TW202404244A - Method of controlling resonant push-pull converter - Google Patents
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本發明係有關一種推挽式轉換器之控制方法,尤指一種具有寬範圍全諧振的諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法。The present invention relates to a control method of a push-pull converter, in particular to a control method of a resonant push-pull converter with wide-range full resonance.
對在線式(on-line)不斷電供電系統(UPS)來說,一般有三種工作模式:在線模式、備份模式和旁路模式。備份供電模式時,由電池通過直流-直流轉換器與逆變器向負載供電。通常由直流-直流轉換器將電池電壓轉換升壓至直流母線所需的電壓值,逆變器再將直流母線的直流電壓轉換成交流電壓輸出。For online (on-line) uninterruptible power supply system (UPS), there are generally three working modes: online mode, backup mode and bypass mode. In the backup power supply mode, the battery supplies power to the load through the DC-DC converter and inverter. Usually, a DC-DC converter converts and boosts the battery voltage to the voltage required by the DC bus, and then the inverter converts the DC voltage of the DC bus into an AC voltage for output.
受單一電池的電壓值所限,UPS系統中的電池組一般採用串聯供電的模式。此外,為了提高系統的可靠性,所串電池數量一般都較少,因而導致電池組輸出電壓值較低。相較於半橋及全橋架構的轉換器,推挽式(push-pull)轉換器具有相對較低的導通損耗。Limited by the voltage value of a single battery, battery packs in UPS systems generally use series power supply mode. In addition, in order to improve the reliability of the system, the number of batteries in the string is generally small, resulting in a low output voltage value of the battery pack. Compared with half-bridge and full-bridge architecture converters, push-pull converters have relatively low conduction losses.
為了提高UPS系統的功率密度,提高電源系統的工作頻率是必然的選擇。然而,為了使電源系統能以較高的開關頻率工作,必須降低開關損耗。此外,由於蓄電池本身提供電能寶貴且有限,因此對所供電系統的效率要求相對較高。現行市售UPS系統所採用的直流-直流轉換器,例如推挽式轉換器多屬於功率開關硬切(hard switching)模式,因切換損失,使得整體轉換效率差。基於以上原因,對各種軟切(soft switching)電路的研究變得十分重要。In order to improve the power density of the UPS system, increasing the operating frequency of the power supply system is an inevitable choice. However, in order for the power system to operate at higher switching frequencies, switching losses must be reduced. In addition, since the electric energy provided by the battery itself is precious and limited, the efficiency requirements for the power supply system are relatively high. DC-DC converters used in current commercially available UPS systems, such as push-pull converters, mostly belong to the hard switching mode of power switching. Due to switching losses, the overall conversion efficiency is poor. Based on the above reasons, the research on various soft switching circuits has become very important.
因此,如何設計出一種諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法,解決現有技術所存在的問題與技術瓶頸,乃業界的重要課題。Therefore, how to design a control method for a resonant push-pull converter to solve the problems and technical bottlenecks of the existing technology is an important issue in the industry.
本發明之目的在於提供一種諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法,解決現有技術之問題。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a control method for a resonant push-pull converter to solve the problems of the prior art.
為達成前揭目的,本發明所提出的諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法,其中所述諧振型推挽式轉換器包括變壓器、第一開關、第二開關、諧振槽以及整流電路。變壓器包括初級側繞組與次級側繞組,其中初級側繞組具有第一中心抽頭端、第一端以及第二端,且第一中心抽頭端耦接直流輸入電壓。第一開關耦接第一端與提供直流輸入電壓接地準位的接地端之間。第二開關耦接第二端與接地端之間。諧振槽耦接次級側繞組或初級側繞組。整流電路耦接次級側繞組,用以將次級側繞組提供的交流電轉換為直流輸出電壓。所述控制方法包括固定導通時間控制步驟:以固定導通時間的第一控制訊號控制第一開關,且以固定導通時間的第二控制訊號控制第二開關,使得第一開關與第二開關交替導通切換。In order to achieve the foregoing purpose, the present invention proposes a control method for a resonant push-pull converter, wherein the resonant push-pull converter includes a transformer, a first switch, a second switch, a resonant tank and a rectifier circuit. The transformer includes a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, wherein the primary side winding has a first center tap end, a first end and a second end, and the first center tap end is coupled to the DC input voltage. The first switch is coupled between the first terminal and a ground terminal that provides a ground level of the DC input voltage. The second switch is coupled between the second terminal and the ground terminal. The resonant tank is coupled to the secondary side winding or the primary side winding. The rectifier circuit is coupled to the secondary side winding and used to convert the AC power provided by the secondary side winding into a DC output voltage. The control method includes a fixed conduction time control step: controlling the first switch with a first control signal with a fixed conduction time, and controlling the second switch with a second control signal with a fixed conduction time, so that the first switch and the second switch are alternately conductive. switch.
在一實施例中,在固定導通時間控制步驟之後,包括頻率切換控制步驟:當負載減小時,降低第一控制訊號的切換頻率與第二控制訊號的切換頻率;當負載增大時,升高第一控制訊號的切換頻率與第二控制訊號的切換頻率。In one embodiment, after the fixed on-time control step, a frequency switching control step is included: when the load decreases, the switching frequency of the first control signal and the switching frequency of the second control signal are reduced; when the load increases, the switching frequency is increased. The switching frequency of the first control signal and the switching frequency of the second control signal.
在一實施例中,在頻率切換控制步驟之後,包括輸出電壓控制步驟:根據直流輸入電壓與切換頻率適應地調整直流輸出電壓。In one embodiment, after the frequency switching control step, the output voltage control step is included: adaptively adjusting the DC output voltage according to the DC input voltage and switching frequency.
在一實施例中,在固定導通時間控制步驟之後,包括輸出電壓控制步驟:根據直流輸入電壓與第一控制訊號的切換頻率及第二控制訊號的切換頻率適應地調整直流輸出電壓。In one embodiment, after the fixed on-time control step, the output voltage control step is included: adaptively adjusting the DC output voltage according to the DC input voltage and the switching frequency of the first control signal and the switching frequency of the second control signal.
在一實施例中,基於相應直流輸入電壓的輸入電壓訊號與輸出電流訊號,執行固定導通時間控制。In one embodiment, fixed on-time control is performed based on the input voltage signal and the output current signal corresponding to the DC input voltage.
在一實施例中,在不同負載抽載量下,執行固定導通時間控制。In one embodiment, fixed on-time control is performed under different load draw levels.
在一實施例中,諧振型推挽式轉換器更包括一輸出電容。輸出電容並聯耦接整流電路的輸出側,以提供直流輸出電壓。In one embodiment, the resonant push-pull converter further includes an output capacitor. The output capacitor is coupled in parallel to the output side of the rectifier circuit to provide a DC output voltage.
在一實施例中,諧振型推挽式轉換器更包括諧振槽。諧振槽具有一組串聯的諧振電感與諧振電容。In one embodiment, the resonant push-pull converter further includes a resonant tank. The resonant tank has a series connected resonant inductor and resonant capacitor.
在一實施例中,兩輸出電容串聯連接。串聯連接的兩輸出電容並聯耦接整流電路的輸出側,以提供直流輸出電壓。In one embodiment, two output capacitors are connected in series. Two output capacitors connected in series are coupled in parallel to the output side of the rectifier circuit to provide a DC output voltage.
在一實施例中,次級側繞組具有兩繞組端與一第二中心抽頭端。諧振槽具有兩組串聯的諧振電感與諧振電容,各組串聯的諧振電感與諧振電容分別耦接各繞組端,且串聯連接的兩輸出電容之共接點耦接第二中心抽頭端。In one embodiment, the secondary side winding has two winding ends and a second center tap end. The resonant tank has two sets of series-connected resonant inductors and resonant capacitors. Each set of series-connected resonant inductors and resonant capacitors is coupled to each winding end, and the common contact point of the two series-connected output capacitors is coupled to the second center tap end.
在一實施例中,固定導通時間控制係透過類比控制器或數位控制器所執行。In one embodiment, the fixed on-time control is performed by an analog controller or a digital controller.
藉由所提出的諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法,可實現特徵與優點:1、透過固定導通時間控制方法,可使控制簡單化,並且達成諧振軟切。2、工作(切換)頻率隨負載與輸入電壓調整,達成輕載可諧振工作之寬範圍全諧振操作。3、在有限的責任週期下,透過調整可寬範圍變動的輸出電壓的目標值,使得輸入電壓可容許變化的範圍加大,因此有利於選用電池提供輸入電壓的彈性與便利性。4、透過諧振型推挽式轉換器導入串聯諧振技術,將轉換器功率開關改為軟切,透過電感-電容諧振操作,可達成切換損失為零,提高轉換效率,有利於散熱設計;降低電晶體突波電壓,使得選用的元件額定可以降低,以及降低電磁兼容所產生的干擾源。Through the proposed control method of the resonant push-pull converter, the characteristics and advantages can be realized: 1. Through the fixed on-time control method, the control can be simplified and the resonance soft cut can be achieved. 2. The operating (switching) frequency is adjusted with the load and input voltage to achieve a wide range of full resonance operation with light load resonant operation. 3. Under a limited duty cycle, by adjusting the target value of the output voltage that can vary within a wide range, the range of allowable changes in the input voltage is enlarged, which is beneficial to the selection of batteries to provide flexibility and convenience in the input voltage. 4. Introduce series resonance technology through the resonant push-pull converter, change the converter power switch to soft switching, and achieve zero switching loss through inductor-capacitor resonance operation, improve conversion efficiency, and facilitate heat dissipation design; reduce power consumption. The crystal surge voltage allows the selected components to be rated lower and reduces the interference sources caused by electromagnetic compatibility.
為了能更進一步瞭解本發明為達成預定目的所採取之技術、手段及功效,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,相信本發明之目的、特徵與特點,當可由此得一深入且具體之瞭解,然而所附圖式僅提供參考與說明用,並非用來對本發明加以限制者。In order to further understand the technology, means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of the present invention. It is believed that the purpose, features and characteristics of the present invention can be understood in depth and For specific understanding, however, the attached drawings are only for reference and illustration, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
茲有關本發明之技術內容及詳細說明,配合圖式說明如下。The technical content and detailed description of the present invention are as follows with reference to the drawings.
為了改善目前推挽式串聯諧振技術存在轉換器的輕載與高輸入電壓無法軟切問題,因此本發明提出優化控制方法達到諧振軟切(soft switching)工作,以提高效率與改善電晶體突波(尖波、spike)的問題,並且降低電磁兼容所產生的干擾源。In order to improve the current push-pull series resonance technology, there is a problem that the converter cannot perform soft switching under light loads and high input voltages. Therefore, the present invention proposes an optimized control method to achieve resonance soft switching to improve efficiency and improve transistor surges. (Sharp wave, spike) problems, and reduce interference sources caused by electromagnetic compatibility.
請參見圖1與圖2所示,其係分別為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器應用於單匯流排架構與雙匯流排架構的電路圖。所述諧振型推挽式轉換器包括變壓器TR與透過變壓器TR隔離的初級側電路與次級側電路。變壓器TR包括初級側繞組W1與次級側繞組W2,其中初級側繞組W1耦接初級側電路,次級側繞組W2耦接次級側電路。初級側繞組W1具有第一中心抽頭端Nc、第一端N1以及第二端N2,且第一中心抽頭端Nc耦接直流的輸入電壓Vin。Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , which are circuit diagrams of the resonant push-pull converter of the present invention applied to a single bus architecture and a dual bus architecture respectively. The resonant push-pull converter includes a transformer TR and a primary side circuit and a secondary side circuit isolated by the transformer TR. The transformer TR includes a primary side winding W1 and a secondary side winding W2, wherein the primary side winding W1 is coupled to the primary side circuit, and the secondary side winding W2 is coupled to the secondary side circuit. The primary side winding W1 has a first center tap terminal Nc, a first terminal N1 and a second terminal N2, and the first center tap terminal Nc is coupled to the DC input voltage Vin.
初級側電路包括第一開關SW1與第二開關SW2。第一開關SW1耦接第一端N1與提供直流輸入電壓Vin接地準位的接地端GND之間。第二開關SW2耦接第二端N2與接地端GND之間。The primary side circuit includes a first switch SW1 and a second switch SW2. The first switch SW1 is coupled between the first terminal N1 and the ground terminal GND that provides the ground level of the DC input voltage Vin. The second switch SW2 is coupled between the second terminal N2 and the ground terminal GND.
次級側電路包括諧振槽50與整流電路90。在本實施例中,諧振槽50耦接次級側繞組W2。整流電路90耦接諧振槽50與次級側繞組W2,用以將次級側繞組W2提供的交流電轉換為直流輸出電壓Vout。然而,在不同的實施例中,諧振槽50可耦接初級側繞組W1,同樣可作為諧振轉換操作。另,整流電路90在圖中以二極體D1~D4做表示,然不以此為限制。The secondary side circuit includes a
如圖1所示的諧振型推挽式轉換器應用於單匯流排(single bus)架構,諧振型推挽式轉換器的輸出直流匯流排上具有一個輸出電容Co,且所述輸出電容Co並聯耦接整流電路90,以提供直流輸出電壓Vout給後端負載(以R
L表示)。如圖2所示的諧振型推挽式轉換器應用於雙匯流排(dual bus)架構,諧振型推挽式轉換器的輸出直流匯流排上具有兩個輸出電容Co,且所述兩個輸出電容Co串聯連接,且並聯耦接整流電路90,以提供直流輸出電壓Vout。更具體地,圖2所示的雙匯流排架構,次級側繞組W2為中心抽頭型式,且兩個串聯連接的輸出電容Co共接點與次級側繞組W2的中心抽頭端連接在一起。再者,諧振槽50為對稱的形式(諧振槽50的上下各有一組電感-電容(Lr,Cr)。因此,對應於圖1(單匯流排架構)與圖2(雙匯流排架構)不同的匯流排(即輸出電容Co)架構,諧振型推挽式轉換器的電感-電容(Lr,Cr)形成的串聯諧振槽架構亦有所不同。透過電感-電容(Lr,Cr)諧振操作,可達成1、切換損失為零,提高轉換效率,有利於散熱設計;2、降低電晶體突波(spike)電壓,使得選用的元件額定可以降低,以及降低電磁兼容所產生的干擾源的優點。
As shown in Figure 1, the resonant push-pull converter is applied to a single bus architecture. The output DC bus of the resonant push-pull converter has an output capacitor Co, and the output capacitor Co is connected in parallel. The
所述諧振型推挽式轉換器用以將低壓(例如12伏特)的電池電壓升壓為200~400伏特(在輸出直流匯流排上),並且透過後級的逆變器(inverter)將諧振型推挽式轉換器的輸出電壓Vout切換為高頻方波,以及整流電路進行輸出整流,以產生對系統負載供電之低頻弦波的交流電源。The resonant push-pull converter is used to boost the low-voltage (for example, 12 volts) battery voltage to 200~400 volts (on the output DC bus), and convert the resonant type through the downstream inverter. The output voltage Vout of the push-pull converter is switched to a high-frequency square wave, and the rectifier circuit performs output rectification to generate a low-frequency sinusoidal AC power supply that supplies the system load.
請參見圖3所示,其係為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法由控制單元100所實現的示意圖。本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法透過控制單元所執行,其中控制方法主要包括相依關係的三種控制方式,用以對初級側電路的第一開關SW1與第二開關SW2進行控制,包括:一、固定導通時間控制;二、頻率切換控制;以及三、輸出電壓控制。其中,所述控制方式可單獨採用固定導通時間控制,或者在固定導通時間控制的基礎上,配合採用頻率切換控制,或者在固定導通時間控制的基礎上,配合採用輸出電壓控制,或者在固定導通時間控制的基礎上,配合採用頻率切換控制與輸出電壓控制,上揭不同控制方式的內容與說明,容後詳述。Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic diagram of the control method of the resonant push-pull converter of the present invention implemented by the
如圖3所示,控制單元100可為類比控制(積體)電路,其包括微控制器102與脈波寬度調變控制器104。微控制器102接收諧振型推挽式轉換器的輸入電壓Vin訊號(即電池電壓)以及輸出電流訊號,進行前揭固定導通時間控制、頻率切換控制以及輸出電壓控制,使得透過脈波寬度調變控制器104產生開關驅動訊號,即第一控制訊號S1與第二控制訊號S2,經驅動電路200進而對應控制第一開關SW1與第二開關SW2的切換。然而,控制單元100不以類比式的控制(積體)電路為限制,意即控制單元100可為全數位設計,如圖4所示,可以透過數位式實現控制單元100,直接產生第一控制訊號S1與第二控制訊號S2的開關驅動訊號,經驅動電路200對第一開關SW1與第二開關SW2進行切換控制。As shown in FIG. 3 , the
配合參見圖5所示,其係為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法的流程圖。所述控制方法包括固定導通時間控制步驟(S10):以固定導通時間(fixed on-time)的第一控制訊號S1控制第一開關SW1,且以固定導通時間(fixed on-time)的第二控制訊號S2控制第二開關SW2,使得第一開關SW1與第二開關SW2交替導通切換。藉此,透過固定導通時間控制方法,可使控制簡單化,並且達成諧振軟切。Please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a flow chart of the control method of the resonant push-pull converter of the present invention. The control method includes a fixed on-time control step (S10): controlling the first switch SW1 with a first control signal S1 of fixed on-time, and controlling the first switch SW1 with a second control signal S1 of fixed on-time. The control signal S2 controls the second switch SW2 so that the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are turned on and switched alternately. In this way, through the fixed on-time control method, the control can be simplified and resonance soft cutting can be achieved.
以圖1的電路架構為例說明。當串聯諧振槽電感-電容(Lr,Cr)的參數設計完成後,諧振頻率即可決定。由於在零電流的時間進行開關(第一開關SW1與第二開關SW2)的切換可使切換損失為零,因此可根據諧振頻率得知流過開關電流為零的時刻。舉例來說,假設諧振頻率為100Hz,因此可得知每10ms可達成一次的開關電流為零。換言之,只要每10ms進行一次的開關切換,即可達成軟切效果,而無須再對諧振電容的電壓進行偵測或對諧振電流進行偵測,才判斷開關切換的時間。因此,本發明可以簡單化控制器的設計,使電路在不同負載抽載量的情況下,皆以固定的導通時間提供第一控制訊號S1控制第一開關SW1的切換,以及提供第二控制訊號S2控制第二開關SW2的切換,以實現諧振軟切。Take the circuit architecture of Figure 1 as an example. When the parameters of the series resonant tank inductor-capacitor (Lr, Cr) are designed, the resonant frequency can be determined. Since switching the switches (the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2) at a time of zero current can make the switching loss zero, the time when the current flowing through the switch becomes zero can be known based on the resonant frequency. For example, assuming the resonant frequency is 100Hz, it can be seen that the switching current that can be achieved once every 10ms is zero. In other words, as long as the switch is switched every 10ms, the soft switching effect can be achieved, and there is no need to detect the voltage of the resonant capacitor or the resonant current to determine the switch switching time. Therefore, the present invention can simplify the design of the controller, so that the circuit can provide the first control signal S1 with a fixed conduction time to control the switching of the first switch SW1 and provide the second control signal under different load-carrying conditions. S2 controls the switching of the second switch SW2 to achieve resonant soft switching.
如圖5所示,在固定導通時間控制之後,所述控制方法進一步包括頻率切換控制步驟(S20):當負載減小時,降低第一控制訊號S1的切換頻率與第二控制訊號S2的切換頻率;當負載增大時,升高第一控制訊號S1的切換頻率與第二控制訊號S2的切換頻率,使所述諧振型推挽式轉換器在可調整工作週期下操作。在頻率切換控制步驟中,由於涉及負載變化所進行的頻率切換控制,因此可實現在輕載時達成諧振的優化。As shown in Figure 5, after the fixed on-time control, the control method further includes a frequency switching control step (S20): when the load decreases, reduce the switching frequency of the first control signal S1 and the switching frequency of the second control signal S2. ; When the load increases, the switching frequency of the first control signal S1 and the switching frequency of the second control signal S2 are increased, so that the resonant push-pull converter operates under an adjustable working cycle. In the frequency switching control step, since it involves frequency switching control based on load changes, optimization of resonance can be achieved at light loads.
由於諧振頻率固定、導通時間為固定(基於步驟S10所執行的固定導通時間控制),因此當負載抽載量變小時,若切換頻率不變的話,則發生能量過多的狀況。由於D=Ton/T,其中D為責任週期(duty cycle)、Ton為一個週期T的導通時間。由於Ton固定(基於步驟S10所執行的固定導通時間控制),因此當切換頻率減小(週期T增加)時,責任週期D則減小;反之,責任週期D則增大。因此,在頻率切換控制中,若負載減小,則控制切換頻率減小(降低),使得在責任週期內所提供的能量變小,以達到能量平衡。相反地,若負載增大,則控制切換頻率增大(升高),使得在責任週期內所提供的能量變大,同樣能夠達到能量平衡。Since the resonant frequency is fixed and the on-time is fixed (based on the fixed on-time control executed in step S10), when the load pumping amount becomes smaller and the switching frequency remains unchanged, excessive energy will occur. Since D=Ton/T, where D is the duty cycle and Ton is the on-time of one cycle T. Since Ton is fixed (based on the fixed on-time control performed in step S10), when the switching frequency decreases (the period T increases), the duty period D decreases; conversely, the duty period D increases. Therefore, in frequency switching control, if the load decreases, the switching frequency is controlled to decrease (lower), so that the energy provided during the duty cycle becomes smaller to achieve energy balance. On the contrary, if the load increases, the control switching frequency increases (rises), so that the energy provided during the duty cycle becomes larger, and energy balance can also be achieved.
如圖5所示,在頻率切換控制之後,所述控制方法進一步包括輸出電壓控制步驟(S30)輔助:輸出電壓控制步驟:根據直流輸入電壓Vin適應地調整直流輸出電壓Vout目標值。As shown in Figure 5, after the frequency switching control, the control method further includes an output voltage control step (S30) auxiliary: an output voltage control step: adaptively adjusting the DC output voltage Vout target value according to the DC input voltage Vin.
由於諧振型推挽式轉換器的輸出電壓與輸入電壓的關係如下:Vout=2*N*D*Vin,其中N為變壓器匝數比(定值)、D為責任週期。Since the relationship between the output voltage and the input voltage of the resonant push-pull converter is as follows: Vout=2*N*D*Vin, where N is the transformer turns ratio (fixed value) and D is the duty cycle.
當責任週期D非為固定時,即在頻率切換控制步驟(S20)下達到在可調整工作週期下操作,因此可變動的輸出電壓Vout不僅與輸入電壓Vin有關,也與責任週期D有關。然而,若基於有限的責任週期D的範圍大小,可透過適應地調整直流輸出電壓Vout的目標值,使得輸入電壓Vin可容許變化的範圍加大。When the duty cycle D is not fixed, that is, operating under an adjustable duty cycle is achieved in the frequency switching control step (S20), so the variable output voltage Vout is not only related to the input voltage Vin, but also to the duty cycle D. However, based on the range of the limited duty cycle D, the target value of the DC output voltage Vout can be adjusted adaptively, so that the range of the input voltage Vin that can be allowed to change is increased.
舉例來說,在電路的應用中,諧振型推挽式轉換器的輸出電壓Vout可用以提供作為電壓寬範圍變動的負載之輸入,例如逆變器(inverter)作為負載,因此輸出電壓Vout允許提供寬範圍的電壓輸出。諧振型推挽式轉換器的輸入電壓Vin可為電池電壓,由於電池電壓在充飽電量與低電量下的電壓大小相異甚大(電池電壓變化的範圍較大),因此在有限的責任週期D下,透過調整可寬範圍變動的輸出電壓Vout的目標值,使得輸入電壓Vin可容許變化的範圍加大,因此有利於選用電池提供輸入電壓Vin的彈性與便利性。For example, in circuit applications, the output voltage Vout of the resonant push-pull converter can be used to provide the input of a load with a wide voltage range, such as an inverter as a load, so the output voltage Vout is allowed to provide Wide range voltage output. The input voltage Vin of the resonant push-pull converter can be the battery voltage. Since the voltage of the battery is very different when the battery is fully charged and when the battery is low (the range of battery voltage changes is large), the limited duty cycle D By adjusting the target value of the output voltage Vout that can vary within a wide range, the allowable variation range of the input voltage Vin is enlarged, which is beneficial to the flexibility and convenience of using a battery to provide the input voltage Vin.
附帶一提,雖然圖5將三種控制方式分別以步驟(S10)~步驟(S30)所表示,然而在實際應用上,以步驟(S10)的固定導通時間控制為必須之控制方式,其餘的步驟(S20)與步驟(S30)則為實現諧振優化以達成能量平衡的選項方式,因此本發明的控制方式可單獨採用固定導通時間控制,即執行步驟(S10),或者在固定導通時間控制的基礎上,配合採用頻率切換控制,即執行步驟(S10)與步驟(S20),或者在固定導通時間控制的基礎上,配合採用輸出電壓控制,即執行步驟(S10)與步驟(S30),或者在固定導通時間控制的基礎上,配合採用頻率切換控制與輸出電壓控制,即執行步驟(S10)、步驟(S20)以及步驟(S30),皆應涵蓋在本案之保護範圍內。Incidentally, although Figure 5 represents the three control methods as steps (S10) ~ step (S30), in practical applications, the fixed on-time control of step (S10) is the necessary control method, and the remaining steps (S20) and step (S30) are optional ways to achieve resonance optimization to achieve energy balance. Therefore, the control method of the present invention can adopt fixed on-time control alone, that is, perform step (S10), or on the basis of fixed on-time control. on, cooperate with frequency switching control, that is, execute steps (S10) and step (S20), or on the basis of fixed on-time control, cooperate with output voltage control, that is, execute steps (S10) and step (S30), or in On the basis of fixed on-time control, frequency switching control and output voltage control are used in conjunction, that is, steps (S10), step (S20) and step (S30) should all be covered by the protection scope of this case.
綜上所述,本發明係具有以下之特徵與優點:To sum up, the present invention has the following features and advantages:
1、可在不同負載抽載量的情況下,透過固定導通時間控制方法,使控制簡單化,並且達成諧振軟切。1. Under different load-carrying conditions, the fixed on-time control method can be used to simplify the control and achieve resonance soft cut.
2、工作(切換)頻率隨負載與輸入電壓調整,達成輕載可諧振工作之寬範圍全諧振操作。2. The operating (switching) frequency is adjusted with the load and input voltage to achieve a wide range of full resonance operation with light load resonant operation.
3、在有限的責任週期變動範圍下,透過調整可寬範圍變動的輸出電壓的目標值,使得輸入電壓可容許變化的範圍加大,因此有利於選用電池提供輸入電壓的彈性與便利性。3. Under the limited duty cycle variation range, by adjusting the target value of the output voltage that can vary within a wide range, the allowable variation range of the input voltage is enlarged, which is beneficial to the selection of batteries to provide flexibility and convenience in the input voltage.
4、透過諧振型推挽式轉換器導入串聯諧振技術,將轉換器功率開關改為軟切,透過電感-電容諧振操作,可達成切換損失為零,提高轉換效率,有利於散熱設計;降低電晶體突波電壓,使得選用的元件額定可以降低,以及降低電磁兼容所產生的干擾源。4. Introduce series resonance technology through the resonant push-pull converter, change the converter power switch to soft switching, and achieve zero switching loss through inductor-capacitor resonance operation, improve conversion efficiency, and facilitate heat dissipation design; reduce power consumption. The crystal surge voltage allows the selected components to be rated lower and reduces the interference sources caused by electromagnetic compatibility.
以上所述,僅為本發明較佳具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,並非用以限制本發明,本發明之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為準,凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施例,皆應包括於本發明之範疇中,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。The above are only detailed descriptions and drawings of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the characteristics of the present invention are not limited thereto and are not used to limit the present invention. The entire scope of the present invention should be determined by the following patent application scope. Subject to the present invention, all embodiments that are within the spirit of the patentable scope of the present invention and similar changes thereof shall be included in the scope of the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art can easily think of such changes or modifications in the field of the present invention. Modifications may be covered by the following patent scope of this case.
TR:變壓器 W1:初級側繞組 W2:次級側繞組 Nc:第一中心抽頭端 N1:第一端 N2:第二端 Vin:輸入電壓 Vout:輸出電壓 SW1:第一開關 SW2:第二開關 GND:接地端 50:諧振槽 90:整流電路 100:控制單元 102:微控制器 104:脈波寬度調變控制器 S1:第一控制訊號 S2:第二控制訊號 D1~D4:二極體 Co:輸出電容 R L:負載 S10,S20,S30:步驟 TR: Transformer W1: Primary side winding W2: Secondary side winding Nc: First center tap terminal N1: First terminal N2: Second terminal Vin: Input voltage Vout: Output voltage SW1: First switch SW2: Second switch GND : Ground terminal 50: Resonance tank 90: Rectifier circuit 100: Control unit 102: Microcontroller 104: Pulse width modulation controller S1: First control signal S2: Second control signal D1~D4: Diode Co: Output capacitance R L : Load S10, S20, S30: Step
圖1係為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器應用於單匯流排架構的電路圖。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the resonant push-pull converter of the present invention applied in a single bus architecture.
圖2係為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器應用於雙匯流排架構的電路圖。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the resonant push-pull converter of the present invention applied in a dual-bus architecture.
圖3係為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法由控制單元所實現的示意圖。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control method of the resonant push-pull converter of the present invention implemented by the control unit.
圖4係為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器控制的電路方塊圖。Figure 4 is a circuit block diagram of the resonant push-pull converter control of the present invention.
圖5係為本發明諧振型推挽式轉換器之控制方法的流程圖。FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the control method of the resonant push-pull converter of the present invention.
S10,S20,S30:步驟 S10, S20, S30: steps
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