13132?63 修正後無劃線替換頁 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關於一種模組結構及其組裝方法，特別有關 一種液晶顯示器所使用之模組結構及其組裝方法。 【先前技術】 第1圖係表示根據習知液晶模組結構κ之内部剖面結 構的示意圖。 液晶模組結構K包括有兩基板B1(B2)、複數間隔元件 B3、邊框B4與一材料單元L。基板Bl、B2係分別為液晶顯 示用之濾光片、薄膜式電晶體，邊框B4係以連續方式設置 於兩基板B卜B2之邊緣的側壁。複數間隔元件B3係由光感 測材料所製成之柱狀構件，這些間隔元件B3係以既定間隔 方式設置於基板B1之上。材料單元L係由液晶材料注入於兩 基板B1(B2)、複數間隔元件B3與邊框B4(B4)之間以形成顯 像用層，藉由複數間隔元件B3與邊框B4(B4)對於材料單元L 進行定形與定位。 基板B卜B2分別具有表面blO、b20，複數間隔元件B3 係散佈方式設置於基板B1之表面blO上，每一間隔元件B3 具有一端部b31，各間隔元件B3之端部b31係分別抵壓接觸 於基板B2之表面b20。材料單元L係設置於兩基板Bl、B2之 間，如此係可藉由複數間隔元件B3將材料單元L保持在既定 修正後無劃線替換頁 位置上，並且在複數間隔元件B3的作用下係可使得兩基板 Bl、B2之間保持在一相對位置上。 第2A圖係表示根據習知液晶模組結構K於製作過程中 之一狀態圖。 於液晶模組結構K之製作過程中，首先將基板B1以水 平方式進行設置，並且在將複數間隔元件B3以近似垂直的 方式貼附於基板B1之表面blO上，然後再將液晶材料填充於 基板B1之表面blO上、複數間隔元件B3之間，最後再將基板 B2之表面b20貼附於複數間隔元件B3之上，如此便在水平狀 態下完成了具有液晶材料單元L之液晶模組結構K的組裝作 業。 當於第2A圖完成組合之液晶模組結構K進行如第2B圖 所示之垂直方式放置時，由於材料單元L之自重疊加的關係 便會造成兩基板B1、B2底部受到的較大的壓力，因而於基 板B2與複數間隔元件B3之端部b31之間常會形成間隙G(如 第2B圖所示）。（間隙G是因L與B3搭配不良時所造成（L太多 或B3太低）不論水平或是垂直置放都會發生） 由第3圖所示之液晶模組結構K中之基板B2的受力狀 態圖可知，當液晶模組結構K由第2A圖之水平狀態而豎立成 第2B圖之垂直狀態時，於兩基板Bl、B2之間的材料單元L 會因為自重的作用而略為向下流動，此時材料單元L對於基 板B2之作用力約呈現出梯型分佈（位於基板B2之左側），於 液晶模組結構K之最底部位置之基板B2上所受到的作用力 131 3e762_ _修正後無劃線替換頁 最大（Pmax)(其計算方式係近似於液體靜壓力之計算，於此便 不加以綴述）。圖中之符號Patm係表示液晶模組結構K所處之 環境為一大氣壓（1 atm)，亦即，於基板B2之右側係受到均 勻的大氣壓力Patm的作用力。 然而，隨著液晶模組結構K的尺寸加大，其材料單元L 之體積亦相對地增加。在一定程度下，材料單元L的自重將 會使得部分的間隔元件B3與基板B2之表面b20之間分離，亦 即，愈接近於液晶模組結構K之底部的間隔元件B3所可能發 生的機會愈高，除了於兩基板Bl、B2之間無法保持在既有 的間隔之外，基板B2本身亦會產生相當程度的變形及扭曲 (mura) 〇 【發明内容】 有鑑於此，本發明之目的就在於提供一種可以有效地 將材料單元保持於既定位置、同時可確保液晶顯示器之基 板不會產生變形或扭曲之模組結構。 為達成上述目的，本發明提供一種液晶顯示模組結 構，其中，模組結構係包括有第一基板、第二基板、複數 間隔元件及一液晶材料。第一基板與第二基板係以相對方 式處於一第一環境之中。複數間隔元件係設置於第一基 板、第二基板之間，各間隔元件具有至少一作用室及至少 一端部，其中，作用室係連接於端部且可處於一第二環境 之中。液晶材料係設置於第一基板、第二基板之間。在第 ,131 $^52^一修正後無割線替換頁 ,131 $^52^一修正後無割線替換頁 環境之壓力之下係可將第二基板 二環境之壓力不大於第— 頁占附於端部。 本發明提供-種液晶顯示模組結構組裝方法，立步驟 包括有：提供具有-作用室及—端部之至少—間隔料設 置在一第一基板；提供處於一第一環境作用下之一第二基 板以相對於第-基板進行設置；提供—液晶材料設置於^ -基板、第二基板之間；提供一第二環境連接於作用室； =及提供將第二環境之壓力以不大於第—環境之壓力下進 行操作，使得第二基板與端部之間達到接觸。 為了讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點能更明 顯易懂，下文特舉一較佳實施例，並配合所附圖示，作詳 細說明如下： 【實施方式】 [本發明之應用例] 本發明模組結構τ係主要應用在液晶顯示器（LCD)之 面板（panel)相關結構上，藉由模組結構τ以防止其内部之材 料單元所可能產生的不當變形。 [本發明之組成構件] 如第4圖所示’本發明模組結構τ包括一第一基板丨、一 第二基板2、複數中間元件3、側板5及一材料單元l。複數 中間元件3係設置於第一基板丨、第二基板2之間的既定位置 13132遍一 _修正後無劃線替換頁 上，側板5係以連續方式設置於第一基板1、第二基板2之外 側周圍上。當完成了第一基板1、一第二基板2、側板5與複 數中間元件3的設置之後，將液晶材料注入於第一基板1、 第二基板2、側板5與複數中間元件3之間，如此便可形成了 材料單元L。 複數中間元件3係為複數間隔物（spacer)，這些中間元件 3係以散佈方式設置於第一基板1之上，藉由複數中間元件3 將材料單元L保持在第一基板卜第二基板2之間的既定位置 上，並且藉由複數中間元件3將第一基板1、第二基板2之間 保持在一既定的相對位置上。 於本實施例中，第一基板1係可為彩色濾光片（color filter, CF)，第二基板2係可為主動式電晶薄膜式電晶體 (Thin Film Transistor, TFT)，各中間元件 3係由光感測（photo spacer, PS)材料所製成之中空圓柱狀構件，材料單元L係為 發光液晶材料。 第一基板1具有一表面10，第二基板2具有一表面20, 其中，第一基板1與第二基板2係處於一第一環境P1之中。 各中間元件3具有一作用室30及兩端部31、32，其中，作用 室30係為中間元件3之中空部分，兩端部31、32係分別位於 中間元件3之兩側，作用室30與兩端部3 1、32之間係相互連 通0 中間元件3之端部32係貼附於第一基板1之表面10上， 如此使得中間元件3之端部31延伸朝向於第二基板2之表面 1修正後無劃線替換頁 20，並且最後係使得第二基板2之表面20貼附於各中間元件 3之端部31。材料單元L係設置於第一基板1、第二基板2與 各中間元件3之間。 [本發明之組裝] 請參閱第5A、5B圖。 第5A圖係表示根據本發明模組結構T於水平狀況下之 一製作過程的狀態圖，第5B圖係表示於水平狀況下完成了 第5A圖中之模組結構T之組裝後的狀態圖。 如第5A圖所示，模組結構T於製作初期係將第一基板 1、第二基板2以水平方式進行設置，並且在將各中間元件3 之端部32貼附於第一基板1之表面10之後，材料單元L係設 置於第一基板1之表面10上且同時處於各中間元件3之間。 當欲進行第二基板2與各中間元件3之間的接合時，將 作用室30連接於第二環境P2,同時亦將第一基板1與第二基 板2之間、各中間元件3之間的相關位置也連接於第二環境 P2，藉由將第二環境P2之壓力以不大於第一環境P1之壓力 之下進行操作，亦即，第一環境P1與第二環境P2之間具有 壓力差。 於本實施例中，第一環境P1係為具有一大氣壓（1 atm) 之環境，第二環境P2係為具有真空之環境。 如此一來，第一基板1、第二基板2、複數中間元件3及 材料單元L之間便可達到如第5B圖所示之狀態，也就是利用 —131 3^63l修正後無ίί線替換頁 —131 3^63l修正後無ίί線替換頁 513132?63 After the correction, there is no scribe line replacement. The invention relates to: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a module structure and an assembly method thereof, and particularly to a module structure used in a liquid crystal display and an assembly method thereof . [Prior Art] Fig. 1 is a view showing the internal cross-sectional structure of a conventional liquid crystal module structure κ. The liquid crystal module structure K includes two substrates B1 (B2), a plurality of spacer elements B3, a frame B4, and a material unit L. The substrates B1 and B2 are respectively a filter for liquid crystal display and a film type transistor, and the frame B4 is provided in a continuous manner on the side walls of the edges of the two substrates B and B2. The plurality of spacer elements B3 are columnar members made of a light sensing material, and these spacer elements B3 are disposed on the substrate B1 at a predetermined interval. The material unit L is injected between the two substrates B1 (B2), the plurality of spacer elements B3 and the frame B4 (B4) by a liquid crystal material to form a developing layer, and the plurality of spacer elements B3 and B4 (B4) are used for the material unit. L performs shaping and positioning. The substrate B B2 has surfaces blO and b20, respectively, and the plurality of spacer elements B3 are disposed on the surface b10 of the substrate B1 in a dispersing manner. Each of the spacer elements B3 has an end portion b31, and the end portions b31 of the spacer members B3 are respectively pressed and contacted. On the surface b20 of the substrate B2. The material unit L is disposed between the two substrates B1 and B2. Thus, the material unit L can be held by the plurality of spacer elements B3 after the predetermined correction without the scribe line replacement position, and under the action of the plurality of spacer elements B3. The two substrates B1, B2 can be maintained in a relative position. Fig. 2A is a view showing a state in the manufacturing process of the conventional liquid crystal module structure K. In the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal module structure K, the substrate B1 is first disposed in a horizontal manner, and the plurality of spacer elements B3 are attached to the surface b10 of the substrate B1 in an approximately vertical manner, and then the liquid crystal material is filled in The surface b10 of the substrate B1, the plurality of spacer elements B3, and finally the surface b20 of the substrate B2 is attached to the plurality of spacer elements B3, so that the liquid crystal module structure having the liquid crystal material unit L is completed in a horizontal state. K assembly work. When the combined liquid crystal module structure K is placed in the vertical mode as shown in FIG. 2B in FIG. 2A, the self-overlapping relationship of the material units L causes a large pressure on the bottoms of the two substrates B1 and B2. Therefore, a gap G is often formed between the substrate B2 and the end portion b31 of the plurality of spacer elements B3 (as shown in FIG. 2B). (Gap G is caused by poor matching of L and B3 (L too much or B3 is too low). It will occur regardless of horizontal or vertical placement.) The substrate B2 in the liquid crystal module structure K shown in Fig. 3 is affected. The force state diagram shows that when the liquid crystal module structure K is erected into the vertical state of FIG. 2B from the horizontal state of FIG. 2A, the material unit L between the two substrates B1 and B2 is slightly downward due to its own weight. Flow, at this time, the force of the material unit L on the substrate B2 exhibits a trapezoidal distribution (located on the left side of the substrate B2), and the force received on the substrate B2 at the bottommost position of the liquid crystal module structure K is corrected by 131 3e762__ After the unlined replacement page maximum (Pmax) (the calculation method is similar to the calculation of hydrostatic pressure, which will not be stipulated here). The symbol Patm in the figure indicates that the environment in which the liquid crystal module structure K is located is one atmosphere (1 atm), that is, the force on the right side of the substrate B2 is subjected to a uniform atmospheric pressure Patm. However, as the size of the liquid crystal module structure K is increased, the volume of the material unit L is relatively increased. To a certain extent, the self-weight of the material unit L will separate the portion of the spacer element B3 from the surface b20 of the substrate B2, that is, the closer the spacer element B3 at the bottom of the liquid crystal module structure K may occur. The higher the degree, the substrate B2 itself is also deformed and distorted to a considerable extent except for the fact that the two substrates B1 and B2 cannot be kept at the existing intervals. [In summary] In view of the above, the object of the present invention is It is to provide a module structure that can effectively maintain the material unit in a predetermined position while ensuring that the substrate of the liquid crystal display does not deform or twist. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display module structure, wherein the module structure includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of spacer elements, and a liquid crystal material. The first substrate and the second substrate are in a first environment in a relative manner. The plurality of spacer elements are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, each spacer element having at least one active chamber and at least one end, wherein the active chamber is coupled to the end and can be in a second environment. The liquid crystal material is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. In the first, after 131 $^52^, there is no secant replacement page, 131 $^52^, after correction, no secant replaces the pressure of the page environment, and the pressure of the second substrate 2 environment is not greater than the first page. At the end. The present invention provides a method for assembling a liquid crystal display module structure, the vertical step comprising: providing at least a spacer having an active chamber and an end portion disposed on a first substrate; providing one of the first environment The second substrate is disposed relative to the first substrate; the liquid crystal material is disposed between the substrate and the second substrate; the second environment is connected to the operation chamber; and the pressure of the second environment is provided to be no greater than - Operating under ambient pressure to bring contact between the second substrate and the end. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. The module structure τ of the present invention is mainly applied to a panel-related structure of a liquid crystal display (LCD), and the module structure τ is used to prevent improper deformation of the material unit inside thereof. [Composition member of the present invention] As shown in Fig. 4, the module structure τ of the present invention comprises a first substrate 丨, a second substrate 2, a plurality of intermediate members 3, side plates 5, and a material unit 1. The plurality of intermediate elements 3 are disposed at a predetermined position 13132 between the first substrate 丨 and the second substrate 2, and the side plates 5 are disposed on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate in a continuous manner. 2 around the outside side. After the arrangement of the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, the side plates 5, and the plurality of intermediate members 3 is completed, a liquid crystal material is injected between the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, the side plates 5, and the plurality of intermediate members 3, Thus, the material unit L can be formed. The plurality of intermediate members 3 are a plurality of spacers, and the intermediate members 3 are disposed on the first substrate 1 in a dispersed manner, and the material units L are held on the first substrate and the second substrate 2 by the plurality of intermediate members 3. The predetermined position between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 is maintained at a predetermined relative position by a plurality of intermediate members 3. In this embodiment, the first substrate 1 can be a color filter (CF), and the second substrate 2 can be an active thin film transistor (TFT), each intermediate component. 3 is a hollow cylindrical member made of a photo spacer (PS) material, and the material unit L is a luminescent liquid crystal material. The first substrate 1 has a surface 10, and the second substrate 2 has a surface 20, wherein the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are in a first environment P1. Each of the intermediate members 3 has an action chamber 30 and two end portions 31, 32, wherein the action chamber 30 is a hollow portion of the intermediate member 3, and the two end portions 31, 32 are respectively located on both sides of the intermediate member 3, and the action chamber 30 The end portion 32 of the intermediate member 3 is attached to the surface 10 of the first substrate 1 such that the end portion 31 of the intermediate member 3 extends toward the second substrate 2 The surface 1 is corrected without a scribe line replacement page 20, and finally the surface 20 of the second substrate 2 is attached to the end portion 31 of each intermediate member 3. The material unit L is disposed between the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and each of the intermediate members 3. [Assembly of the present invention] Please refer to Figs. 5A and 5B. 5A is a state diagram showing a manufacturing process of the module structure T according to the present invention in a horizontal state, and FIG. 5B is a state diagram showing the assembly of the module structure T in FIG. 5A in a horizontal state. . As shown in FIG. 5A, the module structure T is disposed in a horizontal manner in the initial stage of production, and the end portion 32 of each intermediate member 3 is attached to the first substrate 1 in a horizontal manner. After the surface 10, the material unit L is placed on the surface 10 of the first substrate 1 and at the same time between the intermediate elements 3. When the bonding between the second substrate 2 and each of the intermediate members 3 is to be performed, the working chamber 30 is connected to the second environment P2 while also between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 and between the intermediate members 3. The relevant position is also connected to the second environment P2, by operating the pressure of the second environment P2 under a pressure not greater than the first environment P1, that is, the pressure between the first environment P1 and the second environment P2 difference. In the present embodiment, the first environment P1 is an environment having a pressure of one atmosphere (1 atm), and the second environment P2 is an environment having a vacuum. In this way, the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, the plurality of intermediate elements 3, and the material unit L can reach a state as shown in FIG. 5B, that is, the ίί line is replaced by the -131 3^63l correction. Page—131 3^63l Corrected No ίί Line Replacement Page 5
10 上述之第一環境Ρ1與第二環境Ρ2之間的壓力差而將第二基 板2之表面20平均地貼附於各中間元件3之端部31之上。 [本發明之結構分析] 第6圖係表示本發明模組結構τ之受力狀態參考示意 圖，其中，力量的作用及其分佈係主要根據第二基板2來考 量。 當於第5Β圖所完成組合之模組結構丁以垂直方式進行 »又置時，由於第二基板2之表面2〇係可平均地貼附於各中間 兀件3之端部31之上，並且於第一基板丨、第二基板2與複數 中間兀件3之間的材料單元L係仍然保持在既定的位置上。 f料單元L可在複數中間元件3的支承下而保持在相對於第 一基板1、第二基板2之間的相對位置上，不論就第一基板 1、第二基板2之間之不同位置上的間隔、第一基板ι或第二 基板2之平整度而言，均可合乎於標準規範，可提供額外的 吸附力以防止材料單元L的自重而產生不當的變形。The surface 20 of the second substrate 2 is evenly attached to the end portion 31 of each intermediate member 3 by the pressure difference between the first environment Ρ1 and the second environment Ρ2 described above. [Structural analysis of the present invention] Fig. 6 is a view showing a state of stress state of the module structure τ of the present invention, in which the action of the force and its distribution are mainly considered in accordance with the second substrate 2. When the module structure of the combination completed in FIG. 5 is disposed in a vertical manner, since the surface 2 of the second substrate 2 is evenly attached to the end portion 31 of each of the intermediate members 3, And the material unit L between the first substrate 丨, the second substrate 2 and the plurality of intermediate members 3 is still maintained at a predetermined position. The f-material unit L can be held at a relative position with respect to the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 under the support of the plurality of intermediate members 3, regardless of the position between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 The upper spacing, the flatness of the first substrate ι or the second substrate 2 may all conform to standard specifications, and may provide additional adsorption force to prevent improper deformation of the material unit L by its own weight.
[本發明之力學分析] 如第6圖所示，第二基板2係主要受到三種壓力的作 料單元L自重、環境之-大氣邮小複數中間元 件3之各作用室30的真空壓力（pPS)。 材料單元L對於第二基 亦即，於模組結構T之 就苐_基板B2之左侧部分而言 板2之作用力約呈現出梯型狀分佈 12 20 1修正後無割線替換頁 最底部位置之第二基板B2上係受到的作用力最夫^ 取八^ max)。 就第二基板B2之右側部分而言，除了第二基板2之受到均勻 大氣壓力Patm之作用外，更於第二基板2上受到來自複數中 間元件3之各作用室30的真空壓力Pps的吸附。 如此一來，在各作用室30的真空壓力Pps的吸附力作用 下，於第二基板2之左、右側的廢力分佈是可以達到幾*** 衡的狀態’㉟了確保第二基板2與複數中間元件3之間達到 相：緊密的接觸之外’於第一基板！、第二基板2之間的材 料單元L係可以保持在既定的位置上。 雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以 限疋本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神 =範圍内，當可作些許之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護 範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 _第1圖係表示根據習知液晶模組結構（K)之結構的平面 示意圖； 第2A圖係表示根據習知液晶模組結構（K)於製作過程 中之狀態圖’其中’液晶模組結構（K)係處於水平置放狀態； 第2B圖係表示第2A圖中之習知液晶模組結構（K)於另 狀L圖’其中’液晶模組結構（K)係處於垂直置放狀態； 第3圖係表示相對於第2 B圖之液晶模組結構（K)之受力 狀態參考示意圖； 第4圖係表不根據本發明模組結構（T)之結構示意圖； 13 131 修正後無劃線替換頁 第5 A圖係表示根據本發明模組結構（T)於製作過程中 之一狀態圖’其中，模組結構（T)係處於水平置放狀態； 第5B圖係表示第5A圖中之模組結構（T)之另—狀熊 圖；以及 ~ 第6圖係表示本發明模組結構（τ)之受力狀態參考示意 圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 • 1〜第一基板 0 10〜表面 2〜第二基板 20〜表面 3〜中間元件 30〜作用室 5 31〜端部 3 2〜端部 φ 4〜真空產生裝置 5〜侧板[Mechanical Analysis of the Present Invention] As shown in Fig. 6, the second substrate 2 is mainly subjected to three pressures of the working unit L, the vacuum pressure (pPS) of each of the chambers 30 of the environment-atmosphere-mail-complex intermediate element 3. . For the second base, that is, the module structure T is about the left side of the substrate B2, the force of the plate 2 exhibits a trapezoidal distribution 12 20 1 after correction, there is no secant replacement page at the bottom The force on the second substrate B2 at the position is the most effective. With respect to the right side portion of the second substrate B2, in addition to the uniform atmospheric pressure Patm of the second substrate 2, the vacuum pressure Pps of the respective chambers 30 from the plurality of intermediate members 3 is adsorbed on the second substrate 2 . In this way, under the action of the adsorption force of the vacuum pressure Pps of each of the operating chambers 30, the distribution of the waste force on the left and right sides of the second substrate 2 is in a state of near-equilibrium '35' to ensure the second substrate 2 and the plural The intermediate element 3 reaches the phase: close contact with the 'on the first substrate! The material unit L between the second substrates 2 can be held at a predetermined position. Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is to be understood that those skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of a conventional liquid crystal module structure (K); FIG. 2A is a view showing a state diagram of a conventional liquid crystal module structure (K) in a manufacturing process. 'Where the 'LCD module structure (K) is placed horizontally; Figure 2B shows the conventional liquid crystal module structure (K) in Figure 2A in the other L picture 'where' the liquid crystal module structure (K The system is in a vertical state; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the force with respect to the liquid crystal module structure (K) of FIG. 2B; FIG. 4 is not a module structure (T) according to the present invention. Schematic diagram of structure; 13 131 modified without scribe line replacement page 5A shows a state diagram of the module structure (T) in the manufacturing process according to the present invention, wherein the module structure (T) is horizontally placed Fig. 5B is a view showing another embodiment of the module structure (T) in Fig. 5A; and Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the state of the force of the module structure (τ) of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] • 1 to first substrate 0 10 to surface 2 to second substrate 20 to surface 3 to intermediate member 30 to operation chamber 5 31 to end portion 3 2 to end portion φ 4 to vacuum generating device 5 to Side panel
Bl、B2〜基板 0 B 3〜間隔元件 B4〜邊框 b 10〜表面 b20〜表面 14 131 修正後無劃線替換頁 ew.: b 3 1〜端部 K〜液晶模組結構 L〜材料單元 P1〜第一環境 5 P2〜第二環境Bl, B2 to substrate 0 B 3 to spacer element B4 to frame b 10 to surface b20 to surface 14 131 After correction, no scribe line replacement page ew.: b 3 1 to end portion K to liquid crystal module structure L to material unit P1 ~ First environment 5 P2 ~ second environment
Patm〜一大氣壓 PPS〜真空壓力 Pmax〜最大壓力 P’max〜最大屋力 0 T〜模組結構Patm~atmospheric pressure PPS~vacuum pressure Pmax~maximum pressure P’max~maximum house force 0 T~module structure