1313515 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種太陽電池，特別是關於一種太陽電 池的封裝方法與其所使用之塑膜。 【先前技術】 化石燃料的能源供應日漸匱乏，且其燃燒時會帶來環 境及空氟污染；核能發電雖能供應高電力密度，卻有核輕 射與核廢料儲存方面的安全顧慮，無形中增加許多社會成 本。在開源節流與發展低污染、甚至無污染之新能源的趨 勢下，可再生能源的基礎研究發展逐漸受到許多工業國家 的重視，其中，可將太陽光直接轉換為電力的太陽光電模 板（Photovoltaic Modules)，已成為替代能源中的一項主 流。 明參照圖一和圖二，圖一係為習知技術典型雙層玻璃 透光型太陽光電模板側剖面示意圖、圖二係為習知技術雙 層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板中複數個太陽電池排列示意 圖。太陽光電模板10包括一上層玻璃12、一下層玻璃14、 複數個太陽電池16、透明膠質18、導線銅箔19。 複數個太陽電池16係陣列排列，而以導線銅箔19彼 此串聯焊接，並且利用經處理後已硬化之透明膠質18固 設於上層玻璃12與下層玻璃14之間。 、習知部份之雙層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板1〇係可當 成建材被使用’亦可稱為建材一體型太陽光電模板，因此 f中上層玻璃12與下層玻璃14係會經過強化處理，使之 能保持在操作環境下結構之整體性及耐用性，且至少上層 1313515 玻璃12應具有高透光性，以使太陽光可順利導至太陽電 池16 〇 透明膝質18亦需要符合透光之特性，且對太陽電池 16具有固定、提供適度的機械強度、絕緣保護以及提供埶 傳導途徑等功能。 * 請參照圖三，圖三係為習知技術雙層玻璃透光型太陽 光，模板封裝前各元件***示意圖。在習知技術中，當欲 將複數個太陽電池16封裝於上層玻璃12與下層玻璃14之 間，以完成雙層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板1〇時，係首先提 巧下層玻璃14，接著設置一下層乙烯醋酸乙烯酯膜(以下簡 稱塑膜)181於下層玻璃14上，之後則將複數個太陽電池16 與導線銅箔19鋪設於下層塑膜181上，設置一上層塑膜183 於複數個太陽電池16與導線銅箔19上，最後設置上層玻璃 12於上層塑膜183上。一般而言所使用之塑膜之厚度介於 〇.2mm至3mm之間，而較常使用者為0 3mm、〇 4mm盥 0_6mm〇 ' 後續以一預定之硬化程序’使下層塑膜181與上層塑膜 183融炼’接著在硬化後，开^成圖一所示之透明膠質μ，而 完成雙層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板1〇之封裝。 然而，在習知技術中，太陽光電模板封裝時由於太陽電 池厚度達300#m，且由於透光型建材一體型太陽光電模板 而要透光之關係，如圖二所示太陽電池16之相鄰間隙有 2^m至4cm，四邊周圍則有5cm以上需透明透光的需求。 右太％光電模板成品四邊需達到相同的厚度，封裝成型時， 在太陽電池串之上下方的塑膜必須往太陽電池四<邊空隙流 動才會達到均一厚度，所以必須在封裝成型壓合較久的^ 1313515 間，或提高較高的溫度，藉以將玻璃加壓使塑膜往空白的地 方均勻流動，流動的結果常造成塑膜無法填滿全部空隙而產 生空洞以及使太陽電池串位移，太陽電池串不直現象，若太 陽電池排列不直、不美觀，被視為不良品，造成損失。又由 於塑膜之流動，常帶動太陽電池流動，剪力造成太陽電池破 裂，形成不良品而報廢。且空洞會造成實際使用太陽電池時 的熱漲:冷縮問題’長期使用之下易造成太陽電池破裂。目前 為了解決此問題常在太陽電池串與串之間以透明膠帶固定 彼此間之距離’但仍無法有效解決產生空洞與太陽電池破裂 【發明内容】 本發明之目的在於解決太陽光電模板在封裝過程中，塑 膜於熔融、硬化程序中造成塑膜無法填滿全部空隙而產生空 洞以及使太陽電池串位移，使太陽電池串排列不直、不^ 而成為不良品’造成敎。空洞造成長期使用太陽^ 池皮裂及塑膜流動，剪力造成太陽電池破裂。 ^發明係揭露-種具孔麵，可細於—太陽光電模板 、以將至少一太陽電池封裝於一上層基板與一下声其 严孔塑膜具有—預定之厚度，大體上與太陽電ϋ i 及—容納孔，其雜讀上與太陽電池相匹 池；射魏麵之㈣翻乙烯醋酸乙 ，封裝時，係首先提供下層基板、設置一下層塑膜於下 目叹f具孔麵與太陽電池於下層塑膜上、設置上 丄，後jiL塑膜與太陽電池上、設置上層基板於上層塑膜 及上之魏程序’使下層麵、具膜、以 滑塑臈融敍硬化後，完成太陽光賴板之封裝。 7 I313515 【實施方式】 請參閱圖四，圖四係為本發明一實施例太陽光電模板 /袈前各元件***示意圖。太陽光電模板20包括一上層基 - ^ 22、一上層塑膜26、一具孔塑膜3〇、複數個太陽電池^ · f線鋼箔31、一下層塑膜28、一下層基板24，其中上層基 #22與下層基板24可為一具有高透光性及一定硬度' 質，以使太陽光可順利導至太陽電池且能保持在操作環境 . :結構之整體性及耐用性，而下層基板24亦可選擇不透光 =具一定硬度之材質，視其使用所需而選擇。在本發明各 $實施例中，可以強化玻璃來做為上、下層基板(標號22與 )’上層塑膜26、下層塑膜28、具孔塑膜3〇可利用例如 _ 乙，醋酸乙婦酯膜(EVA)、石夕橡膠或壓克力勝以作為實施之 本發明所揭露一種具孔塑膜30，將其製作為與太陽電 池厚度相同，長度、寬度則與上層塑膜相同，且在封裝 時與複數個太陽電池32相對紅處粒，形紐數個= 孔3〇1 (挖空處），容納孔301亦呈陣列排列，其長個玆 太陽電池大一些，以容納放置太陽電池於其中。 下層玻璃24上、 下層塑膜28上、 太陽電池32上、 5又置具孔塑膜30與複數個太陽電池&於 ，置上層塑膜26於具孔塑膜3〇與複數個 设置上層玻璃22於上層塑膜26上，將辱 封裝時，係首先提供下層玻璃24、設置下層塑膜28於 層好之太陽光賴板2〇放簡軸（Lamin.請參照g 五a)内進彳了航之硬化贿（封裝成型健），其欲知舟1313515 IX. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a solar cell, and more particularly to a solar cell packaging method and a plastic film used therefor. [Prior Art] The energy supply of fossil fuels is becoming scarcer, and it will bring environmental and air-fluorine pollution when it burns. Although nuclear power generation can supply high power density, it has security concerns about nuclear light and nuclear waste storage, virtually invisible. Increased many social costs. Under the trend of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure and developing new energy sources with low pollution or even no pollution, the basic research and development of renewable energy has gradually attracted the attention of many industrial countries. Among them, Photovoltaic Modules can convert sunlight directly into electricity. Has become a mainstream in alternative energy sources. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a typical double-glazed light-transmissive solar photovoltaic template of the prior art, and Figure 2 is a plurality of solar cells in a conventional double-glazed light-transmissive solar photovoltaic template. Arrange the schematic. The solar photovoltaic template 10 includes an upper glass 12, a lower glass 14, a plurality of solar cells 16, a transparent gel 18, and a copper foil 19. A plurality of solar cells are arranged in an array of 16 rows, and the copper foils 19 are soldered in series with each other, and are fixed between the upper glass 12 and the lower glass 14 by the cured transparent gel 18 after the treatment. The conventional double-layer glass transparent solar photovoltaic template 1 can be used as a building material. It can also be called a building-integrated solar photovoltaic template. Therefore, the upper middle glass 12 and the lower glass 14 are strengthened. So that it can maintain the integrity and durability of the structure in the operating environment, and at least the upper layer 1313515 glass 12 should have high light transmission, so that the sunlight can be smoothly guided to the solar cell 16 〇 transparent knee 18 also need to meet the requirements The characteristics of light, and the solar cell 16 has a fixed function, provides moderate mechanical strength, insulation protection, and provides a conductive path. * Please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of the explosion of various components before the template encapsulation. In the prior art, when a plurality of solar cells 16 are to be packaged between the upper glass 12 and the lower glass 14 to complete the double-glazed light-transmissive solar photovoltaic template, the lower glass 14 is firstly selected, and then A layer of ethylene vinyl acetate film (hereinafter referred to as plastic film) 181 is disposed on the lower glass layer 14, and then a plurality of solar cells 16 and copper foil 19 are laid on the lower plastic film 181, and an upper plastic film 183 is disposed on the plurality of plastic films 183. On the solar cell 16 and the copper foil 19, the upper glass 12 is finally disposed on the upper plastic film 183. Generally, the thickness of the plastic film used is between 〇.2 mm and 3 mm, and the more common users are 0 3 mm, 〇4 mm 盥 0_6 mm 〇 'subsequently with a predetermined hardening procedure' to make the lower plastic film 181 and the upper layer The plastic film 183 is melted', and after hardening, the transparent gel μ shown in Fig. 1 is opened, and the double-layer glass transparent solar photovoltaic template is packaged. However, in the prior art, the solar photovoltaic template package has a solar cell thickness of 300#m, and the light-transmissive building material integrated solar photovoltaic template has a light transmission relationship, as shown in FIG. The adjacent gap has 2^m to 4cm, and there is a need for transparent light transmission of more than 5cm around the four sides. Right too% of the photoelectric template finished product needs to reach the same thickness on all four sides. When the package is formed, the plastic film above and below the solar cell string must flow to the solar cell four-side gap to reach a uniform thickness, so it must be packaged and pressed. The longer ^ 1313515, or increase the higher temperature, so that the glass is pressed to make the plastic film flow evenly to the blank place, the result of the flow often causes the plastic film to fill all the voids and create a cavity and the solar cell string displacement The solar cell string is not straight. If the solar cell array is not straight and unsightly, it is regarded as a defective product and causes loss. Due to the flow of the plastic film, the solar cell is often driven to flow, and the shearing force causes the solar cell to break, forming a defective product and being scrapped. And the void will cause the heat rise when the solar cell is actually used: the cold shrinkage problem. The solar cell is easily broken under long-term use. At present, in order to solve this problem, the distance between the solar cell strings and the strings is fixed with a transparent tape. However, the cavity and the solar cell are not effectively solved. [Inventive] The object of the present invention is to solve the solar photovoltaic template in the packaging process. In the melting and hardening process, the plastic film can not fill all the voids and cause voids, and the solar cell strings are displaced, so that the solar cell strings are not arranged straight, and it becomes a defective product. The void causes long-term use of the sun ^ pool crack and plastic film flow, shearing causes the solar cell to rupture. ^Inventive Department discloses - a kind of hole surface, which can be thinner than the solar photovoltaic template, to encapsulate at least one solar cell on an upper substrate and to have a predetermined thickness of the film, which is substantially the same as the solar power And - the accommodating hole, the miscellaneous reading on the pool with the solar cell; the surface of the Wei Wei (four) turn the vinyl acetate B, when packaging, first provide the underlying substrate, set the next layer of plastic film under the sigh f with the hole surface and the sun The battery is placed on the lower plastic film, and the upper layer is set. After the jiL plastic film and the solar cell are placed, the upper substrate is placed on the upper plastic film and the upper Wei program is used to make the lower layer, the film, and the smooth plastic film are hardened. The sun-light board is packaged. 7 I313515 [Embodiment] Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the explosion of each component of the solar photovoltaic template/袈 in an embodiment of the present invention. The solar photovoltaic template 20 includes an upper layer - 22, an upper plastic film 26, a porous plastic film 3, a plurality of solar cells, an f-line steel foil 31, a lower plastic film 28, and a lower substrate 24, wherein The upper layer base #22 and the lower layer substrate 24 can have a high light transmittance and a certain hardness, so that the sunlight can be smoothly guided to the solar cell and can be maintained in the operating environment. : The integrity and durability of the structure, and the lower layer The substrate 24 may also be selected to be opaque = a material having a certain hardness, which is selected depending on the use thereof. In each of the embodiments of the present invention, the glass may be reinforced as the upper and lower substrates (reference numeral 22), the upper plastic film 26, the lower plastic film 28, and the porous plastic film 3, for example, _B, acetic acid An ester film (EVA), a stone rubber or an acrylic is used as an embodiment of the invention to disclose a porous plastic film 30 which is made to have the same thickness as a solar cell, and has the same length and width as the upper plastic film, and When encapsulating, the plurality of solar cells 32 are relatively red, and the number of the blanks is = 3 〇 1 (the hollowed out), and the accommodating holes 301 are also arranged in an array, and the length of the solar cells is larger to accommodate the sun. The battery is in it. The lower glass 24 is on the upper and lower plastic film 28, on the solar cell 32, and the apertured plastic film 30 and the plurality of solar cells are placed on the lower glass 24, and the upper plastic film 26 is placed on the porous plastic film 3 and a plurality of upper layers are disposed. The glass 22 is on the upper plastic film 26, and when the packaging is insulted, the lower glass 24 is first provided, and the lower plastic film 28 is provided in the layered solar panel 2 (Lamin. Please refer to g 5 a).彳 航 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬 硬
8 I3!35i5 穩定 當到達預設溫度120°C時，維持三十分鐘使其溫度 〇 五A’圖五A係為本發明-實施例太陽光電模 成型硬化程序第—階段示意圖。在第—階段，設 :知，將疊層好之太陽光電模板20放進封裝機 暂法^至，並把封裝機關上，上室44及下室46至真空 空管路閥^開啟，上室44及下室46通大氣 膜二JlV上、下室同時開始抽真空’此時，橡膠隔 查=42被抽至上室加熱板之下方，封裝機内之直空度 二=〇.5mmHg，而太陽光電模板2〇中之上層、£孔及 下層塑臈逐漸被熔融。 B’圖係為本發明—實關太陽光電模 J封裝，型硬化程序第二階段示意圖。第—階段完成 亩处主!進入第一階段’設定為2分鐘，此時將上室44至 真奸路閥⑽閉，通大氣之閥門開啟通 二則橡膠隔膜板往下壓至太陽光電模板20之上 之達到厚度均勻之目標。 4 i ΐ ^階段絲後，則將下室46至真空幫浦間之真空管 =at 之閥門開啟，並導人大氣以破“ ^幾40之真空狀態，關掉真空幫浦，完成封裝成型作 5. ，半成品送去烘箱交聯反應成型，溫 2Π^ 時間為25分鐘，則完成太陽光電模板 20父聯反應成型。 焉攸 閱圖六’圖六Α係為習知技術之太陽光電模板封 ^序、圖六B係為本發明—實施例之太陽光電 ϋΐί成型硬化程序圖。圖六A所示於第—階段中，ί ^價機升溫錄紅，將難叙溫賴室溫 c ’疋為預設之加熱溫度400,上室壓力搬與下室壓力4〇24〇 9 1313515 將降至0.5mmHg;於第二階段中，初始即會將上室壓力402 回升至與大氣壓力相同，以使橡膠隔膜板往下壓至太陽光電 模板之上，加壓一段時間後，導入大氣以破除封裝機之真 空狀態，關掉真空幫浦，將下室壓力404亦回升至與大氣 壓力相同，並開始降低封裝機之溫度，完成封裝成型作業。 圖六B所示近似圖六A，其中加熱溫度500亦為i2〇°c、上 室壓力502與下室壓力504之值亦相同，但由於加入了具孔 塑膜於太陽光電模板中，將會使得橡膠隔膜板下壓太陽&電 模板的時間大幅縮短，經由比較兩圖之差異可明顯得知。 在上述實施例中係利用具孔塑膜之加入，使得我們於封 裝成型作業的第二階段中，橡膠隔膜板往下壓至太陽光電模 板之上的時間，與習知技術相比較將大幅縮短，整體製程 時間亦相對減少，且只需輕輕壓下即可使太陽光電模板疊 ，間緊密結合於-起’因僅有具孔麵層需輕微流動以^ 複數個太陽電池包覆，並不會因而影響到太陽電池串位 移，或太陽電池串不直現象，且沒有空洞，可以得到較美 ，之成品，而太陽電池不會因為塑膜流動而帶動造成破 ^ ’巧成不良品’因此不必像習知技藝藉著黏貼膠帶以固 疋太陽電池串，且其具孔塑臈是依太陽電池串之位 ί顯，在任何規格之太陽光電模板中，本發明之效果皆二 本發明雖以較佳實例_如上，财 體僅止於上述實糊。對^ =可^ 了解並细其它元件或方式來產生_的功效者 2不1離本㈣之精神與範_所作之修改，均 在下述之申請專利範圍内。 ^匕3 1313515 【圖式簡單說明】 糟由以下詳細之描述結合所附圖示，將可輕易的了解上 述内容及此項發明之諸多優點，其中： * 圖一係為習知技術典型雙層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板 __ 側剖面示意圖； ' 圖二係為習知技術雙層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板中 ， 複數個太陽電池排列示意圖； - 圖三係為習知技術雙層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板封裝 前各元件***示意圖； 圖四係為本發明一實施例太陽光電模板封裝前各元件 ***示意圖； 鲁 圖五A係為本發明一實施例太陽光電模板封裝成型硬 化程序第一階段示意圖； 圖五B係為本發明一實施例太陽光電模板封裝成型硬 化程序第二階段示意圖； · 圖六A係為習知技術之太陽光電模板封裝成型硬化程 . 序圖； 圖六B係為本發明一實施例太陽光電模板封裝成型硬 化程序圖。8 I3! 35i5 Stabilization When the preset temperature is 120 °C, it is maintained for 30 minutes to make it 〇5 A'. Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the first stage of the solar photovoltaic mold hardening procedure of the present invention. In the first stage, it is known that the laminated solar photovoltaic template 20 is placed in the packaging machine, and the upper and lower chambers 44 and 46 are opened to the vacuum chamber. Room 44 and lower chamber 46 pass through the atmospheric membrane II JlV upper and lower chambers simultaneously start vacuuming' At this time, the rubber interval = 42 is pumped to the lower part of the upper chamber heating plate, and the straight space in the packaging machine is 2 = 5.5mmHg, and The upper layer of the solar photovoltaic module 2, the pores and the lower layer of plastic are gradually melted. The B' diagram is a schematic diagram of the second stage of the invention, the actual solar photovoltaic module J package, and the type hardening procedure. The first stage completes the acre of the main! Enter the first stage 'set to 2 minutes, at this time the upper chamber 44 to the sinister road valve (10) is closed, the valve through the atmosphere is opened, the second rubber diaphragm plate is pressed down to the solar photovoltaic template Above 20, the goal of achieving a uniform thickness. 4 i ΐ ^ After the stage wire, open the vacuum tube =at between the lower chamber 46 and the vacuum pump, and guide the atmosphere to break the vacuum of ^40, turn off the vacuum pump, and complete the package molding. 5. The semi-finished product is sent to the oven for cross-linking reaction molding, and the temperature is 2 Π ^ for 25 minutes, then the solar photovoltaic template 20 is formed by the parent reaction. See Figure 6 'Figure 6 Α is a well-known solar photovoltaic template seal ^序,图六B is the embodiment of the solar photovoltaic system of the invention - the embodiment of the hardening process. Figure 6A shows the first stage, ί ^ machine temperature rises red, it will be difficult to temper temperature room c '疋 is the preset heating temperature of 400, the upper chamber pressure and lower chamber pressure 4〇24〇9 1313515 will be reduced to 0.5mmHg; in the second stage, the initial chamber pressure 402 will initially rise to the same as atmospheric pressure. The rubber diaphragm plate is pressed down onto the solar photovoltaic template, and after being pressurized for a period of time, it is introduced into the atmosphere to break the vacuum state of the packaging machine, the vacuum pump is turned off, and the lower chamber pressure 404 is also raised to the same as the atmospheric pressure. And began to reduce the temperature of the packaging machine, complete the package into Figure 6B shows an approximate diagram of Figure A, in which the heating temperature 500 is also i2〇°c, the upper chamber pressure 502 and the lower chamber pressure 504 are the same, but due to the addition of a porous plastic film to the solar photovoltaic template. , the time for pressing the rubber diaphragm to press the sun & electro-template is greatly shortened, and it is obvious by comparing the difference between the two figures. In the above embodiment, the use of the perforated plastic film is added, so that we can perform the package molding operation. In the second stage, the time when the rubber diaphragm is pressed down onto the solar photovoltaic template will be greatly shortened compared with the conventional technology, and the overall processing time is also relatively reduced, and the solar photovoltaic can be made only by gently pressing down. The stencil stack is tightly bonded to the ridge. Because only the perforated surface layer needs to be slightly flowed to cover a plurality of solar cells, it does not affect the displacement of the solar cell string, or the solar cell string is not straight, and there is no Empty, you can get a more beautiful, finished product, and the solar battery will not be driven by the plastic film to cause the broken ^ 'good to become a defective product', so it is not necessary to use the adhesive tape to fix the solar battery string. And the hole-shaped plastic 臈 is according to the position of the solar battery string. In any specification of the solar photovoltaic template, the effect of the invention is two. Although the invention is based on the preferred example _ above, the financial body only ends at the above-mentioned solid paste. ^^可^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a typical double-glazed light-transmissive solar photovoltaic template of the prior art. __ Side profile diagram; ' Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of solar cell arrays in a conventional double-glazed light-transmissive solar photovoltaic template; - Figure 3 is a conventional double-glazed light-transmissive solar photovoltaic template package FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the explosion of each component before the solar photovoltaic template package according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5A is a solar photovoltaic template package molding hardening procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the second stage of the solar photovoltaic template encapsulation hardening procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6A is a conventional solar photovoltaic template encapsulation hardening process. Figure 6B In the embodiment of the present invention, a solar photovoltaic template package molding hardening program diagram is shown.
【主要元件符號說明】 1〇雙層玻璃透光型太陽光電模板 12上層玻璃 14下層玻璃 18透明膠質 183上層塑膜 20太陽光電模板 24下層基板 28下層塑膜 301容納孔 32太陽電池 16太陽電池 181下層塑膜 19導線銅箔 22上層基板 26上層塑膜 30具孔塑膜 31導線銅箔 40封裝機 11 1313515 42橡膠隔膜板 46下室 400、500加熱溫度 404、504下室壓力 44上室 47墊圈 402、502上室壓力[Main component symbol description] 1〇 double-glazed light-transmissive solar photovoltaic template 12 upper glass 14 lower glass 18 transparent colloid 183 upper plastic film 20 solar photovoltaic template 24 lower substrate 28 lower plastic film 301 receiving hole 32 solar battery 16 solar battery 181 lower layer plastic film 19 wire copper foil 22 upper layer substrate 26 upper layer plastic film 30 with hole plastic film 31 wire copper foil 40 packaging machine 11 1313515 42 rubber diaphragm plate 46 lower chamber 400, 500 heating temperature 404, 504 lower chamber pressure 44 upper chamber 47 washers 402, 502 upper chamber pressure
1212