本就具有低凝硬活性, 其強度會經由減水而增加。不過,即使實施蒸汽固化,其 強度增量在短期內,相對於沒有將經篩分飛灰於相同的低 水/黏合材料比例下摻和之情況,也幾乎不增加。 此外’如在專利文件2中所示者,單獨使用石膏或與 φ 矽灰組合’都容易展現高強度,且也可針對壓縮強度的增 加而增加彎曲強度。不過,仍有問題存在,亦即,其比例 不比習用混凝土好。如專利文件3中所示者,相對於在混 凝土混合工廠或混凝土產品工廠中所用的細骨材或砂漿或 混凝土爲5毫米或更小,於使用金屬纖維強化的方法中, 將最大骨材尺寸限制到2毫米或更小,或1毫米或更小, 已成爲不可或缺的要件。因此,此方法具有不能廣泛採用 之問題。Patent Document 3: JP 11-246255A However, a general technique in which only ash is blended can increase the compressive strength of concrete, but it has a problem that the concrete becomes brittle and its bend is -5- (3) 1336318 The ratio of strength to compression strength is lower than that without blending ash. Further, as shown in Patent Document 1, since fly ash sized to a size of 20 μm or less or 10 μm or less originally has low condensing hard activity, its strength is increased by water reduction. However, even if steam curing is carried out, the strength increase is hardly increased in the short term relative to the case where the sieved fly ash is not blended at the same low water/adhesive material ratio. Further, as shown in Patent Document 2, the use of gypsum alone or in combination with φ ash ash is easy to exhibit high strength, and the bending strength can also be increased for an increase in compressive strength. However, there are still problems, that is, the proportion is not better than that of conventional concrete. As shown in Patent Document 3, the maximum aggregate size is 5 mm or less compared to the fine aggregate or mortar or concrete used in concrete mixing plants or concrete product factories. Limiting to 2 mm or less, or 1 mm or less, has become an indispensable element. Therefore, this method has a problem that it cannot be widely adopted.
【發明內容】 (本發明要解決的問題) 本發明係經硏究以解決前述習用技術中的問題,且本 發明的一項目的爲提供壓縮強度和彎曲強度之絕對値及彎 曲強度對壓縮強度比例値都有增加的砂漿或混凝土。 本發明的另一目的爲提供一種水泥摻和物以實現上述 的砂漿或混凝土,及使用該水泥摻和物之水泥組成物。 本發明的又另一項目的爲提供由上述砂漿或混凝土所 -6- (4) 1336318 製得之水泥硬化產物。 , [解決問題之手段] 現已發現經由使用迄今已知的矽灰,經篩分到2 0微 米或更小的尺寸之飛灰,和石膏,不是單獨而爲組合使用 者,相對於每一種單獨使用的情況,可以協同地增加彎曲 強度及彎曲強度對壓縮強度的比例。另外,經發現的事實 φ 爲,既然基質砂漿或混凝土本身的彎曲強度可獲得增加, 則即使使用普通可取得的用於砂漿或混凝土之細骨材,同 時使用金屬纖維可大幅地增加彎曲強度,因而導致本發明 的完成。 特定言之,本發明係有關下述水泥摻和物,水泥組成 物,砂漿,混凝土,水泥硬化產物。 (1 ) 一種水泥摻和物,其包含矽灰和經篩分到20微 米或更小的尺寸之飛灰,其中該矽灰對經篩分飛灰的混合 %重量比例爲從95 : 5至10 : 90。 (2)根據上面第(1)項的水泥摻和物,其進一步包 括石膏。 (3 )—種水泥組成物,其包含其量爲1到3 5重量份 每100重量份的水泥之根據上面第(1)項之水泥摻和物 〇 (4)根據上面第(3)項之水泥組成物’其進一步包 含石膏,其量爲以無水基準計算時之〇.5至12重量份每 1 0 0重量份該水泥組成物。 (5) 1336318 (5)—種砂漿,其包含根罈上面第(3)或(4)項 之水泥組成物,細骨材,減水劑和捏合水。 (6 )根據上面第(5 )項之砂漿’其具有添加於其中 的金屬纖維,該金屬纖維的外添加量爲1.〇至6.0體積% 每立方米該砂漿。 (7) —種混凝土,其包含上面第(3)或(4)項之 水泥組成物,細骨材,粗骨材,減水劑和捏合水。 (8) 根據上面第(7)項之混凝土,其具有添加於其 中之金屬纖維,該金屬纖維的外添加量爲1.0至4.0體積 %每立方米該混凝土。 (9 )—種經由將上面第(5 )或(6 )項之砂漿硬化 所得水泥硬化產物。 (10)—種經由將上面第(7)或(8)項之混凝土硬 化所得之水泥硬化產物。 % [發明功效] 根據本發明,經捏合過的砂漿或混凝土所具流度値會 受到改良而得到良好的操作性。再者,所得砂漿和混凝土 具有高壓縮強度和彎曲強度絕對値,且可得到高的彎曲強 度相對於壓縮強度的比例。另外,倂入金屬纖維所得強化 作用可大幅地增加彎曲強度。此可促成在土木工程和建築 結構及混凝土二次產物的製造中既經濟且有利的設計。 (實施本發明之最佳方式) -8- (6) 1336318 下面要詳細說明本發明。於·本發明中用來指明調配比 例或量的份數和百分比都是以重量計算。不過,於金屬纖 維的情況中,彼等係以體積%每立方米的砂漿或混凝土之 單位表示外添加量。 本發明所用矽灰係在電爐中製造矽合金和氧化锆例如 金屬矽或鐵矽化物時以副產物形式得到者,且其係由具有 1微米或更小的尺寸之細球狀粒子所構成,主要成分爲具 Φ 有高反應性的非晶態二氧化矽。雖然壓縮強度會隨著所添 加之矽灰量的增加而增加,不過相對於沒有摻和矽灰的情 況,彎曲強度對壓縮強度的比例會減低。 如上面所述者,矽灰不僅是作爲強度增加劑而已。當 其以水泥爲基準約1 〇%之量與相當大量的高性能減水劑合 倂使用時,流動性會極劇增進。不過,其流動特性取決於 高性能減水劑的種類而改變,且矽灰與所謂稍高性能減水 劑例如以多烷基烯丙基磺酸酯爲基礎或以三聚氰胺-福馬 |林(formalin )樹脂磺醯酯爲基礎之減水劑的倂用時,會 顯示與糊狀物低流動値有關的高黏稠流動性。另一方面, 當將矽灰與會夾帶空氣的以聚羧酸酯爲基礎之所謂高性能 AE減水劑倂用時,流動性會以黏滯塑性狀態而非稍黏稠 狀態增加。在用鏟子翻轉中,前者產生厚重感而後者爲輕 感。因此,高性能AE減水劑和矽灰的組合系統僅在某些 情況中爲了泵取容易之理由而使用。 如上所述者’,飛灰是在粉煤-燃燒熱發電廠中以副產 物形式得到的煤灰,且爲與燃燒氣體從鍋爐氣體管道—起 -9- (7) (7)SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention has been made in an effort to solve the problems in the aforementioned conventional techniques, and an object of the present invention is to provide absolute strength and bending strength versus compressive strength of compressive strength and bending strength. Proportion 値 has increased mortar or concrete. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cement admixture to achieve the above-described mortar or concrete, and a cement composition using the cement admixture. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a cement hardened product obtained from the above mortar or concrete -6-(4) 1336318. [Means for Solving the Problem] It has been found that by using so-called ash as far as known, fly ash sized to a size of 20 μm or less, and gypsum, are not separate but combined users, with respect to each In the case of use alone, the ratio of bending strength and bending strength to compressive strength can be synergistically increased. In addition, the fact φ found is that since the bending strength of the matrix mortar or the concrete itself can be increased, even if a conventionally available fine aggregate for mortar or concrete is used, the use of the metal fiber can greatly increase the bending strength. This results in the completion of the present invention. In particular, the present invention relates to the following cement admixtures, cement compositions, mortars, concretes, cement hardened products. (1) A cement admixture comprising ash and fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns or less, wherein the proportion by weight of the ash to the sieved fly ash is from 95:5 to 10 : 90. (2) The cement admixture according to the above item (1), which further comprises gypsum. (3) a cement composition comprising the cement admixture according to the above item (1) in an amount of from 1 to 35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement (4) according to item (3) above The cement composition' further comprises gypsum in an amount of from 5 to 12 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the cement composition when calculated on an anhydrous basis. (5) 1336318 (5) A mortar comprising the cement composition of item (3) or (4) above the root altar, fine aggregate, water reducer and kneaded water. (6) The mortar according to the above item (5), which has a metal fiber added thereto, the metal fiber being externally added in an amount of from 1. to 6.0% by volume per cubic meter of the mortar. (7) A concrete comprising the cement composition of the above item (3) or (4), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water reducer and kneaded water. (8) The concrete according to the above item (7), which has a metal fiber added thereto, the metal fiber being externally added in an amount of from 1.0 to 4.0% by volume per cubic meter of the concrete. (9) A cement hardened product obtained by hardening the mortar of the above item (5) or (6). (10) A cement hardened product obtained by hardening the concrete of the above item (7) or (8). % [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, the fluidity of the kneaded mortar or concrete is improved to obtain good workability. Further, the obtained mortar and concrete have high compressive strength and bending strength, and a high ratio of bending strength to compressive strength can be obtained. In addition, the strengthening effect of the intrusion of the metal fibers can greatly increase the bending strength. This can result in an economical and advantageous design in the manufacture of civil engineering and building structures and concrete secondary products. (Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention) -8- (6) 1336318 The present invention will be described in detail below. The parts and percentages used in the present invention to indicate the ratio or amount of the formulation are by weight. However, in the case of metal fibers, they are expressed in units of mortar or concrete in volume % per cubic meter. The ash used in the present invention is obtained as a by-product in the production of a niobium alloy and a zirconia such as a metal ruthenium or a ferrite in an electric furnace, and is composed of fine spherical particles having a size of 1 μm or less. The main component is amorphous cerium oxide with high reactivity of Φ. Although the compressive strength increases as the amount of ash added increases, the ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength decreases with respect to the absence of ash. As described above, ash is not only used as a strength increasing agent. When it is used in an amount of about 1% by weight based on cement and is used in combination with a considerable amount of high-performance water reducing agent, the fluidity will increase dramatically. However, its flow characteristics vary depending on the type of high performance water reducer, and the soot is associated with a so-called slightly high performance water reducer such as polyalkylallyl sulfonate or melamine-formalin resin. When the sulfonate-based water reducing agent is used, it exhibits a high viscous fluidity associated with a low flow enthalpy of the paste. On the other hand, when the ash is used with a so-called high-performance AE water-reducing agent based on polycarboxylate which entrains air, the fluidity increases in a viscous plastic state rather than a slightly viscous state. In the shovel flip, the former produces a heavy feeling while the latter is light. Therefore, the combination of high performance AE water reducer and ash ash is only used in some cases for ease of pumping. As mentioned above, fly ash is a coal ash obtained as a by-product in a pulverized coal-fired thermal power plant, and is associated with combustion gases from the boiler gas pipeline -9- (7) (7)
1336318 丟棄出的球形粒狀殘渣,以粉塵.收集器回收所得者 ’飛灰係與水泥摻合,而以飛灰水泥之形式使用。 明中,不可或缺少的要件爲使用經篩分到20微米 的尺寸之飛灰,而未經篩分者則不能提供本發明的 有關市售篩分飛灰產品,有兩種類型,亦即,一是 到2 0微米或更小的尺寸者及一經篩分到1 〇微米或 尺寸者。 於本發明水泥摻和物中,矽灰對經篩分到20愣 更小的尺寸之飛灰的重量比例爲從95 : 5至10 : 90, 者從90: 10至15: 85,且更佳者從80: 20至70: 當篩分飛灰的比例小於5 %時,增加彎曲強度的效擇 。相反地,當篩分飛灰的比例超過90%時,增加彎由 的效應變小。雖然壓縮強度隨著篩分飛灰的調配比便 加而遞減不過,增加彎曲強度的效應在60 : 40附沾 ~峯値。 另一方面,砂漿流度,坍度或坍流渡(後文簡 流度”)也會隨著經篩分飛灰的調配比例之增加而增 且在矽灰/篩分飛灰比例爲50: 50附近具有一峯値。 篩分飛灰所致適度黏·度會抑制骨材的分離而使其即使 添加金屬纖維時也能容易地流動。 本發明摻和物的添加量較佳爲1至3 5份,更佳 至30份且特別較佳者3至25份每100份水泥。即使 和物係以超過3 5份的量添加,彎曲強度的增加仍只 該峯値,故此爲經濟上不利者。 •通常 >本發 更小 i點。 I鋪分 ΐ小的 交米或 較佳 30 ° ^變小 3強度 ϋ之增 ί具有 稱爲" r加, 由經 ί在有 i者2 [該摻 ,達到 -10- (8) 1336318 於本發明中,使用多種類型·的石膏例如二水合石膏, 半水合石膏,可溶性無水石膏(第Π1型)和不溶性無水 石膏(第Π型)。彼等之中,較佳者爲無水石膏和二水合 石膏。在將"矽灰與經篩分到20微米或更小尺寸的飛灰" 加到水泥時,壓縮強度會隨著經篩分到20微米或更小尺 寸的飛灰之調配比例的增加而減低。不過,石膏增加壓縮 強度的效應大於該項降低,故可同時增加壓縮強度和彎曲 φ 強度兩者的絕對値。石膏的添加量以無水基準計較佳爲 0.5至12份,更佳爲0.8至10份,且特別較佳爲1至8 份每100份水泥。即使石膏的添加量超過12份,也不能 得到使強度進一步增加之效果。 於本發明中,也倂用一需要量的高性能減水劑或高性 有g AE減水劑。高性能減水劑主要包括多烷基烯丙基磺酸 酯,芳族胺基磺酸酯及三聚氰胺-福馬林樹脂磺酸酯中任 何一者。此等可單獨地使用或以其二或更多者的組合使用 % 。該以多烷基烯丙基磺酸酯爲基礎的高性能減水劑包括甲 基奈擴酸-福馬林縮合物’蔡擴酸-福馬林縮合物與葱礦 酸-福馬林縮合物,且彼等的市售產物之典型例子包括 "FT — 500"(商品名)及其一系列由 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Κ· K.所製產品,"Mighty-100"(商品名,粉末),和 "Mighty-150”及其一系列由Kao Corporation所製產品;由 Daiich Kogyo Seiyaku Co·,Ltd.所製"Sel flow 110P"(商品 名,粉末);由 Takemoto Oil & Fat Co.,Ltd.所製 "Polfine 510N"(商品名);及由 Nippon Paper Industries -11 - (9) 13363181336318 Discarded spherical granulated residue, recovered by dust collector. The fly ash is blended with cement and used in the form of fly ash cement. In the Ming Dynasty, the indispensable element is the use of fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns, while the unscreened ones cannot provide the commercially available screened fly ash products of the present invention. There are two types, namely One is to a size of 20 microns or less and once sieved to 1 〇 micron or size. In the cement admixture of the present invention, the weight ratio of the ash to the fly ash sized to a size of 20 愣 is from 95:5 to 10:90, from 90:10 to 15:85, and more The best from 80: 20 to 70: When the proportion of sieved fly ash is less than 5%, increase the effect of bending strength. Conversely, when the proportion of the sieved fly ash exceeds 90%, the effect of increasing the bend is small. Although the compressive strength decreases with the blending ratio of the sieve fly ash, the effect of increasing the bending strength is 60:40. On the other hand, the mortar fluidity, twist or turbulent flow (the latter flow) will also increase with the proportion of the sieved fly ash, and the ratio of ash/screened fly ash is 50. : There is a peak in the vicinity of 50. The moderate viscosity due to the screening of fly ash inhibits the separation of the aggregate and allows it to flow easily even when metal fibers are added. The addition amount of the blend of the present invention is preferably 1 Up to 35 parts, more preferably 30 parts, and particularly preferably 3 to 25 parts per 100 parts of cement. Even if the added amount is more than 35 parts, the increase in bending strength is only the peak, so it is economical. On the unfavorable. • Usually > this hair is smaller i point. I shop is divided into small rice or better 30 ° ^ smaller 3 intensity increase ί has a name called "r plus, by ί in i 2 [This blending reaches -10 (8) 1336318 In the present invention, various types of gypsum such as gypsum dihydrate, hemihydrate gypsum, soluble anhydrite (type 1) and insoluble anhydrite (dijon) are used. Type). Among them, the preferred ones are anhydrite and dihydrate gypsum. In the "stained ash and sieved to 20 micro When the cement is added to the cement, the compressive strength is reduced as the blending ratio of the fly ash sieved to a size of 20 microns or less is reduced. However, the effect of increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum is greater than that. Since the term is lowered, the absolute enthalpy of both the compressive strength and the bending φ strength can be simultaneously increased. The amount of gypsum added is preferably from 0.5 to 12 parts, more preferably from 0.8 to 10 parts, and particularly preferably from 1 to 8 on a dry basis. For every 100 parts of cement, even if the amount of gypsum added exceeds 12 parts, the effect of further increasing the strength cannot be obtained. In the present invention, a required amount of a high performance water reducing agent or a high-quality g AE water reducing agent is also used. The high performance water reducing agent mainly comprises any one of polyalkyl allyl sulfonate, aromatic amine sulfonate and melamine-formalin resin sulfonate. These may be used alone or in two or more thereof. The combination of the use of the high-performance water-reducing agent based on polyalkylallyl sulfonate includes methyl naphtho-fumarine condensate 'cai extended acid-formalin condensate and onion acid-foma Forest condensates, and their commercial products Typical examples include "FT-500" (trade name) and a series of products made by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Κ·K., "Mighty-100" (trade name, powder), and "Mighty-150" A series of products manufactured by Kao Corporation; manufactured by Daiich Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. "Sel flow 110P" (trade name, powder); manufactured by Takemoto Oil & Fat Co., Ltd. "Polfine 510N" (trade name); and by Nippon Paper Industries -11 - (9) 1336318
Co·, Ltd.所製"Sunflow PS”(商品名)及其系列產品。以 芳族胺基磺酸酯爲基礎之高性能減水劑包括Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd·,所製"Paric FP200H"(商品名) 及其系列產品;且以三聚氰胺一甲醛樹脂磺酸酯爲基礎之 高性能減水劑包括Grace Chemicals K.K.所製"FT — 3S"( 商品名)。 高性能AE減水劑通常稱爲以聚羧酸酯爲基礎之減水 | 劑,及其含有不飽和殘酸單體作爲一種成分之共聚物或鹽 。其例子包括聚(伸烷基二醇)單丙烯酸酯,聚(伸烷基 二醇)單甲基丙烯酸酯,順丁烯二酸酐與苯乙烯的共聚物 ,丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物及由可與此等單體共 聚合的單體衍生出的共聚物。商業上可取得者爲NMB Co., Ltd.所製的"Rheobuild SP8N"(商品名)系列, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.所製的"paric FP 1 00S 和 300S"(商品名)系列:Takemoto oil & Fat Co‘,Ltd.所製 的 Chupol HP8 和 11 (商品名)系列;Grace chemicals K.K.所製的"Dar ex Super 100,200,300,和 1000”(商品名 )系列;及類似者。 本發明所用水泥可爲各種卜特蘭水泥(Portland cements)和各種摻合水泥或生態水泥(ecocements)中的 任何一者。也可以使用將任何量的彼等混合所得之水泥。 於本發明砂獎和混凝土的製造中,沒有任何特別限制 ’可以使用廣被使用的細骨材和粗骨材。另外,彼等可經 隨意地選擇’因爲不論水/黏合材料比例及細骨材比例爲 -12-Co., Ltd.'s "Sunflow PS" (trade name) and its series of products. The high performance water reducing agent based on aromatic amine sulfonate includes Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., manufactured by "Paric FP200H" (trade name) and its series of products; and high-performance water reducer based on melamine-formaldehyde resin sulfonate includes "FT-3S" (trade name) manufactured by Grace Chemicals KK. High-performance AE water reducer is usually It is called a polycarboxylate-based water-reducing agent, and a copolymer or salt thereof containing an unsaturated residual acid monomer as a component. Examples thereof include poly(alkylene glycol) monoacrylate, poly(stretch) Alkyl diol) monomethacrylate, copolymer of maleic anhydride and styrene, copolymer of acrylate or methacrylate, and copolymerization derived from monomers copolymerizable with such monomers Commercially available is the "Rheobuild SP8N" (trade name) series manufactured by NMB Co., Ltd., "paric FP 1 00S and 300S" (trade name) manufactured by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ) Series: Takemoto oil &am p; Chupol HP8 and 11 (trade name) series manufactured by Fat Co', Ltd.; "Dar ex Super 100, 200, 300, and 1000" (trade name) series manufactured by Grace chemicals KK; and the like . The cement used in the present invention may be any of various Portland cements and various blended cements or ecoecements. It is also possible to use cement obtained by mixing any amount of them. In the manufacture of sand prizes and concrete of the present invention, there is no particular limitation. It is possible to use fine aggregates and coarse aggregates which are widely used. In addition, they can be chosen arbitrarily because 'the ratio of water/adhesive material and the ratio of fine aggregate is -12-
I (10) 1336318 何,砂漿或混凝土的彎曲強度對.壓縮強度的比例和彼等的 彎曲強度絕對値都會增加之故。 再者,於本發明中,可以倂用金屬纖維。對於金屬纖 維也同樣地可以使用一般市售用於砂漿或混凝土之金屬纖 維,而非任何特別者。金屬纖維的外添加量爲1.0至6.0 體積%每立方米的砂漿或混凝土。不過,從增加彎曲強度 和可操作性的觀點來看,其最大添加量和較佳範圍都在砂 漿情況與混凝土情況之間各有不同。另外,其最大添加量 和較佳範圍也依混凝土的模塑方法例如振動模塑或離心模 塑而變異。I (10) 1336318He, the bending strength of mortar or concrete will increase the ratio of compressive strength and their bending strength. Further, in the present invention, metal fibers can be used. For metal fibers, it is equally possible to use metal fibers which are generally commercially available for mortar or concrete, and not any special one. The metal fiber is externally added in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0% by volume per cubic meter of mortar or concrete. However, from the viewpoint of increasing the bending strength and the operability, the maximum addition amount and the preferred range are different between the mortar condition and the concrete condition. Further, the maximum addition amount and preferred range are also varied depending on a molding method of concrete such as vibration molding or centrifugal molding.
於振動模塑的情況中,對於砂漿,低於2體積%會導 致彎曲強度的小幅增加。不過,當金屬纖維的添加量爲2 體積%或更高時,彎曲強度也會隨著所加金屬纖維的量之 增加而增加,且在5.5體積%或更高處達到峯値。超過6.0 體積%會導致流動困難而造成模塑失敗。因此,金屬纖維 的外添加量爲1 . 〇至6 · 0體積%,較佳者2.5至5.0體積% 。對於混凝土,係在〗.5體積%展現出效用,且超過4體 積%會導致不良的可操作性。因此,金屬纖維的外添加量 爲1.0至4.0體積%,較佳者1.5至3.5體積%。 於離心模塑物件中,對於砂漿和混凝土兩者,會在 1.0體積%的金屬纖維外添加量開始增加彎曲抗張強度。 於砂漿的情況中,從可操作性的觀點來看,較佳者爲5.0 體積%。對於混凝土,較佳者爲3 · 0體積%。爲了增進 Hume管件對抗外壓力的強度,經濟上較佳者爲將鋼纖維 -13- (11) 1336318 集中在管的內側以強化管厚度內約三分之二或更小之處。 對於添加本發明摻和物所用方法沒有任何特別的限制 。矽灰與經篩分到20微米或更小尺寸的飛灰之混合物, 或進一步混合石膏之混合物,可在捏合砂漿或混凝土時加 入。或者,可分開製備各成分,並與其他砂駿或混凝土材 料一起加到混合器內。對於捏合方法也沒有任何特別限制 ’且可以使用習用的捏合方法。此外,對於添加金屬纖維 φ 的方法也沒有任何特別限制。不過,較佳者爲在使用混合 器連續攪拌之下捏合砂漿或混凝土且同時對其添加金屬纖 維的方法,因爲如此一來就不太會形成纖維球。 此外,對於固化砂漿或混凝土所用方法也沒有任何特 別限制’可以採用標準固化,蒸汽固化與壓熱器固化。 【實施方式】 [實施例]In the case of vibration molding, less than 2% by volume for the mortar causes a small increase in the bending strength. However, when the amount of the metal fibers added is 2 vol% or more, the bending strength also increases as the amount of the added metal fibers increases, and the peak enthalpy is reached at 5.5% by volume or more. More than 6.0% by volume can cause flow difficulties and cause molding failure. Therefore, the external addition amount of the metal fiber is from 1 to 0.001% by volume, preferably from 2.5 to 5.0% by volume. For concrete, it exhibits utility at 5% by volume, and more than 4% by volume results in poor operability. Therefore, the external addition amount of the metal fiber is from 1.0 to 4.0% by volume, preferably from 1.5 to 3.5% by volume. In the centrifugally molded article, for both the mortar and the concrete, the amount of addition of the metal fiber at 1.0% by volume starts to increase the bending tensile strength. In the case of mortar, from the viewpoint of workability, it is preferably 5.0% by volume. For concrete, it is preferably 0.001% by volume. In order to increase the strength of the Hume pipe against external pressure, it is economically preferable to concentrate the steel fiber -13-(11) 1336318 on the inside of the pipe to reinforce the pipe thickness by about two-thirds or less. There is no particular limitation on the method of adding the blend of the present invention. A mixture of ash and fly ash sieved to a size of 20 microns or less, or a mixture of further mixed gypsum, may be added during kneading of mortar or concrete. Alternatively, the ingredients can be prepared separately and added to the mixer along with other sand or concrete materials. There is also no particular limitation on the kneading method' and a conventional kneading method can be used. Further, there is no particular limitation on the method of adding the metal fiber φ. However, it is preferred to knead the mortar or concrete under continuous stirring using a mixer while adding metal fibers thereto, since the fiber balls are less likely to be formed. In addition, there is no particular restriction on the method used to cure the mortar or concrete. Standard curing, steam curing and autoclave curing can be used. [Embodiment] [Embodiment]
在本發明實施例和比較例中使用的材料,其檢驗項目 和方法都集體顯示於下。 <所用材料> 水泥:由Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K.,所製的普通卜特 蘭水泥’密度:3.16克/立方厘米 細骨材:得自Hime River, Niigata,的河沙(5毫米或 更小者),密度:2.62克/立方厘米 粗骨材:得自 Hime River,Niigata,的碎石(5至13 -14- (12) 1336318 毫米),密度:2.64克/立方厘米 矽灰:得自Russia ’製成粒狀(稱爲SF ),密度: 2.44克/立方厘米 飛灰:Shikoku Electric Power Co.,Inc.所製,一爲經 篩分到20微米或更小的尺寸者(稱爲FA20),另一爲經 篩分到10微米或更小的尺寸者(稱爲FA10)及一未經篩 分的飛灰(稱爲FA),密度:2.44克/立方厘米 石膏:不溶性無水石膏(天然物,密度:2.82克/立 方厘米)和工業二水合石膏粉(密度:2.30克/立方厘米 金屬纖維:Tokyo Rope MFG. Co. Ltd.所製"Dipac", 鋼製品’寬度:0.9毫米,厚度·· 0.34毫米,長度·· 30毫 米,密度:8.00克/立方厘米 減水劑:Grace Chemicals K.K·,所製高性能AE減水 劑 WRA ( 1 ) » "Super 1 000N” ; Daiich Kogyo SeiyakuThe materials and methods used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are collectively shown below. <Materials used> Cement: Ordinary Putlan cement manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK 'Density: 3.16 g/cm 3 Fine aggregate: River sand (5 mm or less) from Hime River, Niigata )) Density: 2.62 g/cm3 Thick aggregate: Crushed stone from Hime River, Niigata, 5 to 13 -14- (12) 1336318 mm, density: 2.64 g/cm 3 Ash: Obtained from: Russia 'made granular (called SF), density: 2.44 g / cm 3 fly ash: made by Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc., one is sieved to a size of 20 microns or less (called FA20), the other is sieved to a size of 10 microns or less (called FA10) and an unscreened fly ash (called FA), density: 2.44 g / cubic centimeter gypsum: insoluble anhydrite (Natural material, density: 2.82 g/cm 3 ) and industrial dihydrate gypsum powder (density: 2.30 g/cm 3 metal fiber: "Dipac" made by Tokyo Rope MFG. Co. Ltd., steel product 'width: 0.9 Mm, thickness · · 0.34 mm, length · · 30 mm, density: 8.00 g / cm 3 Water reducing agent: Grace Chemicals K.K., high performance AE water reducing agent WRA ( 1 ) » "Super 1 000N" ; Daiich Kogyo Seiyaku
Co., Ltd.所製的高性能減水劑 WRA ( 2 ) » "Selflow 1 1 0 P ·,》 <檢驗項目及其方法> 砂漿流動之測量 根據JIS R 520 1測量拉上時的流度値。測量係在放置 於流動台上的50x50x2厘米亞克力(acrylic)玻璃板上進 行。 -15- (13) 1336318 砂漿強度之測量 彎曲強度係根據JI S R 5 2 0 1測量,而壓縮強度係使用 在一模子內模塑成直徑5厘米及長度1 0厘米的試片測量 混凝土流度之測量 根據JIS A 1 101測量拉上時混凝土的側向展布。 混凝土的彎曲強度和壓縮強度之測量 於外徑20厘米和長度30厘米的圓柱形模子內塡充 17.5公斤混凝土,且在起始速度1.5G下2分鐘,3G低速 下5分鐘’ 8G中間速度I下1分鐘,1 .5G中間速度II下 2分鐘及30G高速下3分鐘之條件下實施離心模塑。於固 化之後,測量外壓負載和發生碎裂時的管厚度以計算彎曲 拉力強度。於形成在三分之一內側部包含金屬纖維的砂漿 |時’係於模子內塡充12.5公斤的混凝土,接著在上述條 件下離心模塑’然後再塡充5公斤砂漿,接著施以相似的 離心模塑。 對於砂漿(或混凝土)的捏合,係將水泥,摻合物的 個別成分,細骨材(和粗骨材)乾混3 0秒,然後,加入 其中溶有減水劑的捏合水,接著在Omni-混合器內捏合3 分鐘。於要添加金屬纖維時,係在不停止攪拌之下,少許 地逐次加入金屬纖維’接著進一步捏合3分鐘 -16- (14) 1336318 [實施例1] · 砂漿 將1 0 0份水泥,1 0 0份細骨材,依表I所示個別摻合 量改變的砂灰和飛灰,及2 0份捏合水,其中有3份高性 能AE減水劑溶在2〇份水中,皆以捏合材料(水泥或水泥 +砂灰及/或飛灰)爲基準,加入捏合成砂黎。測量所得砂 獎的流度値,且將其結果示於表1之中》經由模塑此砂楽 ^ 所得試片事先靜置8小時,再以2 0 °C /小時之溫度增加速 率增高其溫度至80 °C。然後,將試片保持在此溫度5小時 ,關閉蒸汽閥以在蒸汽固化槽內慢慢冷卻該試片到隔天。 測量一曰齡的彎曲強度和壓縮強度,且其結果示於表1之 .中0 從表1可知,相對於沒有加入矽灰和飛灰的實驗1 一 1 ,在只加入矽灰的比較例實驗1 - 2中,流度値有增加, 可操作性獲得改良,且壓縮強度和彎曲強度也都有增加。 |不過,彎曲強度的增加相對於壓縮強度的增加係輕微者, 且彎曲強度對壓縮強度之比例係減低者》此外,於只加入 篩分飛灰的實驗1 - 1 4中,也觀察到流度値之改良,但壓 縮強度和彎曲強度幾乎沒有增加。相反地,於進一步摻入 矽灰和篩分飛灰的本發明實施例實驗1一 3至1_13及1 一 26至1— 30之中,顯示出流度値的增加。由此清楚可知, 雖然壓縮強度隨著矽灰比例的增加而遞減,不過彎曲強度 的增量變得顯著而且也增加彎曲強度對壓縮強度的比例。 其後,在矽灰/篩分飛灰比例爲60: 40時彎曲強度達到最 -.17- (17) 1336318 [實施例2] 砂漿 以在實施例1的實驗1 _ 1,1 相同的方式進行檢驗,不同處在於 型和添加量(每1 00份水泥)之石 中〇 表2顯示出該石膏可增強壓縮 Φ 其強度。於此實施例中,當石膏的 份每100份水泥之時,其效果即展 爲0.8份或更多,或1.0份或更多 但即使石膏的添加量超過1 2份, 強度之效用。其結果,顯然地,當 或更少,較佳者1至8份,每10 0 彎曲強度兩者的絕對値都獲得增進 -2,1-7 和 1— 14 中 進一步摻加表2所示類 膏。其結果示於表2之 強度和彎曲強度以增加 添加量爲0.5份或更多 現出。當石膏的添加量 時,效用變得更明顯。 也不能得到進一步增加 石膏的添加量爲10份 份水泥時,壓縮強度和High performance water reducer manufactured by Co., Ltd. WRA ( 2 ) » "Selflow 1 1 0 P ·,》 <Inspection items and methods> Measurement of mortar flow according to JIS R 520 1 Mobility. The measurement was performed on a 50 x 50 x 2 cm acrylic glass plate placed on a flow table. -15- (13) 1336318 Measurement of mortar strength Bending strength is measured according to JI SR 5 2 0 1 , and compressive strength is measured by using a test piece molded into a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 10 cm in a mold to measure concrete fluidity. The measurement is based on JIS A 1 101 measuring the lateral spread of the concrete when pulled up. The flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete are measured in a cylindrical mold with an outer diameter of 20 cm and a length of 30 cm and filled with 17.5 kg of concrete, and at a starting speed of 1.5 G for 2 minutes, and at a low speed of 3 G for 5 minutes ' 8 G intermediate speed I Centrifugal molding was carried out for 1 minute, 2 minutes at 1.55 intermediate speed II, and 3 minutes at 30G high speed. After the solidification, the external pressure load and the tube thickness at the time of chipping were measured to calculate the bending tensile strength. In the case of forming a mortar containing metal fibers in one third of the inner portion, it is filled with 12.5 kg of concrete in a mold, then centrifugally molded under the above conditions, and then filled with 5 kg of mortar, followed by a similar Centrifugal molding. For the kneading of mortar (or concrete), the cement, the individual components of the blend, the fine aggregate (and the coarse aggregate) are dry-blended for 30 seconds, and then added to the kneaded water in which the water reducing agent is dissolved, followed by Omni - Knead in the mixer for 3 minutes. When the metal fiber is to be added, the metal fiber is added a little bit without stopping the stirring, and then further kneaded for 3 minutes - 16 - (14) 1336318 [Example 1] · Mortar will be 100 parts of cement, 10 0 parts of fine aggregate, sand ash and fly ash with different blending amount shown in Table I, and 20 parts of kneaded water, of which 3 parts of high performance AE water reducing agent are dissolved in 2 parts of water, all of which are kneaded materials (Cement or cement + sand ash and / or fly ash) as a benchmark, add kneading sand. The fluidity 値 of the obtained sand prize was measured, and the results thereof are shown in Table 1. The test piece obtained by molding the sand mash was allowed to stand for 8 hours in advance, and then increased at a temperature increase rate of 20 ° C / hr. Temperature to 80 °C. Then, the test piece was kept at this temperature for 5 hours, and the steam valve was closed to slowly cool the test piece in the steam curing tank to the next day. The flexural strength and compressive strength at one age were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. 0 It can be seen from Table 1 that the comparative example in which only ash was added was compared with the experiment 1 to 1 in which no ash and fly ash were added. In Experiments 1-2, the mobility was increased, the operability was improved, and the compressive strength and bending strength were also increased. However, the increase in the bending strength is slightly lower than the increase in the compressive strength, and the ratio of the bending strength to the compressive strength is reduced. In addition, in the experiment 1 - 14 in which only the sieved fly ash is added, the flow is also observed. The improvement was improved, but the compressive strength and bending strength hardly increased. Conversely, in Experiments 1 - 3 to 1 - 13 and 1 - 26 to 1 - 30 of the present invention which further incorporated ash and sieve fly ash, an increase in fluidity enthalpy was exhibited. From this, it is clear that although the compressive strength decreases as the proportion of ash is increased, the increase in the bending strength becomes remarkable and the ratio of the bending strength to the compressive strength is also increased. Thereafter, the flexural strength reached a maximum of -17-(17) 1336318 at the ratio of ash/screening fly ash of 60:40 [Example 2] Mortar in the same manner as Experiment 1 _ 1,1 of Example 1. Inspected, the difference between the type and the added amount (per 100 parts of cement) in the stone 〇 Table 2 shows that the gypsum can enhance the compression Φ its strength. In this embodiment, when the gypsum portion is used per 100 parts of cement, the effect is 0.8 parts or more, or 1.0 part or more, but even if the amount of gypsum added exceeds 12 parts, the effect of strength is obtained. As a result, it is apparent that when or less, preferably from 1 to 8 parts, the absolute enthalpy of every 10 0 bending strength is improved -2, 1-7 and 1-4 are further blended as shown in Table 2. Cream. The results are shown in Table 2 for strength and flexural strength to increase the amount of addition by 0.5 parts or more. When the amount of gypsum is added, the utility becomes more apparent. Also can not be further increased. The amount of gypsum added is 10 parts of cement, the compressive strength and
-20- (18)1336318-20- (18) 1336318
[表 2]. 實驗 黏合材料類型 石膏摻合量(份數) 流度値 彎曲強度 壓縮強度 編號 無水石霄 二水合石膏 (毫米) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) 2-1 實驗1-1者 5.0 203 16.6 153 2-2 實驗1-2者 5.0 299 17.1 168 2-3 實驗1-14者 5.0 301 15.5 147 2-4 實驗1-7者 0.5 363 30.0 153 2-5 實驗1-7者 0.8 366 31.5 158 2-6 實驗1-7者 1.0 370 33.8 165 2-7 實驗1-7者 2.0 374 34.3 171 2-8 實驗1-7者 3.0 375 35.0 176 2-9 實驗1-7者 5.0 377 36.4 180 2-10 實驗1-7者 6.0 368 37.2 186 2-11 實驗1-7者 8.0 360 37.3 188 2-12 實驗1-7者 10.0 356 37.2 186 2-13 實驗1-7者 12.0 342 36.0 184 2-14 實驗1-7者 1.0 360 31.4 160 2-15 實驗1-7者 3.0 358 33.9 164 2-16 實驗1-7者 5.0 342 34.3 167 2-17 實驗1-7者 6.0 330 35.3 173 2-18 實驗1_7奢 8.0 321 35.6 174 2-19 實驗1-7者 10.0 308 35.7 172 -21 - (19) (19)1336318 [實施例3] · 摻和金屬纖維的砂漿 將金屬纖維與1立方米(空氣含量:4 % )實施例1之 實驗1 一 8的砂漿捏合,改變金屬纖維的添加量(對砂漿 外部添加),且經由傾注實施模塑形成試片。以與實施例 1中的相同方式,實施蒸汽固化’然後,以一日齡進行彎 曲強度檢驗。其結果示於表3之中。 自表3可知,金屬纖維可大巾gjt加砂漿咚彎_曲_強_^_, 但在1 . 5體積%量時完全沒有效用。金屬纖維係自2體積% 開始顯示明顯效應,且彎曲強度會隨著金屬纖維的添加量 之增加而增加。超過5.0體積%導致達到峰値,且0.5體 積%導致不良的操作性而劣化可形成性。於經由振動模塑 得到砂漿的情況中,顯然地,最佳範圍爲從2.5至5體積 〇/〇 〇[Table 2]. Experimental Adhesive Material Type Gypsum Blend (Parts) Fluidity 値 Bending Strength Compressive Strength No. Water Dendrobium Dihydrate Gypsum (mm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) 2-1 Experiment 1- 1 person 5.0 203 16.6 153 2-2 Experiment 1-2 person 5.0 299 17.1 168 2-3 Experiment 1-14 person 5.0 301 15.5 147 2-4 Experiment 1-7 person 0.5 363 30.0 153 2-5 Experiment 1-7 0.8 366 31.5 158 2-6 Experiment 1-7 1.0 370 33.8 165 2-7 Experiment 1-7 2.0 374 34.3 171 2-8 Experiment 1-7 3.0 375 35.0 176 2-9 Experiment 1-7 5.0 377 36.4 180 2-10 Experiment 1-7 6.0 368 37.2 186 2-11 Experiment 1-7 8.0 360 37.3 188 2-12 Experiment 1-7 10.0 356 37.2 186 2-13 Experiment 1-7 12.0 342 36.0 184 2-14 Experiment 1-7 1.0 360 31.4 160 2-15 Experiment 1-7 3.0 358 33.9 164 2-16 Experiment 1-7 5.0 342 34.3 167 2-17 Experiment 1-7 6.0 330 35.3 173 2- 18 Experiment 1_7 extravagance 8.0 321 35.6 174 2-19 Experiment 1-7 10.0 308 35.7 172 -21 - (19) (19) 1336318 [Example 3] · Mortar-mixed metal fiber mortar with metal fibers and 1 cubic meter ( Air content: 4%) Experiment of Example 1 The mortar of 1 to 8 was kneaded, the amount of addition of the metal fiber was changed (addition to the outside of the mortar), and molding was performed by pouring to form a test piece. Steam solidification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 and then, the bending strength test was conducted at one day old. The results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the metal fiber can be used as a large towel gjt with a mortar 咚 bend_曲_强_^_, but at 1.5% by volume, there is no effect at all. The metal fiber system showed a significant effect starting from 2% by volume, and the bending strength increased as the amount of metal fiber added increased. More than 5.0% by volume results in peaking, and 0.5% by volume results in poor workability and deteriorates formability. In the case of obtaining a mortar by vibration molding, it is apparent that the optimum range is from 2.5 to 5 volumes 〇/〇 〇
-22- (20)-22- (20)
實驗編號 ---_ [表 3]· 黏合材料類型 金屬纖維 彎曲強度 ----- (體積%) fN/mm ) 3>1 —者 0 28.9 _1-2 ~~者 1 .5 28.7 3-3 2.0 33.2 3-4 —者 2.5 42.4 -L'5 實驗1 _ 8 # 30 47.5 3-6 實驗I -R者 3.5 52.6 3-7 _實驗1 -8者· 4.0 58.0 3-8 _實驗1 - R者 4.5 62.4 3 - g _實驗1 -8者 5.0 · 65.8 3-10 實驗1 -8者 5.5 66.2 3-11 實驗1 - 8者 6.0 66.4 -3-12 實驗1 · 8者 6.5 不能模塑 [實施例4] 混凝土 爲得到總體積爲1立方米的混凝土,乃以實施例1的 實驗1_1至丨—14及實施例2的實驗2 — 5至2— 13等之 * 中的相同方式進行捏合,不同處在於粗骨材的添加量爲 9〇〇公斤/立方米每1立方米的混凝土,且將空氣含量調整 到2.5%,然後由其模塑出試片《於標準固化91天之後’ 測量壓縮強度和彎曲強度。其結果示於表4之中。 -23- (21) 1336318 從表4中明顯可知,其中只加入水泥和砂 材料的實驗4 - 2之混凝土,及只加入水泥和 實驗4 - 14之混凝土,其彎曲強度的增加率小 ,明顯地,有摻合矽灰和篩分飛灰兩者的混凝 驗4一 3至4一 13,在彎曲強度上顯示出明顯的 灰對篩分飛灰的比例爲95 : 5至10 : 90,且ί 1 0至20 : 8.0之時,尤其特別明顯。 於此證實同時使用石膏可增加壓縮強度和 如從實驗4— 15至4— 23明顯可知者。此外, 石膏的混凝土之情況中’類似於砂漿的情況者 添加量超過12份每1 00份水泥,也不能獲得 強度之效用。因此,石膏添加量爲10份或更 者爲從1至8份。 灰作爲黏合 篩分飛灰的 。另一方面 土,例如實 增加。當矽 #別爲90 : 彎曲強度, 於組合使用 ,即使石膏 進一步增加 少,且較佳Experiment No.---_ [Table 3]· Bonding material type Metal fiber bending strength-----(% by volume) fN/mm) 3>1 - 0 28.9 _1-2 ~~1.5 28.7 3- 3 2.0 33.2 3-4 — 2.5 2.52.4 -L'5 Experiment 1 _ 8 # 30 47.5 3-6 Experiment I -R 3.5 3.52.6 3-7 _Experiment 1 -8 · 4.0 58.0 3-8 _Experiment 1 - R. 4.5 62.4 3 - g _Experiment 1 -8. 5.0 · 65.8 3-10 Experiment 1 -8. 5.5 66.2 3-11 Experiment 1 - 8 6.0 66.4 -3-12 Experiment 1 · 8 6.5 Cannot be molded [ Example 4] Concrete was obtained by kneading in the same manner as in Experiments 1_1 to 14 of Example 1, and Experiments 2 - 5 to 2 - 13 of Example 2, etc., to obtain a concrete having a total volume of 1 m 3 . The difference is that the amount of coarse aggregate added is 9〇〇kg/m3 per 1m3 of concrete, and the air content is adjusted to 2.5%, and then the test piece is molded by the test piece “after 91 days of standard curing” The compressive strength and bending strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. -23- (21) 1336318 It is apparent from Table 4 that the concrete of the experiment 4-2 in which only cement and sand materials were added, and the concrete added only to the cement and the experiment 4-14, the increase rate of the bending strength was small, obviously Ground, there are coagulation tests for mixing both ash and sieve fly ash 4-13 to 4-13, showing a significant ash-to-screen fly ash ratio of 95:5 to 10:90 in flexural strength. And ί 1 0 to 20: 8.0, especially especially obvious. It was confirmed here that the simultaneous use of gypsum increased the compressive strength and was apparent from Experiments 4-15 to 4-23. In addition, in the case of concrete of gypsum, the amount of addition to the case of mortar is more than 12 parts per 100 parts of cement, and the effect of strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the amount of gypsum added is 10 parts or more, from 1 to 8 parts. Ash is used as a binder to screen fly ash. On the other hand, soil, for example, increases. When 矽# is 90: bending strength, used in combination, even if the gypsum is further increased less, and better
• -24- (22)1336318 m 43.• -24- (22)1336318 m 43.
實驗 編號 黏合材料類型 (包括石膏) 彎曲強度 (N/mm2) 壓縮強度 (N/mm2) 彎曲/壓縮 強度比例 4-1 實驗1 -1者 11.2 123 1/11.0 4-2 實驗1-2者 12.1 1 56 1/12.9 4-3 實驗1-3者 15.3 15 5 1/10.1 4-4 實驗1-4者 15.9 154 1/9.7 4-5 實驗1-5者 18.8 1 52 1/8.1 4-6 實驗1-6者 20.8 150 1/7.2 4-7 實驗1-7者 2 1.2 15 1 1/7.1 4-8 實驗1-8者 20.5 1 50 1/7.3 4-9 實驗1-9者 20.0 149 1/7.5 4-10 實驗1-10者 18.0 150 1/8.3 4-11 實驗1-1 1者 17.2 1 52 1/8.8 4-1 2 實驗1-12者 15.5 150 1/9.7 4-13 實驗1-13者 13.7 144 1/10.5 4-1 4 實驗1-14者 11.9 142 1/11.9 4-1 5 實驗2-5者 2 1.9 162 1/7.9 4-16 實驗2-6者 23.1 165 1/7.1 4-1 7 實驗2-7者 24.9 1 70 1/6.8 4-18 實驗2-8者 25.3 174 1/6.9 4-19 實驗2-9者 25.8 178 1/6.9 4-20 實驗2-10者 26.4 1 77 1/6.7 4-2 1 實驗2-1 1者 26.0 1 75 1 /6.7 4-22 實驗2_12者 25.9 1 76 1/6.8 4-23 實驗2-13者 25.0 1 73 1/6.9 -25- (23) (23)1336318 [實施例5] 倂用金屬纖維的混凝土 以表5中所示量(外添加到混凝土)的金屬纖維與1 立方米的實施例4實驗4 - 8的混凝土捏合1,並將混凝土 傾注於放在台式振動器上的模子內,同時將其輕微振動使 得金屬纖維不會發生分離,藉此模製出試片。以與實施例 1中的相同方式實施蒸汽固化,然後,進行1日齡的彎曲 強度檢驗。其結果示於表5之中。 如從表5可看出者,金屬纖維會增加混凝土的彎曲強 度,但在1.0體積%的量時根本不具效用。金屬纖維從1·5 體積%開始顯示明顯效應,且彎曲強度隨著金屬纖維添加 量之增加而增加。不過,其會逐漸達到峯値,且4.5體積 %導致不良的可操作性而造成模塑困難性》於經由振動模 塑獲得混凝土的情況中,顯然地,最佳範圍爲從2.0至 4.0體積%。Experiment number Adhesive material type (including gypsum) Bending strength (N/mm2) Compressive strength (N/mm2) Bending/compressive strength ratio 4-1 Experiment 1 -1 11.2 123 1/11.0 4-2 Experiment 1-2 12.1 1 56 1/12.9 4-3 Experiment 1-3. 15.3 15 5 1/10.1 4-4 Experiment 1-4. 15.9 154 1/9.7 4-5 Experiment 1-5. 18.8 1 52 1/8.1 4-6 Experiment 1-6 20.8 150 1/7.2 4-7 Experiment 1-7 2 1.2 15 1 1/7.1 4-8 Experiment 1-8 20.5 1 50 1/7.3 4-9 Experiment 1-9 20.0 149 1/ 7.5 4-10 Experiment 1-10 18.0 150 1/8.3 4-11 Experiment 1-1 1 17.2 1 52 1/8.8 4-1 2 Experiment 1-12 15.5 150 1/9.7 4-13 Experiment 1-13 13.7 144 1/10.5 4-1 4 Experiment 1-14 11.9 142 1/11.9 4-1 5 Experiment 2-5 2 1.9 162 1/7.9 4-16 Experiment 2-6 23.1 165 1/7.1 4- 1 7 Experiment 2-7 24.9 1 70 1/6.8 4-18 Experiment 2-8 25.3 174 1/6.9 4-19 Experiment 2-9 25.8 178 1/6.9 4-20 Experiment 2-10 26.4 1 77 1/6.7 4-2 1 Experiment 2-1 1 26.0 1 75 1 /6.7 4-22 Experiment 2_12 25.9 1 76 1/6.8 4-23 Experiment 2-13 25.0 1 73 1/6.9 -25- (23 (23) 1336318 [Example 5] Concrete with metal fiber The metal fiber shown in 5 (externally added to concrete) was kneaded with 1 cubic meter of the concrete of Example 4 Experiment 4-8, and the concrete was poured into a mold placed on a tabletop vibrator while being slightly The vibration causes the metal fibers to be separated without being separated, thereby molding the test piece. Steam solidification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and then, a 1 day old bending strength test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 5. As can be seen from Table 5, the metal fiber increases the bending strength of the concrete, but does not work at all in an amount of 1.0% by volume. The metal fiber showed a significant effect starting from 1.5% by volume, and the bending strength increased as the amount of metal fiber added increased. However, it will gradually reach a peak, and 4.5% by volume leads to poor operability resulting in molding difficulty. In the case where concrete is obtained by vibration molding, it is apparent that the optimum range is from 2.0 to 4.0% by volume. .
-26- (24) J336318 [表 5]. 實驗 編號 混凝土類型 金屬纖維 (外添加體積%) (以混凝土爲基準) — 彎曲強度 (N/平方毫米) 5-1 實驗4-8者 1.0 -—---- 2 1.7 5-2 實驗4-8者 1.5 .8 5-3 實驗4-8者 2.0 ---* · w 1 5-4 實驗4_8者 2.5 —〜 一—'* 32.4 5-5 實驗4-8者 3.0 36 ^ 5-6 實驗4-8者 3.5 38.fi 5-7 實驗4-8者 4.0 39.1 5-8 實驗4-8者 4.5 不能模塑 [實施例6] 使用表6中所示配方,將砂漿或混凝土與不同添加量 |之金屬纖維捏合,且以離心模塑製備試片。以與實施例1 中的相同方式實施蒸汽固化,然後以1日齡測量發生碎裂 時的外部壓力負荷以計算彎曲張力強度。中央列指示出混 凝土的配方,上列指出比較用的混凝土配方,且下列指出 經由從中央列中所示混凝土配方的粗骨材量所得砂漿配方 ,且轉換成數値每立方米。附帶者,表6中所用符號分別 表示下列意義:-26- (24) J336318 [Table 5]. Experiment No. Concrete Type Metal Fiber (External Addition Volume %) (Based on Concrete) - Bending Strength (N/mm 2 ) 5-1 Experiment 4-8 1.0 - ---- 2 1.7 5-2 Experiment 4-8 1.5.8 5-3 Experiment 4-8 2.0 ---* · w 1 5-4 Experiment 4_8 2.5 -~ 1 - '* 32.4 5-5 Experiment 4-8, 3.0 36 ^ 5-6 Experiment 4-8, 3.5 38.fi 5-7 Experiment 4-8, 4.0, 39.1, 5-8, Experiment 4-8, 4.5, inability to mold [Example 6] Using Table 6 In the formulation shown, the mortar or concrete is kneaded with different amounts of metal fibers, and the test piece is prepared by centrifugal molding. Steam solidification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the external pressure load at the time of fragmentation was measured at 1 day of age to calculate the bending tensile strength. The central column indicates the formulation of the concrete, the above lists the concrete formulations used for comparison, and the following indicates the mortar formulation obtained from the amount of coarse aggregate of the concrete formulation shown in the central column and converted to several metres per cubic meter. Incidentally, the symbols used in Table 6 indicate the following meanings:
Gmax :最大骨材尺寸 空氣:空氣含量 -27 - (25) 1336318 sL :坍度 . s / a ··細骨材比例 W / B :水/黏合材料比例 w :水 C :水泥 S :細骨材 G :粗骨材 經由離心模塑製備試片,其中整個試片係經由將有不 同量的金屬纖維之混凝土或砂漿進行單層模塑而模塑所成 ,且經由雙層模塑製備模塑試片,其中試片的外側3-厘 米部份係由不含金屬纖維的砂漿或混凝土模塑而成,然後 用有變異量的金屬纖維之砂漿或混凝土模塑其內側2 -厘 米部份。其結果示於表7之中》 [表 6]Gmax: Maximum aggregate size Air: Air content -27 - (25) 1336318 sL : 坍. s / a · · Fine aggregate ratio W / B : Water / binder ratio w : Water C : Cement S : Fine bone Material G: coarse aggregates were prepared by centrifugal molding, in which the entire test piece was molded by single-layer molding of concrete or mortar having different amounts of metal fibers, and the mold was prepared by double-layer molding. Plastic test piece, in which the outer 3-cm part of the test piece is molded from mortar or concrete without metal fiber, and then the inner 2 - cm part is molded with mortar or concrete with a variation of metal fiber . The results are shown in Table 7 [Table 6]
Gmax 空氣 sL s/a W/B 單位量(公斤/立方米) (mm) (%) (cm) (%) (%) W C S G WRA(2) SF FA20 II-CS *13 1.5 65 48.7 28 168 600 799 850 12 0 0 0 13 1.5 65 48.1 28 168 500 782 850 10 48 29 19 - 1.6 35 _ 20 234 984 953 - 18 94 56 38 (註)WRA(2):高性能減水劑,以粉末形式添加及捏合。 Π — CS爲不溶性無水石膏 從表7可以看出,添加1.0體積%的金屬纖維可增加 -28- (26) 1336318 彎曲抗張強度’且彎曲抗張強度會隨金屬纖維的添加量之 增加而增加。於混凝土的情況中,在添加3.5體積%時, 即使金屬纖維係添加到具有高流性的混凝土時,混凝土的 伸展也不良而造成纖維球漂浮在內表面上。所以,較佳者 ,金屬纖維的添加量最高係達3.0體積%。 於砂漿的情況中,在超過5.5體積%的量之下不可能 模塑,且顯然地,金屬纖維的添加量較佳爲最高達5.0體 φ 積%。於採用Hume管件之情況下,在只將金屬纖維摻合 到管的內側中之模塑,顯然可提供比其中將金屬纖維摻合 到整個管內的模塑較爲高的彎曲張力強度,因此係較爲經 濟者。Gmax Air sL s/a W/B Unit quantity (kg/m3) (mm) (%) (cm) (%) (%) WCSG WRA(2) SF FA20 II-CS *13 1.5 65 48.7 28 168 600 799 850 12 0 0 0 13 1.5 65 48.1 28 168 500 782 850 10 48 29 19 - 1.6 35 _ 20 234 984 953 - 18 94 56 38 (Note) WRA (2): a high performance water reducing agent, added in powder form and Kneading. Π — CS is insoluble anhydrite. As can be seen from Table 7, the addition of 1.0% by volume of metal fibers increases the bending tensile strength of -28-(26) 1336318' and the flexural tensile strength increases with the addition of metal fibers. increase. In the case of concrete, when 3.5% by volume is added, even when the metal fiber is added to the concrete having high fluidity, the concrete is poorly stretched to cause the fiber ball to float on the inner surface. Therefore, preferably, the amount of the metal fibers added is up to 3.0% by volume. In the case of mortar, it is impossible to mold at an amount exceeding 5.5 % by volume, and it is apparent that the amount of the metal fibers added is preferably up to 5.0 φ %. In the case of using a Hume tube, the molding in which only the metal fiber is blended into the inner side of the tube clearly provides a higher bending tensile strength than the molding in which the metal fiber is blended into the entire tube, thus It is more economical.
-29- (27) 1336318 m 7].-29- (27) 1336318 m 7].
實驗 金屬纖維添加 量 模塑 方法 彎曲張. Λ強度 編號 (外部添加 量,體積%) (N/m 爪2) 混凝土中 砂 獎 中 6-1 〇,整管模塑 • 單 層 13 1 6-2 1 .0,整管模塑 _ 單 層 16 1 6-3 1.5,整管模塑 單 層 19 0 6-4 2 .0,整管模塑 • 單 層 22 5 6-5 2 .5,整管模塑 _ 單 層 27 6 6-6 3 .〇,整管模塑 _ 單 層 27 5 6-7 3 .5,整管模塑 _ 單 層 纖維 球 6-8 _ 〇,整管模塑 單 層 1 7. 0 6-9 • 1.0,整 管 模 塑 單 層 2 1 0 6-10 • 1.5,整 管 模 塑 單 層 24.6 6-11 _ 2.0,整 管 模 塑 單 層 28.3 6-12 • 3.0,整 管 模 塑 單 層 33. 2 6-13 3.5,整 管 模 塑 單 層 37.2 6-14 _ 4.0,整 管 模 塑 單 層 40. 0 6-15 _ 5.0,整 管 模 塑 單 層 4 1.7 6-16 _ 6.0,整 管 模 塑 單 層 不能模塑 6-17 1.0,內側模塑 • 雙 層 19.8 6-1 8 2 .〇,內側模塑 一 雙 層 25 · 8 6-19 3.0,內側模塑 • 雙 層 30. 1 6-2 1 _ 1.0,內 側 模 塑 雙 層 24. 1 6-22 _ 2.0,內 側 模 塑 雙 層 32. 5 6-23 • 3.0,內 側 模 塑 雙 層 36.2 6-24 _ 4.0,內 側 模 塑 雙 層 44. 5 6-25 本 〇,整管模塑 雙 層 8.2 (註)* :實驗6 — 25爲根據表6中有符號所示混凝 土配方之比較例 -30- (28) (28)1336318 雖然本發明已參照其特定具體實例予以詳細說明過, 不過對於譜於此技者顯而易知的是,於其中可作出各種改 變與修飾而不違離本發明旨意和範圍。 本申請案係以2004年三用17日提出申請的日本專利 申請第2004- 07518號爲基準,其內容倂於本文作爲參考 [工業實用性] 根據本發明,經捏合的砂漿或混凝土所具流度値可獲 改良而得良好可操作性。再者,所得砂漿和混凝土具有高 的壓縮強度和彎曲強度絕對値,且可得到相對於壓縮強度 之高彎曲強度。此外,經由摻合金屬纖維的強化作用可大 幅地增加彎曲強度。此可促成在土木工程和建築結構與混 凝土二次產品的製造中既經濟且有利之設計。Experimental metal fiber addition molding method bending sheet. Λ strength number (external addition amount, volume %) (N/m claw 2) 6-1 混凝土 in concrete sand prize, whole tube molding • Single layer 13 1 6- 2 1 .0, whole tube molding _ single layer 16 1 6-3 1.5, whole tube molding single layer 19 0 6-4 2 .0, whole tube molding • single layer 22 5 6-5 2 .5, Whole tube molding _ single layer 27 6 6-6 3 .〇, whole tube molding _ single layer 27 5 6-7 3 .5, whole tube molding _ single layer fiber ball 6-8 _ 〇, whole tube mold Plastic single layer 1 7. 0 6-9 • 1.0, single tube molding single layer 2 1 0 6-10 • 1.5, whole tube molding single layer 24.6 6-11 _ 2.0, whole tube molding single layer 28.3 6- 12 • 3.0, full tube molded single layer 33. 2 6-13 3.5, whole tube molded single layer 37.2 6-14 _ 4.0, whole tube molded single layer 40. 0 6-15 _ 5.0, whole tube molding Single layer 4 1.7 6-16 _ 6.0, single tube molding single layer can not be molded 6-17 1.0, inner molding • double layer 19.8 6-1 8 2 .〇, inner molding a double layer 25 · 8 6- 19 3.0, inside molding • Double layer 30. 1 6-2 1 _ 1.0, inner molded double layer 24. 1 6-22 _ 2.0, inside Molded double layer 32. 5 6-23 • 3.0, inner molded double layer 36.2 6-24 _ 4.0, inner molded double layer 44. 5 6-25 〇, whole tube molded double layer 8.2 (Note)* :Experiments 6-25 are comparative examples according to the symbolic concrete formula shown in Table 6 - 30(28) (28) 1336318 Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific examples thereof, It will be apparent that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-07518, filed on Jan. 17, 2011, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The degree can be improved and the operability is good. Further, the obtained mortar and concrete have high compressive strength and bending strength, and high bending strength with respect to compressive strength can be obtained. In addition, the bending strength can be greatly increased by the strengthening action of the blended metal fibers. This can result in an economical and advantageous design in the manufacture of civil engineering and building structures and concrete secondary products.
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