TW202419722A - Wood structure endurance wall, construction method of wood structure endurance wall, wall ratio enlargement method of wood structure endurance wall, and gypsum-based endurance surface material - Google Patents
Wood structure endurance wall, construction method of wood structure endurance wall, wall ratio enlargement method of wood structure endurance wall, and gypsum-based endurance surface material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在無需附加安裝加強材或加固材，也無需增大石膏系面材之比重及/或板厚的條件下，可提高木結構耐力牆之牆倍率。用於木結構耐力牆的石膏系耐力面材10由主材或芯材以及覆蓋主材或芯材的至少表背面的紙部件構成，且該主材或芯材由混合有無機纖維及有機系強度強化材的板狀石膏硬化體形成，可發揮500N以上的釘側面抵抗。該耐力面材具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2之範圍內的面密度以及6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度，在耐力牆的面內剪切試驗中，發揮出大於20×10 -3rad的極限變位(δu)以及2.0kN/10 -3rad以上的初期剛性(K)，不僅是極限變位的增大，透過降伏點變位(δv)的降低，也能提高塑性率(μ)，從而可有效果或有效率地提高木結構耐力牆之牆倍率及短期基準剪切耐力(P0)。 The wall ratio of the wood structure resistance wall can be increased without the need to install additional reinforcement or reinforcing materials, and without increasing the specific gravity and/or thickness of the gypsum surface material. The gypsum surface material 10 used for the wood structure resistance wall is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, and the main material or the core material is formed by a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcing materials, and can exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N. The resistance surface material has a surface density in the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/m 2 and a compressive strength of more than 6.5 N/mm 2. In the in-plane shear test of the resistance wall, it exhibits an ultimate displacement (δu) greater than 20×10 -3 rad and an initial stiffness (K) of more than 2.0 kN/10 -3 rad. Not only the ultimate displacement increases, but also the plasticity rate (μ) is increased by reducing the yield point displacement (δv), thereby effectively or efficiently improving the wall ratio and short-term benchmark shear resistance (P0) of the wood structure resistance wall.
Description
本發明係關於木結構耐力牆、木結構耐力牆的施工方法、木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大方法及石膏系耐力面材。更詳細而言，關於使用釘(釘子)側面抵抗增大且面密度降低的較低密度的石膏系耐力面材，且無需附加安裝金屬板等加強材或加固材，也能夠有效減輕打釘部分的破損或斷裂等作用的木結構耐力牆、木結構耐力牆的施工方法、木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大方法、及用於木結構耐力牆的石膏系耐力面材。The present invention relates to a wood structure resistance wall, a construction method of a wood structure resistance wall, a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure resistance wall, and a gypsum resistance surface material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a wood structure resistance wall, a construction method of a wood structure resistance wall, a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure resistance wall, and a gypsum resistance surface material for a wood structure resistance wall. More specifically, the present invention relates to a wood structure resistance wall, a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure resistance wall, and a gypsum resistance surface material for a wood structure resistance wall, which uses a lower density gypsum resistance surface material with increased side resistance of nails and reduced surface density, and which does not require additional reinforcement materials or reinforcing materials such as metal plates to be installed, and can effectively reduce the damage or breakage of the nailing part, etc.
一般而言，木結構建築物的施工方法大體上可分為木造軸架工法(wooden framework construction method)及木造框架壁工法(wooden framework wall construction method)。因近年來大規模地震等的影響，關於木結構建築物的抗震性等的研究在我國(日本國)尤為受到注目。如專利文獻1(國際公開公報WO2019/203148A1)中所述，在我國(日本國)的建築設計實務中，作為評價抵抗短期水平負荷(地震力､風壓等)的木結構建築物強度的指標，一般使用結構耐力(structural resistance)方面有效的耐力牆的軸架長度(建築平面圖中牆壁的長度)。計算軸架長度時，使用與耐力牆的結構相應的牆倍率。牆倍率係耐力牆的抗震性能或強度性能之指標，其數值越大，抗震強度也越大。牆倍率數值較大的牆結構有利於提高建築物整體之設計自由度及抗震性。In general, the construction methods of wooden structures can be roughly divided into wooden frame construction method and wooden framework wall construction method. Due to the influence of large-scale earthquakes in recent years, research on the seismic resistance of wooden structures has received particular attention in our country (Japan). As described in Patent Document 1 (International Publication No. WO2019/203148A1), in the architectural design practice in our country (Japan), as an indicator for evaluating the strength of wooden structures to resist short-term horizontal loads (earthquake force, wind pressure, etc.), the frame length (the length of the wall in the building plan) of the resistance wall that is effective in terms of structural resistance is generally used. When calculating the frame length, the wall multiplier corresponding to the structure of the resistance wall is used. The wall ratio is an indicator of the seismic performance or strength of the endurance wall. The larger the value, the greater the seismic strength. A wall structure with a larger wall ratio value is beneficial to improving the overall design freedom and seismic resistance of the building.
多年以來在我國(日本國)使用的通用的木結構耐力牆的牆倍率，其依據建築基準法實行令第46條､建設省公告第1100號(昭和56年6月1日)以及國土交通省公告第1541號(平成13年10月15日)的規定。另一方面，關於不屬於該通用的牆結構的近年多見的耐力牆，則需要根據同條第4項表1(八)規定之國土交通大臣的認定，規定牆倍率。因此，近年施工的較多的木結構耐力牆的牆倍率，需要根據指定的性能評價機關實施的性能試驗設定牆倍率，而該性能試驗的試驗方法等被詳細記載於各試驗･檢查機關公佈的“木造耐力牆及其倍率性能試驗･評價業務方法書”等中。The wall ratio of the general-purpose wood-structured resistance wall used in our country (Japan) for many years is stipulated in Article 46 of the Building Standards Act Enforcement Order, Ministry of Construction Announcement No. 1100 (June 1, 1945), and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Announcement No. 1541 (October 15, 1993). On the other hand, for resistance walls that are not general-purpose wall structures and have become more common in recent years, the wall ratio is required to be stipulated based on the approval of the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as stipulated in Table 1 (VIII) of Paragraph 4 of the same article. Therefore, the wall ratio of wooden endurance walls constructed in recent years needs to be set based on the performance test conducted by a designated performance evaluation agency. The test methods of this performance test are detailed in the "Wooden Endurance Wall and Its Ratio Performance Test and Evaluation Business Method Book" published by each testing and inspection agency.
專利文獻1中，作為增大耐力牆的極限變位等而提高牆倍率的對策，記載了將金屬板等的加強材或加固材設置在打釘部分，來防止打釘部分的破損或斷裂等的面材加強方法。根據這種使用加強材或加固材的木結構耐力牆，被認為無需依賴面材可承受的最大負荷的增大等，透過提高耐力面材的韌性及變形追隨性，極限變位等增大，可以構築可發揮較高的牆倍率的木結構耐力牆。然而，根據這種使用加強材或加固來增大極限變位等的結構的耐力牆結構，必須在面材製造程序中追加用於將加強材或加固材附加安裝在耐力面材的表面的工序，或者在木結構耐力牆的施工時附加實施該程序。這種程序可能導致石膏系表面材的製造程序的復雜化，或者建築工程的作業性的惡化。Patent Document 1 describes a method of reinforcing the surface material by placing a reinforcing material or reinforcement material such as a metal plate at the nailing portion as a measure to increase the wall ratio by increasing the limit displacement of the bearing wall. It is believed that a wood structure bearing wall that can exert a higher wall ratio can be constructed by increasing the limit displacement, etc., without relying on increasing the maximum load that the surface material can bear, etc., by improving the toughness and deformation tracking properties of the bearing surface material. However, according to the bearing wall structure that uses such reinforcement or reinforcement to increase the limit displacement, it is necessary to add a process for additionally installing the reinforcement or reinforcement on the surface of the bearing surface material in the surface material manufacturing process, or to additionally implement this process during the construction of the wood structure bearing wall. This process may lead to the complication of the manufacturing process of the gypsum surface material or the deterioration of the workability of the construction project.
另一方面，作為適合用為木結構耐力牆的耐力面材的石膏系面材，已知有“結構用石膏板”。“結構用石膏板”是基於專利5642948號刊登公報(專利文獻2)中記載的本申請人的技術，對“強化石膏板”的釘側面抵抗(阻力)加以強化的石膏系面材。釘側面抵抗是依據JIS A 6901中規定的釘側面抵抗試驗測量的面材的打釘部分的剪切耐力或剪切耐力。關於釘側面抵抗，本申請人的提出申請的專利7012405號刊登公報(專利文獻3)中有詳細記載，在此省略進一步詳述，而釘側面抵抗是本申請人在專利文獻2中作為石膏系耐力面材的耐力判定要素提倡的物性，是本申請人近年來尤為關註的耐力要素之一。On the other hand, as a gypsum surface material suitable for use as a resistance surface material for a wood structure resistance wall, "structural gypsum board" is known. "Structural gypsum board" is a gypsum surface material with enhanced nail side resistance (resistance) of "reinforced gypsum board" based on the applicant's technology described in the publication of Patent No. 5642948 (Patent Document 2). Nail side resistance is the shear resistance or shear resistance of the nailed part of the surface material measured according to the nail side resistance test specified in JIS A 6901. Regarding the nail side resistance, it is described in detail in the publication gazette of the patent No. 7012405 applied by the present applicant (Patent Document 3), and further details are omitted here. The nail side resistance is a physical property advocated by the present applicant in Patent Document 2 as a factor for determining the resistance of gypsum-based resistance surface materials, and is one of the resistance factors that the present applicant has paid particular attention to in recent years.
結構用石膏板(GB-St)相較於(普通)石膏板(GB-R)而言，作為耐力面材的耐力整體上有提高，並且，相較於比強化石膏板(GB-F)而言，是釘側面抵抗提高的石膏系面材。結構用石膏板，根據目前的JIS A 6901的規定為具有750N以上(A種)或500N以上(B種)的釘側面抵抗的石膏系面材。使用結構用石膏板作為耐力面材的木結構耐力牆，與使用(普通)石膏板或強化石膏板作為耐力面材的木結構耐力牆相比，可發揮較高的牆倍率。另一方面，結構用石膏板與強化石膏板同樣，需要12.5mm以上的厚度及0.75以上的比重。因此，固定有結構用石膏板的木結構耐力牆需要至少約9.4kg/m 2的面密度或面重量(牆面單位面積的耐力面材的質量(以下稱之為“面密度”。))。 Compared to (ordinary) gypsum board (GB-R), structural gypsum board (GB-St) has improved overall resistance as a resistance surface material, and is a gypsum-based surface material with improved nail side resistance compared to reinforced gypsum board (GB-F). According to the current JIS A 6901, structural gypsum board is a gypsum-based surface material with a nail side resistance of 750N or more (Type A) or 500N or more (Type B). A wood-structure resistance wall using structural gypsum board as a resistance surface material can achieve a higher wall ratio than a wood-structure resistance wall using (ordinary) gypsum board or reinforced gypsum board as a resistance surface material. On the other hand, structural gypsum board, like reinforced gypsum board, requires a thickness of 12.5mm or more and a specific gravity of 0.75 or more. Therefore, a wood structure resistance wall with structural gypsum board fixed to it needs to have a surface density or surface weight (the mass of the resistance surface material per unit area of the wall surface (hereinafter referred to as "surface density") of at least about 9.4 kg/m2.
專利文獻3(專利第7012405號刊登公報)中記載了一種可賦予耐力牆等同於結構用石膏板的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)，但相較於結構用石膏板面密度降低的石膏系耐力面材。專利文獻3中記載的石膏系面材由主材或芯材及覆蓋主材或芯材的至少表背面的紙部件構成，且具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度，該主材或芯材由混合有無機纖維及有機系強度強化材的板狀石膏硬化體形成，可發揮500N以上的釘側面抵抗。專利文獻3的石膏系面材即使其板厚未滿12mm，也能夠使耐力牆具有較高的牆倍率。相較於結構用石膏板等歷來的石膏系耐力面材而言，該石膏系面材的意圖在於透過降低面密度實現面材料的輕量化，並利用較高的釘側面抵抗抑制降伏強度下降而開發的耐力面材(以下稱之為“低密度石膏系耐力面材”)。根據該低密度石膏系耐力面材，透過變更耐力牆的極限變位以使耐力牆塑性率增大，從而能夠使耐力牆的牆倍率增大，從兼顧到作為木結構耐力牆的理想的耐力與輕量性及施工性等的觀點而言，可提供實用上極為有利的石膏系耐力面材。 Patent document 3 (Patent publication No. 7012405) describes a gypsum-based endurance surface material that can give a resistance wall a short-term baseline shear resistance (P0) equivalent to that of a structural gypsum board, but has a lower surface density than that of a structural gypsum board. The gypsum-based surface material described in Patent document 3 is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back surfaces of the main material or the core material, and has a surface density in the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 . The main material or the core material is formed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcing materials, and can exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N. The gypsum-based surface material of Patent document 3 can make the resistance wall have a higher wall ratio even if its board thickness is less than 12mm. Compared with the conventional gypsum-based endurance surface materials such as structural gypsum boards, this gypsum-based endurance surface material is intended to achieve lightweight surface materials by reducing surface density, and is developed to suppress the decrease in yield strength by utilizing higher nail side resistance (hereinafter referred to as "low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material"). According to this low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material, by changing the limit displacement of the endurance wall to increase the plasticity rate of the endurance wall, the wall multiplier of the endurance wall can be increased, and from the perspective of taking into account the ideal endurance and lightness as a wood structure endurance wall and construction performance, a gypsum-based endurance surface material that is extremely advantageous in practical use can be provided.
在本說明書中，術語“石膏系耐力面材”，並非僅限於JIS A 6901(石膏板產品)中規定的(普通)石膏板､強化石膏板及結構用石膏板，還包括該低密度石膏系耐力面材(專利文獻3)､專利第6412431號的公開公報(專利文獻4)中記载的石膏系耐力面材等，在以石膏作為主材的石膏芯部分(芯材部分)的外面或外層上覆蓋石膏板用原紙等紙部件而成的石膏系面材。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻] In this specification, the term "gypsum-based endurance surface material" is not limited to (ordinary) gypsum board, reinforced gypsum board and structural gypsum board specified in JIS A 6901 (gypsum board products), but also includes the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material (Patent Document 3) and the gypsum-based endurance surface material described in the public announcement of Patent No. 6412431 (Patent Document 4), etc., and the gypsum-based surface material formed by covering the outer surface or outer layer of the gypsum core part (core material part) with a gypsum board base paper or other paper components. [Prior technical literature] [Patent literature]
專利文獻1：國際公開公報WO2019/203148A1 專利文獻2：日本專利5642948號刊登公報 專利文獻3：日本專利7012405號刊登公報 專利文獻4：日本專利6412431號刊登公報 [非專利文獻] Patent document 1: International Publication WO2019/203148A1 Patent document 2: Japanese Patent No. 5642948 Publication Patent document 3: Japanese Patent No. 7012405 Publication Patent document 4: Japanese Patent No. 6412431 Publication [Non-patent document]
非專利文獻1：木造軸架工法住宅的容許應力度設計[1](2017年版)､第63頁及第300頁Non-patent document 1: Design of allowable stress for wooden frame houses [1] (2017 edition), pages 63 and 300
[發明所欲解決之問題][The problem the invention is trying to solve]
本發明者等對於專利文獻3中提出的使用低密度石膏系耐力面材的耐力牆，為了進一步增大牆倍率，反復實施該性能試驗的結果，發現透過防止衝剪(punching shear)現象引起的衝孔(punching out)破損、斷邊等現象，能夠進一步增大牆倍率。例如專利文獻1中記載的面材強化方法那樣，透過在打釘部分配置金屬板等的加強材或加固材，能夠防止衝孔破損等打釘部分的破損或斷裂等。The inventors of the present invention have repeatedly conducted performance tests on the resistance wall using low-density gypsum-based resistance surface material proposed in Patent Document 3 in order to further increase the wall ratio. As a result, they have found that the wall ratio can be further increased by preventing punching out damage, edge breakage, etc. caused by the punching shear phenomenon. For example, as in the surface material reinforcement method described in Patent Document 1, by arranging a reinforcing material or reinforcement material such as a metal plate at the nailing part, it is possible to prevent the nailing part from being damaged or broken, such as punching out damage.
然而，如上所述，在面材製造程序中追加用於將這種加強材或加固材附加安裝在耐力面材的表面上的工序，或者在木結構耐力牆的施工時附加實施這種工序的情況下，可以想像到石膏系面材的製造程序繁雜化，或者建築工程的操作性惡化的事態的發生。However, as described above, if a process for additionally installing such a reinforcing material or a reinforcement material on the surface of the endurance surface material is added to the surface material manufacturing process, or if such a process is additionally implemented during the construction of a wooden structure endurance wall, it is conceivable that the manufacturing process of the gypsum surface material will become complicated or the operability of the construction project will deteriorate.
本發明鑑於以上情形而開發，其目的在於提供在使用釘側面抵抗增大且面密度降低的低密度石膏系耐力面材的木結構耐力牆及其施工方法中，無需附加安裝金屬板等的加強材或加固材，抑制衝剪現象或減輕衝孔破損的作用，由此能夠抑制釘打部分的破損或斷裂等或減輕其作用而進一步增大牆倍率的木結構耐力牆及其施工方法，木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大方法及石膏系耐力面材。 [解決問題的手段] The present invention was developed in view of the above situation, and its purpose is to provide a wood structure resistance wall and its construction method using a low-density gypsum resistance surface material with increased nail side resistance and reduced surface density, which does not require additional reinforcement or reinforcing materials such as metal plates to suppress the shear phenomenon or reduce the damage caused by punching holes, thereby suppressing the damage or breakage of the nailed part or reducing its effect to further increase the wall ratio, a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure resistance wall, and a gypsum resistance surface material. [Means for solving the problem]
為了實現以上目的，本發明提供一種木結構耐力牆，其具有使用固定部件將石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架工法或木造框架壁工法的木結構牆基底上的結構，其特徵在於，該耐力面材由主材或芯材及覆蓋該主材或芯材的至少表背面的紙部件構成，該主材或芯材由板狀的石膏硬化體形成，該耐力面材，作為壁面的每單位面積的質量而確定的該耐力面材的面密度或面重量，具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度或面重量的同時，發揮500N以上的釘側面抵抗，並具有至少6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度，該固定部件由具有頭部及體部，且頭部的面積／體部的剖面積之面積比被設定在6～13的範圍內的值的金屬製的釘子構成，作為使用牆的長度1.82m的耐力牆試驗體進行面內剪切試驗測定的該耐力牆的極限變位(δu)，具有大於20×10 -3rad的值的極限變位。 In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a wood structure resistance wall, which has a structure in which a gypsum resistance surface material is fixed on a wood structure wall base of a wood frame construction method or a wood frame wall construction method using a fixing component, and is characterized in that the resistance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, and the main material or the core material is formed by a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body, and the resistance surface material has a surface density or surface weight determined as the mass per unit area of the wall surface, and has a surface density or surface weight within the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 , while exerting a nail side resistance of more than 500N and having a resistance of at least 6.5N/mm 2 or more, the fixing member is composed of a metal nail having a head and a body, and the area ratio of the head area/the cross-sectional area of the body is set to a value within the range of 6 to 13, and the limit displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by an in-plane shear test using a endurance wall test body with a wall length of 1.82m has a value greater than 20× 10-3 rad.
本發明還提供一種將石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架工法或木造框架壁工法的木結構牆基底上的木結構耐力牆的施工方法，其特徵在於，使用固定部件將該石膏系耐力面材固定在該木結構牆基底上，該石膏系耐力面材由主材或芯材及覆蓋該主材或芯材的至少表背面的紙部件構成，該主材或芯材由板狀的石膏硬化體形成，作為壁面的每單位面積的質量而確定的該耐力面材的面密度或面重量，具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度或面重量的同時，發揮500N以上的釘側面抵抗，並具有至少6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度，該固定部件由具有頭部及體部，且頭部的面積／體部的剖面積之面積比被設定在6～13的範圍內的值的金屬製的釘子構成，作為使用牆的長度1.82m的耐力牆試驗體進行面內剪切試驗而測定出的該耐力牆的極限變位(δu)，發揮出大於20×10 -3rad的值的極限變位。 The present invention also provides a method for constructing a wood structure endurance wall by fixing a gypsum endurance surface material on a wood structure wall base of a wood frame construction method or a wood frame wall construction method, wherein the gypsum endurance surface material is fixed on the wood structure wall base using a fixing member, the gypsum endurance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper member covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, the main material or the core material is formed of a plate-like gypsum hardened body, the surface density or surface weight of the endurance surface material determined as the mass per unit area of the wall surface has a surface density or surface weight within a range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 , while exerting a nail side resistance of more than 500 N and having a resistance of at least 6.5 N/mm 2 or more, the fixing member is composed of a metal nail having a head and a body, and the area ratio of the head area/the cross-sectional area of the body is set to a value in the range of 6 to 13, and the limit displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by an in-plane shear test using a endurance wall test body with a wall length of 1.82m exhibits a limit displacement of a value greater than 20× 10-3 rad.
優選為，該釘子具有6.0～10.0mm範圍內的頭徑及2.0～5.0mm範圍內的體徑。更優選為，釘子具有6.8～9.0mm範圍內的頭徑及2.2～4.2mm範圍內的體徑，頭部的面積/體部的剖面積之面積比(以下稱之為“頭面積/體剖面積之面積比”。)被設定為7～11的範圍內的值。優選為，該釘子的體部為具有均勻的圓形橫剖面的直平形的體體，其具有尖塔形的前端部，該釘子的頭部是具有俯視圓形輪廓的平頭平形或平頭網眼形的頭部，具有環狀且平坦的落座面及平坦的頂面，該落座面經過打釘作業會落座於該耐力面材的外表面，該頂面被施工成在打釘之後實質上可與該耐力面材的外表面所構成的壁面位於相同面內的形態。Preferably, the nail has a head diameter in the range of 6.0 to 10.0 mm and a body diameter in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 mm. More preferably, the nail has a head diameter in the range of 6.8 to 9.0 mm and a body diameter in the range of 2.2 to 4.2 mm, and the area ratio of the head area to the cross-sectional area of the body (hereinafter referred to as the "area ratio of the head area to the cross-sectional area of the body") is set to a value in the range of 7 to 11. Preferably, the body of the nail is a straight flat body with a uniform circular cross-section, which has a spire-shaped front end, and the head of the nail is a flat-headed flat or flat-headed mesh-shaped head with a circular outline when viewed from above, with an annular and flat seating surface and a flat top surface, and the seating surface will be seated on the outer surface of the endurance surface material after the nailing operation, and the top surface is constructed in a shape that can be substantially located in the same plane as the wall surface formed by the outer surface of the endurance surface material after nailing.
優選為，石膏系耐力面材將無機纖維及有機系強度強化材混入主材或芯材中，以確保作為石膏系耐力面材的最低限度的物性(釘側面抵抗:500N以上)的同時，面材料的面密度反而會降低，可設定較低的值(6.5～8.9kg/m 2)。例如，相對於每100重量部的焼石膏，無機纖維的混合(混合)量為0.3～5重量部，優選為2～4重量部。作為混合的無機纖維，例如可以舉出玻璃纖維､炭素繊維等。在使用玻璃纖維的情形下，適合使用直徑5～25μm､長度2～25mm的玻璃纖維。 無機纖維的混合量為每100重量部燒石膏0.3～5重量部，優選為2～4重量部。作為混合的無機纖維，可以列舉例如玻璃纖維、碳纖維等。在使用玻璃纖維的情況下，可以優選使用直徑為5～25μm、長度為2～25mm的玻璃纖維。另外，相對於焼石膏的每100重量部，有機系強度強化材的混合量為0.3～15重量部，優選為1～13重量部。作為有機系強度強化材，例如可以使用澱粉､聚乙酸乙烯酯､聚乙烯醇､聚丙烯酸等。作為澱粉，可以使用未加工澱粉及加工澱粉的任一種。作為加工澱粉，可以舉出經過物理處理､化學處理或酵素處理的澱粉。作為經過物理處理的澱粉，可以使用α澱粉。作為經過化學處理的澱粉，可以使用氧化澱粉､磷酸酯化澱粉､尿素磷酸酯化澱粉､羥丙基二澱粉磷酸酯(Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate)､羥乙基澱粉(hydroxyethyl starch)､羥丙基澱粉(hydroxypropyl starch)､陽離子性澱粉(cationic starch)､乙醯酯化澱粉(acetylated starch)。 Preferably, the gypsum-based resistance surface material mixes inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcing materials into the main material or core material to ensure the minimum physical properties of the gypsum-based resistance surface material (nail side resistance: 500N or more). At the same time, the surface density of the surface material will be reduced and a lower value (6.5-8.9kg/ m2 ) can be set. For example, the mixing (mixing) amount of inorganic fiber is 0.3-5 weight parts per 100 weight parts of calcined gypsum, preferably 2-4 weight parts. As mixed inorganic fibers, for example, glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc. can be cited. When using glass fibers, glass fibers with a diameter of 5-25μm and a length of 2-25mm are suitable. The mixing amount of inorganic fiber is 0.3 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of calcined gypsum. As the mixed inorganic fiber, for example, glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc. can be listed. When using glass fiber, it is preferred to use glass fiber with a diameter of 5 to 25 μm and a length of 2 to 25 mm. In addition, the mixing amount of organic strength reinforcing material is 0.3 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 13 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of calcined gypsum. As the organic strength reinforcing material, for example, starch, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, etc. can be used. As starch, either unprocessed starch or processed starch can be used. As processed starch, there are starches that have been physically treated, chemically treated, or enzyme treated. As physically treated starch, α starch can be used. As chemically treated starch, there are oxidized starch, phosphated starch, urea phosphated starch, hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, hydroxyethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, cationic starch, and acetylated starch.
另外，在以下的本說明書的記載中，“作為石膏系耐力面材的最低限度的物性”表示500N以上的釘側面抵抗。另外，作為可使石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度發生變動的要因，已知有石膏漿(泥漿)的混煉狀態(混煉時間､混煉溫度等)､石膏原料中包含的不純物的種類與量､石膏芯的剖面性狀､緻密性及均勻性等､石膏芯包含的氣泡量､尺寸及分散狀態､石膏芯的含水率或含水量､石膏芯的比重等。這些要因可能被用為增大或降低壓縮強度的控制因素，不僅是與製造條件(石膏原料的種類､泡劑等添加劑的種類及使用量､混煉水的水溫､氣溫･濕度等)密切相關的控制因素，也與石膏芯的品質整體相關，在有較低的面密度(6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度)時，可使石膏系耐力面材具有所期望的壓縮強度(6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度)，且，並非是專用於與無機纖維協同作用以使石膏系耐力面材獲得所期望的釘側面抵抗(500N以上的釘側面抵抗)之特定用途的性質的控制因素。另一方面，該有機系強度強化材可專用於這種用途，且，在製造過程中只需將其附加性地包含於石膏漿中，即可提供增大石膏芯的壓縮強度的實用且有效的手段。 In the following description of this specification, "as the minimum physical property of the gypsum-based endurance surface material" means the side resistance of the nail of 500N or more. In addition, as factors that can cause the compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface material to change, the mixing state of the gypsum slurry (mud) (mixing time, mixing temperature, etc.), the type and amount of impurities contained in the gypsum raw material, the cross-sectional properties, density and uniformity of the gypsum core, the amount, size and dispersion of bubbles contained in the gypsum core, the moisture content or moisture content of the gypsum core, the specific gravity of the gypsum core, etc. are known. These factors may be used as control factors to increase or decrease the compressive strength. They are not only control factors closely related to the manufacturing conditions (type of gypsum raw materials, type and amount of additives such as foaming agents, water temperature of mixing water, air temperature and humidity, etc.), but also related to the overall quality of the gypsum core. When there is a lower surface density (surface density within the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 ), the gypsum-based endurance surface material can have the desired compressive strength (compressive strength of more than 6.5N/ mm2 ). Moreover, they are not control factors specifically used for the synergistic effect with inorganic fibers to enable the gypsum-based endurance surface material to obtain the desired nail side resistance (nail side resistance of more than 500N). On the other hand, the organic strength reinforcing material can be used specifically for this purpose, and can provide a practical and effective means of increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum core simply by additionally including it in the gypsum slurry during the manufacturing process.
本發明的石膏系耐力面材的面密度的值(6.5～8.9kg/m 2)相較於結構用石膏板等歷來的石膏系耐力面材的面密度(約9.4kg/m 2)而言是很小的值。以這種面密度，可降低石膏系耐力面材之比重及/或板厚，從而，能夠減輕耐力牆的自重或減小壁厚。另一方面，這種面密度的降低是與耐力牆的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率增大的歷來的牆倍率增大方法(即，比重及/或板厚的增大會使最大耐力(Pmax)增大，從而短期基準剪切耐力(P0)增大的歷來的牆倍率增大方法)相反的條件。然而，如專利文獻3所述，當確保作為石膏系耐力面材的最低限度的物性(釘側面抵抗:500N以上)的同時降低面密度，而導致石膏系耐力面材所潛在持有的韌性及變形追隨性在塑性域顯在化的結果，耐力牆的極限變位(δu)及塑性率(μ)反而會增大，因而耐力牆的極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)會增大，並非一定使最大耐力(Pmax)增大，也能夠增大短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率。 The surface density of the gypsum-based resistance surface material of the present invention (6.5 to 8.9 kg/m 2 ) is a very small value compared to the surface density of conventional gypsum-based resistance surface materials such as structural gypsum boards (about 9.4 kg/m 2 ). With such a surface density, the specific gravity and/or board thickness of the gypsum-based resistance surface material can be reduced, thereby reducing the deadweight of the resistance wall or reducing the wall thickness. On the other hand, such a reduction in surface density is a condition opposite to the conventional wall ratio increase method of increasing the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio of the resistance wall (i.e., the increase in specific gravity and/or board thickness will increase the maximum resistance (Pmax), thereby increasing the short-term reference shear resistance (P0)). However, as described in Patent Document 3, when the minimum physical properties of the gypsum-based endurance surface material are ensured (nail side resistance: 500N or more), the surface density is reduced, resulting in the potential toughness and deformation tracking of the gypsum-based endurance surface material being manifested in the plastic domain, and the ultimate displacement (δu) and plasticity (μ) of the endurance wall will increase instead, so the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu') of the endurance wall will increase, which does not necessarily increase the maximum endurance (Pmax), but can also increase the short-term reference shear endurance (P0) and the wall ratio.
另外，本發明者們經過多次實驗發現了石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度增大時耐力牆的初期剛性(K)隨之增大的現象，基於該發現，反復進行銳意研究的結果表明，透過使石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度增大至6.5N/mm 2以上的值而使耐力牆的初期剛性(K)增大，由此，無需使耐力牆的極限變位(δu)大幅降低，也能夠使其降伏點變位(δv)降低，從而可使塑性率(μ)有較大提高。 In addition, the inventors of the present invention have discovered through numerous experiments that the initial stiffness (K) of the stress-bearing wall increases with increasing compressive strength of the gypsum-based stress-bearing surface material. Based on this discovery, repeated intensive studies have shown that by increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum-based stress-bearing surface material to a value above 6.5 N/ mm2 , the initial stiffness (K) of the stress-bearing wall can be increased. As a result, the yield point displacement (δv) of the stress-bearing wall can be reduced without significantly reducing the ultimate displacement (δu), thereby significantly improving the plasticity (μ).
即，根據本發明，透過使石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度增大至6.5N/mm 2以上的值，以使耐力牆的初期剛性(K)增大至例如2.0kN/10 -3rad以上的值，從而使降伏點變位(δv)的值降低至例如7.2×10 -3rad以下的值，能夠獲得較高的極限變位(δu)值的同時，能夠使塑性率(μ)的值有較大提高，其結果，作為極限耐力校正值(Pu’)，能夠較容易地確保7.7kN以上的值。 That is, according to the present invention, by increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum-based resistance surface material to a value of 6.5N/ mm2 or more, the initial stiffness (K) of the resistance wall is increased to a value of, for example, 2.0kN/ 10-3rad or more, thereby reducing the value of the yield point displacement (δv) to, for example, a value below 7.2× 10-3rad , and while a higher ultimate displacement (δu) value can be obtained, the value of the plasticity (μ) can be greatly improved. As a result, a value of 7.7kN or more can be easily ensured as the ultimate resistance correction value (Pu').
另外，在採用專利文獻3的低密度石膏系耐力面材的耐力牆中，初期剛性(K)是小於2.0kN/10- 3rad的值(例如，1.9kN/10 -3rad)。且，該結構用石膏板係出於防止施加振動時可能產生石膏系耐力面材與固定部件的相對位置變化而導致石膏系耐力面材被撕裂破損，著眼於釘側面抵抗這一強度因素，為了有如期望增大釘側面抵抗而開發出的石膏系耐力面材，該專利文獻3的低密度石膏系耐力面材的意圖在於透過確保所期望的釘側面抵抗的同時降低面密度，以使石膏系耐力面材在塑性域的韌性及變形追隨性顯在化而使塑性率(μ)及極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)增大，以上技術中均未將石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度､或在彈性域產生的初期剛性作為強度增強因素付諸關注或考慮，也未對耐力牆的初期剛性與石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度的結構關係進行探討或研究。 In addition, in the resistance wall using the low-density gypsum-based resistance surface material of Patent Document 3, the initial rigidity (K) is a value less than 2.0 kN/ 10-3 rad (for example, 1.9 kN/ 10-3 rad). Moreover, the structural gypsum board is a gypsum-based resistance surface material developed with an eye on the strength factor of nail side resistance in order to prevent the gypsum-based resistance surface material from being torn and damaged due to the relative position change between the gypsum-based resistance surface material and the fixing member when vibration is applied, and in order to increase the nail side resistance, the low-density gypsum-based resistance surface material of Patent Document 3 is intended to reduce the surface resistance while ensuring the desired nail side resistance. Density is increased to make the toughness and deformation tracking of the gypsum-based endurance surface material in the plastic domain apparent, thereby increasing the plasticity rate (μ) and the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu'). In the above technologies, the compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface material or the initial rigidity generated in the elastic domain as a strength enhancement factor is not paid attention to or considered, nor is the structural relationship between the initial rigidity of the endurance wall and the compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface material discussed or studied.
相對而言，根據本發明者們的實驗，面密度的增大可如願增大壓縮強度，然而隨著面密度增大不僅是面材料的自重會增大，還存在極限變位降低的傾向，因此，優選以利用有機系強度強化材的壓縮強度增大作用為主，將壓縮強度增大至適當的值。即，在本發明中，主要是透過適當的面密度設定以及混合有機系強度強化材而達成的壓縮強度增大作用，設定所期望的壓縮強度。In contrast, according to the experiments of the inventors, the increase in the surface density can increase the compressive strength as desired. However, as the surface density increases, not only the deadweight of the surface material increases, but also the limit displacement tends to decrease. Therefore, it is preferred to increase the compressive strength to an appropriate value by mainly utilizing the compressive strength increasing effect of the organic strength reinforcing material. That is, in the present invention, the desired compressive strength is set mainly by the compressive strength increasing effect achieved by appropriately setting the surface density and mixing the organic strength reinforcing material.
優選為，作為透過面內剪切試驗測定出的耐力牆之降伏點變位(δv)確保7.2×10 -3rad以下的值，再者，作為該初期剛性(K)確保2.0kN/10 -3rad以上的值，並作為該降伏點變位(δv)確保7.2×10 -3rad以下的值。例如，在本發明的石膏系耐力面材中，若假設為降伏點變位(δv)=6.0×10 -3rad､初期剛性(K)=2.5kN/10 -3rad､極限耐力Pu=15.0kN､極限變位(δu)=30×10 -3rad､塑性率(μ)=5.0､偏差係數β=1.0，極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)則為9.0kN。相對於此，倘若與該低密度石膏系耐力面材同様，設定為初期剛性(K)=1.9kN/10 -3rad(＜2.0kN/10 -3rad)的情形下，即使極限耐力Pu=15.0､極限變位(δu)=30×10 -3rad､偏差係數β=1.0時，降伏點變位(δv)=7.8×10 -3rad､塑性率(μ)=3.8，極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)不過大致7.7kN。即，藉由耐力面材的壓縮強度增大會使初期剛性(K)增大，極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)會相對增大，能夠使短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率有較大提高。 Preferably, the yield point displacement (δv) of the bearing wall measured by the in-plane shear test is ensured to be 7.2×10 -3 rad or less, and further, the initial rigidity (K) is ensured to be 2.0 kN/10 -3 rad or more, and the yield point displacement (δv) is ensured to be 7.2×10 -3 rad or less. For example, in the gypsum-based bearing surface material of the present invention, assuming that the yield point displacement (δv) = 6.0×10 -3 rad, initial stiffness (K) = 2.5 kN/10 -3 rad, ultimate yield strength Pu = 15.0 kN, ultimate displacement (δu) = 30×10 -3 rad, plasticity (μ) = 5.0, and deviation coefficient β = 1.0, the ultimate yield strength (corrected value) (Pu') is 9.0 kN. In contrast, if the initial stiffness (K) is set to 1.9 kN/10 -3 rad (＜2.0 kN/10 -3 rad) for the same low-density gypsum bearing surface material, even if the ultimate bearing capacity Pu = 15.0, ultimate displacement (δu) = 30×10 -3 rad, deviation coefficient β = 1.0, yield point displacement (δv) = 7.8×10 -3 rad, plasticity (μ) = 3.8, the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) (Pu') is only about 7.7 kN. That is, by increasing the compressive strength of the bearing surface material, the initial rigidity (K) will increase, the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) (Pu') will increase relatively, and the short-term reference shear bearing capacity (P0) and the wall ratio can be greatly improved.
在本發明中，該壓縮強度可優選設定為7.5～13.0kN/mm 2的範圍內的值，更優選為8.0kN/mm 2以上的值。另外，在本發明中，該初期剛性可優選設定為2.2kN/10 -3rad～4.0kN/10 -3rad的範圍內的值，更優選為2.4kN/10 -3rad以上的值。進而，根據本發明，該降伏點變位(δv)可優選設定為3.5×10 -3rad～7.2×10 -3rad的範圍內的值，更優選為6.5×10 -3rad以下的值。 In the present invention, the compressive strength can be preferably set to a value in the range of 7.5 to 13.0 kN/mm 2 , and more preferably a value of 8.0 kN/mm 2 or more. In addition, in the present invention, the initial rigidity can be preferably set to a value in the range of 2.2 kN/10 -3 rad to 4.0 kN/10 -3 rad, and more preferably a value of 2.4 kN/10 -3 rad or more. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the yield point displacement (δv) can be preferably set to a value in the range of 3.5×10 -3 rad to 7.2×10 -3 rad, and more preferably a value of 6.5×10 -3 rad or less.
根據具備本發明的優選實施方式的石膏系耐力面材的耐力牆，作為透過面內剪切試驗測定出的塑性率(μ)可獲得4.2以上且10.0以下的值，優選為4.3以上的值，作為透過面內剪切試驗測定出的降伏強度(Py)可獲得7.7kN以上且大於該極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)的值，優選為8.0kN以上的值。在此，根據本發明者們的實驗，存在初期剛性(K)增大時降伏強度(Py)也增大的傾向，因此，與該低密度石膏系耐力面材(專利文獻3)同様，認為降伏強度(Py)一般而言大於極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)。According to the resistance wall having the gypsum resistance surface material of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plasticity (μ) measured by the in-plane shear test can obtain a value of 4.2 or more and 10.0 or less, preferably a value of 4.3 or more, and the yield strength (Py) measured by the in-plane shear test can obtain a value of 7.7 kN or more and greater than the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu'), preferably a value of 8.0 kN or more. Here, according to the experiments of the inventors, there is a tendency that the yield strength (Py) increases when the initial rigidity (K) increases. Therefore, it is considered that the yield strength (Py) is generally greater than the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') as in the low-density gypsum resistance surface material (Patent Document 3).
由此，根據使用本發明的石膏系耐力面材的耐力牆，不僅確保作為石膏系耐力面材的最低限度的物性的同時，透過面密度的降低，提高塑性域的石膏系耐力面材的韌性及變形追隨性，增大極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)，還透過初期剛性(K)的增大及降伏點變位(δv)的降低，進一步增大極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)，從而，無需附加安裝加強材或加固材，也無需增大石膏系耐力面材的面密度，也能夠使耐力牆的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率有較大提高。另外，根據本發明，作為將這種石膏系耐力面材固定在木結構牆基底上的固定部件，使用頭面積/體剖面積之面積比被設定在6～13的範圍內的值的金屬製的釘子，由此，無需附加設置金屬板等的加強材或加固材，就能夠有效地抑制衝孔破損或減輕其作用，因此，與石膏系耐力面材的以上所述的作用相結合，能夠進一步有效果或有效率地增大木結構耐力牆的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率。進而，該耐力面材與結構用石膏板或以上所述的低密度石膏系耐力面材(專利文獻3)同樣，主材或芯材的至少表背面被紙部件所覆蓋，因此能夠利用現有的石膏板生產線簡單地製造。優選為，本發明的石膏系耐力面材具有芯材的表面或表層被石膏板用原紙覆蓋的疊層結構。在此，“表背面”是指除了面材料的端緣及側緣(即，四周外緣部)的端面或側面之外的面材料的表面及背面。Therefore, according to the resistance wall using the gypsum resistance surface material of the present invention, not only the minimum physical properties of the gypsum resistance surface material are ensured, but also the toughness and deformation tracking property of the gypsum resistance surface material in the plastic domain are improved by reducing the surface density, thereby increasing the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu’), and the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu’) is further increased by increasing the initial stiffness (K) and reducing the yield point displacement (δv). Therefore, the short-term benchmark shear resistance (P0) and wall ratio of the resistance wall can be greatly improved without the need to additionally install reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials or increase the surface density of the gypsum resistance surface material. In addition, according to the present invention, as a fixing component for fixing this gypsum-based endurance surface material to the base of the wooden structure wall, a metal nail whose head area/body cross-sectional area ratio is set to a value in the range of 6 to 13 is used. As a result, there is no need to additionally provide reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials such as metal plates, and it is possible to effectively suppress punching damage or reduce its effects. Therefore, combined with the above-mentioned effects of the gypsum-based endurance surface material, the short-term baseline shear resistance (P0) and wall ratio of the wooden structure endurance wall can be further effectively or efficiently increased. Furthermore, the endurance surface material is similar to the structural gypsum board or the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material (Patent Document 3) described above, in that at least the front and back sides of the main material or core material are covered with paper components, so that it can be simply manufactured using existing gypsum board production lines. Preferably, the gypsum-based endurance surface material of the present invention has a laminated structure in which the surface or surface layer of the core material is covered with gypsum board base paper. Here, "front and back sides" refer to the surface and back sides of the surface material except for the end faces or side faces of the end edges and side edges (i.e., the surrounding outer edges) of the surface material.
優選為，該石膏系耐力面材的板厚為7.5mm以上且未滿12mm的值(更優選為8.5mm以上且10mm以下的值)，例如設定為9.5mm或9.0mm。這種板厚的石膏系耐力面材與需要12mm以上的板厚的結構用石膏板相比，有利於實現木結構耐力牆的壁厚降低等。根據所願，該石膏硬化體具有980N以下的釘側面抵抗。Preferably, the thickness of the gypsum-based endurance surface material is 7.5 mm or more and less than 12 mm (more preferably 8.5 mm or more and 10 mm or less), for example, 9.5 mm or 9.0 mm. Compared with structural gypsum boards that require a thickness of 12 mm or more, gypsum-based endurance surface materials of such thickness are advantageous in achieving a reduction in the thickness of a wood-structure endurance wall. The gypsum hardened body has a nail side resistance of 980 N or less as desired.
優選為，該石膏系耐力面材，作為使用牆的長度1.82m的耐力牆試驗體進行面內剪切試驗而測定出的耐力牆的極限變位(δu)，使耐力牆產生24×10 -3rad以上(優選為26×10 -3rad以上)的極限變位(δu)。被設定為較高值的極限變位(δu)的值，與耐力牆的初期剛性(K)的增大及降伏點變位(δv)的降低相互作用，能夠使塑性率(μ)的值有較大提高，對於提高短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率而言極為有利。耐力牆的極限變位(δu)是表示在塑性域的耐力牆的韌性及變形追隨性的之指標。根據“木造耐力牆及其倍率性能試驗･評價業務方法書”，在面內剪切試驗中即使超過1/15rad時負荷也不降低，無法獲得極限變位的值的情形下，將極限變位(δu)設定為1/15rad。因此，極限變位(δu)的最大值為1/15rad(66.7×10 -3rad)。 Preferably, the gypsum-based endurance surface material has an endurance wall limit displacement (δu) of 24×10 -3 rad or more (preferably 26×10 -3 rad or more) as measured by an in-plane shear test using an endurance wall test body having a wall length of 1.82 m. The endurance wall has an limit displacement (δu) of 24×10 -3 rad or more (preferably 26×10 -3 rad or more). The value of the limit displacement (δu) set to a relatively high value interacts with the increase in the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall and the decrease in the yield point displacement (δv), which can greatly increase the value of the plasticity rate (μ), which is extremely beneficial for improving the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio. The limit displacement (δu) of a bearing wall is an index that indicates the toughness and deformation tracking of the bearing wall in the plastic region. According to the "Procedure for Testing and Evaluation of Timber Bearing Walls and Their Rate Performance", in the in-plane shear test, if the load does not decrease even when it exceeds 1/15 rad, and the limit displacement value cannot be obtained, the limit displacement (δu) is set to 1/15 rad. Therefore, the maximum value of the limit displacement (δu) is 1/15 rad (66.7×10 -3 rad).
優選為，該石膏系耐力面材的比重在0.65～0.96的範圍內，優選設定為0.7～0.9的範圍內的值(更優選為0.7～0.8的範圍內的值)。根據這種比重的石膏系耐力面材，例如，板厚未滿12mm，但具有1.0以上的比重，因此，與自重較大的專利文獻4的石膏系面材的實施品(例如，吉野石膏株式會社製造“EX板”(商品名)相比，能夠實現面材料的輕量化，因此，有利於木結構耐力牆的輕量化，或改善木結構耐力牆的施工性及其建設作業的作業性等。Preferably, the specific gravity of the gypsum-based resistance surface material is in the range of 0.65 to 0.96, preferably set to a value in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 (more preferably a value in the range of 0.7 to 0.8). According to the gypsum-based resistance surface material of such specific gravity, for example, the plate thickness is less than 12 mm, but has a specific gravity of 1.0 or more, so that compared with the implementation product of the gypsum-based surface material of Patent Document 4 with a larger dead weight (for example, "EX Board" (trade name) manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.), the surface material can be lightweight, and therefore, it is beneficial to lightweight the wood structure resistance wall, or improve the construction performance of the wood structure resistance wall and the workability of its construction work.
另外，在本發明的優選實施方式中，石膏系耐力面材的芯材(石膏芯部分)作為防止耐力劣化的耐力劣化防止劑，包含有機聚矽氧烷(Organopolysiloxane)化合物。根據這種耐力面材，與專利文獻4記載的石膏系耐力面材同様，能夠提供可在木造外壁的屋外牆面施工的上述耐力面材。In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core material (gypsum core part) of the gypsum-based resistance surface material contains an organopolysiloxane compound as a resistance degradation inhibitor for preventing resistance degradation. According to this resistance surface material, the above-mentioned resistance surface material that can be constructed on the exterior wall surface of a wooden exterior wall can be provided, similar to the gypsum-based resistance surface material described in Patent Document 4.
從另一視點而言，本發明提供一種使用固定部件將石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架工法或木造框架壁工法的木結構牆基底上的方式進行施工的木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大方法，其特徵在於，由主材或芯材及覆蓋該主材或芯材的至少表背面的紙部件構成該耐力面材，且該主材或芯材由板狀的石膏硬化體形成，藉由設定該主材或該芯材的石膏硬化體的混合，以將作為壁面的每單位面積的質量而確定的該耐力面材的面密度或面重量降低至6.5～8.9kg/m 2的同時，使該耐力面材發揮500N以上的釘側面抵抗及6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度，作為該固定部件，使用頭部的面積／體部的剖面積之面積比被設定在6～13的範圍內的值的金屬製的釘子，以抑制衝剪現象或減輕衝孔破損的作用，作為使用牆的長度1.82m的耐力牆試驗體進行面內剪切試驗而測定出的該耐力牆的極限變位(δu)，可獲得大於20×10 -3rad的值的極限變位。 From another point of view, the present invention provides a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall by fixing a gypsum-based endurance surface material on a wood structure wall base of a wood frame construction method or a wood frame wall construction method using a fixing component, wherein the endurance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, and the main material or the core material is formed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body, and by setting the mixture of the gypsum hardened body of the main material or the core material, the surface density or surface weight of the endurance surface material determined as the mass per unit area of the wall surface is reduced to 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 , and at the same time, the endurance surface material exerts a nail side resistance of more than 500N and a resistance of 6.5N/mm 2 or more, and a metal nail with an area ratio of the head area/body cross-sectional area set to a value in the range of 6 to 13 is used as the fixing member to suppress the shearing phenomenon or reduce the punching damage. The limit displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by an in-plane shear test using a endurance wall test body with a length of 1.82m can obtain a limit displacement greater than 20×10 -3 rad.
根據這種牆倍率增大方法，透過降低比重及/或板厚而使石膏系耐力面材的面密度降低，從而能夠減輕耐力牆的自重或降低壁厚。且，根據這種牆倍率增大方法，如上所述，不僅能夠透過石膏系面材的低密度化而使石膏系面材的(塑性域的)韌性及變形追隨性提高並使極限變位(δu)的值增大，亦能透過增大石膏系面材的壓縮強度，使耐力牆的初期剛性(K)增大，從而使降伏點變位(δv)的值降低。其結果，透過較小的降伏點變位(δv)的值與較大的極限變位(δu)的值之相乘效果，可使塑性率(μ=δu/δv)的值有較大提高，且，作為木結構耐力牆的極限耐力(校正值)(Pu’)，能夠較容易地確保7.7kN以上的值。According to this wall ratio increasing method, the surface density of the gypsum-based endurance surface material is reduced by reducing the specific gravity and/or the board thickness, thereby reducing the deadweight of the endurance wall or reducing the wall thickness. Moreover, according to this wall ratio increasing method, as described above, not only can the toughness and deformation tracking of the gypsum-based surface material (in the plastic domain) be improved by reducing the density of the gypsum-based surface material and the value of the limit displacement (δu) be increased, but also the initial rigidity (K) of the endurance wall can be increased by increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum-based surface material, thereby reducing the value of the yield point displacement (δv). As a result, the synergistic effect of the smaller yield point displacement (δv) and the larger limit displacement (δu) can significantly increase the value of the plasticity rate (μ=δu/δv), and the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') of the wood structure resistance wall can be easily ensured to be a value of 7.7 kN or more.
本發明還提供一種用於該施工方法中或者用於該牆倍率增大方法中的、透過該固定部件被固定在木造軸架工法或木造框架壁工法的木結構牆基底上的木結構耐力牆用的石膏系耐力面材，其特徵在於，發揮500N以上的釘側面抵抗的同時，具有至少6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度，並具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度或面重量，與該固定部件協同地，以將使用牆的長度1.82m的耐力牆試驗體進行面內剪切試驗而測定出的該耐力牆的極限變位(δu)增大至大於20×10 -3rad的值。 [發明的效果] The present invention also provides a gypsum-based endurance surface material for a wood-structure endurance wall, which is used in the construction method or the wall magnification enlargement method and is fixed to the base of a wood-structure wall of a wood-frame construction method or a wood-frame wall construction method through the fixing component. The gypsum-based endurance surface material is characterized in that it has a compression strength of at least 6.5N/ mm2 while exerting a nail side resistance of more than 500N, and has a surface density or surface weight in the range of 6.5 to 8.9kg/ m2. In conjunction with the fixing component, the endurance wall's limit displacement (δu) measured by an in-plane shear test of an endurance wall test body with a length of 1.82m is increased to a value greater than 20× 10-3 rad. [Effect of the invention]
根據本發明的石膏系耐力面材，關於使用面密度降低的低密度的石膏系耐力面材來提高耐力牆的韌性及變形追隨性的同時，使用固定部件將該耐力面材固定在木結構牆基底上而成的耐力牆，使其初期剛性(K)增大，使降伏點變位(δv)降低，由此，能夠使塑性率(μ=δu/δv)增大，使短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率增大。本發明的石膏系耐力面材，作為可進一步增大短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率的耐力面材，可有效使用於尤其不容易增大極限變位(δu)的值的耐力牆，或已經在發揮接近其上限的極限變位(δu)的耐力牆，且不會招致壁厚增大或牆體自重的增大等。且，本發明的石膏系耐力面材，由於主材或芯材的至少表背面被紙部件所覆蓋，因此能夠用利用歷來的石膏板生產線簡單地製造。According to the gypsum-based resistance surface material of the present invention, a low-density gypsum-based resistance surface material with reduced surface density is used to improve the toughness and deformation tracking performance of the resistance wall. At the same time, the resistance surface material is fixed to the base of a wooden structure wall using a fixing component to form a resistance wall, thereby increasing its initial rigidity (K) and reducing the yield point displacement (δv). As a result, the plasticity rate (μ=δu/δv) can be increased, and the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio can be increased. The gypsum-based resistance surface material of the present invention can be effectively used as a resistance surface material that can further increase the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio, especially for resistance walls that are not easy to increase the value of the limit displacement (δu), or for resistance walls that have already exerted the limit displacement (δu) close to its upper limit, without causing an increase in wall thickness or an increase in the deadweight of the wall. In addition, the gypsum-based resistance surface material of the present invention can be simply manufactured using a conventional gypsum board production line because at least the front and back surfaces of the main material or core material are covered with a paper member.
根據具備如上所述的石膏系耐力面材的本發明的木結構耐力牆及其施工方法，乃至使用固定部件將該石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架工法或木造框架壁工法的木結構牆基底上而構成的木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大方法，透過作為固定部件使用具有規定尺寸及形狀(頭徑D、體徑d、及頭面積/體剖面積的比η)的金屬製的釘子，可有效抑制石膏系耐力面材的衝孔破損或減輕其作用，從而可以較大幅度地改善短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)及牆倍率。即，根據本發明，在木結構耐力牆及其施工方法，乃至在木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大方法中，無需附加安裝金屬板等的加強材或加固材，也無需使石膏系面材的面密度(比重及/或板厚)增大(因此，不會導致耐力牆的自重及/或壁厚增大)，且不會使極限變位(δu)的值進一步增大，而能夠進一步增大耐力牆的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率。According to the wooden structure resistance wall and its construction method of the present invention having the above-mentioned gypsum resistance surface material, and even the wall ratio increasing method of the wooden structure resistance wall constructed by fixing the gypsum resistance surface material on the wooden structure wall base of the wooden frame construction method or the wooden frame wall construction method using fixing components, by using metal nails with specified sizes and shapes (head diameter D, body diameter d, and head area/body cross-sectional area ratio η) as fixing components, the punching damage of the gypsum resistance surface material can be effectively suppressed or its effect can be reduced, thereby significantly improving the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) and the wall ratio. That is, according to the present invention, in a wood structure resistance wall and its construction method, and even in a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure resistance wall, there is no need to additionally install reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials such as metal plates, nor is there a need to increase the surface density (specific gravity and/or board thickness) of the gypsum surface material (therefore, it will not cause an increase in the deadweight and/or wall thickness of the resistance wall), and the value of the limit displacement (δu) will not be further increased, while the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio of the resistance wall can be further increased.
另外，根據本發明的木結構建築物的耐力牆結構或其施工方法，或耐力牆施工方法，透過將該石膏系耐力面材作為耐力面材使用於木結構耐力牆中，能夠在不使短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率降低 (或者有效提升)的情形下，降低石膏系耐力面材的面密度，由此，能夠減輕耐力牆的自重或降低牆厚，或者改善耐力牆的施工性等。In addition, according to the endurance wall structure of the wooden structure building or its construction method, or the endurance wall construction method of the present invention, by using the gypsum-based endurance surface material as the endurance surface material in the wooden structure endurance wall, the surface density of the gypsum-based endurance surface material can be reduced without reducing (or effectively improving) the short-term baseline shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio, thereby reducing the dead weight of the endurance wall or reducing the wall thickness, or improving the construction performance of the endurance wall.
另外，根據本發明的木結構建築物的耐力牆結構或其施工方法，或牆倍率增大方法，能夠使初期剛性(K)增大，而使降伏點變位(δv)降低，由此，能夠使極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')增大，使短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率增大，因此，無需依賴於附加設置在石膏系面材上的金屬板等的加強材或加固材提供的加強或加固效果，也無需依賴於石膏系面材的比重及/或板厚的增大，且，也無需過大依賴於極限變位(δu)值的增大，也能夠使牆倍率增大。In addition, according to the resistance wall structure of the wooden structure building of the present invention or its construction method, or the wall ratio increasing method, the initial stiffness (K) can be increased and the yield point displacement (δv) can be reduced, thereby increasing the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') and increasing the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio. Therefore, there is no need to rely on the reinforcement or reinforcement effect provided by the reinforcing materials or reinforcing materials such as metal plates additionally provided on the gypsum surface materials, nor is there any need to rely on the increase in the specific gravity and/or board thickness of the gypsum surface materials, and there is no need to rely too much on the increase in the ultimate displacement (δu) value, and the wall ratio can be increased.
以下，參照附圖，詳細說明本發明的優選實施方式的木結構耐力牆的結構。Hereinafter, the structure of the wooden structure endurance wall of the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[關於木結構耐力牆的整體結構] 圖1是示意性地示出本發明的優選實施方式的木結構建築物的耐力牆的結構的正面圖。另外，圖2的(A)及(B)分別是關於圖1所示的耐力牆，對利用釘子將石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架上的耐力牆的部分進行局部擴大表示的耐力牆的局部剖面圖及局部剖切斜視圖。 [About the overall structure of the wood-structured endurance wall] Figure 1 is a front view schematically showing the structure of the endurance wall of the wood-structured building in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In addition, Figures 2 (A) and (B) are respectively a partial cross-sectional view and a partial cut-away oblique view of the endurance wall shown in Figure 1, showing a partial enlargement of the endurance wall where the gypsum-based endurance surface material is fixed to the wooden frame by nails.
圖1所示的木結構耐力牆1是木造軸架構法的木結構耐力牆，其透過將石膏系耐力面材10固定在鋼筋混凝土(RC)結構的連續基礎F上的木造軸架上而構成。耐力面材10的尺寸為厚度9.5mm､寬度910mm及高度約2800～3030mm(例如，約2900mm)，並具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度(例如，面密度7.5kg/m 2)。面密度(也可稱為面重量)是牆面正面視下的牆面每單位面積(正面面積)的質量(重量)。如圖2所示，耐力面材10是由混合有規定量的無機纖維(玻璃纖維)及有機系強度強化材(澱粉)的平板狀石膏芯(石膏芯材)11､覆蓋石膏芯的兩面的石膏板用原紙(紙部件)12構成的石膏系面材。 The wooden structure resistance wall 1 shown in FIG1 is a wooden structure resistance wall of the wooden axis frame method, which is constructed by fixing a gypsum resistance surface material 10 on a wooden axis frame on a continuous foundation F of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure. The dimensions of the resistance surface material 10 are a thickness of 9.5 mm, a width of 910 mm, and a height of about 2800 to 3030 mm (for example, about 2900 mm), and have a surface density in the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/m 2 (for example, a surface density of 7.5 kg/m 2 ). The surface density (also called the surface weight) is the mass (weight) per unit area (front area) of the wall surface when viewed from the front. As shown in FIG. 2 , the resistance surface material 10 is a gypsum surface material composed of a flat gypsum core (gypsum core material) 11 mixed with a predetermined amount of inorganic fiber (glass fiber) and an organic strength reinforcing material (starch), and gypsum board base paper (paper member) 12 covering both sides of the gypsum core.
耐力牆1具有利用錨螺栓(anchor bolt)B被固定在連續基礎F之上面的基座2。耐力牆1基本上由該基座2､在基座2上隔開規定間距垂直配置的柱子3､中間柱4及接續中間柱4’､被柱子3的上端(或中間部)支撐的水平狀的橫構件(樑､橫樑､簷樑､橫側樑)5､上述耐力面材10所構成。另外，構成軸架的基座2､柱子3､中間柱4､接續中間柱4’及橫構件5是通常的木造建築物中採用的部件剖面的木材(方形材)。The endurance wall 1 has a base 2 fixed to the continuous foundation F by anchor bolts B. The endurance wall 1 is basically composed of the base 2, columns 3, intermediate columns 4 and connecting intermediate columns 4' vertically arranged at predetermined intervals on the base 2, horizontal cross members (beams, cross beams, eaves beams, and side beams) 5 supported by the upper ends (or middle parts) of the columns 3, and the endurance surface material 10. In addition, the base 2, columns 3, intermediate columns 4, connecting intermediate columns 4' and cross members 5 constituting the axis frame are wood (square wood) of the section of the components used in ordinary wooden buildings.
耐力面材10被鐵製或鋼製(本例為鐵製)的釘子20固定在基座2､柱子3､中間柱4､接續中間柱4’及橫構件5上。釘子20彼此空出間距S1被配置在耐力面材10的四周外周帶域，且，彼此空出間距S2被配置在沿著垂直方向延伸的耐力面材10的中央帯域。優選為，間距S1被設定為50mm～200mm的範圍內的尺寸(例如，75mm)，間距S2被設定為50mm～300mm的範圍內的尺寸(例如，150mm)。The endurance surface material 10 is fixed to the base 2, the column 3, the middle column 4, the connecting middle column 4' and the cross member 5 by nails 20 made of iron or steel (in this example, iron). The nails 20 are arranged at a distance S1 from each other in the peripheral zone around the endurance surface material 10, and at a distance S2 from each other in the central zone of the endurance surface material 10 extending in the vertical direction. Preferably, the distance S1 is set to a size within the range of 50 mm to 200 mm (for example, 75 mm), and the distance S2 is set to a size within the range of 50 mm to 300 mm (for example, 150 mm).
如圖2所示，釘子20是由頭部21、體部22、頸部23及前端部24構成的鐵釘，該頭部21為具有俯視圓形輪廓的平頭平形或平頭網眼形部分，該體部22為具有均勻的圓形橫剖面的直平形的部分，該頸部23位於體部22的基端部並一體連接體部22及頭部21，該前端部24為位於體部22的前端的尖塔形的部分。頭部21的下表面構成落座於耐力面材10的外表面的環狀的落座面21b。頸部23的外周部分局部性地略微擴張而形成錐狀(taper)或圓錐狀，並於頭部21連續，因此，落座面21b的徑向尺寸未必一定與頭部21及體部22的直徑差一致，是略小於直徑差的值，但大體上是與直徑差相同的值。As shown in FIG. 2 , the nail 20 is an iron nail composed of a head 21, a body 22, a neck 23 and a front end 24. The head 21 is a flat or mesh-shaped portion having a circular outline in a top view, the body 22 is a straight flat portion having a uniform circular cross section, the neck 23 is located at the base end of the body 22 and integrally connects the body 22 and the head 21, and the front end 24 is a spire-shaped portion located at the front end of the body 22. The lower surface of the head 21 constitutes an annular seating surface 21b seated on the outer surface of the strength surface material 10. The outer peripheral portion of the neck 23 is partially slightly expanded to form a taper or cone shape and is continuous with the head 21. Therefore, the radial dimension of the seating surface 21b is not necessarily consistent with the diameter difference between the head 21 and the body 22. It is slightly smaller than the diameter difference, but generally the same as the diameter difference.
一般而言，釘子20除了由頭部21及體部22的材質及形狀之外，還由頭部21的直徑(頭徑D)、體部22的直徑(體徑d)及釘子20的全長(長度L)等確定。在本實施方式中，頭徑D、體徑d及長度L分別為7.07mm、2.45mm、約50mm，頭部21的頂面21a的正面面積與體部22的橫剖面的面積的比η(即，頭面積/體剖面積)為8.32(參照圖5)。在本發明中，頭徑D優選設定為6.0～10.0mm的範圍內，更優選設定為6.8～9.0mm的範圍內的值，體徑d優選設定為2.0～5.0mm的範圍內，更優選設定為2.2～4.2mm的範圍內。另外，頭面積/體剖面積的比η優選設定為6～13的範圍內的值，更優選設定為7～11的範圍內的值。Generally speaking, the nail 20 is determined by the diameter of the head 21 (head diameter D), the diameter of the body 22 (body diameter d), and the total length (length L) of the nail 20 in addition to the material and shape of the head 21 and the body 22. In the present embodiment, the head diameter D, the body diameter d, and the length L are 7.07 mm, 2.45 mm, and about 50 mm, respectively, and the ratio η of the front area of the top surface 21a of the head 21 to the area of the cross-section of the body 22 (i.e., head area/body cross-section area) is 8.32 (see FIG. 5). In the present invention, the head diameter D is preferably set to a value in the range of 6.0 to 10.0 mm, more preferably set to a value in the range of 6.8 to 9.0 mm, and the body diameter d is preferably set to a value in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, more preferably set to a value in the range of 2.2 to 4.2 mm. In addition, the ratio η of the head area/body cross-sectional area is preferably set to a value in the range of 6 to 13, more preferably set to a value in the range of 7 to 11.
耐力面材10的石膏芯11包含規定量的無機纖維及有機系強度強化材，具有500N以上的釘側面抵抗。相對於燒石膏的每100重量部，無機纖維的混合量為0.3～5重量部，優選為2～4重量部。作為混合的無機纖維，例如可以舉出玻璃纖維、碳纖維等。在使用玻璃纖維的情形下，可以適當使用直徑5～25μm、長度2～25mm的玻璃纖維。另外，相對於烤石膏的每100重量部，有機系強度強化材的混合量為0.3～15重量部，優選為1～13重量部。作為混合的有機系強度強化材，例如可以舉出澱粉、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸等。在此，作為澱粉，可以使用未加工澱粉及加工澱粉中的任一種。作為加工澱粉，可以舉出經過物理處理、化學處理或酵素處理的澱粉。作為經過物理處理的澱粉，可以適當使用α澱粉。作為經過化學處理的澱粉，可以適當使用氧化澱粉、磷酸酯化澱粉、脲磷酸酯化澱粉、羥丙基二澱粉磷酸酯、羥乙基澱粉、羥丙即(hydroxypropyl)、陽離子性澱粉、乙醯酯化澱粉。混合有機系強度強化材是確保較低的面密度(6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度)的同時使耐力面材10具有所期望的壓縮強度(6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度)，並透過與無機纖維的協同作用而使耐力面材10具有所期望的釘側面抵抗(500N以上的釘側面抵抗)的有效手段，加之，從混合有機系強度強化材對於石膏系耐力面材的品質整體並無大影響這一點考慮，為了提高耐力面材10的釘側面抵抗，也不失為一種簡單且現實性或實務性的有效手段。 The gypsum core 11 of the endurance surface material 10 contains a specified amount of inorganic fiber and an organic strength reinforcing material, and has a nail side resistance of more than 500N. For every 100 parts by weight of baked gypsum, the mixing amount of inorganic fiber is 0.3 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight. As mixed inorganic fibers, for example, glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc. can be cited. When glass fibers are used, glass fibers with a diameter of 5 to 25 μm and a length of 2 to 25 mm can be appropriately used. In addition, for every 100 parts by weight of baked gypsum, the mixing amount of organic strength reinforcing materials is 0.3 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 13 parts by weight. As mixed organic strength reinforcing materials, for example, starch, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, etc. can be cited. Here, as the starch, any of unprocessed starch and processed starch can be used. As the processed starch, there can be cited starch that has been physically treated, chemically treated, or enzyme-treated. As the physically treated starch, α starch can be appropriately used. As the chemically treated starch, there can be appropriately used oxidized starch, phosphated starch, urea phosphated starch, hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, hydroxyethyl starch, hydroxypropyl, cationic starch, and acetylated starch. Mixed organic strength reinforcing materials are an effective means to ensure a relatively low surface density (surface density within the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 ) while allowing the endurance surface material 10 to have a desired compressive strength (compressive strength of more than 6.5 N/ mm2 ), and to allow the endurance surface material 10 to have a desired nail side resistance (nail side resistance of more than 500 N) through the synergistic effect with inorganic fibers. In addition, considering that the mixed organic strength reinforcing materials have no significant impact on the overall quality of gypsum-based endurance surface materials, in order to improve the nail side resistance of the endurance surface material 10, it is also a simple, realistic or practical and effective means.
耐力材料10的組成及結構類似於JIS A 6901中規定的“結構石膏板”的組成及結構。然而，耐力面材10的面密度是6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的值(例如，7.5kg/m 2)。因此，如上所述，耐力面材10與要求9.4kg/m 2以上的面密度的JIS A 6901的“結構用石膏板”基本上不同。另外，現已有JIS A 6901中規定的“強化石膏板”也要求9.4kg/m 2以上的面密度，因此耐力面材10與“強化石膏板”也基本上不同。另外，耐力面材10與其他的“石膏板”的不同點還在於，為了發揮出500N以上的釘側面抵抗，具有混合了無機纖維及有機系強度強化材的主材或芯材(石膏芯11)。即，耐力面材10不符合現行的JIS A 6901中規定的任何“石膏板”的定義。在本說明書中，依據上述意思，將耐力面材10確定或表述為“石膏系耐力面材”。 The composition and structure of the resistance material 10 are similar to those of the "structural gypsum board" specified in JIS A 6901. However, the surface density of the resistance surface material 10 is a value within the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/m 2 (for example, 7.5 kg/m 2 ). Therefore, as described above, the resistance surface material 10 is basically different from the "structural gypsum board" of JIS A 6901, which requires a surface density of 9.4 kg/m 2 or more. In addition, the existing "reinforced gypsum board" specified in JIS A 6901 also requires a surface density of 9.4 kg/m 2 or more, so the resistance surface material 10 is also basically different from the "reinforced gypsum board". In addition, the endurance surface material 10 is different from other "gypsum boards" in that, in order to exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N, it has a main material or core material (gypsum core 11) mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcing materials. That is, the endurance surface material 10 does not meet any definition of "gypsum board" stipulated in the current JIS A 6901. In this specification, based on the above meaning, the endurance surface material 10 is determined or described as a "gypsum-based endurance surface material".
一般而言，使用通用的石膏板製造裝置，製造在由石膏硬化體形成的板狀的主材或芯材的表背面覆蓋紙部件而成的石膏系耐力面材(包含“石膏板”、“強化石膏板”及“結構用石膏板”)。石膏板製造裝置，例如國際公開公報WO2019/058936中所記載，具有混合器，用於對燒石膏、黏合輔助劑、硬化促進劑、泡沫(或泡劑)等的原料，以及燒石膏的漿化所需的混合水進行混合，調製成石膏漿。漿石膏漿灌注在石膏板製造裝置的輸送帶上的石膏板原紙(底紙)上並鋪開，在將石膏板原紙(頂紙)疊放在石膏漿上。且，對該形成的帶狀3層結構的連續疊層體，使用構成石膏板製造裝置的粗切斷裝置、強製幹燥裝置、裁斷裝置等的各裝置進行加工，形成規定尺寸的石膏製品，即石膏漿的硬化體(即石膏芯)的兩面覆蓋有石膏板用原紙的石膏系面材。石膏系面材的比重，主要依靠石膏漿中的泡沫的混合量進行調節。Generally speaking, a gypsum-based endurance surface material (including "gypsum board", "reinforced gypsum board" and "structural gypsum board") is manufactured by covering the front and back surfaces of a plate-shaped main material or core material formed of a hardened gypsum body with a paper component using a general gypsum board manufacturing device. The gypsum board manufacturing device, such as described in the International Publication WO2019/058936, has a mixer for mixing raw materials such as calcined gypsum, an adhesive auxiliary agent, a hardening accelerator, foam (or foaming agent), and the mixing water required for calcined gypsum slurry to prepare gypsum slurry. The slurry gypsum slurry is poured on the gypsum board base paper (bottom paper) on the conveyor belt of the gypsum board manufacturing device and spread, and then the gypsum board base paper (top paper) is stacked on the gypsum slurry. The continuous laminated body of the three-layer strip structure is processed by various devices such as a rough cutting device, a forced drying device, and a cutting device constituting a gypsum board manufacturing device to form a gypsum product of a specified size, that is, a gypsum surface material in which both sides of the hardened body of gypsum slurry (i.e., gypsum core) are covered with gypsum board base paper. The specific gravity of the gypsum surface material is mainly adjusted by the mixing amount of foam in the gypsum slurry.
關於作為耐力面材採用JIS A 6901中規定的結構用石膏板、強化石膏板及(普通)石膏板的木結構耐力牆，若例示上述建設省公告第1100號中規定的木造軸架結構的大牆結構的面材耐力牆的牆倍率，如下所示。Regarding a wood structure resistance wall using structural gypsum board, reinforced gypsum board and (ordinary) gypsum board specified in JIS A 6901 as a resistance surface material, the wall ratio of the surface material resistance wall of a large wall structure of a wooden frame structure specified in the above-mentioned Ministry of Construction Notice No. 1100 is as follows.
結構用石膏板(A種) 1.7 結構用石膏板(B種) 1.2 強化石膏板 0.9 (普通)石膏板 0.9 Structural gypsum board (type A) 1.7 Structural gypsum board (type B) 1.2 Reinforced gypsum board 0.9 (Ordinary) gypsum board 0.9
另外，若例示上述國土交通省公告第1541號中規定的框架壁工法耐力牆的牆倍率(縱框相互間距超過50cm的耐力牆)，如下所示。In addition, the wall ratio of the frame wall construction method resistance wall stipulated in the above-mentioned Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Announcement No. 1541 (resistance wall with a vertical frame distance exceeding 50 cm) is shown as follows.
結構用石膏板(A種) 1.7 結構用石膏板(B種) 1.5 強化石膏板 1.3 (普通)石膏板 1.0 Structural gypsum board (type A) 1.7 Structural gypsum board (type B) 1.5 Reinforced gypsum board 1.3 (Ordinary) gypsum board 1.0
如上所述，建設省或國土交通省的公告中規定的牆倍率的值，是無需個別進行性能試驗即可採用的值。然而，作為耐力面材的有效性被認可的結構用石膏板、強化石膏板及(普通)石膏板，限定於具有12mm以上的板厚的石膏板。因此，作為耐力面材若希望有效使用新素材‧組成的面材或板厚不足12mm的石膏系面材的情形下，或是採用與以上例示的值不同的牆倍率的情形下，則需要實施所述的性能試驗來確定牆倍率的值。As mentioned above, the values of the wall ratios specified in the announcements of the Ministry of Construction or the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism are values that can be adopted without individual performance tests. However, the structural gypsum board, reinforced gypsum board, and (ordinary) gypsum board that are recognized as effective as endurance surface materials are limited to gypsum boards with a board thickness of 12 mm or more. Therefore, if you want to effectively use a surface material composed of a new material or a gypsum surface material with a board thickness of less than 12 mm as an endurance surface material, or if you want to use a wall ratio different from the values exemplified above, it is necessary to conduct the above-mentioned performance test to determine the value of the wall ratio.
如上所述，JIS A 6901中規定的該結構用石膏板及強化石膏板要求面密度9.4kg/m 2以上且比重0.75以上的物性。這一點被認為是為了增大面材可承受的最大負荷，確保木結構耐力牆具有較高的短期容許剪切耐力(即，高牆倍率)所需的重要條件。尤其是，在以發揮比強化石膏板更高的釘側面抵抗為條件的結構用石膏板中，這樣的面密度及比重被認為是不可能降低的事項。即，確保面密度9.4kg/m 2以上、比重0.75以上的物性被認為是進一步增大在該面內剪切試驗中獲得的耐力牆試驗體(木結構耐力牆)的牆倍率所必要的條件。然而，近年的本發明者等的實驗證實了在透過添加無機系纖維或有機系強度強化材而達到與結構用石膏板相匹敵的物性(釘側面抵抗)的石膏系面材中，倘若透過降低面材的板厚或調節泡沫量來降低石膏芯的比重，由此降低面密度，則面材本身潛在持有的韌性或變形追隨性會顯在化，其結果，能夠有效利用耐力牆的極限耐力且增大耐力牆的塑性率，從而能夠進一步提高耐力牆的短期容許剪切耐力。關於這一點專利文獻3中雖已詳細記載，但以下將對木結構耐力牆的面內剪切試驗的概要進行說明，同時，關於耐力牆的極限耐力的增大引起的耐力牆的塑性率的增大，以及隨之產生的耐力牆的短期容許剪切耐力及牆倍率的提高，以其一般事項作為參考進行說明。 As described above, the structural gypsum board and reinforced gypsum board specified in JIS A 6901 require physical properties of a surface density of 9.4 kg/ m2 or more and a specific gravity of 0.75 or more. This is considered to be an important condition required to increase the maximum load that the surface material can bear and ensure that the wood structure resistance wall has a higher short-term allowable shear resistance (i.e., a high wall ratio). In particular, in the structural gypsum board that is conditioned to exert a higher nail side resistance than reinforced gypsum board, such a surface density and specific gravity are considered to be impossible to reduce. In other words, ensuring the physical properties of a surface density of 9.4 kg/ m2 or more and a specific gravity of 0.75 or more is considered to be a necessary condition for further increasing the wall ratio of the resistance wall test body (wood structure resistance wall) obtained in the in-plane shear test. However, experiments conducted by the inventors of the present invention in recent years have confirmed that, in gypsum-based face materials that have achieved physical properties (nail side resistance) comparable to those of structural gypsum boards by adding inorganic fibers or organic strength reinforcing materials, if the specific gravity of the gypsum core is reduced by reducing the board thickness of the face material or adjusting the amount of foam, thereby reducing the surface density, the potential toughness or deformation tracking properties of the face material itself will become apparent, and as a result, the ultimate endurance of the endurance wall can be effectively utilized and the plasticity rate of the endurance wall can be increased, thereby further improving the short-term allowable shear endurance of the endurance wall. Although this point is described in detail in Patent Document 3, the following will explain the outline of the in-plane shear test of the wood structure resistance wall. At the same time, the increase in the plasticity rate of the resistance wall caused by the increase in the ultimate resistance of the resistance wall, and the resulting increase in the short-term allowable shear resistance and wall ratio of the resistance wall will be explained as a reference.
[關於木結構耐力牆的面內剪切試驗的試驗體] 圖3是示出在圖1所示的耐力牆結構體的相關面內剪切試驗中使用的耐力牆試驗體的結構的正面圖、橫剖面圖及側面圖。 [Test body for in-plane shear test of wood-structured endurance wall] FIG. 3 is a front view, a cross-sectional view, and a side view showing the structure of the endurance wall test body used in the in-plane shear test of the endurance wall structure shown in FIG. 1 .
在圖3中，對與圖1及圖2所示的結構要素或結構部件相當或相應的耐力牆試驗體的結構要素或結構部件，賦予相同的參照符號。In FIG3 , the same reference symbols are given to the structural elements or structural components of the endurance wall test body that are equivalent to or correspond to the structural elements or structural components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
本發明者等按照“木造耐力牆及其倍率性能試驗･評價業務方法書”中記載的試驗體規格，作為圖1所示的耐力牆結構的試驗體，製作具有圖3所示的耐力牆結構的壁寬1820mm、高度2730mm的耐力牆試驗體(以下簡稱為“試驗體”。)，並使用無載荷式試驗裝置實施了面內剪切試驗。The inventors of the present invention prepared a resistance wall test body having a wall width of 1820 mm and a height of 2730 mm (hereinafter referred to as the "test body") having the resistance wall structure shown in FIG. 3 as a test body of the resistance wall structure shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with the test body specifications described in the "Business Method for Testing and Evaluation of Wooden Resistance Walls and Their Ratio Performance", and carried out an in-plane shear test using a no-load testing device.
圖3所示的試驗體具有由剖面105×105mm的杉木製材的基座2及柱子3、被柱子3支撐的剖面180×105mm的花旗松製材的橫構件5構成的木造軸架的主要結構部。在柱子3間的中央部，立設有剖面45×105mm的杉木製材的接續中間柱4’，在柱子3與接續中間柱4’之間，立設有剖面27×105mm的杉木製材的間柱4。杉木製材或花旗松製材的體連接件5’被架設在柱子3與中間柱4之間，並被架設在間柱4與接續中間柱4’之間。作為試驗用治具，緊固金屬件40被配設在基座2及柱子3的接合部，並被配設在橫構件5及柱子3的接合部。基座2、柱子3、接續中間柱4’、中間柱4、橫構件5及體連接件5’構成耐力牆結構的軸材，由這些部件(軸材)形成矩形的軸架。The test body shown in FIG3 has a main structure of a wooden axis frame consisting of a base 2 and a column 3 made of cedar wood with a cross section of 105×105 mm, and a cross member 5 made of Douglas fir wood with a cross section of 180×105 mm supported by the column 3. A connecting middle column 4' made of cedar wood with a cross section of 45×105 mm is erected in the center between the columns 3, and a spacer 4 made of cedar wood with a cross section of 27×105 mm is erected between the column 3 and the connecting middle column 4'. A body connector 5' made of cedar wood or Douglas fir wood is installed between the column 3 and the middle column 4, and between the spacer 4 and the connecting middle column 4'. As a test jig, a fastening metal member 40 is provided at the joint between the base 2 and the column 3, and at the joint between the cross member 5 and the column 3. The base 2, the column 3, the connecting middle column 4', the middle column 4, the cross member 5 and the body connecting member 5' constitute the shaft of the endurance wall structure, and these components (axles) form a rectangular shaft frame.
在圖3所示的試驗體中，基座2及橫構件5的垂直分離距離h1、體連接件5’的高度h2、橫構件5相對於體連接件5’的相對高度h3分別欸設定為h1=2625mm、h2=1790mm、h3=835mm，柱子3及接續中間柱4’的間距(柱芯間距)w1被設定為w1=910mm，牆的長度L被設定為1.82m。面材10被體連接件5’上下分割，下側的面材10a具有寬度910mm、高度1820mm的尺寸，配置在上側的面材10b具有寬度910mm、高度865mm的尺寸。面材10a、10b的重疊部分的尺寸h4、h5被設定為30mm。In the test body shown in FIG3 , the vertical separation distance h1 between the base 2 and the cross member 5, the height h2 of the body connector 5′, and the relative height h3 of the cross member 5 relative to the body connector 5′ are set to h1=2625mm, h2=1790mm, and h3=835mm, respectively. The distance w1 between the column 3 and the connecting middle column 4′ (column core distance) is set to w1=910mm, and the length L of the wall is set to 1.82m. The surface material 10 is divided into upper and lower parts by the body connector 5′, and the surface material 10a on the lower side has a size of 910mm in width and 1820mm in height, and the surface material 10b arranged on the upper side has a size of 910mm in width and 865mm in height. The dimensions h4 and h5 of the overlapping portions of the surface materials 10a and 10b are set to 30 mm.
在圖3所示的試驗體中，用於將面材10a、10b固定於基座2、柱子3、接續中間柱4’、橫構件5及體連接件5’上的釘子20，以等間距(間距S1=75mm)被排列在面材10a、10b的緣部帶域全周。用於將面材10a、10b固定於中間柱4上的釘子20，以等間距(間距S2=150mm)被排列在面材10a、10b的垂直中央帶域。In the test body shown in FIG3 , the nails 20 used to fix the surface materials 10a and 10b to the base 2, the column 3, the connecting middle column 4', the cross member 5 and the body connecting member 5' are arranged at equal intervals (interval S1 = 75 mm) around the edge band of the surface materials 10a and 10b. The nails 20 used to fix the surface materials 10a and 10b to the middle column 4 are arranged at equal intervals (interval S2 = 150 mm) in the vertical center band of the surface materials 10a and 10b.
[關於木結構耐力牆的短期容許剪切耐力及牆倍率的說明(本發明的前提)] 圖4是以使用任意的石膏系耐力面材的面內剪切試驗的試驗結果作為參考的說明用的圖表及線圖，在圖4中，將透過面內剪切試驗通常獲得的負荷-變形角曲線作為包絡線(以實線表示)顯示。參照圖4，對木結構耐力牆的面內剪切試驗進行說明，同時對木結構耐力牆的短期容許剪切耐力及牆倍率的求出方法進行說明。 [Explanation of the short-term allowable shear resistance and wall ratio of a wood structure resistance wall (premise of the present invention)] Figure 4 is a graph and a line chart for explanation with reference to the test results of an in-plane shear test using an arbitrary gypsum-based resistance surface material. In Figure 4, the load-deformation angle curve usually obtained through the in-plane shear test is displayed as an envelope (indicated by a solid line). Referring to Figure 4, the in-plane shear test of a wood structure resistance wall is explained, and at the same time, the method for calculating the short-term allowable shear resistance and wall ratio of the wood structure resistance wall is explained.
圖4中，以單點鏈線示出將負荷-變形角曲線的包絡線變換成完全彈塑性模式的負荷-變形角特性的線形圖。完全彈塑性模式由表示初期剛性K的線形彈性域的一次函數直線(Y=KX)、及從降伏點σs平行於X軸延伸的塑性變形域(塑性域)的直線(Y=Pu)構成。降伏點σs表示彈性極限。初期剛性K是表示彈性域的一次函數直線(Y=KX)的傾斜的係數。由包絡線、X軸及X=δu的各線段包圍的區域的線圖上的面積與由X軸、Y=KX、Y=Pu及X=δu的各線段所包圍的區域的線圖上的面積為等值。在此，將包絡線轉換成完全彈塑性模式的方法被記載於"木造耐力牆及其倍率性能試驗･評價業務方法書"等多個文獻中，屬於材料力學的公知事項，因此省略詳述。In Fig. 4, a line graph of the load-deformation angle characteristics converted from the envelope of the load-deformation angle curve to the fully elastic-plastic mode is shown by a single-point link. The fully elastic-plastic mode is composed of a linear function line (Y=KX) of the linear elastic domain representing the initial stiffness K, and a line (Y=Pu) of the plastic deformation domain (plastic domain) extending parallel to the X-axis from the yield point σs. The yield point σs represents the elastic limit. The initial stiffness K is the coefficient of the inclination of the linear function line (Y=KX) representing the elastic domain. The area of the region enclosed by the envelope, the X-axis, and the line segments of X=δu is equal to the area of the region enclosed by the X-axis, Y=KX, Y=Pu, and the line segments of X=δu. Here, the method of converting the envelope into a completely elastic-plastic mode is described in many documents such as "Wooden Endurance Wall and Its Rate Performance Test and Evaluation Business Method Book", and is a well-known matter in material mechanics, so detailed description is omitted.
圖4中示出了最大耐力Pmax、0.8Pmax負荷降低域、極限耐力Pu、降伏耐力Py、極限變位δu、降伏點變位δv及降伏變位δy。極限變位δu及降伏點變位δv分別是0.8Pmax負荷降低域及降伏點σs的變形角的值。降伏變位δy是降伏耐力Py顯現時的變形角的值。另外，塑性率μ是極限變位δu/降伏點變位δv的值(比率)。當負荷(耐力)在最大耐力Pmax顯現後降低到0.8Pmax時，認為牆體實質上喪失了其耐力，面內剪切試驗在0.8Pmax負荷下降域中實質上會結束。FIG4 shows the maximum endurance Pmax, the 0.8Pmax load reduction domain, the ultimate endurance Pu, the yield endurance Py, the ultimate displacement δu, the yield point displacement δv, and the yield displacement δy. The ultimate displacement δu and the yield point displacement δv are the values of the deformation angle of the 0.8Pmax load reduction domain and the yield point σs, respectively. The yield displacement δy is the value of the deformation angle when the yield endurance Py appears. In addition, the plasticity μ is the value (ratio) of the ultimate displacement δu/yield point displacement δv. When the load (endurance) is reduced to 0.8Pmax after the maximum endurance Pmax appears, it is considered that the wall has substantially lost its endurance, and the in-plane shear test will substantially end in the 0.8Pmax load reduction domain.
如“木造軸架工法住宅的容許應力度設計[1](2017年版)”的第63頁及第300頁(非專利文獻1)等多個技術文獻中所記載，牆倍率是基於由圖4所示的完全彈塑性模式確定的耐力Pmax、Pu、Py及變位δu、δv、δy算出短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)，並除以規定耐力(壁長L(m)×1.96(kN/m))的值。即，牆倍率是短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)除以該基準數值(1.96L)並進行指數化的值。As described in many technical documents such as "Allowable Stress Design for Timber Frame Construction Houses" [1] (2017 edition) on pages 63 and 300 (non-patent document 1), the wall ratio is a value obtained by dividing the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) calculated from the resistances Pmax, Pu, Py and displacements δu, δv, δy determined by the fully elastic-plastic model shown in Figure 4 by the specified resistance (wall length L (m) × 1.96 (kN/m)). In other words, the wall ratio is an indexed value obtained by dividing the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) by the reference value (1.96L).
關於這一點進一步進行說明，在算出牆倍率時，原則上以下述4種耐力的值中表示最小值的耐力作為短期基準剪切耐力(P0)，並將短期基準剪切耐力(P0)乘以規定的降低係數(α)(reduction coefficient,評價耐力降低的要因的係數)。一般而言，石膏系耐力面材的情況，下述(1)或(2)的耐力，即，降伏耐力(Py)或極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')表示最小的值。且，由以下各耐力值(Py、Pu、Pmax)求出的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)的值，是以下值乘以偏差係數(coefficient of variation)(β)的值。To further explain this point, when calculating the wall ratio, in principle, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) is taken as the resistance that represents the minimum value among the following four resistance values, and the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) is multiplied by the prescribed reduction coefficient (α) (reduction coefficient, a coefficient for evaluating the factor of resistance reduction). Generally speaking, in the case of gypsum-based resistance surface materials, the resistance of (1) or (2), that is, the yield resistance (Py) or the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') represents the minimum value. And, the value of the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) calculated from the following resistance values (Py, Pu, Pmax) is the value obtained by multiplying the following value by the coefficient of variation (β).
(1)降伏強度(Py) (2)基於塑性率(μ)校正的極限耐力(Pu)的值(以下稱之為“極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')”。) (3)最大耐力(Pmax)的2/3的值 (4)剪切變形角=1/120rad時的耐力(無載荷式或載荷式的情形) (1) Yield strength (Py) (2) The value of the ultimate yield strength (Pu) corrected based on the plasticity ratio (μ) (hereinafter referred to as "ultimate yield strength (corrected value) (Pu')".) (3) The value of 2/3 of the maximum yield strength (Pmax) (4) The yield strength when the shear deformation angle = 1/120rad (in the case of no load or load type)
一般而言，以固定部件將該結構用石膏板(專利文獻2)固定在木結構牆基底而成的耐力牆的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)，根據以上4種耐力值中的降伏耐力(Py)而確定(P0=β×Py)。如上所述，牆倍率是短期基準剪切耐力(P0)乘以降低係數(α)，並除以規定的耐力(1.96L)的值，因此，以固定部件將結構用石膏板固定於木結構牆基底固定而成的耐力牆之牆倍率與降伏耐力(Py)成比例。Generally speaking, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) of the resistance wall formed by fixing the structural gypsum board (Patent Document 2) to the base of the wood structure wall with a fixing component is determined based on the yield resistance (Py) among the above four resistance values (P0=β×Py). As mentioned above, the wall ratio is the value obtained by multiplying the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) by the reduction coefficient (α) and dividing it by the specified resistance (1.96L). Therefore, the wall ratio of the resistance wall formed by fixing the structural gypsum board to the base of the wood structure wall with a fixing component is proportional to the yield resistance (Py).
另一方面，專利文獻3中記載的石膏系面材，即，以固定部件將該低密度石膏系耐力面材固定於木結構牆基底上而成的耐力牆的短期基準剪切耐力(P0)，通常表示該4種耐力值中的極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')最小的值，因此，用於算出牆倍率的短期基準剪切耐(P0)及牆倍率不同於結構用石膏板，與極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')成比例。在低密度石膏系耐力面材中，作為其預期外的低密度化的效果，面密度降低會導致石膏系耐力面材潛在持有的韌性及變形追隨性的顯在化，由此，耐力牆的極限變位(δu)會增大，而獲得大於20×10 -3rad的值的極限變位(δu)，其結果，將專利文獻3的低密度石膏系耐力面材固定於木結構牆基底而成的耐力牆可發揮出大於7.6kN的極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')。從而，低密度石膏系耐力面材，如上所述，即使面密度相較於結構用石膏板有所降低，也能夠發揮出與結構用石膏板同等的耐力。 On the other hand, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) of the gypsum surface material described in Patent Document 3, i.e., the resistance wall formed by fixing the low-density gypsum resistance surface material to the base of the wooden structure wall with fixing components, generally represents the minimum value of the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') among the four resistance values. Therefore, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio used to calculate the wall ratio are different from those of the structural gypsum board and are proportional to the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu'). In the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material, as an unexpected effect of low density, the surface density is reduced, which leads to the manifestation of the toughness and deformation tracking properties that the gypsum-based endurance surface material has latently. As a result, the limit displacement (δu) of the endurance wall is increased, and the limit displacement (δu) is greater than 20× 10-3 rad. As a result, the endurance wall formed by fixing the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material of Patent Document 3 to the base of the wooden structural wall can exert a limit endurance (corrected value) (Pu') greater than 7.6kN. Therefore, as described above, the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material can exert the same endurance as the structural gypsum board even if the surface density is lower than that of the structural gypsum board.
極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')是根據極限耐力(Pu)及塑性率(μ)，並利用下式求出的值，短期基準剪切耐力(P0)是根據極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')及其測定值的偏差係數(β)，並利用下式求出的值。The ultimate proof strength (corrected value) (Pu') is a value obtained by the following formula based on the ultimate proof strength (Pu) and the plasticity rate (μ), and the short-term reference shear proof strength (P0) is a value obtained by the following formula based on the ultimate proof strength (corrected value) (Pu') and the coefficient of deviation (β) of the measured value.
Pu'=Pu×0.2×(2μ-1)1/2 P0=β×Pu' Pu'=Pu×0.2×(2μ-1)1/2 P0=β×Pu'
即，在降低面密度而使面材本身潛在持有的韌性或變形追隨性顯在化的專利文獻3的石膏系耐力面材(即，低密度石膏系強度面材)中，耐力牆的極限變位(δu)增大到大於20×10 -3rad的值，其結果，塑性率μ(=δu/δv)會增大且極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')也增大，由此，短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)會增大，從而牆倍率增大。本發明者等為了進一步增大短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)及牆倍率，對面材的固定結構及塑性率μ進行了進一步研究，結果發現變更釘子20的尺寸、形狀，可使初期剛性增大而塑性率μ增大，從而達成了本發明。以下，就這一點進行說明。 That is, in the gypsum-based endurance surface material (i.e., low-density gypsum-based strength surface material) of Patent Document 3, which reduces the surface density and makes the potential toughness or deformation tracking of the surface material itself apparent, the limit displacement (δu) of the endurance wall increases to a value greater than 20× 10-3 rad, and as a result, the plasticity μ (=δu/δv) increases and the limit endurance (corrected value) (Pu') also increases, thereby increasing the short-term allowable shear endurance (Pa) and the wall ratio. In order to further increase the short-term allowable shear endurance (Pa) and the wall ratio, the inventors of the present invention have further studied the fixing structure and plasticity μ of the surface material, and found that changing the size and shape of the nails 20 can increase the initial rigidity and increase the plasticity μ, thereby achieving the present invention. This point is explained below.
[關於釘子20的尺寸．形狀] 在將石膏系耐力面材固定於木結構的軸架或框架上而成的歷來的木造耐力牆中，一般而言，石膏系耐力面材透過NZ50釘子(鍍層圓鐵釘:JIS A 5508)被固定在軸架或框架上。NZ50釘子具有頭徑6.6mm、體徑2.75mm及釘子的長度50mm的尺寸(JIS A 5508)，頭面積/體剖面積之比η為5.76。在使用由這種釘子將低密度石膏系耐力面材固定於木結構的軸架或框架上而成的木結構耐力牆的試驗體進行面內剪切試驗時，如專利文獻3所述，極限變位(δu)會增大，其結果，極限耐力(校正值)(Pu')、短期基準剪切耐力(P0)及牆倍率也增大。然而，在該面內剪切試驗中，由於作用於試驗體上的反復施力會使釘孔破損，而造成衝剪現象，隨之產生的石膏系耐力面材的衝孔破損會導致試驗體的耐力急劇降低到Pu=0.8Pmax，由此，確認到面內剪切試驗結束的特性乃至特徵。因此認為，若不抑制打釘部分的破損或斷裂、抑制石膏系耐力面材的衝孔破損，就難以進一步增大短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)及牆倍率。另外，如專利文獻1中記載的面材加強方法那樣，透過在打釘部分配設金屬板等的加強材或加固材，或許也能夠抑制或減輕衝孔破損，但如上所述，附加或配設這種加強材或加固材，使招致建設工程的作業性惡化的要因。 [About the size and shape of nail 20] In conventional wooden resistance walls where gypsum-based resistance surface materials are fixed to axles or frames of wooden structures, the gypsum-based resistance surface materials are generally fixed to the axles or frames using NZ50 nails (plated round iron nails: JIS A 5508). NZ50 nails have dimensions of head diameter 6.6 mm, body diameter 2.75 mm, and nail length 50 mm (JIS A 5508), and the ratio of head area/body cross-sectional area η is 5.76. When a test body of a wood structure resistance wall formed by fixing a low-density gypsum resistance surface material to a wooden structure frame or frame with such nails is subjected to an in-plane shear test, as described in Patent Document 3, the limit displacement (δu) increases, and as a result, the limit resistance (corrected value) (Pu'), the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio also increase. However, in this in-plane shear test, the repeated force acting on the test body causes the nail hole to break, resulting in a punching shear phenomenon. The punching damage of the gypsum resistance surface material caused the resistance of the test body to drop sharply to Pu = 0.8Pmax, thereby confirming the characteristics and even features of the end of the in-plane shear test. Therefore, it is considered that if the damage or breakage of the nailing part is not suppressed and the punching damage of the gypsum-based resistance surface material is not suppressed, it will be difficult to further increase the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) and the wall ratio. In addition, as in the surface material reinforcement method described in Patent Document 1, by arranging reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials such as metal plates at the nailing part, punching damage may be suppressed or reduced, but as mentioned above, adding or arranging such reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials is a factor that causes the workability of the construction project to deteriorate.
圖5是關於構成本發明的實施例的耐力牆的釘子20及構成比較例的耐力牆的釘子N1、N2，對頭徑D、體徑d、長度L及頭面積/體剖面積之面積比η進行比較的圖表。釘子20的頭徑D、體徑d、長度L及頭面積/體剖面積之面積比η的值如上所述。釘子N1是作為NZ50釘子(JIS A 5508)在市場流通的鐵釘，圖5所示的值(頭徑D=6.62mm，體徑d=2.83mm，頭面積/體剖面積之面積比η=5.48)是對市場入手的任意的10根NZ50釘子的各部分尺寸進行測量，並對各測量值進行平均的值，與JIS A 5508規定的值略有不同。釘子N2是作為CN50釘子(JIS A 5508)在市場流通的鐵釘，圖5所示的值(頭徑D=6.67mm，體徑d=2.92mm，頭面積/體剖面積之面積比η=5.2)也是對市場入手任意的10根CN50釘子的各部分尺寸進行測量，並對各測量值進行平均的值，與JIS A 5508規定的值略有不同。在此，釘子20、N1、N2的長度L均為約50mm。Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the head diameter D, body diameter d, length L, and head area/body cross-sectional area ratio η of the nail 20 constituting the endurance wall of the embodiment of the present invention and the nails N1 and N2 constituting the endurance wall of the comparative example. The values of the head diameter D, body diameter d, length L, and head area/body cross-sectional area ratio η of the nail 20 are as described above. The nail N1 is an iron nail circulated in the market as an NZ50 nail (JIS A 5508). The values shown in FIG5 (head diameter D = 6.62 mm, body diameter d = 2.83 mm, head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η = 5.48) are obtained by measuring the dimensions of various parts of 10 random NZ50 nails purchased in the market and averaging the measured values. They are slightly different from the values specified in JIS A 5508. The nail N2 is an iron nail circulated in the market as a CN50 nail (JIS A 5508). The values shown in FIG5 (head diameter D = 6.67 mm, body diameter d = 2.92 mm, head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η = 5.2) are also the values obtained by measuring the dimensions of each part of 10 random CN50 nails purchased on the market and averaging the measured values, which are slightly different from the values specified in JIS A 5508. Here, the length L of the nails 20, N1, and N2 is about 50 mm.
圖6是關於使用釘子N1的耐力牆(比較例1)及使用釘子N2的耐力牆(比較例2)，對面內剪切試驗的試驗結果進行對比的圖表及線圖。圖7是關於使用釘子20的耐力牆(本發明的實施方式)及使用釘子N1的耐力牆(比較例3)，對面內剪切試驗的試驗結果進行對比的圖表及線圖。實施方式及比較例1～3的石膏系耐力面材10均是由混有規定量的無機纖維(玻璃纖維)及有機系強度強化材(澱粉)的平板狀石膏芯(石膏芯材)11、及覆蓋石膏芯的兩面的石膏板用原紙(紙部件)12構成的如前所述的低密度石膏系耐力面材，具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度、6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度及500N以上的釘側面抵抗。 Fig. 6 is a graph and a line graph comparing the test results of the in-plane shear test for the endurance wall using the nail N1 (Comparative Example 1) and the endurance wall using the nail N2 (Comparative Example 2). Fig. 7 is a graph and a line graph comparing the test results of the in-plane shear test for the endurance wall using the nail 20 (an embodiment of the present invention) and the endurance wall using the nail N1 (Comparative Example 3). The gypsum-based endurance surface materials 10 of the implementation method and comparison examples 1 to 3 are all low-density gypsum-based endurance surface materials as described above, which are composed of a flat gypsum core (gypsum core material) 11 mixed with a specified amount of inorganic fiber (glass fiber) and an organic strength reinforcing material (starch), and a gypsum board base paper (paper component) 12 covering both sides of the gypsum core, and have a surface density in the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 , a compressive strength of more than 6.5 N/ mm2 , and a nail side resistance of more than 500 N.
圖6所示的試驗結果表明，本發明者等確認到，在石膏系耐力面材的情形下，粗釘(圓筒直徑d大於比較例1的比較例2)未必在抑制衝孔破損上有效(因此，在提高短期容許剪力耐力(Pa)及牆倍率方面也未必有利)。另外，圖7所示的試驗結果表明，本發明者等確認到，在石膏系耐力面材的情形下，透過適當地設定頭徑D、體徑d、及頭面積/體剖面積的比η，能夠抑制或減輕石膏系耐力面材的衝孔破損，能夠較大程度地改善短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)及牆倍率。以下，就這一點參照圖6及圖7進行說明。The test results shown in FIG6 show that the inventors of the present invention have confirmed that, in the case of gypsum-based endurance surface materials, rough nails (comparative example 2 with a cylinder diameter d greater than that of comparative example 1) may not be effective in suppressing punching damage (and therefore may not be beneficial in improving the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) and wall ratio). In addition, the test results shown in FIG7 show that the inventors of the present invention have confirmed that, in the case of gypsum-based endurance surface materials, by appropriately setting the head diameter D, the body diameter d, and the ratio η of the head area/body cross-sectional area, the punching damage of the gypsum-based endurance surface materials can be suppressed or reduced, and the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) and wall ratio can be improved to a large extent. This point will be explained below with reference to FIG6 and FIG7.
一般認為，釘子N2(比較例2)的頭徑D及體徑d，相較於釘子N1(比較例1)的頭徑D及體徑d較大，因此，在抑制或減輕衝孔破損方面有利，與體徑d相對較小的釘子N1(細釘)相比，剪切耐力更優異。然而，在壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增加的低密度石膏系耐力面材的情形下，如圖6所示，表明釘子N2的短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)反而會降低(因此，降低牆倍率)。其原因在於，在面內剪切試驗中，衝剪現象發生的較早，衝孔破損引發的打釘部分的破損或斷裂，而導致耐力(負荷)會較早地降低到Pu=0.8Pmax(極限變位δuB＜δuA)，牆體實質上喪失了其耐力。It is generally believed that the head diameter D and body diameter d of nail N2 (Comparative Example 2) are larger than those of nail N1 (Comparative Example 1), and therefore, it is advantageous in suppressing or reducing punch hole damage, and has better shear resistance than nail N1 (thin nail) with a relatively small body diameter d. However, in the case of low-density gypsum-based resistance surface materials with increased compressive strength and nail side resistance, as shown in Figure 6, it is shown that the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) of nail N2 is reduced (therefore, the wall ratio is reduced). The reason is that in the in-plane shear test, the impact shear phenomenon occurs earlier, and the punching damage causes the damage or fracture of the nailing part, which causes the endurance (load) to drop to Pu=0.8Pmax (limit displacement δuB＜δuA) earlier, and the wall actually loses its endurance.
另一方面，對使用釘子20的本實施例的耐力牆與使用釘子N1的比較例3的耐力牆進行比較時，如圖7所示，釘子20的體徑d比起釘子N1(比較例3)的體徑d較小，是一般認為剪切耐力不及N1的細釘，然而，在壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增大的低密度石膏系耐力面材的情形下，以往的認識或見解未必恰當，如圖7所示，與釘子N1相比，釘子20可增大短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)(因此，增大牆倍率)。這被認為是由於頭面積/體剖面積之面積比η的不同，釘子20的體徑d及頭徑D的直徑差擴大，其結果可延遲衝剪現象的產生，延遲衝孔破損引發的打釘部分的破損或斷裂造成的耐力(負荷)降低(Pu=0.8Pmax)的時期，而使極限變位增大(δuE＞δuC)的結果。On the other hand, when the stress-bearing wall of the present embodiment using the nail 20 is compared with the stress-bearing wall of the comparative example 3 using the nail N1, as shown in FIG7, the body diameter d of the nail 20 is smaller than the body diameter d of the nail N1 (comparative example 3), and it is generally believed that the shear resistance of the nail 20 is not as good as that of the thin nail N1. However, in the case of low-density gypsum-based stress-bearing surface materials with increased compressive strength and nail side resistance, the previous understanding or opinion may not be appropriate. As shown in FIG7, compared with the nail N1, the nail 20 can increase the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) (therefore, increase the wall ratio). This is believed to be due to the difference in the area ratio η of the head area/body cross-sectional area, which increases the diameter difference between the body diameter d of the nail 20 and the head diameter D, which can delay the occurrence of the impact shear phenomenon and the period of reduction in the endurance (load) (Pu=0.8Pmax) caused by the damage or fracture of the nailing part caused by the punching hole damage, thereby increasing the limit displacement (δuE＞δuC).
因此，分別將頭徑D及體徑d設定為7.07mm及2.45mm，並將頭面積/體剖面積設定為8.32。由此，透過擴大頭部21與體部22的直徑差，充分確保落座於低密度石膏系耐力面材的表面的環狀且平坦的落座面21b(參照圖2)，能夠有效地增大使用了壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增大的低密度石膏系耐力面材的耐力牆1的短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)(從而可有效增大牆倍率)。然而，認為不僅要考慮頭部21與體部22的直徑差的擴大，還要考慮以下條件。Therefore, the head diameter D and the body diameter d are set to 7.07 mm and 2.45 mm, respectively, and the head area/body cross-sectional area is set to 8.32. Thus, by increasing the diameter difference between the head 21 and the body 22, the annular and flat seating surface 21b (refer to FIG. 2 ) that is seated on the surface of the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material is fully ensured, and the short-term permissible shear resistance (Pa) of the endurance wall 1 using the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material with increased compression strength and nail side resistance can be effectively increased (thereby effectively increasing the wall ratio). However, it is considered that not only the increase in the diameter difference between the head 21 and the body 22, but also the following conditions should be considered.
(1)考慮到可抑制面材10在打釘時因釘子的***作用而破裂的現象的同時，適合用於打釘機的釘子的頭徑D，將頭徑D設定為10mm以下，優選為9mm以下。 (2)為了抑制衝剪現象並減輕衝孔破損的作用，將頭徑D設定為6mm以上，優選設定為6.8mm以上。 (3)為了抑制面材10在打釘時因釘子的***作用而破裂的現象的同時，抑制在面內剪切試驗時發生面材的斷邊現象，將體徑d設定為5mm以下，優選為4.2mm以下。 (4)為了抑制在面內剪切試驗時發生過大的釘子彎曲變形，將體徑d設定為2mm以上，優選為2.2mm以上。 (5)為了抑制頸部23的強度極度降低，將頭面積/體剖面積的比η設定為13以下，優選為11以下。 (6)為了確保抑制衝剪現象的效果，將頭面積/體剖面積的比η設定為6以上，優選設定為7以上。 (1) Considering that the surface material 10 can be prevented from being broken by the insertion of the nail during nailing, the head diameter D of the nail suitable for the nailing machine is set to 10 mm or less, preferably 9 mm or less. (2) In order to suppress the punching shear phenomenon and reduce the effect of punching damage, the head diameter D is set to 6 mm or more, preferably 6.8 mm or more. (3) In order to suppress the surface material 10 from being broken by the insertion of the nail during nailing and to suppress the edge breakage of the surface material during the in-plane shear test, the body diameter d is set to 5 mm or less, preferably 4.2 mm or less. (4) In order to suppress excessive nail bending deformation during the in-plane shear test, the body diameter d is set to 2 mm or more, preferably 2.2 mm or more. (5) In order to suppress the extreme decrease in the strength of the neck 23, the head area/body cross-sectional area ratio η is set to 13 or less, preferably 11 or less. (6) In order to ensure the effect of suppressing the impact shear phenomenon, the head area/body cross-sectional area ratio η is set to 6 or more, preferably 7 or more.
如上所述，在使用壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增大的低密度石膏系耐力面材的耐力牆1中，將頭徑D、體徑d及頭面積/體剖面積的比η設定成適當的數值範圍內的值，由此，能夠抑制頭部21(釘頭)擠入面材10中，抑制或減輕衝剪現象的同時，透過抑制打釘時可能產生的面材10的龜裂等，能夠有效地增大耐力牆1的短期容許剪切耐力(Pa)(從而可有效地增大牆倍率)。尤其是，在石膏系耐力面材10的情形下，必須以頭部21與面材表面齊平(成為一個面)，並且面材10的被覆材(石膏板用原紙)12不破損或損傷的方式進行打釘，尤其在頭部21具有過大的頭徑D的情形下，使頭部21的頂面21a與面材10的表面齊平時，容易發生面材10龜裂的現象(上述(1))，因此，在避免這種現象的意義上，與頭徑D、體徑d及頭面積/體剖面積的比η的相關的上述設定也重要。As described above, in the resistance wall 1 using a low-density gypsum-based resistance surface material with increased compressive strength and nail side resistance, the head diameter D, the body diameter d, and the ratio η of the head area/body cross-sectional area are set to values within an appropriate numerical range, thereby being able to suppress the head 21 (nail head) from squeezing into the surface material 10, suppressing or reducing the impact shear phenomenon, while suppressing the cracking of the surface material 10 that may occur during nailing, and effectively increasing the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) of the resistance wall 1 (thereby effectively increasing the wall ratio). In particular, in the case of a gypsum-based resistance surface material 10, nailing must be performed in a manner such that the head 21 is flush with the surface of the surface material (forming one plane) and the covering material (gypsum board base paper) 12 of the surface material 10 is not damaged or damaged. In particular, when the head 21 has an excessively large head diameter D, when the top surface 21a of the head 21 is flush with the surface of the surface material 10, the surface material 10 is prone to cracking (the above (1)). Therefore, in order to avoid this phenomenon, the above-mentioned settings related to the head diameter D, the body diameter d and the ratio η of the head area/body cross-sectional area are also important.
[關於壓縮強度增大所致的初期剛性增大，及短期容許剪切耐力Pa與牆倍率的增大] 本發明者認識到，透過使用具有如上所述的規定尺寸及形狀的釘子20，將壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增加的低密度的耐力面材10固定於木結構的軸架或框架上，可增加耐力牆1的短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率，本發明者還認識到，當隨著壓縮強度的增加面材的初期剛性也增加時，也能夠進一步增大耐力牆1的短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率。即，透過使用具有規定尺寸及形狀的該釘子20的同時使用壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增大的低密度的耐力面材10，不僅能夠抑制或減輕衝剪現象，還能夠使面材的初期剛性增大而使塑性率μ增大，作為兩者的相乘效果，能夠有效果或有效率地增大短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率。以下，關於耐力面材10的初期剛性隨著壓縮強度的增大而增大的作用，以及由此引發的短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率的增大進行說明。 [Regarding the increase in initial rigidity due to the increase in compressive strength, and the increase in short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio] The inventors of the present invention have recognized that by fixing a low-density resistance surface material 10 with increased compressive strength and nail side resistance to the axle frame or frame of a wood structure using nails 20 having the specified size and shape as described above, the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio of the resistance wall 1 can be increased. The inventors of the present invention have also recognized that when the initial rigidity of the surface material increases with the increase in compressive strength, the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio of the resistance wall 1 can also be further increased. That is, by using the nail 20 having a specified size and shape and the low-density endurance surface material 10 with increased compression strength and nail side resistance, not only can the impact shear phenomenon be suppressed or reduced, but the initial rigidity of the surface material can also be increased to increase the plasticity rate μ. As a multiplication effect of the two, the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio can be effectively or efficiently increased. The following is an explanation of the effect of the initial rigidity of the endurance surface material 10 increasing with the increase of compression strength, and the increase of the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio caused by this.
如上所述，透過將澱粉、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸等有機系強度強化材與無機纖維一通投進石膏漿料混煉用混合器，使石膏漿料中含有適量的有機系強度強化材及無機纖維，能夠增加石膏系耐力面材10的壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗。在石膏漿中混合該有機系強度強化材是確保較低的面密度(6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度)的同時使石膏系耐力面材10具有所期望的壓縮強度(6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度)，並透過與無機纖維的協同作用而使石膏系耐力面材10具有所期望的釘側面抵抗(500N以上的釘側面抵抗)的有效手段，加之，從混合有機系強度強化材對於石膏系耐力面材的品質整體並無大影響的這一點考慮，也不失為一種簡單且現實性或實務性的有效手段。 As described above, by adding starch, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and other organic strength reinforcing materials and inorganic fibers into a gypsum slurry mixing mixer, the gypsum slurry contains an appropriate amount of organic strength reinforcing materials and inorganic fibers, which can increase the compressive strength and nail side resistance of the gypsum-based endurance surface material 10. Mixing the organic strength reinforcing material into the gypsum slurry is an effective means to ensure a lower surface density (surface density within the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 ) while making the gypsum-based endurance surface material 10 have the desired compressive strength (compressive strength of more than 6.5 N/ mm2 ), and through the synergistic effect with inorganic fibers, the gypsum-based endurance surface material 10 has the desired nail side resistance (nail side resistance of more than 500 N). In addition, considering that the mixing of the organic strength reinforcing material has no significant impact on the overall quality of the gypsum-based endurance surface material, it is also a simple, realistic or practical and effective means.
另外，如下所述，本發明者等最近的實驗表明，耐力面材10的壓縮強度的增大有助於耐力牆1的初期剛性K的增大，由此，可以在耐力牆的極限變位δu無大幅降低的形成下，使其降伏點變位δv降低，其結果，能夠使耐力牆1的塑性率μ有較大提高。In addition, as described below, recent experiments by the inventors have shown that an increase in the compressive strength of the endurance surface material 10 helps to increase the initial stiffness K of the endurance wall 1. As a result, the yield point displacement δv of the endurance wall can be reduced without significantly reducing the ultimate displacement δu of the endurance wall. As a result, the plasticity μ of the endurance wall 1 can be greatly improved.
本發明者等將圖8的圖表所示的參考例1～4及比較例4的石膏系耐力面材製作成試驗體，並使用無載荷式試驗裝置實施了面內剪切試驗。圖8所示的無機纖維及有機系強度強化材的混合量，以每100重量部的燒石膏的重量部表示。比較例4的石膏系耐力面材，如上所述，是由混有規定量的無機纖維(玻璃纖維)及有機系強度強化材(澱粉)的平板狀石膏芯(石膏芯材)、及覆蓋石膏芯的兩面的石膏板用原紙(紙部件)構成的面材，均具有約7.4～約8.7kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度，與歷來的石膏系耐力面材(專利文獻4)相比，其具有木結構耐力牆的極限變位δu及塑性率μ增大、短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率也增大的性能。然而，參考例1～4及比較例4的石膏系耐力面材，並非是使用本發明的釘子20，而是使用歷來的釘子N1(NZ50釘子)被固定在基座2、柱子3、間柱4、接續中間柱4’、橫構件5及體連接件5’(圖3所示的木造軸架)上。這是為了抹去因使用釘子20所產生的效果或影響，從而僅對耐力面材10的壓縮強度增大而引發的耐力牆1的初期剛性K的增大(因此，耐力牆1的塑性率μ的增大)與隨之產生的短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率的增大進行評價。另外，在圖8及圖9中表示其性能的耐力牆並不具備使用本發明的釘子20將耐力面材10固定於木質軸架上的結構，因此，作為參考例1～4顯示於圖8及圖9中。 The inventors of the present invention prepared test bodies of the gypsum-based strength-bearing surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 shown in the graph of Fig. 8 and conducted an in-plane shear test using a no-load test apparatus. The mixing amounts of the inorganic fiber and organic strength-reinforcing material shown in Fig. 8 are expressed in parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of calcined gypsum. The gypsum-based resistance surface material of Comparative Example 4, as described above, is a surface material composed of a flat gypsum core (gypsum core material) mixed with a specified amount of inorganic fiber (glass fiber) and an organic strength reinforcing material (starch), and a gypsum board base paper (paper component) covering both sides of the gypsum core, both of which have a surface density in the range of about 7.4 to about 8.7 kg/ m2 . Compared with the conventional gypsum-based resistance surface material (patent document 4), it has the performance of increasing the limit deformation δu and plasticity μ of the wood structure resistance wall, and also increasing the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio. However, the gypsum-based endurance face materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 are not fixed to the base 2, column 3, intermediate column 4, connecting intermediate column 4', cross member 5 and body connection member 5' (wooden axle frame shown in FIG3) using the conventional nail N1 (NZ50 nail) instead of the nail 20 of the present invention. This is to eliminate the effect or influence caused by the use of the nail 20, so as to evaluate only the increase in the initial rigidity K of the endurance wall 1 (therefore, the increase in the plasticity μ of the endurance wall 1) caused by the increase in the compressive strength of the endurance face material 10 and the resulting increase in the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio. 8 and 9 show the performance of the endurance wall does not have the use of the nail 20 of the present invention to fix the endurance surface material 10 on the wooden frame structure, therefore, as reference examples 1 to 4 are shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.
參照圖8及圖9所示的試驗結果，參考例1～4及比較例4的各試驗體的試驗結果，當幾乎達到變形角=20×10 -3rad的前後達到最大負荷(最大耐力)Pmax(圖3)之後，不會立即破損，經過後續的反復施力，達到0.8Pmax負荷降低域的變形角，即，極限變位δu1～δu5(圖9)，而極限變位δu1～δu5是約為30×10 -3rad程度的變形角。這意味著，參考例1～4及比較例4的各試驗體達到最大負荷(最大耐力)Pmax之後，直到產生相當於最大負荷Pmax時的變形角之大概1.5倍程度的變形角為止，透過後續的反復施力而持續其塑性變形。這種塑性變形的持續性，如上所述，被認為是因為保持作為石膏系耐力面材的最低限度的物性(釘側面抵抗:500N以上)的同時使面密度降低，從而使石膏板本身潛在持有的韌性及變形追隨性顯在化所致。 Referring to the test results shown in FIG8 and FIG9, the test results of each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 show that after reaching the maximum load (maximum endurance) Pmax (FIG3) around the deformation angle = 20× 10-3 rad, it will not be immediately damaged. After subsequent repeated force application, the deformation angle in the load reduction range of 0.8Pmax, that is, the limit displacement δu1~δu5 (FIG9), is reached. The limit displacement δu1~δu5 is a deformation angle of about 30× 10-3 rad. This means that after reaching the maximum load (maximum endurance) Pmax, each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 continued to deform plastically by repeated force application until a deformation angle of about 1.5 times the deformation angle at the maximum load Pmax was generated. As mentioned above, the continuity of this plastic deformation is considered to be due to the fact that the surface density is reduced while maintaining the minimum physical properties as a gypsum-based endurance surface material (nail side resistance: 500N or more), thereby making the toughness and deformation tracking properties that the gypsum board itself has latently manifested.
另一方面，若對參考例1～4及比較例4的各壓縮強度等進行對比，比較例4的石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度為6.0N/mm 2，相較於參考例1～4的石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度(6.5N/mm 2以上)而言較低，比較例4的石膏系耐力面材相較於參考例1～4的石膏系耐力面材而言，可見其短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率相對降低。 On the other hand, if the compressive strengths of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 are compared, the compressive strength of the gypsum-based resistance surface material of Comparative Example 4 is 6.0 N/mm 2 , which is lower than the compressive strength of the gypsum-based resistance surface material of Reference Examples 1 to 4 (above 6.5 N/mm 2 ). It can be seen that the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio of the gypsum-based resistance surface material of Comparative Example 4 are relatively lower than those of the gypsum-based resistance surface material of Reference Examples 1 to 4.
[關於耐力面材的壓縮強度的測定] 在圖10中，概略性地示出石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度測定方法。 [About the measurement of the compressive strength of the bearing surface material] Figure 10 schematically shows the method for measuring the compressive strength of the gypsum bearing surface material.
本發明者等進行的石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度的測定中，如圖10所示，將實施例、參考例及比較例的石膏系耐力面材切斷成4cm×4cm的尺寸的平板，並於實施例、參考例及比較例中製作了複數個試驗片101，對複數個相同的試驗片101並未進行黏接，而是將由4個試驗片疊層而成的試驗片疊層體100***到測定裝置的上下的載荷板102、103之間。然後，由上下的載荷桿104向試驗片疊層體100施加垂直方法的壓縮負荷Fv(及反作用力Rv)，以使由該石膏硬化體構成的主材或芯材，即試驗片101的石膏芯部分發生破損，並測定破損時的壓縮負荷Fv。作為測量裝置，使用了精密萬能試驗機(島津製作所製造的“Autograph”，型號:AG-10NKI)。本發明者等測定了構成試驗片疊層體100的任意一個試驗片101發生壓縮破損時的壓縮負荷Fv，並將該測定值除以試驗片100的面積(16cm 2)所獲得的值確定為各石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度。 In the measurement of the compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface material conducted by the inventors of the present invention, as shown in Figure 10, the gypsum-based endurance surface material of the embodiment, reference example and comparative example was cut into flat plates of 4 cm×4 cm in size, and a plurality of test pieces 101 were prepared in the embodiment, reference example and comparative example. The plurality of identical test pieces 101 were not bonded together, but a test piece stack body 100 formed by stacking four test pieces was inserted between the upper and lower load plates 102, 103 of the measuring device. Then, a compressive load Fv (and a reaction force Rv) is applied vertically to the test piece stack 100 by upper and lower load rods 104, so that the main material or core material composed of the gypsum hardened body, that is, the gypsum core part of the test piece 101, is broken, and the compressive load Fv at the time of the breakage is measured. As a measuring device, a precision universal testing machine ("Autograph" manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model: AG-10NKI) is used. The inventors measured the compressive load Fv when any one of the test pieces 101 constituting the test piece stack 100 was compressively broken, and divided the measured value by the area (16 cm 2 ) of the test piece 100 to determine the compressive strength of each gypsum-based bearing surface material.
如上所述確定的參考例1～4及比較例4的石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度如圖8所示。如圖8所示，參考例1～4及比較例4的石膏系耐力面材的初期剛性K大致對應於壓縮強度的增減而變化，透過提高壓縮強度，能夠使初期剛性K的值增大。另外，如圖8所示，能夠透過初期剛性K的增減使塑性率μ變化，進而使極限耐力(校正值)Pu'及短期容許剪切耐力Pa的值發生變化。根據參考例1～4的諸特性，透過使石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度增大到6.5N/mm 2以上的值，如圖8所示，能夠獲得7.8kN以上的值的極限耐力(校正值)Pu'(5.85kN以上的短期容許剪切耐力Pa)。 The compressive strength of the gypsum-based bearing surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 determined as described above is shown in FIG8. As shown in FIG8, the initial rigidity K of the gypsum-based bearing surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 changes roughly in accordance with the increase or decrease of the compressive strength, and by increasing the compressive strength, the value of the initial rigidity K can be increased. In addition, as shown in FIG8, the plasticity rate μ can be changed by increasing or decreasing the initial rigidity K, thereby changing the value of the ultimate resistance (corrected value) Pu' and the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa. According to the characteristics of Reference Examples 1 to 4, by increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum-based bearing surface material to a value above 6.5N/ mm2 , as shown in Figure 8, an ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) Pu' (short-term allowable shear bearing capacity Pa of 5.85kN or more) can be obtained.
即，參考例1～4的石膏系耐力面材具有6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度，因隨之產生的初期剛性K的增大及降伏點變位δv的降低，可獲得較高的塑性率μ，其結果，參考例1～4的試驗體的極限耐力(校正值)Pu'及短期容許剪切耐力Pa為Pu'=7.8～11.9kN、Pa=5.85～8.92，上述值與比較例4的試驗體的極限耐力(校正值)(=7.62kN)及短期容許剪切耐力Pa(=5.72kN)相比，是顯著增大的值。另外，假設為降低係數α=0.75、偏差係數β=1.0時，參考例1～4的試驗體的牆倍率為1.64～2.50，相對於比較例4的試驗體的牆倍率(1.60)而言,由顯著增大。換言之，認為由於耐力面材10的壓縮強度的增大，耐力牆1的初期剛性K增大，其結果，在耐力牆的極限變位δu並無大幅降低的情形下，降伏點變位δv會降低，從而，耐力牆1的塑性率μ(=δu/δv)會有較大幅度的增大，並且，短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率也會增大。 That is, the gypsum-based bearing surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 have a compressive strength of more than 6.5N/ mm2 , and due to the resulting increase in initial stiffness K and decrease in yield point displacement δv, a higher plasticity μ can be obtained. As a result, the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) Pu' and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa of the test bodies of Reference Examples 1 to 4 are Pu'=7.8~11.9kN and Pa=5.85~8.92, which are significantly increased values compared with the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) (=7.62kN) and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa (=5.72kN) of the test body of Comparative Example 4. In addition, assuming that the reduction coefficient α=0.75 and the deviation coefficient β=1.0, the wall ratios of the test bodies of reference examples 1 to 4 are 1.64 to 2.50, which are significantly increased compared to the wall ratio (1.60) of the test body of comparative example 4. In other words, it is considered that due to the increase in the compressive strength of the bearing surface material 10, the initial rigidity K of the bearing wall 1 increases, and as a result, the yield point displacement δv will decrease without a significant decrease in the limit displacement δu of the bearing wall, so that the plasticity μ (=δu/δv) of the bearing wall 1 will increase significantly, and the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio will also increase.
[關於隨著初期剛性K的增大而產生的塑性率μ的增大] 如上所述，極限耐力(校正值)Pu'是基於塑性率μ校正極限耐力Pu而獲得的值，短期容許剪切耐力Pa則是極限耐力(校正值)Pu'乘以規定的降低係數α及偏差係數β而獲得的值，牆倍率是短期容許剪切耐力Pa除以規定的耐力基準值(L×1.96)而獲得的值。因此，牆倍率及短期容許剪切耐力Pa與極限耐力Pu的值成比例，並隨著塑性率μ的增大而增大。塑性率μ是與極限變位δu成比例，而與降伏點變位δv成反比的值，因此，透過使極限變位δu增大，或使降伏點變位δv減小，能夠使牆倍率及短期容許剪切耐力Pa增大。 [Regarding the increase in plasticity μ with the increase in initial rigidity K] As mentioned above, the ultimate proof strength (corrected value) Pu' is the value obtained by correcting the ultimate proof strength Pu based on the plasticity μ, the short-term allowable shear proof strength Pa is the value obtained by multiplying the ultimate proof strength (corrected value) Pu' by the prescribed reduction coefficient α and deviation coefficient β, and the wall ratio is the value obtained by dividing the short-term allowable shear proof strength Pa by the prescribed proof strength standard value (L×1.96). Therefore, the wall ratio and the short-term allowable shear proof strength Pa are proportional to the value of the ultimate proof strength Pu and increase with the increase in the plasticity μ. The plasticity μ is proportional to the limit deformation δu and inversely proportional to the yield point deformation δv. Therefore, by increasing the limit deformation δu or reducing the yield point deformation δv, the wall ratio and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa can be increased.
在圖9中，將參考例1～4及比較例4的各試驗體的試驗結果，表示為完全彈塑性模式的負荷-變形角特性的線形圖。另外，在圖9中，將設定為初期剛性K=2.0kN/10 -3rad的線形彈性域的一次函數直線Y=KX，作為本發明中的初期剛性K的基準線，以雙點鏈線表示。此外，在圖9中，關於參考例1～4及比較例4的各試驗體，示出線形彈性域的一次函數直線Y=K1X～Y=K5X、極限耐力Pu1～Pu5、降伏點σs1～σs5。如圖8所示，參考例1～4的各試驗體的初期剛性，於最小值為K4=2.04kN/10 -3rad，於最大值為K3=2.91kN/10 -3rad。另一方面，比較例4的試驗體的初期剛性為K5=1.94kN/10 -3rad。初期剛性K作為Y=KX的一次函數直線的傾斜而顯示在圖9中，在初期剛性K表示2.0kN/10 -3rad以上的值的參考例1～4的試驗體中，Y=K1-4X的各一次函數直線，作為比初期剛性K=2.0kN/10 -3rad的基準線更陡峭的直線被顯示在圖9中，而在初期剛性K5表示小於2.0kN/10 -3rad的值的比較例4中，Y=K5X的一次函數直線，作為比初期剛性K=2.0kN/10 -3rad的基準線更緩和的直線被顯示在圖9中。即，在壓縮強度增大的參考例1～4的各試驗體中，初期剛性K1-4表示2.0kN/10 -3rad以上的值，其結果，可獲得較小的降伏點變位δv1～δv4，藉由與較大的極限變位δu1～δu4及極限耐力Pu1～Pu4相結合，如圖8所示，可獲得與比較例4更大的極限耐力(校正值)Pu'、短期容許剪切耐力Pa及牆倍率。 In FIG9, the test results of each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 are shown as a line graph of the load-deformation angle characteristics of the complete elastic-plastic mode. In addition, in FIG9, the linear function line Y=KX of the linear elastic domain set to the initial stiffness K=2.0kN/ 10-3 rad is represented as a double-point chain as the reference line of the initial stiffness K in the present invention. In addition, in FIG9, the linear function lines Y=K1X~Y=K5X of the linear elastic domain, the ultimate yield strength Pu1~Pu5, and the yield points σs1~σs5 are shown for each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4. As shown in Fig. 8, the initial rigidity of each test piece of Reference Examples 1 to 4 is K4 = 2.04 kN/10 -3 rad at the minimum value and K3 = 2.91 kN/10 -3 rad at the maximum value. On the other hand, the initial rigidity of the test piece of Comparative Example 4 is K5 = 1.94 kN/10 -3 rad. The initial stiffness K is shown in FIG9 as the inclination of the linear function line Y=KX. In the test pieces of Reference Examples 1 to 4 in which the initial stiffness K shows a value of 2.0 kN/10 -3 rad or more, the linear function lines Y=K1-4X are shown in FIG9 as straight lines steeper than the baseline line of the initial stiffness K=2.0 kN/10 -3 rad, and in Comparative Example 4 in which the initial stiffness K5 shows a value less than 2.0 kN/10 -3 rad, the linear function line Y=K5X is shown in FIG9 as a straight line gentler than the baseline line of the initial stiffness K=2.0 kN/10 -3 rad. That is, in each test body of reference examples 1 to 4 in which the compressive strength is increased, the initial rigidity K1-4 shows a value of 2.0 kN/10 -3 rad or more, and as a result, a smaller yield point displacement δv1 to δv4 can be obtained. By combining with the larger ultimate displacement δu1 to δu4 and the ultimate proof stress Pu1 to Pu4, as shown in FIG8 , a greater ultimate proof stress (corrected value) Pu', short-term allowable shear proof stress Pa and wall ratio than those of comparison example 4 can be obtained.
如圖8及圖9所示，參考例1～4的各試驗體的初期剛性K大於2.0kN/10 -3rad，比較例4的試驗體的初期剛性K小於2.0kN/10 -3rad，參考例1～4的試驗體的降伏點變位δv1～δv4顯著小於比較例4的試驗體的降伏點變位δv5。如圖8所示，由參考例1～4的試驗體所獲得的牆倍率及短期容許剪切耐力Pa，顯著大於由比較例4的試驗體獲得的牆倍率及短期容許剪切耐力Pa的值。認為這是因為塑性率μ隨著降伏點變位δv的降低而增大，從而對於牆倍率及短期容許剪切耐力Pa的增大有較大貢獻的結果。 As shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the initial rigidity K of each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 is greater than 2.0 kN/10 -3 rad, the initial rigidity K of the test body of Comparative Example 4 is less than 2.0 kN/10 -3 rad, and the yield point displacement δv1 to δv4 of the test bodies of Reference Examples 1 to 4 are significantly smaller than the yield point displacement δv5 of the test body of Comparative Example 4. As shown in Fig. 8, the wall ratio and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa obtained from the test bodies of Reference Examples 1 to 4 are significantly greater than the values of the wall ratio and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa obtained from the test body of Comparative Example 4. This is believed to be because the plasticity μ increases with the decrease of the yield point displacement δv, which makes a greater contribution to the increase of the wall ratio and the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa.
如上所述，本實施例的耐力牆1具有以下特徵。 (1)耐力面材10由使用板狀的石膏硬化體形成的主材或芯材、及覆蓋主材或芯材的至少表背面的紙部件構成，其中，該石膏硬化體中混合有無機纖維及有機系強度強化材，以發揮出500N以上的釘側面抵抗並保持6.5N/mm 2以上的壓縮強度。作為壁面的每單位面積的質量而確定的耐力面材10的面密度，被設定為6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的值。在使用這種壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增大的低密度的石膏系耐力面材10形成的耐力牆1中，透過設定成頭徑D在6.0～10.0mm的範圍內、體徑d在2.0～5.0mm的範圍內、頭面積/體剖面積的比η為6～13的範圍內的值，能夠抑制頭部21擠入面材10中，抑制或降低衝剪現象，以及抑制打釘時可能產生的面材10的龜裂，並且，能夠有效增大耐力牆1的短期容許剪切耐力Pa(從而可有效增大牆倍率)。 (2)在使用了如上所述的壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增大的低密度石膏系耐力面材10的耐力牆1中，其極限變位δu例如增大到28.09×10 -3～34.98×10 -3rad，因此，相較於使用歷來的石膏系耐力面材(例如，專利文獻4中記載的石膏系耐力面材)的耐力牆的極限變位δu為20×10 -3rad程度的值的情形而言，耐力牆1的極限變位δu有顯著增大。 (3)在使用了如上所述的壓縮強度及釘側面抵抗增大的低密度石膏系耐力面材10的耐力牆1中，如參考例1～4(圖8及圖9)的耐力牆1的降伏點變位δv1～δv4的相關說明中所述，隨著初期剛性K的增大，降低到6.04×10 -3～6.80×10 -3rad，上述值與比較例4的耐力牆的降伏點變位δv5=7.26×10 -3rad相比是顯著降低的值。即，作為該參考例1～4說明的耐力面材10，不僅是耐力牆1的極限變位δu1～δu4增大而塑性率μ增大，而且耐力牆1的降伏點變位δv1～δv4的降低也會促使塑性率μ增大，因此能夠使牆倍率及短期容許剪切耐力Pa有較大程度的增大。 As described above, the endurance wall 1 of this embodiment has the following characteristics. (1) The endurance surface material 10 is composed of a main material or core material formed by a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body, and a paper member covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or core material, wherein the gypsum hardened body is mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcing materials to exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N and maintain a compression strength of more than 6.5N/ mm2 . The surface density of the endurance surface material 10, which is determined as the mass per unit area of the wall surface, is set to a value within the range of 6.5 to 8.9kg/ m2 . In the resistance wall 1 formed by using the low-density gypsum-based resistance surface material 10 with increased compression strength and nail side resistance, by setting the head diameter D to be in the range of 6.0 to 10.0 mm, the body diameter d to be in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, and the head area/body cross-sectional area ratio η to a value in the range of 6 to 13, it is possible to suppress the head 21 from squeezing into the surface material 10, suppress or reduce the impact shear phenomenon, and suppress the cracking of the surface material 10 that may occur during nailing, and the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa of the resistance wall 1 can be effectively increased (thereby effectively increasing the wall ratio). (2) In the endurance wall 1 using the low-density gypsum endurance surface material 10 having increased compression strength and nail side resistance as described above, its limit displacement δu is increased to, for example, 28.09× 10-3 to 34.98× 10-3 rad. Therefore, compared with the case where the limit displacement δu of the endurance wall using the conventional gypsum endurance surface material (for example, the gypsum endurance surface material described in Patent Document 4) is about 20× 10-3 rad, the limit displacement δu of the endurance wall 1 is significantly increased. (3) In the stress-bearing wall 1 using the low-density gypsum-based stress-bearing surface material 10 having increased compressive strength and nail side resistance as described above, as described in the relevant description of the yield point displacement δv1~δv4 of the stress-bearing wall 1 in reference examples 1~4 (Figures 8 and 9), as the initial rigidity K increases, it decreases to 6.04× 10-3 ~6.80× 10-3 rad, which is a significantly lower value compared with the yield point displacement δv5=7.26× 10-3 rad of the stress-bearing wall in comparison example 4. That is, for the resistance surface material 10 described in reference examples 1 to 4, not only the limit displacement δu1 to δu4 of the resistance wall 1 increases and the plasticity μ increases, but also the reduction of the yield point displacement δv1 to δv4 of the resistance wall 1 also promotes the increase of the plasticity μ, thereby being able to greatly increase the wall ratio and the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa.
以上，就本發明的優選實施方式及實施例進行了詳細說明，但本發明並不限於這些實施方式及實施例，可以在申請專利範圍所記載的本發明範圍內進行各種變形或變更。The preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and examples, and various modifications or changes can be made within the scope of the present invention described in the scope of the patent application.
例如，以上實施方式及實施例涉及木結構建築物的第1層水平的耐力牆，但本發明同樣可適用於第2層或第3層水平的耐力牆。若是第2層或第3層水平的耐力牆，耐力面材的下端部被固定在第2層的地板或第層的地板水平的橫構件等。For example, the above embodiments and examples relate to the first-story horizontal endurance wall of the wooden structure building, but the present invention is also applicable to the second-story or third-story horizontal endurance wall. In the case of the second-story or third-story horizontal endurance wall, the lower end of the endurance surface material is fixed to the horizontal cross member of the second-story floor or the third-story floor.
另外，以上實施方式及實施例涉及木造軸架工法且為大牆結構的耐力牆結構，也可以適用於木造軸架工法的真牆結構或地板優先(地板先行法，floor preceding method)‧大牆結構的耐力牆結構。作為變形例，本發明還可以適用於木造框架壁工法的耐力牆結構，在此情形下，取代基座、柱子及橫構件，可將耐力面材固定於縱框、下框、上框等。In addition, the above embodiments and examples relate to a bearing wall structure of a large wall structure using a wooden axis frame method, and can also be applied to a bearing wall structure of a real wall structure or a floor-first (floor-preceding method, floor preceding method) large wall structure using a wooden axis frame method. As a variation, the present invention can also be applied to a bearing wall structure of a wooden frame wall method, in which case the bearing surface material can be fixed to the vertical frame, lower frame, upper frame, etc. instead of the base, column, and cross member.
另外，圖3所示的試驗體是將石膏板上下分割，並在高度方向的中間位置配設體連接件的結構，此外，還可以使用高度尺寸實質上與木造軸架的全高等同的石膏板來實施面內剪切試驗。後者的情形，被認為可進一步增大短期基準剪切耐力。 [產業上的可利用性] In addition, the test body shown in Figure 3 is a structure in which the gypsum board is divided into upper and lower parts and a body connector is arranged in the middle position in the height direction. In addition, the in-plane shear test can also be implemented using a gypsum board with a height dimension substantially equal to the full height of the wooden frame. In the latter case, it is believed that the short-term standard shear resistance can be further increased. [Industrial Applicability]
本發明適用於木結構建築物的木結構耐力牆及其施工方法。尤其是，本發明適用於，使用金屬製的釘子將透過混合無機纖維及有機系強度強化材而具有6.5～8.9kg/m 2的範圍內的面密度、可發揮出500N以上的釘側面抵抗的板狀石膏硬化體作為主材或芯材的石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架工法或木造框架壁工法的木結構牆基底，並透過木結構牆基底將耐力面材保持為一體性的結構的木結構耐力牆及其施工方法。本發明也適用於使用此類石膏系耐力面材的木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大方法。本發明還適用於由這種木結構耐力牆、及其牆倍率增大方法及施工方法中使用的石膏系耐力面材。根據本發明，無需透過使用具有規定的形狀及尺寸的金屬製的釘子將耐力面材固定在木結構牆基底，來附加安裝加強材或加固材，也無需增大石膏系面材的比重及／或板厚，也無需進一步增大極限變位（δu）的值，也能夠使木結構耐力牆的牆倍率增大的，其實用性價值或效果顯著。 The present invention is applicable to a wood structure resistance wall of a wood structure building and a construction method thereof. In particular, the present invention is applicable to a wood structure resistance wall and a construction method thereof, wherein a gypsum resistance surface material having a surface density in the range of 6.5 to 8.9 kg/ m2 and a nail side resistance of more than 500 N is fixed to a wood structure wall base of a wood frame construction method or a wood frame wall construction method using metal nails, and the resistance surface material is maintained as an integral structure through the wood structure wall base. The present invention is also applicable to a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure resistance wall using such a gypsum resistance surface material. The present invention is also applicable to the gypsum-based endurance surface material used in such a wood-structure endurance wall, and the wall ratio increasing method and construction method thereof. According to the present invention, the wall ratio of the wood-structure endurance wall can be increased without the need to fix the endurance surface material to the wood-structure wall base using metal nails of a prescribed shape and size, to additionally install reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials, and without increasing the specific gravity and/or plate thickness of the gypsum-based surface material, and without further increasing the value of the limit displacement (δu), and the practical value or effect thereof is remarkable.
本國際申請基於2022年7月30日提交的日本專利申請第2022號-122390號情求優先權，並將該申請的全部內容引用於本國際申請中。This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-122390 filed on July 30, 2022, and all the contents of that application are incorporated herein by reference.
1:耐力牆 2:基座 3:柱子 4:中間柱 4’:接續中間柱 5:橫構件(樑、橫樑、簷樑、橫側樑) 5’:體連接件 10、10a、10b:石膏系耐力面材 11:平板狀石膏芯材 (石膏芯材) 12:石膏板用原紙 (紙部件) 20:釘子(固定部件) 21:頭部 21a:頂面 21b:落座面 22:體部 23:頸部 24:前端部 D:頭徑 d:體徑 L:長度 Η:頭面積/體剖面積之面積比 1: Resistance wall 2: Base 3: Column 4: Middle column 4': Connecting middle column 5: Cross member (beam, cross beam, eaves, side beam) 5': Body connector 10, 10a, 10b: Gypsum resistance surface material 11: Flat gypsum core material (gypsum core material) 12: Gypsum board base paper (paper component) 20: Nail (fixing component) 21: Head 21a: Top surface 21b: Seating surface 22: Body 23: Neck 24: Front end D: Head diameter d: Body diameter L: Length Ｈ: Head area/body section area ratio
圖1是示意性地示出本發明的木結構建築物的耐力牆的實施方式的正面圖。 圖2是對使用釘子將石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架上的部分進行局部擴大表示的耐力牆的局部剖面圖及局部剖切斜視圖。 圖3是示出圖1所示的耐力牆結構體的面內剪切試驗中使用的耐力牆試驗體的結構的正面圖、橫剖面圖及側視圖。 圖4是作為參考示出透過任意的木結構耐力牆的面內剪切試驗所獲得的負荷-變形角曲線的包絡線(實線表示)的線圖，是以單點鏈線示出將負荷-變形角曲線的包絡線變換成完全彈塑性模式的負荷-變形角特性的線形圖的圖。 圖5是示出關於構成本發明的實施例的耐力牆的釘子、以及將石膏系耐力面材固定在木造軸架或框架時歷來使用的兩種釘子，對頭徑、體徑及頭面積/體剖面積之面積比進行對比的圖表。 圖6是示出關於圖5所示的使用歷來的兩種釘子(比較例1、2)的木結構耐力牆，對面內剪切試驗的試驗結果進行對比的圖表及線圖。 圖7是示出關於圖5所示的使用歷來的釘子(比較例3)的木結構耐力牆及圖5所示的使用本實施例的釘子的木結構耐力牆，對面內剪切試驗的試驗結果進行對比的圖表及線圖。 圖8是將構成本發明的石膏系耐力面材的物性、組成及耐力試驗結果的作為參考例1～4示出，並示出比較例4的石膏系耐力面材的物性、組成及耐力試驗結果的圖表。 圖9是關於參考例1～4及比較例4，將耐力牆結構體的面內剪切試驗的試驗結果作為完全彈塑性模式的負荷-變形角特性示出的線圖。 圖10是概念性地示出用於測定石膏系耐力面材的壓縮強度的壓縮強度測定方法的壓縮強度試驗裝置的局部正面圖。 FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing an implementation method of the resistance wall of a wood structure building of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view and a partial cut oblique view of the resistance wall showing a partially enlarged portion where a gypsum-based resistance surface material is fixed to a wood frame using nails. FIG. 3 is a front view, a cross-sectional view, and a side view showing the structure of a resistance wall test body used in an in-plane shear test of the resistance wall structure shown in FIG. 1 . FIG. 4 is a line graph showing, as a reference, an envelope of a load-deformation angle curve obtained through an in-plane shear test of an arbitrary wood structure resistance wall (indicated by a solid line), and is a diagram showing a line graph of a load-deformation angle characteristic converted into a completely elastic-plastic mode by a single-point chain. FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the head diameter, body diameter, and head area/body cross-sectional area ratio of the nails constituting the endurance wall of the embodiment of the present invention and two types of nails conventionally used when fixing the gypsum-based endurance surface material to the wooden axle frame or frame. FIG. 6 is a graph and a line graph comparing the test results of the in-plane shear test of the wooden endurance wall shown in FIG. 5 using the two conventional nails (Comparison Examples 1 and 2). FIG. 7 is a graph and a line graph comparing the test results of the in-plane shear test of the wooden endurance wall shown in FIG. 5 using the conventional nails (Comparison Example 3) and the wooden endurance wall shown in FIG. 5 using the nails of the present embodiment. FIG8 is a graph showing the physical properties, composition and endurance test results of the gypsum-based endurance surface material constituting the present invention as reference examples 1 to 4, and the physical properties, composition and endurance test results of the gypsum-based endurance surface material of comparative example 4. FIG9 is a line graph showing the test results of the in-plane shear test of the endurance wall structure as the load-deformation angle characteristics of the complete elastic-plastic mode for reference examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 4. FIG10 is a partial front view of a compression strength test device conceptually showing a compression strength measurement method for measuring the compression strength of a gypsum-based endurance surface material.
2:基座 2: Base
3:柱子 3: Pillars
4:中間柱 4: Middle column
4’:接續中間柱 4’: Connect to the middle post
5:橫構件 5: Horizontal member
10:石膏系耐力面材 10: Gypsum-based endurance surface material
11:石膏芯材 11: Gypsum core material
12:紙部件 12: Paper parts
20:頭部 20: Head
21:釘子 21: Nail
21a:頂面 21a: Top
21b:落座面 21b: Seating surface
22:體部 22: Body
23:頸部 23: Neck
24:前端部 24: Front end
D:頭徑 D: Head diameter
d:體徑 d: Diameter
L:長度 L: Length
Claims (31)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022-122390 | 2022-07-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW202419722A true TW202419722A (en) | 2024-05-16 |
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