TW419878B - An electric high voltage ac machine - Google Patents

An electric high voltage ac machine Download PDF

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Publication number
TW419878B
TW419878B TW086107962A TW86107962A TW419878B TW 419878 B TW419878 B TW 419878B TW 086107962 A TW086107962 A TW 086107962A TW 86107962 A TW86107962 A TW 86107962A TW 419878 B TW419878 B TW 419878B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
patent application
winding
grounding
machine
ground
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TW086107962A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mats Leijon
Bertil Berggren
Lars Gertmar
Erland Sorensen
Jan-Anders Nygren
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Abb Ab
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Priority claimed from SE9602078A external-priority patent/SE510192C2/sv
Priority claimed from SE9602079A external-priority patent/SE9602079D0/xx
Priority claimed from SE9700335A external-priority patent/SE508556C2/sv
Priority claimed from SE9700347A external-priority patent/SE510631C2/sv
Application filed by Abb Ab filed Critical Abb Ab
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Publication of TW419878B publication Critical patent/TW419878B/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/12—Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/288—Shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/323—Insulation between winding turns, between winding layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/40—Structural association with grounding devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H02K3/14—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots with transposed conductors, e.g. twisted conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F2027/329—Insulation with semiconducting layer, e.g. to reduce corona effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/15—Machines characterised by cable windings, e.g. high-voltage cables, ribbon cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/14—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/14—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding
    • Y10S174/19—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding in a dynamo-electric machine
    • Y10S174/20—Stator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/26—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a plural-layer insulation system
    • Y10S174/27—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a plural-layer insulation system including a semiconductive layer
    • Y10S174/28—Plural semiconductive layers

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Description

413S7S A7 B7___ 五、發明説明（1 ) 發明之葫域： (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明與一種髙電壓交流機有關，此交流機意欲被用 來直接連接於分布或傳送網路，該交流機包含至少一個繞 線· 經濟部中央標隼局貞工消費合作社印製 保羅席得勒（Paul R . Siedler)於 1 932年1 0月1 5日出版之電力世界的第5 24頁至 5 2 7頁之"絕緣研究所產生之3 6千伏發電機” 一文中 說明此種具有髙至3 6千伏之額定電壓的發電機β這些發 電機包含高電壓纜線所形成之繞線•其中絕緣部分被細分 爲具有不同介電常數的種種不同之層•所使用之絕緣材料 由葉形雲母、漆釉和紙等三種成分之種種組合所形成· 電力研究所於1 9 84年4月發表之EPR I ，EL 一 3 3 9 1之一文中提出一種發電機之概念，利用此概念 所提供之高電壓使得發電機能直接連接於動力網路而不需 任何中間變壓器•此種發電機被認爲包含超導轉子。於是 此超導場之磁化能力使其有可能利用具有足夠厚度之空i 間隙繞線來承受電力•然而，其所提出之轉子卻是具有十 分厚之絕緣部分的複雜結構，該絕緣部分大大地增加機器 之大小。除此之外，必須施行特殊量測以便將線圈端之區 段加以絕緣和冷卻· ’ 依照本發明之所謂高電壓交流機，即指發電機等轉動 電機，這些發電機用在產生電力之動力站、雙進給機、外 極機、同步機，反同步轉換器串級、以及電力變壓器。欲 使（除了變壓器以外之）此種機器（下文中通指電路網路 本紙張尺度適州中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐）_ 4 - 413S7S at _ B7___ 五、發明説明（2 ) )連接於分布和傳送網路*迄今仍需變壓器來轉換高至網 路強度之電壓，即1 3 0至4 0 0千伏之範圍· 以具有與電力傳送所用之觫線相似之結構的固體絕緣 部分來製造絕緣之髙電壓導體的這些機器之繞線，則機器 之電壓所增加之強度可使機器能直接連接於任何電力網路 而無需中間變壓器*因此可省略此變壓器•這^機器之典 型工作範圍爲3 0至8 0 0千伏· 對此種機器而言，須特'別注意接地問題·. 發電機系統和其他類似電力系統之接地意指連接電氣 系統至接地位能的刻意量測*當系統之所稱的中性點爲可 得時*此中性點通常以直接或經由遑切之阻抗的方式連接 於接地。亦會發生的是系統中之其他點連接至接地•若系 統中之一點被接地|則只要有流電接點之延伸便可使整個 系統接地。 所用之接地原理由系統之設計決定。對含有發電機直 接連接於Y-△聯式步起變壓器且使△繞線處於發電機*, 壓的系統而言，最常見下列之接地替代例。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作杜印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) - 高電阻接地 - 無接地 - 共振接地· 高電阻接地之一般實施方法係將低歐姆電阻器連接於 分布變壓器之次件中且使變壓器之主繞線從發電機中性點 連接至接地。此種習知技術之接地顯示於附11 1中，此附 圇顯示發電機2藉由Y—△聯式步起變壓器3連接至網路 本紙乐尺度通用中國园家標準（CNS)八4規格（210X297公釐）-5 - 413S78 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 9·分布變壓器之主件11連接於發電機2之中性點與接 地之間*變壓器之次件1 0中連接電阻器1 2 * (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在發電機中性點與接地之間直接設立高歐姆電阻器當 然可獲得相同種類之接地· 未接地之電氣系統缺乏任何刻意通向接地之連接•因 此•除了進給不同之繼電器和儀器所用之可能電壓之欒壓 器以外，未接地之發電機在其中性點與接地之間並沒有連 接· 共振接地通常亦如附圖1中所示般地實施•其中以電 抗器1 2 a取代電阻器1 2 ·選定之電抗器電抗使得通往 接地障礙之線路期間的電容式電流被電抗器1 2 a供給之 電感式電流的相等分量加以中和· 低電阻或低阻抗接地與上述系統之有效接地亦皆爲可 能。低電阻或低阻抗接地將造成較低之暫態過電壓與較高 之接地障礙電流，此電流會引起機器之內部損毀* 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 在發電機中性點與接地之間刻意插置電阻便可達成g < 電阻接地。此電阻可直接插置而與接地連接或者以間接方 式插置於變壓器之次件內•此變壓器之主件連接於發電機 中性點與接地之間•參照附圖1。 低阻抗接地（即低電感接地）以相同於低電阻接地之 方式完成，其中以電感器來代替電阻器*如前所討論者· 該電感之歐姆值小於共振接地所寄者。 對包含數個發電機之系統而言，低電阻或低阻抗接地 爲適切之方式，其中該發電機連接於共同進給線或匯流排 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樣準{ CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐）_ 6 _ 413873 at ___B7___ 五、發明説明（4) 且在發電機終端與共同匯流排之間有電路中斷器· 發電機之中性點的有效接地具有大體上與低電阻或低 阻抗接地相同之優點和缺點，其中僅有某些差異。 若滿足限制接地阻抗之大小的某些阻抗要件，則稱系 統被有效接地。在有效接地之系統中，接地障礙之情況下 的未障礙相位之最大相位至接地的電壓被限制爲相位至相 .位的電壓之8 0% · 電力系統網路主要係藉由系統中之變壓器之中性點的 接地連接來作接地且能以稱作直接接地之方式地不含阻抗 (除接觸電阻之外）或具有某些阻抗。 例如電機電子工程院（I EEE)於1 9 8 9年9月 在美國紐約出版之IEEE第C62.92-1989號 文件的電力設施系統之中性接地之應用之I E E E指引之 第二部分一同步系統之接地中說明先前已知之接地技術* 經濟部中央標準局員工消资合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填窩本萸) 若如上所述地藉低電阻或電感來使發電機中性點作接 地，則從發電機中性點至接地之第三諧和電流將形成路^ •若直接接地或低阻抗接地變壓器繞線或另一低阻抗接地 發電機皆直接連接至發電機，則第三諧和電流在正常情況 下流通於各者之間。 瑞典專利第9 6 0 2 0 7 8 — 9號與第 9 7 0 0 3 4 7 — 9號文件中說明與本發明有關之種類的 交流電機之發電機與馬達操作中之第三諧和電流問題之解 決技術β 本發明之目的爲提出一種髙電壓交流機，此機器適於 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標丰（CNS ) Α4規格（210 X 297公釐）_ 7 _ 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消費合作杜印製 4lCfS?S at ____B7____五、發明説明（5) 如上所指地直接連接於分布或傳送網路且此機器設置有接 地機構，該接地機構適用於機器之不同用途及操作條件。 被說明之引言部分中加以界定且具有申請專利範圍第 1項所描述之特色的種類之高電壓交流機可獲致此目的* 依照本發明之機器的‘重要優點所依據之事實爲具有半 導體特性之第二層外側的繞線之終端區域內之電場幾乎等 於零♦因此在繞線外側無窬控制電場且在薄層內、或繞線 終端區域內、或其間之暫態中皆不會形成場集中。 根據依照本發明之機器的有利實施例，至少兩個相鄰 層具有大體上相等之熱膨脹係數•如此方式便可避免繞線 中之熱活動所造成之缺陷、裂縫或類似物等等· 根據依照本發明之機器的另一有利寊施例》該接地機 構包含繞線之低電阻接地所用之機構•依此方式則可將暫 態過電壓以及接地障礙電流限制成適當值。 根據依照本發明之機器的又另一有利之實施例，其中 該機器具有γ聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性點，而高電 接地機構包含連接於變壓器之次件中的電阻器，該變壓器 之主件連接於中性點與接地之間。此方式可使變壓器之次 件中所用的電阻器具有十分低之歐姆值且具有粗簡之結構 •利用適當大小之電阻器可獲致足夠之阻尼以便將暫態過 電壓降至安全強度•再者•限制障礙電流所造成的線路至 接地之障礙期間將機械式應力和障礙損害加以限制•此種 接地裝置亦比發電機中性點與接地之間直接插置高歐姆電 阻器之情形更具經濟性· [張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210ί 297公釐）_ 〇 _
Im m^, ^------^ ,* ' (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消費合作社印製 41^875 at ____.__B7__五、發明説明（6 ) 根據依照本發明之機器的另一有利之實施例，其中該 機器具有Y聯繞線•此繞線爲可得之中性點•其接地機構 包含連接於變壓器之次件中的電抗器|該變壓器之主件連 接於中性點與接地之間，該電抗器具有之特徴使得接地障 礙期間之電容式電流大體上被電抗器供出之電感式電流中 之相等分*加以中和*依此方式，則網線障礙電流被如此 形成之並聯共振電路降至低值，且該電流實際上與障礙電 壓同相位。此情況下之障礙相位上所回復之電壓十分緩慢 且因此具有暂態特性之任何接地障礙將在共振接地系統中 被自動地消除。 根據依照本發明之機器的又一其他之有利實施例，接 地機構包含連接至機器之網路側的Y —△接地變壓器或稱 作Z形之接地變壓器者•此種接地變壓器之用法與相關於 障礙電流強度和暫態過電壓之低電感或低電阻接地之者相 同。 現在將參照鼸附圖畫中之附圖2至附圖11來較詳細、 地說明選定之例而以依照本發明之機器的較詳細實施例來 解釋本發明|其中 附圈1圖示同步發m機之習知技術的接地， 附躕2顯示依照本發明之機器的繞線中所用之絕緣導 體之例， 附圖3顯示連接至電力系統之Y聯發電機或馬達形式 的未接地三相機器， 附圖4至附圖13顯示附圚3中之Y聯機器的不同接 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度通用中國國家樣率（CNS M4说格（210X297公釐）-0 _
4.1557S 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7_五、發明説明（7 ) 地例| 附圖1 4顯示依照本發明之機器，此機器具有連接至 電力系統之△聯發電機或馬達之形式，且 附圖1 5圖示附圖1 4所示之系統中之接地變壓器的 用法· 附圖2中顯示絕緣導體之例，此導體可被用於依照本 發明之機器的繞線中》此種絕緣導體包含至少一個由若干 非絕緣式且可能地爲絕緣式之線股5所構成之導體4 *導 體4之周圍有半導體內贗6|此內層與至少某些非絕緣線 股5接觸*此半導體內曆6在運轉時被以突出之固體絕緣 層7爲形式之纜線之主要絕緣部分所包圍·絕緣層被半導 體外層8所包圍•纜線之導體面積可在8 0及3 0 0 0平 方釐米之間變動且纜線之外直徑在2 0及2 5 0釐米之間 附圖3顯示無接地之高電屋交流機示意圖，該髙電壓 交流機之形式爲直接連接於電力系統16之Y聯發電機或 馬達1 4。 附圚4顯示形式爲過高電壓保護器之接地構件像非線 性電阻防止器1 8 —樣連接於Y聯機器1 4之中性點2 0 與地極之間*連接於中性點之非線性電阻防止器1 8保護 用於機器繞線之被絕緣的導體來防止短暫過髙電壓，例如 因閃電而引起之過髙電壓。 附圖5顯示具有並連於非線性電阻防止器18之高歐 姆電阻器2 2之實施例•非線性電阻防止器1 8與顯示於 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210X2S)7公釐）-- 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印裝 412S7S a? B7 五、發明説明（8) 附圖4中之實施例之相同方式作用於此實施例，且因具有 電阻器2 2 ·能利用測量電阻器22之跨電壓得以敏銳的 探測到地極障礙· 附圖6顯示具有中性黏20之高《阻接地•在此實施 例中使用與敘述於與附圖1有關之既知技術相似之技術* 因此電阻器2 4連接於變Μ器之二級體2 6且具有從機器 1 4之中性點2 0連接於地極之變壓器之主體繞線2 8 · 相較於高歐姆電阻器|電阻器2 4爲較低歐姆.且具有粗糙 之結構，該高歐姆電阻器可能需要用於在中性點2 0及地 極之間之直接連接以得到相同之結果•結果，電阻器之電 壓級數可被減低*還有在此例中，非線性電阻防止器1 8 並連於主體繞線2 8。利用此實施例，在線路至地極障礙 期間，機械壓力及障礙損害可限制障礙電流來加以限制* 短暫過髙電壓被加以限制在安全水平且接地裝置較直接加 入電阻器來得經濟· 機器之共振接地可以相同的方示將電抗器置換電阻器， 2 4來施行，而此電抗器具備之特質能使電容性罨流在線 路至地極障礙期間能被電抗器所貢獻之感應電流之相同成 分所中和•因此淨障礙電流被因此形成之並連之共振電流 所減少且此電流本質上能與障礙電壓同相位。障礙消失之 後，障礙相位上之電壓回復將會非常緩慢且決定於感應性 反應與變壓器/電抗器組合之有效電阻之比值而定*結果 ，任何短暫本質之地極障礙將在此共振接地系統中自動的 消失。因此•這樣的共振接地機構實際上將地極障礙電流 ----------裝-----^--訂------1 {請先閱請背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNSM4规格（210Χ297公釐> _ _ 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作杜印製 4lliS73 A7 __B7_ 五、發明説明（9 ) 限制爲零，因而減少了機械壓力•在相位至地極障礙發生 後，可允許機器之再度繼續運作，直到安排成序之停工爲 止· 附跚7顯示之實施例具有連接於中性酤2 0及地極之 間之非線性電阻防止器1 8且接地變應器3 0連接於機器 1 4之網路邊上。接地變壓器3 0爲Y — △設計且具有連 接於地極之Y聯之中性點，而△—橈線卻單獨存在•使用 接地變壓器之系統通常沒有接地或具有高阻抗地極連接· 作爲一個系統之成分而言，接地變壓器沒有承載負載且不 影響正常之系統行爲當不平衡發生時，接地變壓器在零 序列網路中提供低的阻抗。接地變壓器在此方法中相當於 相應於障礙電流水平及短暫過高電壓之低《感及低m阻。 接地變壓器也可爲具有放置特別繞線之所謂的Z形變 壓器，見如保羅安得森（Paul Μ · Anders-〇 η)之#障礙的電力系統分析'愛荷華州立大學刊物/ 愛姆斯市，1983年第255頁至257頁· ' 一種可能的輔助性電力變壓器也可使用來用於此種接 地目的。 附圚8顯示之實施例具有在機器1 5之中性點2 0與 地極之間連接之低歐姆電阻器3 2 ·這種低電阻接地之主 要優點在於低電阻接地有限制短暫及暫時過高電壓之能力 。然而，在單相地極障礙的例子中，電流會較髙。且在無 擾動操作中第三諧和電流將會較髙。 附圖9顯示依照本發明之機器之可替代之實施例，其 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（2丨0X297公釐）_ 12 - ----------杜衣------ΐτ------^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页)
419S7S A7 B7 五、發明説明（10) 中電阻器3 2被連接於中性點2 0及地極間之低電感電感 器3 4所替代•低電感接地實質上與低歐姆接地以相同方 式運作•«感器3 4之歐姆值小於共振接地所需之歐姆值 •，有別於附圖6之敘述· 它們可與變壓器之幫助物間接連接*來替代中性點 2 0及電阻器3 2或電感器3 4之地極間之直接連接，其 變壓器之主«連接於中性黏2 0及地極之間且其二極體包 含電阻器或電感器，相較附圖6之敘述* 附圖10中，顯示之實施例包含機器1 4之中性點 2 0及地極間串列連接之阻抗3 6及3 8，阻抗3 6具有 低的阻抗值且阻抗2 8具有髙的阻抗值•阻抗3 8可被短 路裝置4 0所短路•在正常的操作下，爲了減小第三諧和 電流，短路裝置40被斷路•在地極障礙之例子中，控制 短路裝置4 0將阻抗3 8短路，且中性點2 0之電位將會 變低且至地極之電流將會相對較高· 在機器1 4中之內地極障礙的例子中，阻抗3 8並邊， 有被短路*結果*中性點20內之電壓將會變高但會限制 至地極之電流*在這種情況下，既然此例中之高電流能昇 髙到損害的程度，則此種方法爲佳· 爲了解決當第三諧和將交流電機器直接連接於三相電 力網路所引起的問題，即•機器與網路之間沒有使用到加 壓變壓器；可使用被調整到第三諧和形式爲抑制型濾波器 35、37之接地構件與過電壓保護器39 ·見附圖11 •濾波器因此能包含一並連之共振電路•其電路則包含電 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（〇奶）八4規格（2丨0：<297公釐）_13_ T-Τ'裝------訂------· ^ • *· τ填r . (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央榡準局負工消费合作社印製 41ί?873 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（U) (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 感器3 5及電容性電抗器3 7 *濾波器3 5、3 7之大小 及其過m懕保護器3 9能使並連線路有能力能吸收在機器 運作期間從機器1 4而來之第三諧和•但卻會限制短暫及 暫時過髙竃壓· 以障礙爲例，若陣礙過大的話·過電壓保護器3 9將 限制障礙電簠使障礙電流流經過電壓保護器3 9 ·以單相 地極障礙爲例既然基礎阻抗較低，相較於如高電阻接地之 例而言，電流將會較高· 附圓12顯示之實施例，其中接地機構包含去調可轉 換之第三鍇合抑制濾波器*其以並連方式連接於過電屋保 護器4 0 *此種濾波器可以數種不同方法被實施·附圖 1 2顯示之例子包含兩個以串列連接之電感4 2、4 4與 以並連方式連接於串列遽接電感器4 2、4 4之電容器 46 »再者，短路裝置48跨過電感器44而連接* 經濟部中央樣準局負工消費合作杜印製 當濾波器、機器1 4及網路1 6問之諧合共振之危險 被探測到時，藉由將感應器短路•可控制短路裝置4 8而 將濾波器之特性改變•瑞典專利申請9 7 0 0 3 4 7 - 9 對此有詳細的記載*以此方法，第三諧合電流在正常操作 下被強制限制*短暫及暂時過電fi將爲有限，在單相地極 障礙之例中*電流將會較高•與附圖11中之敘述之方式 相同· 附圈1 3顯示之實施例，其中機器1 4之中性點2 0 在21直接連接於地極•道種直接接地限制短暫及暫時過 高電壓，但導致接地障礙中之高電流•從機器之中性點至 本紙張尺度通用中困困家樣準（CNS ) Α4規Λ· ( 210Χ297公釐）-14 -
410S7S A7 _B7___五、發明説明（12) 地極流動之第三諧和電流在正常操作下將會相對較高· 再爲可替代的是，依照本發明之機器之接地機構可包 含用來提供具有令人滿意之阻抗性質之地極至中性點之連 接之主動電路· 附圖1 4中，顯示直接連接於分布或俥送網路1 6之 △聯之三相機器5 0 * 在此情況下，與附圓7所顯示之實施例爲相同種類之 接地變壓器可連接在機器5 0之網路邊上。 如附圖7之實施例，接地變壓器可爲具有Y連接地極 中性點之Y — △連接變壓器，或稱之爲Z形接地變壓器， 其爲具有Z接地之Z — 0連接變壓器。接地變壓器將會限 制暫態過電壓· 如附圖7所示，可能之辅助電力變磨器亦可用於此目 的· ----------^.------17------^ -1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS>A4規格（2丨0X297公釐> —_

Claims (1)

  1. 者 4 者 4 A8 B8 C8 D8 41?S7S 六、申請專利範圍 ♦ · 1 —種高電壓交流機*意欲直接與分布或傅送網路 (1 6 )相連接，該機器含有至少一個^線，此繞線包含 ^^1 ^^^1 ^^^1 n^i —ϋ I— I. ..^.1 (請先M讀背面之注意事項再4寫本頁) f4—個絕緣之載流導e ( 4 >*其特徵爲具有半導體性 質之第一靥被設置在在該導體（4 )四周•固體絕緣層（ 7 )被設置在該第一層四1周，且具有半導體性質之第二層 C 8 )被設置在該絕緣曆四周，且其中設置有接地機構（ 18、21、22、24、26、28、30、32、 34、35、36、37、38 '39、40、42、 44、46、48、52)來使該繞線之至少一個點與接 地相連接。 2 2 .依照申請專利範圍第1項，其特徵爲該第 一層之位能大體上等於導體之位能 3 .依照申請專利範圍第1其特徵爲該第 二層被列置成大體上構成圍繞該導髏之等位面。 4 .依照申請專利範困第3項^，其特徵爲該第 二層被連接至預定之位能· 其特徵爲該預 經濟部中央搮芈局貝工消費合作社印製 5 .依照申請專利範圍第4項， 定之位能爲接地位能· 6 ·依照申請專利範園第1項難，其特徵爲至少 兩個相鄰之層具有大體上相等之熱膨數· 7 .依照申請專利範圍第1項£^1»，其特徵爲該載 流導體包含若干線股，僅有少部分之該線股彼此沒有隔絕 8 .依照申請專利範圍第1項、第2項、第3項 '第 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家揉準（CNS) A4说格（210X297公釐） 16 AS Β8 C8 D8 41·)δ75 六、申請專利範圍 4項、第5項、第6項或第7琪特徴爲各該 層以沿著整個連接表面之固定方式連接至相鄰餍 (請先《讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本頁) 9 . 一種高電壓磁場之電力交流機*該機器包含磁核 與至少一個繞線，其特徵爲該繞線爲纜線之形式，該纜線 包含一個或更多個載流導體，各導體具有若干線股、設置 在該半導體內層之四周的固體絕緣材質之絕緣層、以及設 置在該絕緣層之四周的半導體外層，且其特徵爲設置有接 地機構以便將該繞線之至少一酤連接至接地·. 1 0 .依照申請專利範騸第9項，其特徵爲該 :，Λ Μ線亦包含被覆和金靥遮蔽· 1 1 .依照申請專利範第9 其特徵爲該 接地機構包含繞線之直接接地所用之機構· 所用之諷‘\。 12嫌· 1 2 ·依照申請專利範圔第9項，其特徴爲該 接地機構包含繞線之低電阻接地所用之 13. 依照申請專利範圍第12項之·該機器具 有Y聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性點，其特徴爲該低竈阻’ 接地機構包含連接於中性點與接地之間電阻電阻器。 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消费合作社印«- 14. 依照申請專利範圍第12項機器具 有Υ聯繞線*此繞線爲可得之中性點，其特該低電阻 接地機構包含連接於變壓器之次件內的電阻器，該變壓器 之主件連接於中性點與接地之間· ，上J 1 5 .依照申請專利範圃第9項•其特徴爲該 -\ 接地機構包含繞線之低電感接地所用的· 1 6 .依照申請專利範園第1 5該機器具 本紙張尺度適用中a國家搞準（CNS)A4规格（ 210X297公釐）_ 17 - 41^37> A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 2 4 .依照申請專利範圍第9 該機器具有 Y聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性點，其特徴i該接地機構 包含連接於變應器之次件內的電抗器，該變壓器之主件連 接於中性點與接地之間*該電抗器所具有之特徵使得接地 錯誤期間之容電流大髏上可被電抗器供出之感應電流中之 相等分量中和》 ίΜ^' 25.依照申請專利範圍第9項 其特徵爲該 接地機構包含連接至接地之阻抗的改變機構7以便回應接地 經濟部中央揉準局只工消费合作社印装 錯誤· 26.依照申請專利範圍第9 接地機構包含主動電路* 2 7 .依照申請專利範困第9 接地機構包含Y-△接地變壓器， 網路側。 2 8 .依照申請專利範国第9 接地機構包含稱作Z形之接地變壓 器之網路側。 2 9 .依照申請專利範園第9 Y聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性點 包含調成第η次諧和的壓制濾波器 3 0 .依照申請專利範圍第9 Υ聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性點 包含解調成第η次諧和的可切換式 31.依照申請專利範圍第2
    其特徵爲該 項之HSP，其特徵爲該 此變壓器連接至機器之 身 器*此變¥器連接至機 I ·- I ^^1 1^1 ^^1 - i n ^^1 In (請先》讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 特徵爲該 ^該機器具有 其特該接地機構 項機器具有 其特徵爲該接地機構 壓制嫌波器、:·& 9項芝iiS 其特徵爲 本纸張尺度適用中國两家梯準（CNS)A4说格（2!0><297公釐）_ 19 - B8 C8 DS 六、申請專利範圍 有Y聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性黏•其特徽爲骇低電感 接地機構包含連接於中性酤與接地之^|5^電感憊感_器· 1 7 .依照申請專利範園第1 該機器具 有Y聯蹺線，此繞線爲可得之中性黏，其特該低電感 接地機構包含連接於變壓器之次件內的竃感器，該鏵壓器 之主件連¥於中性黏與接地之間· 8.依照申請專利範_第
    其特微爲該 接地機構包含嫌鎳之高電阻接地所用的機
    經濟部中央椹率局貝工消费合作社印¾ 1 9 ·依照申腈專利範園第1 8項乏11^·該機器具 有Y聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性黏·其特徴爲該高m阻 接地機構包含連接於中性黏與接地之^^電阻電阻器· 2 0 .依照申猜專利範園第1 8項該機器具 有Y聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性點，其特徽爲胲髙電阻 接地機構包含連接於樊壓器之次件內的電'阻器，該變壓器 之主件連接於中性黏與接地之間· 21 .依照申請專利範圈第9項；*其特徴爲該 接地機構包含繞線之高電感接地所用 2 2 .依照申請專利範圍第2 1項之該機器具 有Y聯繞線*此嫌線爲可得之中性黏，其特微爲該髙電感 接地機構包含連接於中性黏與接地$感電感器 23.依照申請專利範園第2 有Y聯艉線*此繞線爲可得之中性黏 該機器具 其特曾"爲胲高《感 接地機構包含連接於變懕器之次件內的電感器*該變壓器 之主件連接於中性點與接地之間· 本纸乐尺度逍用中《国家#準（CNS>M規格（210XW7公釐夂18 Ί ^-- (請先«讀背面之注項再填寫本頁) 訂 A8 B8 C8 D8 419S7S 六、申請專利範圍 該第η次諧和爲第三次諧和· 3 2 .依照申請專利範圍第9 機器具有 Υ聯繞線，此繞線爲可得之中性點·其特徵爲該接地機構 包含連接於該中性點與接地之間的過電壓保護器· 33.依照申請專利範圃第18項、第19項、第 20項、第21項、第22項、第23項、第24項，第 2 5項、第2 6項項，第28項、第29項、第 3 0項或第3 1會機器具有Y聯繞線，此繞線 爲可得之中性點，其特徵爲過電壓保護器連接於該中性點 與接地之間而與該接地機-成並聯· 3 4，一種分布或傳，其特徵爲此縟路包含至 \ - 少一個依照申請專利範圔第\m 9項 ---------裝-- *I (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I)
    以 *1T- 經濟部中央標準局®:工消費合作社印策 本紙張尺度適用t國國家樣準（CNS ) Α4規格（2丨0Χ297公釐）_ 20--
TW086107962A 1996-05-29 1997-06-10 An electric high voltage ac machine TW419878B (en)

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SE9602078A SE510192C2 (sv) 1996-05-29 1996-05-29 Förfarande och kopplingsarrangemang för att minska problem med tredjetonsströmmar som kan uppstå vid generator - och motordrift av växelströmsmaskiner kopplade till trefas distributions- eller transmissionsnät
SE9602079A SE9602079D0 (sv) 1996-05-29 1996-05-29 Roterande elektriska maskiner med magnetkrets för hög spänning och ett förfarande för tillverkning av densamma
SE9700335A SE508556C2 (sv) 1997-02-03 1997-02-03 Krafttransformator/reaktor
SE9700347A SE510631C2 (sv) 1997-02-03 1997-02-03 Förfarande och anordning för att minska trdjetonsfenomen vid direktanslutning av växelströmsmaskiner

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DE69726267T2 (de) 2004-09-09
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CO4650249A1 (es) 1998-09-03
NO985553L (no) 1998-11-27
EP0888661A2 (en) 1999-01-07
WO1997045926A3 (en) 1998-01-22
CN1220043A (zh) 1999-06-16
AU2988697A (en) 1998-01-05
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PL330225A1 (en) 1999-05-10
EP0888661B1 (en) 2003-11-19
KR20000016037A (ko) 2000-03-25
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UA45452C2 (uk) 2002-04-15
JP2000511392A (ja) 2000-08-29
DE69726267D1 (de) 2003-12-24
WO1997045926A2 (en) 1997-12-04
BR9709619A (pt) 1999-08-10
HK1021085A1 (en) 2000-05-26
AU718681B2 (en) 2000-04-20
EE03408B1 (et) 2001-04-16
CA2255739A1 (en) 1997-12-04
NO985553D0 (no) 1998-11-27
US6891303B2 (en) 2005-05-10
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CN1101988C (zh) 2003-02-19
ATE254815T1 (de) 2003-12-15

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