TW539840B - Process and apparatus for separating a gas mixture with emergency operation - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for separating a gas mixture with emergency operation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW539840B TW539840B TW091104149A TW91104149A TW539840B TW 539840 B TW539840 B TW 539840B TW 091104149 A TW091104149 A TW 091104149A TW 91104149 A TW91104149 A TW 91104149A TW 539840 B TW539840 B TW 539840B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- auxiliary
- air
- stream
- compressed
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/38—Control of fuel supply characterised by throttling and returning of fuel to sump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
- F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
- F25J3/04545—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels for the gasification of solid or heavy liquid fuels, e.g. integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
- F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
- F25J3/04606—Partially integrated air feed compression, i.e. independent MAC for the air fractionation unit plus additional air feed from the air gas consuming unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
- F25J3/04878—Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
- F25J2205/32—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as direct contact cooling tower to produce a cooled gas stream, e.g. direct contact after cooler [DCAC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/02—Mixing or blending of fluids to yield a certain product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
- F25J2215/54—Oxygen production with multiple pressure O2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
- F25J2240/44—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
- F25J2240/46—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/912—External refrigeration system
- Y10S62/913—Liquified gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/915—Combustion
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Description
539840 五、發明說明(1 ) 本發明關係一般對於根據申請專利範圍第1項前段用 以分離氣體混合物之方法。 在如此之系統內,可以用種種壓縮機系統壓縮進料氣 體. •單一壓縮機,例如有多個順序層級者; •二或多個串聯之個別壓縮機; •二或多個壓縮機並聯; •綜合的氣體壓縮系統,不但供應分離的設備,且及於 大型消耗裝置(例如加壓氣體系統,尤其具有壓縮機 軌之壓縮空氣網路)。 應用本發明之較佳場合是一種用於供給整體動力廠程 序之低溫空氣分離法(一貫氣化器合倂循環法一 Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle Process, IGCC) o 能量之產生是利用一種氣體渦輪系統,具有氣體渦輪機 (氣體渦輪膨脹機),一種由氣體渦輪機和燃燒室驅動 的氣體渦輪壓縮機。一或多種空氣分離產物被用於能量 產生系統。例如,從空氣分離機所產生的氧可被用以產 生一種燃氣,用於充入燃燒室,在此情形中,氧特別當 作煤或重油氣化中之氧化劑。或爲,將氮從空氣分離機 導入氣體渦輪氣流,可以進料至燃燒室或氣體渦輪機。 或在燃燒室與燃燒室之氣體渦輪之間與氣體渦輪所排放 氣體混合,而予使用◦在某些狀況中,氮也可被用於輸 送媒進入合成氣體之設備。 氣體渦輪壓縮機首先供應燃燒程序所需之空氣,其次 539840 五、發明說明(2) 以部份進料空氣供給空氣分離機(第一進料氣流),因 此該壓縮機在本發明內容中稱爲「第一進料氣體壓縮機 」。在本發明方法中,進料空氣另一部份供作空氣分離 (「第二進料氣流」)者被個別的空氣壓縮機(「第二 進料氣體壓縮機」)壓縮,其係獨立於氣體渦輪系統而 被驅動,例如利用電馬達或蒸汽渦輪。第一和第二進料 空氣流間之比例可依原則具有任何數値。實際上一般爲 30:70 至 70:30,較佳爲 40:60 至 60:40。 如果氣體渦輪由於操作失誤而失效,在極短時間內, 對空氣分離機會缺乏適當的進料空氣比率,合倂空氣比 率和空氣壓力之情況,空氣分離機之精餾塔也失效,從 各個板片或塡充物流至底部之液體(滯留)滴流以及產 物純度等級均將喪失。迄今爲止,已知者並無方法可供 維持空氣分離機之分離程序於如此失誤之後。空氣分離 機之消耗裝置之進一步作業,例如氣化設備,只能夠暫 時使用外來的緊急供應源,涉及昂貴的加壓槽和蒸發液 體產物。 因此,本發明所著眼之一項目的爲訂定一種方法,用 於開頭所述形式之氣體分離’其係可近一步運作於損失 一或二部進料氣體壓縮機之事故之時。 此項目的達成於利用一種事實’其係在壓縮機系統損 失或局部損失事故當中’以接近第一產物流之成分或接 近進料氣體成分之第一輔助氣流’壓縮至接近第一壓力 並再循環至分離設備。 -4_ 539840 五、 發明說明 ( 3) 在 本 發 明 內 容 中 由 於 壓 縮 機 系 統 之 失 誤 至 少 部 份 來 白 不 同 來 源 之 輔 助 氣 流 所取 代 因 而 缺 乏 進 料 氣 體 之 速 率 〇 在 此 情 形 中 進 料 氣 體 流 速 之 降 低 至 少 被 局 部 補 償 而 能 夠 維 持 分 離 程 序 ( 例 如 -- 種 精 餾 ) 〇 然 後 可 將 分 離 設 備 在 受 控 制 狀況 下 帶 進 局 部 負 載 之 模 式 因 而 所 減 少 輔 助 氣 流 之 流 速 , 如 若 適 宜 可 以 至 於 零 〇 關 於 —. 輔 助 氣 體 之 組 成 , 所 用 厂 接 近 J 代 表 各 成 分 比 率 最 大 有 5 莫 耳 % ,較佳最: k 1 1莫耳%之偏差。 在 壓 力 規 格 中 厂 接 近 J 允許 有 管 路 損 失 和 流 動 損 失 之 大 小 里 級 之 偏 差 〇 來 白 輔 助 氣 流 之 其 他 來 源 可 爲 例 如 分 離 設 備 本 身 〇 若 爲 如 此 在 失 誤 事 故 中 , 至 少 分 離 設 備 之 一 種 —^ 產 品 氣 流 被 再 循 rm 至 分 離 設 備 內 〇 尤 其在 產 物 或 多 種 產 品 生 產 於 任 何 受 壓 情 形 之 下 者 將 被 循 rm 之 產 物 氣 流 , 如 果 被 適 當 膨 脹 至 進 料 氣 體 壓 力 ( 厂 一 壓 力 J ) 並 回 饋 至 分 離 設 備 y 例 如 至 荷 餾 塔 或 空 氣 分 離 機 之 分 餾 塔 則 可 提 取於 既 有 之 產 品 壓 縮 機 下 游 或 於 產 品 壓 縮 機 之 中 段 0 因 此 , 雖 然 產 品 流 速 也 被 減 低 ( 在 壓 縮 機 系 統 之 全 部 損 失 事 故 中 , 分 離 設 備 可 以 在 某 ΙΘ. 境 條 件 下 開 始 t±y 兀 全 不 再 送 出 任 何 產 物 ) 然 而 此 種 缺 點 大 於 實 際 上 不 使 分 離 設 備 進 一 步 操 作 而 不 受 干 擾 所 補 償 〇 如 果 需 要 如 此 1 消 耗 裝 置 可 用 緊 急 供 應 系 統 ( 支 援 系 統 ) 在 減 少 或 失 去 產 品 交 付 之 期 間 內 予 以 供 應 〇 如 此 之 系 統 例 如 具 有 一 貯 存 單 元 而 至 少 爲 液 槽 及/或壓力氣體貯器。 -5- ί1存單元 539840 五、 發明說明 ( 4) 可 從分 離 設 備 以 外 充 入 ( 例 如 用 槽 車 或 管 線 ) 及 /或以分 離 設 備 平 常 作 業 所 產 副 產 品 充 入 〇 如 果 貯 存 單 元 在任 何 的 情 形 之 壓 力 均 爲 至 少 接 近 於 厂 第 — 壓 力 J ( 壓 縮 機 系 統 之 輸 出 壓 力 ) 則 不 須 分 飞Γ, 之 壓 力 升 壓 系 統 以 便 將 對 應 之 輔 助 氣 流 循 TS. 至 分 離 設 備 〇 如 果 有 如 此 之 緊 急 供 給 系 統 存在 所 產 生 之 緊 急 供 應 氣 流 也 可 以 再 循 環 至 分 離 設 備 , 代 替 消 耗 裝 置 從 分 離 設 備 所 須 變 更 或 另 增 之 —* 或 多 種 產 品 氣 流 〇 較 佳 者 > 在 壓 縮 機 系 統 之 損 害 或 局 部 損 害 事 故 中 兩 種 組 成 不 同 之 產 品 氣 流 再 循 環 至 分 離 設 備 例 如在 空 氣 分 離 情 形 中 之 氮 氣 流 和 氧 氣 流 〇 結 果 > 有 可 能 在現代 程 序 控 制 技 術 範 圍 內 以 循 環 系 統 之 組 成 實 質 下 適 當 進 料 氣 體 〇 在 最 佳 狀 況 中 y 不 僅 循 環 產 物 氣 流 之 總 流 速 7 而 且 其 相 對 流 速 均 可 設 定 以 使 儘 量 確 實 對 應 於 不 足 之 進 料 氣 體 流 速 〇 因 此 第 一 進 料 氣 體 壓 縮 機 之 損 失 不 會 直 接 影 響 分 離 程 序 — 一 分 離 設 備 實 際 上 不 會 承 受 到 此 種 進 氣 壓 縮 中 之 嚴 重 操 作失 誤 〇 顯 然 兩 種 循 is 氣 流 ( 厂 輔 助 氣 流 J ) 也 可 以 形 成 爲 緊 急 供 應 氣 流 之 一 部 或 全 部 〇 當 一 個 第 一 和 一 個 第 二 進 料 氣 體 壓 縮 機 被 並 聯 於 壓 縮 機 系 統 內 時 , 可 用 本 發 明 之 緊 急 連 接 特 別 是 當 兩 個 進 料 氣 體 壓 縮 機 之 一 完 全 或 局 部 喪 失 之 時 〇 在 此 情 形 中 兩 部 進 料 氣 體 壓 縮 機 可 以 採 入 進 料 氣 體 之 兩 部 份 氣 流 或 經 由 共 用 管 線 j 於 此 情 形 則 此 共 用 管 線 例 如 具 有 —* 個 過 濾 器 9 或 是 可 以 將 兩 部 進 料 6- 氣 體 壓 縮 機 各 S 之 入 P 連 539840 五、 發明說明 ( 5〕 接 至 分 離 之 進 氣 管 線 y 其 爲 獨 .X^ 於 其 也 進 料 氣 體 壓 縮機 進 氣 管 線 者 〇 原 則 上 可 以 導 引 循 xm 的 輔 助 术Vi 流 或 各 氣 流 分 開 進 入分 開 的 裝 置 例 如 進 入 梢 餾 塔 〇 然 而 如 果 循 ra 之 產 物氣 流 或 各 個 循 TfiEL 氣 流 與 進 料 氣 體 經 壓 縮 之 第 二 部 份氣 流 混 合 且 混 合 物 被 合倂 導 入 於分 離 設 備 J 例 如 進 入空 氣 分 離 器 之 冷 箱 (C oldb ox) 0 混 丨合 •可 ‘以 ‘進 ;行 :於 ‘用 於 ‘進 :料氣 之 純 化 裝 置 之 上 游 或 下 游 則 更 爲 快 速 〇 例 如 y 循 環產 物 氣 流 或 各 氣 流 可 以 直 接 導 入 用 於 進 料 氣 體 之 冷 卻 裝置 , 例 如 直 接 接 觸 之 冷 卻 器 〇 爲 了 壓 縮 被 循 rm 之 產 物 氣 流 所 用 較 佳 裝 置 , 在無失 誤 之 操 作 中 , 是 用 於 產 生 所 需 之 產 物 壓 力 〇 這 Itb 裝 置可 以 是 例 如 —* 種 多 級 氣 體 壓 縮 機 ( 外 壓 縮 ) J 及/或一 1重用 於 內 壓 縮 之 裝 置 > 其 係 包 含 一 液 體 泵 和在 流 體 狀 態 中蒸 發 產 物 氣 流 以 產 生 壓 力 之 機 構 〇 在 外 壓 縮 之 情 形 中 ,待 循 之 產 物 氣 流 在 氣 體 壓 縮 機 下 游 或 從 其 中 間 階 段 之一 個 出 □ 被 帶 走 〇 在 純 粹 內 壓 縮 之 情 形 中 帶 走 發 生 於用 於 產 物 蒸 發 之 熱 交 換 器 下 游 例 如 在 主 熱 交 換 器 丄山 m 。顯 然 1 內 與 外 壓 縮 也 可 合倂 於 同 一 產 物 氣 流 〇 在 空 氣 分離 之 情 形 中 氮 常 被 內 壓 縮 而 氧 接 受 外 壓 縮 〇 應 用 本 發 明 之 — 重 要 場 合 是 如 上 所 述 之 空 氣 分 離 設備 1 尤 其 是 低 溫 空 氣 分 離 設 備 〇 在 此 之 中 進 料 氣 體 由 空氣 形 成 分 離 設 備 則 由 空 氣 分 離 設 備 構 成 而 循 環 產 物氣 流 或 各 循 環 產 物 氣 流 則 由 氮 產 7 - 物 氣 流 及 /或由氧產物氣流 539840 五、發明說明(6) 及/或由來自緊急供應系統各對應氣流所形成。在低溫空 氣分離器之情況中,「分離設備」包含整個冷箱,含有 用於氮/氧分離之(各)精飽塔和主要熱交換器。較佳爲一 種典型之Linde雙塔設備。然而,本發明可以用於其他 的雙塔程序,單塔程序或於具有三或更多個塔之程序。 特別有利者,本發明可以用於與IGCC設備連接之空氣 分離程序中,其如在德國專利243423 8 ; 23 5 03 1 93 ; Springmann,在 Technik und Wissenschaft (技術與科學 ),5 1 / 1 9 8 2,第 5 5 - 6 5 頁,R〇ttman,S choenpflug 之「 煤氣化發電站氧之供應」(合倂循環法);BMFT-硏究 報告,T 82-018,Beysel,Sommerfeld,VGB 會議「煤 之氣化 1991」,16-17.05.1991,Dortmund,演講 D1 ; 歐洲專利75 8 73 3 B1 ;德國專利1 98 1 83 08A1 ;德國專利 申請案1 0 052 1 80,其爲不具比較本申請案及對應各申請 案爲早之優先權;和德國專利申請案10103968與 1 0 1 03 95 7,其爲不具比較本申請案及其對應各申請案爲 早之優先權。 原則上,本發明之產物再循環可以用於任何至少具有 兩個進氣壓縮機並聯運轉之氣體分離程序,尤其是用於 任何至少兩個並聯之空氣壓縮機之空氣分離程序。再者 ,產物再循環也可以用於具有單一壓縮機之分離程序。 然而,如果如此完全失效,則整個生產必須從頭再循環 ,其即爲無終端產物可供給消耗裝置或各消耗裝置。然 而,在某些狀況中,爲求在受控制之狀況下關閉分離設 539840 五、發明說明(7) 備或使其保持運轉(是所謂空轉模式),如此仍可稱爲 方便。 本發明也關係一種用於氣體分離之設備,尤其如申請 專利範圍第1 3項之空氣低溫分離。 本發明及其他之發明細節將參考圖式所示例示具體例 更爲詳細說明如下。實施例關係低溫空氣分離設備,其 係用於供應一種IG C C程序者。 進料空氣經過共用之空氣管線1、3而通過過濾器2, 然後分成第一部份4和第二部份5。第一部份4被帶至 第一空氣壓縮機6使達第一壓力,例如1〇巴。空氣壓 縮機爲氣體渦輪系統1 0之~部,其中尙有一燃燒室Η ’一發電機1 2和一氣體渦輪膨脹器1 3,後者驅動發電 機1 2 ’和一第一空氣壓縮機(氣體渦輪壓縮機)6,並 經由機械結合。 經壓縮之第一部份空氣7,只有一部份8用作進料空 氣以供給空氣分離器,並形成「進氣之第一部份氣流」 。所餘9流入燃燒室1 1而用作燃燒燃燒料氣體1 4之氧 化劑。從燃燒而排放之氣體1 5在氣體渦輪膨脹器1 3內 膨脹做功。 空氣之第二部份5形成「進料氣體之第二部份氣流」 ,並在第二空氣壓縮機16中引起與第一壓力相同,進 料空氣之兩種已壓縮部份之氣流8、1 7被聯合進料,經 由管線1 8而至一直接接觸之冷卻器1 9。在此實施例中 ,第一和第二部份之氣流各形成約5 0%之空氣總量而流 539840 五、發明說明(8 ) 經管線1 8。燃燒空氣之量在此項計算中不予列計。 在直接接觸之冷卻器19中,進料空氣與水20進入直 接的熱交換器。經加熱之水2 1從直接接觸之冷卻器底 部排出,經冷卻之空氣22在頂部排放,後者被給入於 純化裝置23,其中例如含有一對分子篩吸附劑,可以切 換。經過純化之空氣2 4之一小部份2 5被提取供送至消 耗裝置爲儀具用之空氣或壓縮空氣。其餘分配至管路26 和27,並流入分離設備之冷箱(未示)。更準確而言, 對於主要熱交換器系統之暖端,在實施例中,包含三段 2 8a、2 8b、2 8c。空氣氣流26以接近第一壓力(減去管 路損耗)給入至28b和28c各段之暖端(管線29b、29c 、30b、30c)。一部份31b、3 1c流經主熱交換器而至冷 端,最後經管線3 2以氣態被導入精餾系統之高壓塔3 3 ,系4充中尙有一低壓塔34和一冷凝一蒸發器(主冷凝 泵)35。另一部份36b、36c從主熱交換器28b和28c各 段被提取(36b、3 6c)於中間溫度而在冷端之上,並給入 作爲平衡氣流36a而至他段28a,在一對應之中間點以 求被冷卻至冷端,最後並且經由管線3 7和3 2給至高壓 塔33。 空氣氣流27被送至附有後冷卻器39之第一再壓縮機 38而達第二壓力,其爲高爲第一壓力,例如87巴。一 部份空氣29a被壓縮至第二壓力,在主熱交換器系統之 2 8a段被冷卻至中間溫度,並經由膨脹渦輪41之管線 40作功膨脹至接近第一壓力。從渦輪4 1排出之二相混 -10- 539840 五、發明說明(9) 合物接受相分離43。氣相組份流經管線44和32而進入 高壓塔33,液相45、46直接導入低壓塔34。 被壓縮至第二壓力之空氣之另一部份47,在一具有後 冷卻器49之再壓縮機48中被加壓至例如87巴之更高 的第三壓力,並且也被導入(30a)於28a段。其係用於將 達於液態壓力之氧產物汽化,並於超臨界或液態從主熱 交換器之冷端釋出而膨脹(51)進入高壓塔33。 在高壓塔33頂上,氣態純氮52被取出,至少至於第 一部份53,在主冷凝器35內被液化。所成冷凝物54作 爲迴流5 5而加至高壓塔3 3,或經由管線5 6,再冷卻對 流熱交換器57、管線58、節流閥59、分離器(相分離 裝置)60和管線61而生成液體產物(LIN)。源自高壓塔 33頂上之一部份氣態氮52可經由管線62,主熱交換器 28c段和管線63而被直接取作中壓產物(LPGAN)。 用於低壓塔34之再循環液體64,在所舉具體例中’ 提取自高壓塔3 3之中間點’並在再冷卻5 7之後經由管 線65和節流閥66加至此塔頂上。此外’至少有一部份 已於中間膨脹於5 1之液化空氣被再提取自高壓塔3 3而 經由管線6 7,再冷卻(5 7)’並由管線6 8和節流閥6 9進 料至低壓塔3 4之相同中間點’在其間來自渦輪4 1之液 體空氣46也被導入。來自低壓塔33底部之液體粗氧70 ,在再冷卻57之後,經由管線7 1和節流閥72被稍爲 降低而給至低壓塔。 出自低壓塔34之不純塔頂餾份氮73被加溫於再冷卻 -11- 539840 五、發明說明(1〇) 之對流熱交換器57,並經由管線75a與75b分別給至主 熱交換器系統之28a段和29b段。在加熱至接近大氣溫 度之後,一部份低壓塔氮7 7被用作再生氣體7 7供至純 化裝置2 3或洩放進入大氣。另一部份如果適於以轉至 再壓縮機9 6之濕再生氣體9 4、9 5供給,加壓於產物壓 縮機78至所需之產物壓力,例如24巴,並經由管線79 提取作爲高壓產物(HPGAN)。 低壓塔34之液氧產物80用於四項不同之目的。第一 部份82用泵8 1送至主冷凝器3 5,並於其間相對於高壓 塔3 3之頂餾氮5 3作局部汽化。在主冷凝器3 5之蒸發 空間中所形成之二相混合物83再循環至低壓塔34。氣 態組份用作低壓塔34內之上行蒸汽。 第二部份和第三部份也用泵8 1輸送,在再冷卻於5 7 之後,如若適當則經管線85除去作爲液體產物(LOX); 或轉至主熱交換器28a段,於其間汽化並加溫,最後經 管線87排出作爲低壓產物(LPGOX) ° 第四部份以內壓縮使至極高之產物壓力,例如8 1 巴,適當之高壓產生於另一泵89,並將超臨界氧90導 入於主熱交換器系統之28a段,並加熱其間於高壓。經 內壓縮之氧,在加溫後經由管線93被提取作爲高壓產 物。 在設備之一般運轉模式中,所有加壓產物是以其整體 送至對應之消耗裝置手中,例如高壓氧93 ’送至一或多 個氣化單元而於其中產生燃氣14,而高壓氮送至燃燒室 -12- 539840 五、發明說明(11) 1 4或成排放氣體1 5 (未示)。如果氣體渦輪失效,在 極端短暫時間後,供應氣分離器用之進料空氣約有5 〇% 損失。根據本發明,在此時刻,適當比例之加壓產物7 9 、80經由以虛線表示之管路91和92引導進入直接接觸 冷卻器1 9 ’立刻取代空氣之流失量。因爲產物管線7 9 、93內之壓力高於空氣壓力(直接接觸冷卻器之操作壓 力),對此不必使用機器。管線9 1和92只需要裝設適 當的膨脹閥以防在直接接觸冷卻器1 9和下游純化裝置 23之上之壓力錘。對於再循環產物氣流91、92之流速 控制也可以用壓力調節器限制。就控制技術而言,此種 緊急連接可以設於溢流口控制之週圍;其將在氣體渦輪 膨脹器之旋轉速率中之一種狀況所引發。 表1 :常用操作模式(設計) 空氣流速 HP-GOX HP-GAN 380000 米 3(STP)/小時 >> 81000 米 3(STP)/小時 285000 米 3(STP)/小時 10巴 81巴 24巴 (STP=標準溫度、壓力) 轰2 :氣體渦輪懕縮機(GT-行程)之損失 空氣流速 HP-GOX HP-GAN 190000 米 3(STP)/小時 >> 81000 米 3(STP)/小時 285000 米 3(STP)/小時 190000 米 3(STP)/小時 << 41900 米 3(STP)/小時 150900 米 3(STP)/小時 «再循環 380000 米 3(STP)/小時 >> 39100 米 3(STP)/小時 134100 米 3(STP) 或予變更,再循環產物氣流也可以進料至冷卻裝置1 9 和純化裝置23之間的進料空氣管線。如果各氣流乾燥 ,與純化裝置23下游之進料空氣混合也可列入考慮’ 例如導入管線24。 -13- 539840 五、發明說明(13) 12…發電機 13…氣體渦輪膨脹器 14…燃氣 15…廢氣、排放氣體 16…壓縮機系統 17…壓縮空氣之第二部 18…空氣管線、進料氣體 19…直接接觸冷卻器 2 0…水 2 1…熱水 22…已冷卻空氣 23…純化裝置 24…純化空氣 25…(24)之小部份 26、2 7···管線 28(a)、(b)、(c)…主要熱交換器各段 29(a)、(b)、(c)…各段內之管線 30(a)、(b)、(〇…各段內之管線 31(b)、(〇…流動各部 32…管線 33…高壓塔 34···低壓塔 35…冷凝器一蒸發器(主冷凝器) 3 6a、b、c…提取各部 -15- 539840 五、發明說明(14) 37···管線 38···再壓縮機 39···後冷卻器 40…管線 41…膨脹渦輪 4 2…管線 4 3…相分離 44…管線 4 5…液體 4 6…液態空氣 4 7…空氣之一部 48…再壓縮機 49…後冷卻器 5 0…管線 51…膨脹 52···氣態純氮 53…(52)之第一部份 54…冷凝物 55…迴流 56…管線 57…再冷卻,對流熱交換器 58…管線 59···調節閥 60 、 61 、 62…管線 -16- 539840 五、發明說明(15) 6 4". 再循環液體 65… 管線 6 6··· 調節閥 67、 68…管線 6 9··· 調節閥 70·.· 液態粗氣 7 1". 管線 72… 調節閥 73… 不純溢流氮 74"· (73)之一部 75a 4 b…管線 76··· (73)之一部 77··· 再生氣體 78… 產物壓縮機 排放 79… 管線 8 0·.· 液氧產物 8 1". 泵 8 2… (80)之第一部 份 8 3… 二相混合物 8 4". (80)之第二部 份 85… 管線 8 6"· (80)之第三部 份 87、 88…管線 -17- 539840 五、發明說明(16) 89···壓縮機;泵 90…超臨界氧 9 1、9 2…管線;再循環輔助氣流,產物氣流 93…管線 94、95…濕再生氣 96···再壓縮機 -18-
Claims (1)
- 539840 六、申請專利範圍第91 104149號「以緊急操作分離氣體混合物之方法及裝置」 專利案 (91年7月修正) 六申請專利範圍 1· 一種在分離設備中分離氣體混合物之方法,在其中進料 氣體(18)於一壓縮機系統(6,16)中被壓縮至第一壓力,然 後導入至少一部份進入分離設備,於其中以常用之操作 模式至少產生一種第一產物氣流(91,92),其在壓縮機系 統(6,16)之損失或局部損失事故中,具有接近第一產物氣 流組成或接近進料氣體組成之第一輔助氣流,被引導 (78,89)至至少接近第一壓力並再循環至分離設備。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中之輔助氣流至少有 一部份由第一產物氣流(91,92)形成。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中輔助氣流至少有一 部份由取自貯存單元之第一緊急補充氣流所形成。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在壓縮機系統(6,16) 之損失或局部損失事故中,一由獲自分離設備之第二產 物氣流(92)及/或獲自貯存單元等所形成之第二輔助氣 流,其係具有與第一輔助氣流(91)不同之組成者,被壓縮 (89)至至少接近第一壓力而再循環至分離設備。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中再循環輔助氣流 (91,92)之相對流速設定於如此之一種狀況,其係使其混 合物對應接近於進料氣體(18)之組成。 6.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中再循環輔助氣流或 各氣流(91,92)之絕對流速被設置於如此之一種狀況,使 539840 六、申請專利範圍 其接近等於進料氣體之流速,其係由於壓縮機系統(6,16) 之損失或局部損失而使第一部份氣流(8)被減少者。 7·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在壓縮機系統內, 進料氣體之第一部份氣流被壓縮於第一進料氣體壓縮機 (6),而進料氣體之第二部份氣流被壓縮於第二進料氣體 壓縮機(16),且被壓縮之第一部份氣流(8)和被壓縮之第 二部份氣流(17)兩者至少有一部份被引導進入分離設備, 其若第一進料氣體壓縮機(6)發生損失事故,輔助氣流或 各輔助氣流至少被壓縮(78,89)至接近第一壓力,並被再 循環至分離設備。 8.如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中再循環之輔助氣流 或再循環各輔助氣流(91,92),與進料氣體經壓縮之第二 部份氣流混合。 9·如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中至少一部份再循環 之輔助氣流或再循環之各輔助氣流與進料氣體經壓縮之 第二部份氣流混合,其發生於用於進料氣體之純化裝置 (23)之上游或下游。 10·如申請專利範圍第8或9項之方法,其中至少一部份再 循環之輔助氣流或再循環之各輔助氣流與進料氣體經壓 縮之第二部份氣流混合’其發生於用於進料氣體之冷卻 裝置之上游或下游。 11·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中再循環之輔助氣流 或再循環之各輔助氣流是以內壓縮及/或外壓縮進行。 12.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中進料氣體以空氣(1,1 8) -2- 539840 六、申請專利範圍 形成’分離設備是以包含冷箱之低溫空氣分離設備形成, 而再循環輔助氣流或再循環之各輔助氣流形成自氮氣流 (73,74,77,91)及/或自氧氣流(80,88,89,90,93,92),其係排 放自空氣分離部份而作爲產物氣流,及/或取自一或多個 貯存單元者。 13·—種具有壓縮機系統和分離設備而用於分離氣體混合物 之裝置,其裝置具有連接壓縮機系統之出口至分離設備 之號人口的一種進料氣體之管線;用於引導接近分離設 備第一產物氣流組成或接近進料氣體組成之輔助氣流之 一種輔助管線(91,92);和在裝置處理習常操作模式中用 於關閉輔助管的一種控制裝置,而於壓縮機系統(6,16)之 損失或局部損失事故之中啓開輔助管線(91,92)。
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR2825119B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-23 | 2003-07-25 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation d'alimentation d'une unite de separation d'air au moyen d'une turbine a gaz |
FR2853407B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-02 | 2012-12-14 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de fourniture de gaz sous pression |
DE102004016931A1 (de) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-27 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur variablen Erzeugung eines Druckproduktes durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
FR2872262B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-29 | 2010-11-26 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de fourniture de secours d'un gaz sous pression |
US7409835B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2008-08-12 | Air Liquide Process & Construction, Inc. | Backup system and method for production of pressurized gas |
JP4594360B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-27 | 2010-12-08 | 神鋼エア・ウォーター・クライオプラント株式会社 | 深冷空気液化分離装置およびその運転方法 |
EP2312247A1 (de) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-20 | Linde AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von flüssigem Stickstoff durch Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung |
FR2961586B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-18 | 2014-02-14 | Air Liquide | Installation et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique |
WO2015003785A1 (de) | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung eines verdichteten gasstroms und verfahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperatur-zerlegung von luft |
BR112019003828A2 (pt) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-06-18 | 8 Rivers Capital Llc | método de separação de ar criogênica para produzir oxigênio em altas pressões |
CN111947395A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-17 | 日照钢铁控股集团有限公司 | 一种大型空分用离心空压机*** |
CN113606867B (zh) * | 2021-08-14 | 2022-12-02 | 张家港市东南气体灌装有限公司 | 一种能实现氧气内外压缩流程互换的空气分离装置及方法 |
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US3191393A (en) * | 1959-12-30 | 1965-06-29 | Air Reduction | Krypton-xenon separation from a gas mixture |
US3721097A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1973-03-20 | Cluett Peabody & Co Inc | Ammonia effluent recovery and liquefaction from textile treating zone |
US3901673A (en) * | 1972-12-15 | 1975-08-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Recovery of natural gas liquids by partial condensation |
FR2721383B1 (fr) * | 1994-06-20 | 1996-07-19 | Maurice Grenier | Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène gazeux sous pression. |
US5778700A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-07-14 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Method of producing gaseous oxygen at variable rate |
FR2774308B1 (fr) * | 1998-02-05 | 2000-03-03 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation combines de production d'air comprime et d'au moins un gaz de l'air |
DE19815885A1 (de) * | 1998-04-08 | 1999-10-14 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von gasförmigem Druckprodukt bei der Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
US5979183A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-11-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | High availability gas turbine drive for an air separation unit |
JP3428468B2 (ja) † | 1998-11-16 | 2003-07-22 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 空気液化分離方法 |
EP1031804B1 (de) * | 1999-02-26 | 2004-02-04 | Linde AG | Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft mit Stickstoff Rückführung |
-
2001
- 2001-03-09 DE DE10111428A patent/DE10111428A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-18 EP EP01117401A patent/EP1239246B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-18 AT AT01117401T patent/ATE304687T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-18 ES ES01117401T patent/ES2248202T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-18 DE DE50107420T patent/DE50107420D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-02-25 MX MXPA02001997A patent/MXPA02001997A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-05 AU AU21281/02A patent/AU782163B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-06 TW TW091104149A patent/TW539840B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-07 CN CNB021069166A patent/CN1279325C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-08 BR BRPI0200713-4A patent/BR0200713B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-08 CA CA2375570A patent/CA2375570C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-09 KR KR1020020012723A patent/KR100859384B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-11 US US10/094,137 patent/US6598424B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-11 JP JP2002064730A patent/JP2002277159A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2248202T5 (es) | 2011-10-24 |
BR0200713A (pt) | 2002-12-03 |
AU2128102A (en) | 2002-09-12 |
AU782163B2 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
CA2375570A1 (en) | 2002-09-09 |
EP1239246B1 (de) | 2005-09-14 |
ES2248202T3 (es) | 2006-03-16 |
CN1381704A (zh) | 2002-11-27 |
US6598424B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
KR100859384B1 (ko) | 2008-09-22 |
ATE304687T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
CN1279325C (zh) | 2006-10-11 |
CA2375570C (en) | 2010-11-02 |
BR0200713B1 (pt) | 2011-04-05 |
MXPA02001997A (es) | 2004-04-21 |
DE10111428A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
US20020170313A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
KR20020072251A (ko) | 2002-09-14 |
JP2002277159A (ja) | 2002-09-25 |
EP1239246A1 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
DE50107420D1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
EP1239246B2 (de) | 2011-06-08 |
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