TWI226365B - Vapor phase neutralization in integrated solvent deasphalting and gasification - Google Patents

Abstract

In this invention a heavy crude is heated to from about 300 DEG C to about 600 DEG C. The crude is maintained at this temperature and gases are flashed off the crude. Salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride react with water in the crude to form metal hydroxides and hydrochloric acid. Water, or preferably steam, may be advantageously admixed with the crude. Asphaltenes and other solids are subsequently separated from the heavy crude. The asphaltenes are gasified. Medium or high pleasure steam is advantageously obtained from the gasification process. The steam is advantageously admixed with the heated crude to provide additional water and heat, as well as to carry away the hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid is separate from the crude in a flash drum. The vapors are neutralized.

Description

1226365 Λ71226365 Λ7

五、發明說明（1 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明之领域 本發明係關於重油處理的領域，該重油包含鈣及鎂鹽。 特別地：本發明係關於將該鹽類轉換成非腐蝕性的氧化物 且Λ、：後可選擇地在脱瀝青步驟中從重油裡移除這些氧化 物。 本發明之背景 通¥發現原油與鹽水混在一起。一般該鹽水包含不同比 例的氯㈣及氣㈣和鎂。該油及水在其產生時遭遇到高 度的亂流。這些作用形成乳化物，其中水滴被分散遍佈原 油相中。混合09程度決定分散水滴的尺寸，並因此決定乳 化物的穩定性到某些程度，因爲水滴的尺寸越小，要*** 乳化物越困難。在原油中原有之界面活性劑的存在也以形 成堅固的面際層來穩疋該乳化物，該面際層避免水滴互相 接觸及結合。 因此’接著生產’原油多多少少會包含水份，且此水份 必須被移除。水移除的作用被稱爲原油脱水作用。一些乳 化物可單獨以加熱被分解（break d〇Wn)，但更常需要添加減 低表面張力的化學試劑，來達到此目的。通常使用加熱及/ 或化學試劑是足以減少水的含量，且更重要的是減少鹽的 含量到可接受的份量，但有時必須使用靜電沉澱。 脱水過的油一般包含0·1及3·〇體積％之間的水份。然而 ’若所餘水份的鹽份鬲’原油的鹽含量也會高，例如：在 約100及5〇〇〇重量百萬分之一部分，甚至s是低量的水份存 在時。重原油一般具有的水及鹽含量是在這些範圍的較高 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） * ^·裝--------訂---------. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Λ7 1226365 五、發明說明（2 ) 端。此鹽是不想要的’因爲鹽的存在降低了原油的價値， 導致腐蝕和管線及r游蒸餾塔的逆流，且可毒化下游精煉 製程所用的觸媒。 烴進料，如：石油原油、油氣等，被加以不同的製程， 以單離並分出不同餾份的進料。在精煉製程中，進料被秀 餾，以提供輕質烴類、汽油、石油腦、煤油、油氣等。較 低沸點的餾份從蒸餾塔中以塔頂餾份回收。中間物組份從 蒸餾塔中以側餾份回收。餾份被冷卻、冷凝、且送到收偉 及加工設備中。不論使用什麼種類的石油進料做爲進料， 蒸餾設備被加以酸類的腐蝕活性，如·· Hj、鹽酸、有機 酸類、及H2C〇3。 一般用於精煉製程系統低溫部份（即：水低於其露點的存 在處）中之金屬上的腐蚀性侵蝕，通常是一個電化學反應， 形式爲在活性金屬上的酸侵蝕，是根據下列的方程式： (1) 在陰極，Fe(s) = Fe2 + 2e- (2) 在陽極，2H + + 2e_ = H2(g) 水相可以是包含於要被加入之烴類中的水，及/或添加做 爲水蒸氣汽提目的之製程中的水。冷凝水的酸度是由於在 冷凝物中溶解的酸類，主要是鹽酸、有機酸、H2S /及 Η^〇3。鹽酸，最麻煩的腐钱性物質，是由原來存在於鹽 水中的氯化鈣及鎂水解所形成的。 1 通常需要從原油中移除鹽是以潔淨水或低鹽度水相洗綠 ，給與一定程度的混合，以確保在原油中高鹽度水與低鹽 度洗條水之間的適當接觸，且然後進行分離製程。此製程 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 鲁裝--------訂---------. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -5 1226365V. Description of the invention (1) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics Field of the invention The present invention relates to the field of heavy oil processing, which contains calcium and magnesium salts. In particular, the present invention relates to converting the salts into non-corrosive oxides, and Λ ,: and later optionally remove these oxides from the heavy oil in the deasphalting step. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It was found that crude oil was mixed with brine. Generally, the brine contains different ratios of chlorotritium and tritium and magnesium. The oil and water encountered high levels of turbulence when it was produced. These effects form emulsions in which water droplets are dispersed throughout the crude oil phase. The degree of mixing 09 determines the size of the dispersed water droplets, and therefore the stability of the emulsion to some extent, because the smaller the size of the water droplets, the more difficult it is to split the emulsion. The presence of the original surfactant in the crude oil also stabilizes the emulsion by forming a strong interfacial layer, which prevents the water droplets from contacting and combining with each other. So the 'next production' crude oil will more or less contain water and this water must be removed. The effect of water removal is called crude oil dehydration. Some emulsions can be broken down by heating alone (break down), but it is more often necessary to add chemicals that reduce surface tension to achieve this. The use of heat and / or chemicals is usually sufficient to reduce the water content, and more importantly to reduce the salt content to acceptable portions, but sometimes electrostatic precipitation must be used. The dehydrated oil generally contains water between 0.1 and 3.0% by volume. However, the salt content of the crude oil if the remaining water content is high, for example, when about 100 and 5000 parts per million by weight, even when s is a low amount of water. Heavy crude oil generally has a higher water and salt content in these ranges. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 public love) * ^ installed ------ order- -------. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Λ7 1226365 V. Description of the invention (2). This salt is undesirable because the presence of the salt reduces the price of crude oil, causes corrosion and backflow of pipelines and r distillation columns, and can poison catalysts used in downstream refining processes. Hydrocarbon feeds, such as: petroleum crude oil, oil and gas, etc., are subjected to different processes to separate and separate feeds of different fractions. In the refining process, the feed is distilled to provide light hydrocarbons, gasoline, petroleum naphtha, kerosene, oil and gas, etc. The lower boiling point fraction is recovered from the distillation column as an overhead fraction. The intermediate component is recovered from the distillation column as a side stream. The fractions are cooled, condensed, and sent to the harvesting and processing equipment. No matter what kind of petroleum feed is used as the feed, the distillation equipment is subjected to the corrosive activity of acids, such as Hj, hydrochloric acid, organic acids, and H2CO3. Corrosive attack on metals in the low temperature part of the refining process system (ie where water is below its dew point) is usually an electrochemical reaction in the form of acid attack on active metals based on the following (1) At the cathode, Fe (s) = Fe2 + 2e- (2) At the anode, 2H + + 2e_ = H2 (g) The water phase can be water contained in the hydrocarbon to be added, and / Or add water in the process for steam stripping purposes. The acidity of the condensate is due to the acids dissolved in the condensate, mainly hydrochloric acid, organic acids, H2S / and ^^ 3. Hydrochloric acid, the most troublesome money-corrupting substance, is formed by the hydrolysis of calcium chloride and magnesium originally present in saline water. 1 It is usually necessary to remove salt from crude oil by washing it with clean water or low-salinity water, and mixing it to a certain degree to ensure proper contact between high-salinity water and low-salinity washing bar in crude oil. And then a separation process is performed. The paper size of this process applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Lu Zhuang -------- Order ----- ----. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy-5 1226365

,-攸祕作；"，小逆，即：約5體積百分比的潔淨 氺或，鹽度的丨，被添加到脱水的原油中。當在此情況下 ”h. 的说合，以在鹽水滴非·或低鹽水滴及所 添加的反孔化劑之間引起良好的接觸。接著，户斤產生的乳 化物非常彳I圮，冇低的乎均水滴尺寸。 合彳目當大i的水來❹，_ :其中使用洗條水的份 里疋大於7.5體積％的原油，造成較不穩定乳化物的形成 ，且後績需要較不嚴格的條件來分解之，以回收脱鹽的原 由通7; ’重力沉降單獨是足以有效的分離。然而，產生 較多的廢棄流。 I添加化學反乳化劑來分解在脱鹽作用中形成的乳化 ^也可使用對水滴放電、以增進分離的電子裝置。所添 加之反礼化背1的濃度及所需的溫度會比習用的脱鹽製程更 低。然而，乳化物會不穩定，且假設最佳的混合，對輕油 而。’鹽含里可降低到6重量百萬分之一部分。然而，爲 了此璧到此一偽份量，必須使用的條件爲高溫、化學反乳 ‘匕及通；^加上靜電分離。反乳化劑通常包含表面活性化 ¥ Α的；邑合物’例如：在載體溶劑中的乙氧基化的酚系 美國專利4,806,231號敘述原油脱鹽的方法，其中原油中 的M含f F圣彳氏’是將含有殘餘鹽水的原油以洗滌水洗滌， 亚客許所得的混合物沉卩圣。此製程形成一個乳化物，將鹽 «原油中轉移到所添加的水中，且然後敎導：乳化物必須 -6 - 本或張尺度$ s中g自家標準（CXS)A4規格（21Q x 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝--------訂---------： 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1226365 Λ7 \\Ί 五、發明說明（4 以f川的方Λ分解，如：沉降或經由靜電裝益。 ' ·’ ： ’ J 9 ° 乂的镑”Γ以-階段的水洗來移除並分離。通常 仪川％二水洗松段來移除额外的鹽。 鹽移除的打效性取決於原油的天性。較重的油比輕原油 f脱』^从它油的一侗間題是重油的密度非常接近水 二戊。該孔化物難以分解，且甚至若分解了，鹽水與重 Λ的刀W 7ί困^。必須在原油中添加餾份來降低其密度 並々m度，使得水可與原油混合，並然後分離。炊 後餾份必須從原油中被汽提並回收。 … 游 對 訂 苛\钟（NaOH)通；#被注人脱鹽器的粗製下游中，以減少 在後:系餘保作中的氣化氫。苛性鋼與氣化錢及舞反應， 形成氣化鈉，其在熱力上更爲穩定且不水解。然而，苛性 ，的份量㈣限制，因爲苛性㈣致鋼爐結焦，並在下 單兀中引發俅作問題。在下游單元中使用之新觸媒，是 應於㈣油厫所加的環境控制需求，其被苛性㈣毒化。 在大部分的實例中，以脱鹽劑及/或添加苛性鈉來移除足夠 的鹽，以芫全移除鹽酸的腐蝕是不實際的。 /"L 餾 柴 录油煉油纟叙包括一個大氣壓蒸餾單元，其將整個原 油分餘成不同揮發度的不同產品館份，包括··汽油、燃料 油、油氣及其他。較低沸點的餾份，包括從其中衍生出 油的石油腦，可從塔頂餾份中回收。然後中度揮發度的 份從塔中以支流移出。支流產物包括煤油、飛機燃：、 油及油氣：最重的组份在塔的底部流移出3 的 在一般的原油大氣壓管式爐單元中，原油在直接燃燒 本紙張尺度適財闕家彳“（CNS)A4規格（21G x 297公爱- 1226365 Λ7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明说明 饵壚屮被加M·糾約50(Γ， "Μ 1 m H約700 T。然後進料被閃蒸到大 k H： H ^ /c t > jt ί/Ί , tf n v t 、仏作的壓力足在一及三絕對大氣壓之 ίϋ| ^ ^ % H fk ^ ^ .·： y n"、’W今卻。塔顶的塔溫範阐一般是從200 r ί 3 50 r 〜 b泊及人A的走物被 .w 仇冷邻及冷凝，並送到其他的單元加 工成取外度品〜展··六 l ^ ^ 从一般到在眞空下操作的第二蒸餾塔 中。然後甚至更輕的栌 /7/ 上Μ從塔底蒸餾。可對塔底添加水蒸 氣，促進々c i合底汽提_ & #度物。也可添加水到塔頂，以洗 除水〉谷’丨生的鹽鎖，其诚+ ,., 、叹㊉在顶部塔板及塔頂組份中累積。 進八***中的汽；^ π , ,,,^ . <夂及洗條水是重要的··來自塔頂之塔頂 石油腦氣说一般包本9 η π I。2 0至4 〇莫耳％的水。 在這些步聲的每—+ 士 ^ 7平’氣化氫從原油中釋出。該氣化 氫導致腐蝕。再者，惫 _ 乳化虱在後續的處理步驟中釋出。對 重原油而言，其中脱鞔 , t _不疋非常有效，源於氣化氫的腐蝕 是煉油m程許多問題之—。 本發明之摘要 本發明之製程是庳用#、 1原油或部份處理過的油流。若原 油是包含恶青缔的重原、、士 φ ’、' 要了解其取大的經濟用途。本 發明是中和存在於原、、士 φ功仏、 ^ ^ 由中％類的万法。本發明也是汽化作 用、溶劑說歷青的聲人75各丄 ’口及乳相中和，其造成特別有效率且 經濟的優點： 在本發明中，重原油被加熱到從約300下至約_T，較 佳地從^ 35〇下至約550下，更佳地從約伽τ至約5〇〇τ -原油次有η〜以或多階段、使用高及可選擇之中壓水 • 8 - 本紙張尺錢3帽g家鮮(CNS)A4規格（210 X 29fi^ --------->--^^^裝--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1226365 Λ7 H7 经濟^智慧財產局員二消賣合作社^·:^ 五、發明況明（6 属氤加μ，該水蒸a足汽化窑含經青烯之烴類餾份的產物 ，以μ颉餾份接軤舛原油分離。 原油被纷持在約350 T至約550下的此溫度範圍下，並從 A’ /1/屮卜1為出k體〜如：氣化鎂及氣化鈣的鹽類與水在原 油屮从桄，形成金屬轧氣化物及鹽酸。水，以其液態或水 於八幻形式，吁俊越地與原油混合。再者，從汽化製程中 優越彳:f到之屮或高壓水蒸氣，可供應熱及水兩者。來自汽 化作州之廢熱的該氣產生對工業爲已知的。 該水蒸氣優越地與加熱的原油混合，提供額外的水及熱 ，並nr邊睃帶走。在孩原油的溫度及壓力下鹽酸是氣態的 。鹽酸在閃蒸槽中與原油分離。 在原油中有足夠的水與酸類的前驅物反應到某程度，不 需要添加水，並且可經由熱交換器添加熱。所餘的氫氧化 巧及鎂，加上其他的鹽類及固體，接著優越地在脱瀝青期 間從原治中移除。脱瀝青牽涉到將溶劑與原油混合。這些 莹頹可以在足夠的溶劑混合之後，以過濾移除，而減少原 油的黏庋，或另外可晷許鹽類與瀝青烯類沉澱。然後該瀝 青烯類被汽化，提供水蒸氣做爲副產品。該水蒸氣被用於 本發明的製程中。 本發明之詳細説明 本發明之製程可應用於原油、重原油及非常重的原油， 以及〜分加工過的油流中。在此所用的術語，，原油”、，，重油 、重原：¾ "或’’非常重的原油，，及，，油，，，可交換地使用， 技在周圍環境條件下，具有黏度大於約2 0厘泊的烴流。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂------------ You secret work; ", small inverse, that is: about 5 volume percent clean 氺 or, salinity 丨, is added to the dehydrated crude oil. When the "h." In this case is combined to cause a good contact between the saline drops or the low saline drops and the added anti-porosity agent. Then, the emulsion produced by Hujin is very 彳 I 彳, The lower the size of the average water droplets, the larger the water is, the larger the water is, the larger the amount of crude oil used is greater than 7.5% by volume of crude oil, which results in the formation of more unstable emulsions, and the performance needs Less stringent conditions to decompose it to recover the reason for desalination; 'gravity sedimentation alone is sufficient for effective separation. However, more waste streams are generated. I add chemical demulsifiers to decompose in the desalination process The formed emulsion can also use electronic devices that discharge water droplets to promote separation. The concentration and temperature required for the addition of the anti-ecoliated back 1 will be lower than the conventional desalination process. However, the emulsion will be unstable , And assuming the best mixing, for light oil. 'Salt content can be reduced to 6 parts per million by weight. However, in order to reach this pseudo-quantity, the conditions must be high temperature, chemical reaction乳 '刀 和 通; ^ plus electrostatic separation. Chemical agents usually include a surface-activated compound; for example, ethoxylates, such as ethoxylated phenols in a carrier solvent, US Pat. No. 4,806,231 describes a method for desalting crude oil, in which M in crude oil contains f F. "The crude oil containing residual salt water is washed with washing water, and the mixture obtained by Yakesu Shen Shen Sheng. This process forms an emulsion, transfers the salt« crude oil to the added water, and then directs: the emulsion Must be -6-this or Zhang scale $ s in g own standard (CXS) A4 specifications (21Q x 297 public love) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -install -------- order ---------: Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 1226365 Λ7 \\ Ί 5. Description of the invention (4 Decomposed by fchuan's square, such as: sedimentation or via electrostatic charging. '· ':' J 9 ° 乂 pounds' Γ is removed and separated by-stage washing. Usually Yichuan% dihydrate washed pine section to remove extra salt. The effectiveness of salt removal depends on the nature of crude oil. A heavier oil is removed than a light crude oil. ^ The problem from it is that the density of heavy oil is very close to that of water dipentane. The pores are difficult to decompose, and even if decomposed, the brine and the heavy knife W 7 ^. Distillate must be added to the crude oil to reduce its density and 々m degree, so that the water can be mixed with the crude oil and then separated. The post-distillate must be stripped and recovered from the crude oil.… You are on the order of Nao); #Injected into the crude downstream of the desalinator to reduce the gasification in the post: Department of Yubao crops Hydrogen. Caustic steel reacts with gasification money and dance to form sodium gasification, which is more thermally stable and does not hydrolyze. However, the amount of caustic steel is limited because caustic steel causes coke in the steel furnace and is in the order. Causes operational problems. The new catalyst used in downstream units is due to the environmental control requirements imposed by soda oil, which is poisonous. In most instances, it is impractical to remove enough salt with a desalting agent and / or to add caustic soda to completely remove the corrosion of hydrochloric acid. / " L distillery diesel oil refining process includes an atmospheric pressure distillation unit, which separates the entire crude oil into different products with different volatility, including gasoline, fuel oil, oil and gas, and others. The lower boiling fractions, including petroleum naphtha from which oil is derived, can be recovered from the overhead fraction. The medium volatility fraction was then removed from the column as a tributary. Tributary products include kerosene, aircraft fuel, oil, and oil and gas: the heaviest components flow out of the bottom of the tower. In a general crude oil atmospheric pressure tube furnace unit, crude oil is directly burned on this paper. ) A4 size (21G x 297 Public Love-1226365 Λ7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention The bait was added with M. correction approximately 50 (Γ, " M 1 m H approximately 700 T. Then The feed is flashed to large K H: H ^ / ct > jt ί / Ί, tf nvt, and the pressure of the crop is sufficient to be one and three absolute atmospheric pressures | ^ ^% H fk ^ ^. ·: Y n " 'W 今 而. The tower's top fan tower is generally from 200 r ί 3 50 r ~ b Po and people A's walking objects are condensed by .w hate neighbors and condensed, and sent to other units for processing to take Outer product ~ exhibition · six l ^ ^ from the general to the second distillation column operating under the air. Then even lighter 栌 / 7 / 上 M distillation from the bottom of the column. Water vapor can be added to the bottom of the column to promote 々Ci 合 底 脱 提 _ &# 度 物. You can also add water to the top of the tower to wash away the water> Valley 'raw salt lock, its sincerity +,. ,, and sigh on the top Accumulation in the components of the tray and the top of the tower. The steam entering the eight systems; ^ π, ,,, ^. 夂 and the washing water are important.... 9 η π I. 20 to 40 mol% of water. At each of these steps the gaseous hydrogen is released from crude oil. This hydrogenated gas causes corrosion. Furthermore, exhaustion Emulsified lice are released in subsequent processing steps. For heavy crude oil, the removal of 鞔, t _ not 疋 is very effective, and the corrosion caused by hydrogenated hydrogen is one of many problems in the refining process-Abstract of the invention The process is to use #, 1 crude oil or part of the processed oil stream. If the crude oil is a heavy source containing bad youth, 、 φ ′, ′, it is necessary to understand its economic value. The present invention is to neutralize the existence Yu Yuan, Shi Shi 仏 仏, ^ ^ by the middle% method. The present invention is also vaporization, the solvent said Li Qing's vocal 75 and the milk phase neutralization, which is particularly efficient and economical. Advantages: In the present invention, the heavy crude oil is heated from about 300 to about _T, preferably from ^ 350 to about 550, and more preferably from about ga to about 5〇〇τ-crude oil has η ~ in one or more stages, using high and optional medium pressure water • 8-this paper ruler 3 caps g fresh (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 29fi ^ ---- ----- >-^^^ Installation -------- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 1226365 Λ7 H7 Economy ^ Wisdom Member of the Property Bureau Er Xiaoshang Cooperative ^ ·: ^ V. Invention Status (6 is plus μ, the water is steamed a sufficient product of hydrocarbon fractions that have passed through the vaporization kiln, and the crude oil is connected to the crude oil with μ 颉 fraction. Separation. Crude oil is held in this temperature range from about 350 T to about 550, and the body is from A '/ 1 / 屮 bu 1 ~ such as: salts of magnesium and calcium gas and water in crude oil 屮From rhenium, metal rolling gas and hydrochloric acid are formed. Water, in its liquid state or in an eight-magic form, calls for Jun Yue to mix with crude oil. In addition, from the vaporization process, the superior 彳: f to 到 or high pressure water vapor can supply both heat and water. This gas production from the waste heat of vaporization states is known to industry. This water vapour is blended with the heated crude oil to provide extra water and heat, and is taken away by the nr. Hydrochloric acid is gaseous at the temperature and pressure of crude oil. The hydrochloric acid is separated from the crude oil in a flash tank. There is enough water in the crude oil to react with the acidic precursors to a certain extent, no water needs to be added, and heat can be added via a heat exchanger. The remaining hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, plus other salts and solids, are then removed from the original treatment during the deasphalting process. Deasphalting involves mixing solvents with crude oil. These fluorene can be filtered and removed after mixing enough solvents to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil, or it can also allow the precipitation of salts and asphaltenes. The asphaltenes are then vaporized to provide water vapor as a by-product. This water vapor is used in the process of the present invention. Detailed description of the present invention The process of the present invention can be applied to crude oil, heavy crude oil and very heavy crude oil, as well as processed oil streams. As used herein, the terms, "crude oil", ", heavy oil, heavy crude: ¾" or "very heavy crude oil," and "oil," are used interchangeably, and have viscosity under ambient conditions. Hydrocarbon flow greater than about 20 centipoise. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Loading -------- Order ---------

1226365 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Λ7 M7 五、發明说明（7 ) 公原油足包含凇奇烯的也原油，要了解其最大的用途。 非常t的原油在加工溫度下，一般扎有黏度範圍為200至 250,()00毫巴斯卡·抄（m丨》a s)，通常為2,〇〇〇至25〇,〇〇〇。該 Φ原油扑冇敉音烯類，一般的範圍是5至4 0重量百分比。 4分加工也的油流也可用來取代重原油。例如：製程是用 於油流的，其中輕質端的餾份以例如：中溫汽提來移除。 重原油在煉油廠被用的較多，因為其比較輕質的原油更 低價。當精煉時，重原油產生更多包含大量瀝青烯類的殘 餘油。為了將殘餘油類的價格最大化，在原油中從瀝青組 份分離出輕質油類。該輕質组份使用溶劑萃取來回收，並 做有價值的產品賣出。分離富含瀝青婦的組份，並在汽化 單元中轉換成產品：氫、一氧化碳、及燃燒渦輪機的燃料。 重原油一般是在脫水及脫鹽作用之前，以較輕的烴餾份 稀釋，較輕的烴餾份如··冷凝物或輕質原油。此目的為減 二油相的黏度及密度，以加速油-水相的分離。當此稀釋以 減少黏度來加速加工時，對本發明是不需要的。 原油可在進行本發明之製程前部分地脫鹽。一個方法 疋斿约）〇至98體積％、較佳為8〇至95%之重原油，與 L至5〇體積％、較佳為5 i 2〇%之乳化界面活性劑或驗性 士的水α各液混合，百分比是以總混合物的體積百分比來 。有此高水含量，混合可在範圍為每秒1Q至、 在仏為5〇至500的低剪切條件下完成。 广；田的％合芬疋具有轉動軸的容器。轉動的速度適當的 托圍為每分鐘5〇〇至以⑼轉。在每分鐘5〇〇轉以下，混合 ____ -10- j (CXS)-A4 規格(21Q X 297^^)~ 一 Ί----------t---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1226365 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Λ7 H7 五、發明說明（8 ) 是相當沒冇效牟JL /或需耍過多的混合時間。 所得的乳化物"Γ部分地以晋用的裝置分解，且分離相。 所得的混合物是相當無鹽的油層，及相當富有鹽類的水層 。包含乳化物的中間層仍可存在。 較佳地，添加反乳化劑以分解原油/水乳化物。適當的反 乳化劑濃度範圍足】至500百萬分之一部分，較佳爲】至 100 〇 美國專利4,806,231號敘述一種將原油脱鹽的方法，其中 原油之鹽含量的減少是以洗滌水來洗滌含有殘餘鹽水的原 油，並容許所得的混合物沉降。此方法形成從原油將鹽轉 移到所添加之水份中的乳化物，且然後敎導該乳化物必須 以習用的方式分解，如：沉降或經由靜電裝置。 當此脱鹽製程可在原油中進行時，本發明的一個優點是 此製程不需要從原油中移除產生鹽酸的鹽類。 特別是若進行脱鹽製程，原油被優越地脱水。原油一般 在運送前脫水。然而，在煉油廠的第二次脱水通常是有益 的。水包油之乳化物的脱水一般是在不同形狀的洗滌槽中 進行’其中被乳化的油被導入槽中，且通過水緩衝塾（water cushion) ’在其中由於相的物理-化學相似性而進行洗條製 私。以重力芫成分離，且乳化物以化學乳化物緩衝塾層 (breaker)、熱及/或電場或磁場分解。重原油的重力分離是 困難的’部份是因爲原油的黏度高，且部份是因爲重原油 的密度與水的密度相同。 对重原油而言，必須使用高溫、化學反乳化劑及通常之 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) #裝 訂---------— 1226365 Λ7 H7 ：誇"，合物脫水'.反乳化劑通常 ^ ?( '1 /；，，Π' ^ }，' A ^1' {>，i，li " ^/; 5 : ^ ^ ^ ；# iH t 6^, 一代％化的阶系m胎，，y #衫 32〇下 ；/ :彳乂作电行的溫度範圍是200至 的脱赞及脱水作州中，非水溶性的固體，如：灰 於泥、批土、鄉泥組份等，包含於原油中， /· f U邊原油及水相之而際乳化物層或cuff中。此cuff 要部份_般循環到原油進料中，且所餘的一般與輕質 二t油=合，以分解孔化物並然後沉降，來分離原油及水 尸 ""「水'心性的固體與水分離。被分離的油相可與脱鹽 、’匕V的原油组合。然而，在本發明的製程中，cuff可 A ’由心加工。在加熱及閃蒸步驟中移除水，且固體可在 此點回收，其中氧化鈣及鎂被回收。- 原油包含溶解於水中的鹽類，該水份是從生產中良好地 仅帝來的，並來自槽運期間的鹽水。較不平常地，固體鹽 顆粒懸浮於原油中。通常，該氣鹽爲氯化鈉、氯化鎂及氣 化舞：取決於鹽水的來源，在原油中每一個鹽的份量有相 當大的變化。說水的重原油可包含從約0 · 1至約5體積百 分比的水，且從約5 0至約8000百萬分之一部分之間的鹽 類，更常是從約400至約4000百萬分之一部分的鹽類。若 原:¾被部分說鹽，鹽含量會在此範圍的較低端，且原油/水 會在井S下：此輔助製程中的下一步，其中原油及所餘的 水然後枝加熱： 當這些迖鹽及第二次說水的前處理步驟爲有益的時，本 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·裝 tT---------. 0一吾^智慧封產局員工.消賣合作社^^, -12 ‘1226365 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 M7 V. Description of the invention (7) The crude oil is also crude oil containing fluorene, and its maximum use is to be understood. Crude crude oils at a processing temperature generally have a viscosity in the range of 200 to 250, (00) 00 millibasca · s (m 丨 "as), usually from 2,000 to 250,000. The Φ crude oil is generally in the range of 5 to 40 weight percent. The 4-minute processed oil stream can also be used to replace heavy crude oil. For example, the process is used for oil flow, where the light end fraction is removed by, for example, moderate temperature stripping. Heavy crude oil is used more in refineries because it is cheaper than lighter crude oil. When refined, heavy crude oil produces more residual oil that contains significant amounts of asphaltenes. To maximize the price of residual oils, light oils were separated from the asphalt components in crude oil. This lightweight component is recovered using solvent extraction and sold as a valuable product. The bitumen-rich components are separated and converted into products in the vaporization unit: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and fuel for combustion turbines. Heavy crude oil is generally diluted with lighter hydrocarbon fractions such as · condensate or light crude oils before dehydration and desalting. The purpose is to reduce the viscosity and density of the second oil phase to accelerate the separation of the oil-water phase. When this dilution is to reduce viscosity to speed up processing, it is not needed for the present invention. Crude oil can be partially desalted before the process of the invention. One method is about) 0 to 98% by volume, preferably 80 to 95% by weight of crude oil, and L to 50% by volume, preferably 5 to 20% by weight of an emulsifying surfactant or tester. Water α is mixed with each liquid, and the percentage is based on the volume percentage of the total mixture. With this high water content, mixing can be done under low shear conditions ranging from 1Q to 1Os per second and 50 to 500 仏. Guang; Tian's% Hopfen container with a rotating shaft. The appropriate rotation speed is 5,000 to 1500 rpm. Below 5,000 revolutions per minute, mix ____ -10- j (CXS) -A4 specifications (21Q X 297 ^^) ~ Ί ---------- t ------- --Line (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 1226365 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 H7 V. Invention Description (8) is quite ineffective in seeking JL / or requires too much mixing time. The obtained emulsion " Γ was partially decomposed by a conventional apparatus, and the phases were separated. The resulting mixture is a fairly salt-free oil layer and a quite salt-rich water layer. An intermediate layer containing the emulsion may still be present. Preferably, a demulsifier is added to decompose the crude oil / water emulsion. A suitable demulsifier concentration range is sufficient] to 500 parts per million, preferably] to 100 US Pat. No. 4,806,231 describes a method for desalting crude oil, wherein the reduction of the salt content of crude oil is based on washing water To wash the crude oil containing residual brine and allow the resulting mixture to settle. This method forms an emulsion that transfers salt from crude oil to the added water, and then induces that the emulsion must be decomposed in a conventional manner, such as sedimentation or via an electrostatic device. When this desalination process can be performed in crude oil, one advantage of the present invention is that this process does not require removal of the hydrochloric acid-producing salts from the crude oil. Especially if the desalination process is carried out, the crude oil is superiorly dehydrated. Crude oil is generally dehydrated before shipping. However, a second dewatering at the refinery is usually beneficial. Dehydration of oil-in-water emulsions is generally carried out in washing tanks of different shapes 'wherein the emulsified oil is introduced into the tank and passed through a water cushion' due to the physical-chemical similarity of the phases Carry out bar washing. Separation is by gravity, and the emulsion is decomposed by a chemical emulsion buffer, heat and / or electric or magnetic field. The gravity separation of heavy crude oil is difficult 'partly because the viscosity of crude oil is high and partly because the density of heavy crude oil is the same as the density of water. For heavy crude oil, it is necessary to use high temperature, chemical demulsifier and normal -11-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this (Page) #Binding ---------— 1226365 Λ7 H7: Exaggerated ", dehydration of the compound '. Demulsifiers usually ^? (' 1 / ;, Π '^},' A ^ 1 ' {>, i, li " ^ /; 5: ^ ^ ^; # iH t 6 ^, one generation of tiered m tires, y #shirt 32〇 lower; /: temperature of the electric line In the range of 200 to 200, dewatering and dehydration, non-water-soluble solids, such as mud, soil, and mud components, are included in crude oil, and f and crude oil and water phase Intermediate emulsion layer or cuff. This cuff is partially recycled to the crude oil feed, and the rest is generally combined with light second oil to decompose pores and then settle to separate crude oil and water " " "Water's heart-like solids are separated from water. The separated oil phase can be combined with desalted, crude oil. However, in the process of the present invention, the cuff can be processed by the heart. During heating And flashing steps Water is removed, and solids can be recovered at this point, where calcium oxide and magnesium are recovered.-Crude oil contains salts dissolved in water, which is only well-derived from production and comes from the tank during transport Brine. Unusually, solid salt particles are suspended in crude oil. Usually, the gas salts are sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and gasification: depending on the source of the brine, the amount of each salt in the crude oil varies considerably. Water heavy crude oil may contain from about 0.1 to about 5 volume percent water, and from about 50 to about 8000 parts per million salts, more often from about 400 to about 4000 parts per million of salt. If the original: ¾ is said to be salt, the salt content will be at the lower end of this range, and the crude oil / water will be in the well S: the next step in this auxiliary process, where The crude oil and the remaining water are then heated: When these pre-salts and the second pretreatment step of water are beneficial, please read this (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) · Install tT ---- -----. 0 Yiwu ^ employees of the Smart Closure Bureau. Consumer Cooperatives ^^, -12 '

1226365 Λ7 ii7____ 五、發明況明（) 较叫的·$觀，?Λ A此府處比對本發明的製程是不需要 的本分叫的如々從原油中杉除水及御蚀性的酸類兩者。 ί丨乂彳/度而.，，從脱娆府的少骑屮添加水是不存在的， 氺成水於k需次被添加以彳:f到说合物、或反應物質，直到 ;;4合物被球露於約5它逆％的水，其中水的部份較佳爲水 法Ί. 在本發明屮，原油被加熱到從約30CTF至約600 T，較佳 爲從約350 Ί，’至约550 T，更佳爲從約400下至約500 T， 且甚至更更佳地從約450 T至約500 °F。熱可來自一或多個 熱交換器，鎢爐或與水蒸氣接觸。 優點是在加壓下預熱原油，以將沸騰減至最小，並使熱 交換更有效率。此預熱可以到所述範圍以上的溫度。當壓 力较低且石油及水閃蒸時，原油會冷卻。在許多情況下， 預熱至約400 T及約700 T之間的溫度是優越的。 原油然後在閃蒸槽中被閃蒸，以移除氣體。在閃蒸期間 原法的壓力範圍可以從約每平方吋絕對3磅的眞空至超過 2_ϋ大氣壓的壓力：較佳的是在約1及約10大氣壓之間的 金力：當水及烴蒸發時，必須在閃蒸槽中加熱原油。通常 特別優越的是加熱原油，或將中或低壓水蒸氣與原油混合 、’，孓保持S度不F圣至低於約300 °F。中或高壓蒸餾可優越 :後汽化製程中得到=水蒸氣與被加熱的原油混合，提供 '、4的及熱，並蒂走簦酸。 ^。氣化鎂及氯化鈣的皇類與水在原油中反應，形成金屬 叉化刼及曼酸：Μ酸在300 Τ至450 Τ的溫度範圍開始水解 ------- \ 呑S家標遑（CXSU4規格（21〇 x 297公釐 -----·------裝--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -13 - 經濟{「。智慧財產局員工消費合作枝印製 1226365 Λ7 ______ M7 五、發明說明（11 ) ，κ "r發十在m熱交換λ屮〜a化鈉是穩定的，且不太在 九氣摩 > 原汕塔系統屮水解"當MgCl2及CaCl2被存在於原 油屮的水氺解Μ镑酸釋出：1226365 Λ7 ii7____ Fifth, the state of the invention () is called the $ view,? Λ A This place is not necessary to compare the process of the present invention. This is called Rugao. It removes water from crude oil and anti-corrosive acids. By. ί 丨 乂 彳 / 度 ，. There is no water added from the Shaoqi 屮 of Tuotuo, 氺 water needs to be added to 次: f to the compound, or reaction substance until k ;; The 4 compound is exposed to about 5% of its inverse water, wherein the water portion is preferably water method. In the present invention, the crude oil is heated to from about 30 CTF to about 600 T, preferably from about 350 Alas, 'to about 550 T, more preferably from about 400 to about 500 T, and even more preferably from about 450 T to about 500 ° F. Heat can come from one or more heat exchangers, tungsten furnaces or contact with water vapor. The advantage is that the crude oil is preheated under pressure to minimize boiling and make heat exchange more efficient. This preheating can reach temperatures above the stated range. When the pressure is low and the oil and water flash, the crude oil will cool. In many cases, preheating to temperatures between about 400 T and about 700 T is advantageous. The crude oil is then flashed in a flash tank to remove gas. The original process pressure during flashing can range from about 3 pounds per square inch of absolute air pressure to pressures in excess of 2_atmospheric pressure: preferably between about 1 and about 10 atmospheres of gold: when water and hydrocarbons evaporate The crude oil must be heated in a flash tank. It is usually particularly advantageous to heat crude oil, or to mix medium or low pressure water vapor with crude oil, ′, to maintain the S degree from F to less than about 300 ° F. Medium or high pressure distillation can be superior: obtained in the post-vaporization process = water vapor is mixed with the heated crude oil to provide ', 4' and heat, and remove the acetic acid. ^. The main species of gasified magnesium and calcium chloride react with water in crude oil to form metal forks and manganese acids: M acids begin to hydrolyze in the temperature range of 300 TT to 450 TT ------- \ 呑 S 家Standard 遑 (CXSU4 specification (21〇x 297mm ----- · ------ install -------- order --------- (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again for matters) -13-Economy {". Consumer Property Cooperation Bureau of Intellectual Property Bureau printed 1226365 Λ7 ______ M7 V. Description of invention (11), κ " r issued ten heat exchange λ 屮 ~ a sodium chloride It is stable, and is not too hydrolyzed in the original Shanta system " when MgCl2 and CaCl2 are hydrolyzed by the hydrolysate existing in crude oil, the acid is released:

Mgd2^ H20-2HCK MgO CaCI2f H2〇"2HCI + CaO 汍化朽及鈦基木上在後績的原油加工期間是鈍性的固體 ，在其屮其不促進腐蝕且其不毒化許多觸媒。這些固體， 加上其他的间體，如：氣化鈉、鐵及黏土，可在溶劑與重 原油於後續脱瀝介歩驟中混合之後，優越地以過遽移除。 溶劑降低重原油的黏度到其中以例如：過濾或重力分離移 除的固ft爲技術上可行的程度。在溶劑脱避青期間，優越 地移除氣化納及其他固體和氧化辦及鎂。 或者，固體可容許與瀝青烯在後續的脱瀝青步驟中沉殿。 原油也可包含低分子量的羧酸類，（醋酸、丙酸、丁酸） ，其通常會來著鹽酸。 鹽酸在閃蒸槽中原油存在的溫度及壓力下爲氣態。該鹽 酸與原:¾分離，並被送到在閃蒸槽頂部的洗滌塔中。 腐蝕會發生在分餾塔的金屬表面，如：原油塔、塔中的 塔板、熱交換器等。最麻煩的腐蚀位置是塔的頂部拔板、 塔頂管線、冷凝器及在熱交換器周圍的頂部泵。通常在這 些區域内，冷凝水形成或與被製程流載走。分餾塔的頂= 各度通常·但不經常，维持在約水的露點或以上。所形成 4水’丨生冷妓液包括相當；農度的酸。冷凝物的 Η η古、△ ι， 疋阿度§父Mgd2 ^ H20-2HCK MgO CaCI2f H2O " 2HCI + CaO is a dull solid during the processing of crude oil on titanium-based wood during later performance, which does not promote corrosion and does not poison many catalysts. These solids, together with other interstitials, such as gasified sodium, iron, and clay, can be removed preferentially after the solvent is mixed with the heavy crude oil in subsequent deleasing steps. Solvents reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oils to such a degree that it is technically feasible to remove the solid ft by, for example, filtration or gravity separation. During solvent avoidance, superior removal of vaporized sodium and other solids and oxides and magnesium. Alternatively, the solids can be allowed to sink with asphaltenes in a subsequent deasphalting step. Crude oil can also contain low molecular weight carboxylic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid), which usually comes with hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is gaseous at the temperature and pressure at which crude oil exists in the flash tank. The hydrochloric acid was separated from the original: ¾ and sent to a washing column at the top of the flash tank. Corrosion can occur on the metal surfaces of fractionation columns, such as crude oil towers, trays in towers, heat exchangers, and so on. The most troublesome locations for corrosion are the tower's top trays, overhead lines, condensers, and overhead pumps around the heat exchanger. Usually in these areas, condensate forms or is carried away by the process stream. The top of the fractionation tower = each degree is usually, but not often, maintained at about the dew point of water or above. The resulting 4 water 'raw cold broth includes considerable acidity. Η η 古, △ ι of condensate, 疋 阿 度 §parent

也的且具腐玆性的：因此，中和處理被用來將冷凝物的pH (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝·—— ------訂---------. -14 -Yes and rotten: Therefore, the neutralization process is used to reduce the pH of the condensate (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) _ 装 · —— ------ Order --- ------. -14-

1226365 经衣i iius¾財產局員工消費合作ilr「；¾1226365 Wardrobe i iius¾ Consumption Cooperation of Employees of Property Bureau ilr "; ¾

Λ7 五、發明況明（) 變行彡：給Η，…此以將酸爲丛礎的腐蝕性佼蝕減至最小。 匕咫的勞紙付水溶Η紛接觸，一般該水溶性鹼爲氨。鹼 Η他Μ Λ而形成S，即：氛办鹽酸反應形成NH4C1。也可 使川儿他的蛉，特別足金屬汍化物及氫氧化物。水份被煙 :¾丨塔板（chimney tray)所讪捉，使得其不落到油中。在水流 屮有過分的Nlh〜氨冇效地增加塔頂大量水的pH到安全 的pl! ，其A大於約5·5，較佳爲大於約6 5 ，且更 作爲大於約7.5。 在％ Τ/i系統中的腐蝕是於氣化氫與液態水所引起。在閃 岛槽々i合顶组份中發生腐蝕，其包括塔頂的塔板、從槽頂 來的管線路路及回流管線、熱交換器、冷凝器及餾出管線 和蒸餾槽，其中冷凝塔頂流與液態的石油腦產物分離並回 淀通常使用於塔頂塔板的材質及組份包括碳鋼、莫内爾 (Mo^el)4〇〇及410不鏽鋼。腐蝕的損害可非常嚴重，包括 =屬，失嚴重到足以導致洩漏到外部環境及内部的熱交換 备2洛、塔板及其它内部的堵塞，其干擾塔的操作並控制 ^仴荟吒源的效率。另外，在塔頂系統的腐蝕會引起下游 至疋的操作問題。因爲腐蝕的嚴重性，甚至一天的未控制 辱链會具有嚴重的後果。 漳，^。的上升到彡合頂系統，溫度降低。在某一點，溫度 1衣七'虱禮露點的邁度以下，且水在設備的表面上 … 、e獏~此4被稱爲起始冷凝點。當製程氣體往下 =移動時.水缮續冷凝並進而冷卻。塔頂的氣體完全冷凝 饮塔頂的冷凝器中，累積在冷凝槽中，並從冷凝槽底部的 ’ S g 家縣(C‘\S)A4 規格(210 X 297 公釐 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝--------訂--------- S—— 15- 1226365 Λ7 五、發明說明 接受：¾移除榜竹衧逯常阶朴格泊的溫度殳少* 1， 人上/ Μ於水的露 點30 Ί，飞40 κ，巧泛在的郎塔板的原约。然而趨勢是降 低塔丨·ίι的溫度，以改哒石油膦的W收，並此將露點^下 到塔屮〜 ""' 在本發明的一仞几體貧施例中，氣化氣屮和劑在閃芙前 被加到原油屮，以抑制氣化氮的腐蝕。最通常的中和劑爲 氧〜其可以氨氣或水溶液在預熱前或後被添加到原油中。 在此情況下，氣化銨從原油中被閃蒸。缺點爲氣化銨固體 會從氣體中沉澱〜氫氧化鈉、或其他的氫氧化物，也可^ 做氣化氫的中和劑。然而，這些氣化氫中和劑增加原油中 的氣化鈉（或颓似鹽）含量。因此，中和劑的份量一般不足 以芫全中和最後形成的鹽酸。 在本發明的製裎中，較佳地在塔頂塔板中的水包含過量 的氨。因此水優越地再循環，以增加接觸。小量排出流從 水中被萃取，以減少在水中累積的不純物。 涂了在冷凝點所加予的嚴重腐姓之外，塔頂塔板對嚴重 的腐蝕也是跪弱的，其中氯化銨以固體從氣相中沉澱在内 衣面上：若在内表面上之氯化銨的分壓超過蒸氣/平衡壓力 ，然後氯化銨會沉;殿在表面上並累積。 «I化贫以氨及鹽酸之間的反應而在系統中形成。在升溫 加工期間被蒸發的氯化銨，被昇華到塔頂設備的内表面上 -在此所足義的昇荼，是故意地意爲氯化銨直接從氣態通 過到兵固ft結晶形式，而跳過其液相。結晶形的氣化按累 積在這些表面上，造成操作的問題：氯化銨沉積物爲吸濕 -16 - 本纸張尺度適吊中S g家標準（c>：S)A4規格（210 X 297 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -------— —訂----I---- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1226365 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Λ7 H7 五、發明說明（14 ) 性的，且當曝露於流經之潮滋製权氣體流時，吸收濕氣、 形成有高腐蝕p Η的潮濕糊狀物。在煉油廠設備之内表面 上的氯化銨沉積物抑制及移除方法包含：對原油添加不成 薄膜的多胺類。這些胺類在酸濃度高、且其中不存在水洗 的系統中特別有效，其中。不水洗的系統顯示比使用水洗 的系統有較低的露點。高度酸性物種的組合及不存在水洗 ’在達到起始露點之前，增加胺鹽沉積於塔頂設備上的4 能性。 也可以抑制包含濕烴類及氯化物之冷凝系統中的腐蝕性 ，藉著將胺的混合物進料到冷凝系統中，來將冷凝水的ρ Η 形態升高到其系統會發生内部嚴重腐蝕的範圍以上。胺混 合物被調配成排除胺類在水露點以上之氣化氫鹽的沉積及 累積’且將冷凝系統最佳化，以減少胺的處速率。 用來減少N H W1沉澱的説明用化合物包括如：一級胺類 ，像·正-十二胺、正_十四胺、正·十六胺、十二胺、十四 胺、十六胺、硬脂基胺、及油基胺。此產品的其他實例爲 :二甲胺丙基胺、二乙烯三胺、乙烯二胺、參-胺乙基） 胺、三甲胺、及三乙胺。添加到系統中之不成薄膜多胺的 份量，是以存在於系統中之氣化銨的份量爲基準，且較佳 的範圍是每莫耳的氣化銨有約1至1 〇莫耳。 美國專利4,703，865號敘述一種方法，其中低溶點/氧化的 液態胺類被注入烴加工單元中，以移除並/或避免銨鹽沉積 物的形成。再者，含氧的烴化合物被注入烴加工單元中， 以移除金屬化合物的沉積物。氧化的胺類及/或含氧的化合 -17- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝--------訂--------- 1226365 Λ7 \、;1 五、發明說明（15 ) 物卟'成組合；l 外，u i央攸颓及/成舍氣的化合物 可與成膜劑纟α合使川，而該成膜劑嗲致此苹元屮的腐蝕。 習州的屮和化合物包括奴，嗎啉、及乙綿二胺。美國專 利4,062,764貌揭示坑氕基化胺類對中和起始冷凝物是有用 的。美阀麥利3,472，666貌）II議：經烷氧基取代的芳香胺類 ’其屮坎氣基包含從丨至1 〇個碳原子，該芳香胺是在石油 煉油操作上的；^效肩蚀抑制劑。這些物質的代表性實例爲 苯胺、甲氧基苯胺、及乙氣基苯胺。烷氧基化胺類，如： 甲氧基丙胺，被揭示於美國專利4,806,229號中。其可單獨 、或與前述美國專利4,062,764號之成膜胺類一起使用。 包含鹽酸及NfUCl的氣態塔頂流被冷凝，添加到水相中 ’並形成經相’留下不可冷凝的。添加更水溶性的鹼，即 ••氨，以確保任何可能被帶來的鹽酸被中和掉。冷凝的烴 類被混到部分精煉的烴流下中，使其變成產物。如輕質烴 及硫化氫的不可冷凝物被帶到汽化器中，也是所謂的熱汽 化器，或其他適當的單元操作中。 在一個較佳具鳢實施例中，負載過量氨的水份被循環， 有效地洗涤並中和來自閃蒸槽壁及塔板的酸。氨水在煙囪 塔板中被收集。有塔板的容器，特別是煙自塔板爲較佳， 使得中和水及驗不與油接觸。此過量水洗避免氣化銨結晶 的累積2支成被移除’以避免鹽的累積。 石油原油被加以不同的製程，以形成較低沸點的化合物 ，如：汽油：首先，較低浠點組份經由蒸餾移除。較低沸 點的餾份，且特別是汽油，以塔頂餾份從蒸餾區回收。中 -18 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ’裝--------訂--------- si. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1226365 五、發明說明（16 ) 間組份以支流從蒸餾區回收。餾份被 集設備中。 4知並送到收 其他的餾份從此加工的原油中分離，i以例&·氫化列 解，來轉換成較輕的烴類。從此轉換所得的產物被 產生汽油餾份、燃油餾份、潤滑油餾份等。氧化鈣及# 鎂爲本發明的繼，基本上爲鈍性的且不毒化大二 於這些轉換製程的觸媒。然而，„際而言，這些固： 轉換製程之前被移除。 更 分 餾 青 熱 在原油中的避青晞類使得如原油之氣化裂解的再加工 困難。爲了將重石油的價値最大化，油中之瀝青組份的 離已行之有年。在原油中的避青㈣_般在輕質煙以蒸 移除之後，從原油中分離。在本發明的製程中，富含歷 的館份從製程原油中分離，且然後此富含歷青的館份在 氧化器中被汽化。 瀝 類 及 瀝. 類 烯 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 重原油脱避青是以例％ :溶劑脱避青來完 <。從含有 青㈣之烴物質中，以低心溶劑，通常是低滞點的燒 來萃取瀝青晞類爲已知的。見例如：美國專利4,39ΐ，7〇ι 美國專利3,617,481號，其揭示在此併於本文做參考。脱 青的步驟牵涉到溶劑與含有瀝青烯類之烴物質纟瀝青烯 萃取器中接觸。優點是維持溫度及壓力，使得含有歷青 類tfe物質及低沸點的溶劑爲流體或像流體。 灰 些 δ王要的輕負烷落劑與原油混合時，原油的黏度被降低 。在此點的固體’包括氣化鈉、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、鐵及 塵，可優越地以例如：過;慮或重力分離去除。另外，這 19- 1226365 A7Λ7 5. The invention is clear () Change line Η: To Η,… This is to minimize the corrosive corrosion based on acid clusters. The labor paper close to the dagger is in contact with water, and the water-soluble base is generally ammonia. Alkali ΜΜΜ Λ to form S, that is, NH4C1 is formed by the reaction of hydrochloric acid. It can also make Chuan's plutonium, especially metal halide and hydroxide. The moisture is captured by the smoke: ¾ 丨 chimney tray, so that it does not fall into the oil. Excessive Nlh ~ ammonia in the water stream effectively increases the pH of a large amount of water at the top of the tower to a safe pl !, where A is greater than about 5.5, preferably greater than about 65, and more preferably greater than about 7.5. Corrosion in the% T / i system is caused by hydrogenated gas and liquid water. Corrosion occurred in the capping component of the flash island trough, which includes the trays at the top of the tower, pipe lines and return lines from the top of the trough, heat exchangers, condensers, and distillation lines and distillation tanks, where The top stream is separated from the liquid petroleum brain product and re-deposited. The materials and components commonly used in the top tray include carbon steel, Moel 400 and 410 stainless steel. Corrosion damage can be very serious, including damage to the environment, which is serious enough to cause leakage to the external environment and internal heat exchange equipment, towers, and other internal blockages, which interfere with the operation of the tower and control the effectiveness. In addition, corrosion at the top of the tower can cause operational problems downstream to thorium. Because of the severity of the corrosion, even a day of uncontrolled chain stigma can have serious consequences. Zhang, ^. The temperature rises to the closed-top system. At a certain point, the temperature is below the threshold of the dew point of the lice and the water on the surface of the device ..., e 貘 ~ This 4 is called the initial condensation point. When the process gas goes down = moves. Water condenses and cools. The gas at the top of the tower completely condenses in the condenser at the top of the tower, accumulates in the condensing tank, and starts from the 'S g home county (C' \ S) A4 size (210 X 297 mm (please read the back first) Please pay attention to this page and fill in this page again) -Install -------- Order --------- S—— 15- 1226365 Λ7 V. Invention Description Accepted: ¾Remove the regular bamboo box Poor temperature is less than * 1, the dew point of human / water in water is 30 Ί, flying 40 κ, the original agreement of the ubiquitous Lang tower. However, the trend is to lower the temperature of the tower to change the petroleum phosphine. In order to reduce the dew point ^ down to the tower 屮 " " 'In the embodiment of the present invention, the gasification agent and the agent are added to the crude oil before the sparkle to suppress Corrosion of gasified nitrogen. The most common neutralizing agent is oxygen. It can be added to crude oil before or after preheating. In this case, the gasified ammonium is flashed from the crude oil. The disadvantage is Gasified ammonium solids will precipitate from the gas ~ sodium hydroxide, or other hydroxides, and can also be used as neutralizers for hydrogenated hydrogen. However, these hydrogenated neutralizers increase sodium gasified in crude oil (Or quasi-salt) content. Therefore, the amount of neutralizing agent is generally insufficient to fully neutralize the finally formed hydrochloric acid. In the process of the present invention, it is preferred that the water in the top tray contains excess ammonia. The water is therefore recirculated superiorly to increase contact. A small amount of effluent is extracted from the water to reduce the impurities accumulated in the water. In addition to the severe rotten name added to the condensation point, the top trays are severely damaged. Corrosion is also weak, in which ammonium chloride is precipitated from the gas phase on the underwear surface as a solid: if the partial pressure of ammonium chloride on the inner surface exceeds the vapor / equilibrium pressure, then the ammonium chloride will sink; It accumulates on the surface. «The depletion is formed in the system by the reaction between ammonia and hydrochloric acid. The ammonium chloride evaporated during the heating process is sublimated onto the inner surface of the tower top equipment-as it is meant here The intention is to intentionally mean that ammonium chloride passes directly from the gaseous state to the crystalline form of Binggu ft and skips its liquid phase. The vaporization of the crystalline form accumulates on these surfaces, causing operational problems: ammonium chloride The sediment is hygroscopic -16-this paper is suitable for hanging S g Home Standard (c >: S) A4 Specification (210 X 297 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) --------- --Order ---- I ---- Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives 1226365 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs’ Intellectual Property Bureau Λ7 H7 V. Description of the invention (14) and when exposed to the flowing tide gas, it absorbs moisture and forms Highly corrosive, moist paste. The method of suppressing and removing ammonium chloride deposits on the inner surface of refinery equipment includes adding non-film-forming polyamines to crude oil. These amines have high acid concentrations and Particularly effective in systems where no water wash is present. Unwashed systems show lower dew points than systems that use water. The combination of highly acidic species and the absence of water wash ′ increase the ability of amine salts to deposit on the overhead equipment before reaching the initial dew point. It can also inhibit the corrosiveness in condensing systems containing wet hydrocarbons and chlorides. By feeding the mixture of amines into the condensing system, the ρ Η form of condensed water is increased to the point that its internal severe corrosion will occur Above the range. The amine mixture is formulated to eliminate the deposition and accumulation of amines above the water dew point and to optimize the condensation system to reduce the rate of amine disposal. Indicative compounds used to reduce the precipitation of NH W1 include, for example: primary amines, such as n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, hard Aliphatic and oleyl amines. Other examples of this product are: dimethylaminepropylamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, p-aminoethyl) amine, trimethylamine, and triethylamine. The amount of non-film-forming polyamine added to the system is based on the amount of gasified ammonium present in the system, and a preferred range is about 1 to 100 moles per mole of gasified ammonium. U.S. Patent No. 4,703,865 describes a method in which low melting / oxidized liquid amines are injected into a hydrocarbon processing unit to remove and / or avoid the formation of ammonium salt deposits. Furthermore, the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound is injected into the hydrocarbon processing unit to remove deposits of the metal compound. Oxidized amines and / or oxygenated compounds-17- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) _Package- ------ Order --------- 1226365 Λ7 \ ,; 1 V. Description of the invention (15) The physical porphyrins are combined into groups; l In addition, the compounds of uiyangyou and / chengqi may be In combination with the film-forming agent α, the film-forming agent causes the corrosion of the apple element. Xizhou hydrazone and compounds include slave, morpholine, and ethylene diamine. U.S. Patent 4,062,764 has revealed that pitylated amines are useful for neutralizing the initial condensate. The beauty of American valve Merley 3,472,666) II: The aromatic amines substituted by alkoxy groups have an amino group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the aromatic amines are used in petroleum refining operations; Shoulder erosion inhibitor. Representative examples of these materials are aniline, methoxyaniline, and ethylaminoaniline. Alkoxylated amines, such as: methoxypropylamine, are disclosed in US Patent No. 4,806,229. It can be used alone or with the film-forming amines of the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 4,062,764. The gaseous overhead stream containing hydrochloric acid and NfUC1 was condensed, added to the aqueous phase and formed a warp phase, leaving it non-condensable. Add a more water-soluble base, ammonia, to ensure that any hydrochloric acid that may be brought in is neutralized. Condensed hydrocarbons are mixed into a partially refined hydrocarbon stream and turned into a product. Non-condensables such as light hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide are brought to the vaporizer, which is also called a thermal vaporizer, or other suitable unit operation. In a preferred embodiment, the excess ammonia-laden water is recycled, effectively washing and neutralizing the acid from the flash tank walls and trays. Ammonia is collected in the chimney trays. Containers with trays, especially smoke-free trays, are preferred, so that the water is neutralized and does not come into contact with oil. This excess water washing avoids the accumulation of the vaporized ammonium crystals to be removed ' to avoid salt accumulation. Petroleum crude oil is subjected to different processes to form lower boiling compounds, such as gasoline: First, the lower plutonium components are removed by distillation. The lower boiling fractions, and especially gasoline, are recovered from the distillation zone as overhead fractions. Medium-18-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 'Packing -------- Order ------- -si. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 1226365 V. Description of the invention (16) The components are recovered from the distillation zone in tributaries. The fractions are collected in the equipment. The crude oil is separated and converted to lighter hydrocarbons using the example & hydrogenation solution. The products obtained from this conversion are produced into gasoline fractions, fuel oil fractions, lubricant fractions, etc. Calcium oxide and # magnesium This is a successor to the present invention, which is essentially inert and does not poison catalysts that are sophomore than these conversion processes. However, in the final analysis, these solids are removed before the conversion process. Avoiding greens makes it difficult to reprocess gaseous cracking of crude oil. In order to maximize the price of heavy oil, the asphalt component in oil has been around for many years. Avoiding greens in crude oil is as light as light After the soot is removed by steam, it is separated from the crude oil. In the process of the present invention, Of the raw materials are separated from the process crude oil, and then this rich-liquid rich material is vaporized in the oxidizer. Leach and Le. The olefin-based Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperatives printed heavy crude oil to avoid the problem Example%: Solvent-free cyanide is completed. From the hydrocarbon materials containing barley, it is known to extract asphaltenes with low-heart solvents, usually low-stagnation point burning. See, for example, US Patent 4, 39ΐ, 70〇 US Patent No. 3,617,481, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The step of de-greening involves the contact of the solvent with the asphaltene-containing hydrocarbon material, the asphaltene extractor. The advantage is that the temperature and pressure are maintained, Make the solvent containing cyanine-like tfe and low-boiling point solvents fluids or fluids. The viscosity of the crude oil is reduced when the light negative alkylating agent of δ Wangwang is mixed with crude oil. The solids at this point include sodium gasification , Calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron, and dust can be removed by, for example, filtration or gravity separation. In addition, this 19-1226365 A7

經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 :可…歷青烯類一起沉澱。這些固體然後與瀝青烯類一 固\=1化器中。這些固體會在汽化11中形成⑴查，且 捉熔；旦兩者然後會在汽化器驟冷（quench)系統中被捕 非瀝t烯類的組份被回收，如所需地加工，並做爲有價 販賣。s含瀝青烯類的組份具有非常少的價値。 >歷青晞類爲似烴類的物f，適於汽化。見例如：美國專利 I"91，701 ，其揭示在此併於本文做參考。重油及似烴類固 =、即：冨含瀝青烯類組份的汽化，牵涉到似烴物質與含 =乳體在汽化區的混合，其中的條件是使得氧氣及似烴物 貝反應形成合成氣。因此汽化作用將重油及固體轉化成合 成氣，其爲有價値的產品。 此A化炎私造成大量的廢熱，其可優越地用於所餘的製 私操作上，如：本發明之氯化氫移除製程。一般高及低壓 水瘵氣兩者的產生爲汽化製程的副產品。此水蒸氣優越地 使用加熱原油，並從原油中移除氣化氫。另外，汽化產生 的低量熱，其可直接經由熱交換器，用來加熱進入初步脱 鹽製私的原油混合物、或舞及/或鎂鹽的内部分解製程。 水的優越用途可被用來捕捉及中和腐蝕性的氣體。塔頂 的氣體被冷凝，並蒸發的烴類也會冷凝。這些會形成乳化 物且帶有循環之負載氨的水份，其可以習用的方法分解。 爲了避免鹽類的累積，此負載氨之水份的之支流被移除 ，優越地被汽提，以移除可被循環的氨。富含NH4C1的水 以低壓水蒸氣汽提，釋出任何游離氨，使得其可被回收到 20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----------.*---·裝--------訂---------^^1. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1226365 A7 B7 五、發明說明（18 ) 製程中。此水份的一部分然後被導到汽仆u„ 、 于飞化詻中。所餘的水 份被帶到汽化邵份的灰水槽中，在其φ a、+ m 隹卉宁匕被用於製程中。Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. These solids are then solidified with asphaltenes. These solids will form a check in the vaporization 11 and catch it; once the two are then captured in the vaporizer quench system, the non-olefinic components are recovered, processed as needed, and made Sell for value. s Asphaltene-containing components have very little valence. > Lichens are hydrocarbon-like substances f, suitable for vaporization. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 91,701, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Heavy oil and hydrocarbon-like solids =, that is, the vaporization of asphaltene-containing components involves the mixing of hydrocarbon-like materials and = emulsions in the vaporization zone. The conditions are such that oxygen and hydrocarbon-like shellfish react to form synthesis gas. Therefore, vaporization converts heavy oil and solids into synthesis gas, which is a valuable tritium product. This A chemical inflammation causes a large amount of waste heat, which can be advantageously used in the remaining private operations, such as the hydrogen chloride removal process of the present invention. Generally, the production of both high and low pressure radon is a by-product of the vaporization process. This water vapor is advantageously used to heat crude oil and remove gasified hydrogen from the crude oil. In addition, the low amount of heat generated by vaporization can be directly passed through the heat exchanger to heat the crude oil mixture that is initially desalted for private use, or the internal decomposition process of magnesium and / or magnesium salts. The superior use of water can be used to capture and neutralize corrosive gases. The gas at the top of the column is condensed, and the evaporated hydrocarbons are condensed. These will form emulsions with circulating ammonia-loaded water, which can be decomposed by conventional methods. In order to avoid salt accumulation, this tributary of ammonia-laden water is removed and stripped to remove ammonia that can be recycled. The water rich in NH4C1 is stripped with low-pressure water vapor to release any free ammonia, so that it can be recycled to 20- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ----- -----. * --- · install -------- order --------- ^^ 1. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 1226365 A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (18) In the manufacturing process. A part of this water is then led to the steamer u „, in the Feihua 詻. The remaining water is taken to the ash water tank of the vaporization Shaofen, where φ a, + m m Huining dagger is used for In the process.

一般該水份包含殘餘的烴類，如··在不姑古1A 社小被有效分解之油·水 乳化物中的水份。這些烴類優越地在汽化 /飞化斋中被轉有價値 的合成氣。該水份幫助緩和汽化器的溫度。若是含碳所帶 來的固體則被汽化，若含金屬，則被坡璃化。 口 沒有被注入汽化器的水可用於汽化製程的其他部分，特 別是在驟冷製程中。廢水可與來自汽化製程的廢水混合， 用來有效的處理並丢棄。 從原油中汽提腐触性物質之製程、與脱瀝青及汽化至少 一部分原油的後續製程整合，而了解到特別的優點。汽化 製程提供水蒸氣，且可選擇地，較低程度的熱必要地加熱 原油，並汽提腐蚀性的酸類。此蒸氣也可有益地用於脱瀝 青的製程中。後續的脱避青及汽化製程提供了處置用於二 集腐蚀性氣體之廢水裝置，其中該廢物流提供的優點如： 緩和汽化器的溫度。後續的脱瀝青及汽化製程也提供從被 加工之原油中’在脱歷青製私期間以分離固體來移除所餘 固體的裝置，且可選擇地，在汽化器中將這些固體玻璃化。 -----.----Ϊ---裝--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）Generally, this water contains residual hydrocarbons, such as the water in the oil and water emulsion that was effectively decomposed in Bugu Gu 1A. These hydrocarbons are advantageously converted to valuable syngas in the vaporization / feihuazhai. This moisture helps to moderate the temperature of the carburetor. If it is a carbon-containing solid, it is vaporized, and if it contains a metal, it is vaporized. Water that is not injected into the vaporizer can be used for other parts of the vaporization process, especially in the quench process. Wastewater can be mixed with wastewater from the vaporization process for efficient treatment and disposal. From the process of stripping rotten and corrosive substances from crude oil and integrating it with subsequent processes of deasphalting and vaporizing at least a portion of the crude oil, special advantages have been learned. The vaporization process provides water vapor, and optionally, a lower degree of heat is necessary to heat the crude oil and strip corrosive acids. This vapor can also be beneficially used in the process of removing bitumen. Subsequent avoidance and vaporization processes provide a facility for the disposal of wastewater for the second set of corrosive gases, where the waste stream provides advantages such as: Moderating the temperature of the vaporizer. Subsequent deasphalting and vaporization processes also provide a means for removing the remaining solids from the processed crude oil 'during the desulfurization process and optionally vitrifying these solids in a vaporizer. -----.---- Ϊ --- install -------- order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The paper size printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

1226365 第0891093〇4號專利申請案1226365 Patent Application No. 0891093 04 提供重油’其中該重油是反應物質，包含水及鹽類； 加熱該反應物質，以維持溫度在350卞至600T ; 將反應物質曝露在0·2至20大氣壓下；且 將蒸氣與反應物質分離。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，再包含將水添加到重油 中’以提供包含0.1至20重量百分比水份的反應物質。 3.如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中該蒸氣包含水蒸氣 及鹽酸。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，再包含中和該蒸氣。 5·如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中反應物質的溫度維 持在 400°F 至 500°F。 6.如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中反應物質的溫度維 持在 450°F 至 500T。 7·如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中所添加的水包含水 蒸氣。 8·如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，再包含以鹼來接觸該蒸 氣，而中和鹽酸蒸氣。 9·如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該鹼包含水性氨。 1〇·如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該水性鹼在塔板容 器中與蒸氣接觸。 11.如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該水性鹼收集於煙 囪塔板中。 12·如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該水性鹼是以煙囪 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4规格(210 X 297公釐) 1226365 A8 B8 Γ7^~ __Ss __一 κ、申請專利範圍 '~" ^ 1 塔板收集，再包含循環及回收該水性鹼。 I I3.如申清專利範圍第1〇的方法，再包含添加胺，以維持鹼 中的pH不大於5.5。 14·如申請專利範圍第丨項的方法，再包含將反應物質加熱 到350 F及600卞之間以前，將重油脫鹽。 15 ·如申租專利範圍第丨項的方法，再包含將反應物質與該 瘵氣分離之前，預熱該重油，以維持溫度400°F及7〇〇T 16·如申請專利範圍第4項的方法，再包含將被中和的蒸氣 冷卻並收集冷凝物。 17·如申請專利範圍第丨6項的方法，再包含將冷凝物分離 成烴及相。 18 · —種處理重油的方法，包含： 提供重油，其中該油包含〇.1至5體積百分比的水，及 大於400百萬分之一部分的鹽； 加熱該油從350°F至600°F ; 將包含鹽酸從該油中閃蒸，因此將鹽固體留在油中； 中和該蒸氣；且 汽化該油的一部分。 19. 如申請專利範圍第18項的方法，其中反應物質的溫度 維持在從400°F至550°F。 & 20. 如申請專利範圍第18項的方法，其中反應物質的溫度維 持在從450T至500T。 又、 21. 如申請專利範圍第18項的方法，其中將該蒸氣與水性胺 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1226365 A8 B8 C8 ---——__ D8 六、申請專利範圍 接觸，來中和鹽酸蒸氣。 22.如申請專利範圍第21項的方法，其中該胺包含水性氨。 23·如申請專利範圍第2 1項的方法，其中該水性胺在煙囪 塔板中與蒸氣接觸，且再包含將水性胺循環。 24·如申請專利範圍第2 1項的方法，再包含添加胺，以維 持胺中的pH大於5,5。 25·如申請專利範圍第2 3項的方法，再包含將逸出的水蒸 氣從循環的水性胺中移除，從水及水蒸氣中汽提該胺， 並然後添加該胺至循環的水性胺中。 26·如申請專利範圍第2 5項的方法，再包含使用汽提過的 水做為汽化製程中的灰水（gray water)，其中該汽化製程 將一部分的原油轉換成包含一氧化碳及氫的氣體。 27·如申請專利範圍第18項的方法，再包含在將包含反應物 質之蒸氣分離前，預熱該重油到400T及700T之間的溫 度。 28·如申請專利範圍第18項的方法，再包含冷卻該中和的蒸 氣’並將冷凝物分離成烴及水相。 29. 如申請專利範圍第28項的方法，再包含在將不可冷凝物 汽化。 30. 如申請專利範圍第18項的方法，再包含在分離該蒸氣之 後’將該重油脫瀝青，因此形成富含瀝青晞的組合物及 缺乏歷青晞的組合物，其中富含瀝青埽的組合物後續被 汽化。 3 1 ·申請專利範圍第30項的方法，其中脫瀝青包含將該重油 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1226365 A8 B8Provide heavy oil 'wherein the heavy oil is a reaction substance, including water and salts; heating the reaction substance to maintain a temperature of 350 to 600T; exposing the reaction substance to 0.2 to 20 atmospheres; and separating the vapor from the reaction substance . 2. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope, further comprising adding water to the heavy oil 'to provide a reaction substance containing 0.1 to 20% by weight of water. 3. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the vapor comprises water vapor and hydrochloric acid. 4. The method of claim 1 in the scope of patent application, further comprising neutralizing the vapor. 5. The method of claim 1 in which the temperature of the reaction mass is maintained at 400 ° F to 500 ° F. 6. The method of claim 1 in which the temperature of the reaction mass is maintained at 450 ° F to 500T. 7. The method of claim 1 in which the added water contains water vapor. 8. The method according to item 3 of the scope of patent application, further comprising contacting the vapor with an alkali to neutralize the hydrochloric acid vapor. 9. The method of claim 8 in which the base comprises aqueous ammonia. 10. The method according to item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the aqueous alkali is contacted with steam in a tray container. 11. The method of claim 8 in which the aqueous alkali is collected in a chimney tray. 12. The method according to item 8 in the scope of patent application, wherein the water-based alkali is based on the chimney paper size and applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1226365 A8 B8 Γ7 ^ ~ __Ss __ 一 κ, The scope of patent application '~ " ^ 1 tray collection, and then including recycling and recovery of the aqueous alkali. I I3. The method as claimed in claim 10 of the patent scope, further comprising adding an amine to maintain the pH in the base to not more than 5.5. 14. The method according to item 丨 of the patent application scope, further comprising desalting heavy oil before heating the reaction material to between 350 F and 600 F. 15 · If the method of applying for the patent scope item 丨, further includes preheating the heavy oil to separate the reaction material from the radon gas to maintain the temperature of 400 ° F and 700T. 16 · Like the scope of patent application scope item 4 The method further comprises cooling the neutralized vapor and collecting condensate. 17. The method according to item 6 of the patent application, further comprising separating the condensate into hydrocarbons and phases. 18. A method of treating heavy oil, comprising: providing a heavy oil, wherein the oil comprises 0.1 to 5 volume percent water, and greater than 400 parts per million salt; heating the oil from 350 ° F to 600 ° F; Flash containing hydrochloric acid from the oil, so salt solids are left in the oil; neutralize the vapor; and vaporize a portion of the oil. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the temperature of the reaction mass is maintained from 400 ° F to 550 ° F. & 20. The method according to item 18 of the patent application range, wherein the temperature of the reaction substance is maintained from 450T to 500T. 21. The method of item 18 in the scope of patent application, wherein the steam and water-based amine paper size are in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1226365 A8 B8 C8 -------__ D8 VI. Contact for patent application to neutralize hydrochloric acid vapor. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the amine comprises aqueous ammonia. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the aqueous amine is contacted with steam in a chimney tray, and further comprises recycling the aqueous amine. 24. The method according to item 21 of the patent application scope, further comprising adding an amine to maintain the pH in the amine to be greater than 5,5. 25. The method according to item 23 of the patent application scope, further comprising removing the escaped water vapor from the circulating aqueous amine, stripping the amine from the water and water vapor, and then adding the amine to the circulating aqueous amine. Amine. 26. The method of claim 25 in the scope of patent application, further comprising using stripped water as gray water in the vaporization process, wherein the vaporization process converts a part of the crude oil into a gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen . 27. The method of claim 18, further comprising preheating the heavy oil to a temperature between 400T and 700T before separating the vapor containing the reactant. 28. The method of claim 18, further comprising cooling the neutralized steam ' and separating the condensate into a hydrocarbon and an aqueous phase. 29. The method of claim 28 in the scope of patent application includes the vaporization of non-condensables. 30. The method according to item 18 of the scope of patent application, further comprising, after separating the vapor, 'deasphalting the heavy oil, thereby forming a composition rich in bitumen and a composition lacking Liqing, wherein the bitumen rich in The composition is subsequently vaporized. 3 1 · The method of applying for the scope of patent No. 30, in which the deasphalting includes the heavy oil. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 1226365 A8 B8 與火元類溶劑接觸，以泌4 /成化口物，將該混合物加上其φ !沉殿吻的條件，以形成富含渥青婦的組合物，： 仗將孩*含歷青埽的組合物從缺乏歷青缔的組合物中八 離。 刀 32. 申請專利範圍第31項的方法，再包含在沉殿瀝青埽前， 將固體從該混合物中分離。 33. : π專利氣圍弟32項的方法，其中該固體包含氯化納、 氧化躬及氧化鎂之一或多個。 34·申請專利範圍第3〇項的方法，再包含在汽化富含歷青烯 的、’且口物中產生水蒸氣’且使用該水蒸氣來加熱該重油 〇 35·申凊專利範圍第30項的方法，纟中在該油中的固體與富 含瀝青烯的組合物分離。 36·申凊專利範圍第35項的方法，其中該固體包含氯化鈉、 氧化鈣及氧化鎂之一或多個。 37·申請專利範圍第35項的方法，其中該富含瀝青婦的組合 物被汽化。 38·申請專利範圍第30項的方法，其中將該蒸氣與水性胺接 觸’來中和該蒸氣。 39·申請專利範圍第38項的方法，其中該水性胺在煙囪塔板 中與蒸氣接觸，且再包含將水性胺循環。 40·如申請專利範圍第39項的方法，再包含將逸出的水蒸氣 從循環的水性胺中移除，從水及水蒸氣中汽提該胺，添 加該胺至循環的水性胺中，並將該水份導到汽化器中。 •4· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐)Contact with Huoyuan solvents to secrete 4 / chenghua mouth, add the mixture to the conditions of φ! Shen Dian kiss, to form a composition rich in green young women: 将 将 孩 * 含 历 青 埽The composition was detached from the composition lacking Li Qing. Knife 32. The method of applying for item 31 of the patent scope further comprises separating solids from the mixture before Shendian Asphalt Concrete. 33. The method of item 32 of the π patent gas, wherein the solid comprises one or more of sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, and magnesium oxide. 34. The method of applying for the scope of the patent No. 30, further comprising vaporizing the cyanene-rich, 'and produce water vapor in the mouth' and using the water vapor to heat the heavy oil. According to the method of the present invention, the solids in the mash are separated from the asphaltene-rich composition. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the solid comprises one or more of sodium chloride, calcium oxide, and magnesium oxide. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the bitumen-rich composition is vaporized. 38. The method of claim 30, wherein the vapor is contacted with an aqueous amine to neutralize the vapor. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the aqueous amine is contacted with steam in a chimney tray and further comprises recycling the aqueous amine. 40. The method of claim 39 in the scope of patent application, further comprising removing the escaped water vapor from the circulating aqueous amine, stripping the amine from the water and water vapor, adding the amine to the circulating aqueous amine, This moisture is conducted to the carburetor. • 4 · This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210 X 297 mm) 裝 訂Binding 1226365 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 41. 如申請專利範圍第40項的方法，再包含使用汽提過的水 做為汽化製程中的灰水。 42. —種處理重油的方法，其包含： 提供油，其中該油包含介於0.1至5體積百分比水及大 於 400 ppm鹽； 加熱油至35(TF至600°F ; 自油中閃蒸掉含鹽酸及水之蒸汽，藉使鹽留於油中； 中和該蒸汽；及 將水排至汽化器以注入汽化器中，以用於驟冷製程或 其組合。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)1226365 A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Scope of Patent Application 41. For the method of applying for the scope of patent No. 40, it also includes the use of stripped water as the grey water in the vaporization process. 42. A method for treating heavy oil, comprising: providing an oil, wherein the oil contains between 0.1 and 5 volume percent water and greater than 400 ppm salt; heating the oil to 35 (TF to 600 ° F; flashing off from the oil Steam containing hydrochloric acid and water, while the salt remains in the oil; neutralize the steam; and discharge the water to the vaporizer to be injected into the vaporizer for the quenching process or a combination thereof. This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS ) A4 size (210 X 297 mm)