TW307079B - - Google Patents
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- TW307079B TW307079B TW084104592A TW84104592A TW307079B TW 307079 B TW307079 B TW 307079B TW 084104592 A TW084104592 A TW 084104592A TW 84104592 A TW84104592 A TW 84104592A TW 307079 B TW307079 B TW 307079B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013497 data interchange Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
- G06K7/10029—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot
- G06K7/10039—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot interrogator driven, i.e. synchronous
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
- H04B5/48—Transceivers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
Description
307079 第84104592¾專利申請案 中文説明書修正頁(85年8月) A7 B7
經濟部中央榡隼局男工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明() 發明領域 本發明係關於射頻(R F)標籤識別領域,更明確地説,本 發明係關於辨識與讀取來自同時傳送之多於一射頻標籤之 資訊的領域》 發明背景 射頻識別(R F ID )只是用以辨識物件之許多識別技術之 一。射頻識別系統之心臟在於一攜帶資訊的標藏。該標籤 運作以回應自基站所接收之編碼射頻信號,一般而言,標 蕺反映回到基站之入射射頻載波,當標籤依照其之程式化 資訊協定來調變反射之信號時資訊受到轉移。 標籤包含一具有射頻電路,邏輯,與記憶體之半導體晶 片,標籤也具有一天線,通常一组離散元件,電容器與二 極雅,例如’在主動式標籤之情形中一電池,一用以安裝 元件之基質,元件間之連結,與一實體封裝裝置一種標藏 ,不具有電池之被動式標蕺,該等被動式標籤自用以詢問 該標籤之射頻信號中取得他們之能量β概言之,射頻識別 標籤是藉由安裝個別組件於一電路卡來製造。 基本上,被動式射頻標蕺具有二基本部份: (1) 一類比電路,而該類比電路偵測-並解碼射頻信號五也 利用來自基站之射頻場強度來提供功率至該標籤:數位部 份,以及 (2) —建構多項標籤識別協定的數位電路。 -射頻(RF)識別系統也包含-射頻基’站與多個射頻標籤 -4 - 本紙張Μ適用中國固家標準(CNS )八4胁(2丨0Χ297公羞j ------------ (請先閏欢背面之法意事項再填寫本頁) 裝·
,1T
T 旅 五、 發明説明( A7 B7 ο 在一典型組態中’基站具有一電腦單元,而該電腦單元 發出指令至射頻傳送器並接收來自射頻接收器之指令,該 等指令可用來辨識存在於基站之射頻場以内之標籤。在一 些建構中’存在有自標籤收集資訊的指令。在更先進之系 統中’存在有輸出資訊至標籤之指令。此輸出資訊可暫時 保存於標籤,該資訊可維持到受到複寫爲止,或者該資訊 可永久維持於標籤。 基站之射頻傳送器编碼來自電腦單元之指令,調變該指 令自一基帶至射頻’放大該抬令’並傳送f該指令至射頻天 線。射頻接收器收集來自天線之返回信號,解調變該信號 自射頻至基帶,解碼該信號,並傳送該信號回到電腦單元 以供處理。基站天線傳送射頻信號至射頻信號範固以内之 一或更多標籤並且接收來自射頻信號範固以内之—或更多 標籤之射頻信號。 雖然射頻識別技術之應用不如其他識別技術,例如條碼 ’廣泛,但是射頻識別正逐漸形成某些領域之普遍技術, 車輛識別即爲一明顯範例。 多重物件可藉由使用條碼讀取器以個別檢查每一物件來 辨識。此也很容易產生錯誤--人或條碼讀取器所犯之錯誤 率非常高。 此疊代過程可藉由引進射頻識別標籤技術來簡化與解決 。射頻識別標籤可用以在一短時間,一秒之數量級,以内 辨識多重物件。 -5 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本頁)
訂 蛵濟部中央梯準局WC工消費合作社印製 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 下面是一種建構多重射頻標籤識別之方式: 1·標籤在射頻場内啓動,啓始一時鐘,並提供一種子給亂 數產生器。 2.標籤依照亂數產生器所決定之間隔來傳送一 64_位元識別 / f (以内部時鐘頻率)。 3_基站同步於來自射頻場之傳送揉籤鈞標载傳輸,如果接收成功( (無錯誤),基站使用功率中斷來傳送簡單之關閉碼至該 標籤。此方法行得通是因爲基站同步於該標蕺且利用該 標籤頻率來計時其参關閉碼。標籤使用間陈偵測電路來 " 辨識功率中斷。 - >' 4. 有二種關閉模式可供使用:⑴只要標蕺維持在射頻場以 内則阻止其説話;與⑵即使標籤離開場射頻以後(大約10 分鐘或更久)仍阻止其説話。只有在進入關閉模式⑴之後 才可使用關閉模式⑵。 5. 在此應用中,多重物件是藉由在成功讀取之後立即關閉 每一標籤來加以辨識,理想上射頻場之其他標籤將不會 同步於剛讀取之標藏的内部頻率,而且理想上當諸基站 傳送關閉信號至剛辨識之標籤時該等基站也尚未完成傳 送他們之識別。 此技術只適用於辨識標籤,亦即只有一讀取頻道。此系 統無法寫入標藏。 以前技術問題之説明 當多重射頻識別標籤同時呈現給一讀取器(基站)時,諸
JT -6 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210Χ297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -9 ....... 五、發明説明(4 A7 B7 標籤彼此衝突。最簡單之射頻識別讀取器藉由⑴辨識射頻 場内之最近標籤或⑵不辨識射頻場内之任何標籤,來回應 。另一用以辨識射頻場内之多重標籤的方法,如上所述, 是令諸標籤在他們之傳輸之間經過隨機延遲時間之後重覆 地表明身份’且然後在標籤爲讀取器成功接收f之後使該標 籤失效。 此方法必須針對射頻場之標籤的預期數目來最佳化。如 果射頻場之標蕺數目較預期數目爲少,此方法可能很慢, 因爲每一標籤讀取間之延遲時間將長於所需,如果射頻場 之標籤數目多於預期數目,此方法再一次^會很慢,因爲有 許多時間基站將面臨讀取多於一標籤。在此種情形之下, 協定必須重新啓始,在極端情形之下,基站可能無法辨識 射頻場内之任何標蕺。 請 先 閲 讀脅,: ώ 項 裝 訂 經濟部中央梯準局員工消費合作杜印褽 發明目標 本發明之一目標是—種改良式射頻標蕺識別系統。 本發明_之一目標是一種以最少量時間來辨識射頻場之任 意數目之標籤化物品的射頻識別協定。 本發明之另一目標是一種可辨識與收集來自同時傳送射 頻信號之多於一標籤之資訊的改良式射頻標籤識別系統。 發明摘要 本發明使用一種樹狀***演算法之新穎變型於射頻(RF) 標籤化技術以辨識一基站之射頻場内之許多標籤。 -7 -
五、發明説明(5 本發明使用該樹狀***演算法來辨識一射頻場之多個標 籤中之單一標籤。一旦辨識出該單一標籤,辨識之標籤是 置於Data Exchange將態,其中基站可利用辨識標蕺之資 訊來存取標籤記憶體之資料。 附圖簡短説明 圖1是一新穎射頻識別系統之方塊圖。 圖2是用於本發明之一新穎基站的方塊圏。 圖3是基站所執行之演算法的流程圖。 圖4是本發明所使用之一新穎射頻標籤結p構的方塊囷。 圖5是多個射頻標籤之每一標籤所執行之一較佳演算法的流 程圖。 囷6是展示本發明之諸特徵如何合作以致能同時對基站傳 送之多於一射頻標籤之識別與資訊存取之一範例的圖形。 發明詳細説明 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印装 圖1展示多重射頻識別系統(100)之方塊圖。基站(1〇〇) 將經由天線(1 4 0 )來傳送射頻信號(i 3 〇 )至射頻識別標籤 (120)。基站(11〇)執行一種新穎之演算法(3〇〇),而該演 算法是用以致能同時與基站(11〇)通訊之極多射頻識別標蕺 (120)的讀取。當射頻識別標籤(121_125)之每一標籤接 收一指令時’該等標籤將藉由傳送一射頻信號回到基站來 回應。該等標籤(1 21-1 25)之每一標蕺也執行一新潁標蕺 演算法( 44 0 )。 ~ 8 — 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家標準(CNS > A4规格(210Χ:297公着) 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消費合作社印裝 A7 B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 圖2展7F基站(110)之方塊圖。基站設計包含基站記憶體 ( 22 0 ),基站記憶體是用以保存可存在於射頻場之射頻識別 標籤的應用資料與識別資訊(標籤號碼)^基站記憶禮(22〇) 也儲存用以與射頻識別標籤通訊之—特殊指令結構。一較 佳實例也包含一種用於標籤群選擇之新潁指令結構。該等 群選擇結構説明於C. Cesar等人之美國專利申請,名稱爲 ”SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RADIO FREQUENCY TAG GROUP SELECT” ,於 1994年9月9曰提出,而在此附加其之全文以供參考。 基站邏輯(230)包含可控制與執行基站演算法(3〇〇)之數位 -設計。基站邏輯(230)使用基娃射頻前端裝,、置(24〇)經由基站 (110)之附設天線(140)來傳送與接收射頻信號(130)。 多重射頻識別標籤與基站(110)協定是基於一種具有新穎 元件之樹狀***協定,而該等新颖元件包含特殊指令組, 該等特殊指令之結構,與標籤狀態之輸入。 圖3顯示基站演算法(300)之流程圖,一旦基站啓動(31〇) ’射頻場(130)將具有一定之功率位準,此功率位準將決定 基站(110)可與標蕺(120)通訊之距離。可與基站(no)通 訊之該等標籤(120)稱爲在射頻場(130)内。當基站(110) 關閉時此通訊鏈結將斷絕(3 2 0 )。 若射頻信號(130)是作用的(312),基站(11〇)可發出 ( 33 0 ) —組特殊之識別指令至射頻識別標籤(120)。如果未 發出(332)或傳送(332 )識別指令且射頻信號(130)是作用 的(亦即在其功率位準,312),基站將是在其之閒置(34〇) 狀態。 •〆 -9 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉牟(CNS ) A4«L格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Λ -'\β A7 B7 五、發明説明(?) 當發出(3 3 0 )或傳送(3 3 0 )識別指令時,射頻識別標籤 (120)將傳回一回應(35 0,)信號。如果射頻識別標籤(1 2 〇 ) 未傳回回應信號(352),則基站將重傳識別指令(330)或進 入閒置(3 4 0 )狀態, ί 如果射頻識別標籤(120)回應基站(110)傳出(330)之識 別指令(3 5 0 )’則必須執行進一步之檢查。如果基站(11 〇 ) 辨識出(360)來自標蕺(回應)之信號,基站應用指令可傳 ' 送(370)至辨識之標籤(360)。可傳送零或更多個應用指令 ( 3 72 )。當再無應用指令時,此演算法結束( 3 8 0 )。 * 如果標籤(1 2 1)是回應基站飞11 〇)識別指令(3 3 0 )之惟一 標籤,則一給定標籤(121)信號獲得辨識。 另外,可有多於一標籤(120)試圖回應(350)所傳送 (3 3 0 )之基站(11 〇 )識別指令。在此種情形之下,標籤識別 (360)失敗(362)。一旦失敗(362),則藉由362與352來 重傳(330)識別指令。重覆此過程直到單一標籤回應(35〇) 爲止。 在一較佳實例中,應用指令包含讀取指令,寫入指令與 鎖定指令:讀取指令使得基站(110)可自標籤記憶體(46〇)讀 取應用資料:寫入指令使得基站(110)可窝入應用資料於標 籤記憶趙(460);而鎖定指令可阻止進—步寫入某些標籤記 憶體(460)位置。 在一較佳實例中,識別指令包括Group_select與Group-unselect指令。該等指令説明於附上以供參考之c · Cesar等 人之美國專利申請。請注意在該較佳實例中Group select與 •〆 -10 - 本紙張纽適用中國國家檁準M胁(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
JL -裝 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 一 * A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(8 ) Group unselect指令可導致下列比較:等於,不等於,小於, 與大於。另外,此較佳實例包含二種其他識別指令--失敗 (fail)指令與重傳(resend)指令。如果多於一標籤同時傳 送至基站(110)則傳出失敗指令並導致狀態計^器(432)增 1。(請參看圖3之362〉。重傳指令導致狀態計數器(432)( 圖4)減1。 圖4是射頻識別標籤(120)之一典型較佳實例的方塊圖。 每一射頻識別標籤(120)包含一標籤天線(410),而該天線 是用以接收與傳送射頻信號。標籤天線連接至標藏系統 • - (450)’而標籤系統(450)包-含標籤射頻前端裝置(420), 標籤邏輯(430) ’標籤演算法(440),與標藏記憶嫌(46〇) °標籤射頻前端裝置( 4 20 )是用以轉換射頻信號成爲啓動標 籤邏輯(430)與標籤演算法(440)之直流電壓並傳送資訊與 指令至該標籤。標籤邏輯(430)包含四主要元件:⑴亂數產 生器(431),(2)8元上下狀態計數器( 432 ),⑶指令解碼邏 輯(433) ’與⑷狀態暫存器(434)。狀態暫存器(434 )之値 顯示該標籤處於何種狀態_Ready(就緒)(5i〇), Identify(識別)(530),與 Data Exchange (資料互換)(560) 。亂數產生器是用以產生一眞正亂數,而該眞正亂數是用 以告訴射頻識別標籤(120)使上下狀態計數器(432)増1或 減1 ^指令解碼邏輯(433)解碼基站(11〇)傳來之一特殊之 指令組。標籤演算法( 440 )使用一種新奇之樹狀***技術來 成功辨識射頻場之所有標籤,即使當多於一標籤最初同時 試圖與基站通訊時。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) S-; .裝· 、1Τ 11 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 307079 A7 A7 B7 五、發明説明(9 .) 因爲假設每一標籤具有最少之智慧,其無法確認射頻場 之其他標籤的存在。除了 nr應來自基站1 〇)之査詢以外標 籤不會傳送。當受到基站(110)查詢時,亦即當傳送一或更 多指令至標籤(120)時,所有標籤有同時回應、因而干擾彼 此之傳輸。在此種情形之下,基站所接受之結果是損壞之 資料組(請參看圖3之失敗的識別匹配3 6 2 )。演算法之目標 是以一順序方式組織與排列來自諸標籤之傳輸以使基站 — (11 0 )可成功地接收資料。 請參看圖5.標錢演算法(440)包含三種狀態--⑴Ready (就 緒)狀態(5 1 0 ) ’⑵Identif icaiion (識別)狀態(5 3 0 ) ’與⑶ Data Exchange (資料互換)狀態(560)。有一些指令只有在一 特定狀態之下方可受到確認。 標籤記憶體(460)是用以儲存所有應用資料與標籤識別號 碼。 圖5是射頻識別標籤演算法( 440 )之流程圖。在一較佳實 例中,當射頻識別標籤(120)由射頻場之射頻信號(130)來 啓動時’射頻識別標籤(120)本身是處於Ready狀態(510) ° ('請注意在另一實例中可使用主動式標蕺-具有板上電池 電力之標籤。)因爲假設每一標籤具有最少量之智慧,其無 法確認射頻場之其他標籤的存在。除了回應來自基站(1 1 〇 ) 之識別指令( 3 3 0 )(查詢)以外諸標籤不會傳輸。如果射頻 識別標籤是在射頻信號(1 3 0 )場以外則射頻識別標籤將斷絕 (51 5)。例如,當基站(11 〇)停止傳送時。
Ready狀態(510)是標籤(120)之啓始狀態。在一較佳實 -12 - 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家標準(CNS > A4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印褽 A7 --_________B7_____ 五、發明説明(i〇 ) 例中’處於Ready狀態(510)之射頻識別標籤(120)將倾聽 所有識別指令與應用指令之傳輸與回應。在一較佳實例中 ’識別指令是Group select指令而應用指令是Read(讀取)指 令。在基站(110)啓動之後,基站在傳送其他指令之前等候 ( 一小段時間(1 0 0 - 3 〇 〇毫秒)以讓射頻場内之所有標籤(丨2 〇 ) 穩定於Ready狀態(11〇)。即使在此等候時間基站(11〇)仍 將恆定地傳出射頻載波。如此做是爲使標籤之射頻部份 (420)说夠維持標藏(12〇)之功率。 標籤(120)之所有邏輯電路皆是以Ready狀態(5丨〇 )來啓 --動,但是在未收到基站之指令之前標籤不,會傳送任何信號 〇 只有當處於Ready狀態(510)之標籤接收( 520 )Group„ select指令時該標蕺才會進入識別([j))狀態(5 3 〇 )。如果未 收到4曰令(520) ’該標籤將等候(522)直到接收Group select指令(5 2 0 )爲止。ID狀態(5 3 0 )是必須的,因爲基站 可能不知道射頻場之標籤(12〇)的識別資訊。 如果Read指令爲一處於Reaciy狀態之標蕺所接收,則該標 一- 籤將進入(5 1 2 ) data-exchange指令(5 )。在此種情形之下 ’該標藏將傳送確認信號至基站。在一較佳實例中,此確 認信號是8位元之資料》如果基站已具有射頻場之諸標籤的 識別的話則可如此做。 處於ID狀態(530)之下只要標籤之狀態計數器是一預定 値則該標籤將持續傳送識別資訊(例如其之標籤號碼)回到 基站(110)。在一較佳實例中,且在本文全部,該値爲零。 •〆 jf -13 - 本紙張纽逍用中B國家標率(CNS ) A4胁(21〇X297公釐) · --------裝-- -\ 1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局男工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明U ) 如果多於一標鐵正在傳送資訊至基站(110),則基站發出 一 Fail(失敗)指令(540)/ 當射頻場之標籤接收Fail指令(540)時,每一標蕺皆使 他們之狀態計數器( 432 )增1,如果: 1_狀態計數器(432)具有大於零之値,或 2.狀態計數器(432)具有等於零之値且標籤亂數(431)之値 是一給定値。在一較佳實例中該値爲零。 請注意狀態計數器( 432 )値不爲零之標籤會停止傳送。因 此,該等標籤將不會傳送任何東西直到計數器降至零爲止 ,因爲基站(110)之所有未來夹敗指令傳輪將導致他們之狀 態计數器增加(按照上述之條件1)。也請注意即使該等標籤 未在傳送他們仍處於ID狀態(530)。 但是,處於ID狀態( 53 0 )且狀態計數器(432)之値爲零 之射頻場之該等標籤(120)將繼續傳輸。在此傳輸之後,該 等標籤重定’亦即,,擲”,他們之亂數値(431)。如果有多 於一之該等標籤(120)正在傳送,基站(11〇)將再度傳出
Fail指令( 540 )。在此時,重新應用用以增加標藏狀態計 數器(432 )之條件。 重覆此過程( 542)直到只留下一標錢之狀態計數器U32. 具有零値爲止。當此種㈣出現時,有—非失敗條件(544: 且基站將接收該誠之識別資訊(標_碼)。然後基站將 發出-應用指令(55G),(在此較佳實例中該指令爲bd指 令),來存取(讀取)惟-正在傳送之標籤之記憶趙(46〇)的 適當資料。在-較㈣財,該㈣Dead指令(55〇)所 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 訂
經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(l2 ) 指定之標籤記憶體位置(460)之8位元組資料。 在讀取( 5 5 0 )該惟一標锻'之資料之後,標籤邏輯( 4 3 0 )導 致該標籤進入Data_Exchange狀態(560)。換句話説,該標籤 離開ID狀態(530),且停止傳送其基識q資訊。在 Data_Exchange狀態之下,基站知道標籤之身份,例如,基站 (110)可發出(570)任何應用指令直接至辨識之標籤。在一 較佳實例中,該等應用指令是Read(讀取)指令,Write( - 寫入)指令,與Lock(鎖定)指令。 在另一實例中,基站可發出Group_unselect (580)指令來使 • 一些標蕺脱離ID狀態(530)。_在此種情形 >'之下,未受到選 擇之標籤會回到Ready狀態(510)。 基站已成功地辨識所有處於Data_Exchange狀態之標籤。在 此狀態之標籤只回應某些指令。基於自基站傳來之指令可 以讀取,寫入或鎖定(570)於一特定標籤。在標籤脱離射頻 場之後之一段預定時間以内標籤仍會維持在Data_exchange狀 態。在此種情形之下,該標籤進入Ready狀態且只可由基站 所啓動之射頻信號來再度致能。 在發出Read指令(550)之後,緊接於一非失敗條件(544) 之後,基站(110)發出Resend(重傳)指令(540)。 Resend指令導致所有標籤使得他們之計數器減1 ^因此, 處於ID狀態( 530)且計數器之値爲1的標籤將具有零値且將 開始傳送他們之識別資訊回到基站(110)。如果有多於一標 籤回應,則重覆如上所述使用F a i 1指令之識別過程。如果 在發出Re send指令(540)之後沒有標籤回應,則傳送一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝·
.•IT A7 B7 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(l3 ) 或更多Resend指令至射頻場之標籤以設法降低一些標籤之 狀態計數器爲零。 , 如果在發出一或更多Resend指令之後仍然沒有來自射頻 場之任何標籤的回應,則傳送Group_select指令(590)以重 置所有標籤(1 2 0 )之狀態計數器(4 3 2 )爲零(啓始狀態)。 此Group_Select指令(5 9 0 )可使更多標籤自Ready狀態(510) 進入ID狀態(530),尤其如果該等標籤剛進入射頻場。 Group_select (590)指令不會影響處於 Data_exchange 狀態(5 6 0 ) 之標籤。 在一較佳實例中,標籤狀·態計數器(4> 3 2 )只有當基站 O10)傳送Fail指令時才會増加。同樣地,標籤狀態計數 器(43^)只有當基站(11〇)傳送Resend指令時才會減少。 藉由計算傳送之Fail指令與Resend指令之數目,當Fail 指令與Res end指令之數目相等時基站(11〇)可判定射頻場 之所有_皆已受到辨識。 圖6展示多項射頻識別協定之一範例。此演算法使用標籤 之二件硬禮;一 8位元狀態計數器( 432,S)亂數(1位元-- 1或、〇)產生器(431,R),與—指令解碼邏輯(433,6〇5) 〇 一開始,一群標籤(1至4)移入11}狀態且他們之狀態計數 器(s)設爲〇。去選擇該群標籤之子集回到Ready狀態。在 識別過程開始之前選擇其他副群。只有最後選擇之標藏示 於圖6。 在選擇之後,執行下列方法(參看圖3與5): -16 - 本紙張尺度遇用T囤圖豕稞2m’NS ) A4規格(210X2^J" (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) f 裝. 訂 經濟部中央掭準局貝工消費合作社印裝 A7 B7 五、發明説明(I4 ) 1. 處於ID狀態且計數器(432)爲〇之標籤(1至4)傳送他們 之ID。最初所有選擇,之標籤在他們之狀態計數器(s, 43 2 )具有零値。 2. 因爲多於一標籤傳送,基站(11〇)接收一錯誤。傳送 FAIL(610,540)指令。FAIL(610)導致具有非零計數 値之所有標籤增加他們之計數器(432)。換句話説,他 們變得更無法傳送。 FAIL(610)也導致具有0計數値之所有標藏(剛傳送之那 些標籤)產生亂數(431)。擲出0之標籤增加他們之計數器 —JL不傳送。擲出1之標籤維持计數器於0且冉試一次。 在此種情形之下,標籤2與標籤4將重傳。但是標蕺1與標 籤2將不傳送。 3 -執行第二標籤傳輸。因爲標籤2與標籤4同時傳送,基站 (11·0 )將收到碰撞信號。因此基站(11 0 )將再度發出 FAIL(610)指令至諸標籤。 4 -由於接收Fail(610)指令,標籤1與標籤3之計數將增1 而變爲2。由於亂數擲出0且接收Fail指令(610),標籤 2與標籤4(狀態計數器之値爲0)之計數也増1而變爲1。 5-現在由於標蕺1-4之狀態計數器値皆不爲零,沒有射頻 信號將傳回至基站。因此當符合逾時情況,RESEND ( 620, 540 )指令將傳至諸標籤。此導致所有標籤有之狀態計數器 減1。 6 -現在標籤2與標籤4之狀態計數器(432)値是零且他們再 度重傳。但是標蕺1與標籤3不傳送,因爲他們之狀態計 —17 - 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2丨OX297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、τ Γ A7 ______B7_ 五、發明説明(1δ ) 數器値不爲零。 因爲標籤2與標籤4同時傳送,基站(110)將接收碰撞信 號,因此基站(110)將發出第三FAIU610)指令至諸標 籤。
I 8 -標籤1與標籤3之計數器(432)値將增1而變爲値2。但是 因爲標籤2具有擲(R)爲1之亂數(431)且先前之狀態計 數器(432)値爲零且其重傳。就標藏4而言,其之狀態計 * 數器(432)値已由於擲出亂數(431)0而增1丑不傳送。 9 -因爲基站(110)接收單一標籤2識別,一成功傳輸(非失 • 敗—5 4 4 )出現。基站(11 0 )傳送具有‘、標籤2之識別的 READ(630, 550)指令。如果正確接收reAD(550, 63 0 )指令,該標籤移入DATA_EXCHANGE狀態( 560 )並傳送 其之資料(8位元組)。
10 -在傳送READ (630,550)指令之後立刻傳送第二RESEND (620,540)指令。標籤1,3,與4在他們接收RESEND (6 20: 54 0 )指令之後將使他們之狀態計數器(432)減1 。標籤1與3之狀態計數器(C)値將爲1而標籤4之狀態計 數器(C)値將爲〇。只有標籤4傳送。 11-因爲基站(110)接收單一標籤4識別,一成功傳輸(非失敗 -544)出現。該基站傳送具有標籤4識別的第二read (630, 550 )指令。如果正確接收READ指令,標籤4移入Data_ exchange狀態( 5 6 0 )並傳送其之資料(8位元組)。 12 -在傳送READ (630)指令之後立刻再度傳送第三resend (620,540)指令。標籤1與3在他們接收RESEND ( 6 2 0 )指 -18 - 本紙張从適用中國國家揉準(CNS )八4胁(210X297公釐) ----- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) τ 裝· 訂 經濟部中央梯準局負工消费合作社印簟 *· 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消费合作社印製 A7 ____· B7 ΤΓ " ' - 及、發明説明(16 ) 令之後將使他們之計數器減1。標籤丨與3之狀態計數器 値將爲0。所以標籤1與3皆將傳送。 13- 由於基站(110)偵出碰撞信號,第四FAIL (6丨〇〉指令將 發出至標籤1與3。由於標籤1之亂數擲出(R)0,標籤i 之計數器値將増至1。由於亂數掷出(r)1,標籤3將具有 相同之零狀態計數器値。因此,只有標籤3將傳送。 14- 因爲表站接收單一標籤3ID,一成功傳輸出現。該基站 傳送具有該識別的第三READ (630)指令。如果正確接收 READ指令,標籤3移入DATA_EXCHANGE狀態並傳送其之資料 〇 ' 巧-在傳送READ ( 6 3 0 )指令之後立刻傳送第四RESEND ( 6 2 0, 54 0 )指令。標籤1在接數RESEND( 62 0, 54 0 )指令之後將 使其之狀態計數器(S)減1而變爲零《標籤1將傳送。 16~再一次因爲基站接收單一標籤1 ID,一成功傳輸出現。 該基站傳送具有標籤1識別的第四REAIK 630 )指令。如果 正確接收READ指令,標籤1移入DATA_EXCHANGE狀態並傳送 其之資料。 17-'最後’射頻場之所有標籤(1至4)受到辨識且準備就緒可 進行基站要其執行之任何應用》此可獲得確認,因爲基 站所傳送之Resend與Fail指令之數目相等(等於4)。 給予本發明,熟悉本技術領域者可開發出在發明者構思 範圍以内之其他等效實例。 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
Claims (1)
- 3G7G79第841045M號專利中請案 邰 土大申請專利範团修正本(85年8月、g| 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種用以與一基站通訊之射頻標籤,該種標籤包含: (1) 用以傳送射頻信號至基站並接收來自基站之射頻信號 的一天線與標藏射頻電路; (2) —用以儲存標籤資料之標籤記憶體; ⑶一連接至標藏射頻電路與標籤記德饉之標籤邏輯電路 ’標籤邏輯電路具有一標籤狀態暫存器,標籤狀態暫 存器顯示該標籤是在一種狀態,該種狀態是READY(就 緒),ID(識別),與Data Exchange(資料互換)狀態 之一,標籤邏輯進一步包含一狀態計數器與一釓數產 生器;及 (4) 一標籤識別装置,當標籤啓動時藉由設定狀態暫存器 爲READY來使該標籤處於READY狀態,而且當基站傳送 識別指令至標藏時藉由設定狀態暫存器爲ID來使該標 蕺處於ID狀態。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之一標籤,其中識別指令是 Group_select指令且當標籤處於id狀態時該標籤傳送 指令應回到基站》 3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之一標籤,其中指令回應是標蕺識 別資訊。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之一標籤,箕中標籤接收來自基站 之Fail(失敗)指令而該Fail指令導致標籤識別裝置增加 狀態計數器之狀態計數器値,如果: ⑴狀態計數器具有不等於預定値之値,或 ⑵狀態計數器具有等於預定値之値且亂數產生器具有給 -% - 本紙張尺度逡用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) —1 I n n 3 - : I n -·"-,Λ— I *. 1 - (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央梂準扃負工消费合作社印装 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A8 B8 C8 D8 '申請專利範圍 定値, 因此當狀態計數器値不等於預定値時標籤停止傳送標籤 識別資訊且標籤識別裝置導致亂數產生器產生一新的亂 數。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之一標籤,其中標籤接收來自基站 之Resend(重傳)指令而該Resend指令導致標籤識別裝 置減少狀態計數器値。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之一標蕺,其中當狀態計數器値等 於預定値時標籤開始傳送標籤識別資訊。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項之一標籤,其中基站傳READ(讀取) 指令至標藏且標籤識別裝置使橾籤處於Data_Exchange狀態 ’因而基站可藉由利用傳送至基站之識別资訊來辨識標 籤以傳送一或更多應用指令至標藏。 8. 如申請專利範圍第5項之一標籤,其中指令導致標籤 識別裝置減少狀態計數器値且R e s e n d指令導致標藏識別 裝置增加狀態計數器値。 9. 如申請專利範圍第5項之一標籤,其中預定値是零且給定 値是零》 10. 如申請專利範圍第5項之一標籤,其中對於每一傳送之 Fa i 1指令,標籤識別裝置使狀態計-數器增丨而對於每一傳 送之Resend指令,標籤識別裝置使狀態計數器減工,因 此當Fail與Resend指令之數目相等時,基站已讀取標籤 射頻場之每一標籤的識別資訊。 11. 如申請專利範圍第5項之-標蕺’其中當標籤接收來自基 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) T 訂 307079 ?! DS 經濟部中央梂準局男工消费合作社印装 六、申請專利範圍 站之Group_select指令時,標籤識別裝置重置狀態計 數器之値成爲預定値。 12·如申請專利範国第1項之一標蕺,其中當襟籤接收來自基 站之Group_unseiect指令時,標籤識別裝置藉由重置狀態 暫存器爲READY來使標蕺處於READY狀態。 13. 如申請專利範園第1項之一標籤,其中當標籤接收來自基 站之READ指令時,藉由設定狀態暫存器成爲Data_Exchange 來使標籤處於Data_Exchange狀態,因而該標籤傳回一確認 〇 14. 一種用以讀取來自多個射頻標籤之資訊的系統,而該等 標籤處於一基站所傳送之射頻信號場以内,該系統包含 ⑴一標籤,該標籤進一步包含; ⑻用以傳送射頻信號至基站並接收來自基站之射頻信 號的一天線與標籤射頻電路; (b) —用以儲存標籤資料之標籤記憶體; ⑹一連接至標籤射頻電路與標籤記憶體之標籤邏輯電 路,標籤邏輯電路具有一標籤狀態暫存器,標籤狀 態暫存器顯示該標籤是在一種狀態,該種狀態是 READY,ID,與Data Exchange狀態之一,標籤邏 輯進一步包含一狀態計數器與一亂數產生器;及 (d)—標籤識別裝置; (2)—能夠傳送資訊指令至標籤之射頻場的基站,該等资 訊指令包含 Group_select, Group_unselect, (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 紙張足度逍用中國國家標率(CNS ) Α4Λ格(210X297公釐) 88se ABCS 經濟部中央梂準局貝工消費合作社印製 、申請專利範国 Fail,與Resend指令, ⑻Group_select指令藉由導致每一選择之標蕺識別 裝置設定其之個別狀態暫存器成爲ID並重置其之個 別狀態計數器成爲預定値來導致標籤識別裝置使得 一或更多選擇之標籤處於ID狀態; (b)Group_unselect指令導致標籤識別裝置使得處於 ID狀態之一或更多未選擇之標籤進入READY狀態; ⑹因爲當多於一標籤同時傳送揉籤識別資訊至基站時 該基站會產生Fail指令,該Fail指令導致每一被選 擇之標籤的標籤識別裝置增加其之個別狀態計數器 ,如果: 1) 狀態計數器具有不等於預定値之値,或 2) 狀態計數器具有等於預定値之値且亂數產生器具有 給定値, (d)因爲當射頻場之一標籤傳回標籤識別資訊至基站以 回應READ指令時該基站傳送Resend指令,Resend 指令導致射頻場之所有標蕺之狀態計數器減少, 因而基站可辨識標籤之射頻場的一個別標籤,且導玫辨 識之標籤進入Data_Exchange狀態,其中基站可存取標 蕺記憶體之資訊。 15· —種用以讀取多個標籤之射頻場之射頻識別襟藏的方法 ,該方法包含下列步驟: ⑻自基站傳送group — selec指令以使射頻場之—或更多 選擇之標籤處於ID狀態; -4 - 本纸張尺度逋用中國國家橾率(CNS > A4规格(210X297公釐) I I - 1 11 -I 1-- -I - ...... -=^.:^— 1 I (請先聞讀背面之注項再壤寫本X ) 訂 Λ8 B8 C8 m κ、申請專利範圍 (b)自所有選擇之標籤傳送識別資訊至基站; ⑹如果多於一標籤同時傳送熾別資訊則自基站傳送fail 指令; (d)增加一或更多選擇之標籤之狀態計數器的狀態計數器 値,如果; 1) 狀態計數器具有不等於預定値之値,或 2) 狀態計數器具有等於預定値之値且亂數產生器具有 給定値,當狀態計數器不等於預定値時標籤停止傳 送標籤識別資訊且標籤演算法導致亂數產生一新亂 數値; ⑹下一次自所有之選擇之標箴傳送識別資訊至基站,而 該等選擇之襟籤具有等於預定値之狀態計數器値; (f)重覆步驟(c)-⑹直到只有一標藏傳送識別資訊至基站爲 止; ⑻利用該惟一標籤之識別資訊來發出READ指令至該惟一 標藏;及 (h)使得該惟一標籤處於Data_exchange狀態,其中基站 可利用應用指令來存取該唯一標籤記憶體之資料。 ---------^-- ·* (請先《讀背面之注f項再填寫本I) .訂 經濟部中央梯準局Λ工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家橾率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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US5434572A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1995-07-18 | Ramtron International Corporation | System and method for initiating communications between a controller and a selected subset of multiple transponders in a common RF field |
US5489908A (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-06 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Apparatus and method for identifying multiple transponders |
-
1994
- 1994-09-12 US US08/304,340 patent/US5550547A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-09 TW TW084104592A patent/TW307079B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-11 EP EP95112673A patent/EP0702324A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-16 JP JP7208796A patent/JP3017995B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-07 KR KR1019950029381A patent/KR100210830B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR960012770A (ko) | 1996-04-20 |
JP3017995B2 (ja) | 2000-03-13 |
KR100210830B1 (ko) | 1999-07-15 |
US5550547A (en) | 1996-08-27 |
EP0702324A2 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
EP0702324A3 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
JPH0894746A (ja) | 1996-04-12 |
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