B7 五、發明説明(1 2 ) [創作背景] 在大的直流負載場合通常用直流魏供應器多模組並 聯,並且平均分_載電流’ _能降低模組電流負荷, 而且具有擴充能力及易於更換維料優點,提高了效率及 可靠度。對於^組並聯之負載電流平均分配,有很多方 法,其中又以單均流線式的並聯方法最簡單,如第一圖, 每個模組間使用一條均流線(share bus)作爲均流依據。因 爲這種方式僅需在每一個模組附加數個運算放大器 (operational amplifier)或比較器(comparat〇r)電路,這種方法 有許多梦處: (1) 無須外加中央控制單元(central control 來處理電流 分配問題。因爲加入中央控制單元會增力口成本、佔用空 間,中央控制單元故障也會導致當機,降低可靠度。爲 了增加可靠度也有採用單線式並聯外加中央控制單元爲 輔助的系統出現。 (2) 無主僕(master-slave)模組之分。各模組間以匯流排相接 豈爲電流分配的參考,但各模組爲獨立(aut〇n〇m〇us), 並不以某一個模組爲標準,沒有主模組故障即當機的問 題。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 所以現今大型直流電源供應系統多採用這種方法。 但是這種方法還存在一些問題,例如模組均流之響應如 果太慢,則在暫態(transient)時會產生短暫電流不平均的現 象。這種現象通常發生於負載發生大變化或某些模組故障 必需重新分配電流時。由於模組反應速度太慢,使得有些 1 2 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公楚) 、發明説明(2 經濟.哪中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 模組電流已經過大,而且進入限流(current limit)保護狀態 並發出告警。雖然這種告警並不是很嚴重,而且持續時間 也很短,但是這是可以避免的。 [創作概要] 研九發現電壓控制模式之並聯万式是利用均流線與本 身模組電流比較來調鲞控制電路的電壓命令。這種控制方 法響應易受電壓迴路頻寬(bandwidth)之影響,使整體電路 反應減慢’也就是過電流發生的原因。本創作提出單線式 電流控制模式多模組並聯的方法,電流模式的電源供應器 本身具有比較快的電路響應,利用外部均流線與本身模組 電現比較來調整電流命令(current command),也可達到均 流的目的。當每一模組電流都與均流線所指示電流命令一 致時,就達到我們所要均流的目的了。 本創作採用電流控制模式有下述優點: ⑴電流控制迴路的頻寬提高增快整體電路響應。 (2) 聲頻忍受度也比較好。 (3) 因爲電流控制模式之模組内必須使用電流偵測器來控制 輸出電感電流,而多模組並聯平均電流控制也必須在模組 内安裝電流侧器。在這種情形下每個模組就可使用同^ 個,流偵測器同時作回授控制及電流分配,不增加成本。 單線式之直流電源供應器多模組並聯平均負載 方法結合上述之兩大結構,詳細電路料第 圖僅供説明用,並不爲本創作之唯一電路形式。在第二 中’每個並義直流電源供應器鋪方式爲電流控制模 ___ 2 本紙張尺度適用CNS) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再ίλ寫本頁} -裳 、βτB7 V. Description of the invention (1 2) [Creation background] In the case of large DC load, DC Wei supplier is usually used to connect multiple modules in parallel, and the average share of _load current '_ can reduce the module current load, and has the ability to expand and The advantages of easy replacement of maintenance materials improve efficiency and reliability. There are many methods for the average distribution of load currents in parallel groups. Among them, the single parallel method is the simplest. As shown in the first figure, each module uses a share bus as the current sharing. in accordance with. Because this method only needs to add a few operational amplifiers or comparator circuits to each module, this method has many dreams: (1) There is no need to add a central control unit (central control to Handle the current distribution problem. Because adding the central control unit will increase the cost and take up space, the failure of the central control unit will also cause crashes and reduce the reliability. In order to increase reliability, there is also a single-wire parallel system with a central control unit as an auxiliary system. Appears. (2) There is no master-slave module. The connection between the modules is a reference for current distribution, but each module is independent (aut〇n〇m〇us), and Not using a certain module as the standard, there is no problem that the main module fails and crashes. It is printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economics. Therefore, this method is currently used in large DC power supply systems. For example, if the response of the module current sharing is too slow, transient transient current unevenness will occur during transient. This phenomenon usually occurs When the load changes or some modules fail to redistribute the current. Due to the module's reaction speed is too slow, some of the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297), the description of the invention (2 Economy. Which Central Standards Bureau staff consumer cooperative printed module current is too high, and enters the current limit protection state and issues an alarm. Although this alarm is not very serious, and the duration is short, but this is It can be avoided. [Creation summary] Yanjiu found that the parallel mode of the voltage control mode uses the current of the current line to compare with the current of the module to adjust the voltage command of the control circuit. This control method responds to the voltage loop bandwidth ( bandwidth), which slows down the overall circuit response, which is the reason for overcurrent. This creation proposes a single-wire current control mode with multiple modules in parallel. The current mode power supply has a faster circuit response. Comparing the external current sharing line with its own module to adjust the current command, the current sharing can also be achieved. Purpose. When the current of each module is consistent with the current command indicated by the current sharing line, the purpose of the current sharing we have achieved is achieved. The current control mode used in this creation has the following advantages: 提高 The bandwidth of the current control loop is increased and increased. Fast overall circuit response. (2) The audio frequency tolerance is also better. (3) Because the current control mode must use a current detector to control the output inductor current, and the multi-module parallel average current control must also be in the mode. A current-side device is installed in the group. In this case, each module can use the same ^, and the current detector is used for feedback control and current distribution at the same time, without increasing costs. Single-line DC power supply multiple modules The parallel average load method combines the two major structures described above. The detailed circuit diagram is for illustration only and is not the only circuit form of this creation. In the second one, the method of laying each DC power supply is current control mode. ___ 2 This paper size is applicable to CNS) (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page)-Clothes, βτ
發明説明( 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 式’各模組間使用一條均、始γ L 、, 以此來料流依據, 時具有這些優點。參考’千均分配輸出電流,^ [圖式之説明] 圖爲科辆爾峨__麵應系 請糾之轉丨钱㈣模辭騎流之單 [圖式之詳細説明] =圖:域輸人端,輸爲総或交流電。ν〇爲輸 各模組輸出端爲並聯,爲直流電源供應模組。 buS爲均流線,將各模_流控繼短路。 =二,··每一個模組當中均有三舰算放大郷成控 路。各個部分的功能分述如下: ⑴均流線(share bus)爲修正電流誤差用,各模組間除了輸 入輸出相並聯外,尚需用均流線短路以指示平均電流。 在模組電流訊號與均流,線間有一均流電阻Rs。當每個模 組之均流電畴網時,各模峰Α電流_同。此均 流電阻有精確度之要求喊少猶鮮。若欲各模組電 流成比例分配,則僅需調整均流電阻大小成比例即可。 (2)電壓誤差放大器(err〇r 放大模組輸出電壓並 士當電流命令,但是此電流命令尚需配合均流誤差放大 器尸斤得誤差電流修正電流命令,將這兩個訊號以適當比 例調配作爲電流命令。Description of the Invention (Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 'Each module uses an average, starting γ L, based on the material flow basis, which has these advantages. Refer to' Thousands of distribution output current, ^ [ Schematic description] The picture shows the Koche Er'e __ face should be turned 丨 Qian Qianmo Ciqi ride flow [detailed description of the figure] = Figure: domain input terminal, the input is 総 or AC. ν〇 means that the output terminals of each module are connected in parallel and are DC power supply modules. buS is a current sharing line that short-circuits each module_current control. = 2, · Each module has three ships to calculate the amplification 郷The function of each part is described as follows: ⑴ The share bus is used to correct the current error. In addition to the input and output in parallel between the modules, the current sharing line needs to be shorted to indicate the average current. Module current signal and current sharing, there is a current sharing resistor Rs between the lines. When the current sharing domain network of each module, each mode peak A current is the same. This current sharing resistor has accuracy requirements If you want the current of each module to be proportionally distributed, you only need to adjust the current sharing resistance to be proportional. (2) The voltage error amplifier (err〇r amplifies the output voltage of the module and uses it as a current command, but this current command still needs to cooperate with the current sharing error amplifier to obtain the error current correction current command, and these two signals are in an appropriate proportion. Provisioned as a current command.
五、發明説明(4 ) A7 B7 . 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (3) 均流誤差放大sUs將均流線所代表平均電流之電壓與 本身電流所代表之電壓間的差値加以放大,和電壓誤差 訊號合成爲電流命令。若有中央控制單元而來的電流修 正命令也是和電壓誤差訊號、均流誤差電流修正電流命 令加以混合成爲電流命令。 (4) 電流誤差放大器Uc則將電流命令與模組電流之差放 大,送至脈波寬度調變器(pulse widthm〇dulat〇1〇pwM加 以調變,通常將補償(c〇mpensati〇n)電路加在這一 級。 (5) 脈波寬度調變器將誤差電壓轉換爲驅動率元件 之脈波。 (6) 功率級電路含驅動電路(driver)、功率氧化閘晶體^p〇wer MOSFET)、輸入輸出遽波電路等。功率級電路可使用不 同的電路架構,但需將電感電流操作於連續模式或是用 濾波電路(filter)將電感或開關之平均電流訊號取出。 (7) 電流偵測元件(current sensor)H放在電感或其他可測出功 率電流的地方。 ⑻每一模組輸出到負載的導線電阻不盡相同,我們以不同 的串聯電阻Rw來表示,通常它也是引起不均流的原因 — 〇 (9) S1爲退出並聯開關,當模組發生故障時將均流線和模組 斷開退出並聯。 ” (10) 外部電流命令Cout可接收中央控制單元訊號作進—步 修正用。 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先M'讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 訂 A7 A7V. Description of the invention (4) A7 B7. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (3) Current sharing error amplification sUs Adds the difference between the voltage represented by the average current line and the voltage represented by the current itself Amplification and voltage error signals are combined into a current command. If there is a current correction command from the central control unit, it is also mixed with the voltage error signal and current sharing error current correction current command to become the current command. (4) The current error amplifier Uc amplifies the difference between the current command and the module current, and sends it to the pulse width modulator (pulse widthm0dulat〇1〇pwM for modulation, usually compensation (c〇mpensati〇n) The circuit is added in this stage. (5) The pulse width modulator converts the error voltage into the pulse wave of the driving rate element. (6) The power stage circuit includes a driver circuit and a power oxide gate transistor (power MOSFET) , Input and output chirped circuits. Power stage circuits can use different circuit architectures, but need to operate the inductor current in continuous mode or use a filter to take out the average current signal of the inductor or switch. (7) The current sensor H is placed in the inductor or other places where the power current can be measured.的 The resistance of each module's output lead to the load is different. We use different series resistance Rw to represent it. Usually it is also the cause of uneven current flow. 〇 (9) S1 is the exit of the parallel switch. When the module fails When the current sharing line and the module are disconnected and exited in parallel. "(10) The external current command Cout can receive the signal from the central control unit for further correction. 4 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back side first) (Fill in this page). Binding A7 A7
其電路動作原理可分單機及多機加以説明: ⑴當單機難時’歡錢測猶爾轉換成的 電壓訊號與均流線間僅串聯—均流電阻,由於運算^大 器輸入阻抗(input impedence)甚高所以此均流電咖 :流流過,均流線的電壓等於模組電流所轉換成的電 壓,所以均流放大器Us輸出爲零。此狀況模組爲一標準 具有電流迴狀秘之冑鄉蝴。轉壓發生誤 差時產生-電流命令增加模組電流,使輸出電壓增高:、 直到沒有誤差電壓爲止。 (2)當多機運轉時,各觀銳轉誠的電壓訊號會經由 =流電阻RS在均麟上相域。當錢組之均流電阻相 等時,均流線之電壓恰爲各模組欲平均電流之等效電 壓故將均流線電壓及本身電流所代表的電壓放大成爲 電流修正命令,當模組電流太小時就賴提高電流命 7,經過PWM脈波寬度調變、功率級電路提高模組電 流,直到沒有誤差電流爲止,反之亦然。當每一模組電 流都與均流線所指示電流一致時,就達到 的目的了。因此'當多模組並聯時,形成三個迴路,最^ 層爲電壓迴路,其次騎流迴路,最Θ層財流迴路。 因爲模組之脈波寬度只有一個,卻要控制多個迴路,所 以與其他多迴路控制一樣,必須將各迴路設計在不同的 頻宽,來同時達到穩壓及均流的目的。 5The principle of its circuit operation can be described in terms of single machine and multiple machines: ⑴ When the single machine is difficult, the voltage signal converted by Huanqian Juer is only connected in series with the current sharing line-current sharing resistance, due to the input impedance of the computing device (input impedence) is very high, so this current sharing electric coffee: current flowing through, the voltage of the current sharing line is equal to the voltage converted by the module current, so the output of the current sharing amplifier Us is zero. This condition module is a standard xiangxiang butterfly with the secret of current return. The-current command is generated when there is an error in the turning voltage to increase the module current and increase the output voltage: until there is no error voltage. (2) When multiple machines are running, the voltage signal of each Guanrui will be in the phase domain of Junlin via the current resistance RS. When the current sharing resistance of the money group is equal, the voltage of the current sharing line is just the equivalent voltage of the average current that each module wants. Therefore, the voltage represented by the current sharing line voltage and its current is amplified into a current correction command. If it is too small, it is necessary to increase the current value of 7, and after the PWM pulse width modulation, the power stage circuit increases the module current until there is no error current, and vice versa. When the current of each module is consistent with the current indicated by the current sharing line, the purpose is achieved. Therefore, 'when multiple modules are connected in parallel, three circuits are formed, the highest layer is the voltage circuit, the second is the current flow circuit, and the most Θ layer is the current flow circuit. Because the pulse width of the module is only one, it needs to control multiple loops. Therefore, like other multi-loop control, each loop must be designed with a different bandwidth to achieve the purpose of voltage stabilization and current sharing. 5