1307568 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種電池電壓之電位平衡裝置，尤指 一種階層式電池電位平衡裝置與電路架構。 【先前技術】 在大多數的電池應用場合，除了在少數低電壓與低耗 — 能的電子設備外，皆將電池作串聯使用，此乃因為現今單 顆電池電壓不高，單獨使用時電能損耗較大。舉例來說， 在相同負載功率下，採用四顆電池串聯的系統比起採用單 • 顆電池的系統，其電壓與容量大了四倍，然其所需輸出電 流僅為單電池系統之四分之一，如此約可減少16倍的線 路傳輸損耗。使用串聯電池組雖有其優點，然而若不考慮 單電池間彼此特性差異，僅將其視為一個具高電壓與大容 量的“單電池”，則在實際應用上將會整體效能不如原先 所預期。 二次電池的充放電容量、充電轉換效率、初始電量、 内阻等特性，即使是同一批生產的產品也無法完全相同， 如此直接將這些具有些微差異的單電池串聯起來使用，或 * 許在剛開始使用時，不覺得性能有何不妥，然而隨著重複 充放電使用次數增加，使用者會逐漸發現電池電源可使用 的時間越來越短，常常需要重新充電，另外在充放電時， 覺得電池組的溫度比起新電池時高出許多；此導因於電池 組剛開始使用時，單電池間彼此差異不大，但隨著充放電 次增加時，將逐漸加大彼此的差異，如此惡性循環，使得 特性差的單電池越來越差，導致整個電池組的效能均受限 於此些特性較差的單電池。因此，目前產業為解決前述問 題，必須對串聯電池組中各顆單電池的電壓進行監控，並 5 1307568 利用電池電位平衡器來平衡單電池間因彼此特性差異所 造成儲能不均的現象，進而提升電池組實際可充放電量與 延長使用壽命。 串聯電池組中各電池端電壓的大小與電池容量及其 所儲存的電量有關，欲使各電池電壓相等，是一種能量轉 移動作；換言之，即將電池電壓較高的能量消耗或轉移至 電壓較低的電池中。在分類上以能量消耗與否，可分為消 耗式與非消耗式兩類電池電位平衡裝置：前者將電池電壓 較高的能量利用開關切換式電阻負載轉變為熱能或使用 > 開關切換式緩衝電容，達到電壓平衡的目的；後者採用切 換式直流轉換器使能量在電池中傳遞，其理論上若忽略開 關切換損失，可達到無損耗的傳遞。非消耗式電池電位平 衡裝置若以能量轉移是否牽涉總電池能量轉移，可進一步 分為總電量分配法及單元電量分配法兩種··前者乃汲取或 灌輸總串聯電池能量，以平衡各電池電壓，後者則透過相 鄰單電池間的能量傳遞，達成平衡目的。其中，總電量分 配法中若採用的電力轉換器為互相獨立的，則稱為分散型 電池電位平衡裝置，相對地，若採用單一電力轉換器，稱 為集中型電池電位平衡裝置。 依先前技術，第一圖顯示一種消耗式電池電位平衡裝 置之電路架構圖，藉由開關的動作，將端電壓較高之電地 3的能量消耗於各別電位平衡器2之負載電阻，雖然電路 架構簡單，但需要對各別電池端電壓進行偵測且有散熱問 題。在非消耗式電池電位平衡技術中，第二圖顯示一種基 於單元電量分配之電池電位平衡裝置之電路架構圖，基本 上以相鄰兩單元電池為平衡機制，將端電壓較高者之能量 傳送至較低者，雖然電路架構具有模組擴充性，但電位平 6 1307568 衡器2的數量比充電電池3的數量多一個且平衡速度慢； 第三圖顯示一種基於總電量分配之分散型電池電位平衡 裝置之電路架構圖，所有的直流轉換器電路為互相獨立 的，當電池電壓異於平均值時，啟動直流轉換器電路，將 過高的電池能量抽離而轉移至串聯電池組或由串聯電池 組提供額外能量至較低電壓的電池3，雖然控制自由度 高，但缺點為必須仰賴中控電路以決定轉換器動作，且電 路體積大、成本高；第四圖顯示一種基於總電量分配之集 中型電池電位平衡裝置之電路架構圖，使用單一直流轉換 • 器作為串聯電池組中各電池均壓機制，理論上，此集中式 均壓電路體積較小、成本較低，但匹配設計難度高且不具 有模組擴充性。此外，當串聯電池數量越來越多時，基於 總電量分配之電池電位平衡電路設計不易，且效率提升不 易。 【發明内容】 衣發明的目的係提供一種適用於高串聯數電池場合 之電池電位平衡裝置。 本發明的目的係提供一種適用於高串聯數電池場合 之階層式電池電位平衡電路架構。 為達上述目的本發明所提供一種階層式電池電位平 衡裝置，使用於複數個電池串聯之電位等化，其特徵在 於：該等電池分成複數個群組，每一群組由一個電位平衡 •器進行電池間電位等化，而不同群組由至少一個電位平衡 器進行群組間電位等化。 本發明提供一種階層式電池電位平衡裝置，包含複數 個電位平衡器，其特徵在於：該等電位平衡器具有階層式 7 1307568 結構，該階層式結構的第一層電位平衡器係進行相鄰單電 池間電位等化，其它層電位平衡器係進行相鄰串聯電池組 間電位等化。 本發明提供一種階層式電池電位平衡電路架構，用於 等化串聯電池組之電位，其特徵在於：該串聯電池組分成 複數個群組，每一群組由一個電位平衡器進行電池間電位 等化，而不同群組由至少一個電位平衡器進行群組間電位 等化。 根據本發明所實施的階層式電池電位平衡裝置與電 路架構平衡速度快，對於高串聯數電池組平衡速度快，而 使用的電位平衡器之電路設計容易，且能量轉換損失小。 【實施方式】 雖然本發明將參閱含有本發明較佳實施例之所附圖 式予以充份描述，但在此描述之前應瞭解熟悉本行之人士 可修改在本文中所描述之發明，同時獲致本發明之功效。 因此，須瞭解以下之描述對熟悉本行技藝之人士而言為一 廣泛之揭示，且其内容不在於限制本發明。 請參考第五圖，顯示本發明階層式電池電位平衡電路 架構圖。本發明電池電位平衡裝置包含複數個電位平衡 器，適用於高串聯數電池場合。該等電位平衡器具有階層 式結構5，該階層式結構的第一層（最底層）電位平衡器2 係進行相鄰單電池間電位等化，而第二層以後的電位平衡 器2係進行相鄰串聯電池組4(或群組）間電位等化，其中 較高層電位平衡器2所等化的串聯電池組4 (或群組）之電 池數量多於較低層電位平衡器2所等化的串聯電池組4 (或群組）之電池數量。 1307568 在第五圖所示的實施例中，本發明電池電位平衡裝置 例示性包含九個電位平衡器，用於十二個電池串聯組之電 位等化，該等電位平衡器形成三層的階層式結構5。第一 層電位平衡器分別對兩電池串聯之單電池間進行電位等 化，而兩電池串聯視為一群組4，所以第一層電位平衡器 2分別對應一群組等化單電池間的電位。第二層電位平衡 器2分別對三群組4間進行電位等化，換言之，第二層電 位平衡器2等化三個串聯電池組間的電位。第三層電位平 衡器則對兩大群組進行群組間電位等化，換言之，第三層 _ 電位平衡器等化兩個串聯電池組間（每一串聯電池組由六 個電池串聯）的電位。 根據本發明所實施的階層式電池電位平衡裝置與電 路架構，以第五圖所示為例，第一層與第三層電位平衡器 分別等化兩單電池間與兩大群組間的電位，而第二層電位 平衡器等化兩群組間的電位，所以電路設計容易且能量轉 換損失小，而階層式結構使電位平衡裝置具有快速平衡之 效。 本發明技術可適用於各式電池，例如鋰電池、鉛酸電 池等，且適用於高串聯數目電池應用場合，如分散式發電 系統，再生能源…等場合，而本發明電池電位平衡裝置與 電路架構採用包含的電位平衡器可針對不同應用場合選 擇不同的電路種類，如混合消耗式與非消耗式電位平衡 器。在詳細說明本發明的較佳實施例之後，熟悉該項技術 人士可清楚的瞭解，在不脫離下述申請專利範圍與精神下 可進行各種變化與改變，而本發明亦不受限於說明書之所 舉實施例的實施方式，例如：不同的群組間電池串聯數量 可相等或不相等；對應群組之電位平衡器採用消耗式或非 9 1307568 消耗式電位平衡器；每個群組可進一部細分數個次群組， 再利用至少一個電位平衡器等化次群組間的電位，而不同 的次群組間電池串聯數量可以相等或不相等；不同層的電 位平衡器所需等化的電位數量可相等或不相等。1307568 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a battery voltage potential balancing device, and more particularly to a hierarchical battery potential balancing device and circuit architecture. [Prior Art] In most battery applications, except for a small number of low-voltage and low-power electronic devices, the batteries are used in series. This is because the current single cell voltage is not high, and the power consumption is used alone. Larger. For example, at the same load power, a system with four batteries in series has four times the voltage and capacity compared to a system with a single battery, but the required output current is only four points for the single battery system. One, this can reduce the line transmission loss by about 16 times. Although the use of a series battery pack has its advantages, if it does not consider the difference in characteristics between the single cells, it is only regarded as a "single battery" with high voltage and large capacity, and the overall performance will be inferior to the original one in practical applications. expected. The characteristics of the secondary battery's charge and discharge capacity, charge conversion efficiency, initial charge, internal resistance, etc., even the same batch of products can not be identical, so directly connect these slightly different cells together, or * at the beginning When you use it, you don't feel the performance is wrong. However, as the number of repeated charge and discharge increases, users will gradually find that the battery power can be used for a shorter period of time, often need to be recharged, and when charging and discharging, the battery pack is felt. The temperature is much higher than that of the new battery; this is caused by the difference between the single cells when the battery pack is first used, but as the charge and discharge times increase, the difference between the cells will gradually increase, so the vicious circle This makes the poorly-performing single cells worse and worse, resulting in the performance of the entire battery pack being limited to such poorly-performing single cells. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the current industry must monitor the voltage of each single cell in the series battery pack, and 5 1307568 uses a battery potential balancer to balance the uneven energy storage caused by the difference in characteristics between the single cells. In turn, the actual charge and discharge capacity of the battery pack is increased and the service life is prolonged. The magnitude of each battery terminal voltage in the series battery pack is related to the battery capacity and the amount of power stored therein. To make the voltages of the batteries equal, it is an energy transfer action; in other words, the energy consumption of the battery voltage is higher or transferred to a lower voltage. In the battery. In terms of energy consumption, it can be divided into two types of battery potential balancing devices: consumption and non-consumption. The former converts the energy of the battery voltage into a thermal energy switch using a switch-switching resistance load or using > switch-switching buffer The capacitor achieves the purpose of voltage balance; the latter uses a switching DC converter to transfer energy in the battery. In theory, if the switching loss is neglected, lossless transmission can be achieved. If the non-consumption battery potential balancing device involves the total battery energy transfer due to energy transfer, it can be further divided into two methods: total electricity distribution method and unit electricity distribution method. The former is to draw or inject the total series battery energy to balance the battery voltage. The latter achieves balance by transmitting energy between adjacent cells. Among them, if the power converters used in the total power distribution method are independent of each other, they are called distributed battery potential balancing devices. In contrast, if a single power converter is used, it is called a centralized battery potential balancing device. According to the prior art, the first figure shows a circuit architecture diagram of a consumable battery potential balancing device. By the action of the switch, the energy of the electric ground 3 having a higher terminal voltage is consumed by the load resistance of each potential balancer 2, although The circuit structure is simple, but it is necessary to detect the voltage of each battery terminal and have a heat dissipation problem. In the non-consumable battery potential balancing technology, the second figure shows a circuit architecture diagram of a battery potential balancing device based on unit power distribution, basically using an adjacent two-cell battery as a balancing mechanism to transfer energy of a higher terminal voltage. To the lower, although the circuit architecture has modular expansion, the potential level 6 1307568 scale 2 is one more than the number of rechargeable batteries 3 and the balance speed is slow; the third figure shows a distributed battery potential based on total power distribution The circuit diagram of the balancing device, all the DC converter circuits are independent of each other. When the battery voltage is different from the average value, the DC converter circuit is started, the excessive battery energy is extracted and transferred to the series battery pack or connected in series. The battery pack provides additional energy to the lower voltage battery 3. Although the degree of control freedom is high, the disadvantage is that the central control circuit must be relied upon to determine the converter action, and the circuit is bulky and costly; the fourth figure shows a distribution based on total power. Circuit diagram of a centralized battery potential balancing device using a single DC converter as a series battery Each cell equalizing mechanism, theory, this centralized equalizing circuit smaller, less expensive, but difficult to design a high matching module has not scalable. In addition, when the number of series batteries is increasing, the battery potential balancing circuit based on the total power distribution is not easy to design, and the efficiency is not improved. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a battery potential balancing device suitable for use in a high series number battery. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a hierarchical battery potential balancing circuit architecture suitable for use in high series number batteries. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hierarchical battery potential balancing device for use in a potential equalization of a plurality of batteries in series, characterized in that the batteries are divided into a plurality of groups, each group consisting of a potential balance device. The potential between the cells is equalized, and the different groups are equalized by the potential between the groups by at least one potential balancer. The present invention provides a hierarchical battery potential balancing device comprising a plurality of potential balancers, characterized in that the equipotential balancer has a hierarchical 7 1307568 structure, and the first layer potential balancer of the hierarchical structure is adjacent to the single The potential between the cells is equalized, and the other layer potential balancer performs equalization between adjacent series battery packs. The present invention provides a hierarchical battery potential balancing circuit architecture for equalizing the potential of a series battery pack, characterized in that the series battery components are in a plurality of groups, and each group is subjected to a potential balancer for performing an inter-battery potential, etc. The different groups are equalized by the potential between the groups by at least one potential balancer. The hierarchical battery potential balancing device implemented according to the present invention has a fast balancing speed with the circuit structure, and has a fast balancing speed for the high series number battery pack, and the circuit design of the potential balancer used is easy, and the energy conversion loss is small. [Embodiment] The present invention will be fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, but it should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the invention described herein while obtaining The efficacy of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the following description is a broad disclosure of those skilled in the art and is not intended to limit the invention. Referring to the fifth figure, the architecture diagram of the hierarchical battery potential balancing circuit of the present invention is shown. The battery potential balancing device of the invention comprises a plurality of potential balancers, which are suitable for high series number batteries. The equipotential balancer has a hierarchical structure 5, and the first layer (bottommost layer) potential balancer 2 of the hierarchical structure performs potential equalization between adjacent cells, and the potential balancer 2 after the second layer performs The potential between the adjacent series of battery packs 4 (or groups) is equalized, wherein the series battery pack 4 (or group) equalized by the higher layer potential balancer 2 has more batteries than the lower layer potential balancer 2 The number of batteries in the series of battery packs 4 (or groups). 1307568 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the battery potential balancing device of the present invention illustratively includes nine potential balancers for potential equalization of twelve battery series groups, the equipotential balancer forming a three-layer hierarchy Structure 5. The first layer potential balancer respectively performs potential equalization between the cells connected in series with the two batteries, and the two cells are connected in series as a group 4, so the first layer potential balancer 2 respectively corresponds to a group of equalized cells. Potential. The second layer potential balancer 2 performs potential equalization on the three groups 4, in other words, the second layer potential balancer 2 equalizes the potential between the three series battery packs. The third layer potential balancer performs equalization between groups for the two groups. In other words, the third layer _ potential balancer equalizes between two series of battery packs (each series battery pack is connected in series by six batteries). Potential. According to the hierarchical battery potential balancing device and circuit architecture implemented by the present invention, the first layer and the third layer potential balancer respectively equalize the potential between the two single cells and the two groups, as shown in the fifth figure. The second layer potential balancer equalizes the potential between the two groups, so the circuit design is easy and the energy conversion loss is small, and the hierarchical structure makes the potential balance device have a fast balance effect. The technology of the present invention can be applied to various types of batteries, such as lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., and is suitable for high series number battery applications, such as distributed power generation systems, renewable energy sources, etc., and the battery potential balancing device and circuit of the present invention The architecture uses a potential balancer to select different circuit types for different applications, such as hybrid consumables and non-consumption potential balancers. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and the invention is not limited by the scope of the invention. Embodiments of the embodiment, for example, the number of series connection of batteries in different groups may be equal or unequal; the potential balancer of the corresponding group adopts a consumption type or a non-zero 1307568 consumption type potential balancer; each group may enter one Subdividing a number of subgroups, and then using at least one potential balancer to equalize the potential between the subgroups, and the number of battery series in different subgroups may be equal or unequal; the potential balancers of different layers need to be equalized The number of potentials can be equal or unequal.
10 1307568 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為消耗式電池電位平衡裝置之電路架構圖。 第二圖為基於單元電量分配之電池電位平衡裝置之 電路架構圖。 第三圖為基於總電量分配之分散型電池電位平衡裝 置之電路架構圖。 第四圖為基於總電量分配之集中型電池電位平衡裝 置之電路架構圖。 第五圖為本發明階層式電池電位平衡電路架構圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1— 直流電源 2- --電位平衡器 3 —電池 4 ---群組或串聯電池 5 ---階層式架構10 1307568 [Simple description of the diagram] The first figure shows the circuit architecture of the consumer battery potential balancing device. The second figure is a circuit diagram of a battery potential balancing device based on cell power distribution. The third figure is a circuit diagram of a distributed battery potential balancing device based on total power distribution. The fourth figure is a circuit diagram of a centralized battery potential balancing device based on total power distribution. The fifth figure is a structural diagram of a hierarchical battery potential balancing circuit of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1—DC power supply 2- --potentiometer 3 —Battery 4 ---Group or series battery 5 --- Hierarchical architecture