TWI332304B

TWI332304B -

Info

Publication number: TWI332304B
Application number: TW096113278A
Authority: TW
Priority date: 2007-04-16
Filing date: 2007-04-16
Publication date: 2010-10-21
Also published as: TW200843286A

Description

1332304 九、發明說明： - 【發明所屬之技術領域】 • 本發明為智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，尤指一種專注於；多組鉛酸電池使用下之電池管理。本發明以自動建構成之主從式系統，由主裝置控制，使各電池單體輪流充電，於較低之電 : 力源需求下，使各電池於充電過程中均維持極板活化狀況，可提咼充電效率並增長鉛酸電池之使用壽命。【先前技術】儘管新型一次電池（鎮氫電池，經電池）的研發於近十年來 • 有相當亮眼的成績，主要應用仍在諸如筆記型電腦、手機、個人數位助理等行動通訊設備所需之可攜式電源，輕量化為其優點。車輛之啟動、燈光及點火（SLI)裝置卻仍然必須使用鉛酸 • 電池。隨著油價不斷攀升，油電混成車（Hybrid)相繼推出上 • 市，鉛酸電池組仍是油電混成車的唯一選擇。主要是因為已經商業化的二次電池還未具有鉛酸電池一樣價格低廉'成熟技術、安全可靠及可回收處理等優點，預估十年内鉛酸電池仍具有其不可取代之地位。況且新技術與新材料的挹注之下鉛酸電池無論在能量密度、功率密度或週期壽命上也持續有亮眼的改進。以鉛酸電池組作為移動式運輸載具（如長途卡車，遊艇等） ' 之備用旎源，可於載具停止移動時作為其内部設備之能量來一源，免除休息時引擎繼續運轉造成之空氣污染以及油耗。目前以鉛酸電池為備用能源之架構以多顆電池並聯以提高容量及 =間輸出能量。經由發電機及穩壓裝置提供内部裝置電力之同時，分出部分能量進行鉛酸電池組充電。由於瞬間負荷之改變 f生暫態突波，以及缺乏管理之充電及放電造成過充或過放，貫際使用時鉛酸電池組之壽命往往未達標稱循環壽命之一半。對於多.組電池並聯架構，為使鉛酸電池極板維持有效之充電效率，傳統作法需要提供足夠分配到各電池單體之電力源，致 5 1332304 使發電機之輸出功率必須相對提高。電池充飽與否應以電池端電壓判斷，傳統並聯架構之電池組，無法研判單獨電池單體之 ^電狀態，更無法將已經故障的電池單體隔離，任何一個電池單體故障，充電時除了消耗能源外，所產生的熱更會使電池壽命受到嚴重影響。開發智慧型電池管理系統，提供最佳方式進行充電，判斷電池單體健康狀況，隔離故障電池單體，平衡電池單體容量以及提供電池使用狀況訊息是提升鉛酸電池週期壽命的一種重要的途徑。【發明内容】本發明的主要目的在於提供一種智慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統，於此系統運作之下可提高充電效率，達到各電池單體容量一致性’隔離不良或故障電池單體’延長電池壽命。本發明之主要目的可經由以下之方法達成：本發明智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，如圖一所示，由一組以上的智慧型電池組（〗〇 )、發電機（2〇)及穩壓器（3〇)所組成；其中’每一個智慧型電池組（10)包括：控制器、鉛酸電池單體（12)、感測開關元件（13)、傳輸介面（14); 經由接頭識別碼佈線之智慧識別器（1Π)設計，本發明智慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統中，其中一組智慧型電池組（丨〇 ) 的控制器（11)做為本管理系統之主控制器（11，）；由控制器 (11)中的微控單元（111)根據智慧識別器（1Π)信號位準區分，該主控制器（1Γ )係為全系統之中央管制單元，主導各智慧型電池組（10)輪流充電次序，並藉由部分電池組充電，其他 (已充到一定容量）不充電的方式達到各電池組間之容量平衡；經由定期輪詢各電池之開路電壓'溫度及充電電壓電流，決定各電池單體充電狀況以及研判電池組之健康狀況，必要時將不良電池單體隔離到系統之外；傳輸介面（14)採串列式主從架構，以最少之連線實現控制與資料交換功能；本發明的智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統基礎為每個鉛酸 6 電池單體（12)均安裝有一組感測開關元件（13)，包括有：一充電開關（131)和放電開關（132)，如圖二所示；在主控制器（1Γ ) 監控管制之下，實現各電池單體輪流充電；各個控制器（U) 接受主控制器（11 ’）之指示，控制感測開關元件（13)以進行充電開關（131)及放電開關（132)之動作；並於充電及停止充電期間分別經由微控單元（1U)所内建之類比/數位轉換（ADC)量取電池之充電電壓/電流及開路電壓（0pen Circuit Voltage voc) ’回報到主控制器（u，）之微控單元（111)，作為充電及電池單體健康情況之研判；主控制器（1 Γ )根據發電機輸出功率以及使用之紐酸電池特性，選擇適當的充電組態，將所有鉛酸電池單體（〗2)區分為相同，量的多個群組；電池組態重要參數包括全系統總電池數，母一群組電池數，每一循環充電時間，充電電壓上限，開路電壓上限等；主控制器（11，）與其他各個控制器（11)間之命令或資料交換經由驅動/隔離介面（115)達成；資料傳輸採光耦合裝置 (1151)方式，可有效隔離各獨立電池控制模組，避免單一模組失效造成傳輸系統失效情形；所有控制器⑴）硬體及内部控制軟體完全相同’任何一個控制器⑴）接上主控制器⑴，）之接頭’重新啟動就可藉由智慧識別器⑴7)偵測而執行主控制器 ⑴’）之軟體，其他位置之控制器⑴）則執行-般功能；圖四為本發明之主從式傳輸驅動/隔離介面⑴電路，介面接點共有八點’其中TxMvRxftr以及l_/Rx—分別為兩組參考電圖.五為各智慧型電池組⑽之間的接線方式， (11，）之控制器⑴）以m7tm— 工制裔他控制器⑼則以丁冰及咖-t雨通訊痒，其共點為浮動電位必須於接到主控制3巧個別模組咖- 落到主_⑴，）之參考地=。=及^亀《點圖八及圓七分別為本發明 1332304 主控制器（ir )於傳送與接收狀態之介面電路示意圖；當控制器（11)連接智慧型電池組（1〇)之接頭接上時，控制器 (11)隨即進入初始程序；於初始程序中，電池參數會自記憶體中°賣出，然後項取電池識別碼，此為每一顆電池單體出廠時賦予之4位元組電池序號。隨即以智慧識別器（117)區別主控制器（11 )與其他控制器（11 )，完成初始化後即進入自動組態設1332304 IX. Description of the invention: - [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a smart lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system, and more particularly to a battery management that is focused on the use of multiple sets of lead-acid batteries. The invention is automatically built to form a master-slave system, which is controlled by the main device, so that each battery cell is charged in turn, and the battery is maintained in a charging state during the charging process at a lower power demand. It can improve charging efficiency and increase the service life of lead-acid batteries. [Prior Art] Although the development of new primary batteries (hydrogen batteries, batteries) has been very successful in the past decade, the main applications are still required for mobile communication devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, and personal digital assistants. The portable power supply is lightweight and its advantages. Lead-acid batteries must still be used for start-up, lighting and ignition (SLI) devices. As oil prices continue to rise, hybrid hybrid vehicles (Hybrid) have been launched in the market, lead-acid battery packs are still the only choice for hybrid vehicles. Mainly because the commercialized secondary battery is not as expensive as the lead-acid battery, 'mature technology, safe and reliable, and recyclable. It is estimated that the lead-acid battery still has an irreplaceable position within ten years. Moreover, lead-acid batteries with new technologies and new materials continue to have brighter improvements in energy density, power density or cycle life. The lead-acid battery pack is used as a backup source for mobile transport vehicles (such as long-distance trucks, yachts, etc.), which can be used as a source of energy for the internal equipment when the vehicle stops moving, avoiding the engine running at rest. Air pollution and fuel consumption. At present, the lead-acid battery is used as the backup energy structure, and multiple batteries are connected in parallel to increase the capacity and output energy between the two. While the internal device power is supplied via the generator and the voltage regulator, part of the energy is distributed to charge the lead-acid battery pack. Due to the transient load change, the transient transient surge, and the lack of management of charging and discharging caused overcharge or overdischarge, the life of the lead-acid battery pack often fails to reach one-half of the nominal cycle life. For multi-cell parallel architectures, in order to maintain efficient charging efficiency for lead-acid battery plates, conventional methods need to provide sufficient power source for each battery cell, so that the output power of the generator must be relatively increased. Whether the battery is fully charged or not should be judged by the battery terminal voltage. The battery pack of the traditional parallel structure cannot judge the electrical state of the individual battery cells, and it is impossible to isolate the faulty battery cells. Any one of the battery cells is faulty. In addition to consuming energy, the heat generated can seriously affect battery life. Developing a smart battery management system, providing the best way to charge, judging the health of the battery cells, isolating faulty battery cells, balancing battery capacity and providing battery status information is an important way to improve the cycle life of lead-acid batteries. . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a smart acid-acid battery charge and discharge management system, which can improve the charging efficiency under the operation of the system, and achieve the uniformity of each battery cell 'isolate or faulty battery cells' Extend battery life. The main object of the present invention can be achieved by the following methods: The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, is composed of more than one type of smart battery pack (〗〖) and generator (2 〇) And a voltage regulator (3〇); wherein each of the smart battery packs (10) includes: a controller, a lead-acid battery cell (12), a sensing switching component (13), a transmission interface (14); The smart identifier (1Π) design of the connector identification code wiring, in the smart acid-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention, wherein a controller (11) of a smart battery pack (丨〇) is used as the management system. The main controller (11,) is divided by the micro-control unit (111) in the controller (11) according to the smart recognizer (1Π) signal level, and the main controller (1Γ) is a central control unit of the whole system. Leading each smart battery pack (10) in turn charging sequence, and charging by some battery packs, other (charged to a certain capacity) without charging to achieve the capacity balance between each battery pack; through regular polling of each battery open circuit Voltage 'temperature and charging voltage and current Determine the charging status of each battery unit and study the health status of the battery pack. If necessary, isolate the defective battery unit from the system; the transmission interface (14) adopts the serial master-slave architecture to achieve control with minimal connection. Data exchange function; The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention is based on each lead acid 6 battery unit (12) is equipped with a set of sensing switching elements (13), including: a charging switch (131) And the discharge switch (132), as shown in Figure 2; under the control of the main controller (1Γ), the battery cells are alternately charged; each controller (U) accepts the indication of the main controller (11 '), The sensing switching element (13) is controlled to perform the operations of the charging switch (131) and the discharging switch (132); and the analog/digital conversion (ADC) built in the micro control unit (1U) during charging and stopping charging respectively Measure the charging voltage/current and open circuit voltage of the battery (0pen Circuit Voltage voc) 'return to the main controller (u,) the micro control unit (111), as the judgment of the charging and battery health; the main controller ( 1 Γ According to the generator output power and the characteristics of the neonate battery used, select the appropriate charging configuration, and divide all the lead-acid battery cells (〗 2) into the same, multiple groups; the important parameters of the battery configuration include all Total number of batteries in the system, number of batteries in the mother group, charging time per cycle, upper limit of charging voltage, upper limit of open circuit voltage, etc. Command or data exchange between the main controller (11,) and each of the other controllers (11) via the drive The /isolation interface (115) is achieved; the data transmission and light coupling device (1151) can effectively isolate the individual battery control modules to avoid the failure of the transmission system caused by the failure of a single module; all controllers (1) hardware and internal control software The same as the 'any controller (1)) connected to the main controller (1), the connector 'restart can be detected by the smart recognizer (1) 7) to execute the main controller (1) ') software, controllers in other locations (1) ) performs the general function; Figure 4 is the master-slave transmission driver/isolation interface (1) circuit of the present invention, and the interface contacts have a total of eight points 'where TxMvRxftr and l_/Rx-minutes For the two sets of reference electrograms. The wiring between the smart battery packs (10), (11,) the controller (1)) with m7tm - the industrial-owned controller (9) with Ding Bing and coffee-t rain communication Itching, its common point for the floating potential must be received in the main control 3 individual module coffee - fall to the main _ (1), the reference ground =. = and ^亀 "Date Figure 8 and Round Seven are respectively schematic diagrams of the interface circuit of the 1332304 main controller (ir) in the transmitting and receiving states; when the controller (11) is connected to the connector of the smart battery pack (1〇) When it is up, the controller (11) then enters the initial program; in the initial program, the battery parameters are sold from the memory, and then the item is taken as the battery identification code, which is 4 bits assigned to each battery unit at the time of shipment. The tuple battery serial number. Then, the main controller (11) and other controllers (11) are distinguished by the smart recognizer (117), and the automatic configuration is entered after the initialization is completed.

定裎序； UOrdering order; U

組態設定由主控制器（11，）啟動，程序如圖八，本發明以4 位元組（32位元）的電池序號之低位的16位元區分為末7位元的序號查询比對碼和高9位元的回應延遲計時碼；利用主從式架構之廣播功能，主控制器（11 ’）送出序號查詢指令；序號查詢指令之參數為7位元的比對碼，控制器（11)接到序號查詢指令組，將比對碼與本身之序號末7碼比對，比對結果不同就不做任何回應，如果比對結果相符，則經過回應延遲計時碼（9 位兀）單位時間之延遲後，將本身之電池序號（32位元）傳給主控制器⑴’每個延遲單位時間為傳送—組電池序號所需時間；末7位元相同之電池控制模組只要回應延遲計時碼（9位元）不同，會在不同時間回傳電池序號。後…立元相同意味著生產次序相隔超過六萬五千個電池（65536)，同時使用於一個系統中之機率近乎零；如果仍然發生衝突，衝突之電池組無法辨識’全系統電池組總數將不^，可於組態設讀段發出錯誤訊息；主控制器⑴’）於（最多）128二欠查詢問後可取得所有系，中電池之序號；分別賦予各控制器⑴）對應之模組編號，即為裝置位址。主控制器⑴’）之裝置位址為0，·序號查詢比射碼及回應延遲料碼可㈣統之規模大小及可能發生衝突之評估而修改為任意位元數；主控制器（11 )兀成系統M態自動積測並指定裝置位太 ^ ’各電池控制器以定址式序列傳輸（Addressed UART)接受^ 控制器⑴’）之管制1址式序列傳輪為序列傳輸之延伸，士 8 1332304 圖九，傳輸以起始碼（START)開始，結束碼（STOP)結束，除資料（8位元）外，原來序列傳輸作為同位碼之第9位元改用作位址及資料辨識碼（A/D)，A/D=l時表示此資料為定址碼，a/D=〇 1 則為資料； ·· 主控制器（1Γ )經由對各控制器（11)下達之充電或停止充 • 電指令進行脈衝式充電；主控制器（11，）依據預先設定之架，構，依序下達充電指令，並持續讀取各控制器（11)之狀態，作為充電與否之決策。圖十為本發明以四個群組進行充電之架構下，各控制器（11 )依據主控制器（丨1 ’）之指令建構之充電時序； ® 由於發電機（20)及穩壓器（30)輸出電壓不能動態調整，無法隨電池需要改變輸出電壓做定電壓（cv)充電，充電電流又受負載影響’無法以充電電流（Current Taper)準確研判電池是否充飽，此為傳統鉛酸電池應用在運輸工具上循環壽命不佳的主 . 因；本發明智慧型管理系統以依序輪流充電方式進行脈衝式充電’於充電開關關閉時量測電池開路端電壓，確實呈現電池容量狀況’作為是否充飽或需要繼續充電之判斷依據。【實施方式】鲁本發明智慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統，為多組智慧楚電池組（10)並聯纪成的電力系統；本發明系統之智慧型電池組（1〇) ' 可為多個；全系統架構’如圖一所示，主要包括：控制器（11)， . 經由接頭上之智慧識別器（117)辨別，其中，有一組智慧型 ------ 電池組〇〇)之控制器（η)為主控制器（11 ‘）；主控制器nr ) 與其他控制器（11)之間經由主控制器〇〗’）之定址程序，將控制命令與資料經傳輸介面（14)傳遞到各控制器（11)，或回覆給主控制器（1Γ );控制器（11)可經由感測開關元件（13)，偵測電池之充電時電壓電流或靜止狀態下之電壓以及電池之溫度’研判電壓之儲能及健康狀態，並接受主控制器〇丨’）之指 9 1332304 示’關閉充電或放電開關；紹酸電池單體（12)為傳統密閉式紐酸電池（Valve Regulated Battery); 本系統中所有電池以及控制電路完全相同，經由智慧識別器 (117)，可自動產生全系統唯一的主控制器（π，），並經由軟體的偵測完成組態設定，建構成主從式架構；於主控制器（】〗，、與各控制器（11)之互動及監控下，可安全且有效率1之充電，以> 及安全放電，避免過充或過放使電池獲得最佳之維護，延長電池使用壽命，此外，提供電力來源之發電機（2〇)與穩壓器（3〇) 亦為整體充電系統之一部份； ^制器⑴）緒控單元（1Η)、時間同步單元（】12)、資料存取單元（。113)、顯示單元（〗14)及驅動/隔離介面（115)等組成；微控單7L⑴】）為一顆微處理器’具有内建快閃記憶體，兩組串列埠，一組PcBus，多組類比轉數位輸入（舰）以及多組輸出埠：時間同步單元⑴2)提供正確之時間，供資料儲存時 ^時間訊息，類比轉數位輸人供電池電麼，電流，溫度量測；貧料存取單元⑽）儲存異常狀態之所有相_息，供維修時 ^也狀態查询及失效研判；顯示單元⑴4)為發光二極體（_ 斤且成，顯示電池模組之狀態；狀態顯示包括：充電中 '充飽、故障等；介㈣動/隔離單元⑴5)為—主從式隔離驅 …輸"面電路；圖四為具體電路，主控制器與控制模組之間 2麵合裝置（1151)電流迴路方式進行資料傳輸，除可有效隔制模组雜訊外’任一控制模組之失效均可實際隔離，不他松組之通訊；由於光麵合裝置0151)之隔離效果有 ^二接電池傳輸^號之電位差問題，本電路亦可用於串接式組合； ^下分別，兄明本發明主控制器⑴，）與其他控制器⑴）之功月& ·· 主控制器之功能： •(初始程序）供電後’經由智慧識別器门⑺確認本身為主控 1332304 制β，漬取内建快閃記憶體確定系統組態（總電池組數，單— _ 充電群組電池數，充電電厘上限，放電電壓下限，溫度上限等）； 2.(組態設定程序）以特定廣播指令進行電池序號搜尋，取得、，線上所有電池控制模組序號m智慧型電池裝置位址。此 ·· 後通訊定址均使用裝置位址；The configuration setting is started by the main controller (11,), and the program is as shown in FIG. 8. The present invention divides the lower-order 16-bit of the 4-digit group (32-bit) battery number into the last 7-bit serial number query comparison. The code and the high 9-bit response delay chronograph; using the broadcast function of the master-slave architecture, the main controller (11 ') sends the sequence number query command; the parameter of the serial number query command is the 7-bit comparison code, the controller ( 11) Receive the serial number query instruction group, compare the comparison code with the serial number of the serial number of the original 7 yards, and do not respond if the comparison result is different. If the comparison result is consistent, the response delay chronograph code (9 digits) After the delay of unit time, the battery serial number (32 bits) of its own is transmitted to the main controller (1) 'each delay unit time is the time required for the transmission-group battery serial number; the battery control module with the same 7-bit unit only responds The delay chronograph (9 digits) is different and the battery serial number will be returned at different times. After the same, the same means that the production order is separated by more than 65,000 batteries (65536), and the probability of using it in one system is almost zero; if the conflict still occurs, the conflicting battery pack cannot recognize the total number of full-system battery packs. No, the error message can be sent in the configuration read section; the main controller (1)') can obtain the serial number of all the batteries in the system after the (maximum) 128 queried query; respectively assign the corresponding mode to each controller (1)) The group number is the device address. The device address of the main controller (1)') is 0, and the serial number query can be modified to any number of bits according to the size of the code and the response delay code. The main controller (11)兀成 system M state automatic integration test and specify the device bit too ^ 'each battery controller to address the serial transmission (Addressed UART) accept ^ controller (1) ') control 1 address sequence transmission wheel for the extension of the sequence transmission, Shi 8 1332304 Figure 9. The transmission starts with the start code (START) and ends with the end code (STOP). Except for the data (8 bits), the original sequence transmission is used as the 9th bit of the parity code to be used as the address and data identification. Code (A/D), A/D=l indicates that the data is the address code, a/D=〇1 is the data; ·· The main controller (1Γ) is charged via the controller (11) or Stop charging / electric command for pulse charging; the main controller (11,) according to the preset frame structure, sequentially issue the charging command, and continuously read the state of each controller (11) as a decision on charging or not . Figure 10 is a charging sequence constructed by each controller (11) according to the instruction of the main controller (丨1 ') in the framework of charging four groups according to the invention; ® due to the generator (20) and the voltage regulator ( 30) The output voltage cannot be dynamically adjusted. It is not possible to change the output voltage with the battery to make a constant voltage (cv) charging. The charging current is affected by the load. 'Current Taper can't accurately judge whether the battery is full. This is the traditional lead acid. The battery is applied to the main engine with poor cycle life. The intelligent management system of the present invention performs pulse charging in a sequential charging manner. When measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery when the charging switch is turned off, the battery capacity status is indeed presented. As a basis for judging whether it is full or needs to continue charging. [Embodiment] The invention relates to a smart acid-acid battery charge and discharge management system, which is a power system in which a plurality of smart battery packs (10) are connected in parallel; the smart battery pack (1〇) of the system of the present invention can be multi- As shown in Figure 1, the system-wide architecture mainly includes: the controller (11), . is identified by the smart recognizer (117) on the connector, among which there is a set of smart models ------ battery pack〇〇 The controller (n) is the main controller (11 '); the main controller nr) and the other controllers (11) are connected to each other via the host controller ''), and the control commands and data are transmitted through the interface. (14) transmitted to each controller (11), or replied to the main controller (1Γ); the controller (11) can detect the voltage and current of the battery during charging or the stationary state via the sensing switching element (13) The voltage and the temperature of the battery 'study the energy storage and health status of the voltage, and accept the main controller 〇丨') finger 9 1332304 shows 'turn off the charge or discharge switch; the acid battery unit (12) is the traditional closed acid Valve Regulated Battery; all electricity in this system And the control circuit is exactly the same, through the smart recognizer (117), the system-only unique master controller (π,) can be automatically generated, and the configuration setting is completed through software detection, and the master-slave architecture is constructed; (],, and the interaction and monitoring of each controller (11), can be safe and efficient 1 charge, with > and safe discharge, avoid overcharge or over discharge to make the battery get the best maintenance, extend Battery life, in addition, the power supply generator (2 〇) and voltage regulator (3 〇) is also part of the overall charging system; ^ controller (1)) oscillating control unit (1 Η), time synchronization unit ( 】 12), data access unit (.113), display unit (〗 14) and drive / isolation interface (115); micro-control single 7L (1)]) is a microprocessor 'with built-in flash memory , two sets of serial ports, a set of PcBus, multiple sets of analogy digits input (ship) and multiple sets of output ports: time synchronization unit (1) 2) provide the correct time for data storage ^ time message, analog to digital input Battery power, current, temperature measurement; poor The access unit (10) stores all the phases of the abnormal state for the maintenance and the status check and the failure judgment; the display unit (1) 4) is the light-emitting diode (the state of the battery module is displayed; the status display includes : Charging 'fullness, failure, etc.; medium (four) moving / isolating unit (1) 5) is - master-slave isolation drive ... input " surface circuit; Figure 4 is the specific circuit, the main controller and the control module between the two sides Device (1151) current loop mode for data transmission, in addition to effectively blocking module noise, the failure of any control module can be physically isolated, the communication of the BTS group; due to the isolation of the optical interface device 0151) The effect is that there is a problem of the potential difference between the two battery transmissions, and the circuit can also be used for the serial connection; ^ respectively, the brothers of the present invention (1), and other controllers (1)) of the moon & The function of the main controller: • (Initial program) After power supply, 'via the smart recognizer door (7) to confirm that it is the master control 1332304 system β, stain the built-in flash memory to determine the system configuration (total battery pack number, single - _ Charging group battery number, charging battery The upper limit, the lower limit of the discharge voltage, the upper limit of the temperature, etc.); 2. (Configuration setting procedure) The battery serial number search is performed with a specific broadcast command, and all battery control module serial number m smart battery device addresses are obtained. This ···The post-communication address uses the device address;

; 3·(充電管理）根據系統充電群組，依序輪流指示各電池群M 充電，充飽之電池組暫時退出輪流充電行列，其他智慧型電池組則繼續充電，以達成電池容量平衡； 4. (狀態查詢）根據系統電池數及電池組態，依序要求控制模 • 組回報最新狀態訊息，包括：充電電壓、充電電流、靜止電-、電池溫度以及電池狀態； 5. (失效研判處理及回報）根據狀態查詢獲得訊息研判各電 • 池之狀態，將失效電池自輪流充電程序中移除，並關閉放電開 . 關停止放電；其他控制器（11)之功能·· 1.(初始程序）供電後，經由智慧識別器（117)確認本身不是主控制器，讀取内建快閃記憶體確定系統組態（充電電壓上限，放電電壓下限，溫度上限等）； • 2.(組11設定程序）等候主控制器序號搜尋指令，於延遲時間 • _報序號。等候電池裝置位址指定指令。此後通訊定址均使用裝置位址； 3.(充放電管理）接受主控制器指示，控制充電開關進行充電及暫停放電，並於充電過程中量測充電電壓及充電電流，暫停 ' 《電=量測靜止電壓。定期量測電池溫度，並據以研判電池狀態，是否充飽，是否過充，是否已經到達放電下限等； t (狀態回報）接受主控制器指示，回報充電電壓、充電電流、靜止電壓、電池溫度以及電池狀態； 11 1332304 5 ·(異常狀態處理）當研判認定電池狀態異常時，經顯示單元 (114)作失效指示’將同步時間以及當時之量測數據，狀態代碼等存入快閃記憶體，供維護時讀出，以利失效原因分析； *主控制器本身同時也具一般控制器功能，因此也具備第2至第4項功能；本發明之主從式驅動/隔離介面（115)之電路，如圖四傳輸及接收共計有八條傳輸信號輸出輸入點。主控制器〇丨’）使用 (TxM1，TxlT，RxM1，RxM_)，其他控制器（11)均以（Τχ1，tx-，Rxi，3·(Charge management) According to the system charging group, each battery group M is in charge in turn, the fully charged battery pack temporarily exits the polling charging rank, and other smart battery packs continue to be charged to achieve battery capacity balance; (Status inquiry) According to the system battery number and battery configuration, the control mode group is required to report the latest status information, including: charging voltage, charging current, static electricity, battery temperature and battery status; And return) according to the status query to obtain the message to judge the status of each battery, the failed battery is removed from the polling charging program, and the discharge is turned off. The shutdown stops; the functions of other controllers (11)·· 1. (Initial procedure After power supply, confirm that it is not the main controller through the smart recognizer (117), read the built-in flash memory to determine the system configuration (charge voltage upper limit, discharge voltage lower limit, upper temperature limit, etc.); 2. (Group 11 Setting procedure) Waiting for the main controller serial number search command, in the delay time • _ report number. Wait for the battery unit address specification command. After that, the communication address uses the device address; 3. (charge and discharge management) accepts the instruction of the main controller, controls the charging switch to charge and suspend the discharge, and measures the charging voltage and charging current during the charging process, and suspends 'Electric=Quantity Measure the quiescent voltage. Regularly measure the battery temperature, and judge the battery status, whether it is full, whether it is overcharged, whether it has reached the lower limit of discharge, etc.; t (state report) accepts the indication from the main controller, and returns the charging voltage, charging current, static voltage, battery Temperature and battery status; 11 1332304 5 · (Abnormal state processing) When it is determined that the battery status is abnormal, the display unit (114) is used as the failure indication. The synchronization time and the current measurement data, status code, etc. are stored in the flash memory. Body, read out for maintenance, for reasons of failure; * The main controller itself also has general controller functions, so it also has the second to fourth functions; the master-slave drive/isolation interface of the present invention (115 The circuit of Figure 4, as shown in Figure 4, has a total of eight transmission signal output input points. The main controller 〇丨') uses (TxM1, TxlT, RxM1, RxM_), and the other controllers (11) are (Τχ1, tx-, Rxi,

Rx )並接。信號於主控制器端接地，而控制器端為浮接；本發Rx) is connected. The signal is grounded at the main controller end, and the controller end is floating;

明各控制器（11)間接線方式如圖五；主控制器（11’ ）傳送及接收之電路分別展現於圖六及圖七中；當主控制器（11，）傳送資料時，如圖六，信號經ΤχΜ、）Rx+，於控制器（n)之Rx+到Rx_ 形成電流迴路；當Tx輸入端為低電位時，驅動光耦合裝置 (1151」)，於rx端輪出為低電位；當任一控制器（11)傳送資料時，控制益（ll)Tx輸入端為低電位時，則驅動光耦合裝置（1151)， τχ1與tv形成通路，電流經RxM，到ΤχΙ，於控制器（11)之到㈣形成電流迴路，使主控制器⑴，）之以端輸出為低電位； /傳輸介面（14)處於靜止’沒有傳輸活動時，所有模組的&The wiring mode between the controllers (11) is shown in Figure 5; the circuits for transmitting and receiving the main controller (11') are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 respectively; when the main controller (11,) transmits data, as shown in Figure 6. The signal passes through ), Rx+, and forms a current loop at Rx+ to Rx_ of the controller (n); when the input terminal of the Tx is low, the optical coupling device (1151" is driven to be low at the rx end; When any controller (11) transmits data, when the control (ll) Tx input is low, the optical coupling device (1151) is driven, τχ1 and tv form a path, and the current passes through RxM to the controller. (11) to (4) form a current loop, so that the output of the main controller (1),) is low; / the transmission interface (14) is at rest 'when there is no transmission activity, &

信號均處於高電位’此時介面電路上沒有電流錢電力損耗； :個控制器⑴）裝置有—组充電開關（ι3ι)和放電開關七…二在主控制器⑴’）主導之下，實現各電池單體輪流間歇业衝充電’組態e5l定時，根據發電機⑽）之輸出與設備負 ’:兄’，系統中智慧型電池组（1Q)分為相同數量之數個群時間只有一個群組中的智慧型電池組(10)的充電開關别f ’其餘各群組皆處於開路狀態；充電中群組中的智慧路狀離可經由類比數位轉換器量測電池電壓及電流；開能，可測得電池開路電1 ’估算電池充電狀〜°電池徤康情形；除充電開關外，各智慧型電池組也 12 1332304 裝置有-組放電開關（132)，當電池單體電壓低於設定之最低輸 i電壓或狀該電池已損害不宜繼續使用時，放電開關可將該組電池切開，避免對故障電池逆充形成無謂的能源損失，甚或對電池單體造成永久性損壞； · 系統佈線接頭内智慧識別器（in)以佈線方式短接輸入信號，只有主控制器（1Γ )之輸入為低電位，其餘則浮接。當控 ' 制器（11)連接於系統佈線接頭時，控制器（11)隨即進入初始程序；於初始程序中，自記憶體中讀出電池參數以及電池序號；並以智慧識別器分辨主控制器⑴或控制器⑴）。電池控制模組完成初始化後即進入自動組態設定裎序； _ 自動組態設定程序由主控制器⑴’）啟動，程序如圖八。電池序號長度為32位元’取低位的16位元再分為末7位元的序號查詢比對碼和9位元的回應延遲計時碼；利用主從式串列傳冑之廣播功能’主控制器⑴’）送出序號查詢指令及序號查詢 • ㈣碼（710)，所有控制器⑴）同時接收此序號查詢指令。序號查詢指令之參數為7位元的比對碼，控制器⑴）接到序號查詢指令及比對碼，與本身之序號末7碼比對（72〇)，比對結同時不做任何回應。如果比對結果相符，則經過回應延^計時碼（9位元）單位時間之延遲⑽）後，將本身之電池序號傳給主 • 自制器（74〇) °每個延遲單位時間為傳送-組電池序號所需時間。末7位元相同之電池控制模組只要回應延遲計時碼（9位元）不同，就在不同時間回傳電池序號’最遲之回傳時間511個延 . 遲單位。主控制器於送出序號查詢指令後開始接收回應 • (750)，並於512個延遲單位時間後，進行下一個序號查詢比^ 碼。當全部I28個（7位元共計128個不同數值）序號全部完成查詢或預期數量之控制器已回應’主控制器開始指定裝置位址 (770)，並以廣播方式傳回序號與裝置位址配對（78〇)。控制器 (11)接到配對指令後比對序號（79〇) ’取得本身之裝置位址。此裝置位址供定址式串列傳輸使用。 13 1332304 號每智f型電且⑽有唯一之序號，為生產時之流水體，同技枯立凡相同意味著生產次序相隔逾六萬五千個電池單衝突：於：個系統中之機率近乎零。如果仍然發生序號序慧型電池組（ΐσ)將無法雌，使得組態設定程出供is# t系統電池組總數不足，後16位元主控制器（11，）發 •y、訊心，並停止組態設定程序（795)。正後可取得所有系統中電池之序號。The signal is at a high potential' at this time there is no current and power loss on the interface circuit; a controller (1)) device has a group charging switch (ι3ι) and a discharge switch seven...two under the control of the main controller (1)') Each battery cell alternates intermittent charging charging 'configuration e5l timing, according to the output of the generator (10)) and the device negative ': brother', the smart battery pack (1Q) in the system is divided into the same number of groups of time only one The charging switch of the smart battery pack (10) in the group does not have the other groups in the open state; the smart road in the charging group can measure the battery voltage and current through the analog digital converter; Can, can be measured battery open circuit 1 'estimate battery charge ~ ° battery health situation; in addition to the charge switch, each smart battery pack also 12 1332304 device has a group discharge switch (132), when the battery cell voltage is low The discharge switch can cut the battery pack when the battery is damaged and the battery is damaged. Permanent damage; • The smart identifier (in) in the system wiring connector shorts the input signal by wiring. Only the input of the main controller (1Γ) is low, and the rest is floating. When the controller (11) is connected to the system wiring connector, the controller (11) then enters the initial program; in the initial program, the battery parameters and the battery serial number are read from the memory; and the main control is distinguished by the smart recognizer. (1) or controller (1)). After the battery control module is initialized, it will enter the automatic configuration setting sequence; _ The automatic configuration setting program is started by the main controller (1)'), and the program is shown in Figure 8. The battery serial number is 32 bits long. The lower 16 bits are subdivided into the last 7-bit serial number query comparison code and the 9-bit response delay chronograph. The master-slave serial transmission is used to broadcast the main control. (1) ') send the serial number query command and serial number query • (4) code (710), all controllers (1)) receive this serial number query command at the same time. The parameter of the serial number query instruction is a 7-bit comparison code, and the controller (1)) receives the serial number query instruction and the comparison code, and compares with the serial number of the last 7 codes (72〇), and does not respond at the same time. . If the comparison result is consistent, after the response delay (10-bit) unit time delay (10)), the battery number of its own is transmitted to the master (74〇) ° each delay unit time is transmitted - The time required for the battery serial number. As long as the last 7-bit battery control module responds to the delay chronograph (9-bit), the battery serial number is returned at different times. The latest return time is 511 delays. After the main controller sends the sequence number query command, it starts to receive the response (750), and after 512 delay unit time, the next sequence number comparison code is performed. When all I28 (7 digits total 128 different values) serial number complete the query or the expected number of controllers have responded 'the main controller starts specifying the device address (770), and broadcasts the serial number and device address by broadcast. Pairing (78〇). The controller (11) obtains its own device address after receiving the pairing command and comparing the serial number (79〇). This device address is used for addressable serial transmission. 13 1332304 is a smart f-type electric power and (10) has a unique serial number, which is the flow water body at the time of production. The same production technique means that the production sequence is separated by more than 65,000 battery bills: the probability of being in a system Nearly zero. If the serial number of the type battery pack (ΐσ) is still unable to be female, the configuration setting is out for the total number of battery packs of the is# t system is insufficient, and the last 16-bit main controller (11,) sends •y, the heart, And stop the configuration setup program (795). The serial number of the battery in all systems is available at the front.

^控制器⑴’）完成系統組態偵測後，各控制器⑴）以定址式序列傳輸（Addressed UART)接受主控制器（11，）之管制。定，式序列傳輸為序贿輸之延伸，其傳輸資料格式，如圖九，也疋以起始碼（START)開始，結束碼（ST〇p)結束，内容定位=貧料，而原來序列傳輪作為同位碼之第9位元改用作位址及穿料辨識碼，第9位元為高電位表示此資料為定址碼，第9 位元為低電位則表示此為資料。主控制器(11，）經由對各控制器⑽下達之充電或停止充電指令進㈣衝式充電。主控制器依據預先設依序對各控制器⑽下達充電指令’並持續讀取各控制器（⑴之狀態，作為充電與否之決策。圖十為以四個群組進行充電之架構下’所有群組均可正常充電情形下，各控彻⑴）建構之充電時序，群組一充電期間量取充電電壓及充電電流。群组二，群組三和群組四均關閉充電開關，處於靜止狀況，可量測開路電壓。經過設定之充電時間後，群組二接受到主控制器之充電指令，起動充電開關開始充電，同時群組一的各控制器Γ11)接收到主控制器（11 )停止充電指令，關閉充電開關停止充電。所有群組依序完成一個充電循環後，輪回群组一進行下一個循環充電。主控制益（11 )除依序下達充電指令外，也持續向各控制器 (11)要求回報電池狀態，當主控制器⑴’）接獲電池異常訊 1332304 ’心或判疋電池已經充飽’ 5亥電池核組所屬之群组必須停止充 . 電。圖十一以群組三被決定應停止充電為例，主控制器（11,) . 之充電循環規劃將略過該群組，直接指示下一個群組開始充 •電。充電循環也因此由四週期縮短為三週期，亦即充電效率自 .· 四分之一提升為三分之一。不同於傳統將充電電流旁路到負載之方式，充電電流均有效運用於電池單體充電，避免旁路負載 • 發熱’影響電池單體循環壽命。、個別智慧型電池組（10)本身之控制器（11)接受主控制器指不，控制充電開關開啟或關閉，其他空閒時間持續自類比數位轉換器讀取電池單體之電流、電壓及溫度。放電過程中控制器 (Π)持續累計總放電量，並轉換成電池之循環壽命。根據電池循環壽命及電池溫度可以計算出電池允許充電的最高開路端電壓，電池單體充電時電池之開路端電壓不超過此限制值可有效延長電·池使用時間。 > 圖十二為本發明充電過程中充電開關切換與電池單體端電壓之關係，充電開關啟動，進行充電期間，量得為充電電壓·停止充電期間，如果沒有電流，量到的電壓為電池開路端電壓。主控制器（11 )根據開路電池端電壓是否到達設定值，判定電池單體是否完成充電，並於主控制器詢問時回覆。 • 如果量到電流為負值，則量得放電電流。不同於充電時充電電流會部分轉換為熱能散逸，放電電流為自電池單體釋放出之 -* 能量，反映出電池單體使用之循環壽命。循環壽命為電池自出 - 廠以後總共累積之電量，為評估電池壽命之主要依據。主控制 • 隨時監看放電電流，累計總放電量，轉換為循環壽命。循環壽命與當時的電池單體溫度決定電池充電之上限開路端電壓。相關參數以查詢表方式存於微控單元⑴υ之記憶體，控制軟體經查表後取得充電上限值，作為充電截止判定，可不受使用環产影響有效管制充電，使電池單體可達設計之目標循環壽命/兄絲上所述，本發明智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，係可達成以下的 15 1332304 目的及功效，且合於新穎性與進步性之專利要件：本發明f提出—個智慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統，本系統以少個相同之智慧型電池組所組成，每—個智慧型電池組由電池 • ㈣器、育料傳輸介面、充放電控制Μ及感測元件及錯酸電 · 池單體所組成，整體架構成彈性化主從式智慧型電池管理系 . 統。（架構） ' 2.本發明提出適用於任意裝置數量之彈性化主從式智慧型電池管理系統之自動偵測線上裝置及設定裝置位址之方法。（彈性架構） ’、 • 3.本發明提出一個經由循環式輪流充電管理方法，可達到降低充電電力需求，並利用輪流充電之暫停充電空檔量測電池開路電壓，可準確掌握並聯中各電池單體之實際充電效率，並偵測出 • 儲能不良之電池單體。（減少發電機電力需求與偵測不良電池單體） 4.本發明中提出一個電池單體開路電壓研判電池充飽方法，此方法以放電電流量測計算累計電池單體循環壽命，並以電池單體循環壽命及溫度為參數，轉換為充電上限開路端電壓，做為充電過程中電池充飽之研判依據。本方法轉換計算所需之電池特 • 性參數，根據採用之電池特性整理並儲存於微控單元之快閃記憶體中。（以開路電壓判斷充電狀況，上限電壓隨溫度與循環壽命調整） "5.本發明提出一個由主控制器根據各充電群組狀況回報，對需充電之電池群組進行輪流充電循環之方法。本方法可達到於充電 • 過程中平衡電池容量’提高充電效率，有效將所有能量運用於充電，解決傳統將充飽之電池以旁路負載處理，消耗能量發熱且影響電池單體壽命之問題。（電池組容量平衡方法，充分使用充電能量，充電效率高減少能量消耗） 1332304 6.本發明提出由主控制器下達指令，關閉充電及放電開關，將功能不良或故障之電池單體脫離，避免充電能量消耗於故障電池單體’以及逆向充電產生過溫損害電池單體壽命之方法。（剔除不良電池單體’減少能量損耗’延長電池壽命） 7.本發明中提出一個經由放電開關管理，可以在有限個數電池單體故障或性能衰退之情形下維持正常運轉之電池管理方法。（剔除不良電池單體，部分電池工作之下仍可使用）^ Controller (1)') After the system configuration detection is completed, each controller (1) is controlled by the host controller (11,) in an Addressed UART. The sequence transmission is an extension of the bribe transmission. The transmission data format, as shown in Figure IX, starts with the start code (START), ends with the end code (ST〇p), and the content is located = poor material, and the original sequence The transmission wheel is used as the address and the material identification code as the 9th bit of the parity code. The 9th bit is high to indicate that the data is the address code, and the 9th bit is low to indicate this is the data. The main controller (11,) is charged (4) by charging or stopping the charging command issued to each controller (10). The main controller issues a charging command to each controller (10) according to the pre-set sequence and continuously reads each controller (the state of (1) as a decision on charging or not. Figure 10 is a structure for charging in four groups' When all groups can be charged normally, each control (1)) is constructed with a charging sequence, and the charging voltage and charging current are measured during the charging period of the group. Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 both turn off the charging switch and are in a static state to measure the open circuit voltage. After the set charging time, group 2 receives the charging command from the main controller, starts the charging switch to start charging, and each controller of group one Γ11) receives the main controller (11) to stop the charging command, and turns off the charging switch. Stop charging. After all the groups complete a charging cycle in sequence, the reincarnation group performs the next cycle of charging. The main control benefit (11), in addition to the ordering of the charging command, also continues to request the battery status of each controller (11), when the main controller (1) ') receives the battery abnormality 1332304 'heart or judge the battery is fully charged The group to which the 5 hp battery core group belongs must stop charging. Figure 11 shows that the group 3 is determined to stop charging. The charging cycle planning of the main controller (11,) will skip the group and directly instruct the next group to start charging. The charging cycle is therefore shortened from four cycles to three cycles, that is, the charging efficiency is increased from one quarter to one third. Unlike traditional ways of bypassing the charging current to the load, the charging current is effectively applied to the charging of the battery cells to avoid bypass loads. • Heating affects the cycle life of the battery cells. The controller (11) of the individual smart battery pack (10) accepts the main controller or not, controls the charging switch to be turned on or off, and the other idle time continues to read the current, voltage and temperature of the battery unit from the analog converter. . During the discharge process, the controller (Π) continuously accumulates the total discharge amount and converts it into the cycle life of the battery. According to the battery cycle life and battery temperature, the highest open-circuit voltage that the battery is allowed to charge can be calculated. When the battery cell is charged, the open-circuit voltage of the battery does not exceed this limit value, which can effectively extend the battery life. > Figure 12 is the relationship between the charging switch switching and the battery terminal voltage during the charging process of the present invention. When the charging switch is started, during the charging period, the charging voltage is charged and the charging period is stopped. If there is no current, the amount of voltage is Battery open circuit voltage. The main controller (11) determines whether the battery unit has completed charging according to whether the open battery terminal voltage reaches the set value, and replies when the main controller asks. • If the amount is negative, the discharge current is measured. Unlike charging, the charging current is partially converted into thermal energy dissipation, and the discharging current is -* energy released from the battery cell, reflecting the cycle life of the battery cell. The cycle life is the battery self-discharge - the total amount of electricity accumulated after the factory, which is the main basis for evaluating the battery life. Main Control • Monitor the discharge current at any time, accumulate the total discharge and convert to cycle life. The cycle life and the battery cell temperature at that time determine the upper limit open-circuit voltage of the battery charge. The relevant parameters are stored in the memory of the micro-control unit (1) in the form of a look-up table. The control software obtains the upper limit of charging after checking the table. As the charge cut-off determination, it can be effectively controlled and charged without using the ring product, so that the battery can reach the design. According to the target cycle life/brother, the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention can achieve the following objectives and effects of 15 1332304, and meets the novelty and progressive patent requirements: A smart acid-acid battery charge and discharge management system. The system consists of a few smart battery packs. Each smart battery pack consists of a battery, a (four) device, a feed transmission interface, and a charge and discharge control system. The measuring component and the wrong acid battery and the single cell are composed, and the whole frame constitutes an elasticized master-slave intelligent battery management system. (Architecture) ' 2. The present invention proposes a method for automatically detecting an on-line device and setting a device address for an elasticized master-slave smart battery management system of any number of devices. (Flexible Architecture) ', 3. The present invention proposes a method for managing the charging power through the cyclic charging charging method, and the battery open circuit voltage can be measured by the pause charging neutral measurement of the rotating charging, so that the batteries in the parallel can be accurately grasped. The actual charging efficiency of the monomer and the detection of a battery cell with poor storage. (Reducing the power demand of the generator and detecting the poor battery cells) 4. In the present invention, a battery cell open circuit voltage is proposed to judge the battery charging method, and the method calculates the cumulative battery cell cycle life by the discharge current measurement, and uses the battery The cycle life and temperature of the monomer are parameters, which are converted into the open-end voltage of the charging upper limit, which is used as the basis for judging the battery filling during the charging process. The battery characteristic parameters required for the conversion of the method are sorted and stored in the flash memory of the micro control unit according to the battery characteristics used. (The open circuit voltage is used to judge the charging status, and the upper limit voltage is adjusted with the temperature and the cycle life.) 5. The present invention proposes a method for the charging cycle of the battery group to be charged by the main controller according to the status of each charging group. . This method can achieve the charging process. • Balance the battery capacity during the process. Improve the charging efficiency, effectively apply all the energy to the charging, solve the problem that the traditionally fully charged battery is bypassed, consumes energy and affects the life of the battery. (Battery capacity balance method, full use of charging energy, high charging efficiency and reduced energy consumption) 1332304 6. The invention proposes that the main controller issues an instruction to turn off the charging and discharging switches, and detach the battery unit with poor function or malfunction, thereby avoiding The charging energy is consumed by the faulty battery cell' and the reverse charging produces a method of over-temperature damaging the life of the battery cell. (Removing Bad Battery Units 'Reducing Energy Loss' and Extending Battery Life) 7. The present invention proposes a battery management method that is managed via a discharge switch and can maintain normal operation in the case of a limited number of battery unit failures or performance degradation. (Remove bad battery cells, some batteries can still be used under work)

8_本發明提出一個主裝置及從裝置均適用之通用型主從式_列通訊介面電路及佈線設計。本介面電路於無資料傳送時，沒有電力損耗。（通用型主從式串列通訊介面電路，省電）本發明提出以光耦合驅動元件隔離，適用於串聯式及並聯式主從裝置間有電壓差問題之傳輸電路設計。運用本提出之電路及佈線設計，任-電池單體均可以不經任何額外電路，安裝於位置，擔任主裝置或從裝置。（彈性組態，串並聯架【圖式簡單說明】圖係本發明智慧型鉛酸電池組管理系統架構圖圖,：係本發明電池控制器之感測單元及控制單元圖二：係本發明電池控制器功能方塊圖圖四：係本發明主從式架構隔離驅動/傳輸詳細電路圖五··係本發明主料輯模_傳輸㈣線方式圏傳送，其圖六.係本發明主從式隔離驅動/傳輪電路中主控制器他電池控制器接收之電路示竞送係傳輪w其他電__ 圖八：係本發明自動_建立程序流程圖圖九.係本M定址式”傳輸格式圖十：係本發明主控制器主電時序圖導之下電池群組輪流充 17 1332304 圖十一：係本發明部份群組輪流充電時序圖圖十二：係本發明充電電壓及開路端電壓示意圖【主要元件符號說明】 (10)智慧型電池組 (11) 控制器 (111)微控單元 (113)資料存取單元 (115) 驅動/隔離介面 (116) 獨立通訊器 (12) 鉛酸電池單體 (13) 感測開關元件 (131)充電開關 (14) 傳輸介面 (20)發電機 (1Γ )主控制器 (112)時間同步單元 (114 )顯示單元 (1151)光耦合裝置 (117)智慧識別器 (132)放電開關 (30)穩壓器8_ The present invention proposes a general-purpose master-slave-type communication interface circuit and wiring design suitable for both the master device and the slave device. The interface circuit has no power loss when there is no data transmission. (Universal master-slave serial communication interface circuit, power saving) The present invention proposes isolation of optically coupled driving elements, and is suitable for transmission circuit design with voltage difference problem between series and parallel master-slave devices. By using the proposed circuit and wiring design, any battery cell can be installed in a position as a master device or a slave device without any additional circuitry. (elastic configuration, series-parallel frame [schematic diagram]] Figure is a schematic diagram of the intelligent lead-acid battery management system of the present invention, which is a sensing unit and a control unit of the battery controller of the present invention. Battery controller function block diagram Figure 4: The master-slave architecture isolation drive/transmission detailed circuit diagram of the present invention is shown in Fig. 5. The main material model of the invention is _transmission (four) line mode transmission, and Fig. 6 is the master-slave mode of the invention. In the isolated drive / transmission circuit, the main controller, his battery controller receives the circuit, shows the transmission system, the transmission wheel w, other electricity __ Figure 8: The invention automatically _ establishes the program flow chart Figure 9. This is the M-addressed transmission The format chart 10: is the main controller of the present invention, the main battery timing diagram under the battery group rotation charge 17 1332304 Figure 11: The partial rotation charge timing diagram of the present invention Figure 12: is the charging voltage and open circuit of the present invention Terminal voltage diagram [Key component symbol description] (10) Smart battery pack (11) Controller (111) Micro control unit (113) Data access unit (115) Drive/isolation interface (116) Independent communicator (12) Lead-acid battery cells (13) Measuring Switching Element (131) Charging Switch (14) Transmission Interface (20) Generator (1Γ) Main Controller (112) Time Synchronization Unit (114) Display Unit (1151) Optical Coupling Device (117) Wisdom Recognizer (132) Discharge switch (30) regulator

1818

Claims

1332304 十、申請專利範圍·· 1、一種智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，本系統係以複數個相同之智慧型電池組及—發電機與—穩麼器所構成，該每一個智慧型電池組係包括：一控制器，包含：一微控單元、—時間同步單元、一資料存取單元、一顯示單元、一獨立通訊器及一智慧識別器，藉由上述元件，使得該控制器可為智慧型電池組管理、資料存儲、系統識別、线通訊、獨立通訊、電池難壽命估算及電池充電· 限制研判；釔自义電池單體，儲能裝備，必須以循環壽命及環境溫度管制充電，過度充電或過度放電均會嚴重儲能能力及循環壽命； -感測開關元件’包含：一充電開關及一放電開關，可感測錯酸電池單體之電池Μ、電流及溫度㈣，並進-步得控制該電池單體之充放電管理；一傳輸介面，做為各智慧型電池組之間的資訊傳輸使用；在本系統中，其中—組智慧型電池組之控制器做為本系統之主控制盗，並藉由上述其他元件自動建構成之主從式系統’由主控制器控制使各電池單體輪流充電，於較低之電力 =求下’使各電池於充電齡中均維持極板活化狀況，可提向充電效率並增長鉛酸電池之使用壽命。 2如u利範11第1項所述之智慧㈣酸電池充放電管理系統’其中’彈性化主從式智慧型電池管理系統，係經由不同 =串並聯組織架構，可隨意組合成主從式管理系統，達到動態管理架構。郭 3如中4專利範圍第1項所述之智慧型㈣電池充放電管理系統，其中，控制器經由循環式輪流充電管理方法可達到降低充電電力需求’並利用輪流充電之暫停充電空擋量測電池 19 1332304 開路電壓’可準確掌握並聯中各電池單體之實際充電效率，並偵測出儲能不良之電池單體。 4 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統’其中，控制器依據本身電池單體開路電壓研判電池充飽方法’此方法以放電電流量測計算累計電池循環壽命，並以電池單體循環壽命及溫度為參數，轉換為充電上限開路端電壓’做為充電過程中電池充飽之研判依據。 g α申清專利範圍第1項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系1332304 X. Patent application scope ·· 1. A smart lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system. The system consists of a plurality of identical smart battery packs and generators and stabilizers. Each smart type The battery pack includes: a controller comprising: a micro control unit, a time synchronization unit, a data access unit, a display unit, an independent communicator, and a smart recognizer, wherein the controller is It can be used for intelligent battery pack management, data storage, system identification, line communication, independent communication, battery life estimation and battery charging and limitation. 钇 Self-meaning battery cells, energy storage equipment must be controlled by cycle life and ambient temperature. Charging, overcharging or over-discharging will have severe energy storage capacity and cycle life; - Sensing switching element 'includes: a charging switch and a discharging switch, which can sense the battery Μ, current and temperature of the wrong acid battery unit (4), Parallel-step control of the charge and discharge management of the battery cell; a transmission interface, used as information transmission between each smart battery pack; In the system, the controller of the group intelligent battery pack is used as the main control stolen system of the system, and the master-slave system automatically constructed by the above other components is controlled by the main controller to make the battery cells alternately Charging, at a lower power = lowering, enables each battery to maintain the activation state of the plates during the charging age, which can improve the charging efficiency and increase the service life of the lead-acid battery. 2The intelligent (four) acid battery charge and discharge management system as described in the first paragraph of u Lifan 11 'in which 'elasticized master-slave smart battery management system, can be combined into master-slave management through different = series and parallel organization structure The system reaches the dynamic management architecture. Guo 3, as in the wisdom (4) battery charge and discharge management system described in the first paragraph of the patent scope, wherein the controller can achieve the charge reduction power demand through the cyclical charge charging management method and utilize the pause charging neutral measurement of the rotating charging The battery 19 1332304 open circuit voltage 'accurately grasps the actual charging efficiency of each battery cell in parallel, and detects the battery cells with poor energy storage. 4 As for the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system described in the first paragraph of the patent scope, the controller calculates the battery charging method based on the open circuit voltage of the battery itself. This method calculates the cumulative battery cycle life by the discharge current measurement. And with the battery cell cycle life and temperature as parameters, the conversion to the charging upper limit open circuit voltage 'as a basis for research and evaluation of battery charging during charging. g α Shen Qingqing, the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system mentioned in item 1

•先其中’智慧識別器係利用外在佈線設定，指定出主從角 ^，當各電池單體控制器於開機時，可依讀取之識別碼，確定本身之主從角色。 6如申凊專利範圍第1項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，其中，智慧識別器作為確定本身之主從角色後，由主控制器啟動自動組態功能，指定系統中所有智慧型電池組唯一的裝置位址。 7、如巾請專利範圍第i項所述之智慧独酸電池充放電管理系統f中，感測開關元件係由控制器管理，可以在有限個數電池單體㈣或性能衰社情形下維持正常運轉之電池方法。 8 9 如申請專職圍第丨項所述之智慧型㈣電池綠電管理系統其中’傳輸介面係—個主裝置及從裝置均適用之通用型主從式串列通訊介面電路及佈線設計。 ^申請專利範㈣i項所述之智慧型㈣電池充放電管理系 ^其t 2間同步單元係—標準計時器，於系統連接時可侍同步時知，作為控制器資料登錄之時間參考，藉由之電能儲存’該時鐘可極低能量損耗下維持統電力過低而失去功能， + WU不 20 、如申請專利範圍第1項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統’其中，感測開關元件係利用歐姆定律及安培右手定則等自然法則，經由控制器之計算及轉換，以獲取電池之充放電及電池單體溫度等資訊。 ^如申請專利範圍第4項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，其中，控制器會轉換計算所需之電池特性參數，根據採用之電池特性整理並儲存資料存取單元内。 ^如申請專利範圍第4項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電 B里系先，其中，各控制器可定時將所有電池相關資訊及登 4 L如申請專利範圍第2項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電 B理系統’其中’動態管理架構係利用自動偵測線上裝置及設定裝置位址之方法以確認系統之主從關係。錄時間存於資料存取單元，料電池祕及失效之追縱分析。私如申凊專利範圍第4項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電 :理系統，其中，各電池單體可隨時透過獨立通訊器於系統 :結或獨立單體架構下由外部電腦下載至資料存取單元内之 5亥電池歷史資料。如申凊專利||圍第6項所述之智慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統，其中，控制器被定義為主控制器時，可根據智慧電池組裝置位址，指示各智慧型電池組回報電池單體狀、况貝讯，評估並下達對需充電之電池群組進行輪流充電。如申凊專利範圍第6項所述之智慧型㈣電池充放電管理系統，其中，控制器被定義為主控制器時，智慧型電池 $回報電池單體狀況資訊，指示未絲之智慧型電池組輪机充電’達電馳平衡電池容量，提高充電效率，有效將所有能量運用於充電，解決傳統將充飽之電池以旁路負载處理，消耗能量發熱且影響電池單體循環壽命之問 21 1332304 題。 1 7 '如申請專利範圍第6項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，其中，電池控制器被定義為主控制器時，可下達指令關閉其他控制器充電及放電開關，將功能不良或故障之電池單體脫離，避免充電能量消耗於故障電池單體，以及逆向充電產生過溫損害電池組之壽命。 1 8、如申請專利範圍第8項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統’其中，資料傳輸介面，當系統未處在資料傳送時，傳輸介面沒有電力損耗。• First, the 'smart recognizer uses the external wiring setting to specify the master-slave angle ^. When each battery unit controller is turned on, it can determine its own master-slave role according to the read identification code. 6 The smart lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 1, wherein the smart recognizer, as the master-slave role of determining itself, starts the automatic configuration function by the main controller, and specifies all the systems in the system. The only device address of the smart battery pack. 7. In the smart acid battery charge and discharge management system f described in item i of the patent scope, the sensing switch element is managed by the controller and can be maintained in a limited number of battery cells (4) or performance failure conditions. The battery method for normal operation. 8 9 If you apply for the smart (4) battery green power management system described in the full-time 丨丨 item, the 'transport interface system' is a universal master-slave serial communication interface circuit and wiring design applicable to both the main device and the slave device. ^Application for the patent (4) item i intelligent (four) battery charge and discharge management system ^ its t 2 synchronization unit - standard timer, when the system is connected, can be synchronized when the time, as a controller data registration time reference, borrow The electric energy storage 'this clock can lose its function when the power is too low under extremely low energy loss, + WU not 20, as in the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system described in claim 1 ' The measuring switch element uses the natural laws such as Ohm's law and Ampere's right-hand rule to calculate and convert the controller to obtain information such as battery charge and discharge and battery cell temperature. ^ The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system described in claim 4, wherein the controller converts the battery characteristic parameters required for the calculation, and organizes and stores the data access unit according to the battery characteristics used. ^If the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge B mentioned in item 4 of the patent application scope is first, each controller can periodically time-related information about all the batteries and the wisdom described in item 2 of the patent application scope. The lead-acid battery charge and discharge B system "where" the dynamic management architecture uses the method of automatically detecting the online device and setting the device address to confirm the master-slave relationship of the system. The recording time is stored in the data access unit, and the tracking and failure of the battery is analyzed. The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge according to item 4 of the patent application scope is: the system, wherein each battery unit can be downloaded from an external computer to the system through a separate communicator at any time: 5 Hai battery history data in the data access unit. For example, the smart acid battery charging and discharging management system described in claim 6 wherein, when the controller is defined as the main controller, each smart battery pack can be indicated according to the smart battery device address. Respond to the battery singularity, the condition of the news, evaluate and release the battery group to be charged in turn. For example, the smart (four) battery charge and discharge management system described in claim 6 of the patent scope, wherein the controller is defined as the main controller, the smart battery $ returns the battery unit status information, indicating the unskilled smart battery Group turbine charging 'Daichichi balances battery capacity, improves charging efficiency, effectively uses all energy for charging, solves the problem that traditionally filled batteries are bypassed, consumes energy and affects battery cycle life. 21 1332304 questions. 1 7 'In the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system as described in claim 6, wherein when the battery controller is defined as the main controller, the command can be turned off to turn off the charging and discharging switches of other controllers. The defective or faulty battery cells are detached, the charging energy is prevented from being consumed by the faulty battery cells, and the reverse charging causes over-temperature to damage the life of the battery pack. 18. The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system as described in claim 8 wherein, in the data transmission interface, when the system is not in data transmission, there is no power loss in the transmission interface.

1 9、如申請專利範圍第8項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統’其中’資料傳輸介面，該介面係由光耦合驅動元件隔離’適用於串聯式及並聯式主從裝置間有電壓差問題之傳輸電路設計’運用本提出之電路及佈線設計，任一電池單體均可以不經任何額外電路設定，安裝於系統之任何位置，擔任主裝置或從裝置。 2◦ H月專利範圍第8項所述之智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管於旦其中資料傳輸介面，該介面有大電流驅動功能，里電池單體之系統架構時，可提供充裕之連接通訊 221 9. The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system as described in claim 8 of the patent application, in which the 'data transmission interface is isolated by the optically coupled drive element' is suitable for use in series and parallel master-slave devices. Transmission circuit design with voltage difference problem 'Using the proposed circuit and wiring design, any battery cell can be installed at any position of the system without any additional circuit settings, serving as the master device or slave device. 2◦ The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge tube mentioned in item 8 of the H-month patent range has a large-current drive function in the data transmission interface, and provides ample connection communication in the system architecture of the battery unit. twenty two