1221692 培之固定的快速充電電流至充電電池16, T1-T2區係為定 電流相位’在此定電流相位期間，充電電池16之電麼將 逐漸上升。一旦充電電池16之電壓達到約4.2伏（即T2 點），則進入定電壓相位，在T2時間點之後，充電器14 之輸出電壓維持在固定4.2伏，且其所提供之充電電流將 逐漸減少，直到降為約100毫安為止。在T3時間點，充電 電池16重新充滿電，且其充電程序結束。 圖3顯示習知改良電源充電系統之示意圖，其係提供 主系統24比充電器27優先使用外部電源供應器21提供之 電流，以提供外部電源供應器21過電流保護。充電系統 監控外部電源供應器21之輸出電流，並依據主系統24之 電流需求的優先權高於充電器27之電流需求的優先權， 來動態分配主系統24運作之電流與充電器27進行充電之 電流，以避免圖1中所發生之問題。 圖3中的充電糸統包含充電器2 7、外部電源電流控制 電路、充電器電流控制電路、充電電池電壓控制電路以 及一對蕭特基二極體23,30。其中，外部電源電流控制電 路包含電流感測電阻22、運算放大器（0pamp) 33,34以 及隔離二極體35。充電器電流控電路包含電流感測電阻 26運鼻放大器25,31以及隔離二極體32，充電電池電壓 控制電路包含運算放大器37以及隔離二極體36。 電流感測電阻22連接於外部電源供應器21與蕭特基 一極體23正端之間，蕭特基二極體23之負端則與主系統 24相連接。運异放大器33之輸入端分別連接於電流感測 電阻22二端。運算放大器34之輸入端分別與運算放大器 8 33之輸出端與第一預設電壓源相連接。運算放大器34之 輪出端與隔離二極體35之正端相連接，隔離二極體35之 負端與充電器27之控制輸入端相連接。 電流感測電阻26分別與蕭特基二極體23之正端及充 電器27之輸入端相連接。運算放大器25之輸入端分別連 接於電流感測電阻26之二端。運算放大器25之輸出端與 運算放大器31之其中一輸入端相連接，運算放大器31之 另一輸入端則連接第二預設電壓源29。運算放大器31之 輸出端與隔離二極體32之正端相連接，隔離二極體32之 負端與充電器27之控制輸入端相連接。 運算放大器37之輸入端分別與第三預設電壓源及充 電電池28相連接，運算放大器37之輸出端與隔離二極體 36之正端相連接，隔離二極體36之負端與充電器”之控 制輸入端相連接。充電器27之輸出端分別連接至充電電 池2S及蕭特基二極體30，其中，蕭特基二極體川係分別 與充電電池28及主系統24之輸入端相連接。 外部電源供應器21提供具有内部最大輸出電流限制 之固定直流輸出電壓，以作為其過載時的保護。電流感 測電阻22監測流入充電系統之總外部電源電流，該總外 部電源電流係為經由蕭特基二極體23供應至主系統24之 電流與經由電流感測電組26供應至充電器27之電流的 和° 流經電流感測電阻2 2之外部電源電流係被運算放大 器33放大且改變其位準。若電流感測電阻22為qi歐姆， 運算放大器33透過增益因f (例如··增益為1〇)來放大 1221692 由電流感測電阻22所沒取之電M。運算放大器34之正相 輸入端與運算放大器33之輸出端相連接，運算放大器34 之反，輸入端與預設電壓（例如：15伏）相連接。運算 放大器34之輸出透過隔離二極體乃來控制或調節充電器 電流。 由於外部t源電流控制電路藉由控制充電器27來維 持其外^電源電流為i ·5安培，所以外部電源電流控制電 路給主系統24較高的優先權來接收外部電源電流。若主 系統24透過蕭特基二極體23由外部電源供應器21沒取^ 女培電抓，則運异放大器34自動減少至充電器27之電 流，以不超過0.5安培，俾供將外部電源電流維持在15安 培。若主系統24減少所需之電流至〇·5安培，則運算放大 器34自動增加充電電流至1〇安培。因此，任何主系統24 不品要之電流將被移轉至充電器27，且外部電源供應器 21所提供之總電流維持在15安培。 由上述所描述之充電器27動作，可得知其包含電源 開關或旁路元件，俾供電源開關之控制端或旁路元件被 驅動為高位狀態時，以調節通過其本身之電流；電源開 關之控制i而或旁路元件被驅動為低位狀態，則增加通過 其本身之電流。P型金屬氧化半導體場效電晶體、pNp功 率電晶體或其他等效之元件係可符合此種需求。 充電器電流控制電路包含電流感測電阻26 (例如為 一固定電阻），以提供可程式化定電流調節至充電器27。 運算放大器25放大由電流感測電阻26汲取之電壓，運算 放大器25之輸出端與運算放大器31之正相輸入端相連 10 、圖4顯示習知改良之電源充電裝置，其係允許系統與 電池同時進仃運作與充電，且其包含—過溫度保護。此 裝置已3充電H電流控制電路、溫度控制電路、充電電 池電壓控制電路、充電器42以及-對蕭特基二極體。 充電器42係為線性調節-，其係可控制以提供定電 ，輸出歧電壓輸出，充電器42具有用以控制流經充電 器42之電流的控制輸入端，充電器仏之電源輸入端與電 流感測電阻4i相連接，充電器42之電源輸出端與充電電 池47相連接。 充電器電流控制電路包含電流感測電阻4丨、運算放 大态48,49以及隔離二極體57。運算放大器48之輸入端分 別連接於電流感測電阻41之二端，運算放大器48之輸出 端與運算放大器49之正相輸入端相連接。運算放大器49 之反相輸入端與預設電壓源相連接，且運算放大器49之 輸出端與隔離二極體57之正端相連接，隔離二極體57之 負端則與充電器42之控制輸入端相連接。電流感測電阻 41、運算放大器48,49一起設定充電器42之最大充電電 流’若電流感測電阻41為0.1歐姆，運算放大器48之增益 為10，且與運算放大器49之反相輸入端相連接之預設電 壓（參考電壓）為1.0伏，則最大充電電流為L〇安培。 充電電池電壓控制電路包含運算放大器46與隔離二 極體59，運算放大器46在充電電池47之定電壓充電相位 期間係提供4·2伏之調節定電壓，運算放大器46之正相輸 入端與充電電池47相連接，運算放大器46之反相輸入端 則與預設電壓相連接，以控制充電電池47之最大電壓。 12 溫度控制電路包含溫度感測器44、運算放大器45以 及隔離二極體58。運算放大器45之正相輸入端與溫度感 測器44之輸出端相連接，其反相輸入端與一代表預設溫 度之參考電壓源相連接。當充電系統被封裝於單一晶 片，溫度控制電路動作，以將充電系統之溫度限制於預 设溫度。一般來說，單一封裝單元具有電源耗損限制。 最能代表電源耗損限制之參數主要包括··於封裝體中元 件的最大操作臨界溫度（Top)、依封裝體而設定之最大 操作環境溫度（ΤΑ)以及封裝體的熱阻（如）。因此電 源耗損（PD)可表示為·· PDpACKAGE=1221692 The fixed fast charging current to the rechargeable battery 16, the T1-T2 area is a constant current phase. During this constant current phase, the power of the rechargeable battery 16 will gradually rise. Once the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 reaches approximately 4.2 volts (ie, T2 point), it enters a constant voltage phase. After the T2 time point, the output voltage of the charger 14 is maintained at a fixed 4.2 volts, and the charging current provided by it will gradually decrease. Until it drops to about 100 mA. At time T3, the rechargeable battery 16 is fully recharged, and its charging procedure ends. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional improved power charging system, which provides that the main system 24 uses the current provided by the external power supply 21 in preference to the charger 27 to provide the external power supply 21 with overcurrent protection. The charging system monitors the output current of the external power supply 21, and dynamically allocates the current operating by the main system 24 and the charger 27 for charging according to the priority of the current demand of the main system 24 being higher than the priority of the current demand of the charger 27. Current to avoid the problems that occur in Figure 1. The charging system in FIG. 3 includes a charger 27, an external power supply current control circuit, a charger current control circuit, a rechargeable battery voltage control circuit, and a pair of Schottky diodes 23,30. Among them, the external power supply current control circuit includes a current sensing resistor 22, an operational amplifier (0pamp) 33, 34, and an isolated diode 35. The charger current control circuit includes a current sensing resistor 26, a nose amplifier 25, 31, and an isolated diode 32, and the rechargeable battery voltage control circuit includes an operational amplifier 37 and an isolated diode 36. The current sensing resistor 22 is connected between the external power supply 21 and the positive terminal of the Schottky diode 23, and the negative terminal of the Schottky diode 23 is connected to the main system 24. The input terminals of the operational amplifier 33 are connected to the two terminals of the current sensing resistor 22, respectively. An input terminal of the operational amplifier 34 is connected to an output terminal of the operational amplifier 8 33 and a first preset voltage source, respectively. The wheel output of the operational amplifier 34 is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated diode 35, and the negative terminal of the isolated diode 35 is connected to the control input of the charger 27. The current sensing resistor 26 is connected to the positive terminal of the Schottky diode 23 and the input terminal of the charger 27, respectively. Input terminals of the operational amplifier 25 are connected to two terminals of the current sensing resistor 26, respectively. The output terminal of the operational amplifier 25 is connected to one of the input terminals of the operational amplifier 31, and the other input terminal of the operational amplifier 31 is connected to the second preset voltage source 29. The output terminal of the operational amplifier 31 is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated diode 32, and the negative terminal of the isolated diode 32 is connected to the control input terminal of the charger 27. The input terminal of the operational amplifier 37 is connected to the third preset voltage source and the rechargeable battery 28 respectively. The output terminal of the operational amplifier 37 is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated diode 36, and the negative terminal of the isolated diode 36 is connected to the charger. The control input of the charger is connected. The output of the charger 27 is connected to the rechargeable battery 2S and the Schottky diode 30 respectively. Among them, the Schottky diode is connected to the input of the rechargeable battery 28 and the main system 24 respectively. Terminal phase connection. The external power supply 21 provides a fixed DC output voltage with an internal maximum output current limit as protection against overload. The current sense resistor 22 monitors the total external power supply current flowing into the charging system, which total external power supply current It is the sum of the current supplied to the main system 24 via the Schottky diode 23 and the current supplied to the charger 27 via the current-sensing battery 26. The external power supply current flowing through the current-sense resistor 22 is calculated. The amplifier 33 amplifies and changes its level. If the current sensing resistor 22 is qi ohm, the operational amplifier 33 amplifies the gain factor f (for example, the gain is 10) 1221692 by the current sensing resistor 22 The electric power M. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 34 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 33. On the contrary, the operational amplifier 34 is connected to the preset voltage (for example: 15 volts). The operational amplifier 34 of The output controls or adjusts the charger current through the isolated diode. Since the external t-source current control circuit maintains its external power supply current by controlling the charger 27 to be i · 5 amps, the external power supply current control circuit gives the main system 24 has a higher priority to receive the external power supply current. If the main system 24 is not picked up by the external power supply 21 through the Schottky diode 23, the female amplifier 34 is automatically reduced to the charger 27 The current should not exceed 0.5 amps to maintain the external power supply current at 15 amps. If the main system 24 reduces the required current to 0.5 amps, the operational amplifier 34 automatically increases the charging current to 10 amps. Therefore, any The undesired current of the main system 24 will be transferred to the charger 27, and the total current provided by the external power supply 21 is maintained at 15 amps. The operation of the charger 27 described above can be obtained It contains a power switch or bypass element. When the control terminal or bypass element of the power switch is driven to a high state, the current passing through it is adjusted; the control of the power switch or the bypass element is driven to a low state , Then increase the current through itself. P-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, pNp power transistors or other equivalent components can meet this demand. The charger current control circuit includes a current sensing resistor 26 (for example, A fixed resistor) to provide programmable constant current adjustment to the charger 27. The operational amplifier 25 amplifies the voltage drawn by the current sensing resistor 26, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 25 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 31. Figure 4 shows a conventional and improved power charging device, which allows the system and the battery to operate and charge at the same time, and it includes over-temperature protection. This device has 3 charging H current control circuits, temperature control circuits, rechargeable battery voltage control circuits, chargers 42 and-Schottky diodes. Charger 42 is a linear regulator-, which is controllable to provide constant power and output a divergent voltage output. Charger 42 has a control input to control the current flowing through charger 42, a power input terminal of the charger 与 and The current sensing resistor 4i is connected, and the power output terminal of the charger 42 is connected to the rechargeable battery 47. The charger current control circuit includes a current sensing resistor 4 丨, an operational amplifier state 48,49, and an isolated diode 57. The input terminal of the operational amplifier 48 is connected to the two terminals of the current sensing resistor 41, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 48 is connected to the non-inverted input terminal of the operational amplifier 49. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 49 is connected to the preset voltage source, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 49 is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated diode 57. The negative terminal of the isolated diode 57 is controlled by the charger 42. The inputs are connected. The current sensing resistor 41 and the operational amplifiers 48 and 49 together set the maximum charging current of the charger 42. If the current sensing resistor 41 is 0.1 ohms, the gain of the operational amplifier 48 is 10, and it is the same as the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 49. When the preset voltage (reference voltage) of the connection is 1.0 volt, the maximum charging current is L0 Ampere. The rechargeable battery voltage control circuit includes an operational amplifier 46 and an isolated diode 59. The operational amplifier 46 provides a regulated constant voltage of 4 · 2 volts during the constant voltage charging phase of the rechargeable battery 47. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 46 is charged with The battery 47 is connected, and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 46 is connected to a preset voltage to control the maximum voltage of the rechargeable battery 47. 12 The temperature control circuit includes a temperature sensor 44, an operational amplifier 45, and an isolated diode 58. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 45 is connected to the output terminal of the temperature sensor 44, and its inverting input terminal is connected to a reference voltage source representing a preset temperature. When the charging system is packaged on a single chip, the temperature control circuit operates to limit the temperature of the charging system to a preset temperature. Generally speaking, a single package unit has a power consumption limit. The parameters that can best represent the power consumption limit mainly include the maximum operating critical temperature (Top) of the components in the package, the maximum operating ambient temperature (TA) set according to the package, and the thermal resistance of the package (such as). So the power loss (PD) can be expressed as PDPDACKAGE =
®JA ，舉例來說，假設充電器積體電路（IC)之熱阻-=50 C/W，最大充電操作臨界溫度為1 〇 5。c以及最大操作環境 溫度為65 °C，則在此封裝體中該Ic所允許之最大耗損為 0· 8瓦。 ’ 對充電器42而言，其功率耗損係由充電電流（1@) 以及充電器42之輸入電壓與輸出電壓（例如：充電電池 47之電壓）之壓差所產生，亦即 PDcharger=Ich (VIN—V0UT) 〇 毫無疑問地，充電器42之功率耗損不可超過封裝體所限 制之功率耗損。由以上之說明可知，充電器電流控制電 路限制充電電流（ICH )為1 ·〇安培，充電器42之輸入與輸 出電壓差被限制為0.8伏，然而，其並沒有控制電路來擔 保在橫跨充電器42兩端，充電電池電壓不會導致高於〇8 13 1221692 伏之電壓降，但橫跨充電器42兩端之電壓降太大時，溫 度控制電路在功率耗損上提供一限制。例如··若外部電 源電壓為5伏，且充電電池47在定電流相位開始期間，其 電壓為3.0伏，則橫跨充電器42兩端之電壓降為2伏，由於 此2伏電壓降大於在1安培下〇.8伏之限制，所以充電器〇 必須調節其所產生之電壓降。若該封裝體之功率耗損被 限制為0.8瓦，則充電器42之充電電流必須被限制為〇 4安 培（0.8/2.0)。當臨界溫度向預設溫度（於本例中，預 設溫度為105。〇準位上升時，運算放大器45之輸出電壓 上升’使得充電器42調節其充電電流。 在穩定狀態時，充電系統4〇維持一充電電流準位， 其係保持在105。(：之臨界溫度，此熱限制將會調節充電電 流為0·4安培，以對應〇·8瓦之電源耗損以及4〇γ之上升 μ度若貫際的環境溫度低於65。c，則充電電流可以變 大。當一鋰離子電池充滿電，則其電壓為4·2伏，環境溫 度為65 C，該熱限制並使得運算放大器45自動增加充電 電流至1安培，以使得總電源耗損維持在〇· 8瓦。 由以上之說明可知，圖3與圖4所揭露之充電系統皆 月匕同時使得主系統運作與電池進行充電。㉟❿，圖3中的 控制電路提供主系統運作之優先權高於電池充電，但若 充電電路為線性充電器時，控制電路並沒有提供充電系 統之最大溫度控制（或最大耗損控制）。圖4之控制電路 則提供充U統之過電源耗損控制，但其並沒有提供主 系，所需電流與所需充電電流之仲裁，這將會產生實際 問題#即外部電源供應器將因過電流情況而關閉。 14 1221692 因此，如何提供充電系統具有同時提供主系統運作 與電池進行充電，且主系統之優先權高於充電器，防止 外部電源供應器發生過電流情況以及充電電路封裝於單 一晶片時提供該電路之過熱保護，已成為一亟需解決之 課題。 三、發明内容 本發明之一目的係在提供一種具有電流調節及溫度 凋節之充電系統，俾能提供綜合充電控制系統存在於單 一封裝體中，此綜合充電控制系統提供之最佳充電電 流，係不會超過外部電源供應器之電流限制，或不超過 所允許之最大操作溫度。 本發明之另一目的係在提供一種具有電流調節及溫 度調節之充電系、統，俾能使得更多電源管理功能能夠被 整合於單一裝置中，並能增加外部電源供應器及充電系 統之整體效率。 本舍明之又一目的係在提供一種具有冑流調節及溫 度調節之充電系統，俾能提供—簡易卻完整的充電控制 系統’以使得基本之整體線性充電器整合電路作為具有 延伸電源管理之線性充電器整合電路。 ，發明之又-目的係在提供_種具有電流調節及溫 度調節之充電系統，俾能控制外部電源電流不僅分配給 較南優先權之主系統電流，並防止諸如短路之系統錯誤。 …本發明之又-目的係在提供_種具有電流調節及溫 度調節之充電系統，俾能使得裝置溫度之控制不僅調節 15 1221692 充電電流而使得充電系統不會超過其本身的最大操作溫 度，並防止主系統電性錯誤或可能引起主系統過熱充電 系統之缺失。 依據本發明之一特色，所提供之具有電流調節及溫 度5周郎之充電系統，用以提供電源至一主系統與一充電 電池，该充電系統主要包括：一電流感測電路，係包括 一電流感測電阻與一運算放大器，該電流感測電阻用以 形成一電壓降信號，該電壓降信號係與流經該電流感測 電阻之電流相對應，該運算放大器與該電流感測電阻相 連接，以提咼橫跨該電流感測電阻之電壓降信號；一線 性充電器，係透過該電流感測電阻接收由一外部電源供 應器提供之電流，該線性充電器之輸出端提供電流至該 充電電池，該線性充電器具有一第一控制輸入端，以控 制該線性充電器提供至該充電電池的電流量；一線性調 節器，係透過该電流感測電阻接收由該外部電源供應器 提供之電流，該線性調節器之輸出端提供電流至該主系 統，該線性調節器具有一第二控制輸入端，以控制該線 性调節器提供至該主系統的電流量；一關閉電路，係用 以阻止該線性充電器動作，且該線性充電器與該關閉電 路之一第一或一第二關閉輸入端相連接；一電流調節單 元，係與該電流感測電路相連接，並分別連接至該線性 調節器或該關閉電路，且該電流調節單元接收至少一預 設電壓，俾供依據該電流感測電路之輸出電壓與該至少 一預設電壓來控制該線性調節器或該關閉電路；一温度 感測器，係用以感測該線性調節器或該線性充電器之操 16 1221692 作溫度，以提供一代表感測溫度之輸出；一溫度調節單 元，係與該溫度感測器相連接，且接收至少一代表預設 溫度之電壓，俾供依據該溫度感測器之輸出及該至少一 代表預設溫度之電壓來控制流經該線性充電器之電流， 或依據該溫度感測器之輸出及該至少一代表預設溫度之 電壓來控制關閉該線性調節器或該線性充電器，· 一第一 電壓控制電4，係具有一與該線性調_器之冑出端相連 接之第一輸入端以及一與一第三預設電壓相連接之第二 輸入端，該第一電壓控制電路具有一與該線性調節器之 控制輸入端相連接之輸出端，以調節提供至 電厂堅；以及一第二電塵控制電路，係具有一與該= 電器之輸出端相連接之第一輸入端以及一與一第四預設 電壓相連接之第二輸入端，該第二電壓控制電路具有一 與該線性充電器之控制輸入端相連接之輸出端，以調節 提供至該充電電池之電壓。 依據本發明之另一特色，所提供之具有電流調節及 溫度調節之充電系統，用以提供電源至一主系統與一充 電電池，該充電系統主要包括：一電流感測手段，用以 感測由一外部電源供應器所提供之電流；一溫度感測手 段，用以感測該充電系統之溫度；一主系統調節器手段， 用以提供一電流與一電壓至該主系統以及用以調節該主 系統之電流與電壓；一充電電池充電器手段，以提供一 電流與一電壓至該充電電池以及用以調節該充電電池之 電流與電壓；一第一限流手段，係與該充電電池充電器 手段相連接，用以反應於該電流感測手段而限制該充電 17 I* I*1221692 電池充電器手段所提供之最大電流；一第二限流手段， 係與該充電電池充電器手段相連接，用以反應於該溫度 感測手段而限制該充電電池充電器手段所提供之最大電 流；一調節手段，用以反應於該電流感測手段或該溫度 感測手段而調節該充電系統；一第三限流手段，係與該 調節手段相連接，用以反應於該電流感測手段而限制由 該外部電源供應器提供之最大電流；一第一控制電壓手 段，係與該主系統調節器手段相連接，用以控制該主系 統調節器手段所提供之電壓；以及一第二控制電壓手 ❿ 段’係與該充電電池充電器手段相連接，用以控制該充 電電池充電器所提供之電壓。 依據本發明之又一特色，所提供之具有電流調節及 溫度調節之充電系統，用以提供電源至一主系統與一充 電電池’該充電系統主要包括：一電流感測電阻，係依 據由一外部電源供應器所提供之電流形成一電壓降；一 線性調節器，具有一與該外部電源供應器相連接之輸入 端、一用以供應電流至該主系統之輸出端以及一用以控 馨 制由該輸出端提供至該主系統之所有電流之控制輸入 端；一線性充電器，具有一透過該電流感測電阻而與該 外部電源供應器相連接之輸入端、一用以提供電流至該 充電電池之輸出端以及一用以控制由該輸出端提供至該 充電電池之所有電流之控制輸入端；一關閉電路，係具 有一對輸入端，任一個輸入端若有一信號，則驅使該關 閉電路關閉該線性調節器或該線性充電器；複數個二極 體，每一個二極體具有一與該線性充電器之控制輸入端 18 1221692 相連接之負端；一溫度感測器，係用以感測該線性調節 器或δ亥線性充電器之操作溫度，以提供一代表該感測之 操作溫度的輸出電壓；一第一放大器，係與該電流感測 電阻之兩端相連接，該第一放大器具有一用來傳送已放 大之橫跨於該電流感測電阻之電壓降的輸出端；一第一 比幸乂器，係具有一連接至該第一放大器之輸出端之第一 輸入端以及一連接一第一預設電壓源之第二輸入端，該 第一比較器並具有一連接至該關閉電路之其中一輸入端 之輸出端；一第二放大器，係具有一連接至該第一放大 器之輸出端之第一輸入端以及一連接一第二預設電壓源 之第二輸入端，該第二放大器並具有一連接至其中一隔 離二極體之正端的輸出端；一第三放大器，係具有一連 接至該線性調節器之輸出端之第一輸入端以及一連接至 一第三預設電壓源之第二輸入端，該第三放大器並具有 一連接至該線性調節器之控制輸入端之輸出端；一第四 放大器，係具有-連接至該線性充電器之輸出端之第一 輸入端以及一連接至一第四預設電壓源之第二輸入端， 忒第四放大器並具有一連接之該等隔離二極體之另一隔 離一極體之正端的輸出端；一第五放大器，係具有一連 接至該溫度感測器之輸出端之第一輸入端以及一連接至 一^表一第一預設溫度之電壓的第二輸入端，該第五放 大器並具:t連接至邊等隔離二極體之最後—隔離二極 體之輸出端；以及-第二比較器，係具有-連接至該溫 度感測器之輸出之第一輸入端以及一連接至一代表一第 19 二預設溫度之電壓的第二輸入端，該第二比較器並具有 一連接至該關閉電路之另一輸入端之輸出端。 四、實施方式 在許多可攜式電子裝置中，對於其外部電源與充電 系統之電源管理功能的整合是必須的。例如：圖丨中的蕭 特基二極體12，17或許需要替換為功率金屬氧化半導體場 效電晶體，以達成高效率與調節熱損失，其中，一個功 率MOS可用以作為二個蕭特基二極體12，17，或作為其中 之一。 、 圖5顯示一充電電路之示意圖，其係將習知的傳遞二 極體置換為功率MOS。在圖5中，功率金屬氧化半導體場 效電晶體（卩(^以撾03)52置換圖1中的蕭特基二極體12琢 當外部電源供應器51分別與電源以及充電系統5〇相連接 時，功率金屬氧化半導體場效電晶體52提供執行系統所 需之電流。由於功率金屬氧化半導體場效電晶體52與線 性充電器54在同一基板上，所以功率金屬氧化半導體場 效電晶體52與線性充電器54將同時對充電系統5〇產生熱 耗損。也就是說，充電系統50之溫度提升係由兩種來|原 所驅使。此外，控制電路55必須提供熱限制保護，以防 止線性充電器54汲取過多充電電流，或避免主系統由功 率金屬氧化半導體場效電晶體52汲取過多電流之錯誤情 形。 在其他可攜式電子裝置中’當外部電源供應琴提供 電源至充電系統時，系統設計之需求可能為外部電源供 UZ1692 應II之輸出電㈣被調節。舉例來說，不論是鋪子電 池或外部電源供應器提供電源給行動電話（即主*** 53) ’行動電話電路之最大輸入電㈣4·2伏。當一傳统 的外部電源供應器，對其正常輸出電壓（例如·· 5伏）具 有百分之十的容忍誤差時，外部電源供應器可能提供 伏電壓。即使具有蕭特基二極體12，提供至主系統的電 壓仍將超過主系統的規格。因此，蕭特基二極體12必須 被置換為線性調節器，以產生符合主系統53之需求，即 4·2伏。對線性調節器而言，較佳為使用功率金屬氧化半 導體場效電晶體作為傳遞裝置。 圖6顯示較佳的電源充電裝置，其係提供主系統65 比充電器有較咼的優先順序汲取外部電源電流，且其包 含外部電源供應器61之過電流保護與充電系統6〇之過熱 保護。在圖6中的充電系統60包含電流感測電路、外部電 源電流控制電路、溫度控制電路、主系統電壓控制電路、 充電電池電壓控制電路、熱關閉電路、充電器電流控制 電路、線性充電器72、線性調節器63、關閉電路68以及 溫度感測器67。 線性充電器72具有輸入端、輸出端以及控制輸入 端’其輸入端係透過感測電阻62接收外部電源電流，其 輸出端則與充電電池76相連接，其控制輸入端用來控制 通過其本身並抵達充電電池76之充電電流。 線性調節器63具有輸入端、輸出端以及控制輸入 端，其輸入端亦透過感測電阻62接收外部電源電流，其 21 輸出端與主系統65相連接，其控制輸入端控制通過其本 身之大部分的電流。 電流感測電路包括電流感測電阻62以及運算放大器 73，其中運算放大器73跨接電流感測電阻62之兩端。於 本實施例中，電流感測電阻為〇1歐姆，運算放大器之增 盈為10。 外部電源電流控制電路包括比較器7丨，比較器7丨之 正相輸入端與運算放大器73之輸出端相連接，其反相輸 入為則與第一預設電壓源相連接，該第一預設電壓用以 判斷由外部電源供應器61所允許流出之最大電流。若電 机感’則電阻62為〇· 1歐姆，則第一預設電壓為i伏，運算放 大器之增益為10,以使得總外部電源電流被限制為1安 培。比較器71之輸出端連接至關閉電路68之其中一輸入 端’俾供充電系統60欲從外部電源供應器6丨汲取更多電 机（超過1安培）時，充電系統6〇將被關閉電路68關閉。 溫度控制電路包括運算放大器69以及隔離二極體 77。運算放大器69之正相輸入端與溫度感測器67之輸出 端相連接，其反相輸入端則與一代表預設溫度之電壓源 相連接。隔離二極體77之正端與運算放大器69之輸出端 相連接，其負端則與線性充電器72之控制輸入端相連 接。若預設溫度設定為1〇5。(^，則充電系統之溫度為1〇5。 C時，線性充電器72調節充電電流。若環境溫度可被允許 為不超過65 C，則本充電系統60的熱阻為50。C/W，溫度 扛制電路將限制充電系統的功率耗損為0. 8瓦（40。C/50。 c/w)。若提供至充電電池76或主系統65之最大電壓為4· 2 22 伏且外部電源供應器61提供之最大電壓為5伏，則溫度 控制電路所允許之最大外部電源電流為丨安培（〇.8瓦 / 0 · 8 伏）。 充電Is電流控制電路包括運算放大器74以及隔離二 極體79 ’運#放大H74之正相輸人端與運算放大器73之 輸出端相連接，其反相輸入端則與一第二預設電壓源相 連接，該第二預設電壓用以判斷調節線性充電器72之最 大外部電源電流。隔離二極體79之正端與運算放大器％ 之輸出端相連接，其負端則與線性充電器72之控制輸入 端相連接。若第二預設電壓為〇.95伏，且電流感測電阻為 〇·1歐姆，運异放大器73之增益為1〇，則當外部電源電流 達到0.95安培時，線性充電器72將會調節其充電電流。由 於第二預設電壓為0.95伏，故充電器電流控制電路所允許 之最大充電電流為0.95安培。 溫度關閉電路包括比較器66,比較器66之正相輸入 端與溫度感測器67之輸出端相連接，其反相輸入端則與 -代表預設關閉溫度之電壓源相連接，且其輸出端與關 閉電路68之另一輸入端相連接。若預設關閉溫度為15〇。 C，則當充電系統到達15〇。(^時，充電系統將會被關閉。 若最大允許環境溫度為65。C且該封裝體之熱阻為5〇。 c/w，則熱關閉電路所允許之最大功率為丨· 7瓦（85飞/5〇 〇C/W) 〇 主系統電壓控制電路包括運算放大器64，運算放大 器64之正相輸入端與主系統65之電壓輸入端相連接，其 反相輸入端則與第三預設電壓源相連接，其輸出端與線 23 性調節器之控制輸入端相連接。若第三預設電壓為4·2 伏，則主系、、統電壓㈣電路將控制限性調節器63限制輸 入至主系統之電壓為4. 2伏。 充電電池控制電路包括運算放大器75以及隔離二極 體78 ’運异放大器75之正相輸入端與充電電池76相連 接，其反相輸入端則與第四預設電壓相連接，且其輸出 端與隔離二極體78之正端相連接，隔離二極體78之負端 則與線性充電器72之控制輸入端相連接。若第四預設電 壓為4· 2伏，則當充電電池76達到4·2伏時，線性充電器 72將調節其輸出電壓為4. 2伏。 ^充電電池76並與蕭特基二極體7〇相連接，俾供透過 蕭特基二極體70提供電壓至主系統65。 電流限制 由以上之說明可知，充電器電流控制電路限制其充 電電流最大為〇· 95安-培且外部電源電流控制電路限制其 …外邛電源電流為1 · 〇安培。由於充電器電流控制電路與 外部電源電流控制電路皆使用相同的電流感測電阻62， 若主系統65滿載時需要〇·9〇安培，則〇〇5安培可使用於 、本〖生充電器72。若主系統65僅沒取0· 01安培（在關閉電 源或睡眠模式時），則0· 94安培可使用於線性充電器， 係因由外部電源供應器61所提供之總電流被限制於〇 95 安培。 ’ 然而’若主系統65嘗試汲取比0· 95安培更多的電流 (或許由於主系統65中發生錯誤），本電路將立即執行 一個動作。首先，當〇· 95安培之限制符合或超過時，充 1221692 電器電流控制電路關閉線性充電器72，以使得外部電源 電流可滿足主系統65之需求。繼而，若主系統的之電流 需求仍南於0· 95安培，則外部電源電流控制電路將限制 外部電源電流為1安培，若該電源需求等於或高於i安 培，外部電源電流控制電路將會關閉充電系統6〇，充電 系統60因此而進入關閉模式，當然線性調節器63與線性 充電器72此時係為關閉。此雙準位電流限制機制在主系 統發生錯誤而造成過電流情形時時，係使用單一電流感 測電阻62來正確地關閉線性調節器63或使用一功率開關 來提供電源至主系統65。 雙^位溫度限缶丨 由以上之說明可知，當充電系統60之溫度達到1〇5。 c時，溫度控制電路調節線性充電器72之充電電流，當充 電系統之溫度達到^(rc，熱關閉電路則關閉充電系統 60。由於溫度感測器67皆被溫度控制電路與熱關閉電路 使用，故無論熱源是由線性調節器63或線性充電器72或 由兩者產生，運算放大器69將會調節充電電流，俾供將 充電糸統60中的該等元件之溫度維持在1〇5〇Ci固定溫 度。下表顯示充電系統60在六種狀態（A〜F)下各個操作 參數之相關數值。®JA, for example, assume that the thermal resistance of the charger integrated circuit (IC) is -50 C / W, and the maximum charging operation critical temperature is 105. c and the maximum operating environment temperature is 65 ° C, the maximum loss allowed by the Ic in this package is 0 · 8 watts. 'For the charger 42, its power loss is caused by the charging current (1 @) and the voltage difference between the input voltage and the output voltage of the charger 42 (for example, the voltage of the rechargeable battery 47), which is PDcharger = Ich ( VIN—V0UT) ○ There is no doubt that the power loss of the charger 42 cannot exceed the power loss limited by the package. From the above description, it can be seen that the charger current control circuit limits the charging current (ICH) to 1.0 ampere, and the difference between the input and output voltage of the charger 42 is limited to 0.8 volts. However, it does not have a control circuit to guarantee The charger battery voltage across the charger 42 will not cause a voltage drop higher than 0 8 13 1221692 volts, but when the voltage drop across the charger 42 is too large, the temperature control circuit provides a limit on power loss. For example, if the external power supply voltage is 5 volts and the voltage of the rechargeable battery 47 during the start of the constant current phase is 3.0 volts, the voltage drop across the charger 42 will be 2 volts, because this 2 volt voltage drop is greater than At a limit of 0.8 volts at 1 amp, the charger 0 must adjust the voltage drop it generates. If the power consumption of the package is limited to 0.8 watts, the charging current of the charger 42 must be limited to 0.4 amps (0.8 / 2.0). When the critical temperature reaches a preset temperature (in this example, the preset temperature is 105 °), when the level rises, the output voltage of the operational amplifier 45 rises so that the charger 42 adjusts its charging current. In a steady state, the charging system 4 〇 Maintain a charge current level, which is maintained at 105. (: critical temperature, this thermal limit will adjust the charge current to 0.4 amps to correspond to a power loss of 0.8 watts and a rise of 40o μ If the ambient temperature is lower than 65 ° C, the charging current can be increased. When a lithium-ion battery is fully charged, its voltage is 4 · 2 volts and the ambient temperature is 65 ° C. This thermal limitation limits the operational amplifier. 45 automatically increases the charging current to 1 amp so that the total power consumption is maintained at 0.8 watts. From the above description, it can be seen that the charging systems disclosed in Figures 3 and 4 both simultaneously operate the main system and charge the battery. Alas, the control circuit in Figure 3 provides the priority of the main system operation over battery charging, but if the charging circuit is a linear charger, the control circuit does not provide the maximum temperature control (or maximum Loss control). The control circuit in Figure 4 provides over-power loss control of the charging system, but it does not provide the main system, the arbitration of the required current and the required charging current, which will cause practical problems #ie external power supply The device will be shut down due to an overcurrent condition. 14 1221692 Therefore, how to provide a charging system with both the main system operation and battery charging, and the priority of the main system is higher than the charger to prevent overcurrent conditions and charging of the external power supply. Providing a circuit with overheat protection for a circuit when it is packaged on a single chip has become an urgent problem. III. Summary of the Invention One object of the present invention is to provide a charging system with current regulation and temperature decay, which can provide comprehensive The charging control system exists in a single package. The optimal charging current provided by this integrated charging control system does not exceed the current limit of the external power supply or the maximum allowed operating temperature. Another object of the present invention To provide a charging system and system with current regulation and temperature regulation, which can make more The power management function can be integrated into a single device, and can increase the overall efficiency of the external power supply and charging system. Another object of the present invention is to provide a charging system with current regulation and temperature regulation. Simple but complete charging control system 'to make the basic integrated linear charger integrated circuit as a linear charger integrated circuit with extended power management. Another invention-the purpose is to provide _ a kind of charging system with current regulation and temperature regulation It can control the external power supply current not only to the main system current with a higher priority, but also to prevent system errors such as short circuits.… Another object of the present invention is to provide a charging system with current regulation and temperature regulation. It can make the device temperature control not only adjust the charging current of 15 1221692, so that the charging system will not exceed its own maximum operating temperature, and prevent the main system from electrical errors or the absence of the main system overheating charging system. According to a feature of the present invention, a charging system with current regulation and temperature of 5 weeks is provided to provide power to a main system and a rechargeable battery. The charging system mainly includes: a current sensing circuit, including a A current sensing resistor and an operational amplifier. The current sensing resistor is used to form a voltage drop signal. The voltage drop signal corresponds to a current flowing through the current sensing resistor. The operational amplifier is in phase with the current sensing resistor. Connected to raise the voltage drop signal across the current sensing resistor; a linear charger receives current provided by an external power supply through the current sensing resistor, and the output terminal of the linear charger provides current to For the rechargeable battery, the linear charger has a first control input terminal to control the amount of current provided by the linear charger to the rechargeable battery; a linear regulator is received by the external power supply through the current sensing resistor Current, the output of the linear regulator provides current to the main system, the linear regulator has a second control input To control the amount of current provided by the linear regulator to the main system; a shutdown circuit is used to prevent the linear charger from operating, and one of the linear charger and the shutdown circuit is a first or a second shutdown input Phase connection; a current regulating unit is connected to the current sensing circuit and is respectively connected to the linear regulator or the shutdown circuit, and the current regulating unit receives at least one preset voltage for use in accordance with the current sensing The output voltage of the circuit and the at least one preset voltage control the linear regulator or the shutdown circuit; a temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the linear regulator or the operation of the linear charger. Provide an output representative of the sensed temperature; a temperature adjustment unit connected to the temperature sensor and receive at least one voltage representative of a preset temperature for the output based on the temperature sensor and the at least one representative A voltage of a preset temperature to control the current flowing through the linear charger, or a shutdown according to the output of the temperature sensor and the at least one voltage representing the preset temperature The linear regulator or the linear charger, a first voltage control circuit 4, has a first input terminal connected to an output terminal of the linear regulator and a third input voltage connected to a third preset voltage. A second input terminal, the first voltage control circuit having an output terminal connected to the control input terminal of the linear regulator to adjust and provide the power to the power plant; and a second electric dust control circuit having a = A first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the appliance and a second input terminal connected to a fourth preset voltage, the second voltage control circuit having an output connected to the control input terminal of the linear charger To adjust the voltage provided to the rechargeable battery. According to another feature of the present invention, a charging system with current regulation and temperature regulation is provided to provide power to a main system and a rechargeable battery. The charging system mainly includes: a current sensing means for sensing Current provided by an external power supply; a temperature sensing means for sensing the temperature of the charging system; a main system regulator means for providing a current and a voltage to the main system and for regulating Current and voltage of the main system; a rechargeable battery charger means to provide a current and a voltage to the rechargeable battery and to adjust the current and voltage of the rechargeable battery; a first current limiting means connected to the rechargeable battery The charger means is connected to limit the maximum current provided by the battery charger means 17 I * I * 1221692 in response to the current sensing means; a second current limiting means is connected to the rechargeable battery charger means Connected to limit the maximum current provided by the rechargeable battery charger means in response to the temperature sensing means; and an adjustment means to react The current sensing means or the temperature sensing means regulates the charging system; a third current limiting means is connected to the regulating means, and is used to limit the supply by the external power supply in response to the current sensing means. The maximum current; a first control voltage means connected to the main system regulator means to control the voltage provided by the main system regulator means; and a second control voltage means to connect to the charging The battery charger means is connected to control the voltage provided by the rechargeable battery charger. According to another feature of the present invention, a charging system with current regulation and temperature regulation is provided to provide power to a main system and a rechargeable battery. The charging system mainly includes: a current sensing resistor. The current provided by the external power supply forms a voltage drop; a linear regulator has an input terminal connected to the external power supply, an output terminal for supplying current to the main system and a control terminal A control input terminal for controlling all currents provided by the output terminal to the main system; a linear charger having an input terminal connected to the external power supply through the current sensing resistor; An output terminal of the rechargeable battery and a control input terminal for controlling all currents provided by the output terminal to the rechargeable battery; a shutdown circuit having a pair of input terminals, and if any of the input terminals has a signal, driving the A shutdown circuit turns off the linear regulator or the linear charger; a plurality of diodes, each of which has a connection to the linear charger Control input terminal 18 1221692 is connected to a negative terminal; a temperature sensor is used to sense the operating temperature of the linear regulator or delta linear charger to provide an output voltage representing the sensed operating temperature; A first amplifier is connected to both ends of the current sensing resistor, and the first amplifier has an output terminal for transmitting the amplified voltage drop across the current sensing resistor; a first comparison The amplifier has a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the first amplifier and a second input terminal connected to a first preset voltage source. The first comparator also has a terminal connected to the shutdown circuit. An output terminal of one of the input terminals; a second amplifier having a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the first amplifier and a second input terminal connected to a second preset voltage source, the second amplifier And has an output terminal connected to the positive terminal of one of the isolated diodes; a third amplifier having a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the linear regulator and a third preset voltage The second input terminal of the voltage source, the third amplifier has an output terminal connected to the control input terminal of the linear regulator; a fourth amplifier has a first input connected to the output terminal of the linear charger Terminal and a second input terminal connected to a fourth preset voltage source, a fourth amplifier and an output terminal connected to the positive ends of the isolated diodes and the other isolated one; a fifth amplifier Has a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the temperature sensor and a second input terminal connected to a voltage of a first preset temperature, the fifth amplifier has: t connected to The last of the isolated diode-the output terminal of the isolated diode; and-the second comparator has-a first input terminal connected to the output of the temperature sensor and a connection to a 19th A second input terminal of two preset temperature voltages. The second comparator has an output terminal connected to the other input terminal of the shutdown circuit. 4. Implementation In many portable electronic devices, the integration of the external power supply and the power management function of the charging system is necessary. For example: Schottky diodes 12, 17 in Figure 丨 may need to be replaced with power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors to achieve high efficiency and regulate heat loss. Among them, one power MOS can be used as two Schottky diodes. Diodes 12, 17, or as one of them. Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a charging circuit, which replaces a conventional transfer diode with a power MOS. In FIG. 5, a power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (卩 (^ Israel 03) 52) is substituted for the Schottky diode 12 in FIG. 1, and the external power supply 51 is in phase with the power source and the charging system 50. When connected, the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor 52 provides the current required to execute the system. Since the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor 52 and the linear charger 54 are on the same substrate, the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor 52 The linear charger 54 will generate heat loss to the charging system 50 at the same time. That is to say, the temperature rise of the charging system 50 is driven by two sources. In addition, the control circuit 55 must provide thermal limit protection to prevent linearity. The charger 54 draws excessive charging current, or avoids the error that the main system draws excessive current from the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor 52. In other portable electronic devices, 'when an external power supply provides power to the charging system, The system design requirements may be that the external power supply for the UZ1692 should be adjusted based on the output power of the II. For example, whether it is a battery or external power supply The power supply provides power to the mobile phone (ie, the main system 53). The maximum input voltage of the mobile phone circuit is 4 · 2 volts. When a conventional external power supply has a normal output voltage (such as ··· 5 volts) With a tolerance of ten percent, the external power supply may provide volts. Even with a Schottky diode 12, the voltage supplied to the main system will still exceed the specifications of the main system. Therefore, the Schottky diode 12 It must be replaced with a linear regulator to produce a 4 · 2 volt that meets the requirements of the main system 53. For a linear regulator, it is preferred to use a power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor as the transmission device. Figure 6 shows the comparison The best power charging device is to provide the main system 65 with higher priority than the charger to draw external power current, and it includes the overcurrent protection of the external power supply 61 and the overheating protection of the charging system 60. In Figure 6 The charging system 60 includes a current sensing circuit, an external power supply current control circuit, a temperature control circuit, a main system voltage control circuit, a rechargeable battery voltage control circuit, Closed circuit, charger current control circuit, linear charger 72, linear regulator 63, shutdown circuit 68, and temperature sensor 67. The linear charger 72 has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control input terminal. The sense resistor 62 receives an external power supply current, and its output terminal is connected to the rechargeable battery 76, and its control input terminal is used to control the charging current that passes through it and reaches the rechargeable battery 76. The linear regulator 63 has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control The input terminal, whose input terminal also receives the external power supply current through the sensing resistor 62, its 21 output terminal is connected to the main system 65, and its control input terminal controls most of the current passing through itself. The current sensing circuit includes current sensing The resistor 62 and the operational amplifier 73 are connected across the two ends of the current sensing resistor 62. In this embodiment, the current sensing resistance is 0.1 ohm, and the gain of the operational amplifier is 10. The external power supply current control circuit includes a comparator 7 丨. The non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 7 丨 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 73. The inverting input is connected to a first preset voltage source. The voltage is set to determine the maximum current allowed by the external power supply 61. If the motor sense ’, the resistance 62 is 0.1 ohm, then the first preset voltage is i volts, and the gain of the operational amplifier is 10, so that the total external power supply current is limited to 1 amp. The output terminal of the comparator 71 is connected to one of the input terminals of the shutdown circuit 68. For the charging system 60 to charge more motors (exceeding 1 amp) from the external power supply 6, the charging system 60 will be shut down. 68 closed. The temperature control circuit includes an operational amplifier 69 and an isolated diode 77. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 69 is connected to the output terminal of the temperature sensor 67, and the inverting input terminal thereof is connected to a voltage source representing a preset temperature. The positive terminal of the isolated diode 77 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 69, and the negative terminal thereof is connected to the control input terminal of the linear charger 72. If the preset temperature is set to 105. (^, The temperature of the charging system is 105. At C, the linear charger 72 adjusts the charging current. If the ambient temperature can be allowed to not exceed 65 C, the thermal resistance of the charging system 60 is 50. C / W , The temperature control circuit will limit the power loss of the charging system to 0.8 watts (40. C / 50. C / w). If the maximum voltage supplied to the rechargeable battery 76 or the main system 65 is 4 · 22 22 volts and external The maximum voltage provided by the power supply 61 is 5 volts, and the maximum external power supply current allowed by the temperature control circuit is 丨 amps (0.8 watts / 0 · 8 volts). The charging Is current control circuit includes an operational amplifier 74 and an isolation two The polar body 79 'yun # amplifier H74 positive phase input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 73, and its inverting input terminal is connected to a second preset voltage source, the second preset voltage is used to determine Adjust the maximum external power supply current of the linear charger 72. The positive terminal of the isolated diode 79 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier%, and its negative terminal is connected to the control input of the linear charger 72. If the second preset The voltage is 0.95 volts and the current sensing resistance is 0.1 ohms If the gain of the operation amplifier 73 is 10, when the external power supply current reaches 0.95 amps, the linear charger 72 will adjust its charging current. Since the second preset voltage is 0.95 volts, the charger current control circuit allows The maximum charging current is 0.95 amps. The temperature shutdown circuit includes a comparator 66, the non-inverting input of the comparator 66 is connected to the output of the temperature sensor 67, and its inverting input is connected to-representing the preset shutdown temperature. The voltage source is connected, and its output terminal is connected to the other input terminal of the shutdown circuit 68. If the preset shutdown temperature is 15 ° C., the charging system will reach 15 °. (^, The charging system will be shut down If the maximum allowable ambient temperature is 65 ° C and the thermal resistance of the package is 50 ° c / w, the maximum power allowed by the thermal shutdown circuit is 丨 · 7 watts (85 to 50 ° C / W) 〇 The main system voltage control circuit includes an operational amplifier 64. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 64 is connected to the voltage input terminal of the main system 65. The inverting input terminal is connected to the third preset voltage source, and the output terminal is connected to Control output of line 23 regulator The input terminal is connected. If the third preset voltage is 4 · 2 volts, the main system, and system voltage ㈣ circuit will limit the voltage input to the main system by the control limiter 63 to 4.2 volts. Rechargeable battery control circuit Including the operational amplifier 75 and the isolated diode 78, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 75 is connected to the rechargeable battery 76, its inverting input terminal is connected to the fourth preset voltage, and its output terminal is connected to the isolated diode. The positive terminal of the body 78 is connected, and the negative terminal of the isolated diode 78 is connected to the control input of the linear charger 72. If the fourth preset voltage is 4 · 2 volts, when the rechargeable battery 76 reaches 4 · 2 When the volts, the linear charger 72 will adjust its output voltage to 4.2 volts. ^ The rechargeable battery 76 is connected to the Schottky diode 70, and is used to supply voltage to the main system 65 through the Schottky diode 70. Current Limit As can be seen from the above description, the charger current control circuit limits its charging current to a maximum of 0.95 A-A and the external power supply current control circuit limits it ... the external power supply current is 1 · 0 A. Because the charger current control circuit and the external power supply current control circuit both use the same current sensing resistor 62, if the main system 65 requires 9.0 amps at full load, then 0.05 amps can be used for this battery charger 72 . If the main system 65 does not take only 0.01 amps (when the power is turned off or in sleep mode), then 0.94 amps can be used for the linear charger, because the total current provided by the external power supply 61 is limited to 0 95 ampere. However, if the main system 65 attempts to draw more current than 0.95 amps (perhaps due to an error in the main system 65), the circuit will immediately perform an action. First, when the 0.95 Amp limit is met or exceeded, the 1221692 appliance current control circuit turns off the linear charger 72 so that the external power supply current can meet the requirements of the main system 65. Then, if the current demand of the main system is still below 0.95 amps, the external power supply current control circuit will limit the external power supply current to 1 amp. If the power demand is equal to or higher than i amps, the external power supply current control circuit will When the charging system 60 is turned off, the charging system 60 enters the shutdown mode. Of course, the linear regulator 63 and the linear charger 72 are turned off at this time. This dual-level current limiting mechanism uses a single current sensing resistor 62 to properly turn off the linear regulator 63 or uses a power switch to provide power to the main system 65 when an over current situation occurs due to an error in the main system. Double temperature limit 缶 丨 As can be seen from the above description, when the temperature of the charging system 60 reaches 105. At c, the temperature control circuit adjusts the charging current of the linear charger 72. When the temperature of the charging system reaches ^ (rc, the thermal shutdown circuit turns off the charging system 60. Since the temperature sensor 67 is used by the temperature control circuit and the thermal shutdown circuit Therefore, whether the heat source is generated by the linear regulator 63 or the linear charger 72 or both, the operational amplifier 69 will regulate the charging current to maintain the temperature of these components in the charging system 60 at 105. Ci fixed temperature. The following table shows the relevant values of the operating parameters of the charging system 60 in six states (A to F).
25 主系綠雷痛 '^、--- 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 /JIL cfi* .'lit FinV ' ------- 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.90 0.25 0.25 兄览尾池電壓 3.00 4.20 4.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 兄電冤 >也電流-- 0.61 1.53 0.85 0.05 0.70 0.55 各JC f生υ周郎名 < 耗損 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.72 0.20 0.20 綠性充電器之輕U (實際） 1.22 1.22 0.68 0.10 1.40 1.10 線性充電器之耗損 (溫度限制） 1.22 1.22 1.22 0.58 1.10 1.10 充電器關閉一- 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 表大外4電源供應器 電流 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 最大封裝體~ 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 熱阻 ~~ 50 50 50 50 50 50 環境溫度 40 40 40 4Ό 40 40 最大操作溫度 105 105 105 105 105 105 在狀態A時’當外部電源供應器電壓為5.〇伏，若主 系統65操作於〇·1安培之閒置電流，則線性調節器63之功 率耗損為0.08瓦。假設此時環境溫度為4(rc，運算放大器 69增加充電電流而產生122瓦的功率耗損。若充電電池 電壓為3.0伏，則溫度控制電路允許〇.61安培電流流經 性充電器72，其中，在穩定狀態下，該〇61安培電流係 低於充電器電流控制電路所允許之〇. 85安培。 在狀態B時，若充電電池電壓為4.2伏，則溫度控制 電路允許1 · 53安培電流流經線性充電器72。由於該1. 53 安培電流係遠大於充電器電流控制電路所允許之〇· 85安 培，故充電電流將被限制為〇· 85安培。在此穩定狀態下， 充電器控制電路係在溫度控制電路動作前先執行一限制 電流動作，此即為狀態C。 在其他方面，若主系統65由5伏之外部電源供應器61 汲取0· 9安培電流，則線性調節器63耗費〇· 72瓦。當充電 電池電壓為3.0伏時，由於運算放大器74在該等狀態下調 節充電電流為0.05安培，則線性充電器72之熱損耗為〇 ι 瓦。在4(TC的環境溫度以及熱阻為5〇〇c/w時，溫度控制 電路所允許之最大耗損為h3瓦，該13瓦耗損係大於線 性充電器72與線性調節器63所耗損之〇.82瓦，故在此穩 定狀態下，溫度控制電路不做任何限制動作，此即為狀 態D 〇 、 糸統65汲取較小的電流時 ^ ^ j m流之一 大部分則將會被線性充電器72❹。例如：若主系統仍 沒取〇· 25安培電流，只要熱量限制不超過的情形下，剩 餘的0.7G安培電流用來對充電電池冗進行充電。若 Ϊ = = 3·°伏，線性充電器72產生過多熱量而造成溫 度控制電路限制其熱耗損，例如：在G.25安培與08伏 下，線性調節器63產生〇.2瓦，但線性充電㈣產生】4 的環境溫度下，溫度控制電路所允 权所有的攻大功率耗損為13 溫度控制電路變成減少充電電流為。.55二 1221692 而舉例而已，本發明 範圍所述為準，而非 上述實施例僅係為了方便說日月 所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利 僅限於上述實施例。 五、圖式簡單說明 圖1係習知充電系統示意圖。 圖2係充電電池之充電程序示意圖。 圖3係習知另一充電系統示意圖。 圖4係習知又一充電系統示意圖。 圖5係本發明一較佳實施例充電系統之第一示意圖 圖6係本發明一較佳實施例充電系統之第二示意圖 六、圖號說明 充電系統 !〇54〇5503 60 外部電源供應器 11,21,51, 61 蕭特基二極體 ^,17,23, 3〇,38,39， 70 主糸統 13,24,43, 53,65 充電器 14,27,42 充電控制器 15 充電電池 16,28,47,5 6,76 電流感測電阻 22,26,41， 62 運算放大器 25,3 1，33,34,37,45,46,48,49,64,69,73,74, 75 5 第二預設電壓源29 隔離二極體 32,35,36, 57,58,59, 77,78,79 1221692 溫度感測器 44,67 功率金屬氧化半 52 導體場效電晶體 線性充電器 54,72 控制電路 55 線性調節器 63 比較器 66,71 關閉電路 6825 Main line green thunder pain '^, --- 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 / JIL cfi * .'lit FinV' ------- 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.90 0.25 0.25 Brother tail pond voltage 3.00 4.20 4.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 Brother Electricity > also current-0.61 1.53 0.85 0.05 0.70 0.55 each JC f υ week name &consumption; loss 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.72 0.20 0.20 light green U charger (actual) 1.22 1.22 0.68 0.10 1.40 1.10 linear Charger depletion (temperature limit) 1.22 1.22 1.22 0.58 1.10 1.10 Charger off one-0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 Big and small 4 power supply current 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maximum package ~ 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 Thermal Resistance ~~ 50 50 50 50 50 50 Ambient temperature 40 40 40 4Ό 40 40 Maximum operating temperature 105 105 105 105 105 105 In state A 'when the external power supply voltage is 5.0 volts, if the main system 65 is operating at 〇 · With an idle current of 1 amp, the power loss of the linear regulator 63 is 0.08 watts. It is assumed that the ambient temperature at this time is 4 (rc, the operational amplifier 69 increases the charging current and generates a power consumption of 122 watts. If the voltage of the rechargeable battery is 3.0 volts, the temperature control circuit allows a current of 0.61 amps to flow through the charger 72, of which In a steady state, the 061 ampere current is lower than 0.885 amperes allowed by the charger current control circuit. In state B, if the voltage of the rechargeable battery is 4.2 volts, the temperature control circuit allows a current of 1.53 amperes Flows through the linear charger 72. Since the current of 1.53 amps is much larger than 0.85 amps allowed by the charger current control circuit, the charging current will be limited to 0.85 amps. In this steady state, the charger The control circuit executes a current limiting action before the temperature control circuit operates, which is the state C. In other respects, if the main system 65 draws a 0.9 amp current from a 5 volt external power supply 61, the linear regulator 63 consumes 0.72 watts. When the rechargeable battery voltage is 3.0 volts, since the operational amplifier 74 adjusts the charging current to 0.05 amps in these states, the heat loss of the linear charger 72 is 〇ιwatt. At 4 ° C ambient temperature and thermal resistance is 500c / w, the maximum loss allowed by the temperature control circuit is h3W, the 13W loss is greater than the linear charger 72 and linear regulator 63 Consumption of 0.82 watts, so in this stable state, the temperature control circuit does not perform any limiting action, this is the state D 0, when the system 65 draws a small current, most of the ^ jm current will be Will be charged by the linear charger 72. For example: if the main system still does not draw 0.25 Amp current, as long as the heat limit is not exceeded, the remaining 0.7 G Ampere current is used to charge the rechargeable battery redundantly. If Ϊ = = 3 ° volt, the linear charger 72 generates too much heat and causes the temperature control circuit to limit its heat loss. For example: at G. 25 amps and 08 volts, the linear regulator 63 generates 0.2 watts, but linear charging ㈣ produces] 4 At the ambient temperature, the temperature control circuit allows all the high power loss to be 13. The temperature control circuit becomes to reduce the charging current. .55-21221692 For example, the scope of the present invention shall prevail, and not the above embodiment only For convenience The scope of the rights claimed by Sun and Moon should be limited to the above-mentioned embodiments by applying for a patent. 5. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional charging system. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging procedure of a rechargeable battery. Figure 3 is another conventional one. Schematic diagram of the charging system. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional charging system. Figure 5 is a first schematic diagram of a charging system of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a second schematic diagram of a charging system of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. No. Description Charging system! 054〇5503 60 External power supply 11, 21, 51, 61 Schottky diode ^, 17, 23, 30, 38, 39, 70 Main system 13, 24, 43, 53,65 Charger 14,27,42 Charge controller 15 Rechargeable battery 16,28,47,5 6,76 Current sensing resistor 22,26,41, 62 Operational amplifier 25,3 1,33,34,37, 45, 46, 48, 49, 64, 69, 73, 74, 75 5 Second preset voltage source 29 Isolated diode 32, 35, 36, 57, 58, 59, 77, 78, 79 1221692 Temperature sensing Converter 44,67 Power metal oxide half 52 Conductor field effect transistor Linear charger 54, 72 Control circuit 55 Linear regulator 63 Comparator 66, 71 Close circuit 68
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