TW593856B

TW593856B - End cap

Info

Publication number: TW593856B
Application number: TW92126223A
Authority: TW
Inventors: Chun-Hsi Huang
Original assignee: Chuang Su Lan
Priority date: 2003-09-22
Filing date: 2003-09-22
Publication date: 2004-06-21

Abstract

An end cap includes an upper combining member, an upright surface member and a lower member formed as a rectangular box shape with the upper combing member and the lower member located in parallel and an opening formed between the lower ends of the upper and lower member. Then the end cap covers an upper end of a roof consisting of an upper heat-insulating steel plate and a lower steel plate. The upper heat-insulating steel plate is positioned sloped, having an upright protruding member and a flat surface member formed in its end portion. The upper combining member of the end cap has a projection member and a flat surface member to correspond to the counterparts of the upper heat-insulating steel plate. Then when the end cap is covered around the end of the roof, the upper combining member of the end cap fits closely on the upper heat-insulating steel plate, with the lower member of the end cap combined with the lower steel plate of the roof with a preset gap for water to quickly flowing down so as to prevent the upper heat-insulating steel plate from eroding.

Description

593856 五、發明說明發明所本發之首止被之創前技目前頂鋼板公告第 6 3 8 8 ^ 4 唯上途，因此板與屋簷緊密貼合易造成鋼 — 又者隔熱鋼才反之動作，材易遭欵蝕，造成、故而流通。其上折逢1 鋼板以防結構、先屋有4 6 (1) 屬之技術領明係為隔熱、末端，以覆蓋之隔熱新。術】之隔熱鋼板末端皆會以3 3 7 8 1 6 2、4 7 9 4 9 5 0 述各習知案各習知案皆瓦間呈緊密 ’致使兩者板鏽蝕，鋼 ’針對目前 t末端大部 Μ隔熱鋼板鳥類π豕食破 I簷損壞等於此之前乃中第一圖所 0 ’側包覆域】鋼板專防止鳥鋼板被用端蓋，尤指類啄食破壞，水份鏽蝕之隔一種可保護隔熱且具有易排水，熱鋼板屋屬端笔 ^ -ITT^ 5 為提屋簷瓦〇、3 6 3 5 、5 4 皆係針係配合結合。夾含之板不而才以良型分皆為之發泡壞，及問題D 有如圖示為苐邊1 ] 昇建築做收尾 6 14 5、4 5 4 9 對琉璃琉璃瓦然此種水份不久。隔熱鋼以任何材皆呈經破壞物美感之動作9 9、8 4 6 7號等瓦型鋼型鋼板結合方易流出板建築修飾材顯露狀之鋼板，於施工完成之，故而於此之前3 9 7 0 9 4 %4 1、4 8 8 4 案。板末端之收合用之形狀’以使鋼式，乃使兩者呈及散發，水份極而成之鋼板屋，或進行收尾封口態，顯露之發泡末端會快速鏽一種習知端蓋及下折邊1 2 之三種習知端蓋於 1 ，此踹蓋1設，此側包覆邊1 593856 五、發明說明（2) 1之高度係與鋼板A之突出部A 〇等高，而比平面部A 1 高甚多，及下折邊1 2則向下延伸至第一 C型鋼B之處，以利用該C型鋼B固定之，如此將使側包覆邊1 1與平面部A 1間形成開放空間A 2 ，此開放空間A 2將使雨水經593856 V. Description of the invention The invention of the first and the first creation of the current technology of the current top steel plate announcement No. 6 3 8 8 ^ 4 only way forward, so the close adhesion of the plate and the eaves is likely to cause steel-the other is the thermal insulation steel The material is easily eroded and caused to circulate. On top of it, 1 steel plate is used to prevent the structure, and the first house has 4 6 (1) genus of technical know-how, which is insulated, and the end is covered with new insulation. The end of the thermal insulation steel plate will be 3 3 7 8 1 6 2, 4 7 9 4 9 5 0 and each of the known cases will be closely spaced between the tiles 'causing the two plates to rust, steel' Most of the end of the end of the M heat-insulated steel plate is damaged. The damage to the eaves is equal to that of the previous figure, which is the 0 'side cladding area.] The steel plate is used to prevent the bird ’s steel plate from being damaged by end caps, especially pecking. One piece of rust can protect the heat insulation and has easy drainage. The hot-steel house belongs to the end pen ^ -ITT ^ 5 is the roof eaves. 0, 3 6 3 5 and 5 4 are all needle systems. The included board is not only good-shaped, but it is foaming bad, and problem D is as shown in the figure. 1] The building is finished. 6 14 5, 4 5 4 9 This kind of water is not long on the glazed glazed tile. . Insulation steel uses any material to show the beauty of the damaged object. 9 9、8 4 6 7 and other tile-shaped steel profile steel plates combined with the easy-to-flow out of the building construction materials exposed steel plate, completed during construction, so before this 3 9 7 0 9 4% 4 1, 4 8 8 4 cases. The shape of the end of the plate is used to make the steel type, so that the two are presented and radiated, and the steel plate is made of water, or the end is sealed. The exposed foamed end will quickly rust a conventional end cap and The three conventional end covers of the lower hem 1 2 are at 1. This cover 1 is provided, and this side covers the edge 1 593856. 5. Description of the invention (2) The height of 1 is the same as the protrusion A of the steel plate A, and It is much higher than the flat section A 1, and the lower folded edge 12 is extended downward to the first C-shaped steel B to be fixed by the C-shaped steel B, so that the side cladding edge 1 1 and the flat section A An open space A 2 is formed, and this open space A 2 will allow rain to pass through

由此處滲入，致使隔熱鋼板A之下表面A 3與下折邊1 2 之夾合空間包覆大量的水份，無法排出，而積存之水份易 -造成鋼板之快速鏽蝕。及如第二圖所示為第二種習知端蓋1 A，此端蓋1 A 與第一圖之結構相當，唯兩者之差異在於第二圖之下折邊 1 2較短，但其缺點與前述第一圖之第一種習知者亦相Infiltration from here causes the sandwiching space between the lower surface A 3 and the lower hem 12 of the heat-insulated steel plate A to cover a large amount of water, which cannot be discharged, and the accumulated water is easy to cause-causing rapid corrosion of the steel plate. And as shown in the second picture, the second conventional end cap 1 A is the same as the structure of the first picture, except that the difference between the two is that the hem 1 2 is shorter under the second picture, but Its disadvantages are similar to those of the first learner of the first picture.

同。又如第三圖所示為第三種習知端蓋1 B ，此端蓋1 B 之缺點與前述習知之第一及二圖相似。唯一之差異在於該種端蓋1 B係採用L型之形狀，L型之端蓋其缺點為，無法對隔熱鋼板之末端產生有效之覆蓋。如圖三所示，該隔熱鋼板之突緣部A 4之側邊A 4 0無法被前述之端蓋1 B 充分覆蓋，因此雨水也會由端蓋位覆蓋處滲入，而使隔熱鋼板A之下表面A 3與下折邊1 2之夾合空間包覆大量的水份，無法排出，而積存之水份易造成鋼板之快速鏽#。with. As shown in the third figure, a third conventional end cap 1 B is shown. The disadvantages of this end cap 1 B are similar to the first and second figures of the prior art. The only difference is that the end cap 1 B is in the shape of an L-shape. The disadvantage of the L-type end cap is that it cannot effectively cover the end of the heat-insulated steel plate. As shown in FIG. 3, the side A 4 0 of the flange portion A 4 of the heat-insulated steel plate cannot be fully covered by the aforementioned end cover 1 B, so rainwater will infiltrate from the cover place of the end cover to make the heat-insulated steel plate The space between the lower surface A 3 and the lower fold 12 of A is covered with a large amount of water and cannot be discharged, and the accumulated water easily causes rapid rust of the steel plate #.

且鳥類亦會由未被覆蓋之突緣部A 4啄食破壞隔熱鋼板之發泡層。為此，本案發明者，積多年相關產品之設計與開發經驗，乃再針對前揭習知者之缺點加以研究，而發明本案，為本發明之動機。In addition, birds will peck and destroy the foamed layer of the heat-insulated steel plate by the uncovered flange portion A 4. For this reason, the inventor of this case has accumulated many years of experience in design and development of related products, and then studies the shortcomings of previous learners, and the invention of this case is the motivation of this invention.

第7頁 593856 五、發明說明（3) 【發明内容】本發明之目的’乃在&供〜種結構新穎，可防止隔熱鋼板之末端被水份珍入而鐵飿，以提昇由金屬建材建造之綠色建築物使用年限之端蓋創新。本發明之特點有· 1 ·本發明之端蓋’係針訝浪板造型之隔熱鋼板首、末端之包覆，及此隔熱鋼板之首、末端至少包含突緣部及平面部。 2 ·本發明之端蓋’包含有上結合部、直立部與下延伸部，上結合部並設有配合隔熱鋼板首、末端形狀之突緣部與平面部；以使端蓋可與隔熱鋼板首、末端充分結合，且利用端蓋之下延伸部與隔熱鋼板下表面結合，並形成適當之間隔，以保護隔熱鋼板之發泡層，且使滲入之水份迅速排出’而不會積存水液，防止隔熱鋼板被水腐蝕。 3 ·本發明之端蓋’可以運用於隔熱鋼板之末端及屋頂中脊之隔熱鋼板首端之包覆。、4 ·本發明之端蓋，可以一體成型以配合隔熱鋼板之成型長度；或以單_元件組合方式為之。一 5 ·本發明之端蓋，運用於隔熱鋼板之位於屋頂中脊隔熱鋼板首端之包覆時，可以設上延伸面，以防止雨水或霧水渗入。【實施方式】如此’為使貴審查員可充份了解本發明，茲依附圖式說明如下：Page 593856 V. Description of the invention (3) [Summary of the invention] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel structure, which can prevent the end of the heat-insulated steel plate from being immersed in water by iron, so as to enhance the metal Innovative end caps for the useful life of green buildings constructed by building materials. The features of the present invention are as follows: 1. The end cap of the present invention is a covering of a head and an end of a heat-insulating steel plate in the shape of a wave plate, and the head and the end of the heat-insulating steel include at least a flange portion and a flat portion. 2. The end cover of the present invention includes an upper joint portion, an upright portion and a lower extension portion, and the upper joint portion is provided with a flange portion and a flat portion matching the shape of the head and end of the heat-insulating steel plate, so that the end cover can be separated from The head and end of the hot steel plate are fully combined, and the extension under the end cover is combined with the lower surface of the heat insulation steel plate to form an appropriate interval to protect the foamed layer of the heat insulation steel plate and allow the infiltrating water to be quickly discharged. Water does not accumulate, preventing the heat-insulated steel sheet from being corroded by water. 3. The end cap of the present invention can be applied to the end of the heat-insulating steel sheet and the head of the heat-insulating steel sheet in the middle ridge of the roof. 4) The end cap of the present invention can be integrally formed to match the forming length of the heat-insulating steel plate; 5 · The end cover of the present invention is used for covering the top end of the heat insulation steel plate located on the middle ridge of the roof. An extension surface can be provided to prevent rain or fog from seeping in. [Embodiment] In this way, in order for your examiner to fully understand the present invention, it is described below with reference to the drawings:

第8頁 593856 五、發明說明（4) 如圖四〜六所示，係本發明之實施例（一），圖中示，本實施例（一）係運用於隔熱剛板末端之實施例，本實施例（一）包含有隔熱鋼板2 ·，隔熱鋼板2設有上層鋼板2 0 ，及於上層鋼板2 0之内側面設有發泡層2 1 ，及發泡層2 1下方可設有裝飾層2 2 ，此裝飾層可由塑膠製裝飾材或金屬板為之，及此隔熱鋼板2之末端乃形成有突緣部2 3及平面部2 4 ，其中平面部2 4表面可設強化功能之肋2 4 0。端蓋3 ，此端蓋3可以塑膠或金屬材質製成，且形成上結合部3 0、直立部3 1與下延伸部3 2 ;上結合部3 0並設有可配合隔熱鋼板首、末端形狀之突緣部3 0 0與平面部3 0 1 ，以使端蓋3可與隔熱鋼板2末端充分結合，且利用此突緣部3 0 0與前述之隔熱鋼板2之突緣部 2 3以自攻螺絲2 3 0鎖合之，且於端蓋與隔熱鋼板之結合部位填入填縫劑，可達到防止水份滲入之功能。及設直立部3 1 ，直立部3 1用以與隔熱鋼板之側邊結合。又設下延伸部3 2 ，此下延伸部3 2可與隔熱鋼板3之下表面 2 5形成適當之間隔，以防止下延伸部3 2與隔熱鋼板3 之下表面2 5包覆水份，次下延伸部3 2之末端設向内之彎折端3 2 0 ，以使下延伸部3 2與隔熱鋼板2之下表面 2 5可以充分結合，達到緊密結合及美觀之效果與目的，又於下延伸部3 2並設有單一或複數之導水槽3 2 1 (如圖五及六所示），此導水槽321可設單一或複數之排水孔3 2 2 ，以使少量滲入之水份可經由此導水槽3 2 1之Page 8 593856 V. Description of the invention (4) As shown in Figures 4 to 6, it is an embodiment (a) of the present invention. As shown in the figure, this embodiment (a) is an embodiment applied to the end of a heat-insulating rigid plate. This embodiment (1) includes a heat-insulating steel plate 2. The heat-insulating steel plate 2 is provided with an upper-layer steel plate 2 0, and a foamed layer 2 1 is provided on the inner side of the upper-layer steel plate 20, and the foamed layer 2 1 is below A decorative layer 2 2 can be provided. The decorative layer can be made of plastic decorative material or metal plate, and the end of the heat-insulating steel plate 2 is formed with a flange portion 2 3 and a flat portion 2 4, wherein the flat portion 2 4 surface Can be set to strengthen the ribs 2 4 0. End cap 3, this end cap 3 can be made of plastic or metal material, and forms an upper joint portion 30, an upright portion 31, and a lower extension portion 3 2; the upper joint portion 30 is provided with a heat insulation steel plate, The end shape of the flange portion 3 0 0 and the flat portion 3 0 1, so that the end cover 3 can be fully combined with the end of the heat insulation steel plate 2, and the flange portion 3 0 0 and the flange of the heat insulation steel plate 2 are used. The part 23 is locked with a self-tapping screw 2 30, and the joint of the end cover and the heat-insulating steel plate is filled with a sealant, which can prevent the function of water infiltration. The upright portion 31 is provided, and the upright portion 31 is used to be combined with the side of the heat insulation steel plate. A lower extension 3 2 is also provided. This lower extension 32 can form a proper distance from the lower surface 25 of the heat insulation steel plate 3 to prevent the lower extension 32 and the lower surface 25 of the heat insulation steel plate 3 from being covered with water. The end of the second lower extension 32 is provided with an inwardly bent end 3 2 0 so that the lower extension 32 and the lower surface 25 of the heat-insulating steel plate 2 can be fully combined to achieve a close and beautiful effect. For the purpose, a single or plural drainage channel 3 2 1 (as shown in Figs. 5 and 6) is provided at the lower extension portion 32. The drainage channel 321 may be provided with single or plural drainage holes 3 2 2 so that a small amount The infiltrated water can pass through this aqueduct 3 2 1

第9頁 593856 五、發明說明（5) 排水孔3 2 2排出，以保護隔熱鋼板之發泡層，不會被鳥類啄食，且使滲入之少量水份可以迅速排出，而不會積存水液，及隔熱鋼板與端蓋之間絕對不會積存水份，可減少隔熱鋼板被水份鏽蝕之機會，使隔熱鋼板更經久埘用者。如圖七所示，係本發明之實施例（二），圖中.示，本實施例（二）係自前述實施例（一）衍生而得，本實施例 (二）亦包含有與前述實施例（一）相同結構之隔熱鋼板 2 。及設端蓋3 A，此端蓋3 A與前述實施例（一）有相同之結構。但是係由單一元件為之，如此為配合隔熱鋼板之長度，可以複數個單一元件組合而形成組合式端蓋。且可於此組合式端蓋3 A與隔熱鋼板2之結合部位填入填縫劑，及可達到防止水份滲入之功能，以保護隔熱鋼板之發泡層，不會被鳥類σ豕食，且使滲入之少量水份可以迅速排出，而不會積存水液，且隔熱鋼板與端蓋之間絕對不會積存水份，可減少隔熱鋼板被水份鐵姓之機會，使隔熱鋼板更經久耐用。如圖八及九所示，係本發明之實施例（三），圖中示，本實施例（三）係自前述實施例（一）及（二）衍生而得，本實施例（三）亦包含有與前述實施例（一）及 (二）相同結構之隔熱鋼板2。及設端蓋3 Β ，此端蓋3 Β與前述實施例（一）及（二）有相同之結構。唯一之差異為於上結合部3 0之平面部3 0 1設上延伸面3 0 2 ，上延伸面3 0 2可與屋中脊4搭配運作，可以防止雨水或霧水自中脊無法覆蓋之部位滲入。因此，本實施例（三）Page 959856 V. Description of the invention (5) Drain holes 3 2 2 are discharged to protect the foamed layer of the heat-insulated steel plate from being pecked by birds, and a small amount of water that has penetrated can be quickly discharged without accumulation. Water and water will never accumulate between the heat insulation steel plate and the end cover, which can reduce the chance of the heat insulation steel plate being rusted by the water and make the heat insulation steel plate more durable. As shown in FIG. 7, it is an embodiment (2) of the present invention. The figure shows. This embodiment (2) is derived from the foregoing embodiment (1), and this embodiment (2) also includes the same as the foregoing. Example (1) Insulated steel plate 2 of the same structure. An end cap 3 A is provided, and this end cap 3 A has the same structure as the foregoing embodiment (a). However, it is made of a single component. In order to match the length of the heat-insulating steel plate, a plurality of single components can be combined to form a combined end cap. And the joint of the combined end cap 3 A and the heat-insulating steel plate 2 can be filled with a sealant, and the function of preventing water penetration can be achieved to protect the foamed layer of the heat-insulating steel plate from being affected by birds σ 豕Food, and the infiltration of a small amount of water can be quickly discharged without the accumulation of water, and absolutely no water can be stored between the heat insulation steel plate and the end cap, which can reduce the chance of the heat insulation steel plate being iron and water. Insulated steel plate is more durable. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, it is an embodiment (3) of the present invention. As shown in the figure, this embodiment (3) is derived from the foregoing embodiments (1) and (2). This embodiment (3) The heat-insulating steel plate 2 having the same structure as the foregoing embodiments (1) and (2) is also included. An end cap 3 Β is provided, and this end cap 3 Β has the same structure as the foregoing embodiments (a) and (b). The only difference is that the upper extension surface 3 0 2 is set on the flat portion 3 0 1 of the upper joint portion 30. The upper extension surface 3 0 2 can work with the middle ridge 4 of the house to prevent rain or fog from covering the middle ridge. Infiltration of parts. Therefore, this embodiment (3)

第10頁 593856 五、發明說明（6) 可被運用於隔熱鋼板之首端，即如前述，位於屋頂之中脊部位，且本端蓋3 B可以一體成型或如實施例（二）之由複數個單一元件組合而形成組合式端蓋。且可於此組合式端蓋3 B與隔熱鋼板2之結合部位填入填縫劑，及可達到防止水份滲入之功能，以保護隔熱鋼板之發泡層，不會被鳥類啄食，且使滲入之少量水份可以迅速排出，而不會積存水液，且隔熱鋼板與端蓋之間絕對不會積存水份，可減少隔熱鋼板被水份鏽蝕之機會，使隔熱鋼板更經久耐用。為本案之組成。Page 593856 V. Description of the invention (6) It can be applied to the first end of the heat-insulating steel sheet, as mentioned above, located on the middle ridge of the roof, and the end cap 3 B can be integrally formed or as in the second embodiment A combination end cap is formed by combining a plurality of single elements. And the joint of the combined end cap 3 B and the heat-insulating steel plate 2 can be filled with a sealant, and the function of preventing water infiltration can be achieved to protect the foamed layer of the heat-insulating steel plate from being pecked by birds. And the infiltration of a small amount of water can be quickly discharged without the accumulation of water, and there will never be any water between the heat insulation steel plate and the end cover, which can reduce the chance of the heat insulation steel plate being rusted by water and make the heat The steel plate is more durable. The composition of this case.

第11頁 593856 圖式簡單說明 <圖式之說明> 第一圖：習知第一種實施例立體視圖。第二圖：習知第二種實施例立體視圖。第三圖：習知第一種實施例立體視圖。第四圖：本創作實施例（一）分解圖。第五圖：本創作實施例（一）剖視圖一。第六圖：本創作實施例（一）剖視圖二。第七圖：本創作實施例（二）分解圖。第八圖：本創作實施例（三）分解圖。第九圖：本創作實施例（三）剖視圖。 <重要圖號> 隔熱鋼板2、上層鋼板20、發泡層21 、裝飾層22、突緣部2 3 ，3 0 0、自攻螺絲2 3 0、平面部24 ，301 、肋240 、下表面25 、端蓋3 ，3A，3B、結合部30、上延伸面302、直立部3 1 、下延伸部3 2 、彎折端3 2 0、導水槽3 2 1、排水孔3 2 2。Page 593856 Brief description of the drawings < Explanation of the drawings > First drawing: A perspective view of the first embodiment of the conventional art. Second image: A perspective view of a second embodiment according to the prior art. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a conventional first embodiment. Figure 4: Exploded view of the creative embodiment (1). Figure 5: Section 1 of the creative embodiment (1). Figure 6: Section 2 of this creative embodiment (1). Figure 7: Exploded view of the creative embodiment (2). Figure 8: Exploded view of the creative embodiment (3). Figure 9: Sectional view of the creative embodiment (3). < Important drawing number > Insulation steel plate 2, upper steel plate 20, foamed layer 21, decorative layer 22, flange portion 2 3, 3 0, self-tapping screw 2 3 0, flat portion 24, 301, rib 240 , Lower surface 25, end cap 3, 3A, 3B, joint 30, upper extension surface 302, upright 3 1, lower extension 3 2, bent end 3 2 0, water channel 3 2 1, drainage hole 3 2 2.

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Claims

593856 六、申請專利範圍 1 · 一種端蓋，包含：隔熱鋼板，隔熱鋼板之末端設突緣部及平面部；端蓋，包含有上結合部、直立部與下延伸部；上結合部設有配合前述隔熱鋼板形狀之突緣部與平面部；次下延伸部可與隔熱鋼板下表面結合，並形成間隔，及設導水槽，導水槽設排水孔，使滲入之水份迅速排出，而不會積 -存水液，防止鋼板被水鏽蝕。 2 ·依申請專利範圍第1項所述之端蓋，其中端蓋可以為一體成型以配合隔熱鋼板之成型長度。593856 VI. Scope of patent application 1 · An end cover, including: a heat-insulating steel plate, with a flange portion and a flat portion at the end of the heat-insulating steel plate; an end cover including an upper joint portion, an upright portion and a lower extension portion; an upper joint portion A flange portion and a plane portion matching the shape of the aforementioned heat-insulating steel plate are provided; the second lower extension portion can be combined with the lower surface of the heat-insulating steel plate to form a space, and a water channel is provided, and the water channel is provided with a drainage hole, so that the infiltrated water quickly Drain without stagnant water, prevent the steel plate from being corroded by water. 2. The end cap according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the end cap can be integrally formed to match the length of the heat-insulated steel plate.

3 ·依申請專利範圍第1項所述之端蓋，其中端蓋可以複數之單一元件組合而成。 4 ·依申請專利範圍第1項所述之端蓋，其中下延伸面可設有複數之導水槽。 5 ·依申請專利範圍第1項所述之端蓋，其中下延伸面之導水槽可設有複數排水孔。 6 ·依申請專利範圍第1項所述之端蓋，其中端蓋上結合部之平面部設上延伸面，上延伸面可與屋中脊搭配運作運用，以防止雨水或霧水滲入。3. The end cap according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the end cap can be composed of a plurality of single components. 4. The end cap according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the lower extension surface may be provided with a plurality of water guiding grooves. 5. The end cap according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the drainage channel of the lower extension surface may be provided with a plurality of drainage holes. 6. The end cap according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the flat part of the joint part of the end cap is provided with an upper extension surface, which can be used in conjunction with the middle ridge of the house to prevent rain or fog from seeping in.

7 ·依申請專利範圍第1項所述之端蓋，其中端蓋之下延伸部末端設向内之彎折端，以使下延伸部可與隔熱鋼板之下表面充分結合。7. The end cap according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the end of the lower extension of the end cap is provided with a bent end inward so that the lower extension can be fully combined with the lower surface of the heat-insulating steel plate.

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