1231083 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種附減速機之直流無刷馬達。 【先前技術】1231083 (1) 发明. Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a DC brushless motor with a speed reducer. [Prior art]
直流無刷馬達與感應馬達比較，具有起動轉矩大，可 耐高頻的起動、停止之優點。又，與藉由所謂反相器控制 、驅動感應馬達之構造相比，比一般更可獲得高的精確度 。因此，近年來多使用於各種領域中。 直流無刷馬達一般係藉由稱爲驅動器的控制器進行控 制、驅動。該驅動器係單純的電氣零件，又，因爲目的在 於將工廠內較多的馬達本體集中在一處進行驅動、控制， 因此採用設置在與習知馬達本體分離的位置，藉由纜線連 結各個馬達本體之構成。Compared with induction motors, brushless DC motors have the advantages of high starting torque and high frequency start and stop resistance. In addition, compared with the structure controlled by the so-called inverter to drive the induction motor, it can achieve higher accuracy than in general. Therefore, it has been used in various fields in recent years. Brushless DC motors are generally controlled and driven by a controller called a driver. This driver is a pure electrical component, and because the purpose is to drive and control more motor bodies in the factory in one place, it is installed at a position separated from the conventional motor body and connected to each motor by a cable The composition of the ontology.
然而，近年來，因爲少量多品種的生產要求等，要求 有獨立控制、驅動工廠內的機械之設計，因此，漸漸地形 成在不同的場所可獨立驅動控制不同的機械較爲便利的狀 況。 以這種觀點，在近年來，例如，提案有非專利文獻1 (參照第2圖）所記載般，一體化馬達本體2與其驅動器 4 ’以單體驅動、控制馬達本體2之驅動器一體型之直流 無刷馬達6。 〔非專利文獻1〕 松下電器產業股份有限公司、馬達公司、電路一體型 -4 - (2) 1231083 無刷馬達之目錄。（2002年9月） 【發明內容】 〔發明所欲解決之課題〕However, in recent years, due to the production requirements of a small number of varieties, etc., the design of machinery in factories has to be independently controlled and driven. Therefore, it is gradually becoming more convenient to independently drive and control different machinery in different places. From this point of view, in recent years, for example, a non-patent document 1 (refer to FIG. 2) has been proposed to integrate the motor body 2 and its driver 4 ′ into a driver-integrated type that drives and controls the motor body 2 as a single unit. DC brushless motor 6. [Non-Patent Document 1] Panasonic Corporation, Motor Company, Integrated Circuit Type -4-(2) 1231083 Catalogue of Brushless Motors. (September 2002) [Summary of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
例如，在用於百葉窗或電動門之驅動的直流無刷馬達 ，或用於升降裝置之驅動的直流直流無刷馬達等中，必須 維持在任意的位置使被驅動對象停止的狀態。在這種用@ 中，當停止時，亦即關閉電源時，需要使被驅動對象維持 在停止狀態之機械的制動機構。 又，在這種用途使用直流無刷馬達時，由於旋轉速度 過高，因此多需附設減速機。For example, a DC brushless motor used for driving blinds or electric doors, or a DC brushless motor used for driving a lifting device, etc., must be maintained at an arbitrary position to stop the driven object. In this use @, when stopping, that is, when the power is turned off, a mechanical braking mechanism is required to keep the driven object in a stopped state. In addition, when a brushless DC motor is used for this purpose, a reduction gear is often required because the rotation speed is too high.
在驅動器一體型之直流無刷馬達附設機械性的制動機 構時，例如在馬達本體的輸出軸側附設該機械制動機構時 ，結果該機械制動機構係挾於馬達本體與減速機之間，產 生難以維修該機械制動機構的問題。又，將該機械制動機 構附設在與驅動器的馬達本體相反側時，馬達本體的馬達 軸必須形成貫通驅動器的中央之構成，產生所謂驅動器難 以設計的問題等。 本發明係有鑒於這種習知的問題而硏創者，尤其是在 驅動一體型的直流無刷馬達中，以提供一種將該驅動器、 馬達本體、機械制動機構、及減速機技術性地進行最合理 的配置之構造作爲課題。 〔用以解決課題之方案〕 (3) 1231083 本發明係在藉由驅動器控制的直流無刷馬達的馬達本 體一體連結減速機，係具備有··可對上述馬達本體的馬達 軸之旋轉施加制動的機械制動機構，依上述驅動器、上述 機械制動機構、上述馬達本體、及上述減速機的輸入軸之 順序安裝於相同軸線上，以解決上述課題。When a mechanical brake mechanism is attached to the driver-integrated DC brushless motor, for example, when the mechanical brake mechanism is attached to the output shaft side of the motor body, the mechanical brake mechanism is interposed between the motor body and the reducer, resulting in difficulty. Problems repairing the mechanical brake mechanism. In addition, when the mechanical brake mechanism is attached on the side opposite to the motor body of the driver, the motor shaft of the motor body must be formed so as to penetrate the center of the driver, causing problems such as the difficulty in designing the driver. The present invention was created in view of such a conventional problem, especially in a drive-integrated DC brushless motor, so as to provide a technical implementation of the driver, a motor body, a mechanical braking mechanism, and a speed reducer. The most reasonable configuration is the subject. [Solutions to Solve the Problem] (3) 1231083 The present invention is an integrally connected reducer to the motor body of a brushless DC motor controlled by a driver, and is equipped with a brake that can apply to the rotation of the motor shaft of the motor body The mechanical braking mechanism is installed on the same axis in the order of the driver, the mechanical braking mechanism, the motor body, and the input shaft of the speed reducer in order to solve the above problems.
在本發明中，由於係以驅動器、機械制動機構、馬達 本體、及減速機（之輸入軸）的順序組裝於相同軸線上， 因此不需使馬達本體之馬達軸貫通於驅動器。又，由於驅 動器係與馬達本體一體化，故不需在外部另外設置其他用 途的驅動器（控制器），亦不需在其間附設纜線。 又’由於機械制動機構係挾於驅動器與馬達本體之間 ，因此以最小限度結束馬達本體與馬達軸的延長，且，取 出驅動器（存有油等）比取出減速機簡單。亦即，例如驅 動器挾於驅動器與馬達本體之間，可防止其維修困難之不 良狀況產生於未然。In the present invention, since the driver, the mechanical braking mechanism, the motor body, and the reducer (the input shaft) are assembled on the same axis in the order, it is not necessary to make the motor shaft of the motor body penetrate the driver. In addition, since the driver is integrated with the motor body, there is no need to install another driver (controller) for other purposes, and it is not necessary to attach a cable between them. Also, since the mechanical brake mechanism is connected between the driver and the motor body, the extension of the motor body and the motor shaft is ended to a minimum, and it is easier to remove the driver (with oil, etc.) than to remove the reducer. That is, for example, the driver is sandwiched between the driver and the motor body, which can prevent the unfavorable condition of the maintenance from occurring in advance.
此外’上述驅動器係在上述機械制動機構側具有驅動 器蓋’且該驅動器蓋係兼爲該機械制動機構之蓋，在進行 機械維修機構的維修之際，在附有蓋的狀態下可確實取出 驅動器（大槪完全獨立的狀態）。又，藉由取出該驅動器 ’可使機械制動機構露出，可立刻進入機械制動機構之維 修0 【實施方式] 依據以下圖面詳細說明本發明之實施形態例。 -6- (4) 1231083 第1圖係應用本發明的實施形態之附減速機的直流無 刷馬達之例。 該附減速機的直流無刷馬達1 0係在相同軸線L上依 序具有：驅動器1 2 '機械制動機構1 4、馬達本體1 6，更 連續的在相同軸線L上具有減速機1 8。 上述驅動器1 2係將單層或3層的交流（A C )變換爲 直流（D C )，並且產生用以控制驅動馬達本體1 6的電力 。該驅動器1 2係內藏再生制動機構（省略圖示），以可 回收在制動時產生的制動能量之方式設置。此外，藉由該 驅動器1 2的功能制動馬達本體1 6係爲徹底減少旋轉中的 旋轉速度，而不具有維持停止中的制動之功能。該驅動器 1 2本身的構成由於與以往相同，因此省略詳細的圖示及 具體的說明。 上述機械制動機構1 4即使在電源OFF時，亦可機械 性地對於馬達本體1 6的旋轉施加制動。該機械制動機構 1 4的中央部係延伸***有馬達本體1 6之馬達軸20，旋轉 圓板（第1摩擦板）22形成可與該馬達軸20 —體旋轉。 又，馬達蓋24介以螺栓26固定在外殼本體28。在該馬 達蓋24上與上述旋轉圓板22對峙並介以螺栓32固定有 固定圓板（第2摩擦板）3 0。 機械制動機構1 4係包含電源OFF時，在停止時藉由 未圖示的彈簧維持旋轉圓板22及固定圓板3 0被按壓之狀 態（制動狀態），在運轉時產生克服該按壓力的電磁力， 形成解放狀態之構成。藉由此時解放電流之增減，可控制 (5) 1231083 所產生的電磁力，亦可調整所施加的制動力。 上述馬達本體1 6係爲無刷式，藉由直流（DC )而可 驅動。有關該馬達本體1 6之旋轉的控制係全部從驅動器 1 2側接受之構成。 上述減速機1 8係採用在該例中具有搖動內接咬合型 的行星齒輪構造。亦即，馬達本體1 6之馬達軸2 0係延伸 至減速機1 8的內部，作爲減速機1 8的輸入軸（4 0 )之功 能。該輸入軸（40 )之外周係介以偏心體42搖動自如地 組裝有外齒齒輪4 4，與固定狀態之內齒齒輪4 6內接咬合 。外齒齒輪44與內齒齒輪46係具有1至3程度的些微齒 數差。在該減速機1 8介以內銷48使外齒齒輪44之自轉 成分傳達至載子50，形成從與該載子50 —體化之輸出軸 52取出動力之構成。 此外，馬達本體1 6之負載側蓋6 0係兼作爲減速機 1 8的輸入側蓋，與外殼本體2 8 —體形成。減速機1 8的 負載側蓋6 4係在與內齒齒輪4 6 —體化之每一減速機外殼 66介以螺栓68固定於外殼本體28。 從第1圖可知，驅動器1 2係在機械制動機構1 4側具 備有驅動器蓋70，該驅動器蓋70係形成兼具機械制動機 構的蓋之構成。驅動器蓋70係介以螺栓72與外殼本 體2 8之突緣部74固定連結。驅動器1 2側與機械制動機 構1 4及馬達本體1 6側之電性連結係介以纜線8 0、82進 卸不 裝時 以裕 介餘 性有 利具 便 度 的長 時的 離線 分纜 慮在 考， 係外 結此 連 。 之結 2 連 8 4 ， 8 8座 線插 纜的 。 如 行自 (6) 1231083 需要插座。 然後，說明該實施形態的作用。 馬達本體1 6基本上係藉由以驅動器1 2控制的直流驅 動電流控制（包含再生制動）該馬達軸2 0的旋轉狀態。 馬達軸2 0旋轉之期間基本上機械制動機構1 4係維持在解 放狀態。馬達20的旋轉係直接傳達至減速機1 8側以成爲 減速機1 8的輸入軸（40 )之旋轉，根據周知的作用減速 至特定的減速比並從輸出軸5 2輸出。 在此，馬達軸2 0係用以在停止中維持其停止狀態， 將機械制動機構1 4的解放電流設爲OFF，藉由彈簧的彈 壓力使旋轉圓板2 2及固定圓板3 0摩擦接合。藉此，特別 是不需消耗電力，而可維持該制動狀態。因而，例如當百 葉窗 '電動門、各種升降裝置等藉由重力落下之機器等成 爲被驅動對象時，可在任意的位置上固定該被驅動對象。 在該實施形態中，由於在馬達本體1 6 —體連結有驅 動器1 2，故不需要另外設置其他的驅動器（控制器）， 亦不需使上述構件電性連接的纜線等。又，由於機械制動 機構1 4配置於馬達本體1 6與驅動器1 2之間，故以最小 限度結束馬達軸2 0的延長，因爲馬達軸2 0不通過驅動器 1 2的中心，故驅動器1 2的設計亦容易。 又，藉由取出螺栓72，可在每一驅動器蓋70取出驅 動器1 2，該取出係例如（存在有油）與取出減速機1 8相 比極爲簡單。又，介以插座8 4使纜線8 0、8 2裝卸自如地 連結，故驅動器1 2之纜線8 0 ' 8 2的分離、再結合亦容易 (7) 1231083 又，由於驅動器蓋7〇兼作爲機械制動機構1 4之蓋， 故當取出驅動器1 2時，由於機械制動機構1 4露出，故該 機械制動機構1 4的維修容易。 另外，由於機械制動機構1 4不存在於馬達本體丨6與 減速機1 8之間，因此可容易實現馬達軸20成爲減速機 1 8的輸入軸（4 0 )之構成以維持高剛性。 藉由以上構成，一邊防止附減速機的直流無刷馬達 1 〇之軸方向增大，一邊以高剛性的狀態合理連結四個構 成要素亦即驅動器1 2、機械制動機構1 4、馬達本體丨6、 減速機1 8。 此外，在上述實施形態中，雖應用搖動內接咬合型的 行星齒輪構造之減速機作爲減速機1 8，但本發明並不限 定減速機的具體構成。 又，機械制動機構1 4的構成亦不限定於上述構成。 〔發明之功效〕 根據本發明，特別是有關一種具有驅動器、機械制動 機構之附減速機的直流無刷馬達，係可獲得一邊極力防止 不良狀況的產生或軸方向長的增大等問題的產生，一邊合 理地連結、一體化各要素之優良效果。 [圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係應用本發明之附減速機之直流無刷馬達的構 -10- (8) 1231083 成例之縱剖面圖。 第2圖係習知的驅動體型之直流無刷馬達的構成例之 縱剖面圖。 〔元件符號說明〕 1 〇 :附減速機之直流無刷馬達 1 2 :驅動器 1 4 :機械制動機構 1 6 :馬達本體 1 8 :減速機 2 0 :馬達軸 2 2 :旋轉圓板 2 4: 馬達蓋 2 8 :殻本體 3 0 :固定圓板 4 0 :輸入軸（馬達軸） 4 2 :偏心體 4 4 :外齒齒輪 4 6 :內齒齒輪 4 8 :內銷 50 :載子 5 2 :輸出軸 60 :馬達本體的負載側蓋 64 :減速機的負載側蓋 - 11 - (9) (9)1231083 66 :減速機外殼 7 〇 :驅動器蓋 8 0、8 2 :纜線 84 :插座 L . •軸線In addition, the above-mentioned driver has a driver cover on the side of the mechanical brake mechanism, and the driver cover also serves as a cover of the mechanical brake mechanism. When performing maintenance on the mechanical maintenance mechanism, the driver can be reliably taken out with the cover attached ( Dasao is completely independent). In addition, by taking out the driver, the mechanical brake mechanism can be exposed and the maintenance of the mechanical brake mechanism can be immediately entered. [Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings. -6- (4) 1231083 Fig. 1 shows an example of a brushless DC motor with a reduction gear to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied. The DC brushless motor 10 with a speed reducer has the following in order on the same axis L: a driver 12 'mechanical braking mechanism 14, a motor body 16, and a speed reducer 18 continuously on the same axis L. The driver 12 converts a single-layer or three-layer AC (AC) to a DC (DC), and generates electric power for controlling the driving motor body 16. The driver 12 and 12 have a built-in regenerative braking mechanism (not shown) and are installed so that the braking energy generated during braking can be recovered. In addition, the function of the driver 12 to brake the motor body 16 is to reduce the rotation speed during rotation completely, and does not have the function of maintaining the brake during stopping. Since the structure of the driver 12 itself is the same as in the related art, detailed illustrations and detailed descriptions are omitted. The mechanical braking mechanism 14 can mechanically apply a brake to the rotation of the motor body 16 even when the power is turned off. A motor shaft 20 of the motor body 16 is inserted into the central portion of the mechanical braking mechanism 14 and a rotating disc (first friction plate) 22 is formed so as to be rotatable with the motor shaft 20 as a whole. The motor cover 24 is fixed to the case body 28 via bolts 26. A fixed circular plate (second friction plate) 30 is fixed on the motor cover 24 to face the above-mentioned rotating circular plate 22 and bolts 32 are fixed thereto. The mechanical brake mechanism 1 and 4 include a state in which the rotary disc 22 and the fixed disc 30 are pressed (braking state) by a spring (not shown) when the power is turned off, and a force to overcome the pressing force is generated during operation. Electromagnetic force forms the state of liberation. By liberating the increase or decrease of the current at this time, the electromagnetic force generated by (5) 1231083 can be controlled, and the braking force applied can also be adjusted. The above-mentioned motor body 16 is a brushless type and can be driven by a direct current (DC). The control of the rotation of the motor body 16 is all received from the driver 12 side. The above-mentioned reducer 18 has a planetary gear structure having a swing-in meshing type in this example. That is, the motor shaft 20 of the motor body 16 extends to the inside of the reducer 18, and functions as an input shaft (40) of the reducer 18. The outer periphery of the input shaft (40) is oscillated freely via an eccentric body 42. An external-toothed gear 4 4 is assembled to mesh with the internal-toothed gear 4 6 in a fixed state. The externally toothed gear 44 and the internally toothed gear 46 have a slight difference in the number of teeth of about 1 to 3. In this reducer 18, the rotation component of the externally toothed gear 44 is transmitted to the carrier 50 via the internal pin 48, and the power is taken out from the output shaft 52 integrated with the carrier 50. In addition, the load side cover 60 of the motor body 16 is also used as the input side cover of the reducer 18, and is formed integrally with the housing body 28. The load side cover 6 4 of the reducer 18 is attached to each reducer housing 66 which is integrated with the internal gear 4 6 and is fixed to the housing body 28 via bolts 68. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the driver 12 is provided with a driver cover 70 on the side of the mechanical brake mechanism 14, and the driver cover 70 is formed as a cover that also serves as a mechanical brake mechanism. The driver cover 70 is fixedly connected to the flange portion 74 of the casing body 28 through a bolt 72. The electrical connection between the driver 1 2 side and the mechanical brake mechanism 14 and the motor body 16 side is via the cables 8 0 and 82. When the machine is not installed or removed, it has long-term off-line cable considerations, which is more convenient and convenient. During the exam, the department is connected. The knot 2 is connected with 8 4 and 8 8 sockets. Such as (6) 1231083 Socket is required. Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described. The motor body 16 basically controls (including regenerative braking) the rotation state of the motor shaft 20 by a DC driving current controlled by the driver 12. During the rotation of the motor shaft 20, the mechanical brake mechanism 14 is basically maintained in a released state. The rotation system of the motor 20 is directly transmitted to the reducer 18 side to become the rotation of the input shaft (40) of the reducer 18, and is decelerated to a specific reduction ratio by a well-known action and output from the output shaft 52. Here, the motor shaft 20 is used to maintain the stopped state during the stop, the liberated current of the mechanical brake mechanism 14 is set to OFF, and the rotating circular plate 22 and the fixed circular plate 30 are rubbed by the elastic force of the spring. Join. This makes it possible to maintain the braking state without consuming power in particular. Therefore, for example, when a shutter, an electric door, various lifting devices, and the like that fall by gravity become the driven object, the driven object can be fixed at an arbitrary position. In this embodiment, since the driver 12 is integrally connected to the motor body 16, it is not necessary to provide another driver (controller), and it is not necessary to electrically connect the above-mentioned components with cables or the like. Since the mechanical brake mechanism 14 is disposed between the motor body 16 and the driver 12, the extension of the motor shaft 20 is ended to a minimum. Since the motor shaft 20 does not pass through the center of the driver 12, the driver 1 2 Design is also easy. In addition, by removing the bolt 72, the driver 12 can be removed at each driver cover 70. This removal system (e.g., oil is present) is extremely simple compared to removing the reducer 18. In addition, the cables 8 0 and 8 2 are detachably connected via the socket 8 4, so it is easy to separate and re-connect the cables 8 0 '8 2 of the driver 12 (7) 1231083. Also, the driver cover 7 Also serves as a cover for the mechanical brake mechanism 14, so that when the driver 12 is removed, the mechanical brake mechanism 14 is exposed, so the maintenance of the mechanical brake mechanism 14 is easy. In addition, since the mechanical braking mechanism 14 does not exist between the motor body 6 and the speed reducer 18, the motor shaft 20 can be easily constituted as an input shaft (40) of the speed reducer 18 to maintain high rigidity. With the above configuration, while preventing the axial direction of the DC brushless motor 10 with a reduction gear from increasing, the four components are reasonably connected in a highly rigid state, namely the driver 1 2, the mechanical braking mechanism 1 4, and the motor body 丨6. Reducer 1 8. In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although a reduction gear of a planetary gear structure with a swing-in meshing type is used as the reduction gear 18, the present invention is not limited to a specific configuration of the reduction gear. The configuration of the mechanical brake mechanism 14 is not limited to the above configuration. [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, in particular, it relates to a brushless DC motor with a drive and a mechanical brake mechanism and a speed reducer, which can prevent the occurrence of problems or increase the axial length of the motor while preventing the occurrence of problems. On the one hand, the excellent effects of rationally connecting and integrating each element. [Brief description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of the structure of a DC brushless motor with a speed reducer -10- (8) 1231083. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a conventional brushless DC motor of a driving type. [Description of component symbols] 1 〇: DC brushless motor with reducer 1 2: Driver 1 4: Mechanical braking mechanism 1 6: Motor body 1 8: Reducer 2 0: Motor shaft 2 2: Rotating circular plate 2 4: Motor cover 2 8: Housing body 3 0: Fixed circular plate 40: Input shaft (motor shaft) 4 2: Eccentric body 4 4: External gear 4 6: Internal gear 4 8: Internal pin 50: Carrier 5 2: Output shaft 60: Load side cover of the motor body 64: Load side cover of the reducer-11-(9) (9) 1231083 66: Reducer case 7 〇: Drive cover 8 0, 8 2: Cable 84: Socket L • Axis
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