1221144 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於在隨著電梯故障的正規電源之停電時將 車廂內換氣之電梯。 【先前技術】 近年來，隨著建築物的高層化、電梯的高速化的同時 正被要求乘坐品質的舒適度。建築物的高度超越3 00 m的 情況，由於電梯升降中的氣壓變化使電梯內的乘客有感到 不舒適的情況。另外，當升降速度達到非常地高速化時’ 也有使乘客的聽覺機能蒙受生理性的影響之可能性。 於是，從極力減低如以上所述之影響的觀點’硏創一 種可對應車廂外部的氣壓而使車廂內部的氣壓改變之氣壓 控制裝置。 該電梯係如第8圖所示之，在車廂1的上部裝設有將 該車廂1內部加壓的供氣鼓風機2及將車廂1內部減壓的 排氣鼓風機3，例如從超高層建築物的最上層一口氣地往 最下層下降時，下降的前半段係驅動供氣鼓風機2而將車 廂1內加壓控制，且下降的後半段係驅動排氣鼓風機3而 將車廂1內減壓控制之構成。 換言之，在車廂1的急下降之時，車廂1外部的氣壓 如在第9圖中以虛線所顯示之改變’且在下降途中平均每 單位時間的氣壓變化量產生大的改變’且因爲使乘客的聽 覺機能蒙受生理性的影響大，所以爲了使車廂內部的乘客 -4 - (2) (2)1221144 之聽覺機能蒙受生理性的影響緩和，而控制驅動供氣鼓風 機2及排氣鼓風機3，且讓車廂1內部的氣壓如同圖實線 所示之平均每單位時間的氣壓變化量爲一定的方式。 於是，爲了使車廂1內的氣壓改變成最佳的狀態，有 必要提高車廂1內部的氣密性。 以往，作爲提高車廂1氣密性的技術，係考量接下的 兩種之氣密性保持技術。其中一種係以蒙蓋車廂1之廂室 與門板之間的交差部份的方式裝設有隔音板，而將廂室與 門板之間的間隙阻塞的技術（日本特公昭5 8 - 2 1 5 5號所揭 示），另一種係從車廂1的廂室至門板側形成曲狀，而裝 設有如密接於門板側的密接材之技術（日本特開平6-247675號所揭示）〇 然而，如以上的技術之中，任何一種的目的都是以將 車廂內外的空氣完全地遮蔽’沒有考慮到由於電梯的故障 而停止，讓乘客被關在裡面的狀態下電源停電。從平常所 使用之正規的電源讓電力供應至車廂內時，因爲藉由氣壓 控制用的鼓風機2、3的驅動而可供排氣，所以不會造成 車廂內氧氣不足。 但是，顧慮因應電梯的故障內容而亦可考量到正規的 電源停電的情況。在如此情況下，不可能控制驅動氣壓控 制用的鼓風機2、3，另外因爲電梯的車廂自身爲氣密性 高的構造，所以若造成不能讓車廂內換氣的話，而讓車廂 內的氧氣濃度降低，不僅使乘客蒙受不舒適感，亦可顧慮 到有損安全性之可能性。 -5- (3) (3)1221144 【發明內容】 本發明係有鑑於上述之情事而開發完成的，其目的爲 提供一種在隨著電梯的故障之正規電源停電時可實現車廂 內的換氣，可確保乘客的安全性之電梯。 根據本發明的電梯，係具備有：以保持氣密性的方式 所構成之車廂、及驅動上述車廂之主電流、及藉由從上述 主電源的電源控制上述車廂內部的氣壓之裝置、及在上述 主電源停電時作動，將上述車廂換氣的裝置。 【實施方式】 以下，參照圖面說明有關本發明之實施形態。 〔第1實施形態〕 第1圖係本發明之具備有換氣裝置的電梯之一實施形 態的車廂的立體圖。 於同圖之中1爲讓乘客搭乘而升降之車廂1，車廂1 係藉由：車廂地板4、設立於車廂地板4的側面板5、以 橫跨於側面板5上部的方式蓋上天花板6、朝車廂的正面 設立於門開口部份的兩側之入口柱7、裝設可滑動於該門 之開口部份的車廂門板8以及將車廂門板8上部與天花板 6之間的間隙堵塞的幕板9等所構成。車廂1係爲了實現 車廂內部的氣密控制，所以被以保持非常高的氣密性之方 式來組裝。 於乘廂1的上部係以上述之方式設置將該車廂1內加 -6 - (4) (4)1221144 壓的供氣鼓風機2及將該車廂1內減壓的排氣鼓風機3， 採用平常所使用之正規的電源之電力而控制驅動鼓風機2 、3，藉由改變車廂1內部的空氣量，而控制廂室內的氣 壓之構成。 並且，在車廂1的天花板6係至少設置有一個以上的 換氣部1 〇。 換氣部1 0係顯示如以第1圖的A·A箭號視角之剖面 所示的第2A圖、第2B圖，在天花板6之所需要地點例 如具備有形成呈方形狀之一個以上的換氣窗1 1 (開口） ，在天花板6上隔著換氣窗1 1裝設有換氣窗開閉裝置1 2 及鎖定裝置1 3。 換氣窗開閉裝置1 2係由：具有所需要之高度的支承 塊件12a、及將支承塊件12a作爲固定端而安裝可旋轉部 ，且裝設有卡合構件12b於與該支承塊件12a之反對側的 換氣窗板12 c、及藉由支柱12 g設置於換氣窗板12 c 的上部位置之導輪12 d、及垂吊於被固定支承在換氣窗 板12 c且吊掛橫越於導輪12 d的鋼索12 e之端部的重 錘12 ί所構成。 另一方面，鎖定裝置1 3係裝設有：電磁石1 3 a、及 自由進退地貫通於電磁石13a的栓臂13b、及在正規電源 供應時藉由電磁石13a的電磁力來讓栓臂13b前進而卡合 鎖定於上述換氣窗板1 2 c的卡合構件1 2b，在正規電源 停電時藉由自身的彈性力使栓臂1 3 b退後而解除鎖定的彈 性構件1 3 c。 (5) (5)1221144 而且，在換氣窗1 1之開口部份的框緣部份係爲了保 持天花板6與換氣窗板1 2b之間的氣密性，所以例如添加 裝設有氣密保持用氣封1 4。 在如此之換氣部1 0之中，在正規電源之供應時，如 第2A圖所示，藉由電磁石13a的電磁力來讓來讓栓臂 13b前進，而因爲卡合於安裝在換氣窗板12 c的卡合構 件1 2b，所以換氣窗板1 2 c在關閉換氣窗1 1的狀態下被 鎖定。此時，換氣窗板12 c係因爲按壓氣密保持用氣封 1 4的狀態下關閉，所以車廂內部係呈密閉狀態。 但是，由於電梯的故障而讓車廂1停止在升降通道內 ，當正規電源停電時，稼動電磁石1 3 a的電磁力消失，相 反地藉由彈性構件1 3 c的彈性力來讓栓臂1 3 b後退，栓 臂13b因爲從換氣窗板12 c的卡合構件12b脫離來讓鎖 定解除，所以藉由垂吊在吊掛橫越於導輪1 2 d的鋼索 12 e之重錘12 f的重量，換氣窗板12 c被拉起，換氣 窗1 1呈開啓的狀態，可進行車廂1內之換氣。 因此，根據以上之實施形態，由於電梯的故障而停止 的同時因停電導致乘客被關在車廂內時，接收其正規電源 的停電訊號來讓電磁石1 3 a的電磁力稼動消失，因爲彈性 構件13 c藉由其彈性力來讓栓臂13b從卡合構件12b脫 離來讓鎖定解除，所以讓換氣窗1 1開放且車廂內的空氣 係與外界空氣循環，而可設定成自然換氣的狀態。 因此，沒有讓乘客被關在車廂1內導致氧氣不足的情 事，進而可確保乘客的安心感乃至安全。並且，所開放的 -8- (6) (6)1221144 換氣窗1 1係讓出勤的保修員以手動的方式執行其每次的 關閉。 以下，根據本發明來說明電梯之其他實施形態。針對 其他的實施形態之說明與第1實施形態同一部份係附加同 一參照數字而省略其詳細的說明。 〔第2實施形態〕 第3圖係具備有本發明之換氣裝置的電梯之第2實施 形態之車廂的立體圖。 車廂1係由：與第1圖同樣的車廂地板4、側面板5 、天花板6、入口柱7、車廂門板8及幕板9等所構成， 以保持非常高的氣密性之方式來組合。另外，在車廂1上 部裝設有供氣鼓風機2、排氣鼓風機3，藉由改變車廂1 內的空氣量，而控制廂室內的氣壓之構成。 換氣部1 〇係在車廂門板8之關閉時以保持相互地上 下之關係而疊合的方式，被安裝在使兩車廂門板8彼此對 上的上部，在各個被疊合之面部上形成有長孔21 1 a、 21 h a之車廂門開範圍限制構件2 1 1 、21 h ;及可供應 所需要的電力之緊急時用電池電源裝置22 ;及裝設於電 池電源裝置22的輸出側，平時係根據由控制箱（未圖示 )之其他的正規電源等之電力而保持開狀態，在正規電源 停電時成爲閉狀態之開關（未圖示）；及讓開關成爲閉狀 態而接受從電池電源裝置22的電力時，由***止動銷於 形成在從兩車廂門板8側個別延伸的車廂門開範圍限制構 -9 - (7) (7)1221144 件21 1 、2 1 h前端部之被疊合的部份之長孔2 1 1 a、 2 1 h a的止動裝置2 3所構成。並且，車廂門開範圍限制 構件21 1 、2 1 h的長孔21 1 a、21 h a係藉由乘客的 徒手操作就能開啓之用來將車廂門板8的車廂門開範圍限 制之長度。換言之，長孔之長度係開啓車廂門板8時，可 與外部換氣，另一方面對車廂內的乘客而言意謂不會造成 危險狀態之程度的車廂門開範圍之長度。 另外，正規電源停電時，利用電池電源裝置22之出 力的一部份，還原成在平常的狀態中開閉車廂門板8之正 規電源，且也可在車廂門板8所限制的車廂門開範圍內不 需進行開操作而自動地開啓之構成。 因此，如以上之換氣裝置1 〇係電梯運轉時，雖然與 先前在沒有改變任何的狀態下運行，但是由於故障而電梯 停止，且一旦控制箱等之正規電源來的供電中止的話，就 會變成乘客被關在車廂內的狀態。 此時，當從正規電源的供電中止的話，連接在電池電 源裝置22的輸出線之開關成閉狀態，所以從電池電源裝 置22的電力被供應到止動裝置23。其結果，作動止動裝 置23，且因使止動銷23a前進，所以該止動銷23a係插 入於形成在兩個車廂門開範圍限制構件2 11、2 1 h的長孔 2 11a、2 lha。因此，在該停止階段或其後，乘客因氧氣不 足等而成不舒適的狀態時，一旦徒手執行將兩車廂門板8 撬開的開操作時，僅相當於車廂門開範圍限制構件2 11、 2 1 h的長孔2 1 la、2 1 ha之長度的長來讓兩車廂門板8開啓 -10- (8) (8)1221144 。車廂門板8之開啓量係沒有讓乘客摔落到升降通道的疑 慮，而且可足夠地確保廂室內的換氣，例如10〜15 cm爲 適宜。 第4圖係顯示止動裝置2 3作動，且車廂門板8僅被 限制於長孔2 1 1 a、2 1 ha之長度的長度量之開啓的狀態。 而且，如上述供電中止時，僅在預定的時間內將電池 電源裝置2 2的輸出之一部份還原成車廂門板8開閉時的 正規電源的話，也可將車廂門板8在車廂門開範圍內自動 地開啓。 因此，根據如以上之實施形態的話，即使乘客被關在 車廂1內的狀態，可人工或自動地將兩車廂門板8開啓， 進而可確實地將車廂內換氣，可確保乘客的安全性。 〔第3實施形態〕 第5圖係具備有作爲本發明之換氣裝置之電梯的第3 實施形態的車廂之立體圖。 車廂1係與第1圖同樣地由：車廂地板4、側面板5 、天花板6、入口柱7、車廂門板8及幕板9等所構成， 以保持非常高的氣密性之方式來組裝。另外，在車廂1上 部裝設有供氣鼓風機2、排氣鼓風機3，藉由改變車廂內 的空氣量，而控制廂室內的氣壓之構成。 換氣部1 〇係爲了控制氣壓有效地利用已被裝設的供 氣鼓風機2、排氣鼓風機3，且執行車廂1內的換氣之構 成。 -11 - (9) (9)1221144 具體而言，可供應所要的電力之緊急時用電池電源裝 置3 1、及裝設於電池電源裝置31的輸出側，平時係根據 從控制箱（未圖示）其他的正規電源等之電力而保持開狀 態，正規電源停電時爲閉狀態的開關（未圖示）、及在該 開關之閉狀態時藉由從電池電源裝置22在每一預定的時 間交替地運轉驅動供氣鼓風機2與排氣鼓風機3，將車廂 內的空氣供排氣，且進行廂室內的換氣。 因此，根據該電梯切換控制裝置的話，正規電源的供 電中止時，利用電池電源裝置3 1的輸出，且有效地利用 已被裝設的氣壓控制所使用之供氣鼓風機2、排氣鼓風機 3，且因將車廂內的空氣供排氣，所以即使乘客被關在車 廂內的狀態，也可確實地將車廂內換氣，可確保乘客之安 全性。 〔第4實施形態〕 第6圖係具備有本發明之切換控制裝置的電梯之第4 實施形態之車廂的立體圖。 車廂1係與第1圖同樣地由：車廂地板4、側面板5 、天花板6、入口柱7、車廂門板8及幕板9等所構成， 以保持非常高的氣密性之方式來組裝。另外，在車廂1上 部裝設有供氣鼓風機2、排氣鼓風機3，藉由改變車廂1 內的空氣量，而控制廂室內的氣壓之構成。 換氣部1 〇係具體地如第2 A、2B圖所示，在天花板6 所需要的地點例如具備形成有方形的換氣窗4 1 (開口） -12- (10) (10)1221144 ’且換氣窗4 1係從車廂內側依照預定的步驟藉由可開閉 的換氣窗板42以保持高氣密性的方式所阻塞。 另外’在車廂1的天花板6之所需要的地點係裝設有 緊急用電池電源裝置43、及裝設於電池電源裝置43的輸 出側’平時係根據從控制箱（未圖示）其他的正規電源等 之電力而保持開狀態，且在正規電源停電時爲閉狀態的開 關44、及記錄有顯示開啓換氣窗板42的步驟之訊息，且 透過開關44讓電池電源裝置43的電力供應的時候，成爲 再生模式，而將訊息資訊再生輸出的訊息再生裝置45、 及將從訊息再生裝置45所輸出的訊息資訊輸出聲音的放 音器46。放音器46係裝設於廂室內也可。 而且，在車廂1內係安裝有小燈泡等之停電燈，且利 用停電燈用電池電源的少許電力，在緊急時點亮停電燈之 構成。 因此，如以上的電梯切換控制裝置，係在電梯運轉時 ，雖然與先前在沒有改變任何的狀態下運行，由於故障而 電梯停止，且從控制箱等之正規電源來的供電中止的話， 就會變成乘客被關在車廂內的狀態。 此時，當從正規電源的供電中止的話，連接在電池電 源裝置43的輸出線之開關44成閉狀態，且從電池電源裝 置43的電力被供應到訊息再生裝置45。訊息再生裝置45 係已經從車廂內藉由預定的步驟記錄有開啓換氣窗板4 2 的訊息，所以當從電池電源裝置4 3接受電力的供應時’ 施行再生動作，且從放音器46將換氣窗板42之開啓的方 -13- (11) (11)1221144 法當做訊息重複播放。 乘客係依據該訊息內容從車廂1內以預定的步驟實施 開操作的話，可以容易地將換氣窗板4 2開啓。 因此，從正規電源供電中止時’自動地從放音器4 6 將換氣窗板4 2之開啓方法訊息輸出’所以被關在車廂內 的乘客係依照該訊息內容就可開操作的話’即可車廂內換 氣，進而可確保乘客的安全性。 〔第5實施形態〕 第7圖係具備有本發明之換氣裝置的電梯之第5實施 形態之車廂的立體圖。 車廂1係與第1圖同樣地由：車廂地板4、側面板5 、天花板6、入口柱7、車廂門板8及幕板9等所構成’ 以保持非常高的氣密性之方式來組裝。在車廂1上部裝設 有供氣鼓風機2、排氣鼓風機3，藉由改變車廂內的空氣 量，而控制廂室內的氣壓之構成。 換氣部1 〇係與第4實施形態同樣地裝設有電池電源 裝置4 3、開關4 4、訊息再生裝置4 5及放音器4 6之處相 同， 特別相異之處係在車廂1的天花板6以徒手強行按壓 之時就可破壞，例如裝設有鋁箔等之破壞膜5 1之處。然 後，在訊息再生裝置45係加上顯示開啓換氣窗板42的步 驟之訊息，且說明破壞膜5 1的存在，也記錄有說明不須 勉強地用徒手就容易地將破壞膜5 1破壞的破壞步驟。供 -14- (12) (12)1221144 電中止時，且自動地從電池電源裝置43接受電力的供應 時，實施再生動作’從放音器4 6將開啓換氣窗板4 2的步 驟及破壞膜5 1的破壞步驟當作訊息重複播放。乘客係依 照該訊息內容而從廂室內側以預定的步驟施行開操作的話 ，可將換氣窗板42容易地開啓。或者藉由以預定的步驟 按壓破壞膜5 1，可容易地破壞。 因此，供電中止時，自動地從放音器4 6讓換氣步驟 訊息輸出，所以被關在廂室內的乘客係依照該訊息內容而 將換氣窗板4 2開啓，或是藉由將破壞膜5 1破壞，即可確 實施行廂室內的換氣，進而可確保乘客之安全性。 根據本發明之上述實施形態的話，在電梯內以保持氣 密性的方式所構成之車廂裝設有自然換氣或強制換氣用的 換氣裝置，由於電梯之任何的異常讓上述車廂停止，且讓 平常使用之正規電源停電的時候，隨著上述正規電源之停 電而作動上述換氣手段，而將上述車廂內自然換氣或強制 換氣之構成。 藉由如此之構成，平時所使用的正規電源停電的時候 ，以接收有該正規電源之停電訊號爲條件作動換氣裝置之 方式的話，即使停電時仍可將車廂內自然換氣或強制換氣 ，可確保乘客的安全性。 而且，作爲上述換氣裝置係藉由裝設有形成在車廂天 花板的換氣窗、及阻塞該換氣窗的換氣窗板、及平時係以 阻塞上述換氣窗成氣密的方式鎖定上述換氣窗板，且在接 收有上述正規電源之停電訊號時解除該鎖定之鎖定裝置、 -15- (13) (13)1221144 及在一端固定上述換氣窗板的鋼索之另一端部垂下重錘， 解除上述鎖定時，藉由上述重錘的重量將上述換氣窗板開 啓的換氣窗開閉裝置；在正規電源停電時鎖定裝置的鎖定 會自動地脫離、及因藉由重錘的重量開啓換氣窗板，所以 可將車廂內自然換氣，而可確保乘客之安全性。 另外’換氣裝置係正規電源停電時將車廂門板在所需 要的車廂門開範圍以人工或自動地開啓之方式的話，可確 保車廂內之自然換氣及乘客的安全性。 並且’換氣手段係裝設有可供應所需要的電力之電池 裝置、及接收上述正規電源之停電訊號時，從上述電池電 源裝置交替供應電力到上述加壓裝置及減壓裝置，且將上 述車廂內部加壓及減壓之辦法的話，正規電源停電時，藉 由供應電池電源裝置的電力到既有之加壓裝置及減壓裝置 ，可將車廂內強制換氣，而可確保乘客的安全性。 根據本發明之.上述的實施形態的話，電梯係裝設有形 成於車廂天花板的換氣窗、及堵塞該換氣窗成氣密之換氣 窗板、及可供應所需要的電力之電池電源裝置、及記錄有 顯示從上述車廂內開啓換氣窗板的步驟之訊息，且平常係 切斷從上述電池電源裝置的電力，接收有上述正規電源的 停電訊號時，接受上述電池電源來的電力而作動，將上述 訊息再生且輸出聲音的再生裝置之構成。 該發明係藉由如以上之構成，在正規電源停電時自動 地對被關在車廂內的乘客以聲音告知換氣窗板的開啓方法 ，所以乘客可以容易地施行車廂內的換氣，進而可確保乘 -16- (14) (14)1221144 客的安全性。 另外，在車廂天花板形成有破壞膜，且對被關在車廂 內的乘客以聲音告知破壞膜的破壞方法、或在車廂的預定 地點存放氧氣供應裝置，且也在對被關在車廂內的乘客以 聲音告知該氧氣供應裝置的操作方法等的時候，可同樣地 確保乘客的安全性。 而且，本案發明係不限定於上述實施形態，不脫離其 要旨之範圍內可實施各種的變更。 例如在廂室預定的場所存放有氧氣液化氣瓶，供電中 止時，自動地藉由電池電源裝置4 3來的電力供應，將訊 息再生裝置45作動，藉由從放音器46將氧氣液化氣瓶的 存放地點或使用方法訊息輸出，且藉由乘客自身的操作， 以供應氧氣到廂室內的方式也可。 另外，由於故障從正規電源供電中止時，也可自動地 從放音器46藉由聲音將故障時的對應方法之訊息對乘客 通知。該聲音訊息之例係有「請按壓緊急按鈕（請使用緊 急電話）」、「已從遠端監視中心派遣保修員」、「請破 壞破壞膜」、「請使用氧氣液化氣瓶」等。 其他，各實施形態係只要可組合就可以實施，在該情 況可獲得藉由組合的效果。並且，在上述各實施形態包含 有各種的上位、下位階段的發明，藉由所揭示之多數個構 成要素之適宜的組合讓各種的發明抽出而得到。例如從用 來解決問題點的裝置所記載之全構成要件讓幾個構成要件 省略的情形下讓發明抽出的時候，在實施該被抽出之發明 -17- (15) (15)1221144 的時候讓省略部份以周所公知之慣用技術適宜補充。 〔產業上利用之可能性〕 根據如以上說明之本發明的話，即使電梯故障停止的 時候，也可提供可自動或人工地將廂室內換氣，且可確保 乘客的安全性。 【圖式簡單說明】 〔圖面之簡單說明〕 第1圖係具備有作爲本發明之一實施形態的換氣裝置 之電梯的車廂之立體圖。 第2A圖、第2B圖係顯示換氣裝置之一實施形態的 構成圖。 第3圖係具備有作爲本發明之另一實施形態的換氣裝 置之電梯的車廂之立體圖。 第4圖係顯示於第3圖所示之換氣裝置的構成圖。 第5圖係具備有作爲本發明之其他的實施形態的換氣 裝置之電梯的車廂之立體圖。 第6圖係具備有作爲本發明之另一其他的實施形態的 換氣裝置之電梯的車廂之立體圖。 第7圖係具備有作爲本發明之又另一其他的實施形態 的換氣裝置之電梯的車廂之立體圖。 第8圖係具備有氣壓控制系統之先前的電梯車廂之立 體圖。 -18- (16) (16)1221144 H 9 Η係顯示車廂下降時之車廂外部及於第8圖所示 之用氣壓控制系統進行氣壓控制之車廂內部的氣壓之變化 狀態圖。 【圖號說明】 1 :車廂 2 :加壓裝置（供氣鼓風機） 3 ·減壓裝置（排氣鼓風機） 4 :車廂地板 5 :側面板 6 :天花板 7 :入口柱 8 :車廂門板 9 :幕板 1 〇 :換氣部（換氣裝置） 1 1 :換氣窗 1 2 :換氣窗開閉裝置 1 2 a :支承塊件 12b :卡合構件 1 2 c、4 2 :換氣窗板 1 2d :導輪 1 2 e :鋼索 12f :重錘 1 2 g :支柱 -19- (17) (17)1221144 1 3 :鎖定裝置 1 3 a :電磁石 13b :栓臂 1 3 c :彈性構件 1 4 :氣密保持用氣封1221144 (1) 发明. Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to an elevator that ventilates the inside of a car when a power failure occurs due to a failure of a regular power supply. [Prior Art] In recent years, with the increase in the height of a building and the increase in the speed of an elevator, the comfort of riding quality is required. When the height of the building exceeds 300 m, the passengers in the elevator may feel uncomfortable due to the change in air pressure during the elevator's lifting. In addition, when the lifting speed reaches a very high speed, there is a possibility that the auditory function of the passenger may be affected physiologically. Therefore, from the viewpoint of minimizing the influence as described above, a pressure control device capable of changing the air pressure inside the car in response to the air pressure outside the car is created. As shown in FIG. 8, the elevator is provided with an air supply blower 2 for pressurizing the inside of the car 1 and an exhaust blower 3 for decompressing the inside of the car 1 on the upper part of the car 1, for example, from a high-rise building When the uppermost layer of the vehicle descends to the lowermost layer at a stretch, the first half of the lowering is driven by the air supply blower 2 to control the pressure in the compartment 1, and the second half of the lowering is driven by the exhaust blower 3 to reduce the pressure in the compartment 1. Of the composition. In other words, at the time of the sudden drop of the carriage 1, the air pressure outside the carriage 1 changes as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 9 'and a large change in the average pressure change per unit time during the descent occurs' and because the passenger The physiological function of the auditory function is greatly affected, so in order to alleviate the physiological function of the passenger--(2) (2) 1221144, the control of the air supply blower 2 and the exhaust blower 3 is controlled. In addition, an average pressure change amount per unit time of the air pressure inside the vehicle compartment 1 as shown by a solid line in the figure is a certain method. Therefore, in order to change the air pressure in the compartment 1 to an optimal state, it is necessary to improve the airtightness inside the compartment 1. In the past, as a technology for improving the airtightness of the carriage 1, two types of airtightness maintaining technologies have been considered. One of them is a technology in which a sound insulation panel is installed so as to cover the intersection between the compartment of the compartment 1 and the door panel, and the gap between the compartment and the door panel is blocked (Japanese Patent Publication No. 5 8-2 1 5 (Disclosed in No. 5), the other is a technology that forms a curved shape from the compartment of the compartment 1 to the door panel side, and is equipped with a technology such as a close-contact material that is in close contact with the door panel side (disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-247675). Among the above technologies, the purpose of any of them is to completely shield the air inside and outside the car 'without taking into account the stoppage due to the failure of the elevator, so that the power is cut off when the passengers are kept inside. When power is supplied to the cabin from a regular power supply that is normally used, it is exhausted by the blowers 2 and 3 driven by air pressure control, so there is no shortage of oxygen in the cabin. However, it is possible to consider the case of a regular power outage due to the failure of the elevator. In this case, it is impossible to control the blowers 2 and 3 for driving the air pressure control. In addition, because the cabin of the elevator has a high airtight structure, if it is impossible to ventilate the cabin, the oxygen concentration in the cabin will be allowed. The reduction not only exposes passengers to discomfort, but also concerns the possibility of compromising safety. -5- (3) (3) 1221144 [Summary of the invention] The present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a ventilation in the car compartment when the regular power supply fails when the elevator fails. An elevator that can ensure the safety of passengers. An elevator according to the present invention includes a car configured to maintain airtightness, a main current driving the car, and a device for controlling the air pressure inside the car by a power source from the main power source, and A device that operates when the main power source is powered off to ventilate the cabin. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. [First Embodiment] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cabin of an embodiment of an elevator provided with a ventilation device according to the present invention. In the same figure, the carriage 1 is lifted for passengers to ride on. The carriage 1 is composed of a carriage floor 4, a side panel 5 established on the carriage floor 4, and a ceiling 6 covered across the upper side of the side panel 5. The entrance pillars 7, which are set on both sides of the door opening toward the front of the compartment, are provided with a door panel 8 for the carriage that can slide on the opening of the door, and a curtain that blocks the gap between the upper portion of the door panel 8 and the ceiling 6. Plate 9 and the like. The carriage 1 is assembled to maintain a very high air-tightness in order to achieve air-tight control inside the carriage. On the upper part of the passenger compartment 1, the air supply blower 2 with a pressure of -6-(4) (4) 1221144 in the compartment 1 and the exhaust blower 3 with a reduced pressure in the compartment 1 are provided in the manner described above. The blowers 2 and 3 are controlled and driven by the electric power of the regular power source used, and the air pressure in the cabin is controlled by changing the amount of air inside the cabin 1. In addition, at least one ventilation unit 10 is provided on the ceiling 6 of the cabin 1. The ventilation unit 10 is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B as shown in the cross section of the arrow AA in FIG. 1. The required place of the ceiling 6 includes, for example, one or more square shapes. The ventilating window 11 (opening) is provided on the ceiling 6 with the ventilating window opening and closing device 12 and the locking device 13 interposed therebetween. The ventilator opening and closing device 12 is composed of a support block 12a having a required height, a rotatable part with the support block 12a as a fixed end, and an engagement member 12b is provided to the support block. The ventilation window panel 12 c on the opposite side to 12 a, and the guide wheel 12 d provided at the upper position of the ventilation window panel 12 c by the pillar 12 g, and suspended from the ventilation window panel 12 c fixedly supported, and It is constituted by a weight 12 hanging from the end of a steel cable 12 e crossing the guide wheel 12 d. On the other hand, the locking device 13 is equipped with a magnet 13a, a bolt arm 13b penetrating through the magnet 13a freely advancing and retreating, and a bolt arm 13b being advanced by the electromagnetic force of the magnet 13a during regular power supply And the engaging member 12b that is locked and locked on the ventilating window panel 12c, when the regular power supply fails, the elastic member 13c that retracts the bolt arm 1 3b by its own elastic force and releases the lock. (5) (5) 1221144 In addition, the frame edge portion of the opening portion of the ventilation window 11 is to maintain the airtightness between the ceiling 6 and the ventilation window panel 12b, so for example, an air conditioner is added and installed.密 留用 气 封 1 4． In such a ventilation unit 10, when the regular power supply is provided, as shown in FIG. 2A, the bolt arm 13b is advanced by the electromagnetic force of the magnet 13a, because it is engaged with the ventilation unit Since the engaging member 1 2b of the window panel 12c is locked, the ventilation window panel 12c is locked in a state where the ventilation window 11 is closed. At this time, the ventilation window panel 12c is closed in a state where the airtight holding air seal 14 is pressed, so the interior of the vehicle compartment is closed. However, due to the failure of the elevator, the carriage 1 is stopped in the hoistway. When the regular power supply is cut off, the electromagnetic force of the moving magnet 1 3 a disappears. On the contrary, the bolt arm 1 3 is elasticized by the elastic force of the elastic member 1 3 c. b is retracted, and the bolt arm 13b is released from the engaging member 12b of the ventilation window panel 12c to release the lock. Therefore, the weight 12f is suspended by hanging the steel cable 12e across the guide wheel 12d. The weight of the ventilation window panel 12 c is pulled up, the ventilation window 11 is in an open state, and ventilation in the compartment 1 can be performed. Therefore, according to the above embodiment, when the passenger is locked in the car due to a power failure while the elevator is stopped due to a power failure, the power failure signal of the regular power supply is received to make the electromagnetic force of the magnet 1 3 a disappear, because the elastic member 13 c The bolt arm 13b is disengaged from the engaging member 12b by its elastic force to release the lock. Therefore, the ventilation window 11 is opened and the air in the cabin is circulated with the outside air, and can be set to a natural ventilation state. . Therefore, there is no case where the passenger is trapped in the compartment 1 causing oxygen deficiency, thereby ensuring the passenger's peace of mind and even safety. In addition, the opened -8- (6) (6) 1221144 ventilating window 1 1 series allows the attending warranty staff to manually perform each closing thereof. Hereinafter, other embodiments of the elevator will be described based on the present invention. The description of the other embodiments is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals are assigned to the same parts, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted. [Second Embodiment] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a car of a second embodiment of an elevator provided with the ventilation device of the present invention. The carriage 1 is composed of a carriage floor 4, a side panel 5, a ceiling 6, an entrance pillar 7, a carriage door panel 8 and a curtain panel 9 which are the same as those in the first figure, and are combined to maintain a very high air tightness. In addition, an air supply blower 2 and an exhaust blower 3 are installed on the upper part of the compartment 1, and the air pressure in the compartment is controlled by changing the amount of air in the compartment 1. The ventilation unit 10 is installed on the upper part of the two door panels 8 facing each other when the door panels 8 are closed to overlap each other, and is formed on each of the overlapped faces. Long openings 21 1 a, 21 ha for the compartment door opening range restriction members 2 1 1, 21 h; and an emergency battery power supply device 22 that can supply the required power; and installed on the output side of the battery power supply device 22, Normally, a switch (not shown) that is kept open according to power from other regular power sources such as a control box (not shown), and is closed when the regular power supply is powered off (not shown); and the switch is turned off to receive battery power. When the power source device 22 is powered, a stopper pin is inserted to form a door opening range restriction mechanism that extends individually from the side of the two door panels 8-9-(7) (7) 1221144 pieces 21 1, 2 1 h The superimposed part is formed by the stopper 2 3 of the long holes 2 1 a, 2 1 ha. Further, the long holes 21 1 a and 21 h a of the door opening range limiting members 21 1 and 21 h are lengths that can be opened by a passenger's free hand operation to limit the door opening range of the car door panel 8. In other words, the length of the long hole is the length of the opening range of the door of the compartment which can be ventilated with the outside when the compartment door panel 8 is opened. In addition, when the regular power supply fails, a part of the output of the battery power supply device 22 is used to restore the normal power supply for opening and closing the car door panel 8 in the normal state, and it can also be within the car door opening range restricted by the car door panel 8. A structure that needs to be opened and automatically opened. Therefore, when the ventilation device 10 of the above elevator is running, although it is running without any change from the previous one, the elevator stops due to a failure, and once the power supply from the regular power source such as the control box is suspended, it will The passenger is locked in the compartment. At this time, when the power supply from the regular power supply is stopped, the switch connected to the output line of the battery power supply device 22 is closed, so the power from the battery power supply device 22 is supplied to the stop device 23. As a result, the stopper 23 is actuated and the stopper pin 23a is advanced, so that the stopper pin 23a is inserted into the long holes 2 11a, 2 lha formed in the two compartment door opening range restriction members 2 11, 2 1 h. Therefore, during or after this stop phase, when the passenger is uncomfortable due to lack of oxygen, etc., once the open operation of prying open the two compartment door panels 8 with bare hands is only equivalent to the compartment door opening range limiting member 2 11, The 2 1 h long holes 2 1 la and 2 1 ha are long to open the two compartment door panels 8-10 (8) (8) 1221144. The opening amount of the door panel 8 of the compartment does not cause the passenger to fall into the hoistway, and can sufficiently ensure ventilation in the compartment, for example, 10 to 15 cm is suitable. Fig. 4 shows a state in which the stopper device 23 is actuated, and the door panel 8 of the compartment is restricted to the length of the long holes 2 1 a and 2 1 ha in an opened state. In addition, if the power supply is stopped, only a part of the output of the battery power supply device 22 is restored to the regular power supply when the door panel 8 is opened and closed, the door panel 8 may be within the door opening range. Turn on automatically. Therefore, according to the above embodiment, even if the passenger is locked in the compartment 1, the door panels 8 of the two compartments can be opened manually or automatically, and the interior of the compartment can be reliably ventilated to ensure the safety of the passengers. [Third Embodiment] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a carriage of a third embodiment provided with an elevator as a ventilator of the present invention. Compartment 1 is composed of compartment floor 4, side panel 5, ceiling 6, entrance pillar 7, compartment door panel 8 and curtain panel 9 and the like, as shown in FIG. 1, and is assembled to maintain very high air tightness. In addition, an air supply blower 2 and an exhaust blower 3 are installed on the upper part of the compartment 1, and the air pressure in the compartment is controlled by changing the amount of air in the compartment. The ventilation unit 10 is configured to effectively use the installed air blower 2 and exhaust blower 3 to control the air pressure, and perform ventilation in the cabin 1. -11-(9) (9) 1221144 Specifically, the battery power supply device 31 for emergency use, which can supply the required power, and the output side of the battery power supply device 31, are usually based on the slave control box (not shown) (Shown) The power of other regular power sources and the like is kept on, and a switch (not shown) that is closed when the regular power is off, and when the switch is off, the battery power supply device 22 is used at every predetermined time. The air supply blower 2 and the exhaust blower 3 are driven alternately to supply and exhaust air in the cabin, and perform ventilation in the cabin. Therefore, according to the elevator switching control device, when the power supply of the regular power supply is suspended, the output of the battery power supply device 31 is used, and the air supply blower 2 and the exhaust blower 3 used for the installed air pressure control are effectively used. In addition, since the air in the passenger compartment is supplied and exhausted, even if the passenger is locked in the passenger compartment, the passenger compartment can be surely ventilated to ensure the safety of the passenger. [Fourth Embodiment] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a carriage of a fourth embodiment of an elevator provided with the switching control device of the present invention. Compartment 1 is composed of compartment floor 4, side panel 5, ceiling 6, entrance pillar 7, compartment door panel 8 and curtain panel 9 and the like, as shown in FIG. 1, and is assembled to maintain very high air tightness. In addition, an air supply blower 2 and an exhaust blower 3 are installed on the upper part of the compartment 1, and the air pressure in the compartment is controlled by changing the amount of air in the compartment 1. The ventilation unit 10 is specifically shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. For example, a square-shaped ventilation window 4 1 (opening) -12- (10) (10) 1221144 is provided at a place required for the ceiling 6. Moreover, the ventilating window 41 is blocked from the inside of the vehicle compartment in accordance with a predetermined procedure by an openable and closable ventilating plate 42 to maintain high air tightness. In addition, 'the emergency battery power supply device 43 and the output side of the battery power supply device 43 are installed at the required place of the ceiling 6 of the compartment 1' according to other regulations from the control box (not shown). The switch 44 that keeps the power on such as the power supply, and is closed when the regular power supply is off, and records the message showing the steps for opening the ventilating window panel 42 and allows the power supply of the battery power supply 43 through the switch 44 In this case, it is in a reproduction mode, and a message reproduction device 45 that reproduces and outputs the message information, and a speaker 46 that outputs sound from the message information output from the message reproduction device 45. The speaker 46 may be installed in the cabin. Further, a blackout light, such as a small light bulb, is installed in the compartment 1 and a little power from the battery power for the blackout light is used to light up the blackout light in an emergency. Therefore, if the above elevator switching control device is running during the elevator, although it is running in the same state as before, if the elevator stops due to a failure, and the power supply from the regular power source such as the control box is suspended, it will The passenger is locked in the compartment. At this time, when the power supply from the regular power supply is stopped, the switch 44 connected to the output line of the battery power supply device 43 is closed, and the power from the battery power supply device 43 is supplied to the information reproduction device 45. The message regeneration device 45 has already recorded the message of opening the ventilation window panel 4 2 from the compartment through a predetermined procedure. Therefore, when receiving the power supply from the battery power source device 4 3 ', the regeneration operation is performed, and The method of opening the ventilation window 42-13-(11) (11) 1221144 method is repeated as a message. The passenger can easily open the ventilation window panel 4 2 if the passenger performs the opening operation from the compartment 1 in a predetermined step based on the content of the message. Therefore, when the power supply is interrupted from the regular power supply, the message “the opening method of the ventilating plate 4 2 is automatically output from the loudspeaker 4 6”. Therefore, if the passenger in the compartment is opened according to the content of the message, that is, Air can be ventilated in the cabin to ensure passenger safety. [Fifth Embodiment] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a carriage of a fifth embodiment of an elevator provided with the ventilation device of the present invention. Compartment 1 is composed of compartment floor 4, side panel 5, ceiling 6, entrance pillar 7, compartment door panel 8 and curtain panel 9 'as shown in FIG. 1 to assemble it so as to maintain very high air tightness. An air supply blower 2 and an exhaust blower 3 are installed on the upper part of the compartment 1, and the air pressure in the compartment is controlled by changing the amount of air in the compartment. The ventilation unit 10 is the same as that in the fourth embodiment and is provided with a battery power supply device 4 3, a switch 4 4, a message reproduction device 45, and a sound generator 46. The difference is particularly in the compartment 1. The ceiling 6 can be broken by forcibly pressing it with bare hands, for example, a damage film 51 where aluminum foil or the like is installed. Then, a message showing the steps for opening the ventilation window panel 42 is added to the message reproduction device 45, and the existence of the destruction film 51 is described, and a description is also recorded that the destruction film 51 can be easily destroyed without barely using bare hands. Steps of destruction. -14- (12) (12) 1221144 When the power is interrupted and the power supply is automatically received from the battery power supply device 43, the regeneration operation is performed. The steps from the sound generator 4 6 will open the ventilation window 4 2 and The destruction step of the destruction film 51 is repeatedly played as a message. The passenger can open the ventilation window panel 42 easily if the passenger performs the opening operation from the inside of the compartment in a predetermined procedure according to the content of the message. Alternatively, it can be easily broken by pressing the breaking film 51 in a predetermined step. Therefore, when the power supply is stopped, the ventilation step message is automatically output from the speaker 46, so the passenger in the compartment will open the ventilation window panel 4 2 according to the content of the message, or will destroy it. If the membrane 51 is damaged, ventilation in the passenger compartment can be surely implemented, thereby ensuring passenger safety. According to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, a car configured to maintain airtightness in an elevator is equipped with a ventilation device for natural ventilation or forced ventilation, and the above-mentioned vehicle is stopped due to any abnormality of the elevator. When the regular power supply that is normally used is powered off, the ventilation means is activated in accordance with the power failure of the regular power supply to naturally or forcibly ventilate the inside of the cabin. With such a structure, when the regular power supply used in normal times is powered off, the ventilation device is operated on the condition that it receives the power outage signal of the regular power supply, even if there is a power failure, the cabin can be naturally or forcedly ventilated. To ensure passenger safety. In addition, as the ventilation device, a ventilation window formed on a cabin ceiling, a ventilation window panel blocking the ventilation window, and the ventilation mechanism are usually locked to block the ventilation window. The ventilating window panel, and the other end of the cable that fixes the ventilating window panel at one end is suspended when the lockout device that releases the lock when receiving the power outage signal of the above-mentioned regular power source is suspended. Hammer, when the lock is released, the ventilating window opening and closing device that opens the ventilating plate by the weight of the heavy hammer; the lock of the locking device will be automatically disengaged when the regular power fails, and due to the weight of the heavy hammer Open the ventilation window panel, so you can naturally ventilate the cabin and ensure the safety of passengers. In addition, the 'ventilation device' is to manually or automatically open the compartment door panel in the required compartment door opening range when the regular power supply is cut off to ensure natural ventilation in the compartment and passenger safety. In addition, the 'ventilation means is provided with a battery device capable of supplying the required power, and alternately supplying power from the battery power device to the pressurizing device and the pressure reducing device when receiving a power outage signal from the regular power supply, and the In the case of pressurizing and decompressing the interior of the cabin, when the regular power supply fails, by supplying the power from the battery power supply device to the existing pressurization and decompression devices, the cabin can be forcedly ventilated to ensure the safety of passengers. Sex. According to the present invention, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the elevator is provided with a ventilation window formed on the cabin ceiling, a ventilation window panel that blocks the ventilation window to be airtight, and a battery power supply that can supply the required power The device and the message that records the steps for opening the ventilating window panel from the compartment are usually recorded, and the power is usually cut off from the battery power supply device, and when the blackout signal of the regular power supply is received, the power from the battery power supply is accepted A configuration of a playback device that operates to reproduce the above information and output audio. The invention is structured as described above. When a regular power supply fails, the passenger in the compartment is automatically notified of the opening method of the ventilation window by a voice. Therefore, the passenger can easily perform ventilation in the compartment, and thus can perform ventilation in the compartment. Ensure the safety of passengers -16- (14) (14) 1221144. In addition, a damage film is formed on the cabin ceiling, and the passengers in the cabin are informed of the damage method of the damage film by sound, or the oxygen supply device is stored at a predetermined place in the cabin, and the passengers in the cabin are also being protected. When the operation method of the oxygen supply device is notified by voice, the safety of passengers can be similarly ensured. The invention of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the gist. For example, an oxygen liquefied gas cylinder is stored in a predetermined place in the compartment. When the power supply is interrupted, the information regeneration device 45 is automatically operated by the power supply from the battery power device 43, and the oxygen liquefied gas is emitted from the sound generator 46. The storage location or usage method of the bottle is output, and the passenger's own operation may be used to supply oxygen to the cabin. In addition, when the power supply is interrupted from the regular power supply due to a failure, the passenger 46 can be automatically notified of the corresponding method at the time of the failure from the sound generator 46 by voice. Examples of such audio messages are "please press the emergency button (please use an emergency phone)", "the warranty has been dispatched from a remote monitoring center", "please break the damage membrane", "please use an oxygen gas cylinder", etc. In addition, each embodiment can be implemented as long as it can be combined, and in this case, the effect of the combination can be obtained. In addition, each of the above-mentioned embodiments includes various inventions in the upper and lower stages, and is obtained by extracting various inventions by an appropriate combination of the plurality of disclosed constituent elements. For example, when the invention is extracted from the case where all the constitutional elements recorded in the device used to solve the problem are omitted, and the extracted invention is implemented -17- (15) (15) 1221144, The omitted part is appropriately supplemented by conventional techniques known by Zhou. [Possibility of Industrial Utilization] According to the present invention as described above, even when the elevator is stopped due to a malfunction, it is possible to provide automatic or manual ventilation of the compartment and ensure the safety of passengers. [Brief description of the drawings] [Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a car with an elevator equipped with a ventilator as an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 2A and 2B are structural diagrams showing one embodiment of the ventilation device. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a cabin provided with an elevator as a ventilator according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the ventilation device shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a cabin of an elevator provided with a ventilator as another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a cabin of an elevator provided with a ventilator as another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a cabin of an elevator provided with a ventilator as still another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a conventional elevator car equipped with a pressure control system. -18- (16) (16) 1221144 H 9 Η It is a state diagram showing the changes in air pressure outside the car when the car is lowering and inside the car where air pressure is controlled by the air pressure control system shown in Figure 8. [Illustration of drawing number] 1: Cabin 2: Pressurization device (air supply blower) 3 · Decompression device (exhaust blower) 4: Compartment floor 5: Side panel 6: Ceiling 7: Entrance pillar 8: Compartment door panel 9: Curtain Plate 1 〇: Ventilation unit (ventilator) 1 1: Ventilation window 1 2: Ventilation window opening and closing device 1 2 a: Support block 12b: Engaging member 1 2 c, 4 2: Ventilation window plate 1 2d: guide wheel 1 2 e: steel cable 12f: weight 1 2 g: pillar-19- (17) (17) 1221144 1 3: locking device 1 3 a: magnet 13b: bolt arm 1 3 c: elastic member 1 4 : Hermetically Sealed
2 1 1、2 1 h :車廂門開範圍限制構件 211a、21ha:長孑L 22、31、43:電池電源裝置 23 :止動裝置 2 3 a :止動銷 44 :開關 45 :訊息再生裝置 46 :放音器 5 1 :破壞膜 -20-2 1 1, 2 1 h: Door opening range restriction members 211a, 21ha: Nagato L 22, 31, 43: Battery power supply device 23: Stopper 2 3a: Stopper pin 44: Switch 45: Message regeneration device 46 : Speaker 5 1: Destruction film -20-