552820 五、發明說明（1) [發明的技術領域] 本發明係和可重現車載用、電腦用、家庭電影院 用、BGM用等之音響信號的通用揚聲器相關，並和將 此種揚聲器裝配於汽車內來形成柔和音場之方法相 關。 [習知技術] 音響揚聲器係接收放大器之音響輸出電流而產生聲 波之轉換器，一般具有動力型轉換器、以及將振盪器 之振盪當做聲波發射之音響發射部。此音響發射部方 面’小型用係採用錐形震膜或球頂形震膜，大型用係 採用號角。這種揚聲器爲了產生涵蓋較寬頻帶之聲 波，大多會組合口徑不同之數個揚聲器，故高級品之 價格會非常昂貴，且需要相當大設置面積。 另一方面，電腦用或車載用等之揚聲器因其本身之 設置面積受到限制，大多採用相對較小之錐形震膜揚 聲器單元。此種揚聲器中，揚聲器單元之錐形震膜紙 會實施音響振動而產生聲波，同時，此機械振動會經 由擋板傳達至箱，而箱整體也而因容易產生搖動。發 生此種箱搖動時，錐形震膜紙產生之聲音的低頻容易 被抵消，而處於低音域無法精確重現之狀況，低音域 會呈現混濁不淸的聲音。 爲了防止小型揚聲器之箱搖動，傳統上，係在揚聲 器單元之框架及錐形震膜紙之間，裝設金屬製之自由552820 V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a general-purpose speaker capable of reproducing audio signals for vehicles, computers, home theaters, BGM, etc., and is equipped with such speakers. The method of forming a soft sound field in a car is related. [Known Technology] Acoustic speakers are converters that generate acoustic waves by receiving the acoustic output current of an amplifier. They generally have a power converter and an acoustic transmitter that uses the oscillation of an oscillator as a sound wave. In this aspect of the acoustic transmitting unit, a cone-shaped diaphragm or a dome-shaped diaphragm is used for the small-scale system, and a horn is used for the large-scale system. In order to generate a sound wave covering a wide frequency band, most of these speakers are combined with several speakers of different calibers, so the price of high-end products is very expensive, and a relatively large installation area is required. On the other hand, speakers for computers or vehicles are limited in their installation area, and they usually use relatively small cone-shaped diaphragm speaker units. In this type of speaker, the cone-shaped diaphragm of the speaker unit performs acoustic vibration to generate sound waves. At the same time, the mechanical vibration is transmitted to the box through the baffle, and the entire box is easily shaken. When such a box is shaken, the low frequency of the sound produced by the cone-shaped diaphragm is easily cancelled, and it is in a situation where the bass range cannot be accurately reproduced, and the bass range will appear murky. In order to prevent the cabinet of small speakers from shaking, traditionally, it is installed between the frame of the speaker unit and the cone-shaped diaphragm, and the metal is installed freely.
552820 五、發明說明（2) 端，利用此自由端使錐形震膜紙更易振動並吸收錐形 震膜紙之機械振動。此自由端雖然具有若干效果，卻 仍不夠完備，因無法完全吸收錐形震膜紙之機械振 動，故仍有若干振動會傳至揚聲器單元之框架，此振 動又會經由擋板傳達至箱，而使整個箱產生搖動。 爲了吸收錐形震膜紙之機械振動，也有人提出在揚 聲器單元之框架使用制振鋼板的構想。此制振鋼板通 常爲在2片薄鋼板間夾入具有制振性能之樹脂層的三 明治形狀，其夾於其間之樹脂層就稱爲制振片。在此 制振鋼板中，係利用振制片變形時所產生之黏性阻尼 來吸收振動，因爲此變形係依存於樹脂層之剪變形， 故在原理上，即使較薄亦可期待具有高制振效果，而 且，樹脂之特性的微振動會比金屬更長且更持續。因 此，發射之聲波往往會在一定時間內產生重合，尤其 是低音域之聲音會變得混濁。 本發明目的就是爲了改善傳統小型揚聲器之前述問 題，而提供可忠實重現音響信號及淸晰再生低音域之 通用揚聲器。本發明之另一目的，就是將具有特定振 動阻尼率及楊氏模量之制振金屬應用於框架、擋板、 及固定構件中任一項，提供不會損失音質的通用揚聲 器。本發明之又一另一目的，就是提供使車內之可聽 聲音變成車內壁之間接聲音，減少聲波間之相互干涉 並形成柔和音場之揚聲器的安裝方法。 -4- 552820 五、發明說明（3) [發明之槪述] 本發明相關之通用揚聲器，係以將音響輸出信號轉 變成振盪器之振盪的電力式機械轉換器、將振盪器之 振盪當做聲波發射之音響發射部、以及固定於轉換器 上且環繞音響發射部而成大致圓錐狀之框架來構成揚 聲器單元，且至少有1台揚聲器單元經由擋板組合於 箱框上。通常，會有1台或2台揚聲器單元相連組合 於箱框上。而對應需求，固定構件會位於揚聲器單元 及擋板之間、或位於擋板及箱框之間。 在本發明中，制振金屬製之構件爲揚聲器單元之框 架、擋板、及/或固定構件。揚聲器單元之框架亦可只 有該框架之凸緣部爲制振金屬製。此制振金屬具有 0.01以上之振動阻尼率及5.0 X l〇9N/m2以上之楊氏模 量的性質，最好爲具有〇·〇3以上之振動阻尼率及7.0 X 1 09N/m2以上之楊氏模量的性質。此制振金屬爲如外 表面氣孔較稀疏而內部氣孔較密之多孔質燒結體、Fe-A1系制振合金或Al-Si系制振合金。 本發明之通用揚聲器中，係利用揚聲器單元之框 架、擋板、及/或固定構件之制振金屬，吸收傳送至揚 聲器單元之框架的機械振動，忠實重現音響信號及淸 晰再生低音域及超低音域。本發明之通用揚聲器係將 1台或2台相連之揚聲器單元組合於箱框上，若揚聲 器單元爲2台相連時’可以更忠實再現音響信號，且552820 V. Description of the invention (2) end, use this free end to make the cone diaphragm film easier to vibrate and absorb the mechanical vibration of the cone diaphragm film. Although this free end has several effects, it is still not complete. Because it cannot fully absorb the mechanical vibration of the cone-shaped diaphragm film, there are still some vibrations that will be transmitted to the frame of the speaker unit, and this vibration will be transmitted to the box through the baffle. The whole box is shaken. In order to absorb the mechanical vibration of the cone diaphragm paper, the idea of using a vibration-proof steel plate in the frame of the speaker unit has also been proposed. This vibration-damping steel sheet is generally a San Meiji shape in which a resin layer having a vibration-damping property is sandwiched between two thin steel plates. The resin layer sandwiched therebetween is called a vibration-damping sheet. In this damping steel plate, the viscous damping generated when the vibrating piece is deformed is used to absorb vibrations. Since this deformation is dependent on the shear deformation of the resin layer, in principle, even a thinner plate can be expected to have a high yield. The vibration effect of the resin is longer and longer than that of the metal. Therefore, the emitted sound waves often overlap in a certain period of time, especially the sound in the low range will become cloudy. The purpose of the present invention is to improve the aforementioned problems of conventional small speakers, and to provide a universal speaker that faithfully reproduces the acoustic signal and clearly reproduces the bass range. Another object of the present invention is to apply a vibration-damping metal having a specific vibration damping rate and a Young's modulus to any one of a frame, a bezel, and a fixed member to provide a general-purpose speaker without loss of sound quality. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for installing a speaker that changes audible sound in a car into in-vehicle sound, reduces mutual interference between sound waves, and forms a soft sound field. -4- 552820 V. Description of the invention (3) [Description of the invention] The general-purpose speaker related to the present invention is a power-type mechanical converter that converts an acoustic output signal into the oscillation of an oscillator, and uses the oscillation of the oscillator as a sound wave A sound emitting unit is emitted, and a speaker unit is formed by a substantially conical frame that is fixed on the converter and surrounds the sound emitting unit, and at least one speaker unit is assembled on the box frame via a baffle. Usually, one or two speaker units are connected to the box frame. According to the needs, the fixing member will be located between the speaker unit and the bezel, or between the bezel and the box frame. In the present invention, the member made of the vibration-damping metal is a frame, a bezel, and / or a fixing member of the speaker unit. The frame of the speaker unit may have only the flange portion of the frame made of damping metal. This damping metal has properties of a vibration damping ratio of 0.01 or more and a Young's modulus of 5.0 X 109 N / m2 or more, and preferably has a vibration damping ratio of 0.03 or more and 7.0 X 1 09N / m2 or more Properties of Young's Modulus. This vibration-controlling metal is, for example, a porous sintered body with sparse pores on the outer surface and denser pores on the inside, Fe-A1 series vibration-controlling alloy or Al-Si system vibration-controlling alloy. In the universal speaker of the present invention, the frame, the bezel, and / or the damping metal of the fixing member of the speaker unit are used to absorb the mechanical vibration transmitted to the frame of the speaker unit, faithfully reproduce the acoustic signal, and clearly reproduce the bass range and Subwoofer range. The universal speaker of the present invention combines one or two connected speaker units on a box frame. If the speaker unit is two connected, it can more faithfully reproduce the audio signal, and
552820 五、發明說明（4) 低音域再生亦可更淸晰。 本發明之通用揚聲器最好在揚聲器前方裝配著聲波 透鏡。此聲波透鏡係由厚度數mm之硬而粗的金屬氣 泡所構成，對此金屬氣泡實施形成凸狀之塑性變形， 控制音源之強度分布及相位，可以適度擴散產生之聲 音的指向性。 本發明之揚腎益女裝方法上’係以電力式機械轉換 器、音響發射部、以及固定於轉換器上且環繞音響發 射部而成大致圓錐狀之框架來構成揚聲器單元，且將 2台經由擋板將此揚聲器單元組合於箱框上之揚聲器 當做汽車用，實現小型化。而此2台揚聲器中，揚聲 器單元之框架、擋板、及固定構件中之任一項係由制 振金屬所構成。 本發明之方法中，2台揚聲器係以向前方式配置於 汽車之駕駛座及前側座的下方。此兩揚聲器以向前方 式配置於汽車之駕駛座及前側座的下方，而揚聲器之 正面可以爲朝向水平方向或向上。此種安裝方法時， 揚聲器之正面的配設方向，可以爲從水平至垂直向 上，而對應揚聲器之方向，虛擬音像之位置亦會向上 移。利用此種構造之2台揚聲器，可以使車內之可聽 聲音變成車內壁之間接聲音，可確實再生產生聲音之 低音域，形成柔和音場。 又，兩揚聲器亦可相對於駕駛座及前側座而方向朝 552820 五、發明說明（ 5) 後· 設置於儀 表板之下方。 此 兩 揚聲 器 以 朝 後方式 配 置 儀. 表板之下方，而揚 聲器 之 正 面可 以 爲 朝 向水平方 向 或 向上。此 種安裝方法時 1 揚 聲器 之 正 面 的配設 方 向 ^可以爲 從水平至 垂直 向 上 。利 用 此 種 構造之 2 台 揚 聲器，可以使車內 之可 聽 聲 音變 成 以 車 內壁之 間 接 聲 音爲主的 聲音，可 確實 再生 產生 聲 音 之低音域 ， 形 成 柔和音場 〇 [圖 式之簡單說明] 第 1圖係各 種制振材料之 振 動 阻尼 率 及 楊 氏模量 範 圍 的 圖示。 第 2圖係本 發明使用 之多孔 質 燒結 體 的放大剖面 槪 要 圖 0 第 3圖係本 發明通用 揚聲 器 之 揚聲 器 單 元 的部份 側 面 槪 要圖。 第 4圖係本 發明其他 通用 揚 聲 器之剖面 槪 要圖。 第 5圖係通 用揚聲器 之其他 實 例的 重 要 部 位剖面 圖 〇 第 6圖係具 有其他固 定構 件 之 通用 揚 聲 器 實例的 重 要 部 位剖面圖 〇 第 7圖係揚 聲器特性 測量 方法 流程之 說 明 圖。 第 8圖係本 發明揚聲 器之 揚 聲 器特性的時 域圖表 0 第 9圖係裝 設木製擋 板之 楊 聲 器之 揚 聲 器 特性的 時 域 圖 表。 第 1 〇圖係製造金屬框架所使用之電鍍反應裝置的槪要 -7- 552820 五、發明說明（6) 說明圖。 第π圖係市販揚聲器中，揚聲器單元之圓錐形框架及 外殼間有多孔質燒結體之固定構件時、以及無多孔質 燒結體之固定構件時的頻率特性圖表。 第1 2圖係組合2台揚聲器單元之通用揚聲器實例的槪 要剖面圖。 第13(a)圖及（b)係單揚聲器及雙揚聲器之揚聲器特性 的時域、及頻帶之圖表。 第14圖係針對同一構造之2台雙揚聲器，一方之擋板 爲多孔質燒結體時、另一方之擋板爲木製時的頻率特 性圖表。 弟15圖係口徑10 cm之揚卓兀的頻率特性圖表。 第16圖係口徑10 cm之另一揚聲器單元的頻率特性圖 表。 第17圖係使用第15圖及第16圖之2台揚聲器單元的 雙揚聲器頻率特性圖表。 第18圖係組合2台揚聲器單元之通用揚聲器之另一實 例的槪要剖面圖。 第19圖係依本發明車載揚聲器設置位置所描繪之音線 圖，（a)係轎車之側剖面圖、（b)係水平剖面圖。 第2 0圖係依本發明車載揚聲器另一設置位置所描繪之 音線圖，（a)係轎車之側剖面圖、（b)係水平剖面圖。 第2 1圖係依傳統車載揚聲器設置位置所描繪之音線 552820 五、發明說明（7) 圖，（a)係轎車之側剖面圖、（b)係水平剖面圖。 第22圖係第21圖之車載揚聲器設置位置的係揚聲 器特性之時域圖表、（b)係頻帶圖表。 第23圖係和第22圖不同之轎車而具有和第22圖相同 之揚聲器特性的圖表。 第24圖係和第23圖相同之轎車而在既存之車載揚聲 器設置位置具有和第22圖相同之揚聲器特性的圖表。 [發明之最佳實施形態] 本發明之通用揚聲器1中，揚聲器單元之框架、擋 板、及固定構件中之任一項或複數部位係由制振金屬 所構成，亦可只有該框架之凸緣部（參照第3圖之符號 3 3 )由制振金屬所構成。揚聲器1係車載用、電腦用、 家庭電影院用、BGM用、一般音響用等之製品，該揚 聲器亦可爲低音揚聲器。一般而言，揚聲器1之構造 相對較單純且價格便宜，但最好爲小型者，可設置於 受到限制之狹窄空間。在本發明中，揚聲器單元之音 響發射部可以爲錐形震膜、球頂形震膜、或大型號角 中之任一項。 本發明中，制振金屬雖然包含單一金屬、合金、及 複合金屬，但不包含如金屬板及其他素材互相貼合之 眾知制振鋼板的複合製品。此制振金屬必須具有0.0 1 以上之振動阻尼率及5.0 XI 09N/m2以上之楊氏模量的 性質，前述物性皆爲物質特有之常數，振動阻尼率係552820 V. Description of the invention (4) The reproduction of the bass range can also be clearer. The universal speaker of the present invention is preferably equipped with an acoustic lens in front of the speaker. This sonic lens is composed of hard and thick metal gas bubbles with a thickness of several mm. The metal bubbles are subjected to convex plastic deformation to control the intensity distribution and phase of the sound source, and can appropriately diffuse the directivity of the sound generated. According to the method of the present invention, a speaker unit is constituted by a power-type mechanical converter, a sound transmitting section, and a substantially conical frame that is fixed on the converter and surrounds the sound transmitting section. The speaker, which is combined with the speaker unit on the box frame through the baffle plate, is used as an automobile, and the miniaturization is realized. Among these two speakers, any one of the frame, the bezel, and the fixing member of the speaker unit is made of a damping metal. In the method of the present invention, the two speakers are arranged in a forward manner under the driver's seat and the front side seat of the car. The two speakers are arranged forward under the driver's seat and front side seat of the car, and the front of the speakers can be oriented horizontally or upwardly. In this installation method, the orientation of the front of the speaker can be from horizontal to vertical, and the position of the virtual audio and video will also move up corresponding to the direction of the speaker. With the two speakers of this structure, the audible sound in the car can be converted into the sound between the inner walls of the car, and the low-frequency range of the sound can be reproduced reliably to form a soft sound field. In addition, the two speakers can also be oriented 552820 relative to the driver's seat and the front side seat. 5. Description of the Invention (5) · Set under the instrument panel. The two speakers are configured in a rear-facing manner. Below the dial, the front of the speakers can be either horizontal or upward. In this installation method, the orientation of the front side of the 1 speaker can be from horizontal to vertical. With the two speakers of this structure, the audible sound in the car can be changed to the sound mainly connected between the inner wall of the car, and the low-frequency range of the sound can be reliably reproduced to form a soft sound field. Figure 1 is a graph showing the vibration damping rate and Young's modulus range of various vibration control materials. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a porous sintered body used in the present invention. Fig. 3 is a side view of a part of a speaker unit of the general-purpose speaker of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another general speaker of the present invention. Figure 5 is a sectional view of important parts of other examples of general speakers. Figure 6 is a sectional view of important parts of an example of a general-purpose speaker with other fixed components. Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram of a flow chart of a method for measuring a characteristic of a speaker. Fig. 8 is a time-domain chart of the characteristics of a speaker of the present invention. 0 Fig. 9 is a time-domain chart of the characteristics of a speaker with a wooden baffle. Figure 10 is a summary of the electroplating reaction device used in the manufacture of metal frames. -7-552820 V. Description of the invention (6) Illustrative drawing. Figure π is a graph of frequency characteristics of a commercially available speaker when a fixed member of a porous sintered body is provided between the cone-shaped frame and the housing of the speaker unit, and when the fixed member is not a porous sintered body. Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a general-purpose speaker combining two speaker units. Figures 13 (a) and (b) are graphs of the time domain and frequency band of the loudspeaker characteristics of the single and dual speakers. Fig. 14 is a graph of frequency characteristics for two dual speakers of the same structure when one baffle plate is a porous sintered body and the other baffle plate is wooden. Figure 15 is a graph of the frequency characteristics of the outstanding 10 cm caliber. Fig. 16 is a frequency characteristic chart of another speaker unit with a diameter of 10 cm. Fig. 17 is a graph of frequency characteristics of dual speakers using two speaker units of Figs. 15 and 16. Fig. 18 is a schematic sectional view of another example of a general-purpose speaker combining two speaker units. Fig. 19 is a sound line diagram drawn according to the installation position of the vehicle speaker of the present invention, (a) is a side sectional view of the car, and (b) is a horizontal sectional view. Fig. 20 is a sound line diagram drawn according to another installation position of the car speaker of the present invention, (a) is a side sectional view of the car, and (b) is a horizontal sectional view. Figure 21 is a sound line drawn according to the installation position of a traditional car speaker. 552820 V. Description of the invention (7) Figure, (a) is a side sectional view of a car, and (b) is a horizontal sectional view. Fig. 22 is a time-domain diagram of the speaker characteristics and (b) a band diagram of the car speaker installation position in Fig. 21; Fig. 23 is a graph of a car different from Fig. 22 and having the same speaker characteristics as Fig. 22; Fig. 24 is a graph showing the same car characteristics as Fig. 23 with the same speaker characteristics as those of Fig. 22 at the existing vehicle speaker installation position. [Best Embodiment of the Invention] In the universal speaker 1 of the present invention, any one or a plurality of parts of a frame, a baffle, and a fixing member of the speaker unit are made of a damping metal, and only the projection of the frame may be used. The edge portion (refer to symbol 3 3 in FIG. 3) is made of a damping metal. The speaker 1 is a product for vehicle use, computer use, home cinema use, BGM use, general audio use, etc. The speaker may also be a woofer. In general, the structure of the speaker 1 is relatively simple and inexpensive, but it is preferable that the speaker 1 be small and can be installed in a restricted space. In the present invention, the sound emission portion of the speaker unit may be any one of a cone-shaped diaphragm, a dome-shaped diaphragm, or a large-type corner. In the present invention, although the vibration-preventing metal includes a single metal, an alloy, and a composite metal, it does not include a composite product such as a conventionally-known vibration-producing steel plate in which a metal plate and other materials are bonded to each other. This damping metal must have a vibration damping ratio of 0.0 1 or higher and a Young's modulus of 5.0 XI 09 N / m2 or higher. The aforementioned physical properties are all material-specific constants.
552820 五、發明說明（8) 物質之自由衰減振動的對數阻尼率，楊氏模量則爲固 體中之拉伸或壓縮應力、及該方向之變形比。振動阻 尼率爲0.0 1以下時，低音域之聲音容易產生變形，楊 氏模量爲5.0 X 109N/m2以下時，則會產生長而持續 之微振動而使聲音變混濁。最好爲〇.〇3以上之振動阻 尼率及7.0 X 109N/m2以上之楊氏模量，在此範圍 中，可以獲得更忠實之音響信號再現、以及可以獲得 更淸晰之低音域及超低音域的再生。 第1圖係各種制振材料之振動阻尼率及楊氏模量範 圍的圖示。第1圖中，具有〇·〇1以上之振動阻尼率及 5.0 X 109N/m2以上之楊氏模量的制振金屬，係以內 部及外部之氣孔大小不同的多孔質燒結體2、Fe-Al系 制振合金3(商品名稱：M2052、熱科學硏究所製）、及 粉末冶金法之Al-Si系制振合金4(有限公司SUISAKU 製）爲例，然而，未列示之制振金屬只要具有特定之振 動阻尼率及楊氏模量亦可以使用。 因爲前述制振金屬之振動阻尼率爲0.01以上，除了 具有如玻璃纖維及絕緣紙之傳統吸音材料相同的吸音 作用以外，因楊氏模量爲5.0 XI 09N/m2以上，故具有 剛性，而不會如橡膠或彈簧以位移來吸收振動。此制 振金屬在揚聲器單元之錐形震膜紙實施音響振動時， 在該錐形震膜紙振動之同時會防止揚聲器單元之框架 的機械振動，因即始吸收此振動亦完全不會發生位 -10- 552820 五、發明說明（9) 移’故機械振動不會傳達至揚聲器單元及箱框。 具有期望之物性的多孔質燒結體2，係本發明者所 發明之金屬製品，是表面粗糙的剛性品，係對鑄鐵或 鋁等之金屬細片以直接通電進行加熱並同時進行加壓 而製成（參閱日本專利公昭58-52528號、美國專利第 4443404號、日本專利第3259006號）。多孔質燒結體 2是吸音材料，可以吸收能量較大之頻率的聲波，是 和傳統之玻璃纖維及絕緣紙不同的硬質材料。如第2 圖所示，當聲波如箭頭a所示接觸到多孔質燒結體2 時，會被具有較大氣孔之外表面5凹陷處吸收，並如 箭頭b，b所示，在緻密機構之內部6會被壓縮，變成 極小之熱並被釋放至外部。 一般，多孔質燒結體2係使用粒徑6〜50篩號的金 屬碎片，以通電加熱並加壓方式形成平板狀。實施此 成形時，各金屬碎片之表面會熔融並使各碎片相互熔 附在一起，同時，熱會保留於燒結體內部並冷卻，故 外表面5之氣孔會較疏且內部6之氣孔會較密（參照第 2圖）。 多孔質燒結體2可以爲單一或2種以上之金屬碎片 所構成。此金屬碎片爲.金屬之粉粒體或切屑等，即使 爲含有2金屬成分之合金，亦可以爲混合形狀及種類 各不相同的複數金屬碎片而成。此金屬碎片之實例如 鑄鐵切屑、碳鋼片、及不銹鋼片之鐵系金屬、如鋁粉 -11- 552820 五、發明說明（1〇) 末及Al-Si合金切削之鋁系金屬、銅系金屬、以及如 鈦粉末之鈦系金屬等。 多孔質燒結體2除了金屬碎片以外，亦可添加少量 玻璃粒、肥粒鐵粉末、膠泥粉、及/或熱硬化性樹脂並 使其一體化。此熱硬化性樹脂係環氧樹脂、聚酯樹 月旨、酚醛樹脂、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯樹脂等，亦可 混合其他添加物來添加。多孔質燒結體2即使含有少 量陶瓷或合成樹脂等，因爲一體化而可以發揮期望之 防振性。 多孔質燒結體2中，前述添加物爲整體之約1 〇重量 百分率以下則可充分維持多孔質，10〜25重量百分率 則振動衰減性會稍爲下降。多孔質燒結體2中，金屬 碎片之含有量若爲整體之大約75重量百分率以上，則 可當做制振金屬使用，需要高振動阻尼率之高性能揚 聲器用途則最好大約爲90重量百分率以上。 多孔質燒結體2係利用例如具有四角筒形之型箱的 成型裝置（圖上未標示）製造，該型箱內則充塡經過混 合之金屬碎片。此成型裝置中，在水平之陶瓷板上， 以相對方式配置著表面積相同之1對矩形電極板，以 和前述電極板互相垂直方式設置1對矩形耐熱側壁， 構成型箱。一方之電極板的側端連結著來自低電壓變 壓器之電線，而另一方之電極板的相反側端亦連結著 電線。 -12- 552820 五、發明說明（11) 原料之金屬碎片以大致均等之方式置入型箱內，然 後降下壓模，通過數千安培之高電流進行加熱並實施 加壓，形成平板狀。燒結加工時，會有最高8000安培 之高電流流過金屬碎片進行加熱成形，電壓則一般爲 20伏特。此時，型箱內之加熱溫度雖然會達到1 000°C 前後，因有高電流流過，幾乎不會產生體積擴散。 又，空隙之球狀化、微細空隙之減少及消失的現象亦 不會產生，金屬碎片間之接觸部則會有部分互相熔融 並結合。 可對所得之燒結板，進行整修加工使其成爲具有中 心孔之矩形板並直接當做擋板使用，而如較小之固定 構件時，亦可進行適度切割並對單面或兩面進行整修 硏磨，然後再將複數個組合成環狀來使用。又，當做 擋板或固定構件使用時，燒結板之表面亦可設置厚度 數mm之薄覆蓋層，此薄覆蓋層可以由如合成樹脂、 金屬、或通用陶瓷等所構成。利用冷卻前之發熱狀態 或再加熱再成型成立體狀，亦可使此燒結板適用於揚 聲器單元之框架。 通用揚聲器1或低音揚聲器中，只要對應制振金屬 之使用部位來適當選擇的多孔質燒結體2、Fe-Al系制 振合金3、或Al-Si系制振合金4等即可。例如，第3 圖之揚聲器單元7的框架8，最好採用容易立體成型 之制振合金3,4，若只是該框架之凸緣部的話，則可使 -13- 552820 五、發明說明（12) 用多孔質燒結體2或制振合金3，4之任一種。第4圖 所示之擋板10、以及第5圖及第6圖所示之固定構件 1 2,1 4，可使用平板狀之多孔質燒結體2或制振合金 3，4之任一種。平板狀之制振金屬可將其視爲擋板1〇 或固定構件1 2，1 4並以黏結或螺栓固定即可。 第2圖係本發明使用之多孔質燒結體的放大剖面槪 要圖。固定構件1 2，1 4通常爲第5圖所示之矩形剖面 或L字形剖面的環狀體，雖然此環狀體只有一部分爲 制振金屬，只要小板片之制振金屬分散配置於圓周方 向即可。 配合需要，通用揚聲器1中，亦可以覆蓋箱框17— 亦即覆蓋擋板1 0之正面的方式，裝設凸狀塑性變形之 泡沬金屬體16(第4圖）。泡沬金屬體16係厚度達數毫 米且整體由不規則且爲較大之連續氣孔所形成的金屬 板。泡沬金屬體1 6通常採用電磁波阻隔較小之鎳所構 成，需要阻隔電磁波之位置，可使用相符之金屬。泡 沬金屬體16以表觀密度爲ι·〇以下，係由橫向隨機延 設之多數細長金屬線狀體結合而成，整體構成爲立體 之相對較硬的網目形狀，利用第1 〇圖所示之電鍍反應 裝置25所製成。 如第7圖所示，本發明之揚聲器特性測量並非採用 傳統之固定態掃描法，而係採用脈衝輸入法。固定態 掃描法係只以各頻率之電平變動當做揚聲器特性，相 -14- 552820 五、發明說明（13) 對於此，脈衝輸入法則是時域之測量。脈衝輸入法若 採用如第13圖及第22圖至第24圖所示之FFT手法， 揚聲器特性不只是時域（a)之脈衝回應而已，若基電平 相同，則可以實施含相位資訊之頻帶（b)的傳播函數比 較。輸入信號使用時寬50微秒之矩形波脈衝。此信號 至大約10kHz爲止之頻帶可獲得一定之特性，但在 20kHz時，電平會大幅滑落。 第7圖中，記錄於CD-ROM之輸入信號的矩形波脈 衝會被聲頻放大器1 8放大，並提供給揚聲器1 9。揚 聲器發出之聲波會從麥克風20經由放大器2 1記錄於 DAT(數位聲頻磁帶記錄器〇測量後實施DAT之再 生，以FFT分析器進行分析，並利用個人電腦24實施 資料整理。測量室位於吹田屋股份有限公司之工廠 內，而在干擾對策上，爲了獲得更正確之SN比，故 測量結果係實施最少1 00次以上之平均（加算平均）所 得。因爲係以來自揚聲器之直接聲音爲資料處理對 象，故從地板、壁面、及天花板反射回來的聲音會被 去除，雖然如此，仍然可獲得充分之時間長度的直接 聲音，以下之實驗全部採用此種方法。 其次，利用實施例說明本發明，但本發明並不限定 爲此實施例。第4圖所示之小型揚聲器1等時，只需 將第3圖所示之揚聲器單元7配置於箱形之箱框內即 可° -15- 552820 五、發明說明（14) 揚聲器單元7 —般具有框架8，前述框架8上具有 一覆蓋於整體錐形震膜紙30之圓錐形孔，該框架之平 坦頂部固定設置著磁體部32。磁體部32之內部裝配 著圓筒形激磁線圈（圖上未標示），錐形震膜紙30之中 心頂部黏貼於該線圏之一側，該錐形震膜紙會和激磁 線圈同時產生音響振動。錐形震膜紙30之環狀邊緣部 則黏貼於框架8之環狀內緣面，以此方式張貼該錐形 震膜紙，可使安定地產生聲音。制振金屬製之框架8 係由相對較易立體成型之制振合金4(參照第1圖）所構 成，利用該制振合金形成薄薄的中空圓錐形。 圓錐形之框架8的前緣圓周端具有凸緣部33。凸緣 部33固定裝設於具有圓形孔之擋板（圖上未標示），固 定方式爲螺栓固定或黏結。一般而言，凸緣部3 3最好 以相對於擋板在圓周方向以等間隔實行3點之螺栓固 定。此擋板之外緣的平面形狀爲和箱框之內部尺寸大 致相同的矩形，利用金屬夾具或黏結方式，以垂直方 向固定於箱框之內側壁。 另外，揚聲器單元中，只有框架8之凸緣部33由制 振金屬4所構成，該框架之其他圓錐部分亦可爲一般 金屬製。框架8中，凸緣部33及其他圓錐部分亦可以 利用熔接或黏結劑形成一體化。 第4圖所示之揚聲器單元34,在小型揚聲器1中係 配置於箱形之箱框1 7內。揚聲器單元34具有框架 -16- 552820 五、發明說明（15) 36，前述框架36上具有一覆蓋於整體錐形震膜紙35 之圓錐形孔，該框架之平坦頂部固定設置著磁體部 3 8。錐形震膜紙3 5會和磁體部3 8內之激磁線圈同時 產生音響振動。擋板1 〇係採用制振金屬之多孔質燒結 體2(參照第2圖）。 圓錐形之框架36***擋板10之中心孔40內，前緣 圓周端之凸緣部42固定裝設於擋板10,固定方式爲 螺栓固定或黏結。擋板1 0上會形成環狀溝44，可使 凸緣部42嵌合於中心孔40之前方內緣。擋板1 0之平 面形狀爲和箱框1 7之內部尺寸大致相同的矩形，利用 金屬夾具或黏結方式，以垂直方向固定於箱框之內側 壁。凸緣部36之凸緣部42最好以相對於擋板1 0在圓 周方向以等間隔實施3點之螺栓固定。 箱形之箱框17和擋板10共同構成揚聲器箱，其側 壁設有散熱用貫通孔46，箱框後壁則裝設著連接器之 插座47。最好以使箱框17朝上之方式來設置底座 48 〇 製造第2圖所示之多孔質燒結體2時所使用之成型 裝置，圖上並未標示，係採用在水平之陶瓷板上以相 對方式配置著表面積相同之1對矩形電極板，以和前 述電極板互相垂直方式設置1對矩形耐熱側壁構成型 箱。此型箱之尺寸爲底面積67 5 X 675mm、高度15反 射。在水平之陶瓷板中***熱電偶，可以測量箱型內 -17- 552820 五、發明說明（16) 之溫度。此箱型之底面平舖著脫模板’其上置入鑄鐵 (FC-25、含量：碳約3.5%、矽約2.5%、錳約0.5%)之切 屑17kg，使其均等平舖成30mm之厚度，其上再平舖 著脫模板。 在前述之成型裝置中，降下陶瓷製之冲壓模的同 時，打開電源，直到電流上升至5000安培爲止持續使 壓模下降並加壓。當持續加壓至210kg/反射2之壓 力，通過箱型內之電流亦急速從〇上昇至5000安培， 然後電流繼續緩慢上昇，加壓後1 〇〜1 2分鐘可到達 6400安培。因電流在6400安培時會達到平衡，此 時，使冲壓模昇起並取出燒結板進行冷卻。 對此燒結板進行適當切割、加工、以及整修硏磨， 而得到擋板1 〇。所獲得之多孔質燒結體2具有之氣孔 率約爲50%，以厚度方向而言，會呈現若干外表面氣 孔較疏且內部氣孔較密之現象。多孔質燒結體2係振 動阻尼率（η) = 〇·14、楊氏模量爲1.2Xl01QN/m2之制振 金屬。 小型揚聲器1中，因係利用多孔質燒結體2之擋板 10將揚聲器單元34設置於箱框17上，故錐形震膜紙 之音響振動的反作用…機械振動雖然會傳達至框架 36 ’擋板1 0之多孔質燒結體2亦可吸收此機械振動。 當錐形震膜紙35依據放大器之音響信號振動時，擋板 1 〇不會將該錐形震膜紙傳來之機械傳送至箱框1 7。 -18- 552820 五、發明說明（17) 在口徑3 on的反射揚聲器裝設鑄鐵之多孔質燒結體 2的擋板之實驗例中，其揚聲器特性之時域如第8圖 所示。第9圖則是在口徑3 on的反射揚聲器裝設木製 擋板之比較例。在第8圖中，在第一*個負尖峰値之後 的正尖峰値，和第9圖中之該値相比，大了大約 20dB。第8圖中所使用之鑄鐵製多孔質燒結體2因具 有高振動阻尼率且爲剛性材料，故可確實固定揚聲器 單元34。鑄鐵之多孔質燒結體2和第9圖之木製者相 比，當錐形震膜紙之膜面振動時，可吸收較多之反作 用一單元34之機械振動，故錐形震膜紙35之膜面的 動作會更爲順暢，振幅的寬度會較廣，而可更忠實再 現輸入信號。第9圖之木製者很容易配合其固定振動 頻率而振動，對錐形震膜紙之膜面的動作會造成不良 影響。 第4圖所示之小型揚聲器1中，凸狀塑性變形之泡 沬金屬體16係以覆蓋箱框17 —亦即擋板10之正面方 式裝設。泡沬金屬體16之表觀密度爲1.0以下，係由 多數細長鎳片以橫向隨機延設方式結合而成，整體構 成爲立體之網目形狀，其厚度約達2mm。 泡沫金屬體1 6係以第1 0圖中槪略圖示之電鍍反應 裝置25所製成。反應裝置25中，陰極之金屬板26上 張貼連續氣泡之苯乙烯板27,27，該金屬板係具有高鎳 剝離性之材料，且實施表面處理使其具有更高之剝離 -19- 552820 五、發明說明（18) 性。另一方面，陽極爲鎳板28，鎳電鍍槽含有硫酸 鎳、氯化鎳、硼酸、及配位劑等。 反應裝置25中，使用外部電源29施加一定電位， 在陰極方面，因爲溶液內部會產生鎳離子擴散並通過 苯乙烯板27之氣泡接近電極界面，陰極接收電子並還 原成金屬鎳。此時，因爲金屬鎳只存在於苯乙烯板 27，27之氣泡部分，會沿著該氣泡部分以隨機方式成長 並結合。金屬鎳之析出若達到數毫米，則取出陰極， 將苯乙烯板27，27從金屬板26上剝離，並除去苯乙烯 成分。經過適當之表面整修，即可得到平板狀之泡沬 金屬體1 6。泡沬金屬體1 6可以利用壓模或人工實 施凸狀之塑性變形。 泡沬金屬體1 6被利用爲控制音源之強度分布及相位 的聲波透鏡，可以適度擴散產生之聲音的指向性。揚 聲器單元34所發出的聲波，因爲泡沬金屬體16之不 規則孔而在網面上形成新的聲波面。從此聲波面會產 生穿過泡沬金屬體1 6之氣孔並直進的聲波、衝擊該網 而反射之聲波、以及衝擊氣孔之境界面而朝各種不同 方向反射之聲波。又，因爲泡沬金屬體1 6雖然很輕卻 是硬質材料，故聲波不會被泡沬金屬體1 6吸收，而會 在不改變音質的情形下通過。亦即，揚聲器發出的聲 波會到達網面，並因產生直進、反射等而擴散，故從 網面會朝外側空間擴散。揚聲器發出之聲波雖然具有 -20- 552820 五、發明說明（19) 若干指向性或頻率之電平差等’ 一旦經過泡沬金屬體 1 6後，就會在不改變音質之情形下’成爲朝廣大範圍 擴散之安定聲波。 針對裝設泡沬金屬體1 6之揚聲器’調查受音點之方 向爲揚聲器正面（〇度）、傾斜30度、60度之頻率特 1生，並針對沒有該泡沬體之同一揚聲器，調查沒有泡 沬金屬體1 6時之0度、3 0度、及60度之頻率特性， 同時將二者進行比較。頻率特性雖然依存於泡沬金屬 體1 6之氣孔大小及數量，但在低音域卻明顯出現差 異。有泡沬金屬體16之揚聲器在0度〜60度間，輸 出音壓電平會呈階段性下降，相對於此，沒有該氣泡 體之揚聲器，在30度時之低音域的輸出音壓電平就會 昇高，產生缺乏安定性之聲波。 第5圖係本發明之其他變形實例，揚聲器單元34之 圓錐形框架36嵌入擋板50之中心孔51內，多孔質燒 結體2之固定構件12位於揚聲器單元34之凸緣部42 的後面、以及擋板5 0之前面之間，在圓周方向實施3 點或4點之螺栓固定或黏結固定。擋板50通常爲木製 或金屬製。固定構件1 2爲矩形剖面時之內徑大致和擋 板50之中心孔5 1相同的環狀體，係由多孔質燒結體 之單體或複數種小皮片之組合所構成。固定構件1 2亦 具有使揚聲器單元34配置於更前方之機能。 第6圖所示之固定構件14係位於擋板52及箱框17 -21 - 552820 五、發明說明（2〇) 間，該擋板通常爲木製或金屬製。圓錐形之框架36插 入擋板5 2之中心孔5 3內，前緣圓周端之凸緣部42及 前方圓周面固定裝設於擋板52之中心孔53。固定構 件14係由和擋板52大致相同厚度之、矩形剖面爲細 長板狀體所組合而成，擋板52之外緣面及箱框1 7之 內壁間，以上下面互相黏結或分別以金屬夾具或螺栓 進行固定。膠合板54主要以裝飾爲目的，配置於擋板 之前方。 固定構件12，14會吸收從錐形震膜紙35傳達至揚聲 器單元34之框架36的機械振動。固定構件12，1 4在 錐形震膜紙依據放大器傳來之聲音信號振動時，並不 會將該錐形震膜紙傳來之機械振動傳至箱框1 7，故機 械振動不會和聲波互相合成。因此，此揚聲器之低音 域的音壓電平會上昇，可聽頻帶之音壓電平則接*** 坦，而有較佳之揚聲器特性。固定構件1 4因無法避免 擋板本身之機械振動，故有時該擋板所產生之振動聲 音會產生若干不良影響。 在第1 1圖之實例中，係針對市販之口徑38反射揚 聲器（UREI製，811B型）的揚聲器單元，進行其圓錐形 框架及外殼間設有多孔質燒結體2之固定構件1 2時、 以及無多孔質燒結體2之固定構件1 2時（原型狀態）進 行比較。頻率特性之測量結果，有固定構件1 2時，音 壓電平在頻率40〜50Hz以下之低音域會上昇。因高振 -22- 552820 五、發明說明（21) 動衰減性之硬質多孔質燒結體2會吸收揚聲器單元本 身之機械振動，故箱鳴等並不會傳達至外殼一亦即， 揚聲器箱，前述音壓電平上昇係錐形震膜紙之膜面對 應低頻帶之信號聲音而精確振動之結果。結果，此揚 聲器之可聽頻帶的音壓電平會接***坦，故有整體較 佳之揚聲器特性。另一方面，原型狀態時，錐形震膜 紙之音響振動的反作用會傳達至揚聲器單元之框架， 且會再傳至箱框，故箱整體會因機械振動而搖動。此 種箱搖動，會抵銷來自錐形震膜紙之聲音的低頻，低 音域之音壓電平會降低，而處於無法精確再生低音域 之狀況。 圖上雖然並未標示，仍然可知口徑30 cm的揚聲器 (JBL製）在70Hz以下之頻率時音壓電平會上昇。如上 面所述，可以將剛性之多孔質燒結體當做追加固定構 件裝設於市販之揚聲器上，亦可採將揚聲器單元當做 一構件固定於外殼的預先組合方式。另外，針對口徑 l〇cm之揚聲器，將多孔質燒結體之固定構件和木製之 固定構件進行比較，音壓電平在大約200Hz以下之低 音域會上昇。 第12圖係以前後方式組合著2台揚聲器單元55，5 6 之揚聲器57的實例。揚聲器單元55，56通常擁有相同 之形狀及機能，具有覆蓋錐形震膜紙（圖上未標示）整 體之圓錐形的框架5 8,59，該框架之平坦頂部則固定著552820 V. Description of the invention (8) The logarithmic damping rate of the free damping vibration of the substance, and the Young's modulus are the tensile or compressive stress in the solid and the deformation ratio in that direction. When the vibration damping ratio is less than or equal to 0.01, the sound in the low range is easily deformed. When the Young's modulus is less than 5.0 X 109N / m2, long and continuous microvibrations will occur, making the sound cloudy. It is better to have a vibration damping ratio of more than 0.03 and a Young's modulus of 7.0 X 109N / m2 or more. In this range, more faithful sound signal reproduction can be obtained, and a clearer bass range and ultra-high Regeneration of the bass range. Figure 1 is a graph showing the vibration damping rate and Young's modulus range of various vibration-controlling materials. In Fig. 1, a vibration damping metal having a vibration damping ratio of 0.001 or more and a Young's modulus of 5.0 X 109 N / m2 or more is a porous sintered body 2 having different internal and external pore sizes, and Fe- As examples, Al-based vibration-damping alloy 3 (trade name: M2052, manufactured by Thermal Science Laboratory) and powder-metallurgical method of Al-Si-based vibration-damping alloy 4 (manufactured by SUISAKU Co., Ltd.) are not listed. Metal can also be used as long as it has a specific vibration damping rate and Young's modulus. Because the vibration damping rate of the aforementioned damping metal is above 0.01, in addition to having the same sound absorption effect as traditional sound-absorbing materials such as glass fiber and insulating paper, the Young's modulus is 5.0 XI 09N / m2 or more, so it has rigidity, but It can absorb vibration with displacement, such as rubber or spring. When the vibration-controlling metal performs acoustic vibration on the cone-shaped diaphragm film of the speaker unit, the cone-shaped diaphragm film will prevent the mechanical vibration of the frame of the speaker unit at the same time as the cone-shaped diaphragm film vibrates. -10- 552820 V. Description of the invention (9) Therefore, mechanical vibration will not be transmitted to the speaker unit and the frame. The porous sintered body 2 having desired physical properties is a metal product invented by the present inventor, and is a rigid product having a rough surface. It is produced by directly applying heat to metal thin pieces such as cast iron or aluminum and simultaneously pressing them. Cheng (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-52528, US Patent No. 4,443,404, and Japanese Patent No. 3259006). The porous sintered body 2 is a sound-absorbing material, which can absorb sound waves with a high energy frequency, and is a hard material different from the conventional glass fiber and insulating paper. As shown in Fig. 2, when the sound wave contacts the porous sintered body 2 as shown by arrow a, it will be absorbed by the depression of the outer surface 5 with larger pores, as shown by arrows b and b. The inside 6 is compressed, becomes minimal heat and is released to the outside. Generally, the porous sintered body 2 is formed into a flat plate shape by using metal chips having a particle size of 6 to 50 sieve, and heating and pressing. When this forming is performed, the surface of each metal chip will be melted and the chips will be fused together. At the same time, heat will remain inside the sintered body and cool, so the pores on the outer surface 5 will be sparse and the pores on the inner 6 will be less. (See Figure 2). The porous sintered body 2 may be composed of a single or two or more kinds of metal fragments. This metal chip is a metal powder, a chip, or the like. Even if it is an alloy containing two metal components, it may be formed by mixing a plurality of metal chips of different shapes and types. Examples of this metal chip are iron-based metals such as cast iron chips, carbon steel sheets, and stainless steel sheets, such as aluminum powder-11-552820 5. Description of the invention (10) Aluminum-based metals and copper-based alloys cut by Al-Si alloy Metals, and titanium-based metals such as titanium powder. The porous sintered body 2 can be integrated with a small amount of glass granules, ferrous granulated iron powders, clay powders, and / or thermosetting resins in addition to metal fragments. The thermosetting resin-based epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenol resin, diallyl phthalate resin, and the like may be added by mixing other additives. Even if the porous sintered body 2 contains a small amount of ceramics, synthetic resins, or the like, it can exhibit desired vibration-proof properties due to integration. In the porous sintered body 2, the above-mentioned additives are sufficient to maintain the porosity as a whole at about 10% by weight or less, and at 10 to 25% by weight, vibration attenuation is slightly reduced. In the porous sintered body 2, if the content of the metal chips is about 75% by weight or more as a whole, it can be used as a vibration-preventing metal, and high-performance speakers requiring high vibration damping ratio are preferably about 90% by weight or more. The porous sintered body 2 is manufactured using, for example, a molding device (not shown in the figure) having a rectangular box-shaped box, and the box is filled with mixed metal fragments. In this molding device, a pair of rectangular electrode plates with the same surface area are arranged opposite to each other on a horizontal ceramic plate, and a pair of rectangular heat-resistant side walls are provided perpendicular to the electrode plates to form a box. One end of the electrode plate is connected to a wire from a low voltage transformer, and the other end of the electrode plate is also connected to a wire. -12- 552820 V. Description of the invention (11) The metal fragments of the raw materials are put into the mold box in an approximately equal manner, and then the stamper is lowered, heated and pressurized by a high current of thousands of amperes to form a flat plate. During the sintering process, a high current of up to 8000 amps flows through the metal fragments for heating forming, and the voltage is generally 20 volts. At this time, although the heating temperature in the box will reach around 1 000 ° C, there is almost no volume diffusion due to high current flowing. In addition, the phenomenon of spheroidization of voids, reduction and disappearance of fine voids does not occur, and the contact portions between metal fragments are partially melted and combined with each other. The obtained sintered plate can be repaired to make it a rectangular plate with a central hole and used directly as a baffle. For smaller fixed members, it can also be moderately cut and refurbished and polished on one or both sides. , And then combine them into a ring to use. In addition, when used as a baffle or a fixed member, the surface of the sintered plate may be provided with a thin cover layer having a thickness of several mm, and the thin cover layer may be composed of, for example, synthetic resin, metal, or general ceramic. The sintered plate can also be applied to the frame of a speaker unit by using the heating state before cooling or re-heating and forming into a body shape. The general speaker 1 or the woofer may be a porous sintered body 2, a Fe-Al based vibrating alloy 3, or an Al-Si based vibrating alloy 4, which is appropriately selected in accordance with the use site of the damping metal. For example, the frame 8 of the speaker unit 7 in FIG. 3 is preferably made of a vibration-controlling alloy 3, 4 that can be easily three-dimensionally formed. If only the flange portion of the frame is used, -13-552820 can be used. ) Either a porous sintered body 2 or a vibration-damping alloy 3, 4 is used. As the baffle 10 shown in Fig. 4 and the fixing members 1 2, 1 4 shown in Figs. 5 and 6, either a flat porous sintered body 2 or a vibration-damping alloy 3, 4 can be used. The flat plate-shaped vibration-damping metal can be regarded as a baffle 10 or a fixing member 12 or 14 and fixed by bonding or bolting. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a porous sintered body used in the present invention. The fixing members 12 and 14 are generally annular bodies with a rectangular or L-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. 5. Although only a part of the annular body is a damping metal, as long as the damping metals of the small plates are dispersedly arranged on the circumference The direction is fine. To meet the needs, the universal speaker 1 can also cover the box frame 17—that is, the front surface of the baffle plate 10, and a convex plastic deformed metal body 16 (FIG. 4) is installed. The foamed metal body 16 is a metal plate having a thickness of several millimeters and formed by irregular and large continuous pores as a whole. Foam metal body 16 is usually made of nickel with small electromagnetic wave blocking, and it is necessary to use a matching metal for the position where electromagnetic wave blocking is required. The foam metal body 16 has an apparent density of ι · 〇 or less, and is composed of a plurality of elongated metal linear bodies extending randomly in the lateral direction. The overall structure is a three-dimensional, relatively hard mesh shape. The electroplating reaction device 25 shown is made. As shown in Figure 7, the speaker characteristic measurement of the present invention does not use the traditional fixed-state scanning method, but uses the pulse input method. The fixed-state scanning method only uses the level variation of each frequency as the speaker characteristic. Phase -14- 552820 V. Description of the invention (13) For this, the pulse input method is a time-domain measurement. If the pulse input method adopts the FFT method as shown in Figures 13 and 22 to 24, the speaker characteristics are not just the pulse response in the time domain (a). If the base levels are the same, the phase information can be implemented. Comparison of propagation functions in band (b). The input signal uses a rectangular wave pulse with a width of 50 microseconds. A certain characteristic is obtained in a frequency band up to about 10 kHz of this signal, but at 20 kHz, the level may fall significantly. In Fig. 7, the rectangular wave pulse of the input signal recorded on the CD-ROM is amplified by the audio amplifier 18 and supplied to the speaker 19. The sound waves emitted from the speakers are recorded in the DAT (digital audio tape recorder 0) from the microphone 20 via the amplifier 21, and then the DAT is reproduced, analyzed by an FFT analyzer, and the data is organized by a personal computer 24. The measurement room is located in Suitaya In the company's factory, in order to counteract the interference, in order to obtain a more accurate SN ratio, the measurement result is obtained by performing an average (additional average) of at least 100 times or more. Because the direct sound from the speaker is used for data processing Object, so the sound reflected from the floor, wall, and ceiling will be removed. However, direct sound for a sufficient length of time can still be obtained, and the following experiments all adopt this method. Second, the present invention will be described using examples. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. For the small speaker 1 shown in FIG. 4 and the like, it is only necessary to arrange the speaker unit 7 shown in FIG. 3 in a box-shaped box frame. -15- 552820 V. Description of the invention (14) The speaker unit 7 generally has a frame 8, and the aforementioned frame 8 has a cover 30 covering the whole cone-shaped diaphragm 30. A conical hole, the flat top of the frame is fixedly provided with a magnet portion 32. Inside the magnet portion 32, a cylindrical exciting coil (not shown in the figure) is installed, and the center top of the cone-shaped diaphragm 30 is adhered to the line. On one side, the cone-shaped diaphragm is audibly vibrated at the same time as the excitation coil. The ring-shaped edge of the cone-shaped diaphragm 30 is stuck to the ring-shaped inner edge of the frame 8 and the cone-shaped diaphragm is attached in this way. Paper can generate sound in a stable manner. The vibration-damping metal frame 8 is composed of a vibration-damping alloy 4 (see Fig. 1) that is relatively easy to three-dimensionally form. The vibration-damping alloy is used to form a thin hollow cone. The front end of the conical frame 8 has a flange portion 33 at the circumferential end. The flange portion 33 is fixedly installed on a baffle plate (not shown in the figure) with a circular hole, and the fixing method is bolted or bonded. Generally, The flange portion 3 is preferably bolted at three points at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the baffle plate. The outer shape of the baffle plate is a rectangle approximately the same as the inner size of the box frame. Adhesive method, fixed to the vertical The inner wall of the box frame. In addition, in the speaker unit, only the flange portion 33 of the frame 8 is made of a vibration-preventing metal 4, and other cone portions of the frame may be made of general metal. In the frame 8, the flange portion 33 and The other conical parts can also be integrated by welding or adhesive. The speaker unit 34 shown in Fig. 4 is arranged in the box-shaped box frame 17 in the small speaker 1. The speaker unit 34 has a frame-16-552820 V. Description of the invention (15) 36, the aforementioned frame 36 has a conical hole covering the whole conical diaphragm film 35, and the flat top of the frame is fixedly provided with a magnet portion 38. The tapered diaphragm film 3 5 will Acoustic vibration is generated at the same time as the excitation coil in the magnet part 38. The baffle 10 is a porous sintered body 2 using a vibration-preventing metal (see FIG. 2). The conical frame 36 is inserted into the center hole 40 of the baffle plate 10, and the flange portion 42 at the peripheral end of the front edge is fixedly installed on the baffle plate 10, and the fixing method is bolted or bonded. An annular groove 44 is formed in the baffle 10, so that the flange portion 42 can be fitted to the front inner edge of the center hole 40. The plane shape of the baffle 10 is a rectangle approximately the same as the inner size of the box frame 17, and it is fixed to the inner wall of the box frame in a vertical direction by a metal clamp or a bonding method. The flange portion 42 of the flange portion 36 is preferably bolted to the baffle 10 at three points at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The box-shaped box frame 17 and the baffle 10 together constitute a speaker box. The side wall is provided with a through hole 46 for heat dissipation, and the rear wall of the box frame is provided with a socket 47 for a connector. It is preferable to set the base 48 so that the box frame 17 faces upward. The molding device used in manufacturing the porous sintered body 2 shown in FIG. 2 is not shown in the figure, and is used on a horizontal ceramic plate. A pair of rectangular electrode plates having the same surface area are arranged in a relative manner, and a pair of rectangular heat-resistant side walls is formed in a manner perpendicular to the electrode plates. The dimensions of this box are 67 5 X 675mm at bottom and 15 reflections at height. Inserting a thermocouple into a horizontal ceramic plate can measure the temperature in the box type -17- 552820 V. Description of the invention (16). The bottom surface of this box type is flattened with a demoulding plate, on which 17 kg of cast iron (FC-25, content: about 3.5% carbon, about 2.5% silicon, about 0.5% manganese) chips are evenly tiled to 30mm. Thickness, and then stripped off the template. In the aforementioned molding apparatus, while the ceramic stamping die is lowered, the power is turned on until the current rises to 5000 amperes, and the stamper is continuously lowered and pressurized. When the pressure is continuously increased to 210 kg / reflection 2, the current passing through the box type also rapidly rises from 0 to 5000 amps, and then the current continues to rise slowly. After the pressure is applied, it can reach 6400 amps within 10 to 12 minutes. Since the current reaches equilibrium at 6400 amps, at this time, the stamping die is raised and the sintered plate is taken out for cooling. This sintered plate is appropriately cut, machined, and refurbished to obtain a baffle 10. The obtained porous sintered body 2 has a porosity of about 50%, and in terms of thickness direction, a number of pores on the outer surface are relatively sparse and pores on the inside are dense. Porous sintered body 2 is a vibrating metal with a vibration damping ratio (η) = 0.14 and a Young's modulus of 1.2 × 10 01 QN / m2. In the small speaker 1, since the speaker unit 34 is installed on the box frame 17 using the baffle 10 of the porous sintered body 2, the reaction of the acoustic vibration of the cone-shaped diaphragm film ... the mechanical vibration is transmitted to the frame 36 'block. The porous sintered body 2 of the plate 10 can also absorb this mechanical vibration. When the cone-shaped diaphragm film 35 vibrates according to the acoustic signal of the amplifier, the baffle 10 will not transmit the machinery transmitted from the cone-shaped diaphragm film to the box frame 17. -18- 552820 V. Description of the invention (17) In the experimental example in which the baffle of cast iron porous sintered body 2 is installed on a 3 inch reflective speaker, the time domain of the speaker characteristics is shown in FIG. 8. Fig. 9 shows a comparative example in which a wooden baffle is installed on a reflection speaker of 3 on. In Fig. 8, the positive spike 値 after the first * negative spike 値 is approximately 20 dB larger than that in Fig. 9. Since the cast iron porous sintered body 2 used in Fig. 8 has a high vibration damping rate and is a rigid material, the speaker unit 34 can be securely fixed. The porous sintered body 2 of cast iron can absorb more of the mechanical vibration of the unit 34 when the diaphragm surface of the tapered diaphragm film vibrates, so the tapered diaphragm film 35 The movement of the film surface will be smoother, the width of the amplitude will be wider, and the input signal can be reproduced more faithfully. The wooden figure in Figure 9 can easily vibrate in accordance with its fixed vibration frequency, which will adversely affect the motion of the film surface of the cone-shaped diaphragm. In the small-sized speaker 1 shown in FIG. 4, the convexly plastically deformed cymbal metal body 16 is installed in such a manner as to cover the front face of the box frame 17-that is, the baffle plate 10. The apparent density of the foamed metal body 16 is 1.0 or less, which is formed by combining most of the elongated nickel pieces in a lateral random extension manner. The overall structure is a three-dimensional mesh shape with a thickness of about 2 mm. The foamed metal body 16 is made of a plating reaction device 25, which is not shown in the drawing in FIG. In the reaction device 25, continuous-bubble styrene plates 27, 27 are affixed to the metal plate 26 of the cathode. The metal plate is a material with high nickel peelability, and surface treatment is performed to make it have higher peeling. 19- 552820 5 , Description of the invention (18). On the other hand, the anode is a nickel plate 28, and the nickel plating bath contains nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, boric acid, a complexing agent, and the like. In the reaction device 25, an external power source 29 is used to apply a certain potential. As for the cathode, nickel ions diffuse inside the solution and approach the electrode interface through the bubbles of the styrene plate 27. The cathode receives electrons and is reduced to metallic nickel. At this time, because metallic nickel exists only in the bubble portions of the styrene plates 27, 27, they will grow and combine in a random manner along the bubble portions. When the precipitation of metallic nickel reaches several millimeters, the cathode is taken out, the styrene plates 27, 27 are peeled from the metal plate 26, and the styrene component is removed. After proper surface modification, a flat foam metal body 16 can be obtained. The foamed metal body 16 can be subjected to convex plastic deformation using a stamper or artificially. The foam metal body 16 is used as an acoustic wave lens for controlling the intensity distribution and phase of the sound source, and can appropriately diffuse the directivity of the sound produced. The acoustic wave emitted from the speaker unit 34 forms a new acoustic wave surface on the mesh surface due to the irregular holes of the foamed metal body 16. From this surface, sound waves that pass through the pores of the foamed metal body 16 and go straight, sonic waves that hit the net and are reflected, and sonic waves that impact the boundary interface of the pores and are reflected in various directions. In addition, since the foamed metal body 16 is a light material but is a hard material, sound waves are not absorbed by the foamed metal body 16 and can pass through without changing the sound quality. That is, the sound waves emitted by the speakers will reach the mesh surface and diffuse due to the direct progress, reflection, etc., so the sound waves will spread from the mesh surface to the outer space. Although the sound wave from the speaker has -20- 552820 V. Description of the invention (19) Some directivity or frequency level difference, etc. Once the metal body 16 is passed through the foam, it will become the direction without changing the sound quality. A wide range of stable sound waves. For the speakers with a metallic body 16, the direction of the sound receiving point is the frequency of the front of the speaker (0 degrees), a slope of 30 degrees, and 60 degrees, and for the same speaker without the body, investigate There are no frequency characteristics of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees of the foamed metal body at 16 and the two are compared at the same time. Although the frequency characteristics depend on the size and number of the pores of the foam metal body 16, there are obvious differences in the bass range. In the case of a speaker with a bubble metal body 16 between 0 and 60 degrees, the output sound pressure level will decrease in stages. In contrast, a speaker without the bubble body will have a piezoelectric sound output in the low range at 30 degrees. The level will rise, producing sound waves that lack stability. FIG. 5 is another modified example of the present invention. The conical frame 36 of the speaker unit 34 is fitted into the center hole 51 of the baffle 50. The fixing member 12 of the porous sintered body 2 is located behind the flange portion 42 of the speaker unit 34. And between the front surface of the baffle 50, 3 points or 4 points are bolted or bonded in the circumferential direction. The baffle 50 is usually made of wood or metal. When the fixing member 12 has a rectangular cross-section, the inner diameter is substantially the same as that of the center hole 51 of the baffle plate 50, and is composed of a single porous porous body or a combination of a plurality of small skins. The fixing member 12 also has a function of disposing the speaker unit 34 further forward. The fixing member 14 shown in Fig. 6 is located between the baffle 52 and the box frame 17-21-552820. 5. Description of the invention (20), the baffle is usually made of wood or metal. The conical frame 36 is inserted into the center hole 53 of the baffle plate 52, and the flange portion 42 at the peripheral end of the leading edge and the front circumferential surface are fixedly installed in the center hole 53 of the baffle plate 52. The fixing member 14 is a combination of a slender plate-shaped body with a rectangular cross-section that is approximately the same thickness as the baffle 52. The outer edge surface of the baffle 52 and the inner wall of the box frame 17 are bonded to each other above or below. Metal clamps or bolts for fixing. The plywood 54 is mainly arranged for decoration, and is arranged in front of the baffle. The fixing members 12, 14 absorb mechanical vibrations transmitted from the tapered diaphragm 35 to the frame 36 of the speaker unit 34. When the fixing members 12, 1 4 vibrate according to the sound signal from the amplifier, the mechanical vibration from the cone diaphragm is not transmitted to the box frame 17, so the mechanical vibration will not The sound waves are synthesized with each other. Therefore, the sound pressure level in the low range of this speaker will rise, and the sound pressure level in the audible band will be close to flat, with better speaker characteristics. Since the fixing member 14 cannot avoid the mechanical vibration of the baffle itself, the vibration sound generated by the baffle sometimes has some adverse effects. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the fixing unit 12 with a porous sintered body 2 between the conical frame and the housing is used for a speaker unit of a commercially available caliber 38 reflection speaker (made by UREI, type 811B). The comparison was made between the fixed member 12 (prototype state) without the porous sintered body 2. As a result of the measurement of the frequency characteristics, when the fixed member 12 is provided, the sound pressure level rises in the low frequency range below a frequency of 40 to 50 Hz. Gao Zhen-22- 552820 V. Description of the invention (21) Dynamically attenuated rigid porous sintered body 2 will absorb the mechanical vibration of the speaker unit itself, so the box noise and so on will not be transmitted to the shell, that is, the speaker box, The aforementioned rise in sound pressure level is a result of the precise vibration of the film surface of the cone-shaped diaphragm film corresponding to the low-frequency signal sound. As a result, the sound pressure level of the audible frequency band of the speaker will be nearly flat, so it has better overall speaker characteristics. On the other hand, in the prototype state, the reaction of the acoustic vibration of the cone diaphragm paper is transmitted to the frame of the speaker unit, and then to the box frame, so the whole box will be shaken by mechanical vibration. This kind of box shaking will offset the low frequency of the sound from the cone diaphragm paper, and the sound pressure level in the low range will be reduced, and the low range cannot be accurately reproduced. Although it is not shown in the figure, it is still known that the sound pressure level of a speaker with a diameter of 30 cm (made by JBL) will rise at a frequency below 70 Hz. As described above, a rigid porous sintered body can be mounted on a commercially available speaker as an additional fixing member, or a pre-assembly method in which the speaker unit is fixed to the housing as a component can be adopted. In addition, for a speaker with a diameter of 10 cm, comparing a fixed member of a porous sintered body with a fixed member of wood, the sound pressure level rises in a low sound range below about 200 Hz. Fig. 12 shows an example of a speaker 57 in which two speaker units 55, 5 6 are combined in a front-to-back manner. The speaker units 55 and 56 usually have the same shape and function. They have a conical frame 5 8,59 covering the entire cone-shaped diaphragm (not shown), and the flat top of the frame is fixed.
-23- 552820 五、發明說明（22) 磁體部60,61。磁體部60,61之附近裝設著圓筒形之聲 圈（圖上未標示），錐形震膜紙之中央頂部黏貼於該線 圈上，錐形震膜紙會和線圈同時實施音響振動。 前方單元55之框架58***擋板62之中心孔63 內，前緣圓周端之凸緣部42以黏結或螺栓固定於擋板 62。檔板62上會形成環狀溝65，可使凸緣部64嵌合 於中心孔63之前方內緣。擋板62之平面形狀爲和箱 框66之內部尺寸大致相同的矩形。另一方面，後方單 元56之框架59的凸緣部70會嵌於形成於擋板67之 中心孔63後方內緣的環狀溝69，並以黏結或螺栓固 定。檔板62,67則係以薄薄的樹脂覆蓋特定形狀之多 孔質燒結體而成。 擋板62，67之間配置著和該擋板大致相同形狀及相 同厚度之2片木質板7 1，7 1。4片板以密接方式黏結， 並以垂直方式利用金屬夾具或黏結固定於箱框之內側 壁。稍爲細長箱形之箱框66和擋板62,67共同構成揚 聲器箱，其側壁設有散熱用之貫通孔72，箱框後壁上 則裝有連接器之插座73。 揚聲器57中，即使錐形震膜紙之音響振動的反作用 傳達至揚聲器單元5 5,5 6的框架5 8,59，該機械振動亦 會被擋板62,67之多孔質燒結體吸收，會對揚聲器單 元55，56輸入相同之聲音信號，兩揚聲器單元會同時 以同相位實施音響振動。因爲此種動作環境，前方錐-23- 552820 V. Description of the invention (22) Magnet section 60,61. A cylindrical voice coil (not shown in the figure) is installed near the magnet parts 60 and 61. The central top of the tapered diaphragm paper is adhered to the coil. The tapered diaphragm paper and the coil perform acoustic vibration at the same time. The frame 58 of the front unit 55 is inserted into the center hole 63 of the baffle 62, and the flange portion 42 at the peripheral end of the front edge is fixed to the baffle 62 by bonding or bolting. An annular groove 65 is formed in the baffle plate 62, and the flange portion 64 can be fitted to the inner edge of the front side of the center hole 63. The planar shape of the baffle 62 is a rectangle that is substantially the same as the internal dimensions of the box frame 66. On the other hand, the flange portion 70 of the frame 59 of the rear unit 56 is fitted into an annular groove 69 formed at the inner edge of the rear edge of the center hole 63 of the baffle 67 and is fixed by bonding or bolts. The baffles 62, 67 are formed by covering a porous porous sintered body of a specific shape with a thin resin. Between the baffle plates 62 and 67, two wooden boards 7 1, 7 and 1 having the same shape and the same thickness as the baffle plate are arranged. The four plates are bonded tightly, and are fixed to the box by a metal fixture or bonding in a vertical manner. Inside wall of the box. The slightly elongated box-shaped box frame 66 and the baffles 62 and 67 together form a speaker box. The side wall is provided with a through hole 72 for heat dissipation, and the rear wall of the box frame is provided with a connector socket 73. In the speaker 57, even if the reaction of the acoustic vibration of the cone diaphragm paper is transmitted to the frame 5 8, 59 of the speaker unit 5 5, 5 6, the mechanical vibration will be absorbed by the porous sintered body of the baffle 62, 67 and will The same sound signal is input to the speaker units 55 and 56, and the two speaker units simultaneously perform acoustic vibration in the same phase. Because of this action environment, the front cone
-24- 552820 五、發明說明（23) 形震膜紙之膜面會對應後方錐形震膜紙之振動而更容 易實施自由的音響振動。口徑較小之揚聲器中，不易 精確地實施低音域之再生，相對於此，2相連單元之 揚聲器57中，確認低音域之音壓電平會上昇。 從第13圖至第17圖中，實驗使用之揚聲器單元皆 爲同一口徑l〇cm，各揚聲器會無泡沬金屬體74之狀 態。第1 3圖係單揚聲器及雙揚聲器之揚聲器特性的比 較，單揚聲器係使用1台揚聲器，雙揚聲器則如前面 所述，係使用2台相連揚聲器單元，其他部分之構造 則相同。第13圖中，單揚聲器之低音域音壓電平會上 昇，而雙揚聲器之低音域音壓電平的上昇則更大於單 揚聲器。 第14圖之同一構造的2台雙揚聲器中，一方使用多 孔質燒結體（商品名稱：RASUKUK拉斯庫）（譯音）之擋 板，另一方則使用木製之擋板，進行各頻率特性之比 較。由第14圖可知，使用多孔質燒結體擋板之雙揚聲 器在低音域再生時，其音壓電平遠大於木製之擋板。 第15圖及第16圖係口徑l〇cm之2台不同揚聲器 單元的頻率特性，兩揚聲器單元在高音域皆呈現較大 傾斜（下滑）。而第1 7圖則爲以直列配置2台此種揚聲 器單元之雙揚聲器的頻率特性。兩揚聲器雖然在高音 域皆會產生傾斜，若爲第1 7圖之雙揚聲器，則低音域 之音壓電平會更爲上昇，而具有高音域之音壓更爲安 -25- 552820 五、發明說明（24) 定之特性。由第1 3圖至第1 7圖可知，使用多孔質燒 結體之擋板的雙揚聲器，其低音域之音壓電平上昇會 大於一般之揚聲器，使用2台不同揚聲器單元時，具 有可互補各單元之缺點的特性。 第18圖之揚聲器75，以垂直方式組合前方之揚聲 器單元76，而以水平方式組合後方之揚聲器單元77。 揚聲器單元76,77通常具有相同形狀及機能。前方單 元76之框架78，固定於覆蓋著樹脂之多孔質燒結體 擋板79上。箱框80環繞於前方單元77之後方，後方 單元77之框架內的錐形震膜紙（圖上未標示）會在此密 閉空間81內形成切口。後方單元76之框架82，固定 於覆蓋著樹脂之多孔質燒結體擋板83，而該擋板83 則以水平方式配置於揚聲器單元77之下方，並以金屬 夾具或黏結固定於箱框80之內緣壁。 揚聲器75和第12圖所示之揚聲器57相同，錐形震 膜紙之音響振動的反作用即使傳達至框架78,82，該機 械振動會爲擋板79,83之多孔質燒結體吸收，同時， 因爲兩揚聲器單元76,77之振動爲前後但同步，故可 有效減衰此機械振動。揚聲器75係縱長型，因爲形狀 和傳統揚聲器相似，故用途上不會受到很多限制。 第1 9圖至第2 1圖係對應車載揚聲器之設置位置所 描繪之音線圖，將第4圖所示之揚聲器1進行適當變 形及小型化，適合車載揚聲器之用途。而可設置之揚 -26- 552820 五、發明說明（25) 聲器’亦可以通常之揚聲器取代揚聲器1。亦可爲圖 12所示之2台揚聲器單元相連組合的揚聲器等。 第19圖中，揚聲器84,84係以向前方式設置於汽車 86之駕駛座87及前側座88的下方，位於座椅下之中 心或中央稍爲靠近前方的位置。揚聲器84,84之正面 若以水平方向配列於駕駛座8 7及前側座8 8之下方， 則來自兩揚聲器之直接聲音幾乎全部會在車內前方產 生反射，故車內人員之可聽聲音以間接聲音爲主。若 收斂此間接聲音，則虛擬音像90,90會位於汽車之前 方。 在第20圖中，揚聲器91，91係以向後方式設置對應 於汽車86之駕駛座87及前側座88的儀表板下方。揚 聲器91，91之正面若以水平方向配列，則來自兩揚聲 器之直接聲音的一部分會朝駕駛座87及前側座88方 向呈放射性擴散，但大部分的聲音會到達座椅之下半 部，故很少有直接聽到的情形。直接聲音之大部分會 朝上繞射過儀表板表面，接著在車內前方之擋風玻璃 產生反射，然後又在車內側產生反射，這些間接聲音 就是車內人員的可聽聲音。揚聲器91，91之位置的音 量及淸晰感，會優於揚聲器84,84。 另一方面，第21圖係將2台揚聲器92,92設置於儀 表板之左右的傳統汽車（例如，商品名稱：Corolla(可樂 娜）（譯名））中各揚聲器發出的音線圖。第21圖中，前 -27- 552820 五、發明說明（26) 座之駕駛座87及前側座88可以從近處之揚聲器92聽 到較大的直接聲音，然後從遠處之揚聲器聽到直接聲 音，再聽到在車門、車窗、車頂、後車窗等產生之多 重反射後的聲音。 如第19圖將揚聲器84,84設置於座椅下時，由近處 之揚聲器發出的直接聲音會繞射過座椅最先到達前座 之收聽者，接著，由遠處揚聲器繞射過來的直接聲音 會到達收聽者。亦即，一開始不但可接收到來自近處 之較大直接聲音，亦可聽到繞射過座椅的繞射聲音， 其後，再聽到該繞射聲音從車門或車頂等反射回來之 聲音。另外，未繞射而朝前方之前座足部空間前進之 直接聲音，會以稍慢之反射聲音到達收聽者，此反射 聲音會在車內進行多重反射。第20圖時，最初時雖然 可聽到若干直進之直接聲音，然而，發出此直接聲音 之揚聲器的位置相當遠，故和收聽者聽到有時間差之 聲音相同。 第22圖是在大家熟知之汽車（商品名稱：Corolla(可 樂娜））以第19圖所示方式在座椅下設置揚聲器 84,84，並在前側座測量揚聲器特性之圖表。第23圖 則是在大家熟知之汽車（商品名稱:CELSIOR(施樂事達）) 以第19圖所示方式在座椅下設置揚聲器84,84，並在 前側座測量揚聲器特性之圖表。又，第2 4圖係在 和第2 3圖相同之汽車（商品名稱：C E L S I 0 R)於傳統 -28- 552820 五、發明說明（27) 位置設置多數揚聲器，並在前側座測量揚聲器特性之 圖表。音源則分別爲第7圖所示之矩形波脈衝。 設置於座椅下之揚聲器84,84，在第22(a)圖之時 域，不太大之聲音會最先到達，其後爲某種程度大小 之聲音，形成和第24(a)圖相同之經過擴散的音場。第 22(b)圖之頻帶中，從低音域到3kHz附近爲止，大致 具有平坦之特性，3kHz以後，和第24(b)圖相比，其 音壓電平之下降會較快。第23圖所示之揚聲器特性若 和第22圖相比，則屬相當良好。 至於第24圖所示之揚聲器特性，可知第24(a)圖之 時域，會有相當多之具有較大音壓之直接聲音及反射 聲音到達受音點。較大之直接聲音及反射聲音會隨著 時間經過而變小，而形成擴散之音場。第24(b)圖之頻 帶在1kHz附近，音壓會稍爲上昇，其後從低音域至中 高音域，音壓電平會緩慢下降。所以，設置於其他汽 車（商品名稱：Corolla)之如第21圖所示之傳統位置的 '揚聲器92,92，其揚聲器特性比第24圖所示者更差。 由第19圖至第21圖所示之音線圖、第22圖至第 24圖所示測量値、以及試聽進行判斷，第1 9圖之座 位下時，來自揚聲器84,84之直接聲音無法直接到達 收聽者，到達收聽者之耳朵時已是繞射聲音。經過少 許時間後，朝前向座椅足部前進之直接聲音，會以反 射聲音形態到達受音點。此反射聲音在足部空間內重 複反射的結果，各反射聲音會陸續到達受音點，故音 像會確實定位於座椅之足部前方。頻率特性方面，從 低頻帶到3kHz左右爲止爲平坦之特性，3kHz以上之 高頻帶時則電平會快速下滑，故以耳朵而言，可以形-24- 552820 V. Description of the invention (23) The film surface of the shaped diaphragm film will correspond to the vibration of the rear tapered diaphragm film and it is easier to implement free acoustic vibration. It is difficult to accurately reproduce the bass range in speakers with a small caliber. In contrast, in the speaker 57 of the 2 connected unit, it is confirmed that the sound pressure level in the bass range will increase. From Fig. 13 to Fig. 17, the speaker units used in the experiment are all of the same caliber 10 cm, and each speaker will be in the state of no metal body 74. Figure 13 shows the comparison of the characteristics of the single and dual speakers. The single speaker uses one speaker, and the dual speakers use two connected speaker units, as described above. The other parts have the same structure. In Figure 13, the low-range sound pressure level of a single speaker rises, while the low-range sound pressure level of a dual speaker rises more than a single speaker. Of the two dual speakers of the same structure shown in Figure 14, one uses a porous sintered body (trade name: RASUKUK), and the other uses a wooden one to compare the frequency characteristics. . As can be seen from Fig. 14, when a dual speaker using a porous sintered body baffle is reproduced in the low range, its sound pressure level is much higher than that of a wooden baffle. Figures 15 and 16 show the frequency characteristics of two different speaker units with a diameter of 10 cm. Both speaker units have a large tilt (slide) in the high-frequency range. Figure 17 shows the frequency characteristics of the dual speakers in which two such speaker units are arranged in line. Although both speakers will tilt in the high range, if it is a dual speaker as shown in Figure 17, the sound pressure level in the low range will increase, and the sound pressure in the high range will be more secure-25- 552820 Description of the invention (24). From Figures 13 to 17, it can be seen that the dual speakers using a porous sintered baffle will have a higher sound pressure level in the bass range than ordinary speakers. When two different speaker units are used, they have complementary features. Disadvantages of each unit. The speaker 75 of Fig. 18 combines the front speaker unit 76 vertically and the rear speaker unit 77 horizontally. The speaker units 76 and 77 usually have the same shape and function. The frame 78 of the front unit 76 is fixed to a porous sintered body shutter 79 covered with a resin. The box frame 80 surrounds the rear of the front unit 77, and a tapered diaphragm (not shown) in the frame of the rear unit 77 will form a cut in this closed space 81. The frame 82 of the rear unit 76 is fixed to the porous sintered body baffle 83 covered with resin, and the baffle 83 is horizontally arranged below the speaker unit 77 and fixed to the frame 80 by a metal jig or adhesive. Inner wall. The loudspeaker 75 is the same as the loudspeaker 57 shown in FIG. 12. Even if the acoustic vibration reaction of the cone-shaped diaphragm is transmitted to the frames 78, 82, the mechanical vibration is absorbed by the porous sintered body of the baffles 79, 83. Because the vibration of the two speaker units 76, 77 is front-to-back but synchronized, this mechanical vibration can be effectively attenuated. The speaker 75 is a vertically long type, and since its shape is similar to that of a conventional speaker, its use is not limited. Figures 19 to 21 are phonograms drawn according to the installation position of the car speaker. The speaker 1 shown in Figure 4 is appropriately deformed and miniaturized, which is suitable for the use of car speakers. And can be set up -26- 552820 V. Description of the invention (25) The vocalizer 'can also replace the speaker 1 with a normal speaker. It may also be a speaker or the like in which two speaker units are connected as shown in FIG. 12. In Fig. 19, the speakers 84, 84 are positioned forward under the driver's seat 87 and front side seat 88 of the car 86, and are located slightly near the center or center of the seat. If the front sides of the speakers 84 and 84 are arranged horizontally below the driver's seat 87 and the front side seat 88, almost all direct sound from the two speakers will be reflected in the front of the car, so the audible sound of the people in the car will be Indirect sound is dominant. If this indirect sound is converged, the virtual audio image 90,90 will be located in front of the car. In Fig. 20, the speakers 91, 91 are arranged rearwardly under the instrument panel corresponding to the driver's seat 87 and the front seat 88 of the car 86. If the front sides of the speakers 91 and 91 are arranged in a horizontal direction, part of the direct sound from the two speakers will diffuse to the driver's seat 87 and front side seat 88, but most of the sound will reach the lower half of the seat, so Rarely heard directly. Most of the direct sound will diffract upward through the dashboard surface, and then reflect on the windshield in the front of the car, and then reflect on the inside of the car. These indirect sounds are the audible sound of the people in the car. The volume and clarity of the speakers 91 and 91 are better than those of the speakers 84 and 84. On the other hand, Fig. 21 is a sound line diagram of each speaker in a conventional car (for example, a trade name: Corolla (translated name)) in which two speakers 92 and 92 are installed on the left and right sides of an instrument panel. In Figure 21, front -27- 552820 V. Description of the invention (26) The driver's seat 87 and front side seat 88 can hear a larger direct sound from a nearby speaker 92, and then hear a direct sound from a distant speaker. Then hear the sound of multiple reflections from the doors, windows, roof, rear windows, etc. As shown in Figure 19, when the speakers 84 and 84 are placed under the seat, the direct sound from the nearby speakers will diffract through the listener who first reaches the front seat of the seat, and then, the direct sound from the distant speakers The sound will reach the listener. That is, in the beginning, not only a large direct sound from the vicinity can be received, but also a diffraction sound diffracting through the seat can be heard, and then, the sound of the diffraction sound reflected from the door or roof of the vehicle can be heard again. . In addition, the direct sound that is not diffracted and moves forward to the front foot space will reach the listener with a slightly slower reflected sound. This reflected sound will be reflected multiple times in the car. In Fig. 20, although some direct direct sounds can be heard at first, the loudspeaker that emits this direct sound is quite far away, so it is the same as the sound heard by the listener with a time difference. Fig. 22 is a graph of a well-known car (trade name: Corolla) with speakers 84, 84 placed under the seat as shown in Fig. 19, and the characteristics of the speakers measured in the front seat. Figure 23 is a chart of a well-known car (brand name: Celsior) with speakers 84, 84 under the seat as shown in Figure 19, and the characteristics of the speakers measured in the front side seat. In addition, Fig. 24 shows the same car (trade name: CELSI 0 R) as in Fig. 23 in the traditional -28- 552820. 5. Description of the invention (27) A large number of speakers are installed at the position, and the characteristics of the speakers are measured in the front side seat. chart. The sound sources are rectangular wave pulses as shown in Figure 7. The speakers 84, 84 installed under the seat, in the time domain of Fig. 22 (a), not too loud sounds will arrive first, followed by a certain level of sound, forming the same as Fig. 24 (a) The same diffused sound field. In the frequency band of Fig. 22 (b), it has a flat characteristic from the low frequency range to around 3kHz. After 3kHz, the sound pressure level decreases faster than that of Fig. 24 (b). The characteristics of the loudspeaker shown in Fig. 23 are quite good when compared with Fig. 22. As for the characteristics of the loudspeaker shown in Fig. 24, it can be seen that in the time domain of Fig. 24 (a), there will be quite a lot of direct sounds and reflected sounds with large sound pressure reaching the receiving point. Larger direct sounds and reflected sounds become smaller over time, forming a diffuse sound field. The frequency band in Figure 24 (b) is around 1kHz, and the sound pressure will rise slightly. After that, the sound pressure level will slowly decrease from the low range to the middle and high ranges. Therefore, the speakers 92, 92 installed in the conventional positions of other cars (trade name: Corolla) as shown in Fig. 21 have worse speaker characteristics than those shown in Fig. 24. Judging from the phonograms shown in Figures 19 to 21, the measurement cymbals shown in Figures 22 to 24, and audition, direct sound from speakers 84 and 84 cannot be obtained when the seat in Figure 19 is under the seat. Directly reaching the listener, the sound is already diffracted when it reaches the ear of the listener. After a small amount of time, the direct sound of moving forward toward the seat of the seat will reach the receiving point in the form of a reflected sound. As a result of the repeated reflection of the reflected sound in the foot space, each reflected sound will successively reach the receiving point, so the audio image will be positioned in front of the foot of the seat. In terms of frequency characteristics, it is flat from the low frequency band to about 3 kHz. At high frequency bands above 3 kHz, the level will fall rapidly, so for ears, it can be shaped
-29- 552820 五、發明說明（28) 成充分再生低音域之音場。虛擬音像90,90定位於前 座前方，聲音不會無秩序地亂響，而會感覺到音樂廳 或試聽室之音響。因爲揚聲器之直接聲音不會直接到 達收聽者，故不會產生聲音之壓迫感，而形成柔和且 不會令人疲勞之音場。第20圖之儀表板下時，亦具有 大致相同的效果。 一般之禮堂或演奏廳等的時間音響特性方面’舞台 上演奏之音樂的直接聲音會先傳到觀眾席，接著，一 次反射聲音、二次反射聲音、及三次反射聲音會陸續 傳到觀眾席並補足直接音之音量，利用此方式將聲音 傳送給觀眾，此種方式可以具有豐富之音量及淸晰 感，更有被聲音環繞的感覺。禮堂就是創造此種音響 空間。汽車內因音響空間較小且反射距離較短，直接 聲音、一次反射聲音、二次反射聲音等會同時在很接 近的狀態到達車內的人，車內的人會一次承受到較高 的音壓。 相對於此，以如第19圖所示之方式將揚聲器84,8 4 設置於座椅下，利用以反射音創造虛擬音像90來取代 減少來自兩揚聲器之直接聲音，則車內的人聽到的一 次反射聲音會誤以爲是直接聲音，創造虛擬空間，將 較小之空間擴大爲較大的假空間’第2 0圖的情形亦大 致相同。因此，即使車內亦可創造具有類似禮堂或演 奏廳之時間音響特性的音響空間。 另一方面，第2 1圖之傳統位置時’發自揚聲器 92,92之直接聲音及其反射聲音因沒有時間間隔，故車 內會產生很大的音壓。因此，會被來自無秩序之方向 -30- 552820 五、發明說明（29) 的聲音所包圍，而不得不判斷爲不易進行音像定位 者。其頻率特性方面，在1〜2kHz附近亦可發現電 平上昇，而形成會妨礙聽覺的音場。由此結果可知’ 將採用制振金屬擋板等之揚聲器，以第19圖或第20 圖之方式配置於座椅下或儀表板下，應可視爲具有可 改善車內音場之優良效果。 [產業上之利用可能性] 本發明之通用揚聲器係利用以高振動衰減性之剛性 制振金屬當做揚聲器單元、擋板、或固定構件使用， 可吸收於輸入信號時之揚聲器單元的框架振動，並使 錐形震膜紙之膜面能精確地實施音響振動。又，因爲 多孔質燒結體等之制振金屬的存在，無用之框架振動 不會傳達至擋板或外殻，可對應輸入信號而忠實再現 聲音，並使低音域及超低音域能淸晰再生，進而再生 淸楚而有抑揚高低的聲音。本發明之揚聲器中，尤其 在可聽頻率附近更會呈現明顯此種傾向，且具有提升 低音域之音壓電平的效果。 本發明之通用揚聲器中，以直列方式固定2台揚聲 器單元，因爲會同時對前後揚聲器單元輸入同相位之 信號，前方揚聲器單元之錐形震膜紙膜面，會對應後 方錐形震膜紙膜面之音響振動而順暢振動。結果，具 有2台直列之揚聲器單元的揚聲器，和單一單元之揚 聲器相比，可進一步提升低音域之音壓電平，且頻率 特性亦更爲安定。 本發明之揚聲器安裝方法，係將揚聲器設置於車內 之駕駛座及前側座之座椅下、或儀表板下，利用此方 -31 - 552820 五、發明說明（3〇) 式，正好和傳統車內音場爲無秩序的音響空間相反， 可以將音像定位於前座之前方，而如經過整音計劃之 音樂廳或試聽室，達成音場之改善。又，本發明方法 中，直接聲音不會直接傳給收聽者，而是由前方傳送 經過擴散之聲音，故創造出沒有壓迫感、可以輕鬆欣 賞之音場空間。 元件符號說明： 1…通用揚聲器、2…多孔質燒結體、 3…Fe-A 1系制振合金、4…A 1-Si系制振合 金、5…外表面、6…內部7,34,55,56,76,77… 揚聲器單元、8,36,58,59,78,82…框架、 10,50,52,62,67,79,83 …擋板、12,14 …固定構件、 16,74…金屬氣泡體、17,66,80…箱框、18… 聲頻放大器、19,57,75,84,91，92…揚聲器、 20…麥克風、21…放大器、22…（DAT)數位聲 頻磁帶記錄器、23…FFT分析器、24…個人電 腦、25…電鍍反應裝置、26…金屬板、 27…苯乙烯板、28…鎳板、29…外部電 源、、30,35…錐形震膜紙、32,38,60,61…磁 體部、33,42,64,70 …凸緣部、40,51，53,63,68 … 中心孔、44,65,69…環狀溝、46,72…貫通 ?L 、47,73…插座、48…底座、54…膠合 板、71…木質板、81…密閉空間、86…汽 車、87…駕駛座、88…前側座、90…虛擬 音像。 -32--29- 552820 V. Description of the invention (28) To fully reproduce the sound field in the low range. The virtual audio image 90,90 is located in front of the front seat, and the sound will not be disorderly, but the sound of the concert hall or audition room will be felt. Because the direct sound of the speaker does not reach the listener directly, it does not produce the oppressive feeling of the sound, but forms a soft and non-tiring sound field. The same effect can be obtained when the instrument panel in Fig. 20 is mounted below. In terms of time acoustic characteristics of general auditoriums and concert halls, the direct sound of music played on the stage is first transmitted to the auditorium, and then the primary reflection sound, secondary reflection sound, and triple reflection sound are successively transmitted to the auditorium. Complement the volume of the direct sound, and use this method to transmit the sound to the audience. This method can have a rich volume and clarity, and it is more surrounded by sound. The auditorium is the creation of this acoustic space. Due to the small acoustic space and short reflection distance in the car, direct sound, primary reflected sound, and secondary reflected sound will reach people in the car at a close state at the same time, and people in the car will experience higher sound pressure at one time. . In contrast, the speakers 84, 8 4 are placed under the seat as shown in FIG. 19, and a virtual audio image 90 is created by using a reflected sound instead of reducing the direct sound from the two speakers. Once the sound is reflected once, it is mistaken for direct sound, creating a virtual space and expanding a smaller space into a larger false space. The situation in Fig. 20 is similar. Therefore, even in a car, an acoustic space with a temporal acoustic characteristic similar to that of an auditorium or an auditorium can be created. On the other hand, in the conventional position of Fig. 21, the direct sound and its reflected sound from the speakers 92 and 92 have no time interval, so a large sound pressure is generated in the car. Therefore, it will be surrounded by the sound from the direction of disorder -30- 552820 V. Invention Description (29), and you have to judge that it is not easy to locate audio and video. In terms of frequency characteristics, a level rise can also be found around 1 to 2 kHz, and a sound field that hinders hearing is formed. From this result, it can be seen that a speaker using a damping metal baffle or the like, which is arranged under a seat or an instrument panel as shown in Fig. 19 or Fig. 20, should be regarded as having an excellent effect of improving the sound field in the car. [Industrial Applicability] The universal speaker of the present invention uses a rigid vibration damping metal with high vibration attenuation as a speaker unit, a bezel, or a fixed member, and can absorb the frame vibration of the speaker unit when an input signal is used. And make the film surface of the cone-shaped diaphragm can accurately implement acoustic vibration. In addition, due to the existence of vibration-controlling metals such as porous sintered bodies, useless frame vibrations are not transmitted to the baffle or housing, which can faithfully reproduce sounds in response to input signals, and enable clear reproduction of the bass and subwoofer regions. , And then reproduce the chubby and high and low sound. The speaker of the present invention exhibits such a tendency particularly near the audible frequency, and has the effect of increasing the sound pressure level in the low range. In the universal speaker of the present invention, two speaker units are fixed in an in-line manner, because signals of the same phase are input to the front and rear speaker units at the same time, and the cone diaphragm film surface of the front speaker unit corresponds to the rear cone diaphragm film. The sound of the surface vibrates smoothly. As a result, compared with a single-unit speaker, a speaker having two in-line speaker units can further increase the sound pressure level in the low-frequency range, and the frequency characteristics are more stable. The loudspeaker installation method of the present invention is to set the loudspeaker under the seat of the driver's seat and front side seat in the car, or under the instrument panel. Use this method -31-552820 V. Description of the invention (3〇), which is exactly the same as the traditional The sound field in the car is an unordered audio space. On the contrary, the sound image can be positioned in front of the front seat, and the sound field can be improved by a concert hall or audition room after the sound plan. Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, the direct sound is not directly transmitted to the listener, but the diffused sound is transmitted from the front, thus creating a sound field space that can be easily appreciated without feeling of pressure. Description of component symbols: 1… general loudspeaker, 2… porous sintered body, 3… Fe-A 1 series vibrating alloy, 4… A 1-Si series vibrating alloy, 5… outer surface, 6… inner 7,34, 55,56,76,77 ... Speaker unit, 8,36,58,59,78,82 ... Frame, 10,50,52,62,67,79,83 ... Baffle, 12,14 ... Fixed member, 16 74, metal bubbles, 17, 66, 80 ... box, 18 ... audio amplifier, 19, 57, 75, 84, 91, 92 ... speaker, 20 ... microphone, 21 ... amplifier, 22 ... (DAT) digital audio Tape recorder, 23 ... FFT analyzer, 24 ... Personal computer, 25 ... Plating reaction device, 26 ... Metal plate, 27 ... Styrene plate, 28 ... Ni plate, 29 ... External power supply, 30,35 ... Cone shaker Film, 32, 38, 60, 61 ... Magnet part, 33,42,64,70 ... Flange part, 40,51,53,63,68 ... Central hole, 44,65,69 ... Annular groove, 46 , 72 ... through? L, 47,73 ... socket, 48 ... base, 54 ... plywood, 71 ... wooden board, 81 ... closed space, 86 ... car, 87 ... driver seat, 88 ... front seat, 90 ... virtual audio and video. -32-