五 發明説明（ A7 B7 經濟部中央標率局爲工消費合作社印製 用之關加？、通風及空調(HAVC)馬達所使 4 ’有關多相馬達之起動器電路及降 t起動電相及制錢變換崎擇性的控制馬達起動時 所汲取之線路電流之控制策略。 ，許多應用上，於多相馬達起動時，降低其所没用之 電机疋人人所希望的；起動或湧入 流約為運轉電流之五-六倍；這樣含之=馬達所需之電 π之電流對設備、電源 及電力使用之經濟性均會造成多種傷害；純粹舉例而言， 在長電力線上取用如此高之起動電流，會造成電壓之實質 下降，導致無足夠之電壓供完成作業；且當馬達起動時， 使用同-條電力綠之其他用戶也可能經歷不希望發生的電 壓波動；為消除此-現象，電力公司，尤其是歐洲之電力 公司，會處罰起動或湧入時，電流過高之用戶。 •降低馬達起動電流之一種習知方法為使用自耦變壓器 ’然’自㈣壓器之1£比是在設計其組件時就已決定了， 且保持不變’所以不若本發明來得有彈性。另—種限制起 動電流之方式’為使用如電感器、電阻器等串聯元件，但 這種方式需要較自輕變壓器起動器為高之線路電 I 供相同之轉矩。 "侍& 因此，提供一多相馬達之起動器電路以降低及可選擇 地控制馬達在起動時所沒用之線路電流量及改善其他習知 —包括自耦變壓器一之低電流起動器電路及方法，乃為大 家所希望的；尤其是，提供最低可能起動電流之多相馬^ 的起動器電路更疋大家之期待；這樣之；^動器電路滿足了 V 裝J--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 J--^線----- nn I- »1 · 本紙張纽制巾( 210X297^ ) .!| I- I I - · A7 A7 經濟部中央標牟局貝工消贽合作社印掣 五、發明説明（2 ) - 應用上之需要，那就是馬達起動電流應越低越好。 因此’本發明之一目的在提供一多相馬達之起動器電 路’改善習知技術之方法與系統以降低起動時馬達所汲用 之線路電流。 本發明之其他目的及優點一部分將在以下說明中說明 ，一般技藝人士可由此等說明中或在實施本發明時瞭解另 —部分；本發明之目的及優點藉由後附申請專利範圍特別 指出之元件及其組合，加以實現及達成。 為達成及依據本發明之目的，如同本文所具現及廣義 描述者，本發明包括一與提供正負電流交變之多相電源裝 置及一多相馬達配合使用之起動器電路，供降低馬達起動 時從電源所汲用電流。該馬達起動器電路包括一第—開關 ，來自電源裝置之線路電流經第一開關至馬達；及一對開 關一二極體組合裝置’其被電氣式地组構成當第一開關於 開路位置時，該開關一二極體組合裝置即載送馬達中之電 流。第一開關受控制在開路與閉路位置間循環，而該對開 關一二極體組合裝置受控制成依據電流交變之極性，在第 一開關於開路位置時，交替地載送馬達中之電流，於是完 成電流變換，降低起動時馬達所汲用之電流。所汲用起動 電流係依第一開關之工作周期而比例地由可用線路電流減 少。 本發明亦包含一與提供正負電流交變之多相電源裝置 及多相馬達配合使用之起動器電路，用以降低馬達起動時 從電源所汲用電流；該馬達起動器電路包含，對每一相位 --------ti------訂-------- f請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁jFifth invention description (A7 B7 printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs for industrial and consumer cooperatives ?, ventilation and air-conditioning (HAVC) motors, 4 'starter circuits related to multi-phase motors, and t Money control transforms the control strategy of selectively controlling the line current drawn when the motor starts. In many applications, when a multi-phase motor is started, it reduces the useless motor that everyone wants; starting or surge The inflow is about five to six times the running current; this includes the electric current π required by the motor, which will cause a variety of harm to the economics of the equipment, power supply, and power use; purely for example, taking a long power line Using such a high starting current will cause a substantial drop in voltage, resulting in insufficient voltage to complete the operation; and when the motor starts, other users using the same power green may also experience undesired voltage fluctuations; in order to eliminate This phenomenon, power companies, especially European power companies, will penalize users with excessive current when starting or inrushing. • A well-known method of reducing motor starting current is to use auto The 1 然 ratio of the transformer's self-pressurizer is determined when designing its components and remains unchanged 'so it is not as flexible as the invention. Another way to limit the starting current' is to use such as an inductor Series components such as resistors, resistors, etc., but this method requires the same torque to be supplied to the high line power I as compared to the light transformer starter. Therefore, a multi-phase motor starter circuit is provided to reduce and Selectively control the amount of line current that the motor does not use at startup and improve other practices—including low-current starter circuits and methods for autotransformers—which are desirable; in particular, provide the lowest possible starting current The starter circuit of the polyphase horse ^ is more anticipating everyone's expectations; in this way, the ^ actuator circuit meets the V installation J --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order J-^ line- --- nn I- »1 · Paper towels (210X297 ^).! | I- II-· A7 A7 Printed by the Central Labor Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Peigong Consumer Cooperatives V. Description of the Invention (2)-Application The need is that the starting current of the motor should be as low as possible. Therefore, "an object of the present invention is to provide a starter circuit of a multi-phase motor" to improve the method and system of the conventional technology to reduce the line current drawn by the motor during starting. Part of the other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described below. In the description, ordinary artisans can understand another part from these descriptions or when implementing the present invention; the objects and advantages of the present invention can be achieved and achieved by attaching elements and combinations specifically indicated in the scope of the appended patents. And in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention includes a starter circuit used in conjunction with a multi-phase power supply device providing positive and negative current alternation and a multi-phase motor to reduce the power from the motor when the motor starts. The current drawn by the motor. The motor starter circuit includes a first switch, and the line current from the power supply device passes the first switch to the motor; and a pair of switch-diode combination devices, which are electrically assembled as the first When the switch is in the open position, the switch-diode combination device carries the current in the motor. The first switch is controlled to cycle between open and closed positions, and the pair of switch-diode combination devices are controlled to be made according to the polarity of the alternating current. When the first switch is in the open position, it alternately carries the current in the motor. Therefore, the current conversion is completed to reduce the current drawn by the motor during starting. The starting current drawn is proportionally reduced by the available line current according to the duty cycle of the first switch. The invention also includes a starter circuit that is used in conjunction with a multi-phase power supply device that provides alternating positive and negative currents and a multi-phase motor to reduce the current drawn from the power source when the motor starts. The motor starter circuit includes, for each Phase -------- ti ------ Order -------- f Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page j
B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 而吕’ 一第一開關，以雙向固態開關為較佳，設於電源與 馬達之間並與之串聯地電性連接，第一開闕在開路狀態與 閉路狀態間循環以提供馬達所需之脈寬調變電流；起動器 電路同時亦包含-與第一二極體以串聯方式電性連接的第 -開關’第二開關與第—二極體設於第—開關與馬達之間 且與該二者並聯地電性連接；第三開關與第二二極體以串 聯方式電性連接，第三開關與第二二極體設於第_開_ 馬達之間且與該二者並聯地電性連接；第二二極體被電性 連接為當第一二極體受逆向偏壓時其即受順向偏壓，而第 -二極體為順向偏壓時，其則受逆向偏壓；當馬達正電流 交變時，第二開關保持閉路位置而第三開關保持開路位置 ’使得當第一開關處於開路狀態時，第一二極體載送來自 馬達之電流；當馬達負電流交變時，第二開關保持開路位 置而第三開關保持於閉路位置’使得當第一開關處於開路 狀態時’第二二極體載送來自馬達之電流，由此完成電流 變換’降低起動時馬達自電源汲用之電流，依第一開關之 工作周期而比例地將起動電流自可用線路電流降低。 尤有進者，本發明包括一能量槽，設於第一開關與馬 達之間，且與該二者並聯地電性連接，在低功率因數值時 使用，；該能量槽可為一耗能裝置或一儲能裝置。 吾人應瞭解的是上述之一般說明及以下伴隨圖式所作 之詳細說明’僅為範例與供說明本案所請求之本發明之原 理而已。 A7 B7 五、 發明説明（4 第1 a圖為供配合直流（DC )電湃祛田 ^ ^电你使用之習知「降壓 變換器」（BUckC〇nverter)的電路方塊示意圖； 第lb-ld圖分別為第_所示電路中在5〇%工作周期 下之電流I!、12及13的示意圖； ° 第2圖為本發明馬達起動器電路單一相位之方塊圖； 第3a圖為第2圖所示電路中的線路電流（Ιι)與馬達 電流（13 )之示意圖； 第3b圖為第2圖所示電路中的線路電流（I)與二極 體電流（101及102)之示意圖； 第4圖為本發明組構來配合丫·型接法馬達運轉的三相 馬達起動器電路之方塊圖； 第5圖為本發明組構來配合角接法馬達運轉的三相 達起動器電路之方塊圖；及 第6圖為供與第2圖所示起動器電路配合使用並包括… 以感知馬達運轉參數之複數個感應器的控制器之簡化方塊 圖0 馬 用 .裝-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂 " 經滴部中央標準局貝工消贽合作社印掣 以下將詳細參述第2—6圖所示的本發明起動器電路之 各較佳實施例；在說明各實施例之前，先依第1&_1(1圖說 明一般原理。 請參閱第la圖，其為配合直流（DC )電源使用之習 知電路圖；如一般所知地，該開關調整器電路，一般稱為 「降壓變換器」（Buck Converter )電路，對直流高電壓 轉變成直流低電壓非常有用。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） A7 A7 經滴部中央標準局負工消费合作社印製 ^_________ B7 — — — 五、發明説明（5 ) , 如圖所示’電感器（Ll)及開關（Sl)大致電性互連 於電源（vDC)與電阻負載（Rl)之間；開關8丨藉一控制 器（圖上未示）控制其在「開」與「關」位置間循環。第 lb圖繪示當開關Sjg與關時，由電源流經開關\之電流； 如圖’在50%工作周期（即t〇n=t〇ff)時，電流1之波形為 方波；然’在開關閉合之期間内，電流I!之大小並非保持 定值而是漸增；當開關閉合時，電感器1^及負載RL呈通路 ’電流由電源流經電感器L!及負載RL。 復請參閱第1 a圖，當開關開斷時，電流停止自電源流 出；二極體D!變成順向偏壓（即導通），而形成通路， 載送電感器内之電流。第lc圖繪示當開關與關時，電 流Iz流經二極體0丨之情形；如圖，電流12之波形大致近於 方波’惟在開關是開斷期間内，電流12之大小漸減。 參閱第Id圖可見，藉由設置在開關開斷時截送電流至 電感器之二極體D!，當輸入電流按照擇定之切換率依比 例交替地停止及流入時’可使輸出電流13保持僅有微小漣 波；此舉使得直流之電流及電壓變換，與交流電應用中由 變壓器所得者相同。 請參閱第2圖，編號10大致表示為本發明馬達起動器 電路應用在單相（即雙線）應用的實施例之方塊圖。在本 實施例中，使用如IGBT (絕緣閘雙極電晶體）之高速固 態開關；如下文所詳細描述地，使用這樣之開關而非如SCR (矽控整流器）之再生（閂鎖）開關，可消除倚靠線路換 向終止電流之需求；而且在公用電力線與馬達之間，使用 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） --------.裝---r---訂----*-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消贽合作社印" 五、發明説明（6"^ ' ’ '~—---- 高速開關，藉由在變換“開，’（開關閉合）與“關，，（門 關開路）之時間比值時以較電力線頻率為高之較高頻率； 切換裳置，可以降低供至馬達之電麗；同時控制其他與馬 達形成分路之固態開關之導通，允許電流在連接電力線之 =關為開路時’依舊能繼續流通；依此方法來控制起動電 流’即可導致-種電流變換作用，其中依開關§1之工作周 月（即ton + toff / ton )比值，馬達電流超過線路電流。而 且應知，本發明之起動器電路及控制方法可使得輸入/輸 出之伏安（VA)額定值相等；譬如在5〇%之工作周期下 ，輸入伏安乘積等於全線路電壓乘以5〇%馬達電流，而輸 出伏安乘積等於50%線路電壓乘以馬達電流，因此輸入伏 女乘積等於輸出伏安乘積。 所有使用串聯元件來限制起動電流（電感器，電阻器 電解質及固態）之習知馬達起動器均需較γ型—三角型 起動器或自搞變壓器起動器用較多（即約73% )之電流方 得以提供相同之轉矩。本發明提供一裝置使自耦變壓器之 功能可以固態裝置來達成；此外，有效電流變換比可以電 子方式改變；這些可以很快連續地做好，而且即使起動^ 序正在進行中亦然，使得本案具有優於習知方式之優點。 復請參閱第2圖’馬達起動器電路10包括複數個固態 開關Si、及S3，二極體〇丨及〇2，一大致以編號12表示之 馬達及一能量槽14。馬達起動器電路1〇與一交流電源16電 性連接，該交流電源產生具有眾所周知正負電壓交變特徵 之正弦電壓波形’而得到負載中之正負電流交變；一開關 ^張尺度適用中關家標準（CNS ) A4規格（21GX297公釐) 〇 - ..裝 ί..---'----訂-------Λ ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標芈局貝工消費合作社印聚 五、發明説明（' 一 —~- 控制器，譬如ECU 18 (其中包含如微處理器一般之裝置 ’為明晰起見，圖上未示）依一控制策略來控制開關\、 S及S之循環動作，該控制策略係以由微處理器執行之軟 體來具現實施，將於下文中詳述。 在較佳實施例中’如第2圖，開關81為一雙向固態開 關，位於電源16與馬達12之間，與兩者以串聯方式電性連 接；開關S!經由ECU 18控制，在開路狀態與閉路狀態間 重覆循環，在閉路狀態時，電流經由此開關流到馬達，在 開路狀態時，電流不流經開關；應知，如此操作開關I， 會對馬達12提供脈寬調變電流。 如第2圖所示，開關h為一固態開關，以串聯方式與 二極體電性連接；同樣的，開關S3以串聯方式與二極體 h電性連接；在一實施例中，開關&與開關心為單向開關 ，這些以串聯方式連接之開關—二極體組合裝置，以彼此 間並聯及與馬達並聯方式電性連接，並位於開關I與馬達 12之間；較佳地，二極體〇1與二極體A之接線方式為， 當一二極體是順向偏壓且可載送電流時，另一二極體是不 連接或逆向偏壓而不可載送電流。 由電源16藉不斷地在開與關間切換開關&，即可得到 馬達起動電流；切換之頻率最好遠高於線路電流之頻率； 譬如，對於頻率為60HZ2交流線路電壓，那開關\之切 換頻率可在约1.2kHZ到約18kHz之間；當然其他之頻率也 可以用。雖然開關8丨之開與關之時間比會隨著特定殊應用 而不同，但為便於本文說明起見及如第3a圖所示，不論是 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公| ) 10 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} '裝. 訂 ,Α,. Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（8 ) ' "~~~ 正或是負電流交變，開關Sl閉合之時間占4〇%，而開_ 斷開之時間占60% ;由第3a圖可見，不論是正或是負電流 交變，當線路電壓增加時，每-電流脈机之大小亦増: 〇 在正馬達電流交變時，開關心處於閉路位置，開關& 處於開路位置；起初，經由開關\輸入馬達之電流（第^ 圖與第3a圖之ID增加，直至開關Si開路為止；在開關^ 為開路之前’沒有純二極體載送電流，因為開關I為開 路而二極體Dl為逆向偏壓。當開關&為開路，因馬達Η之 電感所儲存之能，造成二極體Di變為順向偏壓，馬達之 電流（第2圖與第3a圖標示為l3)流經開叫及二極體仏 ;電流繼續經二極體Dl及馬達流動，直至開關1下一次閉 合為止。當開關81為閉路時，二極體〇1又變為逆向偏壓而 停止载送電流.，電流恢復由電源16流向馬達12直至開關心 下次開斷為止。 經满部中央標準局負工消费合作社印g 請繼續參閱第2圖舆第33圖，在負馬達電流交變時， 開關S2處於開路位置’開關&處於閉路位置。在開_丨為 閉路時，線路電流I,可流過馬達12 ;沒有任何二極體載送 電流，因為開關S2為開路而二極體〇2為逆向偏麼。而當開 MS,為開路’二極_變為順向偏覆，馬達内流動之電流 (工3 )战經開關Ss及二極體D2 ;電流繼續經二極體及馬 達机動’直至開關Si下一次閉合為止；當開關^為閉路時 ，二極體D2又變為逆向偏壓而停止載送電流，電流恢復 由電源16流向馬達12直至開關S丨下-次開斷為止。 本紙張尺度適用中 五、發明説明（ A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局負工消f合作社印製 %參閱第3b圖，以圖示方式來說明線路電流L與二極 電流脈波（以iD1、Id2來表示）間之關係。h代表在正 馬達電流交變期間當開關\為開路時，流經二極體Dl之電 巟，同樣地’ ID2代表在負馬達電流交變期間當開關1為 開路=流經：極體D2之電流。如圖所示，只有當沒有線 IL亦即s開關s 1為開路時，才會有電流流經二極體 1及D2，當開關81為開路時，每一二極體電流脈波 之大小均有—最大值（約等於^之最大值），然後隨著時 間逐漸減少直至開關Si閉合為止。 b復请參閱第2圖，本發明亦可在低功率因數時，使用 ^量槽14以館存或㉝耗在每—次電流反向開始至下一可能 通期間（即§電壓及電流被正確極化時）陷集於馬達中 之無功能量；吾人已知，功率因數為實際功率（瓦特，Watts )與視在功率（伏安，v〇lt_Amp〇之比值。為了本文說 明之目的，能量槽14通常在功率因數2〇%時使用，功率 數·會在起動時遭_ ;—般來說，功率因數在輝、 内會達到-最終值（約90% )。第2圖所表示之能量槽 為金屬氧化物變阻器，但其他能消耗無功能量之裝置，即 電阻器，亦可使用。應知，雖然在此說明之能量槽】4為耗 絲置，但無功能量可以儲存在恰#之儲能裝置中，譬 電容器中，並藉變換器/反向變換器送回能量源中；： 變換器/反向變換器為習知裝置，於此不再資述。 請參閱第4及第5圖，分別為本發明起動器電路組構來 應用在γ_型接法及三角型接法馬達之三相（即三線） 因 以 14 如 如 等 起 ——^--------裝l· — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 表紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（ 210X297 公釐） 12 五、 &滴部中央標準局月工消贽合作社印製 A7 —-----—一 _ B7 發明説明（10) 動器的方塊圖；如第4及第5圖中所示，就每一線或每一相 位重覆第2圖所示之電路；為簡明計，圖中所示Y型接法 使用-共用或接地接法，惟實際使用上，起動器與馬達之 共用端並不需要相接。 由於藉上述方法控制開關之循環，可讓工作周期選擇 地被改變，故起動期間所汲用之線路電流量可被改變，以 達成最佳或任何想要之結果。的確，馬達所没用之電流量 在起動過程中可以漸漸地受改變。如第6圖所示，本發明 亦可使用一個或複數個大致由編號為2〇、22及24表示之感 應器，該專感應器在起動過程中可感知馬達丨2之運轉參數 ，雖,.、：圖中示出二個感應器，但較多或較少之感應器數目 亦屬可行；感應器20、22及24所感知之馬達運轉參數，舉 其中為樣，可包括加速度、速度、轉矩、安培及伏特等等 ，虽然，究竟那些參數須被監測，大抵視特定應用而定， 除了上述之運轉參數外，只要有適當之感應器，其他之參 數亦可被監測。 來自感應器之sfL號施加予並由譬如包括有微處理号或 類似物一般（為清晰起見，圖上未詳示）之ECU 26的間 關控制予以利用’此微處理器即依所感知參數之函數來 控制開關S!、S2及Ss之閉合動作。于此實施例中，應知， 微處理器被規劃以一方式控制開關閉路，使在整個馬達起 動過程中產生所需之線路電流分佈型式；其他伴隨本實施 例所產生之優點，尚有不論馬達之型式，開關之循環動作 可被控制以達到低起動電流。 Μ氏張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --------,裝—·---....---訂----*--- ^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 五、 A7 B7B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Lu's first switch is preferably a bidirectional solid-state switch. It is located between the power source and the motor and is electrically connected in series with it. The first switch is in the open and closed states. Cycle to provide the pulse width modulation current required by the motor; the starter circuit also includes a-switch-the second switch and the -diode are electrically connected in series with the first diode -The switch and the motor are electrically connected in parallel with the two; the third switch is electrically connected in series with the second diode, and the third switch and the second diode are provided in the _on_ motor. And the two diodes are electrically connected in parallel; the second diode is electrically connected such that when the first diode is reverse biased, it is subject to forward bias, and the first diode is forward When it is biased, it is subject to reverse bias; when the positive current of the motor is alternating, the second switch remains in the closed position and the third switch remains in the open position, so that when the first switch is in the open state, the first diode carries Current from the motor; when the negative current of the motor alternates, the second switch remains open Position and the third switch is kept in the closed position ', so that when the first switch is in the open state,' the second diode carries the current from the motor, thereby completing the current conversion 'to reduce the current drawn by the motor from the power source during startup, according to The duty cycle of the first switch reduces the starting current proportionally from the available line current. In particular, the present invention includes an energy slot provided between the first switch and the motor, and electrically connected in parallel with the two, and used at a low power factor value; the energy slot can be an energy-consuming Device or an energy storage device. What I should understand is that the above general description and the following detailed description accompanying drawings' are merely examples and are provided to illustrate the principles of the present invention as requested in this case. A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (4 The first a is a schematic diagram of the circuit block of the conventional "buck converter" (BUckConverter) for the use of direct current (DC) power. ^- The ld diagram is a schematic diagram of the currents I !, 12 and 13 at a 50% duty cycle in the circuit shown in _; ° Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a single phase of the motor starter circuit of the present invention; Fig. 3a is Schematic diagram of the line current (Ιι) and motor current (13) in the circuit shown in Figure 2; Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of the line current (I) and diode current (101 and 102) in the circuit shown in Figure 2 Figure 4 is a block diagram of a three-phase motor starter circuit configured in accordance with the present invention to operate with a Y-type connection motor; Figure 5 is a three-phase motor starter structured in accordance with the present invention to operate with an angular connection motor A block diagram of the circuit; and FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a controller for use with the starter circuit shown in FIG. 2 and including ... a plurality of sensors for sensing motor operating parameters. Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page)-Order " Central Bureau of Standards The following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the starter circuit of the present invention shown in Figs. 2-6; before describing the embodiments, the general principle will be explained in accordance with 1 & _1 (1 figure). Please refer to Figure la, which is a conventional circuit diagram for use with a direct current (DC) power supply. As is generally known, the switching regulator circuit is generally referred to as a "Buck Converter" circuit. The conversion of high voltage to DC low voltage is very useful. This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) A7 A7 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Distillation ^ _________ B7 — — — V. Invention Explanation (5), as shown in the figure, 'the inductor (Ll) and the switch (Sl) are roughly electrically interconnected between the power source (vDC) and the resistive load (Rl); the switch 8 borrows a controller (not shown in the figure) (Shown) control its cycle between the "on" and "off" positions. Figure lb shows the current flowing from the switch through the power supply when the switch Sjg and off; as shown in Figure '50% duty cycle (ie t〇n = t〇ff), the waveform of current 1 is a square wave; During the closing period, the current I! Does not maintain a constant value but increases gradually; when the switch is closed, the inductor 1 ^ and the load RL are in a path, and the current flows from the power source through the inductor L! And the load RL. Please refer to In Figure 1a, when the switch is turned off, the current stops flowing from the power source; the diode D! Becomes a forward bias (ie, on), and forms a path to carry the current in the inductor. Figure lc shows when When the switch is turned off, the current Iz flows through the diode 0; as shown in the figure, the waveform of the current 12 is approximately close to the square wave. However, during the period when the switch is open, the magnitude of the current 12 gradually decreases. It can be seen from the Id diagram that by setting the current to be intercepted to the diode D of the inductor when the switch is turned off, the output current 13 can be maintained when the input current alternately stops and flows in proportion to the selected switching rate in proportion. There are only small ripples; this makes the conversion of DC current and voltage the same as those obtained by transformers in AC applications. Please refer to FIG. 2. Reference numeral 10 generally represents a block diagram of an embodiment in which the motor starter circuit of the present invention is applied to a single-phase (ie, two-wire) application. In this embodiment, a high-speed solid state switch such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) is used; as described in detail below, such a switch is used instead of a regeneration (latch) switch such as an SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier), Can eliminate the need to rely on line commutation to terminate the current; and between the public power line and the motor, the use of this paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) --------. Install- -r --- Order ---- *-(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumers 'Cooperatives " V. Invention Description (6 " ^' '' ~ —---- High-speed switch, by changing the time ratio of "open, '(switch closed) and" closed, (door closed open), "a higher frequency than the power line frequency; switching clothes, It can reduce the power supply to the motor; at the same time control the conduction of other solid-state switches that form a shunt with the motor, allowing current to continue to flow when the power line = off is open; this method can be used to control the starting current Lead-a kind of current transformation effect, in which Regarding the working week-month ratio (that is, ton + toff / ton) of §1, the motor current exceeds the line current. Moreover, it should be noted that the starter circuit and control method of the present invention can make the input / output volt-ampere (VA) rated value Equal; for example, at a 50% duty cycle, the input volt-ampere product is equal to the full line voltage times 50% motor current, and the output volt-ampere product is equal to 50% of the line voltage times the motor current, so the input volt-product is equal to the output The volt-ampere product. All conventional motor starters that use series components to limit the starting current (inductor, resistor electrolyte, and solid state) need to use more than γ-delta starters or self-made transformer starters (ie about 73 %) Current can provide the same torque. The present invention provides a device so that the function of the autotransformer can be achieved by solid-state devices; In addition, the effective current conversion ratio can be changed electronically; these can be done quickly and continuously, and Even if the starting sequence is in progress, this case has advantages over the conventional method. Please refer to FIG. 2 for reference. The motor starter circuit 10 includes a plurality of fixed Switches Si, and S3, diodes 〇 丨 and 〇2, a motor generally indicated by the number 12 and an energy slot 14. The motor starter circuit 10 is electrically connected to an AC power source 16, which is well known for its generation. The sinusoidal voltage waveform of the characteristics of the positive and negative voltages is altered to obtain the positive and negative currents in the load. A switch is applied to the CNS A4 specification (21GX297 mm) 〇- .. 装 ί ..-- -'---- Order ------- Λ ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives, V. Invention Description ('一 — ~ -Controllers, such as ECU 18 (which contains devices like microprocessors, 'not shown in the figure for clarity') control the cyclic actions of switches \, S, and S according to a control strategy. The implementation of the software executed by the microprocessor will be described in detail below. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the switch 81 is a bidirectional solid-state switch, which is located between the power source 16 and the motor 12 and is electrically connected with the two in series; the switch S! Is controlled by the ECU 18 and is in an open circuit state. Repeat the cycle with the closed circuit state. In the closed circuit state, the current flows to the motor through this switch, and in the open circuit state, the current does not flow through the switch. It should be noted that the operation of the switch I will provide a pulse width modulation current to the motor 12 . As shown in FIG. 2, the switch h is a solid-state switch and is electrically connected to the diode in series; similarly, the switch S3 is electrically connected to the diode h in series; in one embodiment, the switch & amp And the switch core is a unidirectional switch, these switch-diode combination devices connected in series are electrically connected in parallel with each other and in parallel with the motor, and are located between the switch I and the motor 12; preferably, Diode 01 and diode A are connected in such a way that when one diode is forward biased and can carry current, the other diode is not connected or reverse biased and cannot carry current. The power supply 16 can continuously obtain the motor starting current by switching the switch between ON and OFF; the switching frequency is preferably much higher than the frequency of the line current; for example, for an AC line voltage of 60HZ2, the switch The switching frequency can be between about 1.2 kHz and about 18 kHz; of course, other frequencies can also be used. Although the time ratio of the opening and closing of the switch 8 丨 will vary with specific applications, but for the convenience of the description in this paper and as shown in Figure 3a, whether this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification ( 210X297 公 |) 10 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} 'Installation, order, Α ,. Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (8)' " ~~~ Alternating positive or negative current, switch Sl closed time accounts for 40%, while open_open time accounts for 60%. As shown in Figure 3a, no matter whether the positive or negative current is alternating, when the line voltage increases, the size of each-current pulse machine is also 増: 〇 When the positive motor current is alternating, the switch core is in the closed position, and the switch & is in the open position. At first, the motor current is input via the switch \ (the IDs in Figure ^ and Figure 3a increase until the switch Si is open); Before the switch ^ is open, there is no pure diode to carry the current, because the switch I is open and the diode Dl is reverse biased. When the switch & is open, the energy stored in the inductance of the motor ， causes the diode Body Di becomes forward biased, and the motor current (Figure 2 and Figure 3a) (Labeled l3) flows through the open bid and the diode 仏; the current continues to flow through the diode D1 and the motor until the switch 1 is closed next time. When the switch 81 is closed, the diode 01 becomes reverse biased again. Press to stop carrying the current. The current resumes from the power supply 16 to the motor 12 until the switch core is next opened. After printing by the Central Bureau of Standards and Consumers ’Cooperatives, please continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 33. When the motor current is alternating, the switch S2 is in the open position. The switch is in the closed position. When the open circuit is closed, the line current I can flow through the motor 12; there is no diode to carry the current because the switch S2 is Is the open circuit and the diode 〇2 reverse bias? And when the MS is turned on, the open circuit 'dipole_ becomes forward bias, the current flowing in the motor (Work 3) passes through the switch Ss and the diode D2; current Continue to drive through the diode and motor until the switch Si is closed next time; when the switch ^ is closed, the diode D2 becomes reverse bias and stops carrying current, and the current resumes from the power source 16 to the motor 12 until the switch S 丨 Until the next break. This paper size is applicable to Form 5 Description of the invention (A7 B7 Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, and Consumer Cooperatives,%) Refer to Figure 3b, and illustrate the relationship between the line current L and the two-pole current pulse wave (represented by iD1, Id2). h represents the electric current flowing through the diode D1 when the switch \ is open during the alternating current of the positive motor. Similarly, 'ID2 represents when the switch 1 is open during the alternating current of the negative motor = flowing through: the pole D2 As shown in the figure, only when there is no line IL, that is, s switch s 1 is open, there will be current flowing through diodes 1 and D2. When switch 81 is open, each diode current pulse The magnitude of the wave has a maximum value (approximately equal to the maximum value of ^), and then gradually decreases with time until the switch Si is closed. b. Please refer to FIG. 2. In the low power factor, the present invention can also use the ^ measuring slot 14 to store or consume every time the current starts in the reverse direction to the next possible on period (that is, the voltage and current are When properly polarized) the non-functional amount trapped in the motor; we know that the power factor is the ratio of the actual power (watts, Watts) to the apparent power (volt-ampere, v〇lt_Amp〇. For the purpose of this article, The energy tank 14 is usually used when the power factor is 20%, and the power number will be encountered at startup. Generally speaking, the power factor will reach the final value (about 90%) within the brightness, as shown in Figure 2. The energy slot is a metal oxide varistor, but other devices that can consume non-functional quantities, that is, resistors, can also be used. It should be noted that although the energy slot described here is 4 wire-consuming, non-functional quantities can be stored In the energy storage device of Qia #, such as a capacitor, it is returned to the energy source by the converter / inverter; The converter / inverter is a conventional device and will not be described here. Please refer to Figures 4 and 5 are the circuit configurations of the starter of the present invention applied to γ_ The three-phase (that is, three-wire) of the connection and triangular connection motors starts from 14 such as ------------ install l · — (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The paper size of the table applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). 12 5. Printed by A & M Co., Ltd. of the Central Bureau of Standards, A7 —-----— 一 _ B7 Description of the invention (10) Block diagram of the actuator; as shown in Figures 4 and 5, repeat the circuit shown in Figure 2 for each line or phase; for simplicity, the Y-connection shown in the figure uses-common or The ground connection method, but in actual use, the common end of the starter and the motor does not need to be connected. Because the cycle of the switch is controlled by the above method, the duty cycle can be selectively changed, so the amount of line current drawn during startup Can be changed to achieve the best or any desired result. Indeed, the amount of current used by the motor can be gradually changed during startup. As shown in Figure 6, the present invention can also use one or more The sensors are roughly represented by the numbers 20, 22 and 24. The special sensor is starting During the process, the operating parameters of the motor 2 can be sensed. Although the two sensors are shown in the figure, more or fewer sensors are also feasible; the motors sensed by the sensors 20, 22, and 24 Operating parameters, for example, can include acceleration, speed, torque, amps, volts, and so on. Although what parameters need to be monitored depends on the particular application. In addition to the above operating parameters, as long as there are appropriate Sensors and other parameters can also be monitored. The sfL number from the sensor is applied and controlled by the interlock control of the ECU 26, which generally includes a microprocessor number or the like (not shown in the figure for clarity). Use 'This microprocessor controls the closing action of switches S !, S2 and Ss according to the function of the sensed parameter. In this embodiment, it should be understood that the microprocessor is planned to control the opening and closing circuits in a manner so that the required line current distribution pattern is generated during the entire motor starting process; other advantages accompanying this embodiment still have Regardless of the type of motor, the cyclic action of the switch can be controlled to achieve a low starting current. The M's scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) --------, installed ------...----------------- -^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) V. A7 B7
發明説明（11 ) . 熟悉本項技藝人士將知曉，藉協調各自由循環動作之 二極體之導通，使馬達電流配合輸入公用電力之每一交變 而可循二相反方向流通，其可以實現相同於使用自耦變壓 器起動器所得到者之交流（AC)電壓/電流變換作用，但 更有可連續調整匝比之附加能力。依第3a圖所示，儘管供 予馬達之線路電流為斷續的，但馬達電流13通常為連續且 具一些漣波；另應知運用本發明，γ型/三角接法及自耦 壓器起動H (即最低起動安培）之性能優勢相等於固態 動器；且在大多數例子中，當需要低起動轉矩時，可藉 譬如，在加速期間回應轉矩之需求及加速比改變比值， 達較優越之性能（有最小加速時間之較低起動安培）。 如前所述，本發明馬達起動電流減少^匕之計畫可使爾 入，安乘積等於輸出伏安乘積；且，如下述，輸人電流在 最高點與零之間波動，當輸入電壓保持一定時，輸入電流 平均值為工作周期比值之函數；相對於此，輸出電流由' 極體〇1及〇2維持在最高值’不會有平均值，而電職 作周期比值之函數而降低；因此輸人伏安等於輸出伏安 所有已知之起動器，除了自柄變壓器外，不管是固觸 式動電阻式或感應式均無此特色；—般而言，習知之馬達 起動，器並不提供位準超過電力線所能提供咖電流的 顧馬達電流。此種缺乏使輸入電流降低之安 得輸入伏安乘積大於輸出伏安乘積；而本文所述^ 使用電流變換之技術在起動時減少馬達所 然使用自鍾壓器亦可達到類似之效果，_有=而 變 起 輸 二 工 雖 來 --------I /裝 l· — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Description of the invention (11). Those skilled in the art will know that by coordinating the conduction of the respective diodes that are cyclically operated, the motor current can flow in two opposite directions in cooperation with each change of the input public power. It has the same AC voltage / current conversion effect as that obtained by using an autotransformer starter, but has the additional ability to continuously adjust the turns ratio. As shown in Figure 3a, although the line current supplied to the motor is discontinuous, the motor current 13 is usually continuous and has some ripples; it should also be known that using the present invention, the γ / delta connection method and the autotransformer The performance advantage of starting H (that is, the lowest starting ampere) is equivalent to that of solid-state actuators; and in most cases, when low starting torque is required, for example, the ratio of the response to torque demand and the acceleration ratio can be changed during acceleration, To achieve superior performance (lower starting amps with minimum acceleration time). As mentioned above, the plan for reducing the starting current of the motor of the present invention can make the current input equal to the output volt-ampere product; and, as described below, the input current fluctuates between the highest point and zero, when the input voltage remains At a certain time, the average value of the input current is a function of the duty cycle ratio. In contrast, the output current is maintained by the 'polar bodies 01 and 02 at the highest value'. ; Therefore, input volt-ampere is equal to all known starters of output volt-ampere. Except for the self-handle transformer, no fixed-contact dynamic resistance or induction type has this feature; No motor current is provided that exceeds the level that the power line can provide. This lack of input current reduces the input volt-ampere product to be greater than the output volt-ampere product; and the technique described in this article ^ uses the current conversion technology to reduce the motor when starting, and the use of a self-clock voltage can also achieve a similar effect, _ Yes = while changing the second job -------- I / install l · — (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
、1T 本紙張尺度刺tsT辭辟（CNS ) 丄----------------- 14 經濟部中央標準局員工消贽合作社印" A7 〜---------B7 五、發明説明（12 ) . ' 之不利處，譬如，自搞變壓器相當缺乏彈性；自麵變壓器 之匝比是在設計其組件時就已決定了且保持不變，不若本 發明之工作周期以及因而電流變換之程度在馬達起動斯間 均可調整。 在一應用例中，本發明可以取代習知用來連接大型急 冷器氣壓縮機馬達與市電線路，並加速該馬達至運轉速Z 之「降壓」起動器；在目前所使用之固態起動器中，係^ 由將SCR置於馬達與電力線路之間，並藉縮減每—卿容 許導通之時間以控制施加於馬達端子之電壓，方得到所須 之「已降低之電壓」；同樣之方式也常用在家庭及餐廳為 減低燈光所使用之減光器上，惟所有流向負載（即燈）之 電流亦須由市電線路流入。 相反地，本發明允許，，電流變換，，與PWM之工作周期 成比例關係；這使得流入負載之電流可大於電力線路中之 電流。明言之，一種可能之起動順序包括在加速初期為低 工作周期（例如43% );在一定時間後（譬如，45秒）， 工作周期增加為100% ，施加全電力線路電壓給馬達。在 更複雜之順序中，開始之工作周期可以更低（譬如，幾個 百分比）’然後容許以一受控制速率增加，直至馬達開始 加速為止；在加速過程中，工作周期可連續調整以使過程 最佳化（最小電流/時間）；在這一層之控制，將需要有 表示例如電流及速度之回授訊號。 熟悉本項技藝人士將明顯看出，在不偏離本發明之精 神及範圍之狀況下，即可對本發明起動器電路及控制策略 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210Χ29·7公釐） \、裝 ---〆---訂------- (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁j A7 B7 五、 發明説明（η) ，作其他各種變化及修飾；當熟悉本項技藝人士看了本發 明之說明書及實施本發明後，及可明顯看出本發明之其他 實施例；以上說明書及諸實施例僅欲作為本發明之範例， 而本發明之真正精神及範圍將由後附之申請專利範圍來指 定。 元件標號對照 10···馬達起動器電路 12…馬達 14…能量槽 16…交流電源 20、22及24...感應器、 1T This paper scales tsT resignation (CNS) ------------------- 14 Employees of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs eliminate the cooperative seal " A7 ~ ----- ---- B7 V. Explanation of the invention (12). 'Disadvantages, such as the lack of flexibility of self-made transformers; the turn ratio of self-surface transformers has been determined and remains unchanged when designing its components. The duty cycle of the present invention and therefore the degree of current change can be adjusted between motor starts. In an application example, the present invention can replace a conventional “reduced pressure” starter used to connect a large-scale quench cooler air compressor motor to the mains line and accelerate the motor to a running speed Z; a solid-state starter currently used In order to obtain the required "reduced voltage", the SCR is placed between the motor and the power line, and the voltage applied to the motor terminals is controlled by reducing the time allowed for each turn-on to allow conduction; the same way It is also commonly used in homes and restaurants to reduce the light used in the dimmer, but all the current flowing to the load (ie, the lamp) must also flow from the mains line. On the contrary, the present invention allows the current conversion to be proportional to the duty cycle of the PWM; this allows the current flowing into the load to be greater than the current in the power line. To be clear, a possible starting sequence includes a low duty cycle (eg, 43%) at the beginning of acceleration; after a certain time (eg, 45 seconds), the duty cycle is increased to 100%, and the full power line voltage is applied to the motor. In more complex sequences, the starting duty cycle can be lower (for example, a few percentages) 'and then allowed to increase at a controlled rate until the motor begins to accelerate; during acceleration, the duty cycle can be continuously adjusted to make the process Optimization (minimum current / time); control at this level will require feedback signals representing, for example, current and speed. Those skilled in the art will obviously see that the circuit and control strategy of the starter of the present invention can be applied to this paper standard without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 29 · 7 mm). (Li) \, equipment --- 〆 --- order ------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page j A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (η), make various other changes and modifications ; When those skilled in the art have read the description of the present invention and the implementation of the present invention, other embodiments of the present invention can be clearly seen; the above description and the embodiments are only intended as examples of the present invention, and the true nature of the present invention The spirit and scope will be specified by the scope of the attached patent application. Component reference 10 ... Motor starter circuit 12 ... Motor 14 ... Energy slot 16 ... AC power supply 20, 22, 24 ... Sensor
Dr··二極體 D2…二極體 ID1、ID2…二極體電流脈波 S!、82及83.·.控制開關 --------V 袈 ί.--U---訂 (請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經 漪 部 中 央 標 準 局 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 f 本紙張尺度適和中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 16Dr ·· Diode D2… Diode ID1, ID2… Diode current pulse wave S !, 82 and 83 ... Control switch -------- V 袈 ί .-- U --- Order (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives f This paper is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 16