1239880 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種套筒，並且尤其係關於用於旋緊、放 鬆或保持一等大小六角形螺帽下之六角形部件的套筒。 【先前技術】 習知上，使用一個套筒用以轉動一具螺紋連接器的一個 部件，例如螺帽並且使用另一個套筒用以保持螺紋連接器 之另一部件，例如墊圈或一個底螺帽，以抵消反作用力’ 如吾等之專利 Nos.5,499,558; 6,253,642; 6,254,322; ® 6,254,323; 6,230,589; 6,461，093; 6,490,952 所揭示者。當 頂螺帽及底螺帽或墊圈具有相同的六角形外表面之時，在 許多情形中，它是難以將套筒之內六角開口套住底螺帽或 墊圈，因爲頂螺帽之六角外廓之周圍相對於六角外廓或底 螺帽或墊圈會周向偏移。 一方面頂螺帽、另一方面底螺帽或墊圈必須相對於彼此 轉動，因而從上視圖看去時，他們的六角形外廓會彼此一 致，其通常不易達成。 φ 【發明內容】 據此’本發明之一個目的在提供一套筒，以旋緊、放鬆 或保持一等大小六角形螺帽下之六角形部件，其可消除先 前技術的缺點。 爲了達成這些目的與其它隨後將淸楚了解的目的，本發 明之一個特色，簡言之，在於旋緊、放鬆或保持一等大小 - 六角形螺帽下之六角形部件的套筒，其包括有：套筒本體， 其具有一被套在六角形部件上的軸向部，該軸向部具有一 1239880 個內開口，以供六個沿徑向往外伸設之凹部，每個凹部在 圓周方向上有至少一個側腹部，其可與六角形零件之至少 一邊相互作用，該凹部係形成時，使該套筒本體可軸向地 適合在六角形螺帽上，其不僅在六角形部件之邊與六角形 螺帽之邊一致時，而且當六角形部件之邊自六角形螺帽之 邊周向偏移時。 當套筒依照本發明而設計時，即使頂六角形螺帽與底六 角形部件相對於彼此而周向偏移之時，仍可將套筒軸向移 動而先套在頂螺帽上，然後套在底部件上，因而在最後位 置中’套筒之具有凹部的內開口圍住底部件之六角形外 廓。 依照本發明之另一個特色，套筒本體之部分中具有凹部 的開口，具有六個徑向內尖端與1 2個徑向外尖端，且該每 個凹洞皆有一徑向外表面延伸於二個相鄰該徑向外尖端 間。 依照本發明之又另一個特徵，具有凹部的開口之形狀， 爲實質上與具有十二個凹部之開口的形狀一致，其中每個 第二向內延伸之尖端被移除。 本發明之新穎特徵特別係記載於隨附之申請專利範圍 中。然而’發明本身，在其結構及操作方法上，及其它附 加目的及優點，可由下列具體實施例的說明，參照其附圖 而淸楚地了解。 【實施方式】 第1圖顯示螺紋連接器之例，其整體賦予符號爲^，及用 於螺紋連接器之旋緊及放鬆的工具2 1。 1239880 螺紋連接器具有：螺栓2，其穿過一個如包含兩個彼此待 連接部件的物體3之中，一個被螺合在螺栓上之六角形螺 帽4 ’及一個六角形部件如墊圈或底螺帽5，其位於螺帽4 之下方且在螺帽4與物體3之表面之間。六角形螺帽4及 底螺帽5實質上係爲相等大小。底螺帽或墊圈5可具有與 螺栓2之螺紋螺合之內表面。 螺帽4係可藉工具2 1經由一個驅動套筒6所轉動，驅動 套筒具有一個下方軸向部，其設置有一個實質上與螺帽4 之外六角形外廓一致之內六角形開口，及一個連接到工具 2 1之轉軸7的上方軸向部。因此，當轉軸7被工具2 1所轉 動時，驅動套筒6被轉動，並且轉動螺栓2上之螺帽4。在 螺帽4轉動時，在螺栓2中及與底螺帽或與螺栓2連接之 墊圈5中產生反作用力。 爲了抵消反作用力，設置有一個保持套筒8。保持套筒8 具有一個上方軸向部9，其係藉由例如花鍵或相類物等而 連接到工具2 1之不動部分1 0，並且圍住轉軸7。保持套筒 8具有一個下方軸向部1 1，其係位於底部件之區域中如底 螺帽或墊圈5，且不可轉動地將底螺帽或墊圈5保持。其 可防止螺栓2轉動，與抵消反作用力。當保持套筒8以其 下方軸向部1 1保持底螺帽或墊圈5而使後者無法轉動時， 螺栓2亦無法轉動，而僅可在軸向上位移。 第2圖顯示保持套筒8之軸向部1 1的剖面。其具有一個 具備複數個凹部1 3的內開口 1 2，每個凹部具有至少一個側 腹1 4，其形成用以抵接底螺帽或墊圈5之外六角外廓之 至少一邊。具有凹部]3之內開口 1 2具有六個徑向之內 1239880 點1 5及十一*個外點1 6。每個凹部具有_^外表面1 7延伸於 兩個相鄰的徑向外點1 6之間。換言之，具有凹部1 3之內 - 開口 1 2的內表面實際上形成爲具有十六個內凹部（丨6點） 之傳統表面，其中每個第二徑向內點1 8被移除。 具有保持套筒8之軸向部1 1之凹部1 3的內開口 1 2的外 表面被形成’使保持套筒8被載置於底螺帽或墊圈5之外 六角外廓上，其係不僅在如第2圖所示當側腹1 4相對於底 螺帽或墊圈5之外六角外廓的對應邊一致時，而且當側腹 1 4在周圍方向相對於底螺帽或墊圈5之外六角外廓的對應 鲁 邊周向偏移時。其結果，且當頂螺帽4及下方螺帽或墊圈5 之外六角外廓相對於彼此而周向偏移時，保持套筒8可軸 向地移到頂螺帽4及下方螺帽或墊圈5之上方。 第2圖顯示，在旋緊狀態時之保持套筒8，當保持套筒8 之軸向部1 1的開口之側腹1 4抵接於六角形螺帽或墊圈5 之側表面下。第3圖係實質上同於第2圖，但是另外顯示 一個從頂螺帽4上方看去之視圖。從第3圖中可知，當螺 紋連接器被旋緊時，頂螺帽4有可能不使保持套筒8之軸 __ 向部1 1沿軸向往上被移除，因爲其與保持套筒8之軸向部 1 1之徑向往內延伸點重疊。爲了移除保持套筒8，其必須 如第4圖所示而轉動，使頂螺帽4之點位於保持套筒之凹 部1 3的區域中，並且隨後保持套筒8可沿著軸向往上被拉 動，並且從底螺帽或墊圈5及從頂螺帽4被移除。 據相信，雖然在所顯示的實施例中，保持套筒8係依照 _ 本發明而設計，但是很淸楚地，驅動套筒6亦可以相同方 式設計，其內開口及凹部係依照本發明而形成。 !239880 須了解，上述每一個元件，二個或多個一起時，可在其 它與上述不同的結構型式中獲致有用的應用。 雖然本發明在此係以用於旋緊或放鬆螺紋連接器之套筒 之實施形態而顯示及說明，但是並未限制於所顯示的細 節’因爲在不違離本發明之要旨下，可容許有許多修改及 結構變化。 不用更進一步的分析，上述已完全地揭示了本發明之要 旨，其他人藉應用目前知識即可容易地修改它於許多應用 中而不用省略其特徵，由先前技術之觀點，這些特徵公正 鲁 地構成了本發明真正或特定實施形態的主要特點。 在此聲明爲新穎並希望接受專利法保護的部分係記載於 申請專利範圍中。 【圖式之簡單說明】 第1圖係用於一附套筒以供旋緊及放鬆螺紋連接器之扭 力扳手橫剖面圖； 弟2圖係沿者桌1圖之I -1線截取之剖面圖，並且顯示一 個保持套筒與一底件部相啣接，如在旋緊模式下之底螺帽 φ 或墊圈下； 第3圖係實質上同於第2圖之圖，但是另外顯示一個阻 止保持套筒朝軸向移動之頂螺帽； 第4圖係實質上同於第3圖之圖，其中保持套筒被轉動， 使頂螺帽不再阻止保持套筒。 【主要元件符號說明】 1…螺紋連接器 2…螺栓 1239880 3…物體 4…六角形螺帽 5…墊圈或底螺帽 6…驅動套筒 7…轉軸 8…保持套筒 9···上方軸向部 1 〇…不動部分 1 1…下方軸向部 Φ 1 2…內開口 13…凹部 1 5…內點 1 6…外點 1 7…外表面 1 8…第2徑向內點 2 1…工具1239880 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a sleeve, and in particular to a sleeve for tightening, loosening or retaining hexagonal parts under a hexagonal nut of the same size. [Prior art] Conventionally, a sleeve is used to rotate a part of a threaded connector, such as a nut, and another sleeve is used to hold another part of a threaded connector, such as a washer or a bottom screw. Cap to counteract the reaction force 'as disclosed in our patent Nos. 5,499,558; 6,253,642; 6,254,322; ® 6,254,323; 6,230,589; 6,461,093; 6,490,952. When the top nut and the bottom nut or washer have the same hexagonal outer surface, in many cases, it is difficult to cover the inner hexagonal opening of the sleeve with the bottom nut or washer, because the hexagonal outside of the top nut The periphery of the profile will be offset circumferentially relative to the hexagonal profile or bottom nut or washer. On the one hand, the top nut, and on the other hand, the bottom nut or washer must be rotated relative to each other, so when viewed from above, their hexagonal profiles will coincide with each other, which is usually not easy to achieve. φ [Summary of the Invention] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a sleeve for tightening, loosening or retaining a hexagonal member under a hexagonal nut of the same size, which can eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. In order to achieve these objects and others that will be understood later, a feature of the present invention is, in short, to tighten, loosen, or hold a sleeve of a hexagonal component under a first size-a hexagonal nut, which includes There is: a sleeve body having an axial portion which is sheathed on a hexagonal member, the axial portion has a 1239880 internal openings for six recesses extending radially outward, each recess in the circumferential direction There is at least one side belly which can interact with at least one side of the hexagonal part. When the recess is formed, the sleeve body can be axially fit on the hexagonal nut, not only on the side of the hexagonal part. When it coincides with the edge of the hexagon nut, and when the edge of the hexagonal component is circumferentially offset from the edge of the hexagon nut. When the sleeve is designed in accordance with the present invention, even when the top hexagon nut and the bottom hexagonal member are circumferentially offset relative to each other, the sleeve can still be moved axially and placed on the top nut first, and then Sleeve on the bottom part, so in the final position, the inner opening of the sleeve with the recess surrounds the hexagonal profile of the bottom part. According to another feature of the present invention, a portion of the sleeve body has a recessed opening, having six radially inner tips and 12 radially outer tips, and each of the recesses has a radially outer surface extending from two Adjacent to the radially outer tip. According to yet another feature of the invention, the shape of the opening having the recess is substantially the same as the shape of the opening having twelve recesses, wherein each second inwardly extending tip is removed. The novel features of the invention are described in particular in the scope of the accompanying patent application. However, the invention itself, in its structure and operation method, and other additional objects and advantages, can be clearly understood from the description of the following specific embodiments with reference to the drawings. [Embodiment] Fig. 1 shows an example of a threaded connector. The overall reference symbol is ^, and a tool 21 for tightening and loosening the threaded connector. The 1239880 threaded connector has: a bolt 2, which passes through an object 3 containing two parts to be connected to each other, a hexagonal nut 4 'screwed onto the bolt, and a hexagonal part such as a washer or bottom The nut 5 is located below the nut 4 and between the nut 4 and the surface of the object 3. The hexagonal nut 4 and the bottom nut 5 are substantially equal in size. The bottom nut or washer 5 may have an inner surface to be screwed with the thread of the bolt 2. The nut 4 can be rotated by the tool 21 through a driving sleeve 6. The driving sleeve has a lower axial portion, which is provided with an inner hexagonal opening substantially consistent with the outer hexagonal profile of the nut 4. , And an upper axial portion connected to the rotating shaft 7 of the tool 21. Therefore, when the rotating shaft 7 is rotated by the tool 21, the driving sleeve 6 is rotated, and the nut 4 on the bolt 2 is rotated. When the nut 4 is rotated, a reaction force is generated in the bolt 2 and the washer 5 connected to the bottom nut or the bolt 2. To counteract the reaction force, a retaining sleeve 8 is provided. The holding sleeve 8 has an upper axial portion 9 which is connected to the fixed portion 10 of the tool 21 by, for example, a spline or the like, and surrounds the rotating shaft 7. The retaining sleeve 8 has a lower axial portion 11 which is located in the region of the bottom member such as the bottom nut or washer 5 and holds the bottom nut or washer 5 non-rotatably. It prevents the bolt 2 from turning and counteracts the reaction force. When the retaining sleeve 8 holds the bottom nut or washer 5 at the lower axial portion 11 so that the latter cannot be rotated, the bolt 2 cannot be rotated either and can only be displaced in the axial direction. FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the axial portion 11 of the holding sleeve 8. It has an inner opening 12 having a plurality of recesses 13, each recess having at least one side web 14, which is formed to abut against at least one side of a hexagonal outer contour of the bottom nut or washer 5. Inner opening with recess] 3 has six radially inward 1239880 points 15 and eleven * external points 16. Each recess has an outer surface 17 extending between two adjacent radially outer points 16. In other words, the inner surface with the recesses 13-the opening 12 is actually formed as a conventional surface with sixteen recesses (6 o'clock), with each second radial inner point 18 being removed. The outer surface of the inner opening 1 2 with the axial portion 11 1 of the retaining sleeve 8 and the recessed portion 1 3 is formed so that the retaining sleeve 8 is placed on the hexagonal outer contour of the bottom nut or washer 5. Not only when the corresponding sides of the flank 1 4 with respect to the hexagonal outer contour of the bottom nut or washer 5 are consistent as shown in FIG. 2, but also when the flank 1 4 is circumferentially opposed to the bottom nut or washer 5 When the corresponding edge of the outer hexagonal profile is offset circumferentially. As a result, when the outer hexagonal outlines of the top nut 4 and the lower nut or washer 5 are circumferentially shifted relative to each other, the retaining sleeve 8 can be moved axially to the top nut 4 and the lower nut or washer. 5 above. FIG. 2 shows that when the retaining sleeve 8 is tightened, the side webs 14 of the opening of the axial portion 11 of the retaining sleeve 8 abut against the side surface of the hexagonal nut or washer 5. FIG. 3 is substantially the same as FIG. 2 but shows a view from above the top nut 4. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that when the threaded connector is tightened, the top nut 4 may not allow the shaft __ of the retaining sleeve 8 to be removed upward in the axial direction because it is in contact with the retaining sleeve. The radial inward extension points of the axial portion 11 of 8 overlap. In order to remove the retaining sleeve 8, it must be rotated as shown in FIG. 4, so that the point of the top nut 4 is located in the region of the recess 13 of the retaining sleeve, and then the retaining sleeve 8 can be axially upward. Is pulled and removed from the bottom nut or washer 5 and from the top nut 4. It is believed that, in the embodiment shown, the retaining sleeve 8 is designed in accordance with the present invention, but it is clear that the driving sleeve 6 can also be designed in the same way, and the inner openings and recesses thereof are in accordance with the present invention. form. ! 239880 It must be understood that when each of the above components, two or more of them, can be used in other structural forms different from the above. Although the present invention is shown and described herein as an embodiment of a sleeve for tightening or loosening a threaded connector, it is not limited to the details shown because it is permissible without departing from the spirit of the invention There are many modifications and structural changes. Without further analysis, the above has fully revealed the gist of the present invention. Others can easily modify it in many applications by applying the current knowledge without omitting its features. From the viewpoint of the prior art, these features are fair and straightforward. It constitutes the main feature of the real or specific embodiment of the present invention. The part that is declared novel here and hopes to be protected by patent law is recorded in the scope of patent application. [Brief description of the drawings] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a torque wrench with a sleeve for tightening and loosening a threaded connector; Figure 2 is a cross-section taken along line I -1 of Figure 1 Figure, and shows that a retaining sleeve is connected to a bottom part, such as the bottom nut φ or washer in the tightening mode; Figure 3 is essentially the same as Figure 2, but shows another Top nut preventing the retaining sleeve from moving in the axial direction; FIG. 4 is substantially the same as FIG. 3, in which the retaining sleeve is rotated so that the top nut no longer blocks the retaining sleeve. [Description of main component symbols] 1 ... threaded connector 2 ... bolt 1239880 3 ... object 4 ... hexagonal nut 5 ... washer or bottom nut 6 ... drive sleeve 7 ... rotating shaft 8 ... retaining sleeve 9 ... upper shaft Directional part 1 〇 ... Fixed part 1 1 ... Axial part below Φ 1 2 ... Inner opening 13 ... Recessed part 1 5 ... Inner point 1 6 ... Outer point 1 7 ... Outer surface 1 8 ... Second radial inner point 2 1 ... tool