TW311142B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
TW311142B
TW311142B TW084108515A TW84108515A TW311142B TW 311142 B TW311142 B TW 311142B TW 084108515 A TW084108515 A TW 084108515A TW 84108515 A TW84108515 A TW 84108515A TW 311142 B TW311142 B TW 311142B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
reaction zone
polymerization reaction
gas
temperature
patent application
Prior art date
Application number
TW084108515A
Other languages
English (en)
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Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corp N
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Application filed by Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corp N filed Critical Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corp N
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/34—Polymerisation in gaseous state
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1872—Details of the fluidised bed reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/58—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F10/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
    • C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
    • C08F36/06—Butadiene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/901—Monomer polymerized in vapor state in presence of transition metal containing catalyst

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Description

經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 3X1142 Λ 7 —-- Β7 五、發明説明（3 ) 概述 衣發明係關於一種新穎的氣相聚合方法。此方法能夠使 用在他種氣相聚合方法中無法使用的液相單體來進行聚合 反應。 f明背景 用以製造聚合物（特別是聚燁烴聚合物）之氣相流化床和 捷拌反應器的發明使得吾等能夠製造多種具有所欲及經改 良之性質的新顆聚合物。用以製造這些聚合物的這些氣相 方法（特別是流化床方法）使得吾等能夠於成本及所耗能量 比慣用的聚合法大幅降低的情況下產製聚合物。 在慣用的氣體流化床法中，在將聚合反應觸媒連續或間 歇地引至聚合反應區中的同時，將含有一或多種單體的氣 流通至位於聚合反應區中之含有聚合物顆粒增生床的流化 床反應器中。自聚合反應區中將所欲的聚合產物引出，脱 氣、穩定化並包裝以便運送，這些都是習知的技巧。因爲 聚合反應是放熱反應，所以，必須將在聚合反應區中形成 的熱移走，以免聚合物顆粒過熱或炫在一起。連續地自聚 合反應區中將未反應的熱氣移走並以較冷的氣體代替這些 熱氣’便能達到此目的。自聚合反應區移出的熱氣經過壓· 縮、在熱交換機中冷卻、添加額外量的單體以代替已聚合 且由反應區中被移出的單體，然後循環至反應器底部。可 以一或多個熱交換階段來達到使循環氣體冷卻的目的。壓 縮和冷卻的順序也是設計的重點之一，但通常比較傾向於 先將熱氰壓縮之後才加以冷卻。氣流進入和通過反應器的 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（公釐） (請t閱讀背V®之注意事項再填寫本頁) 袈. 、1Τ ^1142 Λ 7 Β7 五、發明説明（2 ) 速率維持在使聚合物顆粒床能維持流化狀況的丨I件下。在 攪拌床反應器中製造聚合物的方式也十分類似，主要的不 同點在於其使用機械攪拌設備束使聚合物床維持流化狀態 0 貫用的氣相流化床樹脂產製在此技藝中已爲習知，此可 參考 United States Patent No. 4,379,758 ' 4,383,095和 4,876,320，所揭示者併入本文以資參考。 於氣相攪拌反應器中產製聚合物的方法在此技藝中已爲 習知’此方法及設備可參考United States Patent N〇 3,256,263 〇 多年來，誤以爲使任何類型的液體進入氣相反應器的聚 合反應區都無可避免地會有樹脂顆粒附聚、形成塊狀聚合 扬且最後使反應器完全停頓法。此想法使得聚合物製造者 小心地使進入反應器的循環氣流的溫度不要比聚合反應所 用之任何單體的凝結溫度來得低。 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 共聚單體（如：己烯- I，4-甲基戊烯和辛晞-〇是產製乙缔 共聚物-聚合物特別有用者。這些碳數較多的心埽屬烴之 凝結溫度相當高。因爲以爲聚合反應區中的液相單體會導 致附聚、結塊且最後使反應器完全停頓，所以，就預定的 需求來嚴格限制產製速率（此速率視自聚合反應區中將熱 移出的速率而定），使的進入反應器的循環氣流溫度維持 在比循環氣流中沸點最高的單體之凝結溫度來得高的溫度 下。 . 即使岑合反應是在攪拌反應器中進行，也小心地使樹脂 -5 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4現格（210X 297公煃） 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印«. 〇11142 五、發明説明（3 ) 床溫度高於循環氣流組份的凝結溫度3 想要使听移出的熱量最大，通常不是將液體噴入或注入 或噴在或注於聚合物床上，這樣會因爲暴於較熱的循環氣 流下而立即閃蒸成氣態，利用焦耳·湯普生效應可達到有 限的額外冷卻效果，但是無法進一步地將循環氣流冷卻至 可能冷凝的程度。冷卻一部分的循環氣流以得到儲存用的 單體並將其引入或引至聚合反應床上，這樣的方法基本上 耗費人力及能量此程序之實例可參考U S. Pateni N〇 3,254,070、3,300,457、3,652,527 和 4,012,573。 後來發現：相對於一直以爲存在於循環氣流中的液體會 導致附聚及反應器停頓，事實上，將這些液體引至其溫度 與循環氣流達成平衡的反應器中，可以使整個循環氣流冷 卻至大部分草體會，凝的溫度下，且不會有所預料之可怕 的結果發生。冷卻整個循環氣流會形成溫度達到平衡的兩 相氣-液混合物，因此氣流中所含有的液體不會立刻閃蒸 成、、’气因爲進入聚合反應器的氣體和液體的總物質之溫 度比原先所預料者來得低，所以不須提高冷卻量。此方法 使知吾等能夠顯著改善在氣相中製造聚合物之產率，在所 用的共聚Iff可於相當低的溫度下冷凝時更是如此。一般 稱爲•'冷凝模式”操作的此程序詳述於u s.⑸加N〇 4,543,399和4,588,79〇,所揭示者併入本文以資參考。在冷 凝操作中，進入聚合反應區的兩相氣-液混合物被迅速地 加熱，在進到聚合反應區非常短的距離内就完全蒸發。即 使在市售的最大反應器中’所有的液體都被蒸發， 一 _ -6 - 則，(CNS) Λ4 規格 (请先閱讀背面之注意事項存填寫本頁) _ -I . 、y6 經濟'部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印袈 A 7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 合反應會釋出熱量，所以循環氣流進入聚合反應區不久之 後其溫度就會提高。因爲進入反應器的兩相氣-液流的迅 速加熱且流化床穩定地逆混合而存在於聚合物床中的液體 足位置不會超過兩相氣-液循環流之入口短距離，因此咸 信可以冷凝方式操作氣相反應器。 吾等發現：在冷凝操作中’如果存在於聚合物床上的液 態單體可以吸附在存在於床中的細粒物質（如：所製得的聚 合物或存在於床中的流化助劑）上或被存在於床中的細粒 物質所吸收，那麼就可以使液態單體分佈於整個聚合物床 上，因此存在有自甴的液態單體的位置不會比進入聚合反 應區來得南。此發現使得吾等能夠在氣相反應器中以冷凝 溫度比在於氣相反應器中製得之一般的聚烯烴之冷凝溫度 高得多的單體製造聚合物。此發明使得吾等能夠於氣相中 製造以前認爲無法以連續氣相法製得的聚合物。 發明詳述 本發明未限定於特定類型的聚合反應，特別適用於烯烴 聚合反應，包含沸點相當高的單體之均聚反應和共聚反應 0 可用以進行缔烴聚合反應的高沸點單體之實例如下： A.大分子量π -烯烴，如：1 _癸烯、1 -十二碳缔· ·等和 苯乙缔。 Β.二烯，如：己二烯、乙缔基環己烯、二環戍二埽、 丁二烯、異丁缔、異間戊二烯、亞乙基原冰片烯 ，及其類似物。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家搮隼（CNS ) Μ規格（21〇>:297公缝） (請'先閱讀背面之注意事項存填寫本頁)
Λ Β7 發明説明（ c 極性乙稀·基單體，如：丙稀腈、順-丁埽二酸酯、 乙酸乙烯酯、丙缔酸酯、異丁烯酸酯、乙烯基三 烷基矽烷及其類似物。 根據本發明，以惰性氣體作爲循環過反應器的兩相氣· 液混合物之氣相組份，可將這些高沸點單體予以均聚化。 此處所用之適當的惰性材料包括氮氣及其於聚合反應區溫 度下仍呈氣相的飽和烴。 此南沸點單體亦可與一或多種低沸點單體（如：乙埽、丙 缔和丁缔）或他種高沸點單體（如前面所提到者）共聚，唯 的條件是：南沸點單體與至少一種低沸點單體或惰性物 質之冷凝溫度差足以使足的氣體存在於循環氣流中以維持 實際、穩定、連續操作。 根據本發明，可以直接將高沸點單體引至聚合反應區中 ’或者與循環氣流一起引至聚合反應區中。 本發明之實施不限定於特定類型的觸媒。氣相聚合反應 中所用的任何觸媒都適合用來實施本發明。 實施本發明之較佳的觸媒是常用的Ziegler^atta觸媒（金 屬烷化物或無水物輿過渡金屬鹽反應而形成者使烷基 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 - ! -Ill - I I jj - I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 鋁與週期表第I至III族金屬之鹽類反應而形成者爲特別有 用者。 用以實施本發明之觸媒的例子如下： 如 U.S. Patent No. 4,376,062、4,379,758 所述之以鈦 爲基礎的觸媒。 . B.如.U.S. Patent No. 3,709,853、3,709,954和 4,077,904 本紙張尺度制巾關家標革（CNS ) Λ4規格TTl()x；i97公釐 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 第84108515號專利申請案 -- 中文説明書修正頁(86年5月） A7 « n _!Ζ_叫. 五、發明説明（6) 述之以鉻爲基礎的觸媒。 C. 以釩爲基礎_的觸媒，如：氯氧化釩、乙酿丙銅叙。 D. 如 U.S. Patent No. 4,530,914、4,665,047、4,752,597 、5,218,071、5,272,23 6 和 5,278,272 所述的二茂金屬 絡合物觸媒。 E. 金屬卣化物之陽離子形式，如：三鹵化铭。 圖式簡要説明： 圖式爲本發明之流化床反應系統。 ' 符號 意義 符號 意義 10 反應器 12 反應區 14 減速區 16 儲存槽 18 補充氣流 20 管線 21 氣體分析儀 22 循環管線 24 熱交換機 26 反應器底部 28 氣體分佈板 30 壓縮器 32 氣體偏導裝置 36 三角形角鐵 38 分佈器 40 管線 42 活化之先質組合物及/或觸媒 44 流體及產物離開 46 產物輸出槽 48 閥 50 閥 52 閥 54 產物收集槽 56 抽眞空裝置 58 氣體輸入裝置 60 卸料閥 62 收集槽 64 過濾吸收器 66 壓縮機 -9 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 訂 旅 ί I , (請t閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 B7 第84108515號專利申請案 中文説明書修正頁(86年5月） 五、發明説明（） 68 管線 附圖所示者是特別適用以根據本發明來產製聚合材料的 流化床反應系統。參考附圖，反應器1 0包含反應區12和減 速區14 3 通常，反應的高度和直徑比範圍由約2.7 : 1至約4.6 : 1。 可視所欲的產製容量而將此比例改成較大或較小。減速區 14的截面積範圍基本上是反應區12的截面積乘以約2.6至 約 2.8。 + 反應區1 2包括聚合物顆粒增生床，所形成的聚合物顆粒 藉可聚合和修飾用氣體组份而流化觸媒顆粒以補充進料及 循環氣流形式通過反應。爲了要使流化床維持其活性，通 過此床的氣體表面流速必須要超過流化所須的最小流速， 且以超過最小流速0 . 1呎/秒以上爲佳。一般而言，此氣體 表面流速不超過5.0呎/秒，通常不超過2.5呎/秒便已足夠 〇 基本上，此床常含有顆粒以免形成固定的"熱點"並使觸 媒進入、分佈及通過反應區。初時，常在引動氣流之前將 聚合物細粒基礎物引至反應器中。這樣的顆粒可以是本質 與形成的聚合物相同者，也可以是與其相異者。當與其相 I 裝 訂 旅 f: -(請洗閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -93 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 011142 -5* ' 異時，它們與第一批所欲之形成的聚合物顆粒一起引出。 所欲的聚合物顆粒流化床代替初始床。 流化床中所用之經部分或完全活化的先質組合物和/或觸 媒以先存放於儲存槽1 6中爲佳，错存槽内通以對所儲存的 材料呈惰性的氣體，如：氮氣或氬氣。 藉由使流體以高速（基本上約爲補充用流體進料速率的 5 0倍）循環並通過此床以達到流化的目的。流化床的外觀 通常是氣體通過此床的滲濾作用所形成之個別移動的顆粒 緻密物。通過此床所降低的|力等於或略大的床重除以 截面積所得的値。因此與反應器的形狀有關。 補充用氣流自點18進入此床。補充用氣流之組成由氣體 分析儀21測定。氣體分析儀測定循環氣流之組成，調整補 充用氣流的組成，使得反應區的氣體組成維持穩定狀態。 氣體分析儀是常用的氣體分析儀，它以—般的方式操作 測定循環氣流組成以助於維持進料氣流的組成比例。這樣 的設備可於市面上購得且有多種選擇性。就取樣的觀點而 言，氣體分析儀2 1基本上位於減速區丨4和熱交換機2 4之 間以接收氣體。 南沸點單體可藉多種方式被引至聚合反應區中，包括： 直接經由喷嘴（未示於附圖中）注入床中或者經由位於床上· 方的喷嘴（未7TT )喷在床面上。此將有助於藉循環氣流來避 免細粒物質滯留。如果消耗速率相當小，則可藉由使較重 的單體以懸浮於循環氣流中的方式而由反應器底部_引至聚 合反應區内σ ..十 頁 經濟部令夬標_局另工消费合作it印裝 -10
_ ir _ ir 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印^ 五'痊明説明（8 ) 爲確保達到完全流化的效果，此循環氣流及一部分的補 充用氣流經由循環管線2 2自比床低的點2 6回到反應器中 。循環點上方最好有氣體分佈板2 8以助於此床之流化。通 過此床的同時，循環氣流吸收聚合反應所釋出的熱。 未在此床中反應之一部分的流化氣流自聚合反應區中移 出，所用的方式最好是使其通過此床上方的減速區14而使 得所螯入的顆粒會掉回此床上。 此循環流體在壓縮器30中壓縮，然後通過熱交換區，循 環流體的量在此區域中被移走之後再循環回到流化床。熱 交換區基本上是直立式或水平式的熱交換機24。必要時， 可使用多個熱交換機來降低各階段之循環氣流的溫度。也 可以將壓縮機置於熱交換機下游處或者置於多個熱交換機 <* 之間。冷卻之後’循環氣流回到反應器底部2 6，並通過氣 體分佈板2 8回到流化床。在反應器入口處最好裝有氣體偏 導裝置32，以免所含有的聚合物顆粒沉積並附聚成固體並 用以避免液體積聚在反應器底部並有助於使含有液體的循 環氣流及不含有液體的循環氣流能輕易地轉換。適用於此 目的的氣體偏導裝置之實例述於U.S. Patent No. 4,933,149 ο 在穩疋狀態下’持續地將反應熱移走，使得所選用的流 化床溫度維持恆定。在床的上部沒有明顯的溫度梯度。床 底部約6至12吋之間會有溫度梯度存在，其溫度介於入口 流體溫度和床的餘溫之間。 . 氣體分佈良好在反應器的操作上扮演重要的角色。此流 (-先間讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^----- -11 - 9 五、發明説明（9 ) 一" ~ 化床含有增生及所形成的聚合物細粒及觸媒顆粒。聚合物 顆粒溫度高且仍可能具有活性時，必須避免其沉積，因爲 若有靜止不動的物質存在，所含有之具有活性的觸媒就可 ，會繼續反應而使其溶解3因此，使循環氣流以足以維持 观化情況的速率擴散通過此床就顯得相當重要。 氣體分体板28是用以使氣體有良好分佈情況的較佳裝置 ’ S可以是_板、帶槽板、多孔板、泡罩類型的板及其類 似物。此板的元件可以都是固定的，或者此板可以是如
Patene Νο· 3,298,792所述之非固定型板。無論其設計 爲何，它必須要能夠使循環氣流擴散通過此床底部，以使 此床維持流化狀態，同時也在反應器未操作時用以負載靜 止不動的樹脂床。 氣體分佈板28之較佳類型是其表面上有孔洞分侔的金屬 。其孔徑通常約〇 5吋。此孔延伸通過此板。每一孔上有 三角形的角鐵36位於板28上。此角鐵用以使氣流延著板 表面分佈，以免形成固體的滯流區域。此外，在此床沉積 的同時’以它們來避免聚合物流經孔洞。 循環氣流中亦可含有對觸媒和反應物呈惰性的流體。活 性劑化合物（若使用）最妤是由位於熱交換機2 4下游的位置 加至反應系統中，此時，活化劑可由分佈器3 8經由管線 4 0被送至循環系統中， 實施衣發明時，操作溫度範圍很寬，可由約-1〇crc至約 150°C，以約4(TC至約125°C爲佳。 - 就產製聚晞烴樹脂而言，流化床的操作壓力高至約丨〇〇〇 -12 - 表紙张㈣内家標C\S ) A4^ff5. ( ：!〇 , ：ν-.：Λίί ί 批衣------iT (計先¾讀背面之注念事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央榡羋局Μ工消費合作it印製 .V* 311142 ____ ΪΓ ' ~* — 五、發明説明（1Q ) 〜 psi，以約100 psi至約350 psi爲佳。於較高壓力下操作時 ’因爲提向壓力也會提到氣體的單位體積熱容量，所以將 有助於熱轉移。 經過部分或完全活化的先質組合物和;或觸媒（下文中併 稱爲觸媒）以相當於其消耗速率的速率於位於分佈板2 8上 方的點4 2注入床中。觸媒的注入此床的注入點以聚合物顆 粒良好混合處爲佳。觸媒由位於分伟板上方注入是相當重 要的’如此才能使流化床聚合反應器之操作令人滿意。觸 媒由比分佈板低的區域注入可引發聚合反應，最後會使分 佈板堵塞》直接注入流化床中有助於使觸媒均勻地分佈在 流化床上並能避免某處的觸媒濃度特別高（形成所謂的，，熱 點’’）。由此流化床高處注入觸媒會使得過量的觸媒進入循 環管線’因聚合反應的發生而會使管線和熱交換機爲之堵 塞。 可藉各種技巧將觸媒注入反應器中。但是，較佳的方法 是使用如U.S. Patent 3,779,712所揭示的觸媒進料設備將觸 媒連續送到反應器内。觸媒送至反應器中的進料點以與反 應器壁距20至40%直徑處爲佳，進料的高度位置以流化床 高度之約5至約3 0 %高度爲佳。最妤是使用與觸媒不具反 應性的氣體（如：氮氣或氬氣）來將觸媒帶入此床中。 在此床中的聚合物產製速率視觸媒的注入速率及循環氣 流中的單體濃度而定。簡單地調整觸媒速率便能便利地控 制產製速率。 - 改變觸媒注入速率會改變反應速率，因此也會改變流化 -13 - <*NS ) , 姜之注:¾¾.項再填寫太頁 > In i^i 0 - i 1--丄 士fL_ 經濟部中央榡牟局K工消費合作社印製 .¾濟部中央橒準局貝工消t合作.社印裂
L 五、發明説明（n ) 床產熱速率。調整循環氣流進入反應器的溫度以適應產熱 速率的變化》此確保此床的溫度維持恆定^流化床和循環 氣流冷卻系統設備之完整當然有助於偵測流化床的溫度變 化’也能使操作者或常用的自動控制系統能夠對循環氣流 之溫度作適當的調整。 如果所引入的流體中不含有可蒸發的液體，那麼，在指 定的操作條件下’使一部分的流化床以產物形式依聚合物 細粒產物的形成速率引出，而使流化床的高度維持恆定。 既然產熱速率與形成產物的速率有直接的關聯，那麼通過 反應器的流體所提高的溫度（所引入的流體溫度與所引出 的流體溫度差）可用以指示特定聚合物於固定流率下的形 成速率。 自反應器10引出細粒聚合產物時，希望而且最好是使產 物與流體分離並使流體回到循環管線2 2。此技藝中有多種 已知的方法可達到此目的。一個較佳的系統示於附圖。流 體和產物自點4 4離開反應器丨0並經由開關4 8 (此開關可以 是球閥，其設計使其在開啓時能夠儘量減低它對液流所造 成的限制）進入產物輸出槽4 6。常用閥5 0、5 2位於產物輸 出槽4 6上方及下方，閥5 2用以使產物進入產物收集槽5 * 。產物收集槽54有一個柚眞空裝置（以線56表示）及氣體 輸入裝置（以線58表示）。產物收集槽54底部也有卸科閥 6 0，它在開啓時可使產物運送至儲存處。閥5 〇開啓時， 流體會進入收集槽6 2。來自收集槽6 2的液體直接通過過 /慮[收器6 4，然後通過|縮機6 6經由管線6 8進入循環管 -14 - --------1 裝------訂 {計先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 衣紙悵尺度渑;》丨中闵阐家標蕈（r\s ) 略 I ：Μ()，；Ν7公緣} 3Ul42 -圣、發明i元明（12 ) ' 線2 2。 在基本操作上，開啓閥48但關上閥讪和”。產物和流 體進入產物輸出槽46。關上槽48，使產物沉積在產物輸 出槽46中。然後打開閥5〇，使流體由產物輸出槽46流到 收集槽6 2，由此連續地壓縮回到循環管線2 2中。然後將 閥5 0關上，打開閥5 2，產物輸出槽4 6中所有的產物流入 產物收集槽54中。然後將閥52關上。產物通以情性氣體（ 以氮氣爲佳），此惰性氣體經由管線5 8進入產物收集槽5 4 ，經由管線5 6抽出。然後，產物經由闕6〇由產物收集槽 54輸出，並經由管線2〇運送及儲存。 使用此技藝中習知、常用之可作成程式的控制器來完成 這些閥之特別的調整時間程序。此外，使氣流週期性地通 過這些閥後回到反應器，可以避免顆粒的附聚現象。 可資利用之另一個較佳的產物輸出系統如R〇bert G Aronson於1981年7月28日提出申請、目前送審中的仏呂
Patent Application Serial No. 287815(標題是"Fluidized Bed
Discharge System (流化床卸料系統））中所揭示及申請專利 範圍者。這樣的系統使用至少兩個（平行的）槽，包含串聯 經濟部中央懔隼局員工消费合作祆印災 ---I---1 ---i^衣------訂 (請乞閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 的沉積槽和轉運槽，並有分離的氣相由沉積槽頂部回到反 應器與流化床底部接近的位置上。此可供選擇之較佳的產 物輸出系統可以省卻附圖中之系統所示的再壓縮管線6 4、 6 6、6 8 0 此流化床反應器配備有足夠的抽氣系統（未示），-以便於 在此'床啓動或停頓期間内抽氣之用。此反應器不須使用攪 -15 - 各紙伕丨中闽阐家標笨;(，NS i ：|〇 13 13 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印災 311142 、皆明明 样器和^壁器。循環管線22及其中的組件(壓繪機3〇 、良交換24)項具平滑表面。且不應 ，如此才不會對循職以所含有難之流料成阻Γ 根據本發明而製得之聚合物之實例如下： 聚異間戊二缔（順-1，4-聚異間戊二缔） 聚苯乙烯 聚丁二烯 SBR(丁二缔與苯乙埽共聚物之聚合物） ABS(丙缔腈、丁二缔和苯乙烯之聚合物） 腈（丁二烯與丙烯腈共聚之聚合物） 丁基（異丁埽與異間戊二缔共聚之聚合物） EPR (乙烯與丙烯共聚之聚合物） EPDN(乙缔與丙缔和二缔（如：己二缔、二環戊二締或 亞乙基原冰片晞共聚之聚合物） 氣丁橡膠（聚氣丁二缔） 矽酮（聚二甲基矽氧烷） 乙晞和乙缔基甲氧基矽烷之共聚物 乙烯與丙缔腈、順-丁烯二酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙缔酸 酿和異丁缔酸酯之類中的一或多者之共聚物 想要使用一或多種沸點相當高、於本發明之氣相流化床 產製心較佳的溫度和壓力條件下呈液相的單體來製造聚合 物或共聚物時’必須使用在流化床聚合反應條件下仍維持 氣相的情性物質。適用於此的惰性氣體之例子如：_氣、氳 、氖' 氡疋類。也可使用飽和烴（如：乙烷、丙烷、丁烷之 -16 - (烤先哭讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝. *-° 尺度 CAS ; 經濟郎中夬樣準局員工消費合作T.t印¾ !Γ 五、泽明説明（：14 ; ^ 類）及經鹵素取代的烷類（如：氟利筇）。也可以使用在所欲 條件下維持氣相的他種材料（如··二氧化碳），只要它們基 本上呈惰性且不會影響到觸媒的效用即可。 氮氣由於其物性及成本相當低，所以是由沸點較高的置 體（如：苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、異丁 烯酸甲酯之類）來製造聚合物時較佳的媒質。在相當低的 溫度下仍呈氣相的坑類（如：乙烷和丙燒）也是不錯的選擇 0 慣用以避免反應器被弄髒及聚合物結塊的技巧可用以本 發明之實施上。這些技巧的例子有：如U.S. Patent No 4,994,534和5，200,477所述者，將細粒物質引至其中以免 結塊·’如U.S. Patent No. 4,803,25 1所述者，添加可形成負 〆 電荷的化學品以平衡正電壓或者添加可形成正電荷的化學 品以平衡負電壓。也可連續或間歇地添加抗靜電物質以免 生成靜電荷中和所生成的靜電荷。 下面的實例用以説明本發明。 實例1 本發明之方法中，如前面所述的流化床反應系統以如下 的方式操作以製造乙烯-丙烯二烯三聚物。於下列反應條 件下製造此聚合物：反應器溫度40 X：，反應壓力290 psia 。至於反應器内的單體和共聚單體分蜃（露點），乙烯是9〇 psia，丙烯是198 psia。氫的部分分壓是2 〇 psia。亞乙基 元冰片烯（ENB)單體以〇_ 53磅/小時的速率注入反應篇的聚 合反應區中。反應器體積爲5 5立方呎：反應器内的樹脂重 n - - II - 1 —^1· m 1-- -1 -.^-.士', - - - -I— - -I— - TJ 0¾ 、-° (请先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -17 - SH142 經濟部中央標隼局員工消f合作杜印策 Λ.
W 五、發明説明（15) 爲1 1 2磅。此實例所用的觸媒系統是乙醯基丙酮釩，以二 乙基氣化鋁作爲輔觸媒，三氣£酸乙酯作爲促進劑。產製 速率爲2 0磅/小時。產物的M〇oney値爲5 5。 所注入的ENB中的7 5 0/〇藉由聚合作用而混入聚合物中。 未反應的ENB溶解於聚合物中，相當於聚合物重的〇 66 % 。反應器内的樹脂重爲1 12 .時，未反應的ENB總重爲0.74 磅。如果未反應的ENB在反應器内完全蒸發。其分壓應爲 0.6764 psia ° 於40=C時，乙缔的飽和壓力爲2187.7 psia，丙締的飽和 壓力爲337.1 psia，ENB的飽和壓力爲0.262 psia。因爲反 應器的乙缔和丙缔之部分分壓比其飽和壓力小得多，因此 就沒有乙烯或丙烯冷凝出來。然而，由計算得知之反應器 内未反應的ENB之部分分壓比其飽和壓力大得多。因此， ENB仍以液相存在，且會被聚合物所吸收。 實例2 如前面所述的流化床反應系統以如下的反應條件下操作 以製造乙埽-丙缔二烯三聚物：反應器溫度4〇1，反應|力 363.4 psia。至於反應器内的單體和共聚單體分壓（露點） ，乙稀是90 psia，丙晞是1 98.2 psia。氫的部分分壓是2 2 psia ’乳的部分分歷是72.6 psia。亞乙基元冰片缔（enb) 望體以0.53磅/小時的速率注入反應器的聚合反應區中。 反應器體積馬55立方吸；反應器内的樹脂重爲112碎。此 實例所用的觸媒系統是乙酿基丙剩訊，以二乙基氣-化銘作 爲輔'觸媒’三氣乙酸乙醋作爲促進劑。產製速率爲2〇碎/ -18 - •本紙悵尺哎.4叫中淘阀家標隼i CNS ; Λ4丨义烙（2丨0, 公缞！ I 1 I1' - - 11 - *L 、1^...... . I I - . In 丁 US. 、τ (免先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ----- ir 五、發明説明（16 ) ^ 小時°產物產物的Niooney丨直爲;5 5 3 所注入的ENB中的7 5 %藉由聚合作用而混入聚合物中。 未反應的ENB溶解於聚合物中，相當於聚合物重的〇.66 % 。反應器内的樹脂重爲112磅，未反應的ENB總重爲0.74 磅3如果未反應的ENB在反應器内完全蒸發。其分壓應爲 0.6764 psia * 於4 0 °C時，乙烯的飽和壓力爲2 1 87.7 psia，丙烯的飽和 歷:力爲337.1 psia，ENB的飽和壓力爲0.262 psia。因爲反 應器的乙缔和丙晞之部分分塵比其飽和塵力小得多，因此 就沒有冷凝的乙烯或丙晞。然而，由計算得知之反應器内 未反應的ENB之部分分壓比其飽和蜃力大得多。因此， ENB仍以液相存在，且會被聚合物所吸收。 實例3-6 下列實例以列表方式説明，依照本發明之條件產製各種 聚合物。它們説明使用不同的觸媒系統和不同的循環氣體 組成來實施本發明之方式。 之注々m.r-·-!再填-S太7! • i 經濟郊中央標箪局Μ工消f合作托印製 311142 五、發明^明 17 經濟部中央螵來局Μ工消费合作ft印" 實例編號 3 4 5 6 產物： 聚丁二输 SBR ABS 聚苯乙甸 反應條件： 溫度(°c) 40 40 40 40 磬力(psi) 100 110 200 100 表面速度 1.75 2.0 1.5 1.5 (呎/秒） 產製速率 30 25 20 40 (磅/小時） 反應器總體積 55 55 55 55 (立方呎） 反應區體積 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 (立方呎） 床高(呎） 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 床直徑(呎） 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 床重(時） 112 112 112 112 循環氣體組成： ,n2 20 27.3 58.0 99.7 丁二稀· 80 72.5 39.9 - 苯乙締 - 0.2 0.15 0.3 丙烯腈 - 1.95 - 觸媒： Co(acac)3* Co(acac)3* Co(acac)3* Cp2ZrMe25i 輔觸媒： 三乙基鋁 三乙基鋁 三乙基鋁 MAO*** 重質單體進料 速率(砖/小時） 丁二烯 46.2 9.62 2.46 苯乙烯 - 20.83 15.33 44.4 丙稀腈 - 7.08 - 聚合物組成： 丁二烯 100 25 8 __ 苯乙烯 75 69 100 丙烯猜 - 23 - * 三乙醯基丙酮鈷 ** 二環戊二晞基二甲基結 *** f基鋁氧烷 -20 - :'7.;;rvf v/.--"項再.構与太頁) 裝--

Claims (1)

  1. 第S4iOS5T5¥^»·利申請案 公,中琴請專_4圍修正本(86年5月） A8 B8 C8 D8 % 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 ，.申請專赳歲圍 1. 一種用以在其所具有的聚合反應區中含有聚合物顆粒增 生床之攪拌床或氣體流化床反應槽中產製聚合物的方法 ，此方法包含： 1) 將含有一或多種單體及視情況所須而使用的含有一 或多種惰性氣體或液體的流體連續引至該聚合反應 區中； 2) 連續或間歇地將聚合反應觸媒引至該聚合反應區中 3) 連續或間歇地自該聚合反應區中將聚合產物引出； 及 4) 於使該聚合反應區内的溫度維持在比存在於該聚合 反應區中之至少一種單體之露點來得低的溫度下， 連續地自該聚合反應區中將未反應的氣體引出並奪 縮及冷卻該氣體； 但是，若該氣-液流中僅有一種單體存在，則其中亦含有 至少一種惰性氣體。 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中二或多種單體及視 情況一或多種惰性氣體或液體係連續引入聚合反應區， 且該聚合反應區内的溫度係維持在比該單體中之至少一 者之露點來得低的溫度下。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中，調整該流體進入 該聚合反應區的速率、該聚合反應觸媒引至該聚合反應 區中之速率及單體在該流體中之濃度，使得該聚合反應 區内的溫度維持在比存在於該流體中之至少一種單體之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 訂 旅 - - (請先閏讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) » _ _ A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 露點來得低的溫度下。 -請 先 閔 讀 背 ιδ 冬 ί 事 項 再一 填 J裝 頁 4. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中，調整該聚合反應 區内的溫度及氣體通過該聚合反應區的速度，使得基本 上沒有液體存在於該聚合反應區中，不會吸附在或吸收 於細粒固體物質中。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之方法，其中二或 多種單體及視情況一或多種惰性氣體係連續引入聚合反 應區，且該聚合反應區内的溫度係維持在比該單體中之 至少一者之露點來得低且比該單體中之至少一者的蒸發 溫度來得高的溫度下。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該聚合方法於惰性 細粒物質存在的情況下進行。 訂 7. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該方法於用以控制 該反應中之靜電程度的物劑或裝置存在的情況下進行》 8. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該反應器的靜電壓 基本上維持中性。 線 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 9. 根據申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之方法，其中二或 多種單體及視情況一或多種惰性氣體係連續引入聚合反 應區，且該聚合反應區之溫度係維持在比存在於該聚合 反應區中之至少一種該惰性氣體之露點來得低的溫度下 10. 根據申請專利範圍第9項之方法，其中該流體是包含惰性 氣體和一或多種液態單體的二相氣-液流體。 11. 根據申請專利範圍第ί 〇項之方法，其中該惰性氣體是氮 2- 本纸伕尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） A8 B8 C8 D8 311142 申請專利範圍 ，該液態單體是丁二晞或氯丁二烯。 12. 根據申請專利範圍第1 0項之方法，其中該惰性氣體是氮 ，該液態單體是苯乙烯。 13. 根據申請專利範圍第1 〇項之方法，其中該惰性氣體是氮 ，該液態單體是丁二烯、苯乙晞和丙烯腈之混合物。 請 •先 閔 讀 背 面 之 % 事 項 再-填 ί裝 頁 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐）
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