TW202409416A

TW202409416A - A monopile for a wind turbine

Info

Publication number: TW202409416A
Application number: TW112117148A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 伯納德斯喬漢尼斯瑪里亞昂茲
Original assignee: 荷蘭商Ｇｂｍ工程知識產權公司
Priority date: 2022-05-10
Filing date: 2023-05-09
Publication date: 2024-03-01
Also published as: NL2031823B1; WO2023217721A1

Abstract

The invention is directed to a monopile for a wind turbine having an upper end and a lower end when positioned and comprising of a tubular lower part extending upwards from the lower end and wherein at the inner side of the tubular lower part injection nozzles are present. The monopile is provided with one or more openings at a higher elevation. The injection nozzles are positioned at a distance from the lower end and directed to inject a flow of water in at least a tangential and an axial direction to wards the lower end.

Description

用於風力渦輪機之單樁Single pile for wind turbines

一種用於一風力渦輪機之單樁，其在經定位時具有一上端及一下端，且包括自該下端向上延伸之一管狀下部分並設置有注射噴嘴，且其中該單樁在一較高高程處設置有一或多個開口。A monopile for a wind turbine, which when positioned has an upper end and a lower end, and includes a tubular lower portion extending upwardly from the lower end and provided with injection nozzles, and wherein the monopile is provided with one or more openings at a higher elevation.

EP3464734B1描述一種用於一風力渦輪機之單樁，其中在管狀單樁之下端處存在可移動尖端之一環。藉由此等尖端之移動，土壤被刮走。亦可在尖端處注射水以便在單樁之壁之內部及外部上產生一水流。此兩項措施使得可在無需或較少使用一振動錘的情況下安裝單樁。EP3464734B1 describes a monopile for a wind turbine, in which a ring of movable tips is present at the lower end of the tubular monopile. By moving the tips, soil is scraped away. Water can also be injected at the tips to generate a water flow on the inside and outside of the wall of the monopile. These two measures make it possible to install the monopile without or with less use of a vibrating hammer.

WO2020/207903描述一種用於一風力渦輪機之單樁，其具有由一環形元件組成之一下端，該環形元件具有用於向上及向下引導之水射流之出口。環形元件進一步設置有振動構件。WO2020/207903 describes a monopile for a wind turbine having a lower end consisting of an annular element with outlets for upwardly and downwardly directed water jets. The ring element is further provided with vibrating members.

WO2019/206690描述一種單樁，其設置有以與單樁之***方向成90度與180度之間的一角度引導之噴嘴。該公開案指出，藉由使噴嘴向上成角度，增強單樁內之土壤之移動。此導致減少下端(被稱為樁尖)下方之一向內軸承故障。樁尖具有一向內錐形設計以將土壤引導至單樁之下部開口端。存在泵抽構件以泵抽掉單樁內之所得懸浮液以減少原本將增加安裝阻力之垂直向下應力。泵抽系統亦可自單樁之一下部區域抽出空氣。由於單樁之一下部區域可自一上部區域封閉，因此可產生一吸取效應以降低單樁內之懸浮液之壓力。WO2019/206690 describes a monopile provided with a nozzle directed at an angle between 90 and 180 degrees to the direction of insertion of the monopile. The disclosure states that by angling the nozzle upwards, the movement of soil within the monopile is enhanced. This results in a reduction in an inward bearing failure below the lower end (referred to as the pile tip). The pile tip has an inward tapered design to direct the soil to the lower open end of the monopile. There is a pumping member to pump out the resulting suspension within the monopile to reduce vertical downward stresses that would otherwise increase installation resistance. The pumping system can also extract air from a lower region of the monopile. Since a lower region of the pile can be closed off from an upper region, a suction effect can be generated to reduce the pressure of the suspended liquid in the pile.

WO2021/228510係在其下端處設置有噴嘴之一單樁之另一實例，且其中一泵抽系統係用於控制該單樁之下端處之一懸浮液壓力。WO2021/228510 is another example of a monopile with a nozzle at its lower end, and a pumping system is used to control a suspension pressure at the lower end of the monopile.

已知用以在一水下河床中打入基樁(諸如單樁)之振動錘，如中WO03/100178所描述。在此方法中，一單樁之一管狀基樁使用夾箝至該基樁之上端之一振動配置穿透海床。該振動配置可重達40噸至50噸且可為如US5653556中所描述之一者。一振動錘之一缺點係對海洋生物產生過多雜訊，且金屬基樁可能因振動錘之應變而損壞。Vibratory hammers are known for driving foundation piles (such as single piles) into an underwater riverbed, as described in WO03/100178. In this method, a tubular foundation pile of a single pile is penetrated through the seabed using a vibratory arrangement clamped to the upper end of the foundation pile. The vibratory arrangement may weigh 40 to 50 tons and may be one such as described in US5653556. A disadvantage of a vibratory hammer is that it generates too much noise for marine life and that the metal foundation pile may be damaged by the strain of the vibratory hammer.

目前技術單樁之一問題係其複雜性。例如，如EP3464734B1及WO2020/207903中所描述，在單樁之下端處之振動構件之存在導致一複雜設計。WO2019/206690及WO2021/228510之單樁由於泵抽構件而複雜。本發明之目的係提供在一海床上安裝一單樁之一更簡單設計及方法。One problem with current state-of-the-art monopiles is their complexity. For example, as described in EP3464734B1 and WO2020/207903, the presence of a vibrating member at the lower end of the monopiles leads to a complex design. The monopiles of WO2019/206690 and WO2021/228510 are complicated by the pumping member. The object of the present invention is to provide a simpler design and method for installing a monopiles on a seabed.

此係藉由用於一風力渦輪機之以下單樁實現。一種用於一風力渦輪機之單樁，其在經定位時具有一上端及一下端且包括自該下端向上延伸之一管狀下部分，且其中在該管狀下部分之內側處存在注射噴嘴，其中該單樁在一較高高程處設置有一或多個開口，且其中該等注射噴嘴定位於距該下端達一定距離處且經引導以在至少一切向及一軸向方向上朝向該下端注射一水流。 This is achieved by a monopile for a wind turbine. A monopile for a wind turbine having an upper end and a lower end when positioned and comprising a tubular lower portion extending upwardly from the lower end, and wherein injection nozzles are present at the inner side of the tubular lower portion, wherein the monopile is provided with one or more openings at a higher elevation, and wherein the injection nozzles are positioned at a distance from the lower end and are directed to inject a water flow towards the lower end in at least a tangential and an axial direction.

申請人已發現，當水自下端之一距離且朝向該下端注射時，如所主張，產生一渦流，此增強將單樁***在一海床之土壤中。藉由自距下端達一定距離處注射水，已發現大部分或甚至全部水保留於單樁中，同時增強單樁至土壤中之穿透。大量水自下端逸出至周圍土壤係不利的，尤其是在較砂質類型之土壤中，因為此水可對單樁周圍之土壤之結構產生負面影響。藉由將如所注射之水保持於單樁內，避免此一逸出。申請人已發現，不需要泵抽構件來實現至土壤中之一所要穿透。而是，多餘水及土壤經由存在於一較高高程處之開口排出。以此方式，單樁內之懸浮液之一壓力將類似於下端處之土壤壓力。此避免水可流動至土壤或水可自土壤流動至單樁之內部。如在先前技術方法中具有一較低懸浮液壓力具有以下缺點：太多土壤進入單樁且因此對單樁之土壤支撐產生負面影響。因此，本發明亦係關於一種單樁，其中不存在用於自單樁內抽出流體之泵抽系統。因此，實現一更簡單設計之單樁。簡單設計容許噴嘴可保持於所安裝之單樁中，從而避免如WO2020/207903中所描述之複雜可拆卸結構。The applicant has found that when water is injected from a distance from the lower end and towards the lower end, as claimed, a vortex is generated, which enhances the insertion of the pile into the soil of a seabed. By injecting the water from a certain distance from the lower end, it has been found that most or even all of the water remains in the pile, while enhancing the penetration of the pile into the soil. The escape of large amounts of water from the lower end into the surrounding soil is disadvantageous, especially in sandier types of soil, because this water can have a negative effect on the structure of the soil surrounding the pile. By retaining the water as injected within the pile, such an escape is avoided. The applicant has found that no pumping means are required to achieve a desired penetration into the soil. Instead, excess water and soil are discharged through openings present at a higher elevation. In this way, a pressure of the suspension liquid in the pile will be similar to the soil pressure at the lower end. This avoids that water can flow into the soil or that water can flow from the soil into the interior of the pile. Having a lower suspension liquid pressure as in prior art methods has the disadvantage that too much soil enters the pile and therefore has a negative impact on the soil support of the pile. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a pile in which there is no pumping system for extracting fluid from the pile. Therefore, a pile of simpler design is achieved. The simple design allows the nozzle to remain in the installed pile, thereby avoiding a complex detachable structure as described in WO2020/207903.

本發明亦係關於一種用於將根據本發明之用於一風力渦輪機之一單樁安裝至由一水體覆蓋之一土壤中的方法，該方法藉由將下端定位於土壤表面上且藉由在具有至少一切向及一軸向方向之一方向上自注射噴嘴朝向下端噴射水，從而導致所噴射水在下端處穿透土壤，以導致水及土壤顆粒之一土壤懸浮液，該土壤懸浮液在單樁內向上盤旋朝向其被排出至水體之一或多個開口。The invention also relates to a method for installing a monopile for a wind turbine according to the invention into soil covered by a body of water, by positioning the lower end on the soil surface and by There is at least one tangential and an axial direction injecting water from the injection nozzle toward the lower end, thereby causing the injected water to penetrate the soil at the lower end to produce a soil suspension of water and soil particles, and the soil suspension is in a single The pile spirals upward towards one or more openings in the body of water which are discharged.

在本申請案中，將引用如上部、下部、上方、下方、水平及垂直之術語。此等術語係用於更清楚地描述單樁在其在(例如)一海床中之安裝定向中。此等術語不應用於將技術方案限於僅在此定向中之一單樁。尤其是在經安裝時將由技術方案描述之經儲存及/或運輸之單樁應被理解為本發明之部分。In this application, terms such as upper, lower, above, below, horizontal and vertical will be referenced. These terms are used to describe more clearly the monopile in its installation orientation, for example in a seabed. These terms should not be used to limit the technical solution to only one single pile in this orientation. In particular monopiles which are stored and/or transported as described in the technical solution when installed are to be understood as part of the invention.

為實現至土壤中之一最佳穿透，已發現，大部分水(較佳地超過80體積百分比、更佳地超過90體積百分比且最佳地全部水)在具有至少一切向及一軸向方向之一方向上朝向下端注射。已發現，不存在如先前技術設計中般將注射噴嘴水平向上引導之額外益處。To achieve an optimal penetration into the soil, it has been found that most of the water (preferably more than 80 volume percent, more preferably more than 90 volume percent and optimally all water) has at least a tangential and an axial direction. Inject in one direction toward the lower end. It has been found that there is no additional benefit of directing the injection nozzle horizontally upwards as in prior art designs.

另外，單樁較佳地不具有將水徑向地引導遠離單樁之噴嘴及/或不具有沿著下部管狀端之外壁表面向上引導水之噴嘴。如上文所闡釋，向管狀下部分周圍之土壤供應一定量之水可能對土壤之支撐結構及因此其將單樁固定於土壤中之能力產生負面影響。Additionally, the monopile preferably has no nozzles that direct water radially away from the monopile and/or no nozzles that direct water upward along the outer wall surface of the lower tubular end. As explained above, supplying a certain amount of water to the soil surrounding the tubular lower portion may have a negative impact on the supporting structure of the soil and therefore its ability to anchor the monopile in the soil.

較佳地，注射噴嘴以與水平線成零度與90度之間且較佳地與水平線成30度與60度之間的一角度引導至下端。方向亦可具有一小向內或向外徑向分量。Preferably, the injection nozzle is directed to the lower end at an angle between zero and 90 degrees to the horizontal and preferably between 30 and 60 degrees to the horizontal. The direction may also have a small inward or outward radial component.

可執行用於將一單樁安裝至由一水體覆蓋之一土壤中之方法以用於將一單樁安裝於海床上。該水體亦可為一湖泊。水之深度(即，水體之高度)較佳地在5 M與100 M之間且更佳地在10 m與50 m之間。當水體之高度低於5 m、較佳地低於10 m時，在單樁內產生之懸浮液柱可對安裝時如存在於單樁之下端處之土壤施加一過高壓力。方法接著可包含自此內部泵抽懸浮液。土壤可為砂質粉土、軟黏土、非常堅硬的黏土或Boom黏土或上述之任何組合。單樁及方法尤其適用於在砂子中之安裝。The method for installing a single pile in a soil covered by a body of water may be performed for installing a single pile on the sea bed. The body of water may also be a lake. The depth of the water (i.e. the height of the body of water) is preferably between 5 and 100 m and more preferably between 10 and 50 m. When the height of the body of water is below 5 m, preferably below 10 m, the column of suspension created within the single pile may exert an excessive pressure on the soil as present at the lower end of the single pile during installation. The method may then comprise pumping the suspension from this interior. The soil may be sandy silt, soft clay, very hard clay or boom clay or any combination of the above. The single pile and the method are particularly suitable for installation in sand.

用於一風力渦輪機之單樁適當地為該風力渦輪機之剛好延伸於水位上方之部分。藉由僅延伸係合適的，意謂在經安裝時在水位上方延伸5 m與20 m之間。在單樁之頂部上，通常安裝一桅桿及一風力渦輪發電機。單樁在土壤中之穿透距離適當地在20 m與50 m之間且較佳地在25 m與40 m之間。A monopile for a wind turbine is suitably the part of the wind turbine that extends just above the water level. By merely extending is suitably meant extending between 5 m and 20 m above the water level when installed. On the top of the monopile, a mast and a wind turbine generator are usually mounted. The penetration distance of the monopile in the soil is suitably between 20 m and 50 m and preferably between 25 m and 40 m.

已發現，噴嘴定位於下端上方之最佳距離係與土壤之類型及自一噴嘴離開之一水射流穿透土壤之能力有關。最佳地，水射流穿透土壤至單樁之下端之層級。以此方式，在此區域中實現一最佳擾動及土壤懸浮液形成以增強單樁至土壤中之穿透，同時避免大量水可逸出至單樁之周圍環境，如上文所闡釋。對於容易穿透的土壤類型(諸如砂子)，此距離將為更高，且對於難以穿透的土壤類型(如黏土)將為更低。距離亦將取決於單樁之下端部分之直徑。對於較大單樁，距離可為更高，因為可能需要注射更多水以導致一更高穿透長度。此外，注射水之角度將影響此距離。當方向與水平線成接近零度時，將選擇一相對較小距離，而當方向變得更向下時，將選擇一更大距離。在將針對其設計單樁之一土壤類型中，藉由量測在設計條件下離開一噴嘴之一射流之一單個穿透深度來容易地判定距離。接著，距離將依據角度及經量測之穿透深度而變化。因此，單樁較佳地經設計用於其將定位之一特定類型之土壤，其中噴嘴與下端之間的距離係由土壤之類型、噴嘴之方向及單樁之下端部分之直徑判定。It has been found that the optimum distance at which the nozzles are positioned above the lower end is related to the type of soil and the ability of a water jet leaving a nozzle to penetrate the soil. Optimally, the water jet penetrates the soil to the level of the lower end of the pile. In this way, an optimum disturbance and soil suspension formation is achieved in this area to enhance the penetration of the pile into the soil, while avoiding that large amounts of water can escape into the surroundings of the pile, as explained above. For easily penetrated soil types (such as sand), this distance will be higher, and for difficult to penetrate soil types (such as clay) it will be lower. The distance will also depend on the diameter of the lower portion of the pile. For larger piles, the distance may be higher, as more water may need to be injected to result in a higher penetration length. Furthermore, the angle at which the water is injected will affect this distance. When the direction is close to zero degrees from the horizontal, a relatively small distance will be selected, while as the direction becomes more downward, a larger distance will be selected. In a soil type for which the pile is to be designed, the distance is readily determined by measuring a single penetration depth of a jet leaving a nozzle under design conditions. The distance will then vary depending on the angle and the measured penetration depth. Therefore, the pile is preferably designed for a specific type of soil in which it is to be located, with the distance between the nozzle and the lower end being determined by the type of soil, the direction of the nozzle and the diameter of the lower portion of the pile.

因此，在本發明之方法中，較佳的是噴射之水未實質上穿透土壤至單樁之下端下方之一層級。此外，較佳的是自注射噴嘴噴射之超過90體積百分比的水係經由一或多個開口排出至水體。Therefore, in the method of the present invention, it is preferred that the water sprayed does not substantially penetrate the soil to a level below the lower end of the pile. In addition, it is preferred that more than 90 volume percent of the water sprayed from the injection nozzle is discharged to the water body through one or more openings.

較佳地，如供應至水注射噴嘴之水之壓力係至少5巴，且較佳地在20巴與300巴之間。壓力可取決於土壤之類型。適當地，對於砂子類型之土壤，此壓力在5巴與50巴之間，且對於黏土類型之土壤，在50巴與300巴之間。砂子及黏土之混合物之水壓可與此等較佳範圍重疊。Preferably, the pressure of the water supplied to the water injection nozzle is at least 5 bar, and preferably between 20 bar and 300 bar. The pressure may depend on the type of soil. Suitably, this pressure is between 5 and 50 bar for sand type soils, and between 50 and 300 bar for clay type soils. The water pressure of a mixture of sand and clay may overlap with these preferred ranges.

如在單樁之下端部分處噴射之水量將適當地取決於土壤類型及單樁之尺寸。對於砂子類型之土壤，一高流量及低水壓係較佳的，而對於黏土類型之土壤，一低流量及高壓力係較佳的。此導致對於一砂子類型之土壤，單樁內之大體上所有土壤以一定體積之流化土壤(即，一懸浮液)存在。對於一黏土類型之土壤，一懸浮液將存在於抵靠內壁之一環形物中且一更緻密的黏土內核將存在於單樁之中心。為給出具有在6公尺與15公尺之間的下端部分之一直徑之一單樁的一指示，一水流量較佳地在10000 l/min與100000 l/min之間。對於一8公尺直徑單樁，此流量可在10000 l/min與30000 l/min之間。The amount of water as sprayed at the lower end portion of the pile will depend appropriately on the soil type and the size of the pile. For sand type soils, a high flow rate and low water pressure are preferred, while for clay type soils, a low flow rate and high pressure are preferred. This results in that for a sand type soil, substantially all of the soil within the pile exists as a volume of fluidized soil (i.e., a suspension). For a clay type soil, a suspension will exist in a ring against the inner wall and a denser clay core will exist in the center of the pile. To give an indication of a pile having a diameter of the lower end portion between 6 and 15 meters, a water flow rate is preferably between 10,000 l/min and 100,000 l/min. For an 8m diameter pile, this flow rate can be between 10,000 l/min and 30,000 l/min.

對於較佳土壤類型砂子，噴嘴定位於下端上方之距離適當地為至少0.01 m、較佳地0.1 m且甚至更佳地0.25 m。對於具有一更大直徑之單樁，最佳距離適當地增加。此係因為所需較高水流將高於可用水噴嘴之增加。因此，每噴嘴將有更多水流動，從而導致一更大穿透長度及因此噴嘴較佳地定位於下端上方的一更大距離。對於較大直徑單樁，噴嘴較佳地定位於下端上方的距離將適當地不超過5 m，較佳地不超過3 m且更佳地不超過2 m。最佳距離將進一步受如上文所描述之一或多種特定土壤類型之穿透深度及噴嘴之角度的影響。此可導致每個項目的單樁設計可能不同。距離經定義為用於噴嘴之水之下端與出口開口之間的軸向距離。For the preferred soil type sand, the nozzle is suitably positioned at a distance above the lower end of at least 0.01 m, preferably 0.1 m and even better 0.25 m. For monopiles with a larger diameter, the optimal distance increases appropriately. This is because the required higher water flow will be higher than the increase in available water nozzles. Therefore, more water will flow per nozzle, resulting in a greater penetration length and therefore the nozzles are preferably positioned a greater distance above the lower end. For larger diameter monopiles, the nozzle will preferably be positioned a distance above the lower end which will suitably be no more than 5 m, preferably no more than 3 m and still more preferably no more than 2 m. The optimal distance will further be affected by the depth of penetration and the angle of the nozzle for one or more specific soil types as described above. This can result in the monopile design being different for each project. The distance is defined as the axial distance between the lower end of the water for the nozzle and the outlet opening.

噴嘴可以任何方式定位於管狀下部分之內側處。較佳地，噴嘴定位成一圓形，使得各噴嘴至下端之距離大約相同。視需要，此等圓形噴嘴列之兩列或更多列可定位於彼此上方。較佳地，噴嘴流體地連接至一圓形導管，該圓形導管連接至管狀下部分之內壁。此導管用作多個噴嘴之一共同集管。圓形導管流體地連接至向上延伸之一或多個流體供應導管。圓形導管可具有任何形狀及橫截面，例如，一圓形、正方形或三角形橫截面。較佳地，導管不具有使得剩餘開口足夠大以用於向上移動之土壤懸浮液之一大尺寸。The nozzles can be positioned in any manner on the inner side of the tubular lower portion. Preferably, the nozzles are positioned in a circle so that the distance from each nozzle to the lower end is approximately the same. Optionally, two or more rows of such circular nozzle rows can be positioned above each other. Preferably, the nozzles are fluidly connected to a circular conduit that is connected to the inner wall of the tubular lower portion. This conduit serves as a common header for multiple nozzles. The circular conduit is fluidly connected to one or more fluid supply conduits extending upward. The circular conduit can have any shape and cross-section, for example, a circular, square or triangular cross-section. Preferably, the conduit does not have a large size that leaves a remaining opening large enough for the soil suspension moving upward.

圓形導管較佳地焊接至管狀下部分之內壁。供應導管可為自一升高位置、較佳地單樁之一上端懸置之高壓導管。此等導管可在單樁之壁外部延伸。較佳地，一或多個流體供應導管焊接至管狀下部分之內壁。The circular conduit is preferably welded to the inner wall of the tubular lower portion. The supply conduit may be a high pressure conduit suspended from an elevated position, preferably from the upper end of a monopile. These conduits may extend outside the wall of the monopile. Preferably, one or more fluid supply conduits are welded to the inner wall of the tubular lower portion.

噴嘴較佳地為經由高壓水導管適當地連接至泵浦之高壓注射噴嘴。此等泵浦較佳地自基樁外部定位，例如，定位於一浮船上。例如，高壓導管可向上延伸至單樁之上端，在上端處，高壓導管連接至經焊接供應導管。The nozzle is preferably a high pressure injection nozzle suitably connected to the pump via a high pressure water conduit. The pumps are preferably positioned externally from the foundation pile, for example on a pontoon. For example, the high pressure conduit may extend upward to the upper end of the monopile where it is connected to the welded supply conduit.

單樁較佳地具有一下部區域及一上部區域，該下部區域在定位於一土壤體中時由該土壤體圍繞，該上部區域在該土壤體上方延伸。一或多個開口存在於上部區域中。此等開口可為一或多個開口，當單樁經安裝時，其等亦用於使電力電纜及風力渦輪機所需的其他連接件穿過。為了使水及土壤之懸浮液自單樁之下端流動至此等開口，在下端與此等一或多個開口之間存在一流體連接。The monopile preferably has a lower region, which is surrounded by a soil mass when positioned in the soil mass, and an upper region, which extends above the soil mass. One or more openings are present in the upper region. These openings may be one or more openings which are also used to pass power cables and other connections required for the wind turbine when the monopile is installed. In order for a suspension of water and soil to flow from the lower end of the monopile to these openings, there is a fluid connection between the lower end and these one or more openings.

上部區域可包括具有比下部區域之管狀部分更小之一直徑之一管狀部分。具有一平頭截錐形狀之一過渡部分接著可定位於具有較小直徑之管狀部分下方。用於一風力渦輪機之一單樁之此一形狀係眾所周知的。The upper region may comprise a tubular portion having a smaller diameter than the tubular portion of the lower region. A transition portion having a truncated pyramidal shape may then be positioned below the tubular portion having the smaller diameter. Such a shape for a single pile of a wind turbine is well known.

單樁具有一下部區域且其中該下部區域較佳地具有一圓柱形且齊平的外表面及一圓柱形且齊平的內表面。此簡化設計。已發現，根據本發明之單樁之穿透不需要如先前技術公開案EP3464734B1、WO2020/207903及WO2019/206690中之特定設計之樁尖。The monopile has a lower region and wherein the lower region preferably has a cylindrical and flush outer surface and a cylindrical and flush inner surface. This simplifies the design. It has been found that penetration of the monopile according to the invention does not require a specifically designed pile tip as in the previous technical publications EP3464734B1, WO2020/207903 and WO2019/206690.

在本發明之方法中，較佳的是在單樁之上端處亦適用一振動錘。申請人已發現，藉由在根據本發明之單樁之下部分處提供水射流且對單樁之上端提供一振動，在許多類型之土壤中實現單樁之一有利穿透。如相較於僅使用一振動錘將單樁打入土壤中時，水射流實現一70%應變降低。應變之減少亦係雜訊降低之一措施。據信，水射流實現單樁之內側處之摩擦之一顯著減少或甚至移除。振動錘適當地存在以減少土壤與單樁之外表面之間的摩擦及樁壁之尖端下方之土壤阻力。In the method of the invention, it is preferred to also apply a vibrating hammer at the upper end of the pile. The applicant has found that by providing a water jet at the lower part of the pile according to the invention and providing a vibration to the upper end of the pile, an advantageous penetration of the pile is achieved in many types of soil. The water jet achieves a 70% strain reduction compared to when the pile is driven into the soil using only a vibrating hammer. The reduction in strain is also a measure of noise reduction. It is believed that the water jet achieves a significant reduction or even removal of friction at the inner side of the pile. The vibrating hammer is appropriately present to reduce the friction between the soil and the outer surface of the pile and the soil resistance below the tip of the pile wall.

振動錘可用作供應導管之上流動端與自泵浦延伸之高壓導管之間的連接，該等泵浦自基樁外部定位，例如，定位於一浮船或一自升式船上。焦急的，此一振動錘及經連接之高壓導管可定位於單樁之上端上，從而導致在高壓導管與單樁內之供應導管之間的一流體連接。亦可使供應導管直接延伸穿過樁之上部分中之一個孔。Vibratory hammers can be used as a connection between the upper flow end of the supply conduit and the high-pressure conduit extending from pumps located from outside the foundation pile, for example, on a floating vessel or a jack-up vessel. Preferably, such a vibratory hammer and the connected high-pressure conduit can be located on the upper end of a single pile, thereby resulting in a fluid connection between the high-pressure conduit and the supply conduit in the single pile. It is also possible to extend the supply conduit directly through a hole in the upper part of the pile.

圖1展示根據本發明之用於一風力渦輪機之一單樁之一橫截面視圖。單樁(1)在經定位時具有一上端(2)及一下端(3)。一管狀下部分(4)自下端(3)向上延伸。在管狀下部分(4)之內側(5)處存在注射噴嘴(6)。單樁(1)在一上部區域(9)中之一較高高程(8)處設置有一開口(7)。注射噴嘴(6)定位於距下端(3)達一定距離(10)處且經引導以在至少一切向及一軸向方向上朝向下端(3)注射一水流，如所展示。所展示之噴嘴(6)以與水平線(11)成45度之一角度引導至下端(3)。下部管狀部分(4)具有自下端(3)延伸之一圓柱形且齊平的外表面(12)。而且，下部管狀部分(4)之內側(5)係與噴嘴(6)自其延伸之一圓形導管(13)分開之一圓柱形且齊平的表面。圓形導管(13)焊接至下部管狀部分(4)之內側(5)。圖1中之圓形導管(13)具有一三角形橫截面且充當用於向噴嘴(6)供應水之一集管。水係由焊接至內壁(5)之一流體供應導管(14)供應。不存在用於自單樁內抽出流體之泵送系統。FIG1 shows a cross-sectional view of a single pile for a wind turbine according to the invention. The single pile (1) has an upper end (2) and a lower end (3) when positioned. A tubular lower part (4) extends upwardly from the lower end (3). An injection nozzle (6) is present at the inner side (5) of the tubular lower part (4). The single pile (1) is provided with an opening (7) at a higher elevation (8) in an upper region (9). The injection nozzle (6) is positioned at a distance (10) from the lower end (3) and is directed to inject a water flow towards the lower end (3) in at least a tangential and an axial direction, as shown. The nozzle (6) shown is directed to the lower end (3) at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal (11). The lower tubular portion (4) has a cylindrical and flat outer surface (12) extending from the lower end (3). Furthermore, the inner side (5) of the lower tubular portion (4) is a cylindrical and flat surface separated from a circular conduit (13) from which the nozzle (6) extends. The circular conduit (13) is welded to the inner side (5) of the lower tubular portion (4). The circular conduit (13) in Figure 1 has a triangular cross-section and serves as a header for supplying water to the nozzle (6). The water is supplied by a fluid supply conduit (14) welded to the inner wall (5). There is no pumping system for extracting fluid from the single pile.

圖2展示安裝於海床(15)上之根據本發明之一單樁(1)。單樁(1)之上部區域(9)包括具有比一下部區域(21)之管狀部分(20)更小之一直徑之一管狀部分(19)及定位於具有較小直徑之管狀部分(19)下方之具有一平頭截錐形狀之一過渡部分(22)。一振動錘(23)附接至單樁(1)之上端(2)。泵浦(24)自單樁(1)外部定位於一浮船(25)上。高壓導管(26)將高壓水輸送至單樁(1)之上端(2)，在上端(2)處，高壓導管(26)連接至經焊接之供應導管(14)。展示用以操作振動錘(23)之進一步液壓導管(27)。Figure 2 shows a monopile (1) according to the invention installed on the seabed (15). The upper region (9) of the monopile (1) includes a tubular portion (19) with a smaller diameter than the tubular portion (20) of the lower region (21) and is positioned on the tubular portion (19) with the smaller diameter. ) has a transition portion (22) in the shape of a truncated cone below. A vibrating hammer (23) is attached to the upper end (2) of the monopile (1). The pump (24) is positioned on a pontoon (25) from outside the monopile (1). The high-pressure conduit (26) delivers high-pressure water to the upper end (2) of the monopile (1). At the upper end (2), the high-pressure conduit (26) is connected to a welded supply conduit (14). A further hydraulic conduit (27) is shown for operating the vibrating hammer (23).

單樁(1)在圖2中安裝於位於由一層砂子(29)、一黏土層(30)及一層更深的砂子(31)組成之一水體(18)下方的一土壤中。在海床處，存在一沖刷保護物(32)以避免單樁周圍之砂子被當地水流沖走。在管狀下部分(4)之內側(5)處，存在注射噴嘴(6)，其在不延伸超出單樁之下端(3)之一注射距離處將水注射至土壤中，如藉由箭頭及十字所繪示。以此方式，實質上所有經注射水保留於單樁內以形成由砂子及黏土以及水組成且具有剛好高於水體(18)之水位之一懸浮液水位(16)之一懸浮液(28)。由於水位之此差異，懸浮液(28)將經由定位於水體(18)之水位(17)下方之開口(7)連續排出。The monopile (1) is installed in Figure 2 in a soil below a body of water (18) consisting of a layer of sand (29), a layer of clay (30) and a deeper layer of sand (31). At the seabed, there is a scour protector (32) to prevent the sand around the monopile from being washed away by local currents. On the inside (5) of the tubular lower part (4) there is an injection nozzle (6) which injects water into the soil at an injection distance that does not extend beyond the lower end (3) of the monopile, as indicated by the arrows and Drawn by a cross. In this way, substantially all of the injected water is retained within the monopile to form a suspension (28) consisting of sand and clay and water and having a suspension level (16) just above the water level of the body of water (18). . Due to this difference in water level, the suspension (28) will be continuously discharged through the opening (7) positioned below the water level (17) of the water body (18).

圖3展示根據圖1之一實驗單樁在一砂質土壤類型河床中之穿透速度之實驗室測試的實驗結果。單樁之長度係2 m。FIG3 shows the experimental results of a laboratory test of the penetration rate of a single pile in a sandy soil type riverbed according to FIG1. The length of the single pile is 2 m.

版本V1在距單樁之下端25 cm之一距離處設置有一注射噴嘴環。該環具有向下及向上垂直引導之注射噴嘴。向上引導之噴嘴具有一切向方向。Version V1 has an injection nozzle ring at a distance of 25 cm from the lower end of the pile. The ring has injection nozzles directed vertically downwards and upwards. The upwards directed nozzle has a tangential direction.

版本V2係如版本V1一樣，除所有噴嘴經引導以在至少一切向及一軸向方向上以與水平線成30度之一角度朝向下端注射一水流之外。Version V2 is the same as Version V1 except that all nozzles are directed to inject a stream of water downwardly at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal in at least one tangential and one axial direction.

版本V3係如版本V2一樣，除所有噴嘴經引導以與水平線成45度之一角度注射一水流除外。Version V3 is the same as Version V2, except that all nozzles are directed to inject a stream of water at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal.

如圖3中可見，當所有水在至少一切向及一軸向方向上朝向下端注射時，穿透速度增加。當角度係45度時，實現最佳結果。未使用振動錘以便僅量測水噴射之效應。可瞭解，當使用一振動錘時，穿透速度將顯著更高。As can be seen in Figure 3, the penetration velocity increases when all water is injected towards the lower end in at least tangential and one axial direction. Best results are achieved when the angle is 45 degrees. No vibrating hammer was used in order to measure only the effect of the water jet. It is understood that when using a vibrating hammer, the penetration speed will be significantly higher.

1:單樁 2:上端 3:下端 4:管狀下部分 5:內側 6:注射噴嘴 7:開口 8:較高高程 9:上部區域 10:距離 11:水平線 12:外表面 13:圓形導管 14:流體供應導管 15:海床 16:懸浮液水位 17:水位 18:水體 19:管狀部分 20:管狀部分 21:下部區域 22:過渡部分 23:振動錘 24:泵浦 25:浮船 26:高壓導管 27:液壓導管 28:懸浮液 29:砂子 30:黏土層 31:砂子 32:沖刷保護物 1: Single pile 2: Upper end 3: Lower end 4: Lower tubular section 5: Inner side 6: Injection nozzle 7: Opening 8: Higher elevation 9: Upper area 10: Distance 11: Horizontal line 12: Outer surface 13: Circular conduit 14: Fluid supply conduit 15: Seabed 16: Suspension level 17: Water level 18: Water body 19: Tubular section 20: Tubular section 21: Lower area 22: Transition section 23: Vibrating hammer 24: Pump 25: Floating vessel 26: High pressure conduit 27: Hydraulic conduit 28: Suspension 29: Sand 30: Clay layer 31: Sand 32: Erosion protection

將藉由下面圖1至圖3繪示本發明。The present invention will be illustrated by the following Figures 1 to 3.

3:下端 3: Lower end

6:注射噴嘴 6: Injection nozzle

7:開口 7: Open your mouth

9:上部區域 9: Upper area

14:流體供應導管 14: Fluid supply conduit

15:海床 15: Seabed

16:懸浮液水位 16: Suspension water level

17:水位 17:water level

18:水體 18:Body of water

19:管狀部分 19: Tubular part

20:管狀部分 20: Tubular part

21:下部區域 21:Lower area

22:過渡部分 22: Transition part

23:振動錘 23:Vibration hammer

24:泵浦 24: Pumping

25:浮船 25: pontoon boat

26:高壓導管 26:High pressure conduit

27:液壓導管 27: Hydraulic conduit

28:懸浮液 28: Suspension

29:砂子 29:Sand

30:黏土層 30: Clay layer

31:砂子 31:Sand

32:沖刷保護物 32: Scouring protection

Claims

一種用於一風力渦輪機之單樁，其在經定位時具有一上端及一下端且包括自該下端向上延伸之一管狀下部分，且其中在該管狀下部分之內側處存在注射噴嘴，其中該單樁在一較高高程處設置有一或多個開口且其中該等注射噴嘴定位於距該下端達一定距離處且經引導以在至少一切向及一軸向方向上朝向該下端注射一水流。 A monopile for a wind turbine which when positioned has an upper end and a lower end and includes a tubular lower portion extending upwardly from the lower end and wherein an injection nozzle is present inside the tubular lower portion, wherein the single pile is provided with one or more openings at a higher elevation and wherein the injection nozzles are positioned at a certain distance from the lower end and are directed to inject a water flow toward the lower end in at least tangential and axial directions.

如請求項1之單樁，其中該等注射噴嘴以與水平線成30度與60度之間的一角度引導至該下端。The monopile of claim 1, wherein the injection nozzles are directed to the lower end at an angle between 30 degrees and 60 degrees to the horizontal.

如請求項1至2中任一項之單樁，其中該等注射噴嘴自該下端定位之距離係在0.25 m與2 m之間。A single pile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the injection nozzles are located at a distance of between 0.25 m and 2 m from the lower end.

如請求項1至2中任一項之單樁，其中該單樁具有一下部區域及一上部區域，該下部區域在定位於一土壤體中時由該土壤體圍繞，該上部區域在該土壤體上方延伸，且其中該一或多個開口存在於該上部區域中。A single pile as in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the single pile has a lower region and an upper region, the lower region being surrounded by a soil body when positioned in the soil body, the upper region extending above the soil body, and wherein the one or more openings are present in the upper region.

如請求項4之單樁，其中該上部區域包括具有比該下部區域之管狀部分更小之一直徑之一管狀部分及定位於具有該較小直徑之該管狀部分下方之具有一平頭截錐形狀之一過渡部分。A single pile as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper region includes a tubular portion having a smaller diameter than the tubular portion of the lower region and a transition portion having a truncated cone shape positioned below the tubular portion having the smaller diameter.

如請求項1至2中任一項之單樁，其中該下部管狀部分具有一圓柱形且齊平的外表面。The monopile of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the lower tubular portion has a cylindrical and flush outer surface.

如請求項6之單樁，其中該單樁之該下部區域及該下端具有一管子之形狀，該管子在其內部在距該下端達該注射距離處設置有該等噴嘴之一環。The monopile of claim 6, wherein the lower region and the lower end of the monopile have the shape of a pipe, and the pipe is provided with a ring of the nozzles inside the pipe at the injection distance from the lower end.

如請求項1至2中任一項之單樁，其中該單樁經設計用於一特定類型之土壤，在該特定類型之土壤中，該單樁將藉由改變該注射距離來定位。A single pile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the single pile is designed for use in a specific type of soil, in which the single pile will be positioned by varying the injection distance.

如請求項1至2中任一項之單樁，其中該等噴嘴流體地連接至一圓形導管，該圓形導管連接至該管狀下部分之該內壁，且其中該圓形導管流體地連接至向上延伸之一或多個流體供應導管。A single pile as in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the nozzles are fluidly connected to a circular conduit, the circular conduit is connected to the inner wall of the tubular lower portion, and wherein the circular conduit is fluidly connected to one or more fluid supply conduits extending upwardly.

如請求項9之單樁，其中該一或多個流體供應導管焊接至該管狀下部分之該內壁。A single pile as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more fluid supply pipes are welded to the inner wall of the tubular lower portion.

如請求項1至2中任一項之單樁，其中不存在用於自該單樁內抽出流體之泵送系統。A monopile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein there is no pumping system for pumping fluid out of the monopile.

一種用於將如請求項1至11中任一項之用於一風力渦輪機之一單樁安裝於由一水體覆蓋之一土壤表面上的方法，該方法藉由將下端定位於該土壤表面上且藉由在具有至少一切向及一軸向方向之一方向上自注射噴嘴朝向該下端噴射水，從而導致該所噴射水在該下端處穿透該土壤，以導致水及土壤顆粒之一土壤懸浮液，該土壤懸浮液在該單樁內向上盤旋朝向其被排出至該水體之一或多個開口。A method for installing a single pile for a wind turbine as in any one of claims 1 to 11 on a soil surface covered by a body of water, the method comprising positioning a lower end on the soil surface and spraying water toward the lower end from an injection nozzle in a direction having at least one tangential and one axial direction, thereby causing the sprayed water to penetrate the soil at the lower end to cause a soil suspension of water and soil particles, the soil suspension swirling upward within the single pile toward one or more openings in the water body where it is discharged.

如請求項12之方法，其中管狀下部分之直徑在6 m與15 m之間且其中自該等注射噴嘴噴射10000 l/min與100000 l/min之間的水。A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the diameter of the tubular lower portion is between 6 m and 15 m and wherein between 10,000 l/min and 100,000 l/min of water is ejected from the injection nozzles.

如請求項12至13中任一項之方法，其中經噴射之該水實質上未穿透該土壤至低於該單樁之該下端之一層級。A method as in any of claims 12 to 13, wherein the sprayed water does not substantially penetrate the soil to a level below the lower end of the pile.

如請求項14之方法，其中自該等注射噴嘴噴射之該水之超過90體積百分比係經由該一或多個開口排出至該水體。The method of claim 14, wherein more than 90 volume percent of the water injected from the injection nozzles is discharged to the body of water through the one or more openings.