546974 五、發明說明（1 ) 本發明涉及一種偵測至少一廣播頻道的方法，所述的 廣播頻道由至少一個基地台在多個時間順序的時槽內經至 少一個空氣介面向一個無線電通信系統的至少一個用戶電 話機不用分集模式或用分集模式地發射。 在蜂窩結構的無線電通信系統，例如按照GSM(全球移 動通信系統）或UMTS(通用移動通信系統）標準，向各個用 戶電話機在其即時駐留的無線電單元中借助於當地相關的 基地台經過至少一個所謂的廣播頻道傳輸系統相關資訊。 這種系統相關資訊例如可以是無線電單元特定資訊，例如 用於各個用戶電話機，特別是移動無線電話機的功率控制 資訊，或者是關於該用戶電話機的即時駐留單元中可供使 用的無線電CDMA(劃碼多工）編碼的資訊。一般情況下， 這樣一種廣播頻道的作用是在“空中”傳遞基地台的所謂 的單元特定資訊，也就是通過至少一個空氣界向所有在其 無線電單元駐留的用戶電話機傳遞資訊。爲了能夠確保萬 無一失的參數傳輸以優化調節各個基地台與在其無線電單 元內的用戶電話機之間的無線電連接，以及從該基地台到 各個用戶電話機之間的無線電連接，在該無線電單元中的 所有用戶電話機至少偶爾地檢測這種至少J個空氣介面內 的至少一個廣播頻道。 本發明的目的在於指出一種在無線電單元中的各個用 戶電話機可以簡單而可靠地接收由各個有關基地台發射出 的廣播頻道資訊的方法。該目的通過前序部分所述的技術546974 V. Description of the invention (1) The present invention relates to a method for detecting at least one broadcast channel, said broadcast channel being directed by a base station to a radio communication system via at least one air interface in multiple time-sequential time slots. At least one of the subscriber telephones transmits without diversity mode or in diversity mode. Radio communication systems in a cellular structure, for example in accordance with the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) standards, provide individual subscriber telephones with at least one so-called Broadcast channel transmission system. Such system-related information can be, for example, radio unit specific information, such as power control information for individual user telephones, especially mobile radiotelephones, or radio CDMA (symbolization code) available in the instant resident unit of the user's telephone. Multiplexed) encoded information. In general, the role of such a broadcast channel is to transmit the so-called unit-specific information of the base station "in the air", that is, to transmit information to all subscriber telephones residing in its radio unit through at least one airspace. In order to be able to ensure foolproof parameter transmission to optimize the adjustment of the radio connection between each base station and the subscriber telephones in its radio unit, and the radio connection from this base station to each subscriber telephone, all The subscriber telephone detects at least one broadcast channel in such at least J air interfaces at least occasionally. An object of the present invention is to point out a method in which each user telephone set in a radio unit can simply and reliably receive broadcast channel information transmitted from each relevant base station. This purpose is achieved by the techniques described in the preamble
546974 五、發明說明（2 ) 如此地解決：在基地台的分集模式中爲了廣播頻道的信 號，把一個方塊STTD編碼這樣地分離成至少兩個組：使 第二組採用與第一組不同的另一種CDMA編碼，由此在分 集模式中產生在很大程度上統計上獨立的用來發射的廣播 信號。 由此對於在其即時駐留的無線電單元中的各個用戶電 話機可以準確無誤地檢測各個廣播頻道。以這種方法各個 用戶電話機可以以可靠的方式接收廣播頻道資訊，特別是 無線電單元的特定資訊，例如控制各個用戶電話機功率的 資訊，可供使用的CDMA碼資訊、單元註冊碼及使用說明 等。由此使之能夠在很大程度上確保各個用戶電話機與其 即時駐留的無線電單元所屬的基地台之間的無線電連接萬 * 無一失。 此外，本發明還附加地或者獨立地涉及一個或多個廣 播頻道的分集模式信號化的方法，所述廣播頻道由至少一 個基地台在多個時間順序的時槽內經至少一個空氣介面向 一個無線電通信系統的至少一個用戶電話機無分集輻射或 者有分集輻射地傳輸，其特徵在於，在各個基地台中載入 初級（primary)同步脈衝串（Burst)用作各個基地台的分集模 式運轉的標識，並附加有識別因數。 本發明還涉及一種無線電通信系統，用於實施按照本 發明所述方法之一而構成的方法。 本發明的其它形式描述在申請專利範圍各附屬項中。 -4 - 546974 五、發明說明（3 ) 下面借助於附圖詳細地說明本發明及其擴展。 圖式簡單說明：546974 V. Description of the invention (2) Solve the problem: In the diversity mode of the base station, in order to broadcast the channel signal, a block STTD code is separated into at least two groups in this way: the second group uses a different group from the first group. Another type of CDMA coding, thereby producing a broadcast signal in a diversity mode that is largely statistically independent for transmission. As a result, each user's telephone in the radio unit in which it resides can accurately detect each broadcast channel. In this way, each user's telephone can receive broadcast channel information in a reliable manner, especially the specific information of the radio unit, such as information on controlling the power of each user's telephone, available CDMA code information, unit registration code, and instructions for use. This makes it possible, to a large extent, to ensure that the radio connection between each user's telephone and the base station to which the radio unit in which it resides immediately is secure. In addition, the present invention additionally or independently relates to a method for signalling a diversity mode of one or more broadcast channels, which are broadcasted by at least one base station through at least one air interface in a plurality of time-sequential time slots. At least one user phone of a radio communication system transmits without diversity radiation or diversity radiation, and is characterized in that a primary synchronization burst is loaded into each base station and used as an identifier for the diversity mode operation of each base station, A recognition factor is attached. The invention also relates to a radio communication system for carrying out a method constructed in accordance with one of the methods described in the invention. Other forms of the invention are described in the respective appended claims. -4-546974 V. Description of the invention (3) The invention and its extensions will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Schematic description:
第1圖示出的是在一種特殊的3.84Mcps-TDD-UMTS 無線電通信系統中的一個基地台和一個用戶電話機之間， 在一個空氣介面上傳輸信號時的一個幀的同步頻道結構， 用於實施本發明所述方法的第一變形。 第2圖示出的是第1圖中所示的無線電通信系統的基 地台的一個所謂方塊STTD (空時發送分集，Space Time Transmit Diversity)方法結構，它用分集模式向其無線電 單元中的用戶機傳輸消息/資料信號。 第3圖示出的是第1圖所示的無線電通信系統的空氣 介面下，廣播頻道所用的脈衝串的時間結構。 第4圖爲第1圖所示的無線電通信系統的一個基地台 與在其無線電單元中的一個用戶電話機之間的空氣介面上 的時間幀結構。 第1圖和第4圖中的有相同功能和作用的元件均用相 同的符號標示。 第4圖以示意的簡化圖示出在一個基地台BS1和一個 在其蜂窩結構的無線電通信系統MCS的無線電單元中的用 戶電話機UE1之間’通過空氣介面FU進行無線電傳輸時 的時間幀結構（參見第1圖）°這褰用戶電話機UE1代表同 時駐留在基地台BS1的同一個無線電單元中的多個用戶電 話機。這些用戶電話機在第1圖所示的實施例中爲了圖示 546974 — 五、發明說明（4 ) 淸楚而幾乎都刪去了。基於其蜂窩劃分，無線電通信系統 MCS除了基地台BS1之外還有多個其他的基地台，用這些 無線電單元可以在很大程度上完全地覆蓋預定的服務區。 爲了圖示淸楚在第1圖所示的實施例中的其他基地台也幾 乎都刪掉了。每個無線電單元的各個基地台最好通過至少 一個無線電發射機和至少一個無線電接收機構成。它最好 有至少一個發射天線和/或至少一個接收天線。附加于或者 獨立於基地台的爲無線電通信系統MCS的用戶電話機提供 無線電連接功能，各個基地台可以爲各自資料/消息傳輸安 排可能存在的固定網路。 用戶電話機最好爲無線電移動電話，特別是所謂手機 或者說蜂窩電話機。此外，用戶電話機還可以設爲其他的 消息和/或資料傳輸設備，例如互聯網終端機、電腦、電視 機、筆記本、傳真機等，構成無線電通信網路的一部分， 並以帶有從屬性的無線電單元用於“空中”通信往來，也 就是通過至少一個空氣介面進行通信聯繫。用戶電話機特 別是移動地或者便攜地逗留在無線電網路中的變換著的地 點，但也可能在那裏靜止，也就是地點不變。 在蜂窩無線電通信系統MCS中把無線電信號，例如消 息和/或資料信號，經至少一個預定的空氣介面FU在至少 一個用戶電話機例如UE1，特別是移動無線電話機，和至 少一個基地台例如BS1之間，優選地按照時分複用多路傳 輸方法傳輸。這在第4圖中是如此表示的：在基地台BS1 546974 五、發明說明（5) 和用戶電話機UE1之間處附加地畫出時間幀結構，就是 說，把經空氣介面FU的信號傳輸在時間上劃分到多個順 序的時槽中（相應的圖示還見於第1圖中）。無線電通信系 統MCS優選地按照UMTS(通用移動通信系統）標準構成。 在這樣一種按照UMTS標準的無線電通信系統中把各個用 戶電話機，特別是移動無線電電話機，和該無線電通信系 統中的至少一個無線電單元中的至少一個基地台之間的至 少一個空氣介面的無線電信號特別地按照一個結合的 TDMA— CDMA(TDMA二劃時多工；CDMA=劃碼多工）多 路傳輸方法傳輸。這裏，在通過各個用戶電話機和各個所 屬的基地台（或反之）之間的空氣介面進行無線電傳輸時， 預先把無線電信號在時間上劃分爲多個由順序的時槽預定 的期間，及預定的幀結構。同時在同一個無線電單元中與 當地的基地台通信的多個用戶電話機適當地通過正交的編 碼，特別是按照CDMA(劃碼多工）原理彼此在其消息/資料 連接方面分開以進行分時劃分。特別是無線電通信系統用 所謂的TDD(劃時雙工）模式運轉。在TDD模式中借助于劃 時雙工方法，通過相應分開地指定時槽，達到分開的上行 和下行鏈路方向（上行鏈路=從各個移動無線電話機向所屬 的基地台的信號傳輸；下行鏈路=從各個所屬的基地台向 移動無線電話機的信號傳輸）的信號傳輸。這裏僅使用單一 的一個載頻進行各個用戶電話機和各個所屬的基地台之間 的上行鏈路和下行鏈路方向的信號傳輸。 546974 五、發明說明（6 ) 對於UMTS標準的進一步發展，未來特別感興趣的是 TDD模式的變形3.84Mcps( =兆片）。在當前的稱爲1999 版（2000年6月）的UMTS標準中，爲所謂的FDD模式（頻 分雙工）和3.84Mcps的TDD模式規定了不同的分集方法。 詳細的規定特別在以下的目錄中作出：3G TS25.221:實際 頻道和在實際頻道上繪製傳輸頻道圖（TDD)，出版於1999 年，第3.3.0(2000年6月）版，3GTS25.224:實體層面程 式（TDD)，出版於1999年，第3.3.0(2000年6月）版，3G TS 25.211:實際頻道和在實際頻道上繪製傳輸頻道圖 (TDD),出版於1999年，第3·3·0(2000年6月）版。 在分集制下把傳輸理解成相同的發射信號的多個統計 獨立的複本。分集方法在第三代的移動無線電系統，例如 UMTS中使用，用以把移動無線電頻道的干擾性影響以衰 減的形式加以最小化。下行鏈路方向上的典型的移動無線 電環境中，由一個固定的基地台，例如下文稱爲NodeB的 BS1和一個後文稱之爲UE(用戶設備）的移動站（手機或類似 物）組成，NodeB的發射信號在不同的路徑上以不同的時延 和不同的衰減作用到達用戶電話機UE1(比較第1和4 圖）。也就是說接收到的信號由許多成分構成，這裏包括其 幅度、時延和處於隨機的狀態的相。因此單個信號可以增 強地（放大信號）或削弱（衰減信號)地疊加。這導致沿各個用 戶電話機返回的路段上的接收強度的劇烈變化。我們把削 弱信號的作用稱爲衰減（衰減=減弱）。 546974 五、發明說明（7) 分集的基本思想是，發射機將同一個信號的多個統計 上獨立的複本發送給接收機。這些信號在不同的傳播途徑 上以不同的時延和衰減影響到達接收機。由接收機檢測各 個最強的信號。以此方式減少衰減的影響，因爲發射的信 號在被接收時同時處於“深度衰減”的槪率相當小。不相 關地選擇分集模式中的發射信號是適宜的。由此保證了由 衰減造成的信號中斷不會同時在各個發射信號的傳播途徑 上發生。 在1"9版中爲UMTS3.84Mcps TDD標準規定了不同的 分集方法，但是僅限於下行鏈路方向，和有兩個發射天線 的各個基地台。例如爲實際的廣播頻道P - CCPCH(初級通 用實際頻道）特別規定的所謂的方塊STTD(時空發送分集） 方法。在第2圖中示意示這種方法。基地台BS1(比較第 1、4圖）設有兩個發射天線。在分集模式中通過第一天線 SA1傳輸源（original)信號，用一個天線SA2傳輸第一的、 原始的原天線信號的編碼複本。一個所謂的方塊STTD編 碼器SC發送用來傳輸的資料符號Si至Sn組成的方塊編 碼。對於第一天線SA1的資料不編碼。第二天線SA2的資 料的編碼方案爲：編碼器輸入處的由N個資料符號Sle..Sn 組成的資料方塊複合共軛（由符號*表示），劃分成兩等份 (S*l ’ "·8*η/2)和（S*n/2 + 1，…S*:)然後交換順序，以這種方 法（S*n/2 + i，…S*n)部分還配有一個負號。如果資料符號 S*1至S*n的數量N是奇數，對第一個資料符號不進行編 546974 五、發明說明（8) 碼。對餘下的，現在是偶數了的資料符號採用上述的編碼 方案。方塊STTD編碼的目的是爲相應的發射天線產生兩 個統計獨立的資料序列。按照方塊STTD編碼把兩個天線 分支中的資料方塊各自用爲廣播頻道保留的CDMA碼C( η 和單元特定的加擾（scrambling)碼展開，這在第2圖中各 通過各自天線分支中的方塊SCR1及SCR2表示。然後把 展開的資料碼借助于一個多路轉換MU1或MU2在各自的 天線分支中多路化爲脈衝串並且經天線SA1及天線SA1發 送。對於天線SA1，資料方塊將用脈衝串BU1中的中緩馳 (MidambU)m⑴以第3圖所示的時間結構雙工化；相應地 資料方塊對天線SA2用中緩馳m(2)雙工化。對於廣播頻道 除了 CDMA碼C(1)之外還優選地牢牢地保留了這兩種中緩 馳m(1)、m(2)，在此中緩馳m(2)僅用在分集模式中，其他情 況不利用。這兩個中緩馳m(1)、m(2)用一種單元特定的基礎 中緩馳碼發生。在一般模式中，也就是沒有分集時，在第 二天線分支中取消方塊STTD編碼及後續的運作。 用戶電話機，例如UE1最好只設置單獨一個天線用於 發射和接收資料。因此，在分集模式中來自相關基地台的 兩個衰減了的信號在用戶電話機的接收機中這樣地結合： 每次從兩個接收信號中選擇一個最好的。在每種情況下廣 播頻道用分集模式進行的傳送響致各個用戶電話機的接收 機的檢測費用升高。 在3.48Mcps-TDD標準中把受傳送的資料在時槽中用 -10- 546974 五、發明說明（9 ) 固定的預定結構，即所謂的脈衝串傳送。對於廣播頻道把 資料按第一脈衝串式用展開係數16發射。第3圖中用圖表 的方式示意地表示出這種脈衝串結構BU1。該脈衝串有兩 個資料方塊DAI、DA2，在其間有中緩遲部分MA用於頻 道評估。脈衝串的末端由所謂的防護期間GP1構成，該防 護期間起保護時間及空載時間並且從而進行頻道分離的作 用。在3.84Mcps-TDD-UMTS標準中該脈衝串由2560個片 組成。每個資料方塊DA1及DA2由9 76片組成。中緩遲 部分MA長度是512片；而防護期間是96片長。相應於展 開係數16,在一個時槽中每個脈衝串傳送122個資料符號 (每個資料方塊61個資料符號）。按照定義的3.84Mpcs的 片頻（相應於Tc = 260.42納秒的片長），脈衝串的長度是 666.67 微秒 ° 基於廣播頻道的特殊意義，在一個無線電單元中即時 駐留的所有用戶電話機可以理想地接收該頻道資訊是適宜 的。該無線電單元的所有的系統相關資訊，例如關於所提 供的CDMA碼的用於控制功率的資訊，都通過此廣播頻道 傳送。因此各個基地台在周期性的時間段上，至少偶爾地 發射這種廣播頻道。因此該無線電單元中的所有的用戶電 話機都不時地，特別是周期性地，監聽這種廣播頻道。如 果無線電單元中的傳送特性發生餐差，相關的基地台特別 地用分集模式發射廣播頻道。在規律的情況下基地台向所 有處在單元中的用戶電話機事先給出關於廣播頻道本身情 -11- 546974 五、發明說明（1 〇) 況的信號，使用戶機相應地做好準備，以檢測第二衰減信 號。不然各個用戶電話機就要通過不斷地檢測中緩馳部分 m(2>盲目地檢測分集模式。如果接收到m(2>，各個用戶電話 機就辨識到分集模式；其他情況下可能很差地接收到廣播 頻道，或者在最壞的情況下根本收不到廣播頻道。無論如 何這種盲目的方法都意味著接收機中巨大的檢測浪費。 在分集模式中檢測廣播頻道的當前的方法的前提是， 每個用戶電話機已經在無線電單元中登錄了。迄今沒有考 慮用戶第一次（例如用戶剛打開其手機）或者通過移交（從相 鄰的一個單元轉移出來）在一個新的單元登錄，而該無線電 蜂窩中的基地台已經用分集模式對廣播頻道發射的情況。 在這兩種情況下，在登錄進一個新的單元的過程中得到分 集模式的一個相應信號並且相應地調節其接收機對於各個 用戶電話機是有好處的。不然用戶電話機可能很差地接收 該廣播頻道，或者在“最糟的情況”下根本接收不到該廣 播頻道，從而在新的無線電單元登錄失敗。 此外，迄今的方塊STTD編碼在不利的情況下不能夠 總是產生完全無害的發射信號，致使各個用戶電話機的接 收機不能夠理想地減少衰減影響。其特別原因在於，每個 資料方塊的資料符號數量是奇數個，也就是61個。實際類 比結果顯示，通過使用方塊STTD的方法分集增加到3分 貝。然而只能夠對低速度的狀況(如步行者）達到這樣顯著 的增益。對於更高的速度和由此產生的更大的衰減影響， -12- 546974 五、發明說明（11) 此數値則下降，這和其他方面原因導致了方塊STTD編碼 不理想。 因此爲了能夠在很大的程度上確保各個用戶電話機與 其即時駐留的無線電單元之間的完美的無線電連接，同樣 在分集模式中尋找一個理想的廣播頻道檢測是値得追求 的。這在一個方面可以通過調製至少一個同步頻道作爲分 集模式信號化的另一個方法來實現，另一方面，附加或者 獨立地通過爲廣播頻道保留第二展開碼以產生各個基地台 的分集模式中的統計獨立的發射信號。由此各個用戶電話 機也可以理想地檢測出各個基地台的分集模式中的各個廣 播頻道。因爲在一方面在各個用戶電話機的接收機中可以 最大程度降低衰減影響；另一方面各基地台的分集模式可 以及時地在各個用戶電話機要第一次地或者通過轉換在該 新的無線電單元中登錄的情況下向用戶電話機發出信號。 下面將對UMTS3.84McpsTDD標準的理想地檢測各個 基地台的分集模式中的廣播頻道的兩個方法進行說明。 方法1 : 調製同步頻道 這個第一方法以用同步頻道（SCH=同步頻道）的調製作 分集模式信號化的另一種方法爲基礎。以此方式可以在 登錄過程中（用戶電話機例如UE1要第一次地或者通過轉 換在一個新的無線電單元中登錄)就已經向各個用戶電話機 發出信號，以表示這種重要的廣播頻道是否已經用分集模 -13- 546974 五、發明說明（12) 式由相關的基地台發射了。這裏所述的方法類似於在 UMTS— FDD模式中已經規定的方法（3GTS25.221:實際頻 道和在實際頻道上繪製傳輸頻道圖（TDD)，出版於1999年， 第3.3.0(2 000年6月）版）。在一個無線電單元中登錄的過 程中用戶電話機和當地的相關基地台同步。這是通過檢測 該新的無線電單元的所謂的同步頻道SCH和廣播頻道來達 到的。在UMTS標準中把這個過程表述爲單元搜尋。 在3.84McpsTDD模式中一個頻率的頻道包含15個時 槽 TsO 至 Tsl4 和一個 TDMA 幀，例如 FRi、FRi+Ι。 此第4圖示意地示出相應的幀結構。在此實施例中時間幀 例如FRi優選地時間長度FP約爲10毫微秒。在第1圖中 示出同步頻道。在第4圖的幀結構內，廣播頻道P-CCPCH和同步頻道SCH在一定的時槽中周期地發射。例 如P — CCPCH和SCH可以在同一個時糟中發射。此外還 可以把P—CCPCH和SCH在不同的時槽中發送。第1圖 是表示出P— CCPCH在時槽TsO而SCH在時槽Ts8發 射，換言之，P— CCPCH和SCH彼此錯開或者說分開8個 時槽傳輸。 在同步頻道SHC中初級同步碼（SSC’Ocp和每次三個 次級同步碼（SSC’s)c#l、c#2、c#3具有一個時間偏差 地平行發送。這種同步碼的時間長度PE最好是256 片。對於整個的TDD系統只有二個初級同步碼ESC和12 個次級同步碼SSC’s。各個基地、台在同步頻道SCH上發射 相應的同步碼，該同步碼使各個用戶電話機能夠和基地台 -14- 546974 五、發明說明（13) 暫時地保持同步（時槽和幀的同步）。以此方法在很大的程 度上保證各個用戶電話機與相關基地台的時間節拍同步地 發射和接收資料。 在規則3GTS25.224:實際層面程式（TDD)，出版於 1999年，第3.3.0(2000年6月）版，中說明了單元搜尋的過 程。在第一步驟中各個用戶電話機檢測在所有的無線電單 元中都使用的初級同步碼PSC。結果各個用戶電話機在其 環境中最強的無線電蜂窩的基地台在時槽的層次上同步。 在一個第二步驟中用戶電話機檢測三個經過調製的 SSC’s，在此，調製過程由因數b#l、b#2、b#3表示。結 果用戶電話機在一個方面瞭解到在該無線電單元中使用的 是哪個碼（例如加擾碼、基本中緩馳碼），另一個方面知道 在哪個時槽中傳送廣播頻道。在第三和最後的步驟中用戶 電話機試圖讀取廣播頻道，以獲知無線電單元重要的系統 資訊。如果所有的三個步驟都成功，用戶電話機的單元搜 尋工作就成功了，並且該用戶電話機也就登錄在無線電單 元中了。否則就重復這個過程。 爲了發出分集模式的信號，用符號因數b來調節同步 頻道SCH、最好調節初級同步碼cp是適宜的。因迄今在 3.84McpsTDD模式中對PSC不調製地傳送。這種符號因數 b可以指示廣播頻道是否用分集模式（這就要採用方塊 STTD編碼）發射。如果廣播頻道P—CCPCH由各個基地台 用分集模式發射，最好選擇符號因數b = -l。在各個基地台 -15- 546974 五、發明說明（14) 的一般模式下，符號因數設相反的正負號，也就是b= + 1 ° 方法2 :保留第二展開碼 在第2圖中表示當前的不產生完全統計上獨立的資料 序列的方塊STDD編碼，從而在各個用戶電話機的接收機 中不能夠理想地降低由於時延作用導致的衰減的影響。在 本文中提出的方法提議，對於方塊STTD編碼的第二天線 分支用另一種CDMA碼取代迄今的單--個CDMA碼c⑴ 用以展開方塊STTD編碼的資料序列。以此方式通過第一 和第二天線的兩個不同的CDMA碼可以更好地統計兩個天 線信號資料序列的獨立性，從而可以降低各個用戶電話的 接收機中的衰減影響。 迄今已經爲廣播頻道固定地保留了展開碼c(1)和緩馳碼 、m(2)。特別是爲廣播頻道固定地保留展開碼，只 在分集模式情況下使用是適宜的。在其他情況下不使用 它。通過這樣地固定保留一個第二CDMA碼降低了系統的 容量，因爲在同一個時槽中所保留的這個碼不能夠爲其他 頻道所利用。例如在“最糟”的情況下損失可達約3%。這 裏假設每個展開係數爲16的幀對下行鏈路方向只提供兩個 時槽。另一方面在一般情況下，也就是下行鏈路方向每個 展開係數爲16的幀有8個時槽的情況下，損失小於1%。 考慮到通過在接收機上降低衰減、影響得到的分集增益’可 以認爲系統容量的這種損失是可以承受的。 -16- 546974 五、發明說明（15 ) 作爲另一個變形可以除了第二展開碼C<2>還保留另一個 展開碼。這裏還提供了另外14種可能性（C⑴至c<16))。 此外，在各個電話機的無線電單元搜尋時還可以適當 地如下進行各個基地台的分集模式： 由第1圖出發，把例如廣播頻道P — CCPCH在時槽 TsO中傳送，而把同步頻道SCH在時槽Ts8中傳送。在同 步頻道上以時間偏離行地傳送經過調製的PSC和 3個SSCs。按照廣播頻道是否用分集模式發射，它現在通 過經調製的PSC向各個用戶電話機發信號；在此用符號因 數b乘以初級同步碼PSC進行調製。如果存在分集模式， 選擇b = 一 1;不然選擇b= + 1。如果各個用戶電話機在無 線電單元搜尋的範圍內檢測到了經過調製了的PSC，那麼 該用戶電話機通過符號因數b知道是否在廣播頻道裏存在 分集模式。如果存在分集模式，廣播頻道就可以在時槽 TsO中由用戶電話機理想地檢測到，而且該用戶電話機可 以成功地登錄進新的無線電單元中。 此外，方塊STDD編碼還特別可以如下地進行： 方塊STDD編碼器相應於第2圖進行資料符號的成組 編碼。按照方塊STTD編碼方式把第一天線分支中的資料 包用保留的CDMA碼C(1)和單元特定的加擾碼展開，單元 特定的加擾碼由SCR1方塊表示〜然後把展開的資料方塊 用緩遲m⑴借助於多工器MU1_工化爲一個相應第3圖的 類型1的脈衝串並且經天線SA1傳送。在第二天線分支中 -17- 546974 五、發明說明（16 ) 現在用保留的CDMA碼c(2)和蜂窩特定的加擾碼借助於加 擾器SCR2展開資料方塊。然後把展開的資料方塊同在第 一天線中一樣用緩馳m(2)借助於多工器MU2多工化爲一個 相應於第3圖的類型BU1的脈衝串並且經第二天線SA2傳 送。 符號簡單說明： b…符號因數 .BS1···基地台 c⑴…CDMA碼 DAI、DA2…資料方塊 ESC…初級同步碼 FU…空氣介面 GP1…防護期間 MA…緩馳部分 MCS···無線電通信系統 PE…時間長度 SA1…第一天線 SA2···第二天線 STTD…方塊 s c…編碼器 SHC…同步頻道 、 T offset···時間偏離 Ts…時槽 -18- 546974 五、發明說明（17) UE1…用戶電話機 FRi TDMA··· $貞 MU1、MU2…多路轉換器 SCR1、SCR2···天線中的方塊 BU1···脈衝串結構 FP…時間長度 -19-Figure 1 shows the synchronization channel structure of a frame when transmitting a signal on an air interface between a base station and a user telephone in a special 3.84Mcps-TDD-UMTS radio communication system. A first variant of the method according to the invention is implemented. Fig. 2 shows a so-called block STTD (Space Time Transmit Diversity) method structure of the base station of the radio communication system shown in Fig. 1. It uses the diversity mode to the users in its radio unit. The machine transmits a message / data signal. Fig. 3 shows the time structure of a burst used in a broadcasting channel under the air interface of the radio communication system shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a time frame structure of an air interface between a base station of the radio communication system shown in Fig. 1 and a subscriber telephone set in its radio unit. Components with the same function and function in Figures 1 and 4 are marked with the same symbols. FIG. 4 shows a schematic simplified diagram of a time frame structure between a base station BS1 and a user telephone UE1 in a radio unit of a radio communication system MCS of its cellular structure when performing radio transmission through the air interface FU ( (See Figure 1.) Here, the user phone UE1 represents multiple user phones that reside in the same radio unit of the base station BS1 at the same time. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, these subscriber telephones are almost all deleted for the sake of illustration 546974-V. Description of the Invention (4). Based on its cellular division, the radio communication system MCS has a number of other base stations in addition to the base station BS1. With these radio units, the intended service area can be completely covered to a large extent. For the sake of illustration, Chu Chu's other base stations in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are almost deleted. Each base station of each radio unit is preferably constituted by at least one radio transmitter and at least one radio receiver. It preferably has at least one transmitting antenna and / or at least one receiving antenna. In addition to or independent of the base station, a radio connection function is provided for the user telephones of the radio communication system MCS. Each base station can arrange a fixed network that may exist for its own data / message transmission. The user telephone is preferably a radio mobile telephone, in particular a so-called mobile phone or a cellular telephone. In addition, the user's telephone can also be set as other messaging and / or data transmission equipment, such as Internet terminals, computers, televisions, notebooks, fax machines, etc., forming part of the radio communication network, and using a radio with subordinate properties. The unit is used for "airborne" communication, that is, communication through at least one air interface. The user's telephone is particularly mobile or portable in a changing location in the radio network, but may also be stationary there, that is, the location remains unchanged. In the cellular radio communication system MCS, radio signals, such as messages and / or data signals, are passed between at least one user telephone, such as UE1, in particular a mobile radiotelephone, and at least one base station, such as BS1, via at least one predetermined air interface FU. , Preferably transmitted according to a time division multiplexing transmission method. This is shown in Figure 4: The time frame structure is additionally drawn between the base station BS1 546974 V. Invention description (5) and the user phone UE1, that is, the signal transmitted through the air interface FU is transmitted Time is divided into multiple sequential time slots (the corresponding illustration is also shown in Figure 1). The radio communication system MCS is preferably constructed in accordance with the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) standard. In such a radio communication system according to the UMTS standard, the radio signals of at least one air interface between individual subscriber telephones, in particular mobile radio telephones, and at least one base station in at least one radio unit in the radio communication system are specifically It is transmitted according to a combined TDMA-CDMA (TDMA time division multiplexing; CDMA = code division multiplexing) multiplex transmission method. Here, when radio transmission is performed through an air interface between each user's telephone and each base station (or vice versa), the radio signal is divided in time in advance into a plurality of periods predetermined by a sequential time slot, and predetermined Frame structure. Multiple user telephones communicating with the local base station in the same radio unit at the same time are appropriately separated from each other in terms of their message / data connection for time sharing by orthogonal coding, especially in accordance with the CDMA (Coded Multiplexing) principle Divided. In particular, the radio communication system operates in a so-called TDD (Time Duplex) mode. In TDD mode, by means of time-division duplex method, separate uplink and downlink directions are achieved by specifying corresponding time slots separately (uplink = signal transmission from each mobile radiotelephone to the base station to which it belongs; downlink Road = signal transmission from each base station to mobile radiotelephone). Here, only a single carrier frequency is used for signal transmission in the uplink and downlink directions between each subscriber telephone and each base station to which it belongs. 546974 V. Description of the invention (6) For the further development of the UMTS standard, the particular interest in the future is the deformation of the TDD mode 3.84 Mcps (= megachips). In the current UMTS standard called the 1999 version (June 2000), different diversity methods are specified for the so-called FDD mode (frequency division duplex) and the TDD mode of 3.84 Mcps. Detailed regulations are made in particular in the following directories: 3G TS25.221: actual channels and drawing transmission channel maps (TDD) on actual channels, published in 1999, version 3.3.0 (June 2000), 3GTS25. 224: Physical Level Programming (TDD), published in 1999, version 3.3.0 (June 2000), 3G TS 25.211: actual channels and drawing transmission channel maps (TDD) on actual channels, published in 1999, Version 3.3.0 (June 2000). Under diversity, transmission is understood as multiple statistically independent copies of the same transmitted signal. The diversity method is used in third-generation mobile radio systems, such as UMTS, to minimize the interference effects of mobile radio channels in the form of attenuation. In a typical mobile radio environment in the downlink direction, it consists of a fixed base station, such as BS1 referred to as NodeB below, and a mobile station (mobile phone or the like) referred to as UE (user equipment), The transmitted signal of NodeB reaches user phone UE1 on different paths with different delays and different attenuation effects (compare Figures 1 and 4). In other words, the received signal consists of many components, including its amplitude, delay, and phase in a random state. Therefore a single signal can be superimposed (amplified) or attenuated (attenuated). This results in a drastic change in the reception intensity along the return path of each subscriber telephone. We refer to the effect of weakening the signal as attenuation (attenuation = attenuation). 546974 V. Invention description (7) The basic idea of diversity is that the transmitter sends multiple statistically independent copies of the same signal to the receiver. These signals reach the receiver with different delay and attenuation effects on different propagation paths. The strongest signal is detected by the receiver. The effect of attenuation is reduced in this way because the rate at which the transmitted signal is simultaneously "deeply attenuated" is quite small. Irrelevant selection of the transmitted signal in the diversity mode is appropriate. This ensures that the signal interruption caused by the attenuation does not occur on the transmission paths of the respective transmitted signals at the same time. In the 1 " 9 version, different diversity methods were specified for the UMTS3.84Mcps TDD standard, but only for the downlink direction and for each base station with two transmitting antennas. For example, the so-called block STTD (spatial-temporal transmit diversity) method specified for the actual broadcast channel P-CCPCH (Primary Common Real Channel). This method is shown schematically in FIG. 2. The base station BS1 (compare Figures 1 and 4) has two transmitting antennas. In the diversity mode, an original signal is transmitted through the first antenna SA1, and an encoded copy of the first, original, original antenna signal is transmitted using one antenna SA2. A so-called block STTD encoder SC sends block codes composed of data symbols Si to Sn for transmission. No data is encoded for the first antenna SA1. The coding scheme of the data of the second antenna SA2 is: a data block composite conjugate (represented by the symbol *) composed of N data symbols Sle..Sn at the input of the encoder, divided into two equal parts (S * l ' " · 8 * η / 2) and (S * n / 2 + 1, ... S * :) and then exchange the order. In this way (S * n / 2 + i, ... S * n) part is also equipped with A minus sign. If the number N of data symbols S * 1 to S * n is an odd number, the first data symbol is not edited. 546974 V. Description of Invention (8) code. The coding scheme described above is used for the remaining data symbols that are now even. The purpose of the block STTD coding is to generate two statistically independent data sequences for the corresponding transmitting antennas. According to the block STTD coding, the data blocks in the two antenna branches are each expanded with the CDMA code C (η and the unit-specific scrambling code) reserved for the broadcast channel. This is shown in Figure 2 through each of the antenna branches. The blocks SCR1 and SCR2 are indicated. Then the expanded data code is multiplexed into a burst in the respective antenna branch by means of a multiplexer MU1 or MU2 and transmitted via antenna SA1 and antenna SA1. For antenna SA1, the data block will In the burst BU1, the midamble (MidambU) m⑴ is duplexed with the time structure shown in Figure 3; accordingly, the data block uses the mid relaxation m (2) duplex for the antenna SA2. For broadcast channels except the CDMA code In addition to C (1), it is preferable to firmly retain these two types of relaxation m (1), m (2), where the relaxation m (2) is used only in the diversity mode, and is not used in other cases. These two mitigation m (1), m (2) occur with a unit-specific mitigation code. In general mode, that is, when there is no diversity, the block STTD encoding is cancelled in the second antenna branch and Subsequent operations. User phone, such as UE1, it is best to set only one The line is used for transmitting and receiving data. Therefore, the two attenuated signals from the relevant base stations in the diversity mode are combined in the receiver of the user's telephone set as follows: one of the two received signals is selected at the best at a time. In each case, the transmission of the broadcast channel using the diversity mode has caused the detection cost of the receiver of each user's telephone set to increase. In the 3.48Mcps-TDD standard, the transmitted data is used in the time slot -10- 546974 Description of the invention (9) A fixed predetermined structure, so-called burst transmission. For a broadcast channel, the data is transmitted in the first burst type with an expansion factor of 16. The figure 3 schematically illustrates such a burst Structure BU1. The pulse train has two data blocks DAI, DA2 with a medium delay MA in the middle for channel evaluation. The end of the pulse train consists of the so-called guard period GP1, which starts from the guard time and the dead time. And thus the role of channel separation. In the 3.84Mcps-TDD-UMTS standard, the burst is composed of 2560 chips. Each data block DA1 and DA2 is composed of 9,76 chips. Moderate The length of the late MA is 512 pieces, and the protection period is 96 pieces. Corresponding to the expansion factor of 16, each burst transmits 122 data symbols (61 data symbols per data block) in a time slot. According to the definition of 3.84 The chip frequency of Mpcs (corresponding to the chip length of Tc = 260.42 nanoseconds), and the length of the burst is 666.67 microseconds. Based on the special meaning of the broadcast channel, all user phones that live in one radio unit can ideally receive the channel information It is suitable. All system-related information of the radio unit, such as information about the provided CDMA code for controlling power, is transmitted through this broadcast channel. Therefore, each base station transmits such a broadcast channel at least occasionally over a period of time. All subscriber phones in this radio unit therefore monitor this broadcast channel from time to time, especially periodically. If the transmission characteristics in the radio unit are poor, the relevant base station transmits a broadcast channel in particular in a diversity mode. Under regular circumstances, the base station gives all the user telephones in the unit a signal about the broadcast channel itself in advance. 11-546974 V. Description of the invention (1 0), so that the user equipment is prepared accordingly, so that A second attenuated signal is detected. Otherwise, each user's phone will blindly detect the diversity mode by continuously detecting the m (2 >). If m (2 > is received, each user's phone will recognize the diversity mode; in other cases, it may receive poorly. Broadcast channels, or in the worst case, no broadcast channels are received at all. This blind method anyway means a huge waste of detection in the receiver. The premise of current methods for detecting broadcast channels in diversity mode is that Each user's telephone has been registered in the radio unit. So far no consideration has been given to the user logging in to a new unit for the first time (for example the user has just turned on his mobile phone) or by handover (transfer from an adjacent unit) and the radio In the case where the base station in the cell has used the diversity mode to transmit to a broadcast channel. In both cases, a corresponding signal in the diversity mode is obtained during the registration into a new unit and its receiver is adjusted accordingly for each user A telephone is good. Otherwise, the user's telephone may receive the broadcast frequency poorly. Or, in the "worst case", the broadcast channel is not received at all, and the registration of the new radio unit fails. In addition, the block STTD coding to date cannot always produce a completely harmless transmission signal in unfavorable circumstances, As a result, the receiver of each user's telephone cannot ideally reduce the attenuation effect. The special reason is that the number of data symbols in each data block is an odd number, which is 61. The actual analog result shows that the diversity is increased by using the block STTD method. To 3 decibels. However, such a significant gain can only be achieved for low speed conditions (such as pedestrians). For higher speeds and the resulting greater attenuation, -12- 546974 V. Description of the invention (11) This number has decreased, and this and other reasons have caused the block STTD coding to be unsatisfactory. Therefore, in order to ensure to a great extent the perfect radio connection between each user's telephone and the radio unit where it is immediately resident, it is also in diversity mode In search of an ideal broadcast channel detection is well sought after. This is in one aspect This is achieved by another method of signalling the diversity mode by modulating at least one synchronization channel, on the other hand, additionally or independently by retaining a second spreading code for the broadcast channel to generate a statistically independent transmission in the diversity mode of each base station Signal. As a result, each user phone can ideally detect each broadcast channel in the diversity mode of each base station. Because on the one hand, the attenuation effect can be minimized in the receiver of each user phone; on the other hand, each base station The diversity mode can timely send a signal to the user's phone when the user's phone is to register for the first time or by switching in the new radio unit. The following will ideally detect the UMTS3.84McpsTDD standard of each base station Two methods of broadcasting channels in the diversity mode will be described. Method 1: Modulation of the synchronization channel This first method is based on another method of signalling the diversity mode using the modulation of the synchronization channel (SCH = synchronization channel). In this way, signals can be sent to individual subscriber telephones during the registration process (the subscriber telephone set, for example UE1, for the first time or by switching in a new radio unit) to indicate whether this important broadcast channel has been used Diversity mode-13-546974 V. Description of invention (12) The type was launched by the relevant base station. The method described here is similar to the method already specified in the UMTS-FDD mode (3GTS25.221: actual channel and drawing transmission channel map (TDD) on the actual channel, published in 1999, 3.3.0 (2000) June)). During registration in a radio unit, the user's telephone is synchronized with the relevant local base station. This is achieved by detecting the so-called sync channel SCH and broadcast channels of the new radio unit. This process is expressed as a unit search in the UMTS standard. In 3.84McpsTDD mode, one frequency channel contains 15 time slots TsO to Tsl4 and one TDMA frame, such as FRi, FRI + 1. This FIG. 4 schematically shows the corresponding frame structure. A time frame such as FRI in this embodiment preferably has a time length FP of about 10 nanoseconds. Figure 1 shows the synchronization channels. In the frame structure of FIG. 4, the broadcast channel P-CCPCH and the synchronization channel SCH are transmitted periodically in a certain time slot. For example, P-CCPCH and SCH can be transmitted in the same time slot. In addition, P-CCPCH and SCH can be sent in different time slots. Figure 1 shows that P-CCPCH is transmitted in time slot TsO and SCH is transmitted in time slot Ts8. In other words, P-CCPCH and SCH are staggered from each other or transmitted in 8 time slots. In the synchronization channel SHC, the primary synchronization code (SSC'Ocp and three secondary synchronization codes (SSC's) c # l, c # 2, c # 3 each time are transmitted in parallel with a time offset. The length of this synchronization code The PE is preferably 256. For the entire TDD system, there are only two primary synchronization codes ESC and 12 secondary synchronization codes SSC's. Each base and station transmits the corresponding synchronization code on the synchronization channel SCH, which makes each user's telephone set Can be synchronized with the base station -14- 546974 V. Description of the invention (13) Temporarily maintain synchronization (time slot and frame synchronization). In this way, it can ensure that the time of each user's phone and the relevant base station are synchronized. Transmitting and receiving data. In Rule 3GTS25.224: Real Level Programming (TDD), published in 1999, version 3.3.0 (June 2000), the process of unit search is explained. In the first step, each user The telephone detects the primary synchronization code PSC used in all radio units. As a result, each user's telephone is synchronized at the time slot level at the base station of the strongest radio cell in its environment. In a second step The user phone detects three modulated SSC's. Here, the modulation process is represented by factors b # l, b # 2, and b # 3. As a result, the user phone learned in one aspect which code was used in the radio unit ( (Such as scrambling code, basic jerk code), and the other side knows in which time slot the broadcast channel is transmitted. In the third and final steps, the user's phone tries to read the broadcast channel to obtain important system information of the radio unit. If all three steps are successful, the unit search of the user's phone is successful, and the user's phone is registered in the radio unit. Otherwise, the process is repeated. In order to signal the diversity mode, use the sign factor b to It is appropriate to adjust the synchronization channel SCH, preferably the primary synchronization code cp. Because so far, the PSC is transmitted without modulation in 3.84McpsTDD mode. This symbol factor b can indicate whether the broadcast channel uses the diversity mode (this requires the block STTD (Coding). If the broadcast channel P-CCPCH is transmitted by each base station in diversity mode, it is best to choose the symbol The factor b = -l. In the general mode of each base station -15- 546974 5. In the general mode of the invention description (14), the sign factor is set to the opposite sign, that is, b = + 1 ° Method 2: Keep the second expansion code at Figure 2 shows the current block STDD code that does not produce a completely statistically independent data sequence, so the receiver of each user's telephone cannot ideally reduce the effect of attenuation due to time delay. The method proposes that, for the second antenna branch of the block STTD code, another CDMA code is used to replace the single CDMA code c to date to expand the block STTD coded data sequence. In this way, the independence of the two antenna signal data sequences can be better counted by the two different CDMA codes of the first and second antennas, so that the attenuation effect in the receiver of each user's phone can be reduced. So far, the spreading code c (1) and the easing code m (2) have been reserved for the broadcast channel. In particular, a spreading code is fixedly reserved for a broadcasting channel, and it is appropriate to use it only in a diversity mode. It is not used in other cases. By keeping a second CDMA code fixed in this way, the capacity of the system is reduced because the code reserved in the same time slot cannot be used by other channels. For example, in the "worst case" loss can reach about 3%. It is assumed here that each frame with a spreading factor of 16 provides only two time slots in the downlink direction. On the other hand, in the general case, that is, in the case that there are 8 time slots per frame with a spreading factor of 16 in the downlink direction, the loss is less than 1%. Considering the diversity gain 'obtained by reducing the attenuation and influence on the receiver, this loss of system capacity can be considered to be tolerable. -16- 546974 V. Description of the Invention (15) As another modification, in addition to the second expansion code C < 2 >, another expansion code may be retained. Here are 14 other possibilities (C⑴ to c < 16)). In addition, in the radio unit search of each telephone, the diversity mode of each base station can be appropriately performed as follows: Starting from Figure 1, the broadcast channel P-CCPCH is transmitted in the time slot TsO, and the synchronization channel SCH is in time. Transfer in slot Ts8. The modulated PSC and 3 SSCs are transmitted on the synchronization channel in time offset. Depending on whether the broadcast channel is transmitted in diversity mode, it now signals each user's telephone via the modulated PSC; here, the sign factor b is multiplied by the primary synchronization code PSC for modulation. If there is a diversity mode, select b =-1; otherwise select b = + 1. If each subscriber telephone detects a modulated PSC within the range of the radio unit search, then the subscriber telephone knows by the sign factor b whether a diversity mode exists in the broadcast channel. If there is a diversity mode, the broadcast channel can be ideally detected by the user telephone in the time slot TsO, and the user telephone can successfully log into the new radio unit. In addition, the block STDD encoding can be performed in particular as follows: The block STDD encoder performs group coding of data symbols corresponding to FIG. 2. According to the block STTD coding method, the data packet in the first antenna branch is expanded with the reserved CDMA code C (1) and the unit-specific scrambling code. The unit-specific scrambling code is represented by the SCR1 box ~ Then the expanded data box With the delay m⑴, a multiplexer MU1_ is used to form a pulse train of type 1 corresponding to FIG. 3 and transmitted via the antenna SA1. In the second antenna branch -17- 546974 V. Description of the invention (16) Now use the reserved CDMA code c (2) and the cell-specific scrambling code to expand the data block by means of the scrambler SCR2. The expanded data block is then multiplexed with the easer m (2) as in the first antenna by means of the multiplexer MU2 into a burst corresponding to the type BU1 of FIG. 3 and passed through the second antenna SA2 Send. Brief explanation of symbols: b ... symbol factor. BS1 ... base station c⑴ ... CDMA code DAI, DA2 ... data block ESC ... primary synchronization code FU ... air interface GP1 ... protection period MA ... slowing part MCS ... radio communication system PE ... Time length SA1 ... First antenna SA2 ... Second antenna STTD ... Block sc ... Encoder SHC ... Sync channel, T offset ... Time deviation Ts ... Time slot -18- 546974 V. Description of the invention ( 17) UE1 ... User phone FRI TDMA ... $ zhen MU1, MU2 ... Multiplexer SCR1, SCR2 ... The block BU1 in the antenna ... burst structure FP ... time length -19-