經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 434595 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明說明（1 ) 〔發明領域〕 本發明關於電力電壓器/電抗器。 〔發明背景〕 變壓器已經出現於所有電能之輸配中，其工作是允許 於兩或多系統間之電能變化。變壓器係可作用於由V A至 1 Ο Ο Ο Μ V A之作動範圍。有關於電壓區域，用以至今 曰所用之最高輸送電壓一種頻譜存在。對於兩電機系統間 之能量傳送，電磁感應係被使用。 藉由電能之傳送，電抗器已經是一重要元件，例如於 相位補償及濾波時。 本發明Η標之變壓器/電抗器係有關於所謂之電力變 壓器/電抗器，其額定作用由幾百KVA至大於1 〇 〇 〇 Μ V A，額定電壓由約3 - 4 k V至很高之輸送電壓。 -般而言，電力變壓器之主要工件係允許能量互換於 兩或多數電氣系統之間’多數系統間係具有相同頻率之不 同電壓。 傳統電力變壓器/電抗器包含一變壓器鐵心，於此稱 鐵心，肉積層，較佳排列性片材，’·般由矽鐵作成。鐵心 包含爲軛所連接之鐵心柱°於鐵心柱旁，有若干繞組，其 係一般被稱爲初級’次級及控制繞組°有關於電力變壓器 ，這些繞組係實際沿著鐵心柱之Μ度作同心分佈。 有時，其他類型之鐵心結構可以被使用，例如包含於 所謂殼式變壓器或環鐵心變壓器中者。鐵心結構之例子係 _ -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A〗規格（210 X 297公釐） ----------- I ! 訂-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 434535 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作钍印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（2 ) 描述於德國專利D E 4 0 4 1 4中。該鐵心可以包含傳統 可磁化材料，例如上述之排列性片材，或其他可磁化材料 ，例如陶鐵磁體，非晶體材料，金屬線或金屬帶。當作爲 電抗器時，可以+包含可磁化鐵心。 上述之繞組係藉由一或多數串聯連接之線圈形成，並 有若干串聯連接之圈轉構成。個別線圈之圈轉係正常地接 合至-實體上與線圈其他部份分離之幾何連續單元。 一方面於一線圈/繞組內，及另一方而於線圈/繞組 及其他金屬元件間之絕緣系統係一般由一固態賽璐珞或最 接近個別導體元件之漆爲主絕緣材料構成，在其外面，固 態賽璐珞及液體同時可能氣體絕緣。具有絕緣及可能支柱 部件之繞組於此將代表較大體積將受到於變壓器之主動電 磁場部旁之強電場強度。爲了能預定出現之介電質負載及 取得於具有最少電氣崩潰之危險，則需要對絕緣材料特性 之良好知識。同時，完成周圍環境不改變或損壞絕緣特性 係重要的。 今口，多數用於高壓傳統電力變壓器/電抗器之共同 外部絕緣系統係包含形成固體絕緣之賽璐珞及形成液體絕 緣之變壓器油。變壓器油係基於所謂礦物油。 除了相當複雜結構外，傳統絕緣系統同時需耍特性之 製造Μ測，以取得絕緣系統之良好絕緣特性。系統應具有 一低濕度含量，於絕系統中之固相應被浸以包圍液體，及 於Μ相中之殘留氣袋之危險應爲最小。因此，於製造時， 一特殊乾燥處理被執行，以完成具有繞組之完成鐵心，於 ___ -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) — fill--I I---t·----!訂------I 11^. t (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4345 bb 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7_ 五、發明說明（3 ) 將其放置於盒內之前。於放置及密封盒時，盒係由特殊真 空處理，其被塡滿油前被排出所有氣體。此--處理構成總 製造時間之大部份’同時，其需要密集工程資源。 當製程需要氣體之完全排出時，爲了取得一接近絕對 真空，該包圍變壓器之盒或槽必須被構建用於一總真空， 導致材料及製造時間之額外消耗。 再者’安裝於場上需要重覆之真空處理，每次必須重 覆之處理’該變壓器已經被打開用於其他量測或檢視。 已經證實，藉由生產由上述絕緣高電壓導體作成之電 力變壓器/電抗器，具有類似於用於電力輸送之電纜之固 態絕綠’有可能取得多種優點。 用於本發明之絕緣電線或電纜係彈性及其係描述於 W〇 97/4 59 1 9 及W 0 97/45847 中所細述 之種類。有關之電纜之其他說明可以於 W097/45918 >W〇97/45930 -W 0 9 7 / 4 5 9 3 1號中找到。 因此’依據本發明之繞組係較佳地相當於具有固態， 抽出絕緣類型之電纜，如同今日用於電力配電，例如具 E P R絕緣之電纜或XL P E —電纜。此電纜包含由.或 多股作成之內導線，·包圍該導線之內半導體層，一包園 此內半導體層之固體絕緣層，及包圍該絕緣層之最外半導 體〖曾a此電纜係彈性，其係於本文中重要的特性，因爲本 發明之技術係）£要基於繞組系統，其中繞組係由電纜形成 ’該電纜於組合時被彎曲。一 X L P E電纜之彈性大致相 本紙張又度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 χ 2耵公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注咅屯事項再填寫本頁) 裝 -------訂--------- -6- 434595 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印« 五、發明說明（4 ) 關於具有3 0 ni m直徑之電纜約2 0公分之曲率半徑，及 具有8 0 m m直徑之電纜約6 5公分之曲率半徑。於本發 明中，名詞’’彈性”係用以表示繞組係彈性下至四倍於電纜直 徑之曲率半徑，較佳地8至1 2倍之電纜直徑。 繞組應被構建成保持其特性，即使當操作時，其被彎 曲及當其受/到熱或機械應力。於本文中，諸層間保有黏著 力係重要的。諸層之材料特性係具決定性的，特別是其彈 性及相對熱膨脹係數。例如，於X L P E電纜中，絕緣I# 包含交聯，低密度聚乙稀，及半導體層包含具有煤灰及金 屬粒子混於其間之聚乙稀•由於溫度上下變動造成之體積 變化係完全地由電纜之半徑之改變所吸收，由於諸Μ之熱 膨脹係數相對於這些材料彈性間之相對微小差異，徑向膨 脹可以發生而不會損及於層間之附著力。 上述材料之組合應只被認爲是例子而已。其他特定之 塡塞條件及半導體導電狀態，即具有於1 〇 _ 1 - 1 0 6歐 姆-公分範圍內，例如1 — 5 0 0歐姆—公分，或1 0 -2 0 0歐姆-公分自然地係落入於本發明之範圍中。- 例如絕緣層可以包含固態熱塑形材料，例如低密度聚 乙稀（LDPE)，高密度聚乙稀（HDPE)，聚丙稀 (ΡΡ)，聚丁稀（ΡΒ)，聚甲基戊稀（ΤΡΧ)，交 聯材料，例如交聯聚乙稀（X L Ρ Ε )，或例如乙稀丙稀 橡膠（EPR)或矽膠之橡膠。 內及外十_導體層可以是相同基材，但具有導體材料， 例如煤灰或金屬粉末混合於其中。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----------- 裝-------—訂---------I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 434595 _BT^__ 五、發明說明（5 ) 這些材料之機械特性，特別是熱膨脹係數係相當少地 與是否有煤灰或是金屬粉·末混入其中所影響至少需要用 以完成本發明所需之導電性之比例。絕緣層及半導體層因 此U有大致相同之熱膨脹係數。 乙稀—乙酸乙稀脂共聚物/茼橡膠（E V A / N B R )，丁基接枝聚乙稀，乙稀丙稀酸T脂共聚物（E B A ) 及乙稀丙稀酸乙脂共聚物（E E A )可以構成用於半導體 層之合適共聚物。 即使當不同類型材料被用作爲於各種層之基材時，吾 人想要熱膨脹係數能於大小上大致相同。這就是當上列材 料組合時。 上列之材料具有相當良好之彈性1具有E < 5 0 ◦ Μ P a之E係數，較佳< 2 Ο Ο Μ P a。該彈性是足夠使 於層中之材料之熱膨脹係數間之微小差異被吸收於彈件之 徑向中，使得裂縫或其他損壞不會發生，及使得層間不會 彼此脫離。於諸層中之材料是彈性的1及於諸層間之附著 力係至少相1司於材料最弱之大小。 兩半導體層之導率是足以大致等化沿著每·層之電位 。外半導體Μ之導電率係足夠地高以包圍電場於該電纜中 ，但足夠地低，而不會由於層之長度方向所感應之電流造 成重大之損失。 因此，每一半導體層大致構成等電位表面，以及，這 些Μ將大致包圍於其間之電場。 當然，其中並沒有物體用以阻止一或多數其他半導體 本紙張叉度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝---- 訂---------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -8 - 434595 A7 ___；___B7 1 " 晒· - 五、發明說明（6 ) 曆被安排於絕緣層中。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 於傳統絕緣油變壓器中’去除由鐵心及繞組中損失所 產生之熱係藉由油加以執行。因此，油必須以適當方式循 環於繞組包裝中並隨後被冷卻。油可以被強迫以流經繞組 ’似很多製造老採自循環。於自冷式變壓器中，油係被送 入變壓器盒之底部並隨後於流經繞組時被加熱。熱汕經由 變壓器之上部流出盒，並於散熱器或冷卻器中被冷卻。 由美國專利文件1 ，4 8 1 ，5 8 5中，得知將繞組 鑄於混凝上中。於此例子中，繞組包含所謂高壓電纜，其 鐵心係被一浸漬紙或漆或筚淸漆織物材料所絕綠，以及， 電纜係被塗以鉛。依據中請於1 9 1 9年之此發明，於實 用上，具有上述類型絕綠及相當硬金屬屏蔽將不能配合於 變壓器繞組中所需之曲率半徑及彎曲力量。具有後續崩潰 之絕緣被破壞之危險係相當地大。熱變化（熱膨脹）及其 他機械力量容易造成絕緣之空隙，於氣體體積中之部份釋 放所形成後，.空隙變成電氣崩潰之啓始點。再者，於此時 ， ''高壓〃被稱爲大約幾十k V之電壓及幾Μ V A之額定 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ，上述之電纜因此並不都適用於由今日所謂之”高壓”。 藉由其他繞組配置，繞組係被水平油流動所冷卻於一 廣泛範圍，油流動需要被阻擋件所控制。油之冷卻對更小 變壓器係簡單的。可能被提供有層疊冷卻肋之變壓器盒之 壁面將然後提供一足夠之冷卻面給油向下流動壁面。隨著 變壓器大小之增加，每單位面積之損失加大，冷卻必須更 有效。藉由變壓器之範圍大至幾十Μ V A ’具有自循環油 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210x 297公釐〉 434595 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（7 ) 之散熱器係經常被使用。較大變壓器一般被提供有小型冷 卻器，其具有循環泵及風扇，可能以水冷替代氣冷。 本發明之目的係解決上述之問題u這係藉由如申請專 利範圍第1項所述之電力變壓器/電抗器加以完成ύ依據 本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器包含至少一繞組’—般係安 排於可變幾何形狀之可磁化鐵心旁。爲/簡化以下說明’ 表示法 '、繞組〃將會如下所使用。繞組包含至少一導電體 ，.第一平導體層包圍該導體 > 一絕緣層安排於第一半導 體層旁，及..第二半導體層安排於絕緣層旁。再者’繞組 係被包圍於被塡以液體之容器中’該液體完成了冷卻。 當繞組被以上述方式構建時，電場將會被包圍，造成 接近於繞組外線圏末端之電場接近〇之相當大優點’及繞 組外之電場不必被控制。換句話說’電場已經以此方式加 以控制。這表示於鐵心內或於線圈之末端區域或於其間均 不能取得場°再者，變壓器/電抗器冷卻被完成。 於此，若第一半導體層之電位大致等於導體之電位’ 將會有另一優點》 於此，若第二半導體層大致形成一包圍導體之等電位 面 藉以，若至少電力變壓器/電抗器繞組之兩相鄰層具 有大致相同之熱膨脹係數，將會取得另一優點。藉以，當 繞組受到溫度改變時，繞組中不會發生磨擦。 於本文中，若導體包含若干股線，至少部份股線係彼 此電氣接觸，則將會是有利的。 ___- 10-__ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐〉 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 衮---- 訂---------線 A7 B7 五、發明說明（8) 於本文中，若三Μ之每一層係直接沿著整個接觸面連 接至相鄰層，將會有其他優點。 於本文中，若繞組係由一電纜，較佳高壓電纜形成， 則將會有另…優點。 於本文中，若高壓電纜係具有8 0及3 0 0 Omm2之 導電面積及於約2 〇至2 5 〇mm之外徑電纜將會是有另 一優點。 於本文中，若高壓電纜包含一金屬屏蔽或外罩會是一 優點。 若絕緣導體或高壓電纜具彈性，則將會是另一優點。 於本文中，若於絕緣導體或高壓電纜被彎曲時，諸層 係被彼此相黏著，則將會是一優點。 此一電纜之使用表示變壓器/電抗器之區域係受到高 電壓負載，係限定於電纜之固態絕緣。變壓器/電抗器之 其他部份只受到高電壓中之良好電場強度。再者，此一電 纜機構之使用表示多數於本發明背景所描述之定義所述之 問題可以被消除。絕緣將很簡單。相較於傳統電力變壓器 /電抗器之建構時間將是很短。繞組可以分開建立，及電 力變壓器/電抗器可以最後安裝於操作點上。 然而，此一電纜之使用造成之新問題必須被回答。外 半導體層必須I自:接接地或於電纜之兩端附近，使得於一般 操作電壓及暫態程序造成之電氣負載將只加載於電纜之同 態絕緣。該層及這些直接接地形成一閉路，其中於操作時 會感應一電流。爲了使於層中所取得之電阻損失可忽略， __- 11 - _ _ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.l規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂--------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 434595 經濟郭智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 A7 B7 五、發明說明（9) 該層之一電阻率必須足夠高。 除了此電磁感應電流，一電容電流將流經該層中’藉 Ftl於電纜兩端之直接接地。若該層之電阻率係選.擇’變成 太a，则該m容電流將限定使得諸層之部份之電位可以由 於電力變壓器/電抗器之其他區域分散接地運位較多於受 到電氣負載之繞組之固態絕緣。藉由直接接地半導體層之 幾點，’較佳地用於繞組之每一爾轉之一點，保證整個外層 將於接地電位，及若該層之導電率足夠地高，則該問題將 被消除。 這一接地外屏蔽之每一圈轉之一點可以藉由令定位於 發窀機h之接地點至一繞組及連接沿著繞組之軸長點電氣 連接及直接至一導電接地軌，其係然後連接至共同接地電 位。 爲了保持於外Μ中之損失儘可能地低’於層中之電阻 率係很高，則需要每圈冇很多接地點。於繞組上之每一圈 係被提供有一選擇景，然而等於外層之接地點之每一圈。 如同相同於上述接地點，接地點可以被定位於發電機至繞 組，及沿著繞組艮度之點係電氣連接至導電接地軌，諸軌 係然後連接至共同接地電位^然而’認爲接地點之選擇係 使得至接地軌之連接線中沒有感應任何磁流之方式加以完 成。爲了保證上述所述者，於接地點及接地軌問之連接線 應通過依據一較佳實施例之鐵心或軛。 於極端情形中，繞組可能受到暫態過電壓，該過電壓 係很快使得外半導體層之部份得到此一電位，電纜絕緣外 ____- 12 - _ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝.-------訂.---II--1 4 3 4 5 9 5 A7 B7 五、發明說明（10 ) 之電力變壓器/電抗器之其他區域受到不想要之電氣負載 ，爲f防止此一情形出現，若下·非線性元件，例如電火花 間隙，充氣二極體，齊納二極體或變阻器可以連接於該層 與接地端之間，用於每…圈之繞組。藉由連接…電容於外 半導體層及接地之間，可能防止不想要電氣負載之出現。 •電容降低了電壓負載至5 Ο Η z。這些接地原理將隨後 被稱爲”間接接地”。 個別被接地之接地軌可以經由以下加以接地： 1 .非線性元件，例如電花隙或充氣二極體， 2.並聯一電容之線性元件， 3 .電容 或這些元件之組合。 -較佳實施例之電力變壓器/電抗器係依據本發明加 以取得，若液體爲非導電液體。 於本文屮，若非導電液體爲一絕緣油，則是有利的。 電力變壓器/電抗器之較佳實施例係依據本發明加以 取得，若液體之相對介電係數e是相當低時，較佳地e S 1 0時。 電力變壓器/電抗器之另·較佳實施例係依據本發明 加以取得，若枏對介電係數e是相當地高，較佳地e > 10 = 於本文中，若第二肀導體層藉由每繞組之兩末端附近 而被接地，及於末端間之一點係直接接地則爲有利的。 電力變壓器/電抗器之一較佳實施例係依據本發明加 ___ -13- 本紙張又度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂---------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 4 3 4 A7 B7 五、發明說明（11 ) 以取得，若液體是低導電液體。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 於本文中，若低導電液體具有·比電阻r於1及 1 0 0 0 0 0 W m 之間。 因此，若低導電液體具有一比電阻r於1 〇至 1 0 0 0 0 W ηι之間，則取得另一優點。 因此，若低導電液體包含水，則有利的。 電力變壓器/電抗器之一較佳實施例係依據本發明加 以取得，若諸層係由抗水樹材料作成。水樹係某些類型外 露於水份之聚合物絕緣之老化現象並可能造成於絕緣之電 氣崩潰。 依據本發明，m力變壓器/電抗器之另一較佳實施例 係當若有水不滲透性層安排於該第一半導體層時被取得。 依據本發明，電力變壓器/電抗器之另一較佳實施例 係當若低導電液體包含.-有機極化液體被取得。 藉以，若有機極化液體包含乙二醇，丙稀醇，碳酸乙 稀，或碳酸丙稀將會有利。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 藉以，若有機極化液體係被加以添加物，用以調整液 體之導電能力將會是有利的。 藉以，若該添加物係包含四分之一銨鹽時則有利的v '依據本發明，若液體之相對介電係數e是相當低時， 較佳地e S 1 〇時，一較佳實施例被加以取得= ί衣據本發明，若相對介電係數e是相當地高，較佳地 e > 1 〇時，另一較佳實施例係被取得。 藉此，若容器爲具有圓柱之形狀及環狀剖面係有利的 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210x297公釐） ^14- 434595 A7 B7 ^---- 五、發明說明（12 ί靖先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 藉此，若容器被提供以η ( η 3 2 )電氣導體構件與 液體接觸係爲有利的，諸電氣導體構件係以電氣絕緣材料 分離，及其每一個係被直接接地，該電氣連接線係完成於 第二半導體層及電氣導電構件之間。 依據本發明，若容器係由電氣導電扇區構成，則取得 -電力變壓器/電抗器之較佳實施例，諸扇區係被η絕緣 中間扇區所分離。 依據本發明 '若容器係由電氣絕緣材料構成，則取得 -電力變壓器/電抗器之較佳實施例，該η電氣導電構件 係包含η電極電氣導電材料並被安排於容器內並與液體接 觸。 依據本發明，若η點（η 2 2 )係被至少一繞組之至 少·圈所直接接地，則取得電力變壓器/電抗器之另一較 佳實施例。 藉此，若η直接接地點係被接地，使得於η接地點間 之電氣連接線分割磁流爲η部件，以降低由接地所產生之 損失，則有利。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 鉛此，若繞組包圍一剖面積Α及若每一繞組圈之0周 具有長度1 ，則有利，其中於η接地點間之電氣連接線分 割該剖面積Α成η次面積A 1，A 2，... A η 使得 A = ΣΤ=1 A, 並將長度1除成n段落1 i，1 2，…1 η， 使得1 = h 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 434595 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1 _ _ Λ7 __JB7____ 五、發明說明（13 ) 及於η接地點問之電氣連接線係被構成，使得每一段 落1 :之末端係被電氣連接，使得只有次面積A ,被構作電 氣連接之環及段落1 ,所包圍，及條件 0 1 被滿足，Φ .爲經次面積A ;之磁流。 藉此，若當磁通密度Β於整個鐵心之剖面爲定値時’ 於η接地點間之電氣連接線係被安排呈滿足條件 Αι 1 i 了-丁 係有利的。 藉此，若第二半導體層係間接接地於每一繞組之至少 •點時，係有利的。 依據本發明，若間接接地係藉由一連接於第二半導體 層及接地間之電容加以執行時，則取得電力變壓器/電抗 器之較佳實施例。 依據本發明，若間接接地係藉由具有非線性電壓電流 特徵之元件連接於第二半導體層及接地間加以執行時，則 取得另·較佳實施例。 依據本發明，若間接接地係藉由連接於第二半導體層 及接地間之電路執行時，及該電路包含一非線性電壓電流 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4峴格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝---- 訂---------線 -16- 434bii5 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（14 ) 知·徵及並聯連接至·電容時，則電力變壓器〆電抗器之另 一較佳實施例被取得ΰ 藉此’若問接接地係藉由上述方式之組合加以執行時 ，則取得-優點。 籍此’若具有非線性電壓電流特徵之元件可以包含一 電火花間隙，一塡氣二極體，一齊納二極體或變阻器。 依據本發明’若電力變壓器/電抗器包含具有較空氣 爲尚之導磁率之鐵心材料時，則取得電力變壓器/電抗器 之較佳實施例。 依據本發明’若電力變壓器/電抗器係被提供以沒有 具空氣爲筒之導磁率之鐵心材料時，則取得電力變壓器/ 電抗器之較佳實施例。 藉此，若繞組係彈性及諸層係彼此支撐，則有一優點 〇 藉此’若諸層係由具有彈性及於熱膨脹係數間之關係 使得由操作時溫度變化造成之層之體積變化可以被材料之 彈性所吸收時，則有·優點，以使得諸層於溫度變化時仍 保持彼此相靠近。 藉以，若於諸層中之材料具有高彈性時，則有一優點 〔圖式之簡要說明〕 本發明將以參考附圖方式以較佳實施例之詳細說明來 更詳細解釋本發明。於圖中： 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公f〉 17 -------------Ε------II 訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 434595 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ________ B7 五、發明說明（15 ) 第1圖爲一尚壓電續之剖面圖， 第2圖不出依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器之第_一 實施例’ 第3圖示出依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器之第二 實施例， 第4圖爲依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器之第一實 施例， 第5圖爲具有每圈三接地點之繞組之立體圖，諸繞組 係包含於依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器之内， 第6圖示出每·繞組圈具有一直接接地點及兩間接接 地點之繞組立體圖1 2諸繞組係被包含於依據本發明之電力 變壓器/電抗器中，及 第7 a及7 b圖示出用以完成間接接地之不同元件3 卞要元件對照表 10 高壓電纜 12 股線 14 第一半導體層 16 絕緣層 18 第二半導體層 10 0 電力變壓器/電抗器 10 2 容器 10 4 導電扇區 10 6 絕緣®區 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 ------- 訂---------線 1 ________-18 -_ 2 本紙張尺度適用中關家標準（CNS)A1現格（21ΰ X 297公餐） 434595 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（16 ) 1 0 8 電氣連接線 110 接地 112 鐵心 114 圓柱孔 12 2 容器 12 4 電極 130 電力變壓器/電抗器 13 2 容器 13 4 鐵心柱 2 0 鐵心柱 2 2 繞組 2 4 距離構件 30 接地元件 3 4 電氣連接線 3 6 間隙 3 8 火花間隙 4 0 電容 5 2 火花間隙 5 4 電容 5 6 齊納二極體 〔較佳實施例之詳細說明〕 於第1圖中 > 一高壓電纜1 0之剖面圖被示出，該電 纜傳統上被用於電力輸送中。如所示之高壓電纜1 0例如 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CN'S)A4規格（210 X 297公i ) <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ----1---訂---------*5^ -19 - A7 B7__ 五、發明說明（17 ) 是一標準1 4 5千伏之X L P E電纜，沒有外罩及屏蔽。 高壓逭纜1 0包含電氣導線’其可以包含一或多數股線 丄2 ,其具有.圓剖面並由銅（C u )製成。這些股線 1 2被安排於高壓電纜1 0之中心。於股線1 2旁安排有 一第一半導體層1 4。於第一半導體層1 4旁安排有例如 X L P E絕緣之絕緣層1 6。於絕緣層1 6旁’安排有第 一半導體層1 8 3三層被安排以彼此相黏著，即使當電纜 被彎曲時。所示之電纜爲彈性’這特性係保存於電纜之整 合壽命中。 於第2圖中，示出依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器 之第一實施例。電力變壓器/電抗器1 〇 〇包含至少一繞 組（未示出，相較於第4及5圖），繞組例如被提供以如 第1圖所示之高歷電續1 〇。繞組係被包圍於一容器 i 〇 2中，其被塡以液體。於第2圖所示之實施例中，容 器1. 0 2係由四個電氣導電構件1 0 4 i，1 0 4 2， 1 ◦ 4 3，1 0 4 4所構成。於此情形中，電氣導電構件係 包含電氣導電扇區1 〇 4 ]’ 1 0 4 2，1 〇 4 3，1 〇 4 ! ，其係與W器1 0 2中之液體接觸。電氣導電扇區1 〇 4 1 ，：1 0 4 2，1 0 4 3，1 〇 4 4係被電氣絕綠材料所分離 ，此時，Μ四個絕緣中間扇區1 0 6 !，1 〇 6 2， 1 0 6 3，1 0 6 1。電氣導電扇區之數量及電氣絕緣扇區 之數量並小一定要爲4。於一般情形中，有η ( η 2 2 )電 氣導電扁區1 0 4 !，1 0 4 2 ...... 1 〇 4 ,,及η電氣絕緣 扇區1 ◦ 6ι，1 〇 62，…1 〇 6η。於示於第2圖之實 -?n- 本纸張K度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) i 裝--------訂-------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 hi 43^595 _B7_______ 五、發明說明（18 ) 施例中，液體包含低導電率液體。這造成於繞組及電氣連 接0區1 0 4 i，1 0 4 3，1 〇 4 3 1 1 0 4 1間之電氣連 接完成。若繞組被提供以示於第1圖之高壓電纜1 〇，於 第二半導體層18(示於第1圖）及電氣導電扇區104! ，1 ◦ 4s.......，1 〇 4u間之連接被完成。液體同時完 成繞組之冷卻=於此實施例中’電氣導電扇區1 〇 4 1， 1 042，104 :i’ 1044係藉由電氣連接1〇8ι’ 1 ◦ 8 2，1 〇 8 3，1 〇 8 4而直接接地。電氣連接（接 線）1 0 8 !，1 0 8 2，1 0 8 3 ’ 1 0 8 4 通過鐵心 1 1 2 (只示出），使得其分割鐵心1 1 2之剖面積A ( 及磁流f )呈四次表面A i - Α ί。藉由以上述之方式接地 ，於第二半導體屑1 8 (相較於第1圖）中之損失係被儘 口1能降低。若液體具有導電特質，則於液體中之感應電流 被調整，使得於液體中之感應電流不會造成太高之損失’ 及導電能力係足以完成高壓纜之半導體層之接地，有關於 接地及冷卻之問題係同時被解決。低導電液體合適具有比 電阻r ，於1至1 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 W m，最好是1 〇至 1 0 0 0 0 W m。直接接地之原理說明係參考第5圖，及 其相關說明= 於第3 _中，依據本發明之電力電壓器/電抗器之第 :苡施例係被示出。電力變壓器/電抗器1 2 0包含至少 一繞組（未示出，相較於第5及6圖），例如繞組係被提 供以示於第1圖之高壓電纜1 〇。繞組係被包圍於一容器 1 2 2中’其中被塡以液體。於第3圖所示之實施例中， ----- -21 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.i規格（2]0 X 297公釐） <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--- 訂---------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 434595 ____B7 五、發明說明（19) 容器1 2 2係由電氣絕緣材料作成。容器1 2 2被提供以 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 四個電氣導電構件1 2 4 1，1 2 4 2，1 2 4 3，1 2 4 .. ，其係由 FI 個電極 124!，1242，1243，124, 所構成’電極係由導電材料作成並被安排於容器1 2 2之 內側並與液體接觸。於一般情形中，有n ( n > 2 )電極 1 2 4 1，1 2 4 2 ’…1 2 4 Ί。於示於第3圖中之實施 例中’液體係包含低導電液，例如依據第2圖之中所示。 於此B施例中，電極1 2 4 1，1 2 4 2，1 2 4 3， 1 244係藉由電氣連接1 〇8i，1 〇82，]_ 〇8：ί， 1 .0 8 1所直接接地。以類似於笫2圖之電氣連接之方式， 電氣連接（導線）1081,1082,1083,108., 通過鐵心1 1 2 (未示出）’使得其分割鐵心1 1 2之剖 面積A (及磁流）成爲四次區域A 1 — A 4。其他部份，此 實施例係以相同於第2圖之實施例之方式動作》 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 示於第2及3圖之容器1 0 2及1 2 2均具有圓柱形 具有環狀剖面=如於第2及3圖所示，容器1 〇 2及 1 2 2同時包含大一蓋部及一底部°所示之容器1 〇 2， 122中，電力變壓器/電抗器100，120之鐵心/ 鐵心柱係被安排於提供於容器1 〇 2 ’ 1 2 2中之圓柱孔 1 1 4之中。 容器1 0 2，1 2 2同時可以被提供於一或兩件，而 沒有分離之底部u 於第4圖中，不出依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器 之第三實施例。電力變壓器/電抗器1 3 0包含至少一繞 -22 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4345 95 A7 B7 五、發明說明（20) 組（相較於第5及6圖未示出），繞組係例如被提供以第 1圖所示之高壓電纜1 0 =繞組係被包圍於容器1 3 2 之中，其中被塡以液體。如於第4圖中所示，容器1 3 2 係被提供以三個圓柱孔1 1 4 i，1 1 4 2 ’ 1 1 4 3，其 中安排有鐵心柱1 3 4 1，1 3 4 2，1 3 4 .3。由第4圖 中不能看見的是，容器1 3 2被提供以η電氣導電構件， 不是以相當於第2圖之η電氣導電扇區之形狀，就是以相 當於第3圖中與液體接觸之電極之形狀。於示於第4圖之 實施例中，液體係包含低導電液體，如同於第2及3圓中 者。以相同於笫2及3圖屮，直接接地係使得電氣連接分 割鐵心柱1 3 4 1，1 3 4 2，1 3 4 之剖面積Α (及磁 流，）成爲η次區域A ! - A η加以完成。至於其他部份，實 施例係以相同於第2及3圖中之實施例相同方式動作。 依據本發叨之電力變壓器/電抗器1 〇 〇，1 2 0， 1 3 0之實施例屮及示於第2至4圖之實施例，一低導電 液體被使用。取決於該液體之特徵，可以得到需要兩不同 類喂接地之例子。 若低導電液體具有相對介電係數e ，其係相當地高， 較佳地e > 1 ◦’則液體將完成間接接地或以電容方式脈 衝接地。所需的是另一接地，爲示於第2及3圖中之直接 接地。於本文中一合適低導電液是水。若層14，16， 1 8 (相較於第1圖）被提供以抗水樹材料，則水會合適 。於此，另一選擇是不滲水層被安排於絕緣層丨6及第二 斗導體層1 8之間。一具有高相對介電係數e之低導通液 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公髮） -23- I--If — — — —, - --------------- 1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 434595 A7 ____B7__五、發明說明（21 ) 體可以包含一有機極化液體。有機極化液體之例子是乙二 醇，丙稀醇，碳酸乙稀’或碳酸丙稀。有機極化液體可以 被供給.一添加劑’用以調整液體之導電能力。例如’添加 劑可以是四分之一銨鹽u 另-方面，若低導電液體具有相對介電係數e ’其係 相當地低，較佳e s 1 0時，液體將不足以完成有效問接接 地或脈衝接地。於此時’示於第2至4圖中之直接接地必 須補充-間接接地（相較於第6圖）。此低導電液具有e ^ 1 0之例子係具有例如四分之銨鹽添加劑之礦油。 依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器之四個實施例將被 取得，若於容器中之液體是一非導體或絕緣液體。取決於 液體之特性，其也可能取得需要不同類型接地之例子 若非導電或絕緣液體具有相當高之相對介電係數e ’ 較佳e 21 〇，則液體將完成間接接地或以電容方式脈衝接 地=藉由高電容經由液體向接地，而完成-一電容性脈衝接 地。--般而言，唯-需要之另一接地爲間接接地，但並不 完全相同於第2至4圖所示（相較於第5圖）° 然而，若非導電或絕緣液具有相當低之相對介電係數 e，較佳e s 1 〇，則液體將不會完成一間接接地或脈衝接 地。因此，不完全相同於第2及3圖所示之間接接地（相 較於第5圖）及需要一脈衝接地或間接接地（相較於第6 圖）。若液體爲非導體或絕緣體，容器沒有電氣導電構件 ，因爲沒有電氣連接可以完成於液體內。此一非導電液體 之例子是絕緣油。此絕緣油之例子係礦油’例如變壓器油 ^· I I I — I —11·— — —--—II r (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -24- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CN'S)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 434 5 95 A7 --------B7__ 五、發明說明（22) ’合成碳氫化合物及矽油。絕緣液冷卻電力變壓器/電抗 器’但均未用於直接或間接接地。 於第5圖中，每圈具有Η個接地點之繞組之立體圖被 示出，繞組係被色含於依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器 中。於第5圖中，參考數2 0表示包含於電力變壓器/電 抗器中之鐵心柱=:於鐵心柱2 0旁安排有兩繞組2 2 1及 2 2 2，繞組係被提供有示於第1圖之高壓電纜1 〇。其中 有徑向距離構件2 4 ^，2 4 2，2 4 3，2 4 4，2 4 5， 2 4 s，以固定繞組2 2 !及2 2 2。於示於第5圖之例子 中，每一繞組圈具有六距離構件。於每一繞組2 2 !， 2 2 2之兩端2 6 ^，2 6 2，2 8 i，2 8 2 >外半導體層 係被接地（相較於第1圖以黑色表示之距離構件2 4 i ，2 4 3，2 4 5係用以完成每一繞組圈三個接地點。這些 距離構件2 4 i，2 4 3，2 4 5係因此被連接至高壓電纜 1 〇之第二半導體層。於繞組2 2 2之周圍及沿著繞組 2 2」之軸長度，距離構件2 4 ^係直接連接至第一接地元 件3 0 :，距離構件2 4 2係直接連接至第二接地元件 3 C 2及距離構件2 4 5係直接連接至一第三接地元件 3 0 。接地元件3 0 !，3 0 2，3 0 a可以包含接地連接 至共同接地電位3 2之軌3 0 ^，3 0 2，3 0 3。三個接 地元件3 0 1，3 0 2，3 0 係藉由兩電氣連接3 4 1， 3 4 2 (導線）而連接。電氣連接線3 4，係被導入安排於 鐵心柱2 0中之第一間隙3 6 !，並被連接至接地元件 3 0」及3 0 2。電氣連接3 4 2係被導入安排於鐵心柱 -25- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格mo X 297公t ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝------訂------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 434595 A7 ___B7______五、發明說明（23) 2 0中之第二間隙3 6 2中，並連接至接地元件3 0 1及 3 0 。間隙3 6 !及3 6 2係被安排使得其分割鐵心柱 2 0中之剖面積A (磁流）成爲三個次區域A !，A 2， A 3。間隙3 6 i 1 3 6 2因此分割鐵心柱2 0成三個部份 2 0 !，2 0 2，2 0 3。這造成有關接地軌被磁化感應時 不會有電流…藉由上述之方式接地，於第二半導體層之損| 失被保持儘可能地低。於第6圖中’繞組之立體圖被示出 ，該繞組每圈具有直接接地點及雨間接接地點，並被包 含於依據本發明之電力變壓器/電抗器之中。於第6圖中 ，參考數2 0表示包含於電力變壓器/電抗器中之鐵心柱 。於其中，兩繞組2 2 i，2 2 2係被安排於鐵心柱2 0之 旁，該繞組係被提供以如第1圖所示之高壓電纜1 〇。繞 紺2 2 !，2 2 2每繞組圈係被六個距離構件2 4 1，2 4 2 ，2 4 ._!，2 4 4，2 4 5，2 4 6所固定。於每一繞組 22!，222 之末端 26!，262，28ι，282，第 二半導體層係被接地（相較於第1圖）。於此例子中，以 黑色表示之距離構件2 4 !，2 4 3，2 4 3係用以於每一 繞糾圈完成…直接及兩間接接地點。距離構件2 4 t係直接 連接至第-接地元件3 0 >，距離構件2 4 3係直接連接至 第二接地元件3 0 2及距離構件2 4 5係直接連接至第三接 地元件3 0 3。如由第6圖中所見，接地元件3 Ο 1係直接 連接至接地3 6，而接地元件3 0 2，3 0 3係間接接地。 接地元件3 0 2係當其串聯連接至地端並經火花間隙3 4而 問接接地。接地元件3 0 3係當其串聯連接至地端及經由一 _______-26-_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ______B7五、發明說明（24 ) 包含並聯連接至一電容4 0之火花間隙3 8之電路而間接 接地。火花間隙3 4及3 8係非線性元件例子，即-種具 冇非線性電壓電流特徴之元件。 於第7 a及7 b圖中，分別示出兩用以間接接地之不 同元件。於第7 a圖中》間接接地係藉由電路5 0加以完 成，其包含一具有非線性電壓電流特徵之元件5 2並被並 聯連接至一電容5 4。於此例f中，具有非線性電壓電流 特徵之元件5 2係包含被塡入氣體之二極體，齊納二極體 或變阻器。於第Θ b圖中，間接接地係藉由一齊納二極體 5 6完成。 於實際上，上述之直接及間接接地之原理係取決於使 用液體之特性而被以略微不同方式執行。有以下四種情形 1 .繞組係被浸入於具有低相對介電係數e之非導電 液中。直接接地係依據第5圖加以執行及間接接地係依第 6圖加以執行。 2 .繞組係被浸入於具有高相對介電係數e之非導電 液體屮。間接接地係依據第5圖加以執行，同時，間接接 地係經由液體完成高電容。 3 .繞組係被浸入具有高相對介電係數e之低導電液 體.首先，-依據第2至4圖及具有導構件之容器被使用 。問接接地係由於液體之至地間之高電容而完成。間接接 地係依據第5 _之原理而部份完成。差異在於當液體具相 當導電性時，相較於第5圖並不需要特殊接地元件3 0。 ----------_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNTS)A.l規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在3⑽5 a7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（25) 至地端之接地係平均地沿著於電纜之第二/外半導體層及 低導霜液體建立。電流將然後至電氣導電構件1 〇 2 / 1 2 4，其中電流被捕捉並導引至地端°另一方面，電氣 導電構件係以示於第2至5圖之方式被連接至地端。 4 .繞組被浸入具低相對介電係數e之低導電液體。 於此情形中，依據第2至4圖並裝有電氣導電構件之容器 被使用。直接接地係部份依據第5圖之原理加以完成’及 間接接地係部份依據第6圖加以完成。差異在於當液體爲 低導電時，相較於第5及6圖並不需要特殊接地元件3 0 。與地端之接觸係平均地沿著於電纜之第二/外半導體及 低導窀液間之整個電纜加以建立。電流然後至電氣導電構 件1 0 2 / 1 2 4，其中電流被捕捉並導引至地端。另一 方面’導電構件係連接至間接接地並以如第2至6圖所示 之方式直接接地。 另一方面，應說明的是上述之方法，直接或間接接地 ，經由液體或分離元件係被同時組合或呈現。 於上述圖中，電力變壓器/電抗器包含一可磁化鐵心 。於此情形中，應說是電力變壓器/電抗器可以包含具有 較空氣爲高之導磁率材料作成之鐵心3 本發明並未限定於上述之實施例中，於以下之申請專 利範圍之架構下之幾項修改仍是可能的。 ------— — — — — —— -HI —--—訂- —111 —--f .1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張又度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（2〗〇 X 297公釐） -28-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 434595 A7 ___B7_ V. Description of the Invention (1) [Field of Invention] The present invention relates to a power voltage / reactor. [Background of the Invention] Transformers have appeared in the distribution of all electrical energy, and their job is to allow the electrical energy to change between two or more systems. The transformer system can operate in the range from V A to 100 μM V A. Regarding the voltage region, a spectrum exists for the highest transmission voltage used so far. For energy transfer between two motor systems, electromagnetic induction is used. Reactors are already an important component through the transmission of electrical energy, such as in phase compensation and filtering. The target transformer / reactor of the present invention relates to a so-called power transformer / reactor, which has a rated function of several hundred KVA to more than 1000 VA, and a rated voltage of about 3-4 k V to a very high voltage. Voltage. -In general, the main work piece of a power transformer allows energy to be interchanged between two or more electrical systems', with most systems having different voltages of the same frequency. Traditional power transformers / reactors include a transformer core, which is referred to herein as a core, a layer of meat, and a better alignment sheet, which is generally made of ferrosilicon. The iron core contains the iron core connected by the yoke. There are several windings next to the iron core, which are generally called primary and secondary and control windings. For power transformers, these windings are actually made along the M degree of the iron core. Concentric distribution. Sometimes, other types of core structures can be used, such as those contained in so-called shell transformers or toroidal core transformers. An example of the core structure is _ -4- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A〗 (210 X 297 mm) ----------- I! Order ------- -(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 434535 Consumer cooperation of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) is described in German patent DE 4 0 4 1 4. The core may include a conventional magnetizable material, such as the above-mentioned arrayed sheet, or other magnetizable material, such as a ceramic ferromagnet, an amorphous material, a metal wire, or a metal strip. When used as a reactor, + can include a magnetizable core. The above windings are formed by one or a plurality of coils connected in series, and are formed by a plurality of series-connected turns. The loops of individual coils are normally connected to-geometrically continuous units physically separated from the rest of the coil. The insulation system in one coil / winding on the one hand, and between the coil / winding and other metal components in the other is generally composed of a solid celluloid or lacquer closest to the individual conductor components as the main insulation material. Celluloid and liquids can also be gas insulated at the same time. Windings with insulation and possibly pillar components will represent a larger volume that will be subjected to the strong electric field strength next to the active electromagnetic field portion of the transformer. In order to be able to schedule the appearance of the dielectric load and obtain the risk of minimal electrical breakdown, a good knowledge of the properties of the insulating material is required. At the same time, it is important to complete the surrounding environment without changing or damaging the insulation characteristics. Today, most common external insulation systems used in high-voltage traditional power transformers / reactors include celluloids that form a solid insulation and transformer oils that form a liquid insulation. Transformer oil is based on so-called mineral oil. In addition to the rather complicated structure, the traditional insulation system also needs to be manufactured in order to obtain good insulation characteristics of the insulation system. The system should have a low humidity content, the solids in the insulation system should be immersed in the surrounding liquid, and the risk of residual air pockets in phase M should be minimal. Therefore, during manufacturing, a special drying process is performed to complete the finished core with windings. At ___ -5- this paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) — fill-- I I --- t · ----! Order ------ I 11 ^. T (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 4345 bb Printed by A7, Consumer Cooperatives, Bureau of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Economic Affairs B7_ 5. Description of the invention (3) Before placing it in the box. When the box is placed and sealed, the box is treated with a special vacuum, and all the gas is exhausted before it is filled with oil. This-processing constitutes a large part of the total manufacturing time. At the same time, it requires intensive engineering resources. When the process requires complete exhaustion of the gas, in order to obtain a near absolute vacuum, the box or tank surrounding the transformer must be constructed for a total vacuum, resulting in additional consumption of materials and manufacturing time. In addition, the vacuum installation which needs to be repeated on the field, and must be repeated each time, the transformer has been opened for other measurement or inspection. It has been confirmed that, by producing a power transformer / reactor made of the above-mentioned insulated high-voltage conductor, it is possible to obtain a variety of advantages similar to a solid green insulation of a cable for power transmission. The elasticity of the insulated wire or cable used in the present invention and its types are described in detail in WO 97/4 59 1 9 and WO 97/45847. Other instructions about the cables can be found in W097 / 45918 > WO97 / 45930 -W 0 9 7/4 5 9 3 1. Therefore, the winding system according to the present invention is preferably equivalent to a cable having a solid state, withdrawable insulation type, as it is used in power distribution today, such as a cable with E P R insulation or an XL P E-cable. This cable contains inner conductors made of. Or multiple strands, the inner semiconductor layer surrounding the conductor, a solid insulation layer inside the semiconductor layer inside the packet, and the outermost semiconductor surrounding the insulation layer. This is an important feature in this article because the technology of the present invention is based on a winding system, where the winding system is formed by a cable 'the cable is bent when combined. The elasticity of a XLPE cable is roughly the same as that of this paper and it is also applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇χ 2 耵 mm) (please read the note on the back before filling this page) -Order --------- -6- 434595 Α7 Β7 Consumption cooperation between employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Du Yin «V. Description of the invention (4) About a cable with a diameter of 30 ni m has a curvature of about 20 cm Radius, and a radius of curvature of about 65 cm for a cable with a diameter of 80 mm. In the present invention, the term "elasticity" is used to indicate that the winding system has a radius of curvature that is four times the cable diameter, preferably 8 to 12 times the cable diameter. The winding should be constructed to maintain its characteristics, even if When operating, it is bent and when it is subjected to thermal or mechanical stress. In this paper, it is important to maintain the adhesion between the layers. The material properties of the layers are decisive, especially their elasticity and relative thermal expansion coefficients. For example, in XLPE cables, the insulation I # contains cross-linking, low-density polyethylene, and the semiconductor layer contains polyethylene with coal ash and metal particles mixed in between. • Volume changes due to temperature fluctuations are entirely caused by Absorbed by the change in the radius of the cable, due to the relatively small differences in thermal expansion coefficients of these materials relative to the elasticity of these materials, radial expansion can occur without compromising the adhesion between layers. The combination of the above materials should only be considered It's just an example. Other specific congestion conditions and semiconductor conduction states, that is, within the range of 1 _ 1-106 ohm-cm, such as 1-5 0 0 ohm-cm , Or 10-2 0 0 ohm-cm naturally fall within the scope of the present invention.-For example, the insulating layer may include a solid thermoplastic material, such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB), polymethylpentene (TPX), cross-linked materials, such as cross-linked polyethylene (XL PP), or such as ethylene-propylene rubber ( EPR) or silicone rubber. The inner and outer conductor layers can be the same substrate, but with conductive materials such as coal ash or metal powder mixed in. This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) ----------- Install --------- Order --------- I (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A7 434595 _BT ^ __ V. Description of the invention (5) The mechanical characteristics of these materials, especially the thermal expansion coefficient, are relatively little related to the presence of coal ash or metal powder. The effect of mixing in at least the conductivity required to complete the invention The insulation layer and the semiconductor layer therefore have approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion. Ethylene-Ethylene Acetate Copolymer / Stainless Oak (EVA / NBR), butyl-grafted polyethylene, ethylene-acrylic acid T-ester copolymer (EBA) and ethylene-acrylic acid ethylene-ester copolymer (EEA) can constitute suitable copolymers for semiconductor layers. Even when different types of materials are used as substrates for various layers, we want the thermal expansion coefficients to be approximately the same in size. This is when the materials listed above are combined. The materials listed above have fairly good elasticity. 1 has E. < 5 0 ◦ E coefficient of M Pa, better < 2 0 0 Μ Pa. The elasticity is sufficient so that slight differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials in the layers are absorbed in the radial direction of the elastic member, so that cracks or other damage will not occur, and the layers will not separate from each other. The material in the layers is elastic 1 and the adhesion between the layers is at least 1 to the weakest of the material. The conductivity of the two semiconductor layers is sufficient to roughly equalize the potential along each layer. The conductivity of the outer semiconductor M is sufficiently high to surround the electric field in the cable, but sufficiently low without causing significant losses due to the current induced in the length direction of the layer. Therefore, each semiconductor layer roughly constitutes an equipotential surface, and these Ms will substantially surround the electric field therebetween. Of course, there is no object to prevent the fork of one or most other semiconductors from applying the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). -Order --------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-8-434595 A7 ___; ___B7 1 " Sun ·-V. Description of the invention (6) Calendar is arranged on the insulation layer in. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) In the traditional insulation oil transformer, the removal of the heat generated by the core and winding losses is performed by oil. Therefore, the oil must be circulated in the winding package in an appropriate manner and then cooled. The oil can be forced to flow through the windings, like many manufacturing methods are adopted from the circulation. In a self-cooled transformer, the oil is sent to the bottom of the transformer box and is then heated as it flows through the windings. Reshan exits the box through the upper part of the transformer and is cooled in a radiator or cooler. It is known from U.S. Patent Documents 1, 4 1 1 and 5 8 5 that the windings are cast into the concrete. In this example, the windings consist of so-called high-voltage cables, the core of which is made green with an impregnated paper or lacquered or lacquered fabric material, and the cables are coated with lead. According to the invention in 1919, in practice, the above-mentioned type of absolutely green and fairly hard metal shielding will not fit the curvature radius and bending force required in the transformer winding. The danger of destruction of insulation with subsequent collapse is considerable. Thermal changes (thermal expansion) and other mechanical forces can easily cause insulation voids. After the release of a part of the gas volume, the voids become the starting point of electrical collapse. Furthermore, at this time, "high voltage" is printed by a consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs with a voltage of about several tens of kV and a rating of several megawatts VA. Therefore, the above cables are not all suitable for so-called "High Voltage." With other winding configurations, the winding system is cooled over a wide range by horizontal oil flow, and oil flow needs to be controlled by a barrier. Oil cooling is simpler for smaller transformers. The wall surface of the transformer box, which may be provided with stacked cooling ribs, will then provide a sufficient cooling surface for the oil to flow down the wall surface. As the size of the transformer increases, the loss per unit area increases, and cooling must be more effective. With the scope of the transformer as large as several tens of VA, the paper has a self-recycling oil, the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210x 297 mm) 434595, printed by the consumer property cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, A7 B7 V. Invention Note (7) The radiator is often used. Large transformers are generally provided with a small cooler, which has a circulating pump and a fan, and water cooling may be used instead of air cooling. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems. Completed by a power transformer / reactor as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application. The power transformer / reactor according to the present invention includes at least one winding, which is generally arranged next to a magnetizable core with a variable geometry. Simplifying the following description of the 'representation', the winding 〃 will be used as follows. The winding contains at least one electrical conductor. The first flat conductor layer surrounds the conductor. An insulation layer is arranged next to the first semiconductor layer, and the second The semiconductor layer is arranged next to the insulating layer. Furthermore, the 'winding system is enclosed in a container filled with a liquid', and the liquid is cooled. When the winding is constructed in the above manner, , The electric field will be surrounded, resulting in the considerable advantage of the electric field close to the end of the outer wire of the winding close to 0 'and the electric field outside the winding need not be controlled. In other words, the electric field is already controlled in this way. This is indicated in the core or No field can be obtained in the end region of the coil or in between. Furthermore, the transformer / reactor cooling is completed. Here, if the potential of the first semiconductor layer is approximately equal to the potential of the conductor ', there will be another advantage. Here, If the second semiconductor layer roughly forms an equipotential surface surrounding the conductor, another advantage will be obtained if at least two adjacent layers of the power transformer / reactor winding have approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion. Thus, when the winding is subjected to temperature changes Friction does not occur in the winding. In this article, if the conductor contains several strands, at least part of the strands are in electrical contact with each other, it will be advantageous. ___- 10 -__ This paper standard applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 衮 ---- Order --------- Line A7 B7 V. Invention (8) In this article, if each layer of 3M is directly connected to the adjacent layer along the entire contact surface, there will be other advantages. In this article, if the winding is formed by a cable, preferably a high-voltage cable, then There will be another ... advantages. In this article, if the high-voltage cable has a conductive area of 80 and 300 Omm2 and an outer diameter cable of about 20 to 250 mm, there will be another advantage. It is an advantage if the high-voltage cable contains a metal shield or cover. If the insulated conductor or high-voltage cable is flexible, it will be another advantage. In this article, if the insulated conductor or high-voltage cable is bent, the layers It will be an advantage if they are adhered to each other. The use of this cable indicates that the area of the transformer / reactor is subject to high voltage loads and is limited to the solid insulation of the cable. The other parts of the transformer / reactor are only exposed to good electric field strength in high voltage. Furthermore, the use of this cable mechanism means that most of the problems described in the definitions described in the background of the invention can be eliminated. Insulation will be simple. Compared with the traditional power transformer / reactor, the construction time will be very short. The windings can be built separately and the power transformer / reactor can be installed last at the operating point. However, new questions arising from the use of this cable must be answered. The outer semiconductor layer must be connected to ground or near both ends of the cable, so that electrical loads caused by normal operating voltage and transient procedures will only be applied to the homogeneous insulation of the cable. This layer and these direct grounds form a closed circuit where a current is induced during operation. In order to make the resistance loss obtained in the layer negligible, __- 11-_ _ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Al specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) Outfitting -------- Order -------- Consumer Cooperation with Employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics, Printed 434595 Economy Guo Intellectual Property Bureau, Employees' Cooperatives Print Clothing A7 B7 V. Invention Description ( 9) The resistivity of one of the layers must be high enough. In addition to this electromagnetically induced current, a capacitive current will flow through the layer's direct ground at both ends of the cable through Ftl. If the resistivity of the layer is selected to become too a, then the m capacity current will be limited so that the potential of parts of the layers can be distributed due to other areas of the power transformer / reactor. The solid insulation of the windings. By directly grounding the semiconductor layer, 'preferably for each turn of the winding, to ensure that the entire outer layer will be at ground potential, and if the conductivity of this layer is sufficiently high, the problem will be eliminated . One point of each revolution of this grounded external shield can be achieved by making the grounding point located on the generator h to a winding and connecting it along the length of the axis of the winding and directly to a conductive ground rail, which is then Connected to a common ground potential. In order to keep the loss in the outer M as low as possible and the resistivity in the layer is high, a lot of ground points are needed per turn. Each turn on the winding is provided with a selection, but equal to each turn of the ground point of the outer layer. As same as the above ground point, the ground point can be positioned from the generator to the winding, and the point along the winding is electrically connected to the conductive ground rail, and the rail systems are then connected to a common ground potential ^ However, 'the ground point is considered The choice is made so that no magnetic current is induced in the connection line to the ground rail. In order to ensure the above, the connection lines between the ground point and the ground rail should pass through the core or yoke according to a preferred embodiment. In extreme cases, the windings may be subjected to transient overvoltages. This overvoltage will soon cause this part of the outer semiconductor layer to obtain this potential, and the cable insulation is outside. __ 12-_ This paper standard applies to Chinese National Standards (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). Install .--------- Order.-II--1 4 3 4 5 9 5 A7 B7 5 2. The other areas of the power transformer / reactor of the invention description (10) are subject to unwanted electrical loads. In order to prevent this from happening, non-linear components such as spark gaps, inflatable diodes, Zener diodes A pole body or a varistor can be connected between this layer and the ground terminal for each… winding. By connecting ... the capacitor between the outer semiconductor layer and the ground, it is possible to prevent unwanted electrical loads. • The capacitance reduces the voltage load to 5 Η z. These grounding principles will then be referred to as "indirect grounding". Individual grounded ground rails can be grounded via: 1. Non-linear components, such as electrical gaps or inflatable diodes, 2. Linear components with a capacitor in parallel, 3. Capacitors or a combination of these components. -The power transformer / reactor of the preferred embodiment is obtained according to the present invention if the liquid is a non-conductive liquid. Herein, it is advantageous if the non-conductive liquid is an insulating oil. The preferred embodiment of the power transformer / reactor is obtained in accordance with the present invention. If the relative dielectric constant e of the liquid is relatively low, it is preferably e S 10. Another and preferred embodiment of the power transformer / reactor is obtained in accordance with the present invention. If the dielectric constant e is relatively high, preferably e > 10 = In this paper, if the second It is advantageous to be grounded near the two ends of each winding, and to be directly grounded at a point between the ends. A preferred embodiment of a power transformer / reactor is based on the present invention plus ___ -13- This paper is again applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) Install -------- Order --------- Consumer cooperation of employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Online Economics 4 3 4 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (11) to obtain, If the liquid is a low conductivity liquid. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) In this article, if the low-conductivity liquid has a specific resistance r between 1 and 1 0 0 0 0 0 W m. Therefore, if the low-conductivity liquid has a specific resistance r between 10 and 100 W η, another advantage is obtained. Therefore, it is advantageous if the low-conductivity liquid contains water. A preferred embodiment of the power transformer / reactor is obtained in accordance with the present invention if the layers are made of a water-resistant tree material. Water trees are aging phenomena of certain types of polymer insulation exposed to water and may cause electrical breakdown in the insulation. According to the present invention, another preferred embodiment of the m-force transformer / reactor is obtained when a water-impermeable layer is arranged on the first semiconductor layer. According to the present invention, another preferred embodiment of the power transformer / reactor is obtained when the low-conductivity liquid contains an organic polarized liquid. Thus, it would be advantageous if the organic polarizing liquid contained ethylene glycol, propylene alcohol, ethylene carbonate, or propylene carbonate. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. If the organic polarizing liquid system is added with additives, it will be advantageous to adjust the liquid's conductivity. Thus, if the additive system contains a quarter ammonium salt, v 'is advantageous. According to the present invention, if the relative permittivity e of the liquid is relatively low, preferably e S 1 0, a better implementation Example is obtained = = According to the present invention, if the relative dielectric constant e is relatively high, preferably e > 10, another preferred embodiment is obtained. Therefore, if the container has a cylindrical shape and a circular cross-section, the size of this paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210x297 mm) ^ 14- 434595 A7 B7 ^ ---- 5. Description of the invention ( 12 Please read the notes on the back before filling this page.) By this, if the container is provided with η (η 3 2) electrical conductor components and liquid contact system is advantageous, the electrical conductor components are separated by electrical insulation materials, And each of them is directly grounded, and the electrical connection line is completed between the second semiconductor layer and the electrically conductive member. According to the invention, if the container is composed of electrically conductive sectors, a preferred embodiment of a power transformer / reactor is obtained, the sectors being separated by the n-insulating intermediate sector. According to the present invention, 'If the container is composed of an electrically insulating material, a preferred embodiment of a power transformer / reactor is obtained, and the n-electrically conductive member contains the n-electrode electrically conductive material and is arranged in the container and in contact with the liquid. According to the present invention, if the η point (η 2 2) is directly grounded by at least one coil of at least one winding, another preferred embodiment of the power transformer / reactor is obtained. Therefore, it is advantageous if the η direct ground point is grounded, so that the magnetic connection between the η ground points is divided into η components to reduce the loss caused by the ground. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. It is advantageous if the winding surrounds a cross-sectional area A and if each winding circle has a length 1 of 0, the electrical connection line between the η ground points divides the cross-sectional area Α becomes η sub-area A 1, A 2, ... A η makes A = ΣΤ = 1 A, and divides the length 1 by n paragraphs 1 i, 1 2, ... 1 η, so that 1 = h This paper scale applies China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 434595 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1 _ _7 __JB7____ V. Description of the invention (13) and the electrical connection line at the η ground point Is constituted so that the end of each paragraph 1: is electrically connected so that only the sub-area A is surrounded by the ring and paragraph 1 constituted by the electrical connection, and the condition 0 1 is satisfied, Φ. Is the sub-area A; Magnetic current. Therefore, if the magnetic flux density B is constant across the entire iron core section, the electrical connection line between the η ground points is arranged to satisfy the condition Δι 1 i --- system is advantageous. Thus, it is advantageous if the second semiconductor layer is indirectly grounded to at least • points of each winding. According to the present invention, if indirect grounding is performed by a capacitor connected between the second semiconductor layer and the ground, a preferred embodiment of a power transformer / reactor is obtained. According to the present invention, if the indirect grounding is performed by connecting a component having a nonlinear voltage and current characteristic between the second semiconductor layer and the ground, another and preferred embodiment is obtained. According to the present invention, if the indirect grounding is performed by a circuit connected between the second semiconductor layer and the ground, and the circuit contains a non-linear voltage and current, the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Dange (210 X 297) (Mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) ---- Order --------- line-16- 434bii5 Printed by A7, Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Explanation (14) When knowing, collecting, and connecting in parallel to a capacitor, another preferred embodiment of the power transformer and reactor is obtained. Thus, 'if the ground connection is performed by a combination of the above methods, then Gain-advantages. Therefore, if a component having a non-linear voltage and current characteristic can include an electric spark gap, a tritium diode, a Zener diode or a varistor. According to the present invention, if the power transformer / reactor includes a core material having a permeability higher than that of air, a preferred embodiment of the power transformer / reactor is obtained. According to the present invention, if a power transformer / reactor is provided with a core material having no magnetic permeability with air as a cylinder, a preferred embodiment of the power transformer / reactor is obtained. Thereby, if the winding system is elastic and the layers support each other, there is an advantage. By this, if the layers are made of elastic and the relationship between the coefficient of thermal expansion, the volume change of the layer caused by the temperature change during operation can be changed by the material When absorbed by the elasticity, it has the advantage that the layers remain close to each other when the temperature changes. Thereby, if the materials in the layers have high elasticity, there is an advantage [a brief description of the drawings] The present invention will be explained in more detail by referring to the accompanying drawings and detailed descriptions of preferred embodiments. In the figure: This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 male f> 17 ------------- E ------ II order ---- ----- (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page) 434595 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ________ B7 V. Description of the invention (15) The first picture is a still electric Sectional view, FIG. 2 does not show the first embodiment of the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention 'FIG. 3 shows the second embodiment of the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is based on this The first embodiment of the power transformer / reactor of the invention, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a winding having three ground points per turn, and the windings are included in the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 shows A perspective view of a winding with one direct ground point and two indirect ground points per winding coil. 12 The windings are included in the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention, and Figures 7a and 7b show how to complete the indirect Different components for grounding 3 Critical component comparison table 10 High-voltage cables 12 Strands 14 First semiconductor layer 16 Insulation Margin layer 18 Second semiconductor layer 10 0 Power transformer / reactor 10 2 Container 10 4 Conductive sector 10 6 Insulation ® area (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Installation ------- Order- -------- Line 1 ________- 18 -_ 2 This paper size is applicable to Zhongguanjia Standard (CNS) A1 (21ΰ X 297 meals) 434595 Printed by A7 B7, Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Description of the invention (16) 1 0 8 Electrical connection line 110 Ground 112 Iron core 114 Cylindrical hole 12 2 Container 12 4 Electrode 130 Power transformer / reactor 13 2 Container 13 4 Iron core 2 0 Iron core 2 2 Winding 2 4 Distance member 30 Grounding element 3 4 Electrical connection line 3 6 Gap 3 8 Spark gap 4 0 Capacitor 5 2 Spark gap 5 4 Capacitor 5 6 Zener diode [detailed description of preferred embodiment] In the first figure > a high voltage A cross-sectional view of the cable 10 is shown, which is traditionally used in power transmission. As shown, the high-voltage cable 10 shown in this paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CN'S) A4 specification (210 X 297 male i). < Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) ---- 1 --- Subscribe --------- * 5 ^ -19-A7 B7__ V. Description of the invention (17) is a standard 1 4 5 kV XLPE cable without cover and shield. The high-voltage torch cable 10 includes electrical conductors ′ which may include one or more strands 丄 2 which have a circular cross section and are made of copper (C u). These strands 12 are arranged in the center of the high-voltage cable 10. A first semiconductor layer 14 is arranged beside the strands 12. An insulating layer 16 such as X L P E insulation is arranged beside the first semiconductor layer 14. Next to the insulating layer 16 are arranged a first semiconductor layer 1 8 3 and three layers are arranged to adhere to each other even when the cable is bent. The characteristics of the cable shown are elastic 'are preserved over the cable's integrated life. In Fig. 2, a first embodiment of a power transformer / reactor according to the present invention is shown. The power transformer / reactor 100 includes at least one winding (not shown, compared to FIGS. 4 and 5), and the winding is, for example, provided with a high-calorie power as shown in FIG. The winding system is enclosed in a container 102, which is filled with liquid. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the container 1.0 2 is composed of four electrically conductive members 10 4 i, 1 0 4 2, 1 ◦ 4 3, 1 0 4 4. In this case, the electrically conductive member includes an electrically conductive sector 1 0 4] ′ 1 0 4 2, 1 0 4 3, 1 0 4!, Which is in contact with the liquid in the W 102. Electrically conductive sectors 1 0 4 1: 10 4 2, 1 0 4 3, 1 0 4 4 are separated by electrical insulation materials, at this time, M four insulating intermediate sectors 1 0 6!, 1 〇 6 2, 1 0 6 3, 1 0 6 1. The number of electrically conductive sectors and the number of electrically insulating sectors must be four. In general, there are η (η 2 2) electrically conductive flat regions 10 4!, 1 0 4 2 ...... 1 〇4, and η electrical insulation sectors 1 ◦ 6ι, 1 〇62, … 1 〇6η. The actual value shown in Figure 2-? N- The paper K degree is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) i Pack- ------ Order -------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs hi 43 ^ 595 _B7_______ V. Description of the Invention (18) In the embodiment, the liquid contains a liquid with low conductivity. This results in the electrical connection between windings and electrical connections in zone 0 1 0 i, 1 0 4 3, 1 0 4 3 1 1 0 4 1 completed. If the windings are provided with the high-voltage cable 10 shown in Fig. 1, on the second semiconductor layer 18 (shown in Fig. 1) and the electrically conductive sector 104 !, 1 ◦ 4s ........., 1 〇 The connection between 4u is completed. Liquid completes the winding cooling at the same time = In this embodiment, 'electrically conductive sector 1 〇4 1, 1042, 104: i' 1044 is electrically connected by 808m '1 ◦ 8 2, 1 〇8 3, 1 〇 8 4 and directly grounded. Electrical connection (wiring) 1 0 8!, 1 0 8 2, 1 0 8 3 '1 0 8 4 Pass the iron core 1 1 2 (only shown) so that it divides the iron core 1 1 2 in the cross-sectional area A (and the magnetic current f) Four times surface A i-Α ί. By grounding in the manner described above, the loss in the second semiconductor chip 18 (compared to FIG. 1) can be reduced as much as possible. If the liquid has conductive properties, the induced current in the liquid is adjusted so that the induced current in the liquid will not cause too much loss' and the conductivity is sufficient to complete the grounding of the semiconductor layer of the high-voltage cable. The problems are solved at the same time. The low-conducting liquid suitably has a specific resistance r of 1 to 100 Wm, preferably 10 to 100 Wm. The description of the principle of direct grounding is referred to FIG. 5 and its related explanations. In the third embodiment, the first embodiment of the power voltage / reactor according to the present invention is shown. The power transformer / reactor 120 includes at least one winding (not shown, compared to Figs. 5 and 6), for example, a winding system is provided for the high-voltage cable 10 shown in Fig. 1. The winding system is enclosed in a container 1 2 2 'which is filled with liquid. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, ----- -21-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A.i specifications (2) 0 X 297 mm) < Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Packing --- Ordering --------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 434595 ____B7 V. Description of Invention (19) Container 1 2 2 is made of electrical insulation material. Containers 1 2 2 are provided (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Four electrically conductive members 1 2 4 1, 1 2 4 2, 1 2 4 3, 1 2 4 .., which are made by FI Each electrode 124 !, 1242, 1243, 124 is composed of a conductive material and is arranged inside the container 1 2 2 and contacts the liquid. In general, there are n (n > 2) electrodes 1 2 4 1, 1 2 4 2 '... 1 2 4 Ί. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the 'liquid system contains a low-conductivity liquid, for example, as shown in Fig. 2. In this B embodiment, the electrodes 1 2 4 1, 1 2 4 2, 1 2 4 3, 1 244 are electrically connected by 1 〇8i, 1 〇82,] _ 〇8: ί, 1.08 1 Is directly grounded. In a manner similar to the electrical connection shown in Figure 2 above, the electrical connections (wires) 1081, 1082, 1083, 108., are made through the core 1 1 2 (not shown) so that the sectional area A of the divided core 1 1 2 (and Magnetic current) becomes the quartic region A 1-A 4. In other parts, this embodiment operates in the same manner as the embodiment in Figure 2. "The container printed by the consumer co-operatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed on clothing. Containers shown in Figures 2 and 3 both have Cylindrical shape with annular section = As shown in Figures 2 and 3, containers 1 02 and 12 2 include a large lid and a bottom at the same time. Containers 102, 122 are shown in Figure 12. Power transformer / reactor The cores / pillars of the vessels 100, 120 are arranged in cylindrical holes 1 1 4 provided in the container 10 2 '12 2. Containers 102, 12 can be provided on one or two pieces at the same time, without a separate bottom. In Figure 4, the third embodiment of the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention is shown. Power transformer / reactor 1 3 0 contains at least one winding -22-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4345 95 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (group 20) (compared to Figures 5 and 6 not shown), the winding system is provided, for example, with the high-voltage cable shown in Figure 1 = the winding system is enclosed in a container 1 3 2 where Infested with liquid. As shown in Figure 4, the container 1 3 2 is provided with three cylindrical holes 1 1 4 i, 1 1 4 2 '1 1 4 3, in which an iron core 1 3 4 1, 1 3 4 2 is arranged. , 1 3 4 .3. What cannot be seen from Figure 4 is that the container 1 3 2 is provided with an η electrical conductive member, either in a shape corresponding to the η electrical conductive sector in Figure 2 or in a contact equivalent to the liquid in Figure 3 The shape of the electrode. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the liquid system contains a low-conductivity liquid, as in the second and third circles. In the same way as in Figures 2 and 3, the direct grounding system makes the electrical connection of the divided cores 1 3 4 1, 1 3 4 2, 1 3 4 and the cross-sectional area A (and the magnetic current) become the η sub-area A!-A η is done. As for the other parts, the embodiment operates in the same manner as the embodiment in Figs. 2 and 3. According to the embodiment of the power transformer / reactor 100, 120, 130 of the present invention and the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 to 4, a low-conducting liquid is used. Depending on the characteristics of the liquid, examples can be obtained where two different types of feeding grounds are required. If the low-conductivity liquid has a relative permittivity e, which is relatively high, preferably e > 1 ◦ ', the liquid will complete indirect grounding or pulse grounding in a capacitive manner. What is needed is another ground, which is the direct ground shown in Figures 2 and 3. A suitable low conductivity liquid in this context is water. If layers 14, 16, 18 (compared to Figure 1) are provided with water-resistant tree material, water will be suitable. Here, another option is that a water-impermeable layer is arranged between the insulating layer 6 and the second bucket conductor layer 18. A low-permeability liquid with a high relative permittivity e This paper is sized to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297) -23- I--If — — — —,------- --------- 1 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 434595 A7 ____B7__ V. Description of the invention (21) The body can contain an organic electrode化 液。 Liquid. Examples of organic polarizing liquids are ethylene glycol, propylene alcohol, ethylene carbonate 'or propylene carbonate. An organic polarizing liquid can be supplied. An additive 'is used to adjust the liquid's electrical conductivity. For example, 'the additive can be a quarter ammonium salt. On the other hand, if the low-conductivity liquid has a relative permittivity e', its system is relatively low, and preferably es 10, the liquid will not be sufficient to complete effective grounding or Pulse to ground. At this time, the direct grounding shown in Figures 2 to 4 must be supplemented-indirect grounding (compared to Figure 6). An example of this low-conductivity liquid having e ^ 10 is a mineral oil having, for example, a quarter of an ammonium salt additive. Four embodiments of the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention will be obtained if the liquid in the container is a non-conductive or insulating liquid. Depending on the characteristics of the liquid, it may be possible to take examples that require different types of grounding. If the non-conductive or insulating liquid has a relatively high relative permittivity e ', preferably e 21 〇, the liquid will complete indirect grounding or pulse grounding in a capacitive manner = This is accomplished by high capacitance through the liquid to ground-a capacitive pulsed ground. -In general, the only other ground required is indirect ground, but it is not exactly the same as shown in Figures 2 to 4 (compared to Figure 5). However, if the non-conductive or insulating liquid has a relatively low Relative permittivity e, preferably es 1 0, the liquid will not complete an indirect ground or pulse ground. Therefore, it is not exactly the same as the indirect grounding shown in Figures 2 and 3 (compared to Figure 5) and a pulse ground or indirect grounding (compared to Figure 6). If the liquid is non-conductor or insulator, the container does not have electrically conductive members because no electrical connection can be made in the liquid. An example of such a non-conductive liquid is insulating oil. Examples of this insulating oil are mineral oils, such as transformer oil ^ · III — I —11 · — — ———— II r (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -24- This paper size applies to China Standard (CN'S) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 434 5 95 A7 -------- B7__ 5. Description of the invention (22) 'Synthetic hydrocarbons and silicone oil. Insulating liquid-cooled power transformers / reactors' are not used for direct or indirect grounding. In Fig. 5, a perspective view of a winding having one ground point per turn is shown, and the windings are colored in the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention. In Figure 5, the reference number 20 indicates the iron core included in the power transformer / reactor =: two windings 2 2 1 and 2 2 2 are arranged beside the iron core 2 0, and the winding system is provided as shown in the first 1 high voltage cable 1 〇. Among them there are radial distance members 2 4 ^, 2 4 2, 2 4 3, 2 4 4, 2 4 5, 2 4 s to fix the windings 2 2! And 2 2 2. In the example shown in Figure 5, each winding has six distance members. At both ends of each winding 2 2!, 2 2 2 2 6 ^, 2 6 2, 2 8 i, 2 8 2 > The outer semiconductor layer is grounded (compared to the distance member shown in black in Figure 1) 2 4 i, 2 4 3, 2 4 5 are used to complete the three ground points of each winding. These distance members 2 4 i, 2 4 3, 2 4 5 are therefore connected to the second high voltage cable 1 0 Semiconductor layer. Around the winding 2 2 2 and along the length of the winding 22 2 ″ axis, the distance member 2 4 ^ is directly connected to the first ground element 3 0:, and the distance member 2 4 2 is directly connected to the second ground. The element 3 C 2 and the distance member 2 4 5 are directly connected to a third grounding element 3 0. The grounding element 3 0!, 3 0 2, 3 0 a may include a ground connection to a common ground potential 3 2 of the rail 3 0 ^ , 3 0 2, 3 0 3. The three grounding elements 3 0 1, 3 0 2, 3 0 are connected by two electrical connections 3 4 1, 3 4 2 (wires). The electrical connection line 3 4 is connected by The first gap 3 6! Is arranged in the iron core 20 and is connected to the grounding elements 30 ″ and 3 0 2. The electrical connection 3 4 2 is introduced into the iron core -25- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size mo X 297g t) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Packing -------- Order ------ Printing Economy Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau 434595 A7 ___B7______ V. The second gap 3 6 2 in the description of the invention (23) 2 0, and connected to the grounding elements 3 0 1 and 30. The gaps 3 6! And 3 6 2 are arranged such that the cross-sectional area A (magnetic current) in the divided core pillars 20 becomes three sub-areas A!, A 2, A 3. The gap 3 6 i 1 3 6 2 therefore divides the core post 20 into three parts 2 0!, 2 0 2, 2 0 3. This causes no current to flow when the ground rail is induced by magnetization ... By grounding in the manner described above, the loss | loss in the second semiconductor layer is kept as low as possible. The perspective view of the 'winding' in Fig. 6 is shown. Each winding has a direct ground point and an indirect ground point for rain and is included in the power transformer / reactor according to the present invention. In FIG. 6, the reference number 20 represents the iron core included in the power transformer / reactor. Among them, two windings 2 2 i, 2 2 2 are arranged beside the iron core 20, and the windings are provided with a high-voltage cable 10 as shown in FIG. 1. The windings 绀 2 2!, 2 2 2 are each fixed by six distance members 2 4 1, 2 4 2, 2 4 ._ !, 2 4 4, 2 4 5, 2 4 6. At the ends 26 !, 262, 28m, 282 of each winding 22 !, 222, the second semiconductor layer is grounded (compared to Figure 1). In this example, the distance members 2 4!, 2 4 3, 2 4 3 shown in black are used to complete each correcting turn ... directly and indirectly to two ground points. The distance member 2 4 t is directly connected to the third grounding element 3 0, the distance member 2 4 3 is directly connected to the second grounding element 3 0 2 and the distance member 2 4 5 is directly connected to the third grounding element 3 0 3. As can be seen from Figure 6, the ground element 3 0 1 is directly connected to the ground 3 6, and the ground elements 3 0 2 and 3 0 3 are indirectly grounded. The grounding element 3 0 2 is connected to ground through a spark gap 3 4 when it is connected in series to the ground. The grounding element 3 0 3 is when it is connected in series to the ground and via a _______- 26-_ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) A7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ______ B7 V. Description of Invention (24) Indirectly grounded by a circuit connected in parallel to a capacitor 40 with a spark gap 38. Spark gaps 3 4 and 38 are examples of non-linear components, that is, a component with a non-linear voltage and current characteristic. In Figures 7a and 7b, two different components for indirect grounding are shown. In Figure 7a, the indirect grounding is accomplished by a circuit 50, which includes a component 52 with a non-linear voltage and current characteristic and is connected in parallel to a capacitor 54. In this example f, the element 5 2 with a nonlinear voltage and current characteristic includes a diode, a zener diode or a varistor which is doped with a gas. In Figure Θb, indirect grounding is accomplished by a Zener diode 56. In practice, the above-mentioned principles of direct and indirect grounding are implemented in slightly different ways depending on the characteristics of the liquid used. There are four cases: 1. The winding system is immersed in a non-conductive liquid with a low relative dielectric constant e. Direct grounding is performed according to Figure 5 and indirect grounding is performed according to Figure 6. 2. The winding system is immersed in a non-conductive liquid plutonium with a high relative permittivity e. Indirect grounding is performed in accordance with Figure 5, and at the same time, indirect grounding is performed through liquid to achieve high capacitance. 3. The winding system is immersed in a low-conducting liquid with a high relative permittivity e. First, according to Figures 2 to 4 and a container with a conductive member is used. The ground connection is completed due to the high capacitance between the liquid and the ground. Indirect grounding is partially completed according to the principle of Section 5_. The difference is that when the liquid is relatively conductive, no special grounding element 30 is required compared to Figure 5. ----------_ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNTS) Al specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) In 3⑽5 a7 B7 Ministry of Economy Wisdom Printed by the Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperative. V. INTRODUCTION (25) The ground to the ground is evenly established along the second / outer semiconductor layer of the cable and the low frost liquid. The current will then go to the electrically conductive member 1 2/1 2 4 where the current is captured and directed to the ground. On the other hand, the electrically conductive member is connected to the ground as shown in Figures 2 to 5. 4. The winding is immersed in a low conductive liquid with a low relative permittivity e. In this case, a container equipped with an electrically conductive member according to Figs. 2 to 4 is used. The direct grounding system is completed according to the principle of Figure 5 'and the indirect grounding system is completed according to Figure 6. The difference is that when the liquid is low-conductivity, compared to Figures 5 and 6, no special grounding element 3 0 is required. The contact with the ground is established evenly along the entire cable between the cable's second / outer semiconductor and the low conductivity fluid. The current then goes to the electrically conductive member 10 2/1 2 4 where the current is captured and directed to ground. On the other hand, the 'conductive member is connected to an indirect ground and directly grounded as shown in Figs. 2 to 6. On the other hand, it should be explained that the above methods are directly or indirectly grounded, and are simultaneously combined or presented via a liquid or separation element system. In the above figure, the power transformer / reactor includes a magnetizable core. In this case, it should be said that the power transformer / reactor may include a core made of a material having a higher permeability than air Several modifications are still possible. ------— — — — — — — — — — — — — — 111 — --f .1 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) This paper is again applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specifications (2〗 〇 × 297 mm) -28-