TW202402927A

TW202402927A - Polymer composition with a high degree of thermal shock resistance

Info

Publication number: TW202402927A
Application number: TW112113103A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 譚哲; 劉曉妍; 俞躍華; 陶芳芳; 徐聞立
Original assignee: 美商堤康那責任有限公司
Priority date: 2022-04-14
Filing date: 2023-04-07
Publication date: 2024-01-16

Abstract

A polymer composition containing an impact modifier and a fibrous filler dispersed within a polymer matrix is provided. The polymer matrix contains a high performance thermoplastic polymer that exhibits a deflection temperature under load of about 40 DEG C or more as determined in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa and a melting temperature of about 140 DEG C or more. The polymer composition exhibits a thermal shock resistance value of about 800 or more.

Description

具高度熱衝擊抗性的聚合物組合物Polymer compositions with high thermal shock resistance

電動車(諸如電池組-電動車(battery-electric vehicle)、插電式混合動力電動車(plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle)、輕度混合動力電動車(mild hybrid-electric vehicle)或重度混合動力電動車(full hybrid-electric vehicle))一般具有含有電力推進源(例如，電池組)及變速器之電動力裝置。高性能聚合物材料係通常用於電動車之各種組件中，諸如用於高電壓連接器、功率轉換器外殼、電池組總成外殼、流體泵、反向器、匯流排、絞合電纜、個別感應引線、線纜壓接、索環模製件、快速連接器、三通管、互連件、導軌、密封圈(例如，無刷直流密封圈、電池組電池密封圈等)等中。此等組件中之許多係經「嵌件模製」，因為其等係藉由在模製時將構件(例如，金屬)嵌入聚合物組合物內形成。儘管此過程可形成複雜零件，但當將該零件曝露於溫度變化時，不同材料之熱膨脹係數之明顯差異可導致開裂。出於此原因，已進行各種嘗試來研發具有高度熱衝擊抗性之性能聚合物組合物。不幸地，無任一嘗試可達成足夠高度之熱衝擊抗性以容許其等用於許多EV產品應用中。此外，在可達成更高之熱衝擊抗性值之程度下，通常相應地降低所得組合物之絕緣、機械及/或流動性質。 Electric vehicles (such as battery-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles, mild hybrid-electric vehicles, or severe hybrids Electric vehicles (full hybrid-electric vehicles) generally have an electric power device including an electric propulsion source (for example, a battery pack) and a transmission. High-performance polymer materials are commonly used in various components of electric vehicles, such as high-voltage connectors, power converter housings, battery pack assembly housings, fluid pumps, reversers, busbars, stranded cables, individual In sensing leads, cable crimps, grommet moldings, quick connectors, tees, interconnects, rails, seals (e.g., brushless DC seals, battery pack cell seals, etc.), etc. Many of these components are "insert molded" in that they are formed by embedding a component (eg, metal) within a polymer composition during molding. Although this process can create complex parts, significant differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of different materials can lead to cracking when the part is exposed to temperature changes. For this reason, various attempts have been made to develop performance polymer compositions with high thermal shock resistance. Unfortunately, no attempt has been made to achieve a high enough level of thermal shock resistance to allow their use in many EV product applications. Furthermore, to the extent that higher thermal shock resistance values can be achieved, the insulating, mechanical and/or flow properties of the resulting composition are usually correspondingly reduced.

因此，當前需可顯示高度熱衝擊抗性與有利於用於電動車組件中之其他性質之組合之聚合物組合物。 Accordingly, there is a current need for polymer compositions that exhibit a high degree of thermal shock resistance in combination with other properties that are beneficial for use in electric vehicle components.

根據本發明之一項實施例，揭示一種聚合物組合物，其包含分散於聚合物基質內之衝擊改質劑及纖維填料。該聚合物基質含有一種高性能熱塑性聚合物，其顯示根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載及約140℃或更大之熔化溫度下測定之約40℃或更大之負載下變形溫度。該聚合物組合物顯示約800或更大之熱衝擊抗性值。According to an embodiment of the present invention, a polymer composition is disclosed, which includes an impact modifier and fiber filler dispersed in a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix contains a high performance thermoplastic polymer exhibiting a deformation temperature under load of approximately 40°C or greater measured in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa and a melting temperature of approximately 140°C or greater . The polymer composition exhibits a thermal shock resistance value of about 800 or greater.

下文更詳細闡述本發明之其他特徵及態樣。Other features and aspects of the invention are described in more detail below.

本申請案係基於及主張申請日期為2022年2月1日之美國臨時專利申請案序列號63/361,948；申請日期為2022年2月14日之美國臨時專利申請案序列號63/309,695；申請日期為2022年4月14日之美國臨時專利申請案序列號63/330,807；及申請日期為2022年7月7日之美國臨時專利申請案序列號63/358,904之優先權，其等係以引用之方式併入本文中。This application is based on and claims U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/361,948, filed on February 1, 2022; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/309,695, filed on February 14, 2022; Application Priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/330,807, filed on April 14, 2022; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/358,904, filed on July 7, 2022, which are incorporated by reference are incorporated into this article.

一般技術者應瞭解本討論僅為例示性實施例之描述，且無意限制本發明之更廣泛之態樣。Those of ordinary skill should appreciate that this discussion is merely a description of illustrative embodiments and is not intended to limit the broader aspects of the invention.

一般而言，本發明係關於一種聚合物組合物，其含有分散於聚合物基質內之衝擊改質劑及纖維填料。該聚合物基質同樣包括一種高性能熱塑性聚合物，其具有根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載及約140℃或更大之熔化溫度下測定之約40℃或更大之負載下變形溫度。藉由選擇性控制該組合物之特定組分及其等相對濃度，已發現所得組合物可顯示增強之熱衝擊抗性，其係適用於形成電動車之組件，諸如電池組供電之電動車、燃料電池供電之電動車、插電式混合動力電動車(PHEV)、輕度混合動力電動車(MHEV)、重度混合動力電動車(FHEV)等。更特定言之，該聚合物組合物可顯示約800或更大，在一些實施例中約1,000或更大，在一些實施例中約1,200或更大，在一些實施例中約1,500或更大，在一些實施例中約1,800或更大，在一些實施例中約2,000或更大，及在一些實施例中，約3,000或更大之熱衝擊抗性值。如本文使用，該「熱衝擊抗性值」係根據下文描述之測試測定且一般係指一組樣品組件在不經受可見破裂之情況下可承受之加熱循環之次數。高度熱衝擊抗性可甚至於相對小厚度值，諸如約4毫米或更小，在一些實施例中約0.2至約3.2毫米或更小，在一些實施例中約0.4至約3.0毫米，及在一些實施例中，約0.5至約2.8毫米(例如，1.2或2.5 mm)下達成。Generally speaking, the present invention relates to a polymer composition containing an impact modifier and a fibrous filler dispersed within a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix also includes a high performance thermoplastic polymer having a deformation under load of about 40°C or greater as determined in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa and a melting temperature of about 140°C or greater. temperature. By selectively controlling the specific components of the composition and their relative concentrations, it has been found that the resulting composition can exhibit enhanced thermal shock resistance, which is suitable for forming components of electric vehicles, such as battery-powered electric vehicles, Fuel cell powered electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEV), full hybrid electric vehicles (FHEV), etc. More specifically, the polymer composition may exhibit about 800 or greater, in some embodiments about 1,000 or greater, in some embodiments about 1,200 or greater, in some embodiments about 1,500 or greater , in some embodiments about 1,800 or greater, in some embodiments about 2,000 or greater, and in some embodiments, about 3,000 or greater thermal shock resistance values. As used herein, the "thermal shock resistance value" is determined according to the test described below and generally refers to the number of heating cycles that a set of sample components can withstand without experiencing visible cracking. A high degree of thermal shock resistance may be achieved even with relatively small thickness values, such as about 4 mm or less, in some embodiments about 0.2 to about 3.2 mm or less, in some embodiments about 0.4 to about 3.0 mm, and in In some embodiments, from about 0.5 to about 2.8 mm (eg, 1.2 or 2.5 mm).

除顯示高度熱衝擊抗性外，聚合物組合物亦可顯示良好之絕緣性質，甚至於諸如上文描述之相對小之厚度值下。該聚合物組合物之絕緣性質之特徵可為根據IEC 60112:2003在諸如上文指示之零件厚度(例如，3毫米)下測定之高比較電痕指數(「CTI」)，諸如約150伏特或更大，在一些實施例中約200伏特或更大，在一些實施例中約300伏特或更大，在一些實施例中550伏特或更大，在一些實施例中約580伏特或更大，及在一些實施例中，約600伏特或更大。In addition to exhibiting a high degree of thermal shock resistance, the polymer composition may also exhibit good insulating properties even at relatively small thickness values such as those described above. The insulating properties of the polymer composition may be characterized by a high comparative tracking index ("CTI"), such as about 150 volts or greater, in some embodiments about 200 volts or greater, in some embodiments about 300 volts or greater, in some embodiments about 550 volts or greater, in some embodiments about 580 volts or greater, and in some embodiments, about 600 volts or greater.

儘管顯示良好之熱衝擊抗性及高CTI值，但該組合物仍可顯示由諸如以下相對低之熔體黏度反映之良好流動性質：約30 kP或更小，在一些實施例中約20 kP或更小，在一些實施例中約10 kP或更小，在一些實施例中約5 kP或更小，及在一些實施例中，約2至約50 kP，根據ISO 11443:2021在約310℃之溫度下及在400 s ^-1之剪切速率下測定。儘管具有低熔體黏度，但該聚合物組合物仍可維持高度衝擊強度及拉伸強度，其可為所得組件提供增強之可撓性。例如，該聚合物組合物可顯示在23℃之溫度下根據ISO 180:2019測定，約5 kJ/m ²或更大，諸如在一些實施例中約6至約50 kJ/m ²，及在一些實施例中，約7至約30 kJ/m ²之缺口伊佐德(notched Izod)衝擊強度，及在23℃之溫度下根據ISO 179-1:2010測定，約6 kJ/m ²或更大，諸如在一些實施例中約8至約50 kJ/m ²，及在一些實施例中，約10至約30 kJ/m ²之夏比缺口(Charpy notched)衝擊強度。例如，該組合物可顯示約100 MPa或更大，在一些實施例中約100 MPa至約200 MPa，在一些實施例中約110至約180 MPa，及在一些實施例中，約120至約170 MPa之斷裂拉伸應力；約1%或更大，在一些實施例中約1%至約10%之拉伸斷裂應變；及/或約15,000 MPa或更小，在一些實施例中約1,000 MPa至約12,000 MPa，在一些實施例中約5,000 MPa至約11,000 MPa之拉伸模數。拉伸性質可根據ISO測試編號527:2019 在23℃之溫度下測定。該組合物亦可顯示約50 MPa或更大，在一些實施例中約100至約350 MPa，及在一些實施例中約150至約300 MPa之撓曲強度，及/或約5,000至約20,000，在一些實施例中約8,000 MPa至約18,000 MPa，及在一些實施例中，約10,000 MPa至約16,000 MPa之撓曲模數。撓曲性質可根據ISO 178:2019在23℃之溫度下測定。 While exhibiting good thermal shock resistance and high CTI values, the composition may still exhibit good flow properties as reflected by a relatively low melt viscosity such as: about 30 kP or less, in some embodiments about 20 kP or less, in some embodiments about 10 kP or less, in some embodiments about 5 kP or less, and in some embodiments, about 2 to about 50 kP, at about 310 in accordance with ISO 11443:2021 °C and a shear rate of 400 s ^-1 . Despite having low melt viscosity, the polymer composition maintains high impact strength and tensile strength, which can provide enhanced flexibility to the resulting component. For example, the polymer composition can exhibit about 5 kJ/m or ^greater , such as in some embodiments about 6 to about 50 kJ/ ^m as measured in accordance with ISO 180:2019 at a temperature of 23°C, and at In some embodiments, a notched Izod impact strength of about 7 to about 30 kJ/ ^m2 , and about 6 kJ/ ^m2 or greater as measured in accordance with ISO 179-1:2010 at a temperature of 23°C , such as, in some embodiments, a Charpy notched impact strength of about 8 to about 50 kJ/m ² , and in some embodiments, a Charpy notched impact strength of about 10 to about 30 kJ/m ² . For example, the composition may exhibit about 100 MPa or greater, in some embodiments about 100 MPa to about 200 MPa, in some embodiments about 110 to about 180 MPa, and in some embodiments, about 120 to about Tensile stress at break of 170 MPa; tensile strain at break of about 1% or greater, in some embodiments from about 1% to about 10%; and/or about 15,000 MPa or less, in some embodiments about 1,000 A tensile modulus of from MPa to about 12,000 MPa, and in some embodiments from about 5,000 MPa to about 11,000 MPa. Tensile properties can be determined according to ISO test number 527:2019 at a temperature of 23°C. The composition may also exhibit a flexural strength of about 50 MPa or greater, in some embodiments about 100 to about 350 MPa, and in some embodiments about 150 to about 300 MPa, and/or about 5,000 to about 20,000 , in some embodiments from about 8,000 MPa to about 18,000 MPa, and in some embodiments, from about 10,000 MPa to about 16,000 MPa flexural modulus. Flexural properties can be measured according to ISO 178:2019 at a temperature of 23°C.

應注意，發明人亦已發現聚合物組合物在高溫下對老化非高度敏感的。例如，由該組合物形成之零件可在溫度約100℃或更大，在一些實施例中約150℃至約200℃，及在一些實施例中，約200℃至約260℃ (例如，240℃)之氛圍下老化約100小時或更久，在一些實施例中約300小時至約3000小時，及在一些實施例中，約400小時至約2500小時(例如，約1,000小時)之時間週期。即使在老化後，機械性質(例如，衝擊強度、拉伸性質及/或撓曲性質)仍可維持於上文指示之範圍內。例如，在240℃下「老化」 1,000小時後之特定機械性質(例如，夏比缺口衝擊強度、拉伸模數、拉伸強度、拉伸斷裂應變等)與在此老化前之初始機械性質之比率可為約0.4或更大，在一些實施例中約0.5或更大，及在一些實施例中，約0.6至1.0。在一項實施例中，例如，零件可顯示根據ISO 179-1:2010在23℃之溫度下量測，在高溫(例如，240℃)下老化1,000小時後大於約5 kJ/m ²，在一些實施例中約6至約30 kJ/m ²，及在一些實施例中，約7至約20 kJ/m ²之夏比缺口衝擊強度。在高溫氣氛(例如，240℃)下老化1,000小時後，該零件亦可顯示根據ISO 527-2/1A:2019在23℃之溫度下測定，約50至約300 MPa，在一些實施例中約80至約200 MPa，及在一些實施例中，約100至約150 MPa之拉伸強度；約5,000至約25,000 MPa，在一些實施例中約8,000至約22,000 MPa，及在一些實施例中，約10,000至約20,000 MPa之拉伸模數；及/或約0.4%至約8%，在一些實施例中約0.6%至約5%，及在一些實施例中，約0.8%至約3%之拉伸斷裂應變。 It should be noted that the inventors have also discovered that the polymer composition is not highly sensitive to aging at elevated temperatures. For example, parts formed from the composition can be formed at temperatures of about 100°C or greater, in some embodiments about 150°C to about 200°C, and in some embodiments, about 200°C to about 260°C (e.g., 240°C ° C) in an atmosphere for about 100 hours or longer, in some embodiments about 300 hours to about 3000 hours, and in some embodiments, about 400 hours to about 2500 hours (for example, about 1,000 hours). . Even after aging, the mechanical properties (eg, impact strength, tensile properties, and/or flexural properties) may remain within the ranges indicated above. For example, the specific mechanical properties (such as Charpy notch impact strength, tensile modulus, tensile strength, tensile breaking strain, etc.) after "aging" at 240°C for 1,000 hours are different from the initial mechanical properties before this aging. The ratio may be about 0.4 or greater, in some embodiments about 0.5 or greater, and in some embodiments, about 0.6 to 1.0. In one embodiment, for example, the part may exhibit greater than about 5 kJ/m ² after 1,000 hours of aging at an elevated temperature (e.g., 240°C), measured in accordance with ISO 179-1:2010 at a temperature of 23°C, at In some embodiments, the Charpy notched impact strength is from about 6 to about 30 kJ/m ² , and in some embodiments, from about 7 to about 20 kJ/m ² . After aging for 1,000 hours in a high-temperature atmosphere (e.g., 240°C), the part may also exhibit a temperature of about 50 to about 300 MPa, in some embodiments about Tensile strength from 80 to about 200 MPa, and in some embodiments, from about 100 to about 150 MPa; from about 5,000 to about 25,000 MPa, in some embodiments from about 8,000 to about 22,000 MPa, and in some embodiments, Tensile modulus from about 10,000 to about 20,000 MPa; and/or from about 0.4% to about 8%, in some embodiments from about 0.6% to about 5%, and in some embodiments, from about 0.8% to about 3% The tensile fracture strain.

聚合物組合物亦可顯示良好阻燃特性。例如，聚合物組合物在0.8毫米之厚度下可符合V-0可燃性標準。阻燃效用可根據「Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances」，第5版，Oct. 29, 1996之UL 94垂直燃燒測試程序測定。下表中列舉根據該UL 94測試之評級：表1 評級殘燄時間(s) 燃燒滴落燃燒至夾緊 V-0 ＜ 10 否否 V-1 ＜ 30 否否 V-2 ＜ 30 是否不符合＜ 30 是不符合＞ 30 否 The polymer composition may also exhibit good flame retardant properties. For example, the polymer composition may meet V-0 flammability standards at a thickness of 0.8 mm. The flame retardant effect can be measured according to the UL 94 vertical burning test procedure of "Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances", 5th edition, Oct. 29, 1996. The following table lists the ratings based on this UL 94 test: Table 1 Rating Flame remaining time (s) burning dripping burn to clamp V-0 ＜10 no no V-1 ＜30 no no V-2 ＜30 yes no incompatible ＜30 yes incompatible ＞30 no

「殘燄時間」係藉由將總殘燄時間(所有測試樣品之總值)除以樣品數量確定之平均值。該總殘燄時間係所有樣品在如UL-94 VTM測試中描述之兩次單獨施加火焰後保持點燃之時間的總和(以秒計)。時間週期越短指示阻燃性越好，即，該火焰熄滅得越快。針對V-0評級，五(5)個樣品(各施加兩次火焰)之總殘燄時間必須不超過50秒。使用本發明之阻燃劑，針對厚度為0.8毫米之試樣，聚合物組合物可達成至少V-1評級，且通常V-0評級。"Flag time" is an average value determined by dividing the total flame time (total value of all samples tested) by the number of samples. The total residual flame time is the sum of the time (in seconds) that all samples remained ignited after two separate applications of flame as described in the UL-94 VTM test. A shorter time period indicates better flame retardancy, ie the faster the flame goes out. For a V-0 rating, the total flame residual time of five (5) samples (two flame applications each) must not exceed 50 seconds. Using the flame retardant of the present invention, the polymer composition can achieve at least a V-1 rating, and typically a V-0 rating for a specimen with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

下文現將更詳細描述本發明之各種實施例。 I. 聚合物組合物A. 熱塑性聚合物 Various embodiments of the invention will now be described in greater detail below. I. Polymer Composition A. Thermoplastic Polymer

如本文指出，聚合物基質含有一或多種高性能熱塑性聚合物。「高性能」一般意謂該等聚合物具有高度抗熱性，諸如由根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載下測定，約40℃或更大，在一些實施例中約50℃或更大，在一些實施例中約60℃或更大，在一些實施例中約80℃至約250℃，及在一些實施例中，約100℃至約200℃之負載下變形溫度(「DTUL」)反映。該等熱塑性聚合物本質上亦可為半結晶或結晶並顯示高熔化溫度，諸如約140℃或更大，在一些實施例中約150℃至約400℃，及在一些實施例中，約200℃至約380℃。該熔化溫度可使用示差掃描量熱法(「DSC」)根據ISO 11357-3:2018測定。當然，除顯示高度抗熱性及高熔化溫度外，該等熱塑性聚合物亦可顯示高玻璃轉移溫度，諸如約10℃或更大，在一些實施例中約20℃或更大，在一些實施例中約30℃或更大，在一些實施例中約40℃或更大，在一些實施例中約50℃或更大，及在一些實施例中，約60℃至約320℃。該玻璃轉移溫度可使用示差掃描量熱法根據ISO 11357-2:2020測定。As noted herein, the polymer matrix contains one or more high performance thermoplastic polymers. "High performance" generally means that the polymers have a high degree of heat resistance, such as about 40°C or greater, in some embodiments about 50°C or greater, as measured in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa. Large, in some embodiments about 60°C or greater, in some embodiments about 80°C to about 250°C, and in some embodiments, about 100°C to about 200°C deformation temperature under load ("DTUL" )reflect. These thermoplastic polymers may also be semi-crystalline or crystalline in nature and exhibit high melting temperatures, such as about 140°C or greater, in some embodiments about 150°C to about 400°C, and in some embodiments, about 200°C ℃ to about 380℃. The melting temperature can be determined using differential scanning calorimetry ("DSC") according to ISO 11357-3:2018. Of course, in addition to exhibiting high heat resistance and high melting temperatures, these thermoplastic polymers may also exhibit high glass transition temperatures, such as about 10°C or greater, in some embodiments about 20°C or greater, and in some embodiments about 20°C or greater. about 30°C or greater, in some embodiments about 40°C or greater, in some embodiments about 50°C or greater, and in some embodiments, about 60°C to about 320°C. The glass transition temperature can be determined using differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-2:2020.

適用於此目的之熱塑性聚合物可包括(例如)聚烯烴(例如，乙烯聚合物、丙烯聚合物等)、聚醯胺(例如，脂族、半芳族或芳族聚醯胺)、聚酯、聚芳硫醚、液晶聚合物(例如，全芳族聚酯、聚酯醯胺等)、聚醚(例如，聚甲醛)等，及其摻合物。聚合物系統之精確選擇將取決於多種因素，諸如包括於該組合物內之其他填料之性質、形成及/或處理該組合物之方式及預期應用之特定要求。Thermoplastic polymers suitable for this purpose may include, for example, polyolefins (e.g., ethylene polymers, propylene polymers, etc.), polyamides (e.g., aliphatic, semiaromatic or aromatic polyamides), polyesters , polyarylene sulfide, liquid crystal polymer (for example, fully aromatic polyester, polyesteramide, etc.), polyether (for example, polyoxymethylene), etc., and blends thereof. The precise choice of polymer system will depend on factors such as the nature of the other fillers included in the composition, the manner in which the composition is formed and/or processed, and the specific requirements of the intended application.

例如，芳族聚合物係特別適用於一些應用。例如，合適之半結晶芳族聚合物之一項實例係芳族聚酯，其可為至少一種二醇(例如，脂族及/或環脂族)與至少一種芳族二羧酸(諸如彼等具有4至20個碳原子，及在一些實施例中，8至14個碳原子者)之縮合產物。合適之二醇可包括(例如)新戊二醇、環己烷二甲醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇及式HO(CH ₂) _nOH之脂族二醇，其中n係2至10之整數。合適之芳族二羧酸可包括(例如)間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、1,2-二(對羧基苯基)乙烷、4,4′-二羧基二苯醚等，及其組合。稠環亦可存在(諸如)於1,4-或1,5-或2,6-萘-二羧酸中。此等芳族聚酯之特定實例可包括(例如)聚(對苯二甲酸乙二酯) (PET)、聚(1,4-對苯二甲酸丁二酯) (PBT)、聚(1,3-對苯二甲酸丙二酯) (PPT)、聚(2,6-萘二甲酸1,4-丁二酯) (PBN)、聚(2,6-萘二甲酸丁二酯) (PEN)、聚(對苯二甲酸1,4-環己烷二甲酯) (PCT)，及前述之混合物。 For example, aromatic polymer systems are particularly suitable for some applications. For example, one example of a suitable semi-crystalline aromatic polymer is an aromatic polyester, which may be at least one glycol (e.g., aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic) and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid (such as etc. having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, 8 to 14 carbon atoms) condensation products. Suitable glycols may include, for example, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, and aliphatic glycols of the formula HO( _CH2 ) _nOH , where n It is an integer from 2 to 10. Suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids may include, for example, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 1,2-bis(p-carboxyphenyl)ethane, 4,4'-dicarboxyldiphenyl ether, and the like, and combination. Fused rings may also be present, such as in 1,4- or 1,5- or 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acids. Specific examples of such aromatic polyesters may include, for example, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT), Trimethylene 3-terephthalate) (PPT), poly(1,4-butylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PBN), poly(butylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN ), poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethyl terephthalate) (PCT), and mixtures of the above.

亦可採用芳族聚酯(例如，聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)之衍生物及/或共聚物。例如，在一項實施例中，可使用改質酸及/或二醇以形成此等聚合物之衍生物。如本文使用，術語「改質酸」及「改質二醇」意欲定義可分別形成聚酯之酸及二醇重複單元之部分，且可改質聚酯以降低其結晶度之化合物。改質酸組分之實例可包括(但不限於)間苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、1,3-環己烷二羧酸、1,4-環己烷二羧酸、2,6-萘二甲酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、辛二酸、1,12-十二烷二酸等。實務上，通常較佳係使用其官能酸衍生物，諸如二羧酸之二甲酯、二乙酯或二丙酯。在可行的情況下亦可採用此等酸之酐或酸鹵化物。改質二醇組分之實例可包括(但不限於)新戊二醇、1,4-環己烷二甲醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,2-環己二醇、1,4-環己二醇、1,2-環己烷二甲醇、1,3-環己烷二甲醇、2,2,4,4-四甲基1,3-環丁烷二醇、Z,8-雙(羥甲基三環-[5.2.1.0]-癸烷，其中Z表示3、4或5；1,4-雙(2-羥基乙氧基)苯、4,4′-雙(2-羥基乙氧基)二苯醚[羥乙基雙酚A]、4,4′-雙(2-羥基乙氧基)二苯基硫醚[羥乙基雙酚S]及鏈中含有一或多個氧原子之二醇，例如二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇等。一般而言，此等二醇含有2至18，及在一些實施例中，2至8個碳原子。環脂族二醇可以其等順式或反式構型或以兩種形式之混合物採用。Derivatives and/or copolymers of aromatic polyesters (eg, polyethylene terephthalate) may also be used. For example, in one embodiment, modifying acids and/or glycols may be used to form derivatives of these polymers. As used herein, the terms "modifying acid" and "modifying diol" are intended to define compounds that can form part of the acid and diol repeating units, respectively, of a polyester and can modify the polyester to reduce its crystallinity. Examples of modifying acid components may include, but are not limited to, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 2,6- Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, etc. In practice, it is usually preferred to use its functional acid derivatives, such as dimethyl ester, diethyl ester or dipropyl ester of dicarboxylic acid. Anhydrides or acid halides of these acids may also be used where feasible. Examples of modified glycol components may include, but are not limited to, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3 -Propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3 - Cyclohexane dimethanol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl1,3-cyclobutanediol, Z,8-bis(hydroxymethyltricyclo-[5.2.1.0]-decane, where Z represents 3, 4 or 5; 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene, 4,4′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)diphenyl ether [hydroxyethyl bisphenol A], 4 , 4′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)diphenyl sulfide [hydroxyethyl bisphenol S] and glycols containing one or more oxygen atoms in the chain, such as diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol , dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, etc. Generally, these glycols contain 2 to 18, and in some embodiments, 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Cycloaliphatic glycols can be in their cis or trans configurations Or as a mixture of the two forms.

芳族聚酯(諸如上文描述)通常具有根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載下測定之約40℃至約80℃，在一些實施例中約45℃至約75℃，及在一些實施例中，約50℃至約70℃之DTUL值。該等芳族聚酯同樣通常具有約30℃至約120℃，在一些實施例中約40℃至約110℃，及在一些實施例中，約50℃至約100℃之玻璃轉移溫度，及約170℃至約300℃，在一些實施例中約190℃至約280℃，及在一些實施例中，約210℃至約260℃之熔化溫度。該等芳族聚酯亦可具有諸如根據ISO 1628-5:1998測定，約0.1 dl/g至約6 dl/g，在一些實施例中約0.2至約5 dl/g，及在一些實施例中約0.3至約1 dl/g之固有黏度。Aromatic polyesters (such as those described above) typically have a temperature of about 40°C to about 80°C, in some embodiments about 45°C to about 75°C, measured in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa, and In some embodiments, the DTUL value is about 50°C to about 70°C. Such aromatic polyesters also typically have a glass transition temperature of about 30°C to about 120°C, in some embodiments about 40°C to about 110°C, and in some embodiments, about 50°C to about 100°C, and A melting temperature of about 170°C to about 300°C, in some embodiments about 190°C to about 280°C, and in some embodiments, about 210°C to about 260°C. The aromatic polyesters may also have, for example, as determined in accordance with ISO 1628-5:1998, from about 0.1 dl/g to about 6 dl/g, in some embodiments from about 0.2 to about 5 dl/g, and in some embodiments Intrinsic viscosity of about 0.3 to about 1 dl/g.

聚芳硫醚亦為合適之半結晶芳族聚合物。該聚芳硫醚可為均聚物或共聚物。例如，二鹵芳族化合物之選擇性組合可產生含有不少於兩個不同單元之聚芳硫醚共聚物。例如，當對二氯苯係與間二氯苯或4,4'-二氯二苯碸組合使用時，可形成含有具有下式結構之鏈段：及具有下式結構之鏈段：或具有下式結構之鏈段：之聚芳硫醚共聚物。 Polyarylene sulfides are also suitable semi-crystalline aromatic polymers. The polyarylene sulfide can be a homopolymer or a copolymer. For example, selective combinations of dihaloaromatic compounds can produce polyarylene sulfide copolymers containing no fewer than two distinct units. For example, when p-dichlorobenzene is used in combination with m-dichlorobenzene or 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl, a chain segment containing the following formula can be formed: And a chain segment with the following structure: Or a chain segment with the following structure: Polyarylene sulfide copolymer.

聚芳硫醚可為直鏈、半直鏈、分支鏈或交聯的。直鏈聚芳硫醚通常含有80莫耳%或更大之重複單元-(Ar-S)-。此等直鏈聚合物亦可包括少量分支鏈單元或交聯單元，但分支鏈或交聯單元之量係通常小於該聚芳硫醚之總單體單元之約1莫耳%。直鏈聚芳硫醚聚合物可為含有上文提及之重複單元之無規共聚物或嵌段共聚物。半直鏈聚芳硫醚可同樣具有交聯結構或分支鏈結構，在聚合物中引入少量一或多種具有三個或更多個反應性官能基之單體。以實例說明之，用以形成半直鏈聚芳硫醚之單體組分可包括一定量之每個分子具有兩個或更多個鹵素取代基之多鹵芳族化合物，其等可用以製備分支鏈聚合物。此等單體可由式R'X _n表示，其中各X係選自氯、溴及碘，n係3至6之整數，及R'係化合價n之多價芳族基團，其可具有多達約4個甲基取代基，R'中碳原子之總數係於6至約16之範圍內。可用以形成半直鏈聚芳硫醚之每個分子具有多於兩個鹵素經取代之一些多鹵芳族化合物之實例包括1,2,3-三氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3-二氯-5-溴苯、1,2,4-三碘苯、1,2,3,5-四溴苯、六氯苯、1,3,5-三氯-2,4,6-三甲基苯、2,2',4,4'-四氯聯苯、2,2',5,5'-四-碘聯苯、2,2',6,6'-四溴-3,3',5,5'-四甲基聯苯、1,2,3,4-四氯萘、1,2,4-三溴-6-甲基萘等，及其混合物。 Polyarylene sulfide can be linear, semi-linear, branched or cross-linked. Linear polyarylene sulfides typically contain 80 mole % or greater of the repeating unit -(Ar-S)-. These linear polymers may also include small amounts of branched chain units or cross-linked units, but the amount of branched chain or cross-linked units is generally less than about 1 mole % of the total monomer units of the polyarylene sulfide. The linear polyarylene sulfide polymer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer containing the repeating units mentioned above. Semi-linear polyarylene sulfide can also have a cross-linked structure or a branched chain structure, and a small amount of one or more monomers with three or more reactive functional groups are introduced into the polymer. By way of example, the monomer components used to form the semi-linear polyarylene sulfide may include an amount of a polyhalogen aromatic compound having two or more halogen substituents per molecule, which may be used to prepare Branched chain polymers. These monomers can be represented by the formula R'X _n , where each Up to about 4 methyl substituents, the total number of carbon atoms in R' ranges from 6 to about 16. Examples of some polyhaloaromatic compounds substituted with more than two halogens per molecule that can be used to form semi-linear polyarylene sulfides include 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Benzene, 1,3-dichloro-5-bromobenzene, 1,2,4-triiodobenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetrabromobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, 1,3,5-trichloro-2 ,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrakis-iodobiphenyl, 2,2',6,6'-Tetrabromo-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbiphenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene, 1,2,4-tribromo-6-methylnaphthalene, etc., and mixture.

視需要，聚芳硫醚可經官能化。例如，含有反應性官能基(例如，羧基、羥基、胺等)之二硫醚化合物可與該聚芳硫醚反應。該聚芳硫醚之官能化可進一步為任何可選衝擊改質劑與該聚芳硫醚之間的鍵合提供位點，此可改良該衝擊改質劑於整個該聚芳硫醚中之分配並防止相分離。該二硫醚化合物可在熔融加工過程中與該聚芳硫醚發生斷鏈反應以降低其總熔體黏度。當採用時，二硫醚化合物通常構成聚合物組合物之約0.01重量%至約3重量%，在一些實施例中約0.02重量%至約1重量%，及在一些實施例中，約0.05至約0.5重量%。該聚芳硫醚之量與該二硫醚化合物之量的比率可同樣係約1000:1至約10:1、約500:1至約20:1或約400:1至約30:1。合適之二硫醚化合物通常為彼等具有下式者： R ³-S-S-R ⁴ If desired, the polyarylene sulfide can be functionalized. For example, disulfide compounds containing reactive functional groups (eg, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine, etc.) can react with the polyarylene sulfide. Functionalization of the polyarylene sulfide can further provide sites for bonding between any optional impact modifier and the polyarylene sulfide, which can improve the impact modifier throughout the polyarylene sulfide. Distribute and prevent phase separation. The disulfide compound can undergo a chain scission reaction with the polyarylene sulfide during melt processing to reduce its total melt viscosity. When employed, the disulfide compound typically constitutes from about 0.01 to about 3% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.02 to about 1% by weight, and in some embodiments from about 0.05 to about 1% by weight. About 0.5% by weight. The ratio of the amount of polyarylene sulfide to the amount of disulfide compound can likewise be from about 1000:1 to about 10:1, from about 500:1 to about 20:1, or from about 400:1 to about 30:1. Suitable disulfide compounds are generally those having the formula: R ³ -SSR ⁴

其中R ³及R ⁴可相同或不同且為獨立地包括1至約20個碳之烴基。例如，R ³及R ⁴可為烷基、環烷基、芳基或雜環基。在某些實施例中，R ³及R ⁴一般為非反應性官能基，諸如苯基、萘基、乙基、甲基、丙基等。此等化合物之實例包括二苯基二硫醚、萘基二硫醚、二甲基二硫醚、二乙基二硫醚及二丙基二硫醚。R ³及R ⁴亦可於該二硫醚化合物之末端包括反應性官能基。例如，R ³及R ⁴中之至少一者可包括末端羧基、羥基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、硝基，或類似物。化合物之實例可包括(但不限於) 2,2'-二胺基二苯基二硫醚、3,3'-二胺基二苯基二硫醚、4,4'-二胺基二苯基二硫醚、二苯甲基二硫醚、二硫基水楊酸(或2,2’-二硫基苯甲酸)、二硫基乙醇酸、α,α'-二硫基二乳酸、β,β'-二硫基二乳酸、3,3'-二硫基二吡啶、4,4'二硫基嗎啉、2,2'-二硫基雙(苯并噻唑)、2,2'-二硫基雙(苯并咪唑)、2,2'-二硫基雙(苯并噁唑)、2-(4'-嗎啉二硫基)苯并噻唑等，及其混合物。 Wherein R ³ and R ⁴ may be the same or different and are hydrocarbon groups independently including 1 to about 20 carbons. For example, R ³ and R ⁴ may be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R ³ and R ⁴ are generally non-reactive functional groups, such as phenyl, naphthyl, ethyl, methyl, propyl, etc. Examples of such compounds include diphenyl disulfide, naphthyl disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide and dipropyl disulfide. R ³ and R ⁴ may also include reactive functional groups at the terminal ends of the disulfide compound. For example, at least one of R ³ and R ⁴ may include a terminal carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a nitro group, or the like. Examples of compounds may include (but are not limited to) 2,2'-diaminodiphenyl disulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl disulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl disulfide, diphenylmethyl disulfide, disulfide salicylic acid (or 2,2'-dithiobenzoic acid), disulfide glycolic acid, α,α'-dithiodilaactic acid, β,β'-dithiodilacid, 3,3'-dithiodipyridine, 4,4'dithiomorpholine, 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole), 2,2 '-Dithiobis(benzimidazole), 2,2'-dithiobis(benzoxazole), 2-(4'-morpholinodithio)benzothiazole, etc., and mixtures thereof.

根據ISO 1133在5 kg之負載及316℃之溫度下測定，聚芳硫醚之熔體流動速率可為約100至約800公克每10分鐘(「g/10 min」)，在一些實施例中約200至約700 g/10 min，及在一些實施例中，約300至約600 g/10 min。The polyarylene sulfide may have a melt flow rate of about 100 to about 800 grams per 10 minutes ("g/10 min"), in some embodiments, measured according to ISO 1133 at a load of 5 kg and a temperature of 316°C. About 200 to about 700 g/10 min, and in some embodiments, about 300 to about 600 g/10 min.

聚芳硫醚(諸如上文描述)通常具有根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載下測定之約70℃至約220℃，在一些實施例中約90℃至約200℃，及在一些實施例中，約120℃至約180℃之DTUL值。該等聚芳硫醚同樣通常具有約50℃至約120℃，在一些實施例中約60℃至約115℃，及在一些實施例中，約70℃至約110℃之玻璃轉移溫度，及約220℃至約340℃，在一些實施例中約240℃至約320℃，及在一些實施例中，約260℃至約300℃之熔化溫度。Polyarylene sulfide (such as described above) typically has a temperature of about 70°C to about 220°C, in some embodiments about 90°C to about 200°C, as measured in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa, and In some embodiments, the DTUL value is about 120°C to about 180°C. Such polyarylene sulfides also typically have a glass transition temperature of about 50°C to about 120°C, in some embodiments about 60°C to about 115°C, and in some embodiments, about 70°C to about 110°C, and A melting temperature of about 220°C to about 340°C, in some embodiments about 240°C to about 320°C, and in some embodiments, about 260°C to about 300°C.

除上文提及之聚合物外，聚合物組合物中亦可採用高度結晶之芳族聚合物。此等聚合物之特別合適之實例係液晶聚合物，其等具有高度結晶度，使得其等可有效填充模具之小空間。液晶聚合物在其等可具有棒狀結構並在其等熔融狀態(例如，熱致性向列液晶態)下顯示結晶行為的程度上一般歸類為「熱致性」。此等聚合物通常具有根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載下測定的約120℃至約340℃，在一些實施例中約140℃至約320℃，及在一些實施例中，約150℃至約300℃之DTUL值。該等聚合物亦具有相對高熔化溫度，諸如約250℃至約400℃，在一些實施例中約280℃至約390℃，及在一些實施例中，約300℃至約380℃。此等聚合物可由如此項技術中已知的一或多種類型之重複單元。In addition to the polymers mentioned above, highly crystalline aromatic polymers may also be used in the polymer composition. Particularly suitable examples of such polymers are liquid crystalline polymers, which have a high degree of crystallinity such that they can effectively fill small spaces in molds. Liquid crystal polymers are generally classified as "thermotropic" to the extent that they can have rod-like structures and exhibit crystallization behavior in their molten state (eg, a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal state). Such polymers typically have a temperature of about 120°C to about 340°C, in some embodiments about 140°C to about 320°C, and in some embodiments, about DTUL value from 150℃ to about 300℃. These polymers also have relatively high melting temperatures, such as from about 250°C to about 400°C, in some embodiments from about 280°C to about 390°C, and in some embodiments, from about 300°C to about 380°C. Such polymers may be composed of one or more types of repeating units as are known in the art.

液晶聚合物可(例如)含有一或多個芳族酯重複單元，通常以該聚合物之約60莫耳%至100莫耳%，在一些實施例中約70莫耳%至約99.5莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約80莫耳%至約99莫耳%之量。該等芳族酯重複單元可一般由下式(V)表示： (V) 其中，環B係經取代或未經取代之6員芳基(例如，1,4-伸苯基或1,3-伸苯基)、稠合至經取代或未經取代之5或6員芳基之經取代或未經取代之6員芳基(例如，2,6-萘)或連接至經取代或未經取代之5或6員芳基之經取代或未經取代之6員芳基(例如，4,4-伸聯苯)；及 Y ₁及Y ₂獨立地係O、C(O)、NH、C(O)HN或NHC(O)。 The liquid crystalline polymer may, for example, contain one or more aromatic ester repeating units, typically at about 60 to 100 mole %, and in some embodiments about 70 to about 99.5 mole % of the polymer. %, and in some embodiments, from about 80 mole % to about 99 mole %. The aromatic ester repeating units may generally be represented by the following formula (V): (V) Wherein, Ring B is a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered aryl group (for example, 1,4-phenylene or 1,3-phenylene), fused to a substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered aryl group of a 6-membered aryl group (for example, 2,6-naphthalene) or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered aryl group connected to a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered aryl group 6-membered aryl (eg, 4,4-biphenyl); and Y ₁ and Y ₂ are independently O, C(O), NH, C(O)HN, or NHC(O).

通常，Y ₁及Y ₂中之至少一者係C(O)。此等芳族酯重複單元之實例可包括(例如)芳族二羧酸重複單元(式V中之Y ₁及Y ₂係C(O))、芳族羥基羧酸重複單元(式V中Y ₁係O及Y ₂係C(O))，及其各種組合。 Typically, at least one of Y ₁ and Y ₂ is C(O). Examples of such aromatic ester repeating units may include, for example, aromatic dicarboxylic acid repeating units (Y ₁ and Y ₂ in Formula V are C(O)), aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating units (Y in Formula V ₁ series O and Y ₂ series C(O)), and various combinations thereof.

可採用例如芳族二羧酸重複單元，其等係衍生自芳族二羧酸，諸如對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸、二苯醚-4,4'-二羧酸、1,6-萘二甲酸、2,7-萘二甲酸、4,4'-二羧基聯苯、雙(4-羧基苯基)醚、雙(4-羧基苯基)丁烷、雙(4-羧基苯基)乙烷、雙(3-羧基苯基)醚、雙(3-羧基苯基)乙烷等，及其烷基、烷氧基、芳基及鹵素取代基，及其組合。特別合適之芳族二羧酸可包括(例如)對苯二甲酸(「TA」)、間苯二甲酸(「IA」)及2,6-萘二甲酸(「NDA」)。當採用時，衍生自芳族二羧酸(例如，IA、TA及/或NDA)之重複單元通常構成聚合物之約5莫耳%至約60莫耳%，在一些實施例中約10莫耳%至約50莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約20莫耳%至約40%。For example, aromatic dicarboxylic acid repeating units may be used, which are derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenylether-4,4'- Dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-dicarboxybiphenyl, bis(4-carboxyphenyl)ether, bis(4-carboxyphenyl)butane , bis(4-carboxyphenyl)ethane, bis(3-carboxyphenyl)ether, bis(3-carboxyphenyl)ethane, etc., and their alkyl, alkoxy, aryl and halogen substituents, and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids may include, for example, terephthalic acid ("TA"), isophthalic acid ("IA"), and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid ("NDA"). When employed, repeating units derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (e.g., IA, TA, and/or NDA) typically constitute about 5 mole % to about 60 mole % of the polymer, and in some embodiments about 10 mole % % to about 50 mol%, and in some embodiments, about 20 mol% to about 40%.

亦可採用芳族羥基羧酸重複單元，其等係衍生自芳族羥基羧酸，諸如4-羥基苯甲酸；4-羥基-4'-聯苯羧酸；2-羥基-6-萘甲酸；2-羥基-5-萘甲酸；3-羥基-2-萘甲酸；2-羥基-3-萘甲酸；4'-羥基苯基-4-苯甲酸；3'-羥基苯基-4-苯甲酸；4'-羥基苯基-3-苯甲酸等，及其烷基、烷氧基、芳基及鹵素取代基，及其組合。特別合適之芳族羥基羧酸係4-羥基苯甲酸(「HBA」)及6-羥基-2-萘甲酸(「HNA」)。當採用時，衍生自羥基羧酸(例如，HBA及/或HNA)之重複單元通常構成該聚合物之約10莫耳%至約75莫耳%，在一些實施例中約20莫耳%至約60莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約30莫耳%至約50%。Aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating units may also be used, which are derived from aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid; 4-hydroxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid; 2-hydroxy-5-naphthoic acid; 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid; 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid; 4'-hydroxyphenyl-4-benzoic acid; 3'-hydroxyphenyl-4-benzoic acid ; 4'-Hydroxyphenyl-3-benzoic acid, etc., and its alkyl, alkoxy, aryl and halogen substituents, and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids are 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ("HBA") and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid ("HNA"). When employed, repeating units derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids (e.g., HBA and/or HNA) typically constitute from about 10 mole % to about 75 mole % of the polymer, and in some embodiments from about 20 mole % to About 60 mol%, and in some embodiments, about 30 mol% to about 50%.

聚合物中亦可採用其他重複單元。在某些實施例中，例如，可採用衍生自芳族二醇的重複單元，諸如氫醌、間苯二酚、2,6-二羥基萘、2,7-二羥基萘、1,6-二羥基萘、4,4'-二羥基聯苯(或4,4’-聯苯酚)、3,3'-二羥基聯苯、3,4'-二羥基聯苯、4,4'-二羥基聯苯醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)乙烷等，及其烷基、烷氧基、芳基及鹵素取代基，及其組合。特別合適之芳族二醇可包括(例如)氫醌(「HQ」)及4,4’-聯苯酚(「BP」)。當採用時，衍生自芳族二醇(例如，HQ及/或BP)之重複單元通常構成該聚合物之約1莫耳%至約50莫耳%，在一些實施例中約5莫耳%至約45莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約10莫耳%至約40%。亦可採用重複單元，諸如彼等衍生自芳族醯胺(例如，對乙醯胺基酚(「APAP」))及/或芳族胺(例如，4-胺基苯酚(「AP」)、3-胺基苯酚、1,4-苯二胺、1,3-苯二胺等)者。當採用時，衍生自芳族醯胺(例如，APAP)及/或芳族胺(例如，AP)之重複單元通常構成該聚合物之約0.1莫耳%至約20莫耳%，在一些實施例中約0.5莫耳%至約15莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約1莫耳%至約10莫耳%。亦應瞭解各種其他單體重複單元可併入該聚合物內。例如，在某些實施例中，該聚合物可含有一或多個衍生自非芳族單體之重複單元，諸如脂族或環脂族羥基羧酸、二羧酸、二醇、醯胺、胺等。當然，在其他實施例中，該聚合物可為「全芳族」，因為其缺乏衍生自非芳族(例如，脂族或環脂族)單體之重複單元。Other repeating units may also be used in the polymer. In certain embodiments, for example, repeating units derived from aromatic diols such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6- Dihydroxynaphthalene, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl (or 4,4'-biphenol), 3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 3,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4'-dihydroxynaphthalene Hydroxydiphenyl ether, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, etc., and their alkyl, alkoxy, aryl and halogen substituents, and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable aromatic diols may include, for example, hydroquinone ("HQ") and 4,4'-biphenol ("BP"). When employed, repeating units derived from aromatic diols (e.g., HQ and/or BP) typically constitute from about 1 mole % to about 50 mole % of the polymer, and in some embodiments about 5 mole % to about 45 mol%, and in some embodiments, from about 10 mol% to about 40%. Repeating units may also be used, such as those derived from aromatic amide (e.g., acetaminophen ("APAP")) and/or aromatic amines (e.g., 4-aminophenol ("AP"), 3-aminophenol, 1,4-phenylenediamine, 1,3-phenylenediamine, etc.). When employed, repeating units derived from aromatic amide (e.g., APAP) and/or aromatic amines (e.g., AP) typically constitute from about 0.1 mole % to about 20 mole % of the polymer, in some implementations Examples include about 0.5 mol% to about 15 mol%, and in some embodiments, about 1 mol% to about 10 mol%. It is also understood that various other monomeric repeating units can be incorporated into the polymer. For example, in certain embodiments, the polymer may contain one or more repeating units derived from non-aromatic monomers, such as aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, glycols, amides, Amines etc. Of course, in other embodiments, the polymer may be "fully aromatic" in that it lacks repeat units derived from non-aromatic (eg, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic) monomers.

在一項特定實施例中，液晶聚合物在其含有相對高含量之衍生自環烷羥基羧酸及環烷二羧酸(諸如NDA、HNA，或其組合)之重複單元的某種程度上可為「高環烷」聚合物。即，衍生自環烷羥基羧酸及/或二羧酸(例如，NDA、HNA，或HNA及NDA之組合)之重複單元之總量通常為該聚合物之約10莫耳%或更大，在一些實施例中約12莫耳%或更大，在一些實施例中約15莫耳%或更大，及在一些實施例中，約18莫耳%至約35莫耳%。在一項實施例中，例如，衍生自NDA之重複單元可構成該聚合物之10莫耳%或更大，在一些實施例中約12莫耳%或更大，在一些實施例中約15莫耳%或更大，及在一些實施例中，約18莫耳%至約35莫耳%。當採用時，衍生自HBA之重複單元與衍生自環烷單元(例如，NDA、HNA，或兩者)之重複單元的莫耳比可選擇性控制在特定範圍內以幫助達成所需性質，諸如約1至約20，在一些實施例中約1.5至約15，及在一些實施例中，約2至約10。該聚合物亦可以約1莫耳%至約20莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約2莫耳%至約15莫耳%之量含有衍生自芳族二羧酸(例如，IA及/或TA)之重複單元；及/或以約20莫耳%至約50莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約30莫耳%至約45莫耳%之量含有衍生自芳族二醇(例如，BP及/或HQ)之重複單元。然而，在一些情況下，可需將該聚合物中此等單體之存在最小化以幫助達成所需性質。例如，衍生自芳族二羧酸(例如，IA及/或TA)及/或芳族二醇(例如，BP及/或HQ)之重複單元之總量可為該聚合物之約5莫耳%或更小，在一些實施例中約4莫耳%或更小，及在一些實施例中，約0.1莫耳%至約3莫耳%。In one particular embodiment, the liquid crystal polymer can be used to the extent that it contains a relatively high content of repeating units derived from cycloalkanehydroxycarboxylic acids and cycloalkanedicarboxylic acids, such as NDA, HNA, or combinations thereof. It is a "high naphthenic" polymer. That is, the total amount of repeating units derived from cycloalkanohydroxycarboxylic acids and/or dicarboxylic acids (e.g., NDA, HNA, or a combination of HNA and NDA) is typically about 10 mole percent or greater of the polymer, In some embodiments about 12 mol% or greater, in some embodiments about 15 mol% or greater, and in some embodiments, about 18 mol% to about 35 mol%. In one embodiment, for example, repeating units derived from NDA may constitute 10 mole % or greater of the polymer, in some embodiments about 12 mole % or greater, and in some embodiments about 15 mole % mol% or greater, and in some embodiments, from about 18 mol% to about 35 mol%. When employed, the molar ratio of repeating units derived from HBA to repeating units derived from cycloalkane units (e.g., NDA, HNA, or both) can be selectively controlled within a specific range to help achieve desired properties, such as From about 1 to about 20, in some embodiments from about 1.5 to about 15, and in some embodiments, from about 2 to about 10. The polymer may also contain aromatic dicarboxylic acids derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (e.g., IA and and/or repeating units derived from aromatic diamines in an amount of about 20 mol% to about 50 mol%, and in some embodiments, about 30 mol% to about 45 mol% Repeating units of alcohols (eg, BP and/or HQ). However, in some cases, it may be necessary to minimize the presence of such monomers in the polymer to help achieve desired properties. For example, the total amount of repeating units derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (eg, IA and/or TA) and/or aromatic glycols (eg, BP and/or HQ) may be about 5 moles of the polymer. % or less, in some embodiments about 4 mol% or less, and in some embodiments, about 0.1 mol% to about 3 mol%.

在某些實施例中，所有液晶聚合物均為諸如上文描述之「高環烷」聚合物。在其他實施例中，然而，組合物中亦可採用「低環烷」液晶聚合物，其中衍生自環烷羥基羧酸及/或二羧酸(例如，NDA、HNA，或HNA及NDA之組合)之重複單元之總量係小於該聚合物之10莫耳%，在一些實施例中約8莫耳%或更小，在一些實施例中約6莫耳%或更小，及在一些實施例中，約1莫耳%至約5莫耳%。當採用時，一般而言希望此等低環烷聚合物係僅以相對低量存在。例如，當採用時，低環烷液晶聚合物通常構成該組合物中液晶聚合物之總量之約1重量%至約50重量%，在一些實施例中約10重量%至約45重量%，及在一些實施例中，約15重量%至約40重量%，及該整個組合物之約0.5重量%至約45重量%，在一些實施例中約2重量%至約35重量%，及在一些實施例中，約5重量%至約25重量%。相反，高環烷液晶聚合物通常構成該組合物中液晶聚合物之總量之約50重量%至約99重量%，在一些實施例中約55重量%至約95重量%，及在一些實施例中，約60重量%至約85重量%，及該整個組合物之約25重量%至約65重量%，在一些實施例中約30重量%至約60重量%，及在一些實施例中，約35重量%至約55重量%。In certain embodiments, all liquid crystalline polymers are "homocycloalkane" polymers such as those described above. In other embodiments, however, "low naphthenic" liquid crystal polymers derived from naphthenic hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or dicarboxylic acids (e.g., NDA, HNA, or a combination of HNA and NDA) may also be employed in the compositions. ) is less than 10 mole % of the polymer, in some embodiments about 8 mole % or less, in some embodiments about 6 mole % or less, and in some embodiments In this example, from about 1 mol% to about 5 mol%. When employed, it is generally desirable that such low naphthenic polymers be present only in relatively low amounts. For example, when employed, the low naphthenic liquid crystal polymer generally constitutes from about 1% to about 50% by weight, and in some embodiments from about 10% to about 45% by weight of the total amount of liquid crystalline polymer in the composition. and in some embodiments, from about 15% to about 40% by weight, and from about 0.5% to about 45% by weight of the entire composition, in some embodiments from about 2% to about 35% by weight, and in In some embodiments, from about 5% to about 25% by weight. In contrast, the high naphthenic liquid crystal polymer typically constitutes from about 50% to about 99% by weight, in some embodiments from about 55% to about 95% by weight, of the total amount of liquid crystalline polymer in the composition, and in some embodiments In some embodiments, from about 60% to about 85% by weight, and from about 25% to about 65% by weight of the entire composition, in some embodiments from about 30% to about 60% by weight, and in some embodiments , about 35% by weight to about 55% by weight.

當然，除芳族聚合物外，脂族聚合物亦可適合用作聚合物基質中之高性能、熱塑性聚合物。在一項實施例中，例如，可採用聚醯胺，其等主鏈中一般具有CO-NH鍵聯且係藉由脂族二胺及脂族二羧酸之縮合、藉由內醯胺之開環聚合或胺基羧酸之自縮合獲得。例如，該聚醯胺可含有衍生自通常具有4至14個碳原子之脂族二胺之脂族重複單元。此等二胺之實例包括直鏈脂族伸烷基二胺，諸如1,4-四亞甲基二胺、1,6-己二胺、1,7-庚二胺、1,8-辛二胺、1,9-壬二胺、1,10-癸二胺、1,11-十一烷二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺等；分支鏈脂族伸烷基二胺，諸如2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、3-甲基-1,5戊二胺、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、5-甲基-1,9-壬二胺等；及其組合。脂族二羧酸可包括(例如)己二酸、癸二酸等。此等脂族聚醯胺之特定實例包括(例如)耐綸-4 (聚-α-吡咯啶酮)、耐綸-6 (聚己醯胺)、耐綸-11 (聚十一烷醯胺)、耐綸-12 (聚十二烷醯胺)、耐綸-46 (聚己二醯丁二胺)、耐綸-66 (聚己二醯己二胺)、耐綸-610及耐綸-612。耐綸-6及耐綸-66係特別合適的。Of course, in addition to aromatic polymers, aliphatic polymers may also be suitable as high performance, thermoplastic polymers in the polymer matrix. In one embodiment, for example, polyamides can be used, which generally have CO-NH bonds in the main chain and are formed through the condensation of aliphatic diamines and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, through the condensation of lactams. Obtained from ring-opening polymerization or self-condensation of aminocarboxylic acids. For example, the polyamide may contain aliphatic repeating units derived from aliphatic diamines typically having 4 to 14 carbon atoms. Examples of such diamines include linear aliphatic alkylene diamines such as 1,4-tetramethylenediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,7-heptanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine Diamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, etc.; branched chain aliphatic alkylenediamine, Such as 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 2,4,4- Trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 2,4-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine, 5-methyl-1,9- Nonanediamine, etc.; and combinations thereof. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids may include, for example, adipic acid, sebacic acid, and the like. Specific examples of such aliphatic polyamides include, for example, Nylon-4 (poly-alpha-pyrrolidone), Nylon-6 (polycaproamide), Nylon-11 (polyundecylamine ), Nylon-12 (polydodecylamine), Nylon-46 (polyethylene glycol butanediamine), Nylon-66 (polyethylene glycol hexamethylenediamine), Nylon-610 and Nylon -612. Nylon-6 and nylon-66 series are particularly suitable.

應瞭解聚醯胺中亦可包括芳族單體單元，使得認為其為芳族(僅含有芳族單體單元，其等為脂族及芳族單體單元兩者)。芳族二羧酸之實例可包括(例如)對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸、2,7-萘二甲酸、1,4-萘二甲酸、1,4-伸苯基二氧基二乙酸、1,3-伸苯基二氧基二乙酸、聯苯二甲酸、4,4'-氧基二苯甲酸、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二羧酸、二苯基碸-4,4'-二羧酸、4,4'-聯苯二羧酸等。特別合適之芳族聚醯胺可包括聚(伸壬基對苯二甲醯胺) (PA9T)、聚(伸壬基對苯二甲醯胺/伸壬基癸二醯胺) (PA9T/910)、聚(伸壬基對苯二甲醯胺/伸壬基十二烷二醯胺) (PA9T/912)、聚(伸壬基對苯二甲醯胺/11-胺基十二烷醯胺) (PA9T/11)、聚(伸壬基對苯二甲醯胺/12-胺基十二烷醯胺) (PA9T/12)、聚(癸亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/11-胺基十二烷醯胺) (PA10T/11)、聚(癸亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/12-胺基十二烷醯胺) (PA10T/12)、聚(癸亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/癸亞甲基癸二醯胺) (PA10T/1010)、聚(癸亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/癸亞甲基十二烷二醯胺) (PA10T/1012)、聚(癸亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/四亞甲基己二胺) (PA10T/46)、聚(癸亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/己內醯胺) (PA10T/6)、聚(癸亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/六亞甲基己二胺) (PA10T/66)、聚(十二亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/十二亞甲基十二烷二醯胺) (PA12T/1212)、聚(十二亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/己內醯胺) (PA12T/6)、聚(十二亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺/六亞甲基己二胺) (PA12T/66)等。It is understood that aromatic monomer units may also be included in the polyamide such that it is considered aromatic (containing only aromatic monomer units, which are both aliphatic and aromatic monomer units). Examples of aromatic dicarboxylic acids may include, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, Phenylenedioxydiacetic acid, 1,3-phenylenedioxydiacetic acid, biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid, diphenylmethane-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid Acid, diphenyltrine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, etc. Particularly suitable aromatic polyamides may include poly(nonyleneterephthalamide) (PA9T), poly(nonyleneterephthalamide/nonylenedecanediamide) (PA9T/910 ), poly(nonylene terephthalamide/nonylene dodecanediamide) (PA9T/912), poly(nonylene terephthalamide/11-aminododecanediamide) amine) (PA9T/11), poly(nonyleneterephthalamide/12-aminododecylamide) (PA9T/12), poly(decylmethyleneterephthalamide/11 -Aminododecylamide) (PA10T/11), poly(decylmethylene terephthalamide/12-aminododecylamide) (PA10T/12), poly(decylmethylene terephthalamide) Terephthalamide/decamethylene decanediamide) (PA10T/1010), poly(decamethylene terephthalamide/decamethylene dodecanediamide) (PA10T/1012 ), poly(decylmethylene terephthalamide/tetramethylene hexamethylenediamine) (PA10T/46), poly(decylmethylene terephthalamide/caprolactam) (PA10T/ 6), poly(decylmethylene terephthalamide/hexamethylene hexamethylenediamine) (PA10T/66), poly(dodedecylmethylene terephthalamide/hexamethylene 10 Dialkylene terephthalamide) (PA12T/1212), poly(dodecanediamide/caprolactamide) (PA12T/6), poly(dodecylethylene terephthalamide) /hexamethylenehexamethylenediamine) (PA12T/66), etc.

適用於聚合物基質之聚醯胺本質上通常為結晶或半結晶且因此具有可量測之熔化溫度。該熔化溫度可相對高使得該組合物可為所得零件提供相當程度之抗熱性。例如，該聚醯胺可具有約220℃或更大，在一些實施例中約240℃至約325℃，及在一些實施例中，約250℃至約335℃之熔化溫度。該聚醯胺亦可具有相對高之玻璃轉移溫度，諸如約30℃或更大，在一些實施例中約40℃或更大，及在一些實施例中，約45℃至約140℃。Polyamides suitable for use in polymer matrices are generally crystalline or semi-crystalline in nature and therefore have measurable melting temperatures. The melting temperature can be relatively high such that the composition provides a substantial degree of heat resistance to the resulting part. For example, the polyamide can have a melting temperature of about 220°C or greater, in some embodiments about 240°C to about 325°C, and in some embodiments, about 250°C to about 335°C. The polyamide may also have a relatively high glass transition temperature, such as about 30°C or greater, in some embodiments about 40°C or greater, and in some embodiments, about 45°C to about 140°C.

丙烯聚合物亦可為適用於聚合物基質中之脂族高性能聚合物。該聚合物基質中一般可採用各種丙烯聚合物中之任一者或丙烯聚合物之組合，諸如丙烯均聚物(例如，對排、雜排、同排等)、丙烯共聚物等。在一項實施例中，例如，可採用丙烯聚合物，其係同排或對排均聚物。術語「對排」一般係指一種立構規整性，其中甲基中之大部分(若非所有)沿聚合物鏈在相對側上交替。另一方面，術語「同排」一般係指一種立構規整性，其中該等甲基中之大部分(若非所有)沿該聚合物鏈之同一側。在又其他實施例中，可採用丙烯與α-烯烴單體之共聚物。合適之α-烯烴單體之特定實例可包括乙烯、1-丁烯；3-甲基-1-丁烯；3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯；1-戊烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-戊烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-己烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-庚烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-辛烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-壬烯；經乙基、甲基或二甲基取代之1-癸烯；1-十二碳烯；及苯乙烯。此等共聚物之丙烯含量可為約60莫耳%至約99莫耳%，在一些實施例中約80莫耳%至約98.5莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約87莫耳%至約97.5莫耳%。α-烯烴含量可同樣在約1莫耳%至約40莫耳%，在一些實施例中約1.5莫耳%至約15莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約2.5莫耳%至約13莫耳%之範圍內。The propylene polymer may also be an aliphatic high performance polymer suitable for use in the polymer matrix. Generally, any of a variety of propylene polymers or combinations of propylene polymers may be employed in the polymer matrix, such as propylene homopolymers (e.g., para-row, hetero-row, co-row, etc.), propylene copolymers, and the like. In one embodiment, for example, a propylene polymer may be used, which is a homopolymer or a paraparallel homopolymer. The term "pair" generally refers to a stereoregularity in which most, if not all, of the methyl groups alternate on opposite sides along the polymer chain. On the other hand, the term "isotactic" generally refers to a stereoregularity in which most, if not all, of the methyl groups are along the same side of the polymer chain. In yet other embodiments, copolymers of propylene and alpha-olefin monomers may be used. Specific examples of suitable alpha-olefin monomers may include ethylene, 1-butene; 3-methyl-1-butene; 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene; 1-pentene; having one or 1-Pentene with multiple methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-hexene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-hexene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents 1-heptene with propyl substituent; 1-octene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-nonane with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents Alkene; 1-decene substituted by ethyl, methyl or dimethyl; 1-dodecene; and styrene. The propylene content of these copolymers can be from about 60 mol% to about 99 mol%, in some embodiments from about 80 mol% to about 98.5 mol%, and in some embodiments, about 87 mol% to approximately 97.5 mol%. The alpha-olefin content may likewise range from about 1 mol% to about 40 mol%, in some embodiments from about 1.5 mol% to about 15 mol%, and in some embodiments, from about 2.5 mol% to about Within the range of 13 mol%.

合適之丙烯聚合物通常為彼等具有根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載下測定之約80℃至約250℃，在一些實施例中約100℃至約220℃，及在一些實施例中，約110℃至約200℃之DTUL值者。此等聚合物之玻璃轉移溫度可同樣為約10℃至約80℃，在一些實施例中約15℃至約70℃，及在一些實施例中，約20℃至約60℃。此外，此等聚合物之熔化溫度可為約50℃至約250℃，在一些實施例中約90℃至約220℃，及在一些實施例中，約100℃至約200℃。Suitable propylene polymers are generally those that have a temperature of about 80°C to about 250°C, in some embodiments about 100°C to about 220°C, as measured in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa, and in some embodiments For example, the DTUL value is from about 110℃ to about 200℃. The glass transition temperature of these polymers can likewise be from about 10°C to about 80°C, in some embodiments from about 15°C to about 70°C, and in some embodiments, from about 20°C to about 60°C. Additionally, the melting temperature of such polymers can be from about 50°C to about 250°C, in some embodiments from about 90°C to about 220°C, and in some embodiments, from about 100°C to about 200°C.

甲醛聚合物亦可為適用於聚合物基質中之脂族高性能聚合物。甲醛聚合物可為一或多種均聚物、共聚物，或其混合物。均聚物係藉由使甲醛或甲醛等同物(諸如甲醛之環狀寡聚物)聚合來製備。共聚物可含有一或多種一般用以製備聚甲醛組合物之共單體。常用共單體包括具有2至12個碳原子之環氧烷。若選定共聚物，則共單體之數量將通常不超過20重量百分比，在一些實施例中不超過15重量百分比，及在一些實施例中，約2重量百分比。共單體可包括環氧乙烷及環氧丁烷。該均聚物及共聚物較佳為：1)彼等其等末端羥基係藉由化學反應封端以形成酯基或醚基者；或2)未完全封端，但具有來自共單體單元之一些游離羥基端之共聚物。在任一情況下，典型端基均為乙酸酯及甲氧基。 B. 衝擊改質劑 The oxymethylene polymer can also be an aliphatic high performance polymer suitable for use in a polymer matrix. The oxymethylene polymer can be one or more homopolymers, copolymers, or mixtures thereof. Homopolymers are prepared by polymerizing formaldehyde or formaldehyde equivalents, such as cyclic oligomers of formaldehyde. The copolymer may contain one or more comonomers commonly used in preparing polyoxymethylene compositions. Common comonomers include alkylene oxides having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. If a copolymer is selected, the amount of comonomers will generally be no more than 20 weight percent, in some embodiments no more than 15 weight percent, and in some embodiments, about 2 weight percent. Comonomers may include ethylene oxide and butylene oxide. The homopolymers and copolymers are preferably: 1) those whose terminal hydroxyl groups are capped through chemical reactions to form ester groups or ether groups; or 2) which are not completely capped, but have comonomer units derived from A copolymer with some free hydroxyl ends. In either case, typical end groups are acetate and methoxy. B. Impact modifier

如上文指示，聚合物組合物內亦採用衝擊改質劑。通常，該(等)衝擊改質劑構成每100重量份之聚芳硫醚約1至約20重量份，在一些實施例中約2至約15重量份，及在一些實施例中，約5至約10重量份。例如，該等衝擊改質劑可構成該聚合物組合物之約0.1重量%至約20重量%，在一些實施例中約0.5重量%至約15重量%，及在一些實施例中，約1重量%至約10重量%。As indicated above, impact modifiers are also employed within the polymer composition. Typically, the impact modifier(s) constitute from about 1 to about 20 parts by weight, in some embodiments from about 2 to about 15 parts by weight, and in some embodiments, about 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyarylene sulfide. to about 10 parts by weight. For example, the impact modifiers may constitute from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, and in some embodiments, about 1% by weight. % by weight to about 10% by weight.

合適之衝擊改質劑之實例可包括(例如)聚環氧化物、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚丁二烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚醯胺、嵌段共聚物(例如，聚醚-聚醯胺嵌段共聚物)等，及其混合物。在一項實施例中，採用烯烴共聚物，其係經「環氧官能化」，因為其平均每個分子含有兩個或更多個環氧官能基。該共聚物一般含有衍生自一或多種α-烯烴之烯屬單體單元。此等單體之實例包括(例如)具有2至20個碳原子且通常2至8個碳原子之直鏈及/或分支鏈α-烯烴。特定實例包括乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯；3-甲基-1-丁烯；3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯；1-戊烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-戊烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-己烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-庚烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-辛烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-壬烯；經乙基、甲基或二甲基取代之1-癸烯；1-十二碳烯；及苯乙烯。特別所需之α-烯烴單體係乙烯及丙烯。該共聚物亦可含有環氧官能單體單元。此單體之一項實例係環氧官能(甲基)丙烯酸系單體組分。如本文使用，術語「(甲基)丙烯酸系」包括丙烯酸系及甲基丙烯酸系單體，及其鹽或酯，諸如丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯單體。例如，合適之環氧官能(甲基)丙烯酸系單體可包括(但不限於)彼等含有1,2-環氧基者，諸如縮水甘油丙烯酸酯及縮水甘油甲基丙烯酸酯。其他合適之環氧官能單體包括烯丙基縮水甘油醚、乙基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯及衣康酸縮水甘油醚。亦可使用其他合適之單體以幫助達成所需之分子量。Examples of suitable impact modifiers may include, for example, polyepoxides, polyurethanes, polybutadienes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyamides, block copolymers (e.g., , polyether-polyamide block copolymer), etc., and their mixtures. In one embodiment, an olefin copolymer is used, which is "epoxy functional" because it contains an average of two or more epoxy functional groups per molecule. The copolymers typically contain olefinic monomer units derived from one or more alpha-olefins. Examples of such monomers include, for example, linear and/or branched alpha-olefins having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and typically from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene; 3-methyl-1-butene; 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene; 1-pentene; having one or more methyl, ethyl groups or 1-pentene with a propyl substituent; 1-hexene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-1-pentene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents Heptene; 1-octene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-nonene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; via ethyl, methyl 1-decene substituted with methyl or dimethyl; 1-dodecene; and styrene. Particularly required alpha-olefin monosystems ethylene and propylene. The copolymer may also contain epoxy functional monomer units. One example of such a monomer is an epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomer component. As used herein, the term "(meth)acrylic" includes acrylic and methacrylic monomers, and salts or esters thereof, such as acrylate and methacrylate monomers. For example, suitable epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomers may include, but are not limited to, those containing 1,2-epoxy groups, such as glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. Other suitable epoxy functional monomers include allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl ethacrylate and glycidyl itaconate. Other suitable monomers may also be used to help achieve the desired molecular weight.

當然，共聚物亦可含有如此項技術中已知的其他單體單元。例如，另一合適之單體可包括非環氧官能之(甲基)丙烯酸系單體。此等(甲基)丙烯酸系單體之實例可包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸異丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸第二丁酯、丙烯酸異丁酯、丙烯酸第三丁酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸異戊酯、丙烯酸異冰片酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸正癸酯、丙烯酸甲基環己酯、丙烯酸環戊酯、丙烯酸環己酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸異丙酯、甲基丙烯酸異丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正戊酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸異戊酯、甲基丙烯酸二丁酯、甲基丙烯酸第三丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲基環己酯、甲基丙烯酸肉桂醯酯、甲基丙烯酸巴豆酯、甲基丙烯酸環己酯、甲基丙烯酸環戊酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸異冰片酯等，及其組合。在一項特定實施例中，例如，該共聚物可為由環氧官能(甲基)丙烯酸系單體組分、α-烯烴單體組分及非環氧官能(甲基)丙烯酸系單體組分形成之三元共聚物。該共聚物可(例如)為聚(乙烯-共-丙烯酸丁酯-共-甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯)，其具有下列結構：其中，x、y及z為1或更大。 Of course, the copolymers may also contain other monomer units as are known in the art. For example, another suitable monomer may include non-epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomers. Examples of such (meth)acrylic monomers may include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, second butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, third acrylate Tributyl acrylate, n-amyl acrylate, isopentyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylbutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, n-decyl acrylate, acrylic acid Methylcyclohexyl, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate , isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, isopentyl methacrylate, dibutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylbutyl methacrylate, methylcyclohexyl methacrylate, cinnamonyl methacrylate, crotyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid 2 - Ethoxyethyl ester, isobornyl methacrylate, etc., and combinations thereof. In a specific embodiment, for example, the copolymer may be composed of an epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomer component, an alpha-olefin monomer component, and a non-epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomer. The components form a terpolymer. The copolymer may, for example, be poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate), which has the following structure: where x, y and z are 1 or greater.

可選擇單體組分之相對部分以在環氧反應性與熔體流動速率之間達成平衡。更特定言之，高環氧單體含量可導致與聚芳硫醚之良好反應性，但含量過高可降低該熔體流動速率至共聚物不利影響聚合物摻合物之熔融強度之程度。因此，在大多數實施例中，環氧官能(甲基)丙烯酸系單體構成該共聚物之約1重量%至約20重量%，在一些實施例中約2重量%至約15重量%，及在一些實施例中，約3重量%至約10重量%。α-烯烴單體可同樣構成該共聚物之約55重量%至約95重量%，在一些實施例中約60重量%至約90重量%，及在一些實施例中，約65重量%至約85重量%。當採用時，其他單體組分(例如，非環氧官能(甲基)丙烯酸系單體)可構成該共聚物之約5重量%至約35重量%，在一些實施例中約8重量%至約30重量%，及在一些實施例中，約10重量%至約25重量%。所得熔體流動速率通常為根據ASTM D1238-13在2.16 kg之負載及190℃之溫度下測定的約1至約30公克每10分鐘(「g/10 min」)，在一些實施例中約2至約20 g/10 min，及在一些實施例中，約3至約15 g/10 min。The relative portions of the monomer components can be selected to achieve a balance between epoxy reactivity and melt flow rate. More specifically, high epoxy monomer levels can result in good reactivity with polyarylene sulfide, but excessive levels can reduce the melt flow rate to the point where the copolymer adversely affects the melt strength of the polymer blend. Accordingly, in most embodiments, the epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomers comprise from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the copolymer, and in some embodiments from about 2% to about 15% by weight, And in some embodiments, from about 3% to about 10% by weight. Alpha-olefin monomers may likewise comprise from about 55% to about 95% by weight of the copolymer, in some embodiments from about 60% to about 90% by weight, and in some embodiments, from about 65% to about 85% by weight. When employed, other monomer components (e.g., non-epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomers) can constitute from about 5% to about 35% by weight of the copolymer, and in some embodiments about 8% by weight to about 30% by weight, and in some embodiments, from about 10% by weight to about 25% by weight. The resulting melt flow rate is typically about 1 to about 30 grams per 10 minutes ("g/10 min"), in some embodiments about 2, measured in accordance with ASTM D1238-13 at a load of 2.16 kg and a temperature of 190°C to about 20 g/10 min, and in some embodiments, from about 3 to about 15 g/10 min.

視需要，另外衝擊改質劑亦可與環氧官能衝擊改質劑組合採用。例如，該另外衝擊改質劑可包括嵌段共聚物，其中至少一個相係由在室溫下為硬質但一經加熱即為流體之材料製成且另一相係在室溫下為橡膠狀之更軟質材料。例如，該嵌段共聚物可具有A-B或A-B-A嵌段共聚物重複結構，其中A表示硬質鏈段及B係軟質鏈段。具有A-B重複結構之衝擊改質劑之非限制性實例包括聚醯胺/聚醚、聚碸/聚二甲基矽氧烷、聚胺基甲酸酯/聚酯、聚胺基甲酸酯/聚醚、聚酯/聚醚、聚碳酸酯/聚二甲基矽氧烷及聚碳酸酯/聚醚。三嵌段共聚物可同樣含有作為硬質鏈段之聚苯乙烯及作為軟質鏈段之聚丁二烯、聚異戊二烯或聚乙烯-共-丁烯。同樣地，可採用苯乙烯丁二烯重複共聚物，及聚苯乙烯/聚異戊二烯重複聚合物。在一項特定實施例中，該嵌段共聚物可具有聚醯胺及聚醚之交替嵌段。此等材料可(例如)自Atofina以PEBAX™商標名購買獲得。聚醯胺嵌段可衍生自二酸組分及二胺組分之共聚物或可藉由環內醯胺之均聚製備。該聚醚嵌段可衍生自環狀醚(諸如環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷及四氫呋喃)之均聚物或共聚物。 C. 纖維填料 If necessary, additional impact modifiers can also be used in combination with epoxy functional impact modifiers. For example, the additional impact modifier may include a block copolymer in which at least one phase is made of a material that is rigid at room temperature but is fluid upon heating and another phase is rubbery at room temperature. Softer material. For example, the block copolymer may have an AB or ABA block copolymer repeating structure, where A represents a hard segment and B is a soft segment. Non-limiting examples of impact modifiers with AB repeating structures include polyamide/polyether, polystyrene/polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane/polyester, polyurethane/ Polyether, polyester/polyether, polycarbonate/polydimethylsiloxane and polycarbonate/polyether. Triblock copolymers can likewise contain polystyrene as hard segments and polybutadiene, polyisoprene or polyethylene-co-butylene as soft segments. Likewise, styrene-butadiene repeat copolymers, and polystyrene/polyisoprene repeat copolymers may be used. In a specific embodiment, the block copolymer may have alternating blocks of polyamide and polyether. Such materials are commercially available, for example, from Atofina under the tradename PEBAX™. The polyamide blocks may be derived from copolymers of the diacid component and the diamine component or may be prepared by homopolymerization of cyclic lactams. The polyether blocks may be derived from homopolymers or copolymers of cyclic ethers such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran. C. Fiber filler

聚合物組合物中亦採用纖維填料。此等纖維填料通常構成每100重量份之聚芳硫醚約10至約80重量份，在一些實施例中約20至約75重量份，及在一些實施例中，約25至約60重量份。例如，纖維填料可構成該聚合物組合物之約10重量%至約60重量%，在一些實施例中約15重量%至約50重量%，及在一些實施例中，約20重量%至約45重量%。Fiber fillers are also used in polymer compositions. Such fibrous fillers typically constitute from about 10 to about 80 parts by weight, in some embodiments from about 20 to about 75 parts by weight, and in some embodiments from about 25 to about 60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyarylene sulfide. . For example, fibrous fillers may constitute from about 10% to about 60% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 15% to about 50% by weight, and in some embodiments, from about 20% to about 20% by weight. 45% by weight.

一般可採用各種不同類型之纖維中之任一者，諸如彼等衍生自玻璃之無機纖維；矽酸鹽，諸如新矽酸鹽、雙島狀矽酸鹽、鏈狀矽酸鹽(例如，鏈狀矽酸鈣，諸如矽灰石；鏈狀矽酸鈣鎂，諸如透閃石；鏈狀矽酸鈣鎂鐵，諸如陽起石；鏈狀矽酸鎂鐵，諸如直閃石等)、層狀矽酸鹽(例如，層狀矽酸鋁，諸如坡縷石)、架狀矽酸鹽等；硫酸鹽，諸如硫酸鈣(例如，脫水或無水石膏)；礦棉(例如，岩棉或渣棉)等。玻璃纖維係特別適用於本發明中，諸如彼等由E-玻璃、A-玻璃、C-玻璃、D-玻璃、AR-玻璃、R-玻璃、S1-玻璃、S2-玻璃等，及其混合物形成者。視需要，該等玻璃纖維可具備如此項技術中已知的上漿劑或其他塗料。Generally any of a variety of different types of fibers may be used, such as inorganic fibers derived from glass; silicates, such as neosilicate, double island silicate, chain silicate (e.g., chain silicates). Chain-like calcium silicate, such as wollastonite; chain-like calcium magnesium silicate, such as tremolite; chain-like calcium magnesium iron silicate, such as actinolite; chain-like magnesium iron silicate, such as anthophyllite, etc.), layered silica Salts (for example, layered aluminum silicate, such as palygorskite), shelf silicate, etc.; Sulfates, such as calcium sulfate (for example, dehydrated or anhydrite); Mineral wool (for example, rock wool or slag wool) wait. Glass fiber systems are particularly suitable for use in the present invention, such as those consisting of E-glass, A-glass, C-glass, D-glass, AR-glass, R-glass, S1-glass, S2-glass, etc., and mixtures thereof formator. If desired, the glass fibers may be provided with sizing or other coatings as known in the art.

纖維可具有任何所需之橫剖面形狀，諸如圓形、扁平等。在某些實施例中，可希望採用具有相對扁平橫剖面尺寸之纖維，因為其等具有約1.5至約10，在一些實施例中約2至約8，及在一些實施例中，約3至約5之縱橫比(即，橫剖面寬度除以橫剖面厚度)。當以某一濃度採用此等扁平纖維時，其等可進一步改良模製零件之機械性質而對聚合物組合物之熔體黏度無重大不利影響。該等纖維可(例如)具有約1至約50微米，在一些實施例中約5至約50微米，及在一些實施例中，約10至約35微米之標稱寬度。該等纖維亦可具有約0.5至約30微米，在一些實施例中約1至約20微米，及在一些實施例中，約3至約15微米之標稱厚度。此外，該等纖維可具有窄尺寸分配。即，至少約60體積%之該等纖維，在一些實施例中至少約70體積%之該等纖維，及在一些實施例中，至少約80體積%之該等纖維可具有於上文指示之範圍內之寬度及/或厚度。於模製零件中，該等纖維之體積平均長度可為約10至約500微米，在一些實施例中約100至約400微米，及在一些實施例中，約150至約350微米。 D. 可選組分 The fibers can have any desired cross-sectional shape, such as round, flat, etc. In certain embodiments, it may be desirable to employ fibers with relatively flat cross-sectional dimensions, such as from about 1.5 to about 10, in some embodiments from about 2 to about 8, and in some embodiments, from about 3 to An aspect ratio of approximately 5 (ie, cross-sectional width divided by cross-sectional thickness). When these flat fibers are used in certain concentrations, they can further improve the mechanical properties of molded parts without significant adverse effects on the melt viscosity of the polymer composition. The fibers may, for example, have a nominal width of about 1 to about 50 microns, in some embodiments about 5 to about 50 microns, and in some embodiments, about 10 to about 35 microns. The fibers may also have a nominal thickness of about 0.5 to about 30 microns, in some embodiments about 1 to about 20 microns, and in some embodiments, about 3 to about 15 microns. Additionally, the fibers can have a narrow size distribution. That is, at least about 60% by volume of the fibers, in some embodiments at least about 70% by volume of the fibers, and in some embodiments at least about 80% by volume of the fibers may have as indicated above width and/or thickness within the range. In molded parts, the fibers can have a volume average length of about 10 to about 500 microns, in some embodiments about 100 to about 400 microns, and in some embodiments, about 150 to about 350 microns. D. Optional components

除上文指示之組分外，聚合物組合物亦可含有各種其他可選組分以幫助改良其整體性質。在一項實施例中，例如，該聚合物組合物中可採用矽氧烷聚合物。此(等)矽氧烷聚合物通常構成每100重量份之聚芳硫醚約0.05至約10重量份，在一些實施例中約0.1至約8重量份，及在一些實施例中，約0.5至約5重量份。例如，矽氧烷聚合物可構成該聚合物組合物之約0.05重量%至約15重量%，在一些實施例中約0.5重量%至約10重量%，及在一些實施例中，約1重量%至約8重量%。不希望受理論約束，據信該矽氧烷聚合物可尤其改良該組合物之加工，諸如藉由提供更好之充模、內部潤滑、脫模等。此外，亦據信該矽氧烷聚合物不太可能遷移或擴散至該組合物之表面，此進一步將相分離之可能性最小化並進一步有助於抑制衝擊能量。該矽氧烷聚合物一般具有高分子量，諸如約100,000公克每莫耳或更大，在一些實施例中約200,000公克每莫耳或更大，及在一些實施例中，約500,000公克每莫耳至約2,000,000公克每莫耳之重量平均分子量。該矽氧烷聚合物在25℃下亦可具有相對高之運動黏度，諸如約10,000厘司或更大，在一些實施例中約30,000厘司或更大，及在一些實施例中，約50,000至約50 x 10 ⁶厘司，諸如約1 ×10 ⁶至50×10 ⁶厘司。矽氧烷聚合物之黏度可根據ASTM D445-21測定。 In addition to the components indicated above, the polymer composition may also contain various other optional components to help improve its overall properties. In one embodiment, for example, a siloxane polymer may be used in the polymer composition. The siloxane polymer(s) typically constitutes from about 0.05 to about 10 parts by weight, in some embodiments from about 0.1 to about 8 parts by weight, and in some embodiments, about 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyarylene sulfide. to about 5 parts by weight. For example, the siloxane polymer may comprise from about 0.05% to about 15% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, and in some embodiments, about 1% by weight % to about 8% by weight. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the siloxane polymer may, among other things, improve processing of the composition, such as by providing better mold filling, internal lubrication, mold release, etc. In addition, it is also believed that the siloxane polymer is less likely to migrate or diffuse to the surface of the composition, which further minimizes the possibility of phase separation and further helps to suppress impact energy. The siloxane polymer generally has a high molecular weight, such as about 100,000 grams per mole or greater, in some embodiments about 200,000 grams per mole or greater, and in some embodiments, about 500,000 grams per mole. to a weight average molecular weight of approximately 2,000,000 grams per mole. The siloxane polymer may also have a relatively high kinematic viscosity at 25°C, such as about 10,000 centistokes or greater, in some embodiments about 30,000 centistokes or greater, and in some embodiments, about 50,000 centistokes to about 50 x 10 ⁶ centistokes, such as about 1 x 10 ⁶ to 50 x 10 ⁶ centistokes. The viscosity of siloxane polymers can be measured according to ASTM D445-21.

聚合物組合物中一般可採用各種高分子量矽氧烷聚合物中之任一者。高分子量矽氧烷聚合物一般包括基於矽氧烷之單體殘基重複單元。如本文使用，「矽氧烷」表示具有以下結構之單體殘基重複單元：其中R ¹及R ²獨立地係氫或烴基部分，其於聚矽氧化學中稱為「M」基團。 Generally any of a variety of high molecular weight siloxane polymers may be employed in the polymer composition. High molecular weight siloxane polymers generally include repeating units of siloxane-based monomeric residues. As used herein, "siloxane" means a repeating unit of monomeric residues having the following structure: Among them, R ¹ and R ² are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl moieties, which are called "M" groups in polysiloxane chemistry.

聚矽氧可包括分支點，諸如其於聚矽氧化學中稱為「Q」基團，或其於聚矽氧化學中稱為「T」基團。 The polysiloxane may include branching points such as It is called the "Q" group in polysiloxane chemistry, or It is called the "T" group in polysiloxane chemistry.

如本文使用，術語「烴基」表示藉由自烴移除氫原子形成之單價基團(例如，烷基，諸如乙基，或芳基，諸如苯基)。在一或多項實施例中，矽氧烷單體殘基可為任何二烷基、二芳基、二烷芳基或二芳烷基矽氧烷，具有相同或不同之烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基部分。在一實施例中，R ¹及R ²中之各者獨立地係C ₁至C ₂₀、C ₁至C ₁₂或C ₁至C ₆烷基(例如，甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等)、芳基(例如，苯基)、烷芳基、芳烷基、環烷基(例如，環戊基)、芳烯基、烯基、環烯基(例如，環己烯基)、烷氧基(例如，甲氧基)等，及其組合。在各種實施例中，R ¹及R ²可具有相同或不同數量之碳原子。在各種實施例中，R ¹及R ²中之各者之烴基為飽和及視需要直鏈之烷基。另外，針對聚合物鏈之R ¹及R ²中之各者，此等實施例中之烷基可係相同的。適用於R ¹及R ²中之烷基之非限制性實例包括甲基、乙基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、異丁基、第三丁基，或其兩種或更多種之組合。 As used herein, the term "hydrocarbyl" refers to a monovalent group formed by removal of a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon (eg, an alkyl group, such as ethyl, or an aryl group, such as phenyl). In one or more embodiments, the siloxane monomer residues can be any dialkyl, diaryl, dialkaryl or diaralkylsiloxane, with the same or different alkyl, aryl, Alkaryl or aralkyl moiety. In one embodiment, each of R ¹ and R ² is independently C ₁ to C ₂₀ , C ₁ to C ₁₂ , or C ₁ to C ₆ alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl group, etc.), aryl (e.g., phenyl), alkaryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl), arylalkenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl (e.g., cyclohexenyl) , alkoxy (eg, methoxy), etc., and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, R ¹ and R ² may have the same or different numbers of carbon atoms. In various embodiments, the hydrocarbyl group of each of R ¹ and R ² is a saturated and optionally linear alkyl group. Additionally, the alkyl groups in these embodiments may be the same for each of ^R1 and ^R2 of the polymer chain. Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups suitable for ^R1 and ^R2 include methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, or both. one or more combinations.

另外，矽氧烷聚合物可含有各種封端基團作為R ¹及/或R ²基團，諸如乙烯基、羥基、氫化物、異氰酸酯基、環氧基、酸基、鹵素原子、烷氧基、醯氧基、酮肟酯基團(ketoximate group)、胺基、醯胺基、酸醯胺基、胺基氧基、巰基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷氧基或胺氧基及其組合。另外，聚合物組合物可包括兩種或更多種矽氧烷聚合物之混合物。 In addition, the siloxane polymer may contain various end-capping groups as ^R1 and/or ^R2 groups, such as vinyl, hydroxyl, hydride, isocyanate group, epoxy group, acid group, halogen atom, alkoxy group , acyloxy group, ketoximate group, amine group, amide group, acid amide group, amineoxy group, mercapto group, alkenyloxy group, alkoxyalkoxy group or amineoxy group, and combination. Additionally, the polymer composition may include a mixture of two or more siloxane polymers.

在一些實施例中，高分子量矽氧烷聚合物可藉由使具有低重量平均分子量(例如，小於100,000公克每莫耳之分子量)之多種矽氧烷聚合物與聚矽氧烷連接子共聚證明。在一項特定實施例中，例如，樹脂可藉由使一或多種低分子矽氧烷聚合物與直鏈聚二有機矽氧烷連接子共聚形成，諸如 Juen 等人之美國專利第6,072,012號中描述。大體上直鏈聚二有機矽氧烷連接子可具有下列通式： (R ³ _(3-p)R ⁴ _pSiO _1/2)(R ³ ₂SiO _2/2) _x((R ³R ⁴SiO _2/2)(R ³ ₂SiO _2/2) _x) _y(R ³ _(3-p)R ⁴ _pSiO _1/2) 其中，各R ³係獨立地選自由以下組成之群之單價基團：烷基、芳基及芳基烷基；各R ⁴係獨立地選自由以下組成之群之單價基團：氫、羥基、烷氧基、肟基、烷基肟基及芳基肟基，其中各分子中通常存在至少兩個R ⁵基團且結合至不同之矽原子； p係0、1、2或3； x在0至200，及在一些實施例中，0至100之範圍內；及 y在0至200，及在一些實施例中，0至100之範圍內。 In some embodiments, high molecular weight siloxane polymers can be demonstrated by copolymerizing siloxane polymers with low weight average molecular weights (e.g., less than 100,000 grams per mole) with polysiloxane linkers. . In one specific embodiment, for example, the resin can be formed by copolymerizing one or more low molecular weight siloxane polymers with linear polydiorganosiloxane linkers, such as in U.S. Patent No. 6,072,012 to Juen et al. describe. Generally, linear polydiorganosiloxane linkers can have the following general formula: (R ³ _(3-p) R ⁴ _p SiO _1/2 )(R ³ ₂ SiO _2/2 ) _x ((R ³ R ⁴ SiO _2/2 )(R ³ ₂ SiO _2/2 ) _x ) _y (R ³ _(3-p) R ⁴ _p SiO _1/2 ) wherein, each R ³ is a monovalent group independently selected from the group consisting of Group: alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl; each R ⁴ is a monovalent group independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, oxime, alkyl oxime and aryl oxime , where at least two R ⁵ groups are typically present in each molecule and are bound to different silicon atoms; p is 0, 1, 2, or 3; x ranges from 0 to 200, and in some embodiments, from 0 to 100 within; and y ranges from 0 to 200, and in some embodiments, 0 to 100.

在某些實施例中，矽氧烷聚合物可以包括載體樹脂之母料形式提供。該載體樹脂可(例如)構成聚合物組合物之約0.05重量%至約15重量%，在一些實施例中約0.1重量%至約10重量%，及在一些實施例中，約0.5重量%至約8重量%。可採用各種載體樹脂中之任一者，諸如聚烯烴(乙烯聚合物、丙烯聚合物等)、聚醯胺等。在一項實施例中，例如，該載體樹脂係乙烯聚合物。該乙烯聚合物可為乙烯及α-烯烴(諸如C ₃-C ₂₀α-烯烴或C ₃-C ₁₂α-烯烴)之共聚物。合適之α-烯烴可為直鏈或分支鏈(例如，一或多種C ₁-C ₃烷基分支鏈或芳基)。特定實例包括1-丁烯；3-甲基-1-丁烯；3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯；1-戊烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-戊烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-己烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-庚烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-辛烯；具有一或多個甲基、乙基或丙基取代基之1-壬烯；經乙基、甲基或二甲基取代之1-癸烯；1-十二碳烯；及苯乙烯。特別所需之α-烯烴共單體係1-丁烯、1-己烯及1-辛烯。此等共聚物之乙烯含量可為約60莫耳%至約99莫耳%，在一些實施例中約80莫耳%至約98.5莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約87莫耳%至約97.5莫耳%。該α-烯烴含量可同樣在約1莫耳%至約40莫耳%，在一些實施例中約1.5莫耳%至約15莫耳%，及在一些實施例中，約2.5莫耳%至約13莫耳%之範圍內。該乙烯聚合物之密度可取決於採用之聚合物之類型而變化，但一般在約0.85至約0.96公克每立方厘米(g/cm ³)之範圍內。例如，聚乙烯「塑性體」可具有在約0.85至約0.91 g/cm ³之範圍內之密度。同樣地，「直鏈低密度聚乙烯」 (LLDPE)可具有在約0.91至約0.940 g/cm ³之範圍內之密度；「低密度聚乙烯」 (LDPE)可具有在約0.910至約0.940 g/cm ³之範圍內之密度；及「高密度聚乙烯」 (HDPE)可具有在約0.940至約0.960 g/cm ³之範圍內之密度，諸如根據ASTM D792測定。可採用之高分子量矽氧烷聚合物母料之一些非限制性實例包括(例如)彼等可自Dow Corning以商品名稱MB50-001、MB50-002、MB50-313、MB50-314及MB50-321購買獲得者。 In certain embodiments, the siloxane polymer may be provided in a masterbatch including a carrier resin. The carrier resin may, for example, constitute from about 0.05% to about 15% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, and in some embodiments, from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight. About 8% by weight. Any of a variety of carrier resins may be used, such as polyolefins (ethylene polymers, propylene polymers, etc.), polyamides, and the like. In one embodiment, for example, the carrier resin is an ethylene polymer. The ethylene polymer may be a copolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefin, such as a _C3 - _C20 alpha-olefin or a _C3 - _C12 alpha-olefin. Suitable alpha-olefins may be straight chain or branched (eg, one or more C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl branches or aryl). Specific examples include 1-butene; 3-methyl-1-butene; 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene; 1-pentene; having one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substitutions 1-pentene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-hexene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-heptene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-octene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; 1-nonene with one or more methyl, ethyl or propyl substituents; via ethyl, methyl or dimethyl Substituted 1-decene; 1-dodecene; and styrene. Particularly desired alpha-olefin co-monosystems are 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene. The ethylene content of these copolymers can be from about 60 mol% to about 99 mol%, in some embodiments from about 80 mol% to about 98.5 mol%, and in some embodiments, about 87 mol% to approximately 97.5 mol%. The alpha-olefin content may likewise range from about 1 mol% to about 40 mol%, in some embodiments from about 1.5 mol% to about 15 mol%, and in some embodiments, from about 2.5 mol% to about Within the range of approximately 13 mol%. The density of the ethylene polymer can vary depending on the type of polymer used, but generally ranges from about 0.85 to about 0.96 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm ³ ). For example, polyethylene "plastomers" can have a density in the range of about 0.85 to about 0.91 g/ ^cm . Likewise, "linear low-density polyethylene" (LLDPE) may have a density in the range of about 0.91 to about 0.940 g/ ^cm ; "low-density polyethylene" (LDPE) may have a density in the range of about 0.910 to about 0.940 g / ^cm3 ; and "high density polyethylene" (HDPE) may have a density in the range of about 0.940 to about 0.960 g/ ^cm3 , such as measured according to ASTM D792. Some non-limiting examples of high molecular weight siloxane polymer masterbatches that may be used include, for example, those available from Dow Corning under the trade designations MB50-001, MB50-002, MB50-313, MB50-314, and MB50-321 Buy the winner.

視需要，聚合物組合物亦可採用有機矽烷化合物，諸如以每100重量份之聚芳硫醚約0.1至約8重量份，在一些實施例中約0.3至約5重量份，及在一些實施例中，約0.5至約3重量份之量。例如，有機矽烷化合物可構成該聚合物組合物之約0.01重量%至約3重量%，在一些實施例中約0.02重量%至約2重量%，及在一些實施例中，約0.05至約1重量%。該有機矽烷化合物可(例如)為如此項技術中已知的任何烷氧基矽烷，諸如乙烯烷氧基矽烷、環氧烷氧基矽烷、胺基烷氧基矽烷、巰基烷氧基矽烷，及其組合。在一項實施例中，例如，該有機矽烷化合物可具有下列通式： R ⁵-Si-(R ⁶) ₃，其中， R ⁵係硫化物基團(例如，-SH)、含有1至10個碳原子之烷基硫化物(例如，巰基丙基、巰基乙基、巰基丁基等)、含有2至10個碳原子之烯基硫化物、含有2至10個碳原子之炔基硫化物、胺基(例如，NH ₂)、含有1至10個碳原子之胺基烷基(例如，胺基甲基、胺基乙基、胺基丙基、胺基丁基等)；含有2至10個碳原子之胺基烯基、含有2至10個碳原子之胺基炔基等； R ⁶係具有1至10個碳原子之烷氧基，諸如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基等。 If desired, the polymer composition may also use an organosilane compound, such as from about 0.1 to about 8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyarylene sulfide, in some embodiments from about 0.3 to about 5 parts by weight, and in some embodiments In this example, the amount is about 0.5 to about 3 parts by weight. For example, the organosilane compound may constitute from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.02% to about 2% by weight, and in some embodiments, from about 0.05 to about 1% by weight. weight%. The organosilane compound may, for example, be any alkoxysilane known in the art, such as vinyl alkoxysilane, epoxyalkoxysilane, aminoalkoxysilane, mercaptoalkoxysilane, and its combination. In one embodiment, for example, the organosilane compound may have the following general formula: R ⁵ -Si-(R ⁶ ) ₃ , wherein R ⁵ is a sulfide group (eg, -SH), containing 1 to 10 Alkyl sulfides containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g., mercaptopropyl, mercaptoethyl, mercaptobutyl, etc.), alkenyl sulfides containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and alkynyl sulfides containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms , amino group (for example, NH ₂ ), aminoalkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl, etc.); containing 2 to Aminoalkenyl with 10 carbon atoms, aminoalkynyl with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, etc.; R ⁶ is an alkoxy group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy Key et al.

混合物中可包括之有機矽烷化合物之一些代表性實例包括巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、巰基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、胺基乙基三乙氧基矽烷、胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、胺基乙基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯三乙氧基矽烷、乙炔三甲氧基矽烷、乙炔三乙氧基矽烷、胺基乙基胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷或3-胺基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、N-(2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-甲基-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-苯基-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲氧基矽烷、雙(3-胺基丙基)四乙氧基二矽氧烷、γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、N-(β-胺基乙基)-γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-苯基-γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-二烯丙基胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-二烯丙基胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷等，及其組合。特別合適之有機矽烷化合物係3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷及3-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷。Some representative examples of organosilane compounds that may be included in the mixture include mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminoethyltriethoxysilane , aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethyltrimethoxysilane, ethylenetrimethoxysilane, ethylenetriethoxysilane, acetylenetrimethoxysilane, acetylenetriethoxysilane, aminoethylamine Propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane or 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Methyl diethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-methyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-benzene Base-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethoxysilane, bis(3-aminopropyl)tetraethoxydisiloxane, γ-amino Propyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N-( β-Aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-diallylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-diallylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, etc., and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable organosilane compounds are 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

聚合物組合物亦可含有熱穩定劑。以實例說明之，該熱穩定劑可為亞磷酸鹽穩定劑，諸如有機亞磷酸鹽。例如，合適之亞磷酸鹽穩定劑包括單亞磷酸鹽及雙亞磷酸鹽，其中該雙亞磷酸鹽具有抑制吸濕及/或具有相對高之螺環異構體含量之分子構型。例如，可選擇螺環異構體含量大於90%，諸如大於95%，諸如大於98%之雙亞磷酸鹽穩定劑。此等雙亞磷酸鹽穩定劑之特定實例包括(例如)雙(2,4-二異丙苯基苯基)新戊四醇雙亞磷酸鹽、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)新戊四醇雙亞磷酸鹽、二硬脂基新戊四醇雙亞磷酸鹽，其混合物等。當採用時，熱穩定劑通常構成該組合物之約0.1重量%至約3重量%，及在一些實施例中，約0.2重量%至約2重量%。The polymer composition may also contain thermal stabilizers. By way of example, the heat stabilizer may be a phosphite stabilizer, such as an organic phosphite. For example, suitable phosphite stabilizers include monophosphites and bisphosphites, wherein the bisphosphite has a molecular configuration that inhibits hygroscopicity and/or has a relatively high spiro isomer content. For example, a bisphosphite stabilizer may be selected that has a spiro isomer content greater than 90%, such as greater than 95%, such as greater than 98%. Specific examples of such bisphosphite stabilizers include, for example, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)nepententerythritol bisphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl Phenyl) neopenterythritol bisphosphite, distearyl neopenterythritol bisphosphite, mixtures thereof, etc. When employed, heat stabilizers typically constitute from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and in some embodiments, from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight.

亦可採用成核劑以進一步增強組合物之結晶性質。此成核劑之一項實例係無機結晶化合物，諸如含硼化合物(例如，氮化硼、四硼酸鈉、四硼酸鉀、四硼酸鈣等)、鹼土金屬碳酸鹽(例如，碳酸鈣鎂)、氧化物(例如，氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氧化鎂、氧化鋅、三氧化銻等)、矽酸鹽(例如，滑石、矽酸鋁鈉、矽酸鈣、矽酸鎂等)、鹼土金屬之鹽(例如，碳酸鈣、硫酸鈣等)等。已發現當本發明之聚合物組合物中採用時，氮化硼(BN)係特別有利的。氮化硼以各種不同之結晶形式(例如，h-BN-六角形、c-BN-立方體或紅柱石(spharlerite)及w-BN-纖鋅礦)存在，本發明中一般可採用其等中之任一者。該六角形結晶形式由於其穩定性及柔軟度而特別合適。Nucleating agents may also be used to further enhance the crystalline properties of the composition. One example of such nucleating agents are inorganic crystalline compounds such as boron-containing compounds (e.g., boron nitride, sodium tetraborate, potassium tetraborate, calcium tetraborate, etc.), alkaline earth metal carbonates (e.g., calcium magnesium carbonate), Oxides (for example, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony trioxide, etc.), silicates (for example, talc, sodium aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, etc.), salts of alkaline earth metals (For example, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc.) etc. Boron nitride (BN) has been found to be particularly advantageous when used in the polymer compositions of the present invention. Boron nitride exists in various crystalline forms (for example, h-BN-hexagonal, c-BN-cubic or andalusite (sharlerite) and w-BN-wurtzite), among which generally can be used in the present invention. Any of them. This hexagonal crystalline form is particularly suitable due to its stability and softness.

視需要，交聯系統亦可與任何可選衝擊改質劑組合採用以幫助進一步改良組合物在各種不同條件下之強度及可撓性。在此等情況下，交聯產物可由含有聚芳硫醚之可交聯聚合物組合物，結合衝擊改質劑、矽氧烷聚合物、填料及交聯系統及任何其他添加劑中之一或多者一起形成。當採用時，可含有一或多種交聯劑之此交聯系統通常構成每100份該(等)聚芳硫醚約0.1至約15份，在一些實施例中約0.2至約10份，及在一些實施例中，約0.5至約5份，及該聚合物組合物之約0.05重量%至約15重量%，在一些實施例中約0.1重量%至約10重量%，及在一些實施例中，約0.2重量%至約5重量%。通過使用此交聯系統，該聚芳硫醚及衝擊改質劑之相容性及分配可得到顯著改良。例如，該衝擊改質劑可以奈米級尺寸之離散域形式分散於聚合物組合物內。例如，該等域可具有約1至約1000奈米，在一些實施例中約5至約800奈米，在一些實施例中約10至約500奈米之平均橫剖面尺寸。該等域可具有各種不同之形狀，諸如橢圓形、球形、圓柱形、板狀、管狀等。此經改良之分散可導致更好之機械性質或容許在較低量之衝擊改質劑下達成之等效機械性質。If desired, the cross-linking system can also be used in combination with any optional impact modifiers to help further improve the strength and flexibility of the composition under a variety of conditions. In such cases, the cross-linked product may consist of a cross-linkable polymer composition containing polyarylene sulfide, combined with one or more of impact modifiers, siloxane polymers, fillers and cross-linking systems and any other additives. formed together. When employed, such cross-linking systems, which may contain one or more cross-linking agents, typically constitute from about 0.1 to about 15 parts, in some embodiments from about 0.2 to about 10 parts, per 100 parts of the polyarylene sulfide(s), and In some embodiments, from about 0.5 to about 5 parts, and from about 0.05 to about 15% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, and in some embodiments Medium, about 0.2% by weight to about 5% by weight. By using this cross-linking system, the compatibility and distribution of the polyarylene sulfide and impact modifier can be significantly improved. For example, the impact modifier may be dispersed within the polymer composition in the form of discrete domains of nanometer size. For example, the domains may have an average cross-sectional dimension of about 1 to about 1000 nanometers, in some embodiments about 5 to about 800 nanometers, and in some embodiments about 10 to about 500 nanometers. The domains can have a variety of different shapes, such as ellipses, spheres, cylinders, plates, tubes, etc. This improved dispersion may result in better mechanical properties or allow equivalent mechanical properties to be achieved at lower amounts of impact modifier.

交聯系統內一般可採用各種不同交聯劑中之任一者。在一項實施例中，例如，該交聯系統可包括金屬羧酸鹽。不希望受理論約束，據信該羧酸鹽中之金屬原子可充當路易士酸，其接受來自位於衝擊改質劑之官能基(例如，環氧官能基)中之氧原子的電子。倘若其與該羧酸鹽反應，則該官能基可經活化且可容易經由親核取代於三員環中於任一碳原子處受攻擊，藉此導致於該衝擊改質劑的鏈之間交聯。該金屬羧酸鹽通常為脂肪酸之金屬鹽。該鹽中採用之金屬陽離子可變化，但通常為二價金屬，諸如鈣、鎂、鉛、鋇、鍶、鋅、鐵、鎘、鎳、銅、錫等，及其混合物。鋅係特別合適的。該脂肪酸一般可為碳鏈長度約8至22個碳原子，及在一些實施例中，約10至約18個碳原子之任何飽和或不飽和酸。視需要，該酸可經取代。合適之脂肪酸可包括(例如)月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、二十二酸、油酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、蓖麻油酸、癸酸、新癸酸、氫化牛脂脂肪酸、羥基硬脂酸、氫化蓖麻油之脂肪酸、芥酸、椰子油脂肪酸等，及其混合物。金屬羧酸鹽通常構成聚合物組合物之約0.05重量%至約5重量%，在一些實施例中約0.1重量%至約2重量%，及在一些實施例中，約0.2重量%至約1重量%。Any of a variety of different cross-linking agents can generally be used within the cross-linking system. In one embodiment, for example, the cross-linking system may include a metal carboxylate. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the metal atoms in the carboxylate may act as Lewis acids that accept electrons from oxygen atoms located in functional groups of the impact modifier (eg, epoxy functional groups). If it reacts with the carboxylate, the functional group may be activated and may be susceptible to attack at any carbon atom in the three-membered ring via nucleophilic substitution, thereby leading to interchain formation of the impact modifier. Cross-linking. The metal carboxylate is usually a metal salt of a fatty acid. The metal cation employed in the salt may vary but is generally a divalent metal such as calcium, magnesium, lead, barium, strontium, zinc, iron, cadmium, nickel, copper, tin, etc., and mixtures thereof. Zinc is particularly suitable. The fatty acid can generally be any saturated or unsaturated acid with a carbon chain length of about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. If desired, the acid may be substituted. Suitable fatty acids may include, for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, ricinoleic acid, capric acid, neodecanoic acid, hydrogenated tallow fatty acid, hydroxystearic acid, Hydrogenated castor oil fatty acids, erucic acid, coconut oil fatty acids, etc., and their mixtures. The metal carboxylate typically constitutes from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight, and in some embodiments from about 0.2% to about 1% by weight. weight%.

交聯系統亦可採用在含有至少兩個反應性官能基的程度上為「多官能」之交聯劑。此多官能交聯試劑可充當弱親核劑，其可與衝擊改質劑上經活化之官能基(例如，環氧官能基)反應。此等分子之多官能性質使得其等可橋接該衝擊改質劑上之兩個官能基，有效充當固化劑。多官能交聯劑一般包括兩個或更多個由鍵或非聚合型(非重複)連接組分連接之反應性官能末端部分。以實例說明之，該交聯劑可包括雙環氧化物、多官能環氧化物、二異氰酸酯、多異氰酸酯、多元醇、水溶性碳二亞胺、二胺、二醇、二胺基烷烴、多官能羧酸、二醯鹵等。多官能羧酸及胺係特別合適的。多官能羧酸交聯劑之特定實例可包括(但不限於)間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、1,2-二(對羧基苯基)乙烷、4,4'-二羧基二苯醚、4,4'-雙苯甲酸、1,4-或1,5-萘二甲酸、十氫萘二甲酸、降冰片烯二羧酸、雙環辛烷二羧酸、1,4-環己烷二羧酸(順式及反式兩者)、1,4-己烯二羧酸、己二酸、壬二酸、二羧基十二酸、琥珀酸、馬來酸、戊二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸及癸二酸。亦可利用相應之二羧酸衍生物，諸如於醇基中具有1至4個碳原子之羧酸二酯、羧酸酐或羧酸鹵化物。在某些實施例中，芳族二羧酸係特別合適的，諸如間苯二甲酸或對苯二甲酸。Cross-linking systems may also employ cross-linking agents that are "polyfunctional" to the extent that they contain at least two reactive functional groups. This polyfunctional cross-linking reagent can act as a weak nucleophile that can react with activated functional groups (eg, epoxy functional groups) on the impact modifier. The polyfunctional nature of these molecules allows them to bridge two functional groups on the impact modifier, effectively acting as a curing agent. Multifunctional crosslinkers generally include two or more reactive functional end moieties connected by bonds or non-polymeric (non-repeating) linking components. By way of example, the cross-linking agent may include diepoxides, polyfunctional epoxides, diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, polyols, water-soluble carbodiimides, diamines, glycols, diaminoalkanes, polyfunctional Carboxylic acid, dihalogen, etc. Polyfunctional carboxylic acids and amines are particularly suitable. Specific examples of multifunctional carboxylic acid cross-linking agents may include, but are not limited to, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1,2-bis(p-carboxyphenyl)ethane, 4,4' -Dicarboxyldiphenyl ether, 4,4'-bisbenzoic acid, 1,4- or 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, decahydronaphthalenedicarboxylic acid, norbornene dicarboxylic acid, bicyclooctanedicarboxylic acid, 1 , 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (both cis and trans), 1,4-hexenedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, dicarboxydodecanoic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, Glutaric acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid. It is also possible to utilize the corresponding dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as carboxylic acid diesters, carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid halides having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol group. In certain embodiments, aromatic dicarboxylic acids are particularly suitable, such as isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid.

當採用時，多官能交聯劑通常構成交聯系統之約50重量%至約95重量%，在一些實施例中約60重量%至約90重量%，及在一些實施例中，約70重量%至約85重量%，而金屬羧酸鹽通常構成該交聯系統之約5重量%至約50重量%，在一些實施例中約10重量%至約40重量%，及在一些實施例中，約15重量%至約30重量%。例如，該等多官能交聯劑可構成聚合物組合物之約0.1重量%至約10重量%，在一些實施例中約0.2重量%至約5重量%，及在一些實施例中，約0.5重量%至約3重量%。當然，在某些實施例中，該組合物一般可不含多官能交聯劑，或該交聯系統一般可不含金屬羧酸鹽。When employed, the multifunctional crosslinking agent typically constitutes about 50% to about 95% by weight of the crosslinking system, in some embodiments about 60% to about 90% by weight, and in some embodiments, about 70% by weight % to about 85% by weight, and the metal carboxylate typically constitutes about 5% to about 50% by weight, in some embodiments about 10% to about 40% by weight, and in some embodiments, the crosslinked system. , about 15% by weight to about 30% by weight. For example, the multifunctional cross-linking agents may constitute from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the polymer composition, in some embodiments from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, and in some embodiments, about 0.5% by weight. % by weight to about 3% by weight. Of course, in certain embodiments, the composition may generally be free of multifunctional cross-linking agents, or the cross-linking system may be generally free of metal carboxylates.

組合物中可包括之又其他組分可包括(例如)顆粒填料(例如，滑石、雲母等)、抗微生物劑、色素(例如，黑色色素)、抗氧化劑、穩定劑、表面活性劑、蠟、流動促進劑、固體溶劑、阻燃劑，及添加以增強性質及可加工性之其他材料。 II. 熔融加工 Yet other components that may be included in the composition may include, for example, particulate fillers (e.g., talc, mica, etc.), antimicrobial agents, pigments (e.g., black pigments), antioxidants, stabilizers, surfactants, waxes, Flow accelerators, solid solvents, flame retardants, and other materials added to enhance properties and processability. II. Melt processing

組合熱塑性聚合物、衝擊改質劑、纖維填料，及各種其他可選添加劑之方式可如此項技術中已知變化。例如，材料可同時或循序供應至分散摻合該等材料之熔融加工裝置。可採用分批及/或連續熔融加工技術。例如，混合器/捏合機、班伯里(Banbury)混合器、法雷爾(Farrel)連續混合器、單螺桿擠出機、雙螺桿擠出機、輥磨機等可用以摻合及熔融加工該等材料。一種特別合適之熔融加工裝置係同向旋轉、雙螺桿擠出機(例如，賽力斯(Leistritz)同向旋轉完全交叉式雙螺桿擠出機)。此等擠出機可包括進料口及排氣口並提供高強度之分配及分散混合。例如，可將組分進料至雙螺桿擠出機之相同或不同之進料口並熔融摻合以形成大體上均質之熔融混合物。熔融摻合可在高剪切/壓力及加熱下進行以確保充分分散。例如，熔融加工可在約100℃至約500℃，及在一些實施例中，約150℃至約300℃之溫度下進行。同樣地，熔融加工過程中之視剪切速率可在約100秒 ^-1至約10,000秒 ^-1，及在一些實施例中，約500秒 ^-1至約1,500秒 ^-1之範圍內。當然，亦可控制其他變量，諸如與通量率呈反比之熔融加工過程中之滯留時間，以達成所需之均勻度。 The manner of combining thermoplastic polymers, impact modifiers, fiber fillers, and various other optional additives may vary as is known in the art. For example, materials may be supplied simultaneously or sequentially to a melt processing device that disperses the blends of the materials. Batch and/or continuous melt processing techniques can be used. For example, mixers/kneaders, Banbury mixers, Farrel continuous mixers, single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, roller mills, etc. can be used for blending and melt processing such materials. One particularly suitable melt processing device is a co-rotating, twin-screw extruder (eg, a Leistritz co-rotating fully interdigitated twin-screw extruder). These extruders may include feed and exhaust ports and provide high-intensity dispensing and dispersive mixing. For example, the components can be fed to the same or different feed ports of a twin-screw extruder and melt blended to form a substantially homogeneous molten mixture. Melt blending can be performed under high shear/pressure and heat to ensure adequate dispersion. For example, melt processing can be performed at a temperature of about 100°C to about 500°C, and in some embodiments, about 150°C to about 300°C. Likewise, the apparent shear rate during melt processing may range from about 100 sec ^-1 to about 10,000 sec ^-1 , and in some embodiments, from about 500 sec ^-1 to about 1,500 sec ^-1 . Of course, other variables, such as the residence time during melt processing, which is inversely proportional to the flux rate, can also be controlled to achieve the desired uniformity.

視需要，熔融加工單元之混合段內可採用一或多個分配及/或分散混合元件。合適之分配混合器可包括(例如)薩克森(Saxon)、杜爾馬吉(Dulmage)、腔穴傳遞式混合器等。同樣地，合適之分散混合器可包括泡罩環(Blister ring)、勒羅伊/馬多克(Leroy/Maddock)、CRD混合器等。如此項技術中熟知，藉由於桶中使用銷釘來產生聚合物熔體之折疊及重新定向，諸如彼等用於巴士(Buss)捏合機擠出機、腔穴傳遞式混合器及渦流交叉式銷釘(Vortex Intermeshing Pin)混合器中者，可進一步增加混合之激進性。亦可控制螺桿之速度以改良組合物之特性。例如，螺桿速度可為約400 rpm或更小，在一項實施例中，諸如介於約200 rpm與約350 rpm之間，或介於約225 rpm與約325 rpm之間。在一項實施例中，可使複合條件平衡以便於提供一種顯示經改良之性質之聚合物組合物。例如，該等複合條件可包括螺桿設計以提供溫和、中等或激進之螺桿條件。例如，系統可具有溫和激進之螺桿設計，其中該螺桿於該螺桿之下游一半上具有一個單一熔融段，旨在溫和熔化及分配之熔體均質化。中等激進之螺桿設計可於填料進料桶上游具有更強之熔融段，該熔融段更側重於更強之分散元件以達成均勻之熔融。另外，其可於下游具有另一溫和混合段以混合該等填料。此段儘管較弱但仍可增加該螺桿之剪切強度使其總體上比溫和激進之設計更強。高度激進之螺桿設計可具有三者中最強之剪切強度。主熔融段可由一長串高度分散之捏合嵌段構成。下游混合段可利用分配及密集分散之元件之混合物來達成所有類型之填料之均勻分散。高度激進之螺桿設計之剪切強度可顯著高於其他兩種設計。在一項實施例中，系統可包括具有相對溫和之螺桿速度(例如，介於約200 rpm與約300 rpm之間)之中等至激進之螺桿設計。If desired, one or more distribution and/or dispersion mixing elements can be used in the mixing section of the melt processing unit. Suitable dispensing mixers may include, for example, Saxon, Dulmage, cavity transfer mixers, and the like. Likewise, suitable dispersion mixers may include Blister rings, Leroy/Maddock, CRD mixers, and the like. As is well known in the art, folding and redirection of the polymer melt is produced by the use of pins in the barrel, such as those used in Buss kneader extruders, cavity transfer mixers, and vortex cross pins. (Vortex Intermeshing Pin) in the mixer can further increase the radicalness of the mixing. The speed of the screw can also be controlled to improve the properties of the composition. For example, the screw speed may be about 400 rpm or less, in one embodiment, such as between about 200 rpm and about 350 rpm, or between about 225 rpm and about 325 rpm. In one embodiment, compounding conditions can be balanced to provide a polymer composition exhibiting improved properties. For example, these composite conditions may include screw designs to provide mild, moderate, or aggressive screw conditions. For example, the system may have a mildly aggressive screw design with a single melting section on the downstream half of the screw aimed at mild melting and distributed melt homogenization. A moderately aggressive screw design can have a stronger melting section upstream of the filler feed barrel, which focuses more on stronger dispersing elements to achieve uniform melting. In addition, it can have another gentle mixing section downstream to mix the fillers. This section, although weaker, still increases the shear strength of the screw, making it overall stronger than a mildly aggressive design. The highly aggressive screw design provides the strongest shear strength of the three. The main melting section can consist of a long series of highly dispersed kneaded blocks. The downstream mixing section can utilize a mixture of distributed and densely dispersed elements to achieve uniform dispersion of all types of fillers. The shear strength of highly aggressive screw designs can be significantly higher than the other two designs. In one embodiment, the system may include a moderate to aggressive screw design with a relatively moderate screw speed (eg, between about 200 rpm and about 300 rpm).

所得聚合物組合物之結晶溫度(在形成成型零件之前)可為約250℃或更小，在一些實施例中約100℃至約245℃，及在一些實施例中，約150℃至約240℃。該聚合物組合物之熔化溫度亦可在140℃至約380℃，在一些實施例中約200℃至約360℃，在一些實施例中約250℃至約320℃，及在一些實施例中，約260℃至約300℃之範圍內。熔融及結晶溫度可如此項技術中熟知使用示差掃描量熱法根據ISO測試編號11357-3:2018測定。 III. 成型零件 The resulting polymer composition may have a crystallization temperature (before forming a shaped part) of about 250°C or less, in some embodiments from about 100°C to about 245°C, and in some embodiments, from about 150°C to about 240°C. ℃. The polymer composition may also have a melting temperature of from 140°C to about 380°C, in some embodiments from about 200°C to about 360°C, in some embodiments from about 250°C to about 320°C, and in some embodiments , in the range of about 260℃ to about 300℃. Melting and crystallization temperatures can be determined using differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO test number 11357-3:2018 as is well known in the art. III. Molded parts

成型零件可由聚合物組合物使用各種不同之技術形成。合適之技術可包括(例如)射出成型、低壓射出成型、擠壓壓縮成型、氣體射出成型、泡沫射出成型、低壓氣體射出成型、低壓泡沫射出成型、氣體擠壓壓縮成型、泡沫擠壓壓縮成型、擠壓成型、泡沫擠壓成型、壓縮成型、泡沫壓縮成型、氣體壓縮成型等。例如，可採用一種射出成型系統，該系統包括其中可注射該聚合物組合物之模具。可控制並最佳化注射器內之時間使得聚合物基質未經預固化。當達成循環時間且桶已滿可排出時，可使用活塞將該組合物注入模腔。亦可採用壓縮成型系統。與射出成型一樣，該聚合物組合物成型為所需製品亦於模具中進行。可使用任何已知技術，諸如藉由自動機械臂拾取，將該組合物放置於壓縮模具內。該模具之溫度可於所需時間週期內維持在該聚合物組合物之固化溫度或高於其以容許固化。然後，可藉由將模製產品之溫度提高至低於熔化溫度之溫度來使該模製產品固化。可將所得產品脫模。可調整各模製過程之循環時間以適應該聚合物組合物，以達成充分鍵合，並增強整體製程生產率。 IV. 複合結構 Shaped parts can be formed from polymer compositions using a variety of techniques. Suitable techniques may include, for example, injection molding, low pressure injection molding, extrusion compression molding, gas injection molding, foam injection molding, low pressure gas injection molding, low pressure foam injection molding, gas extrusion compression molding, foam extrusion compression molding, Extrusion molding, foam extrusion molding, compression molding, foam compression molding, gas compression molding, etc. For example, an injection molding system may be employed that includes a mold into which the polymer composition is injected. The time in the syringe can be controlled and optimized so that the polymer matrix is not pre-cured. When the cycle time is reached and the barrel is full for discharge, a piston can be used to inject the composition into the mold cavity. Compression molding systems can also be used. Like injection molding, the polymer composition is shaped into the desired article in a mold. The composition can be placed in the compression mold using any known technique, such as picking up by an automated robotic arm. The temperature of the mold can be maintained at or above the curing temperature of the polymer composition for a desired period of time to allow curing. The molded product can then be solidified by raising the temperature of the molded product to a temperature below the melting temperature. The resulting product can be demoulded. The cycle time of each molding process can be adjusted to suit the polymer composition to achieve adequate bonding and enhance overall process productivity. IV.Composite structure

如上文指示，聚合物組合物之獨特性質可更容易容許其與具有截然不同之熱膨脹係數之金屬組件積體形成。因此，視需要，該聚合物組合物可用於含有金屬組件之複合結構中，該金屬組件係經積體形成並與包括本發明之聚合物組合物之樹脂組分接觸。此可使用多種技術進行，諸如藉由一種嵌件模製過程，其中將該聚合物組合物模製(例如，注射模製)至該金屬組件之一部分或整個表面上。該金屬組件可含有各種不同金屬中之任一者，諸如鋁、不銹鋼、鎂、鎳、鉻、銅、鈦，及其合金。由於其獨特性質，該聚合物組合物可藉由該金屬組件之表面凹痕或孔內及/或周圍流動而黏附於該金屬組件。為改良黏附，該金屬組件可視需要經預處理以增加表面凹痕之程度及表面積。此可使用機械技術(例如，噴沙、研磨、擴口、打孔、膜製等)及/或化學技術(例如，蝕刻、陽極氧化等)進行。除預處理該表面外，亦可在接近但低於該聚合物組合物之熔融溫度之溫度下將該金屬組件預熱。此可使用各種技術進行，諸如接觸加熱、輻射氣體加熱、紅外加熱、對流或強制對流空氣加熱、感應加熱、微波加熱或其組合。在任何情況下，該聚合物組合物一般注入含有視需要經預熱之金屬組件之模具內。 V. 電動車 As indicated above, the unique properties of the polymer composition may more readily allow it to be integrally formed with metal components having significantly different coefficients of thermal expansion. Therefore, if desired, the polymer composition can be used in a composite structure containing a metal component that is integrally formed and contacted with a resin component including the polymer composition of the present invention. This can be done using a variety of techniques, such as by an insert molding process in which the polymer composition is molded (eg, injection molded) onto a portion or the entire surface of the metal component. The metal component may contain any of a variety of different metals, such as aluminum, stainless steel, magnesium, nickel, chromium, copper, titanium, and alloys thereof. Due to its unique properties, the polymer composition can adhere to the metal component by flowing in and/or around surface indentations or holes in the metal component. To improve adhesion, the metal component may be pretreated to increase the degree of surface indentation and surface area, if necessary. This can be done using mechanical techniques (eg, sand blasting, grinding, flaring, drilling, membrane forming, etc.) and/or chemical techniques (eg, etching, anodizing, etc.). In addition to pretreating the surface, the metal component can also be preheated at a temperature close to but below the melting temperature of the polymer composition. This can be done using various techniques such as contact heating, radiant gas heating, infrared heating, convection or forced convection air heating, induction heating, microwave heating or combinations thereof. In any case, the polymer composition is typically injected into a mold containing an optionally preheated metal component. V. Electric vehicles

如先前提及，聚合物組合物、成型零件及/或複合結構對用於電動車之組件中係特別有利的。參考圖1，例如，顯示包括動力裝置110之電動車112之一項實施例。該動力裝置110含有一或多個連接至變速器116之電機114，該變速器進一步機械連接至驅動軸120及驅動輪122。儘管並不需要，但該變速器116在此特定實施例中亦連接至引擎118，儘管本文之描述係同樣適用於純電動車。該等電機114可作為馬達或發電機操作以提供推進及減速能力。該動力裝置110亦包括推進源，諸如電池組總成124，其儲存並提供由該等電機114使用之能量。該電池組總成124通常提供來自一或多個可包括一或多個電池組電池之電池組電池陣列之高電壓電流輸出(例如，在約400伏特至約800伏特之電壓下之DC電流)。As mentioned previously, polymer compositions, molded parts and/or composite structures are particularly advantageous for use in components for electric vehicles. Referring to FIG. 1 , for example, one embodiment of an electric vehicle 112 including a power plant 110 is shown. The power plant 110 includes one or more electric machines 114 coupled to a transmission 116 which is further mechanically coupled to a drive shaft 120 and drive wheels 122 . Although not required, the transmission 116 is also connected to the engine 118 in this particular embodiment, although the description herein applies equally to pure electric vehicles. The electric machines 114 may operate as motors or generators to provide propulsion and deceleration capabilities. The power plant 110 also includes a propulsion source, such as a battery pack assembly 124 , which stores and provides energy used by the electric machines 114 . The battery assembly 124 typically provides a high voltage current output (e.g., DC current at a voltage of about 400 volts to about 800 volts) from one or more battery cell arrays, which may include one or more battery cells. .

動力裝置110亦可含有至少一個功率電子模組126，該模組連接至電池組總成124 (通常亦稱為電池包)且可含有功率轉換器(例如，轉換器等，及其組合)。該功率電子模組126通常電連接至電機114並提供在該電池組總成124與該等電機114之間雙向傳輸電能之能力。例如，該電池組總成124可提供DC電壓而該等電機114可需三相AC電壓來發揮作用。該功率電子模組126可根據該等電機114之需要將該DC電壓轉換為三相AC電壓。於再生模式中，該功率電子模組126可將來自充當發電機之該等電機114之三相AC電壓轉換為該電池組總成124所需之DC電壓。該電池組總成124亦可為其他車輛電力系統提供能量。例如，該動力裝置可採用DC/DC轉換器模組128，該模組將來自該電池組總成124之高電壓DC輸出轉換為可與其他車輛負載(諸如壓縮機及電加熱器)相容之低電壓DC電源。於典型之車輛中，低電壓系統係電連接至輔助電池組130 (例如，12V電池組)。亦可存在電池組能量控制模組(BECM) 133，其充當該電池組總成124之控制器與該電池組總成124通信且可包括管理該等電池組電池中之各者之溫度及充電狀態之電子監測系統。該電池組總成124亦可具有溫度感測器131，諸如熱敏電阻或其他溫度計。該溫度感測器131可與該BECM 133通信以提供關於該電池組總成124之溫度資料。該溫度感測器131亦可位於牽引用電池124內之電池組電池上或附近。亦審慎考慮可使用多於一個溫度感測器131來監測該等電池組電池之溫度。The power plant 110 may also include at least one power electronics module 126 that is connected to the battery pack assembly 124 (also commonly referred to as a battery pack) and may include a power converter (eg, a converter, etc., and combinations thereof). The power electronics module 126 is typically electrically connected to the electric motors 114 and provides the ability to transmit electrical energy in both directions between the battery pack assembly 124 and the electric motors 114 . For example, the battery pack assembly 124 may provide DC voltage and the motors 114 may require three-phase AC voltage to function. The power electronic module 126 can convert the DC voltage into a three-phase AC voltage according to the needs of the motors 114 . In the regenerative mode, the power electronics module 126 can convert the three-phase AC voltage from the motors 114 acting as generators to the DC voltage required by the battery pack assembly 124 . The battery pack assembly 124 can also provide energy for other vehicle electrical systems. For example, the power plant may employ a DC/DC converter module 128 that converts the high voltage DC output from the battery pack assembly 124 to be compatible with other vehicle loads such as compressors and electric heaters. Low voltage DC power supply. In a typical vehicle, the low voltage system is electrically connected to auxiliary battery pack 130 (eg, a 12V battery pack). There may also be a battery energy control module (BECM) 133 that acts as a controller for the battery pack assembly 124 in communication with the battery pack assembly 124 and may include managing the temperature and charging of each of the battery cells. Status electronic monitoring system. The battery pack assembly 124 may also have a temperature sensor 131 such as a thermistor or other thermometer. The temperature sensor 131 can communicate with the BECM 133 to provide temperature data about the battery pack assembly 124 . The temperature sensor 131 may also be located on or near a battery cell in the traction battery 124 . It is also prudent to consider using more than one temperature sensor 131 to monitor the temperature of the battery cells.

在某些實施例中，電池組總成124可由外部電源136 (諸如電插座)再充電。該外部電源136可電連接至電動車供電設備(EVSE)，其調節並管理電源136與車輛112之間的電能傳輸。該EVSE 138可具有用於***該車輛112之充電埠134之充電連接器140。該充電埠134可為經組態以將電力自該EVSE 138傳輸至該車輛112之任何類型之埠且可電連接至充電器或車載功率轉換模組132。該功率轉換模組132可調節自該EVSE 138供應之電力以對該電池組總成124提供適當之電壓及電流位準。該功率轉換模組132可與該EVSE 138介接以協調對該車輛112之電力輸送。In some embodiments, battery pack assembly 124 may be recharged by an external power source 136, such as an electrical outlet. The external power source 136 may be electrically connected to an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), which regulates and manages the transfer of electrical energy between the power source 136 and the vehicle 112 . The EVSE 138 may have a charging connector 140 for plugging into the charging port 134 of the vehicle 112 . The charging port 134 may be any type of port configured to transfer power from the EVSE 138 to the vehicle 112 and may be electrically connected to a charger or onboard power conversion module 132 . The power conversion module 132 can regulate the power supplied from the EVSE 138 to provide appropriate voltage and current levels to the battery pack assembly 124 . The power conversion module 132 may interface with the EVSE 138 to coordinate power delivery to the vehicle 112 .

本文描述之聚合物組合物可包括於如圖1中繪示之電動車之各種組件中。例如，匯流排(其之一項實例係繪示於圖2中)可用以電連接電池組總成124之個別電池。參考圖3，例如，該電池組總成124可包括許多電池組電池158。該等電池組電池158可並排堆疊以構築電池組電池之分組，有時稱為電池陣列。在一項實施例中，該等電池組電池158係稜柱形、鋰離子電池。然而，本發明之範圍內可替代利用具有其他幾何形狀(圓柱形、袋狀等)及/或化學性質(鎳-金屬氫化物、鉛-酸等)之電池組電池。各電池組電池158包括正極端子(由符號(+)表示)及負極端子(由符號(-)表示)。佈置該等電池組電池158使得各電池組電池158端子係經配置以與具有相反極性之相鄰電池組電池158之端子相鄰。如本文使用，術語「電池組」、「電池」及「電池組電池」可互換使用以係指電池組系統中使用之任何類型之個別電池組元件。本文描述之電池組通常包括鋰基電池組，但亦可包括各種化學成分及構型，包括磷酸鐵、金屬氧化物、鋰離子聚合物、鎳金屬氫化物、鎳鎘、鎳基電池組(氫、鋅、鎘等)，及可與電動車相容之任何其他電池組類型。例如，一些實施例可使用來自Panasonic ^®之6831 NCR 18650電池組電池，或6.5 cm x1.8 cm及約45 g之18650形數之一些變化。 The polymer compositions described herein may be included in various components of an electric vehicle as illustrated in Figure 1. For example, busbars (an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 2 ) may be used to electrically connect individual cells of battery assembly 124 . Referring to FIG. 3 , for example, the battery assembly 124 may include a plurality of battery cells 158 . The battery cells 158 may be stacked side by side to create groupings of battery cells, sometimes referred to as battery arrays. In one embodiment, the battery cells 158 are prismatic, lithium-ion cells. However, it is within the scope of the invention to alternatively utilize battery cells with other geometries (cylindrical, pouch, etc.) and/or chemistries (nickel-metal hydride, lead-acid, etc.). Each battery cell 158 includes a positive terminal (represented by the symbol (+)) and a negative terminal (represented by the symbol (-)). The battery cells 158 are arranged such that the terminals of each battery cell 158 are configured adjacent the terminals of an adjacent battery cell 158 having opposite polarity. As used herein, the terms "battery,""cell," and "battery cell" are used interchangeably to refer to any type of individual battery component used in a battery system. Batteries described herein generally include lithium-based batteries, but may include a variety of chemistries and configurations, including iron phosphate, metal oxides, lithium ion polymers, nickel metal hydrides, nickel cadmium, nickel-based batteries (hydrogen , zinc, cadmium, etc.), and any other battery pack type compatible with electric vehicles. For example, some embodiments may use the 6831 NCR 18650 battery cell from ^Panasonic® , or some variation of the 18650 form factor that is 6.5 cm x 1.8 cm and approximately 45 g.

匯流排連接至電池組總成124之個別電池組電池之方式(諸如圖3中顯示)可如此項技術中已知變化。參考圖2，顯示匯流排10之一項實施例，其包括導體12。該導體12包括導電材料18，諸如銅、鋁、鋁合金等，且一般可以實心棒、中空管等形式。該匯流排10於任一端包括連接器部分14，其係經組態以與兩個或更多個電池組之各別終端配合。包括如本文描述之聚合物組合物之絕緣部分16 (例如，塗層或模製材料)可覆蓋該導體12之導電材料之一部分。為形成該匯流排10，該絕緣部分16可應用於該導電材料18之表面。例如，可將該導電材料18之棒或管***絕緣塗層16之預成型管中，例如，擠壓管，確定其尺寸並切割為正確之比例，然後該匯流排10可成型為任何合適之形式。在另一實施例中，該絕緣塗層可於熔體中施加至該導電材料18之表面，且可於施加區域中固化至該導電材料之表面上。The manner in which the busbars are connected to the individual battery cells of battery assembly 124, such as that shown in Figure 3, may vary as is known in the art. Referring to FIG. 2 , an embodiment of a bus bar 10 is shown including a conductor 12 . The conductor 12 includes a conductive material 18 such as copper, aluminum, aluminum alloy, etc., and generally can be in the form of a solid rod, a hollow tube, etc. The busbar 10 includes a connector portion 14 at either end configured to mate with the respective terminals of two or more battery packs. An insulating portion 16 (eg, a coating or molding material) including a polymer composition as described herein may cover a portion of the conductive material of conductor 12. To form the busbar 10, the insulating portion 16 may be applied to the surface of the conductive material 18. For example, the rod or tube of conductive material 18 can be inserted into a preformed tube of insulating coating 16, e.g., extruded tube, sized and cut to the correct proportions, and the busbar 10 can then be formed into any suitable shape. form. In another embodiment, the insulating coating may be applied to the surface of the conductive material 18 in a melt and may be cured onto the surface of the conductive material in the area of application.

當然，匯流排可以任何合適之形狀及尺寸提供。例如，匯流排可用作放置個別電池組電池之模板使得其等於製造之各電池組總成中係均勻的。在此實施例中，匯流排可在製造過程中將電池組總成124之個別電池組保持就位且可添加可由如本文描述之聚合物組合物形成之熱襯墊或注入外殼而不引起該個別電池組電池移位。Of course, busbars can be provided in any suitable shape and size. For example, the bus bars can be used as a template for placing individual battery cells so that they are uniform throughout each battery assembly being manufactured. In this embodiment, the busbars may hold the individual cells of the battery assembly 124 in place during the manufacturing process and thermal liners, which may be formed from polymer compositions as described herein, may be added or injected into the housing without causing the Individual battery pack cells are displaced.

除匯流排外，其他組件亦可採用本發明之聚合物組合物。例如，圖4呈現電動車112之電池組電子器件之方塊圖。繪示之電池組電子系統包括電池組總成124及電流感測器142。如顯示，電流感測器142係連接電池組總成124與負載/電源144。該電流感測器142可經組態以量測當負載/電源144係負載(諸如一或多個電機114)時，自該電池組總成124流動至該負載/電源144之電流。同樣地，電流感測器142可經組態以量測當該負載/電源144係電源(諸如外部電源136)時，自負載/電源144流動至電池組總成124之電流。(BECM) 133可經組態以為電流感測器142供電以使其可操作。該BECM 133可經進一步組態以讀取由電流感測器142產生之輸出，其指示在電池組總成124與負載/電源144之間流動之電流。In addition to busbars, other components can also use the polymer composition of the present invention. For example, FIG. 4 presents a block diagram of battery pack electronics for an electric vehicle 112 . The battery pack electronics system shown includes a battery pack assembly 124 and a current sensor 142 . As shown, current sensor 142 is connected to battery pack assembly 124 and load/power supply 144 . The current sensor 142 may be configured to measure the current flowing from the battery assembly 124 to the load/power supply 144 when the load/power supply 144 is a load, such as one or more motors 114 . Likewise, current sensor 142 may be configured to measure the current flowing from load/power source 144 to battery pack assembly 124 when load/power source 144 is a power source, such as external power source 136 . (BECM) 133 can be configured to power current sensor 142 to make it operable. The BECM 133 may be further configured to read the output produced by the current sensor 142 which is indicative of the current flowing between the battery pack assembly 124 and the load/power supply 144 .

圖5繪示電流感測器142之一項實施例。電流感測器142可包括電流輸入埠141及電流輸出埠143以及標準接地145、共集極之電壓(VCC) 146及輸出埠147。該電流感測器142亦可包括包含如本文描述之聚合物組合物之外殼148，該外殼可容納該電流感測器142之其他組件，例如，電阻器、電容器、轉換器、處理晶片等。FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of current sensor 142. The current sensor 142 may include a current input port 141 and a current output port 143 as well as a standard ground 145 , a common collector voltage (VCC) 146 and an output port 147 . The current sensor 142 may also include a housing 148 comprising a polymer composition as described herein, which housing may house other components of the current sensor 142, such as resistors, capacitors, converters, processing chips, etc.

可併入如本文描述之聚合物組合物之電動車之另一組件係反向器系統，其之一項例示性實施例係繪示於圖6中。該系統包括反向器模組320及互連系統335。該互連系統335包括電磁干擾(EMI)核心330及EMI濾波器設備325。該反向器模組320係由一對匯流條310耦合至該互連系統335。該EMI核心330係位於該EMI濾波器設備325與該反向器模組320之間且係與該等匯流條310通信。該EMI濾波器設備325包括EMI濾波卡340及一對螺栓350、352，該對螺栓包括用於耦合至電源(例如，電池組總成124)之正極端子(+)螺栓350及負極端子(−)螺栓352。該EMI核心330係由該等匯流條310耦合至該螺栓350、352。該EMI濾波卡340亦經由一對導線334耦合接地與該等匯流條310。反向器模組320包括許多電晶體(未顯示)。反向器模組320中之電晶體相對快速(例如，5至20 kHz)地接通及斷開。此切換趨於產生電切換雜訊。理想地，該電切換雜訊應包含於該反向器模組320內部並防止其進入電力系統之剩餘部分以防止干擾車輛中之其他電組件。Another component of an electric vehicle that may incorporate polymer compositions as described herein is an inverter system, an exemplary embodiment of which is illustrated in Figure 6. The system includes an inverter module 320 and an interconnect system 335. The interconnection system 335 includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) core 330 and an EMI filter device 325 . The inverter module 320 is coupled to the interconnect system 335 by a pair of bus bars 310 . The EMI core 330 is located between the EMI filter device 325 and the inverter module 320 and communicates with the bus bars 310 . The EMI filter device 325 includes an EMI filter card 340 and a pair of bolts 350, 352 including a positive terminal (+) bolt 350 and a negative terminal (−) for coupling to a power source (eg, battery pack assembly 124). ) Bolt 352. The EMI core 330 is coupled to the bolts 350, 352 by the bus bars 310. The EMI filter card 340 is also coupled to ground and the bus bars 310 via a pair of wires 334 . Inverter module 320 includes a number of transistors (not shown). The transistors in inverter module 320 turn on and off relatively quickly (eg, 5 to 20 kHz). This switching tends to generate electrical switching noise. Ideally, the electrical switching noise should be contained within the inverter module 320 and prevented from entering the rest of the electrical system to prevent interference with other electrical components in the vehicle.

反向器系統可包括數個可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件，包括(但不限於) EMI濾波器設備325，例如，作為外殼及/或內部支撐結構，該系統內採用EMI濾波卡340、匯流條310及連接器。例如，包括如本文描述之聚合物組合物之電連接器可用於如圖7之反向器系統中或電動車之另一部分中。電連接器一般可包括含有至少一個電觸點之第一連接器部分及圍繞該連接器部分之至少一部分之絕緣構件。該絕緣構件可含有本發明之聚合物組合物。該第一連接器部分可經組態以與含有用於接收該電觸點之插座之相對之第二連接器部分配合。在此等實施例中，該第二連接器部分可含有至少一個經組態以接收該第一連接器部分之電觸點之插座及圍繞該第二連接器部分之至少一部分之絕緣構件。該第二連接器部分之絕緣構件亦可含有本發明之聚合物組合物。The inverter system may include several components that may be incorporated into the polymeric compositions as disclosed herein, including (but not limited to) an EMI filter device 325, for example, as an enclosure and/or internal support structure, where EMI is employed within the system. Filter card 340, bus bar 310 and connector. For example, an electrical connector including a polymer composition as described herein may be used in an inverter system as shown in Figure 7 or in another portion of an electric vehicle. Electrical connectors generally may include a first connector portion containing at least one electrical contact and an insulating member surrounding at least a portion of the connector portion. The insulating member may contain the polymer composition of the present invention. The first connector portion may be configured to mate with an opposing second connector portion containing a receptacle for receiving the electrical contact. In such embodiments, the second connector portion may include at least one receptacle configured to receive electrical contacts of the first connector portion and an insulating member surrounding at least a portion of the second connector portion. The insulating member of the second connector portion may also contain the polymer composition of the present invention.

參考圖7、圖8及圖9，顯示用於電動車，例如，用於電動車動力裝置中之連接器200之一項特定實施例。該連接器200含有第一連接器部分202及第二連接器部分204。該第一連接器部分202可包括一或多個電接腳206及該第二連接器部分204可包括一或多個用於接收該電接腳206之插座208。第一絕緣體構件212可自該第一連接部分202之基座203延伸以圍繞該接腳206，且同樣地，第二絕緣體構件218可自該第二連接部分204之基座201延伸以圍繞該等插座208。在某些情況下，該第一絕緣體構件212之周邊可延伸超過該電接腳203之末端及該第二絕緣體構件218之周邊可延伸超過該等插座208之末端。該第一連接器部分202之基座203及/或第一絕緣體構件212，及該第二連接器部分204之基座201及/或第二絕緣體構件218可由本發明之聚合物組合物形成。Referring to FIGS. 7 , 8 and 9 , a specific embodiment of a connector 200 for use in an electric vehicle, for example, in a power plant of an electric vehicle is shown. The connector 200 includes a first connector part 202 and a second connector part 204 . The first connector portion 202 may include one or more electrical pins 206 and the second connector portion 204 may include one or more receptacles 208 for receiving the electrical pins 206 . A first insulator member 212 can extend from the base 203 of the first connection portion 202 to surround the pin 206, and similarly, a second insulator member 218 can extend from the base 201 of the second connection portion 204 to surround the pin 206. Wait for socket 208. In some cases, the perimeter of the first insulator member 212 may extend beyond the ends of the electrical pins 203 and the perimeter of the second insulator member 218 may extend beyond the ends of the sockets 208 . The base 203 and/or the first insulator member 212 of the first connector portion 202, and the base 201 and/or the second insulator member 218 of the second connector portion 204 may be formed from the polymer composition of the present invention.

儘管並不需要，但第一連接器部分202亦可包括固定至第一保護構件212或由其限定之識別標誌210。第二連接部分204亦可視需要限定根據該識別標誌210確定尺寸之對準窗220以更容易確定完全配合該等部分之時間。例如，該識別標誌210可不為可讀的，除非阻斷器221覆蓋該識別標誌210之一部分。視需要，該第二連接部分204可包括位於該對準窗220附近之補充標誌224。Although not required, the first connector portion 202 may also include an identification mark 210 secured to or defined by the first protective member 212. The second connecting portion 204 can also optionally define an alignment window 220 sized according to the identification mark 210 to more easily determine the time to fully mate the portions. For example, the identification mark 210 may not be readable unless the blocker 221 covers a portion of the identification mark 210 . If desired, the second connection portion 204 may include a supplemental mark 224 located near the alignment window 220 .

圖10及圖11繪示可採用本發明之聚合物組合物之組件之又其他實例，諸如如圖10中顯示之間隔件、連接器、絕緣體及支撐件且可由該聚合物組合物形成。圖11中繪示之可併入聚合物組合物之組件包括快速連接件、三通管及內部連接線，其等中之複數個係繪示於圖11之頂部；無刷直流馬達(圖11之中左)，例如，馬達之密封圈、外殼、支撐件等；導軌(圖11之中右，亦繪示影像中匯流排之另外實例)；及電池組密封圈(圖11之底部)。Figures 10 and 11 illustrate yet other examples of components such as spacers, connectors, insulators and supports as shown in Figure 10 and that can be formed from the polymer compositions of the present invention. Components shown in Figure 11 that may be incorporated into the polymer composition include quick connectors, tees, and internal connections, a plurality of which are shown at the top of Figure 11; brushless DC motors (Figure 11 Center left), for example, the sealing ring, casing, supports, etc. of the motor; guide rail (center right in Figure 11, also showing another example of the busbar in the image); and battery pack sealing ring (bottom of Figure 11).

可採用本發明之聚合物組合物之系統不以任何方式僅限於電力系統。例如，熱管理系統亦可有利地併入該聚合物組合物。電動車之熱管理系統一般可包括多個不同之子系統，諸如(但不限於)動力傳動子系統、製冷子系統、電池組冷卻子系統及加熱、通風及冷卻(HVAC)子系統。在一些實施例中，熱管理系統之一或多個子系統可彼此流體連通，因此容許熱傳熱介質自高溫電路流至低溫電路內，及較冷之傳熱介質自該低溫電路流至該高溫電路內。Systems in which the polymer compositions of the present invention may be employed are not in any way limited to power systems. For example, thermal management systems may also be advantageously incorporated into the polymer composition. Thermal management systems of electric vehicles may generally include multiple different subsystems, such as (but not limited to) powertrain subsystems, refrigeration subsystems, battery pack cooling subsystems, and heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) subsystems. In some embodiments, one or more subsystems of the thermal management system may be in fluid communication with each other, thereby allowing hot heat transfer media to flow from the high temperature circuit into the low temperature circuit, and cooler heat transfer media to flow from the low temperature circuit to the high temperature circuit. within the circuit.

以實例說明之，圖12繪示可在電動車中發現之第一溫度控制回路及圖13繪示第二溫度控制回路，其等中之各者係針對不同之子系統設計且其等中之各者包括一或多個可採用本發明之聚合物組合物之組件。以實例說明之，典型電動車中之第一溫度控制回路(圖12)可包括傳熱介質(例如，水)，其係經由合適之泵160 (例如，電動水泵)泵送通過該回路，及經由與熱交換器162 (例如，儲能系統(ESS)熱交換器)及散熱器/儲存器164中之製冷劑熱傳遞冷卻。另外，該回路可包括加熱器166，例如，正溫度係數(PTC)加熱器，其可確保該系統之溫度可維持於其較佳之操作範圍內，而無關乎環境溫度，及電池組總成124。第二溫度控制回路(圖13)亦可包括可與另一子系統之傳熱介質相同或不同之傳熱介質。該第二溫度控制回路之傳熱介質可以合適之泵161、熱交換器163及散熱器儲存器165泵送通過該回路。高溫控制回路可用以冷卻車輛之功率電子器件167及電機114。By way of example, Figure 12 illustrates a first temperature control loop that may be found in an electric vehicle and Figure 13 illustrates a second temperature control loop, each of which is designed for a different subsystem and each of which These include one or more components in which the polymer composition of the present invention may be employed. By way of example, a first temperature control loop (FIG. 12) in a typical electric vehicle may include a heat transfer medium (eg, water) pumped through the loop via a suitable pump 160 (eg, an electric water pump), and Cooling occurs via heat transfer with the refrigerant in heat exchanger 162 (eg, an energy storage system (ESS) heat exchanger) and radiator/reservoir 164 . Additionally, the loop may include a heater 166, such as a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater, which ensures that the system's temperature is maintained within its preferred operating range regardless of ambient temperature, and the battery pack assembly 124 . The second temperature control loop (Fig. 13) may also include a heat transfer medium that may be the same as or different from that of another subsystem. The heat transfer medium of the second temperature control loop may be pumped through the loop using a suitable pump 161, heat exchanger 163 and radiator reservoir 165. The high temperature control loop may be used to cool the vehicle's power electronics 167 and electric motor 114 .

可併入本發明之聚合物組合物之熱管理系統之組件之一項實例係冷卻劑泵，例如，電動水泵，其之一實例係繪示於圖14中。如顯示，電動水泵401包括作為驅動源之電動馬達410及用於產生冷卻劑吸入力及排出力之液壓部分420。使該馬達410及相關聯之組件保持於馬達外殼411中。該液壓部分420包括一般包括螺旋流動空間之渦殼421、入口422及出口423，及由該電動馬達410旋轉之葉輪(未顯示)。該泵401具有包括機械密封件(未顯示)之界面，機械密封件用於密封及分離水流動空間及馬達室。一般而言，安裝部分412係提供於該馬達外殼411上以將該泵401安裝於車輛中。電動泵401之組件(諸如外殼、外罩、界面等)可併入本發明之聚合物組合物。One example of a component of a thermal management system that may be incorporated into the polymer composition of the present invention is a coolant pump, such as an electric water pump, an example of which is illustrated in Figure 14. As shown, the electric water pump 401 includes an electric motor 410 as a driving source and a hydraulic part 420 for generating coolant suction force and discharge force. The motor 410 and associated components are retained in the motor housing 411 . The hydraulic part 420 includes a volute 421 that generally includes a spiral flow space, an inlet 422 and an outlet 423, and an impeller (not shown) rotated by the electric motor 410. The pump 401 has an interface that includes a mechanical seal (not shown) that seals and separates the water flow space and the motor chamber. Generally, a mounting portion 412 is provided on the motor housing 411 to mount the pump 401 in a vehicle. Components of the electric pump 401 (such as housings, covers, interfaces, etc.) may be incorporated into the polymeric compositions of the present invention.

參考下列實例可更好地瞭解本發明。 測試方法 The invention may be better understood with reference to the following examples. Test method

熔體黏度：熔體黏度(Pa-s)可根據ISO 11443:2021以400 s ^-1之剪切速率及使用Dynisco LCR7001毛細管流變儀測定。流變儀孔口(模具)可具有1 mm之直徑，20 mm之長度，20.1之L/D比率，及180°之入口角。桶之直徑可為9.55 mm + 0.005 mm及桿之長度為233.4 mm。該熔體黏度通常在310℃之溫度下測定。 Melt viscosity: Melt viscosity (Pa-s) can be measured according to ISO 11443:2021 at a shear rate of 400 s ^-1 and using a Dynisco LCR7001 capillary rheometer. The rheometer orifice (mold) can have a diameter of 1 mm, a length of 20 mm, an L/D ratio of 20.1, and an entrance angle of 180°. The diameter of the barrel can be 9.55 mm + 0.005 mm and the length of the rod 233.4 mm. The melt viscosity is usually measured at a temperature of 310°C.

拉伸模數、斷裂拉伸應力及斷裂拉伸應力：拉伸性質可根據ISO 527-2/1A:2019 (在技術上等同於ASTM D638-14)測試。可在長度為80 mm，厚度為10 mm，及寬度為4 mm之同一測試條樣品上進行模數及強度量測。測試溫度可為23℃，及測試速度可為針對拉伸強度及斷裂拉伸應力5 mm/min，及針對拉伸模數1 mm/min。Tensile modulus, tensile stress at break and tensile stress at break: Tensile properties can be tested according to ISO 527-2/1A:2019 (technically equivalent to ASTM D638-14). Modulus and strength measurements can be performed on the same test strip sample with a length of 80 mm, a thickness of 10 mm, and a width of 4 mm. The test temperature can be 23°C, and the test speed can be 5 mm/min for tensile strength and tensile stress at break, and 1 mm/min for tensile modulus.

撓曲模數及撓曲應力：撓曲性質可根據ISO 178:2019 (在技術上等同於ASTM D790-10)測試。此測試可於64 mm支撐跨度上進行。測試可於未切割之ISO 3167多用途棒之中心部分上運行。測試溫度可為23℃及測試速度可為2 mm/min。Flexural Modulus and Flexural Stress: Flexural properties can be tested according to ISO 178:2019 (technically equivalent to ASTM D790-10). This test can be performed on support spans of 64 mm. The test can be run on the center section of an uncut ISO 3167 multipurpose rod. The test temperature can be 23°C and the test speed can be 2 mm/min.

伊佐德缺口衝擊強度可根據ISO 180:2019測定。使用單齒銑床自多用途棒之中心切割試樣。測試溫度為23℃。Izod notched impact strength can be determined according to ISO 180:2019. A single-tooth milling machine was used to cut the specimen from the center of the multipurpose bar. The test temperature is 23℃.

缺口夏比衝擊強度：夏比性質可根據ISO測試編號ISO 179-1:2010) (在技術上等同於ASTM D256-10，方法B)測試。此測試可使用1型試樣尺寸(長度為80 mm，寬度為10 mm，及厚度為4 mm)運行。當測試缺口衝擊強度時，該缺口可為A型缺口(0.25 mm基本半徑)。可使用單齒銑床自多用途棒之中心切割試樣。測試溫度可為23℃或-30℃。Notched Charpy Impact Strength: Charpy properties can be tested according to ISO test number ISO 179-1:2010) (technically equivalent to ASTM D256-10, Method B). This test can be run using Type 1 specimen dimensions (length 80 mm, width 10 mm, and thickness 4 mm). When testing notched impact strength, the notch can be a type A notch (0.25 mm basic radius). A single-tooth milling machine can be used to cut the specimen from the center of the multi-purpose rod. The test temperature can be 23℃ or -30℃.

比較電痕指數(「CTI」)：比較電痕指數(CTI)可根據國際標準IEC 60112-2003測定以提供對組合物在潮濕及/或污染條件下作為電絕緣材料之能力之定量指示。在確定組合物之CTI評級時，將兩個電極放置於模製測試樣品上。然後在該等電極之間建立電壓差，同時將0.1%氯化銨水溶液滴至測試樣品上。確定五個(5)試樣於50滴測試期間無故障耐受之最大電壓。測試電壓以25 V增量在100至600 V之範圍內變化。在施加五十(50)滴電解液時導致故障之電壓之數值為「比較電痕指數」。該值提供對該材料之相對耐電痕之指示。根據UL746A，認為3 mm之標稱零件厚度代表其他厚度下之性能。Comparative Tracking Index ("CTI"): The Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) can be determined according to the international standard IEC 60112-2003 to provide a quantitative indication of the ability of a composition to act as an electrical insulating material under moist and/or contaminated conditions. In determining the CTI rating of a composition, two electrodes are placed on the molded test sample. A voltage difference is then established between the electrodes while a 0.1% aqueous ammonium chloride solution is dropped onto the test sample. Determine the maximum voltage that five (5) specimens can withstand without failure during the 50-drop test. The test voltage varies from 100 to 600 V in 25 V increments. The value of the voltage that causes failure when fifty (50) drops of electrolyte is applied is the "Comparative Tracking Index." This value provides an indication of the material's relative resistance to tracking. According to UL746A, the nominal part thickness of 3 mm is considered representative of performance at other thicknesses.

熱衝擊抗性：為測試熱衝擊抗性，最初使用圖15至18中顯示之模具及嵌件形成四(4)種類型之樣品組件。如圖15中顯示，第一模具100係經成型以導致塑膠厚度為1.2 mm及零件尺寸為63.8 mm x 20 mm x 10.4 mm；第二模具200係經成型以導致塑膠厚度為2.5 mm及零件尺寸為65.1 mm x 22.6 mm x 13 mm；第三模具300係經成型以導致塑膠厚度為1.2 mm及零件尺寸為40 mm x 20 mm x 10.4 mm；及第四模具400係經成型以導致塑膠厚度為42.6 mm x 22.6 mm x 13 mm。兩個圓孔402係形成於該等模具300及400中之各者之模腔側上，平行於該等模具之縱向邊緣。該等孔402具有3.5 mm之直徑且凹入該等模具之模腔側內。該第一及第二模具100及200分別含有金屬嵌件105及205 (參見圖16)，其等係由以不形成焊接線之方式嵌入該模具內之尺寸為62.6 mm x 18 mm x 18 mm之AISI H13/440C不銹鋼片形成。該等嵌件105及205於其等各別末端具有直徑為5 mm之單個圓孔502。該第三及第四模具300及400同樣分別含有金屬嵌件305及405 (參見圖16)，其等係由尺寸為37.6 mm x 18 mm x 18 mm之AISI H13/440C不銹鋼片形成。如圖16中顯示，該等金屬嵌件305及405中之各者含有兩個圓孔602，其等平行於該等嵌件之橫向邊緣對準且凹入各各別嵌件之核心側。該等孔602具有2.0 mm之直徑且以5 mm之深度凹入該嵌件之核心側內。當嵌入該等模具300及400內時，於兩個流動前沿相遇之管線處形成焊接線，使得在模製過程中該等流動前沿無法「編織」或「焊接」在一起。Thermal Shock Resistance: To test thermal shock resistance, four (4) types of sample assemblies were initially formed using the molds and inserts shown in Figures 15 through 18. As shown in Figure 15, the first mold 100 is formed to have a plastic thickness of 1.2 mm and a part size of 63.8 mm x 20 mm x 10.4 mm; the second mold 200 is formed to have a plastic thickness of 2.5 mm and a part size of 2.5 mm. is 65.1 mm x 22.6 mm x 13 mm; the third mold 300 is formed to result in a plastic thickness of 1.2 mm and the part size is 40 mm x 20 mm x 10.4 mm; and the fourth mold 400 is formed to result in a plastic thickness of 42.6 mm x 22.6 mm x 13 mm. Two circular holes 402 are formed on the cavity side of each of the molds 300 and 400, parallel to the longitudinal edges of the molds. The holes 402 have a diameter of 3.5 mm and are recessed into the cavity side of the mold. The first and second molds 100 and 200 respectively contain metal inserts 105 and 205 (see Figure 16), which are embedded into the mold in a manner that does not form welding lines and have dimensions of 62.6 mm x 18 mm x 18 mm. Made of AISI H13/440C stainless steel sheet. The inserts 105 and 205 have a single circular hole 502 with a diameter of 5 mm at their respective ends. The third and fourth molds 300 and 400 also contain metal inserts 305 and 405 respectively (see Figure 16), which are formed from AISI H13/440C stainless steel sheets with dimensions of 37.6 mm x 18 mm x 18 mm. As shown in Figure 16, each of the metal inserts 305 and 405 contains two circular holes 602 aligned parallel to the lateral edges of the inserts and recessed into the core side of the respective insert. The holes 602 have a diameter of 2.0 mm and are recessed with a depth of 5 mm into the core side of the insert. When embedded within the molds 300 and 400, a weld line is formed at the line where the two flow fronts meet so that the flow fronts cannot "weave" or "weld" together during the molding process.

參考圖15、17及18，可使用上文描述之模具最初使聚合物組合物通過澆口702形成樣品組件，該澆口具有小直徑(即，6 mm)之上端704及直徑大於該上端704 (即，8 mm)之下端706。該聚合物組合物可流動通過該澆口702進入第一流道802 (直徑為7 mm)內及通過尺寸為0.8 x 10 mm之用於第三模具300之閘門804及通過尺寸為1.7 x 10 mm之用於第四模具400之閘門806。該聚合物組合物可同樣流動通過該澆口702進入第二流道902 (直徑為6 mm)內及通過尺寸為0.8 x 10 mm之用於第一模具100之閘門904及通過尺寸為1.7 x 10 mm之用於第四模具400之閘門906。該等模具之各側之拔模角為1.5°。當形成模製零件時，可選擇如熟習此項技術者已知的加工條件。例如，熔體及噴嘴溫度可為320℃，注射壓力可為1250巴，峰值壓力可為1146巴(例如，針對模具100)及1120 (例如，針對模具300)，注射速度可為80 mm/s及注射時間可為約0.25 s，保持壓力可為約800巴，冷卻時間可為約15 s，及總循環時間可為約23 s。Referring to Figures 15, 17, and 18, the mold described above may be used to initially pass the polymer composition through a gate 702 having an upper end 704 of small diameter (i.e., 6 mm) and a diameter larger than the upper end 704 (i.e., 8 mm) lower end 706. The polymer composition can flow through the gate 702 into the first runner 802 (diameter 7 mm) and through the gate 804 for the third mold 300 with dimensions 0.8 x 10 mm and through the gate 804 with dimensions 1.7 x 10 mm. It is used for the gate 806 of the fourth mold 400. The polymer composition can also flow through the gate 702 into the second flow channel 902 (6 mm in diameter) and through the gate 904 for the first mold 100 with a size of 0.8 x 10 mm and through a gate 904 with a size of 1.7 x 10 mm gate 906 for the fourth mold 400. The draft angle on each side of the molds is 1.5°. When forming molded parts, processing conditions may be selected as known to those skilled in the art. For example, the melt and nozzle temperature can be 320°C, the injection pressure can be 1250 bar, the peak pressure can be 1146 bar (for example, for mold 100) and 1120 (for example, for mold 300), and the injection speed can be 80 mm/s And the injection time can be about 0.25 s, the holding pressure can be about 800 bar, the cooling time can be about 15 s, and the total cycle time can be about 23 s.

可使用上文描述之模具中之各者形成一組二十(20)個樣品組件。然後該等樣品組件可於具有熱區及冷區之熱衝擊室(諸如彼等可以名稱「ShockEvent T/120/V2」自Weisstechnik購買獲得者)內經受第一加熱循環。該熱區可加熱至140℃之溫度及該冷區可冷卻至-40℃之溫度。為啟動該第一加熱循環，將該等樣品組件放置於該熱區內歷時30分鐘及然後室內之產品載體將該等樣品組件自該熱區移動至該冷區歷時另一30分鐘。以此方式，該第一循環之總時間為1小時。每天進行24次循環且每個循環進行1小時。在最初兩週內，每天一次目視觀察該等樣品組件之開裂情況，及此後，每週兩次目視觀察該等樣品組件之開裂情況直至所有二十(20)個樣品均開裂或達成一整個循環，取決於測試方案，其可為1,500或3,000次循環。當第一個樣品開裂時，將開裂前達成之循環次數記錄為「熱衝擊抗性值」。若在所有樣品均未開裂之情況下達成一整個循環(1,500或3,000)，則取決於特定測試方案，將「熱衝擊抗性值」簡單記錄為「＞1,500」或「＞3,000」。 比較實例 1 至 2 A set of twenty (20) sample assemblies can be formed using each of the molds described above. The sample assemblies can then be subjected to a first heating cycle in a thermal shock chamber with hot and cold zones (such as those available from Weisstechnik under the name "ShockEvent T/120/V2"). The hot zone can be heated to a temperature of 140°C and the cold zone can be cooled to a temperature of -40°C. To initiate the first heating cycle, the sample components are placed in the hot zone for 30 minutes and then the product carrier in the chamber moves the sample components from the hot zone to the cold zone for another 30 minutes. In this way, the total time of this first cycle is 1 hour. Perform 24 cycles per day and perform each cycle for 1 hour. Visually observe the cracking of the sample components once a day for the first two weeks, and thereafter, visually observe the cracking of the sample components twice a week until all twenty (20) samples have cracked or a full cycle has been completed , depending on the test scenario, it can be 1,500 or 3,000 cycles. When the first sample cracks, the number of cycles achieved before cracking is recorded as the "thermal shock resistance value". If a full cycle (1,500 or 3,000) is achieved without any sample cracking, the "thermal shock resistance value" is simply recorded as ">1,500" or ">3,000" depending on the specific test protocol. Comparative Examples 1 to 2

比較實例1至2係使用32 mm科倍隆(Coperion)同向旋轉、完全交叉式、雙螺桿擠出機熔融混合且包括各種濃度之聚芳硫醚、玻璃纖維、潤滑劑(Glycolube P)及著色劑。下表中更詳細列舉各比較實例之調配物。比較實例1 比較實例2 重量% 重量份重量% 重量份 PPS 69.2 100 59.2 100 玻璃纖維 30 43 40 68 潤滑劑 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 著色劑 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 實例 1 至 2 Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were melt-mixed using a 32 mm Coperion co-rotating, fully crossed, twin-screw extruder and included various concentrations of polyarylene sulfide, glass fiber, lubricant (Glycolube P) and Colorants. The formulations of each comparative example are listed in greater detail in the table below. Comparison example 1 Comparison example 2 weight% parts by weight weight% parts by weight PPS 69.2 100 59.2 100 fiberglass 30 43 40 68 Lubricant 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 Colorants 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 Examples 1 to 2

實例1至2係使用32 mm科倍隆同向旋轉、完全交叉式、雙螺桿擠出機熔融混合且包括各種濃度之聚芳硫醚、衝擊改質劑、玻璃纖維、矽氧烷聚合物、有機矽烷、潤滑劑(Glycolube)及著色劑。該衝擊改質劑係乙烯及甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯之無規共聚物，其具有8重量%甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯含量及在190℃下5 g/10 min之熔體流動指數。該矽氧烷聚合物係作為母料提供的具有50%矽氧烷含量及50%樹脂含量之UHMW官能化矽氧烷聚合物。該有機矽烷係3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷。下表中更詳細列舉各實例之調配物。實例1 實例2 重量% 重量份重量% 重量份 PPS 62.8 100 54 100 玻璃纖維 30 48 40 74 衝擊改質劑 5 8 4 7 矽氧烷聚合物 1 1.6 1 1.9 有機矽烷 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 潤滑劑 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 著色劑 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 Examples 1 to 2 were melt mixed using a 32 mm Coperion co-rotating, fully intersecting, twin-screw extruder and included various concentrations of polyarylene sulfide, impact modifier, glass fiber, siloxane polymer, Organosilane, lubricant (Glycolube) and colorant. The impact modifier is a random copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate, which has a glycidyl methacrylate content of 8% by weight and a melt flow index of 5 g/10 min at 190°C. The siloxane polymer is a UHMW functional siloxane polymer with 50% siloxane content and 50% resin content provided as a masterbatch. The organosilane is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The formulations for each example are listed in greater detail in the table below. Example 1 Example 2 weight% parts by weight weight% parts by weight PPS 62.8 100 54 100 fiberglass 30 48 40 74 Impact modifier 5 8 4 7 Siloxane polymer 1 1.6 1 1.9 Organosilane 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 Lubricant 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 Colorants 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9

形成後，測試樣品之各種熱衝擊抗性、CTI及各種其他物理特性。下文列舉結果：比較實例1 比較實例2 實例1 實例2 熱衝擊抗性值(焊接線，1.2 mm) 300 200 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 熱衝擊抗性值(焊接線，2.5 mm) 720 480 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 熱衝擊抗性值(無焊接線，1.2 mm) 624 336 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 熱衝擊抗性值(無焊接線，2.5 mm) 1,392 840 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 400s ^-1下之熔體黏度(千泊) 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.6 拉伸模數(MPa) 11,760 15,220 10,725 14,700 拉伸斷裂應力(MPa) 168.2 202.6 167.4 186.3 拉伸斷裂應變(%) 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.1 撓曲模數(MPa) 11,360 15,010 10,765 14,610 撓曲強度(MPa) 256 291 250 283 23℃下之伊佐德缺口衝擊強度(kJ/m ²) 8.8 9.3 13.5 13.7 CTI (V) 150 150 175 175 0.8 mm下之可燃性 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 After formation, the samples are tested for various thermal shock resistance, CTI and various other physical properties. The results are listed below: Comparison example 1 Comparison example 2 Example 1 Example 2 Thermal shock resistance value (welding line, 1.2 mm) 300 200 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 Thermal shock resistance value (welding line, 2.5 mm) 720 480 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 Thermal shock resistance value (without solder wire, 1.2 mm) 624 336 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 Thermal shock resistance value (without solder wire, 2.5 mm) 1,392 840 ＞1,500 ＞1,500 Melt viscosity at 400s ^-1 (thousand poise) 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.6 Tensile modulus (MPa) 11,760 15,220 10,725 14,700 Tensile breaking stress (MPa) 168.2 202.6 167.4 186.3 Tensile breaking strain (%) 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.1 Flexural modulus (MPa) 11,360 15,010 10,765 14,610 Flexural strength (MPa) 256 291 250 283 Izod notched impact strength at 23℃ (kJ/m ² ) 8.8 9.3 13.5 13.7 CTI(V) 150 150 175 175 Flammability below 0.8 mm V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0

實例1亦經重新調配(實例1a)並在於空氣中在240℃下熱老化1,000 hr之前及之後再次測試各種物理性質。實例1a (熱老化之前) 實例1a (熱老化之後) 拉伸模數(MPa) 10,580 11,200 拉伸斷裂應力(MPa) 169.1 130.2 拉伸斷裂應變(%) 2.2 1.5 23℃下之夏比缺口衝擊強度(kJ/m ²) 12.7 8.9 Example 1 was also reformulated (Example 1a) and tested again for various physical properties before and after heat aging in air at 240°C for 1,000 hr. Example 1a (before heat aging) Example 1a (after heat aging) Tensile modulus (MPa) 10,580 11,200 Tensile breaking stress (MPa) 169.1 130.2 Tensile breaking strain (%) 2.2 1.5 Charpy notch impact strength at 23℃ (kJ/m ² ) 12.7 8.9

本發明之此等及其他修飾及變化可由一般技術者實踐，而不背離本發明之精神及範圍。另外，應瞭解各種實施例之態樣可為全部或部分互換。此外，一般技術者將瞭解前述描述係僅以實例說明之，且無意限制此等隨附申請專利範圍中進一步描述之本發明。These and other modifications and variations of the invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged in whole or in part. Furthermore, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended to limit the invention as further described in the appended claims.

10:匯流排 12:導體 14:連接器部分 16:絕緣部分 18:導電材料 100:第一模具 105:金屬嵌件 110:動力裝置 112:電動車 114:電機 116:變速器 118:引擎 120:驅動軸 122:驅動輪 124:電池組總成 126:功率電子模組 128:DC/DC轉換器模組 130:輔助電池組 131:溫度感測器 132:功率轉換模組 133:電池能量控制模組(BECM) 134:充電埠 136:外部電源 138:EVSE 140:充電連接器 141:電流輸入埠 142:電流感測器 143:電流輸出埠 144:負載/電源 145:標準接地 146:共集極之電壓(VCC) 147:輸出埠 148:外殼 158:電池組電池 160:泵 161:泵 162:熱交換器 163:熱交換器 164:散熱器/儲存器 165:散熱器儲存器 166:加熱器 167:功率電子器件 200:第二模具/連接器 201:基座 202:第一連接器部分 203:基座 204:第二連接器部分 205:金屬嵌件 206:電接腳 208:插座 210:識別標誌 212:第一絕緣體構件/第一保護構件 218:第二絕緣體構件 220:對準窗 221:阻斷器 224:補充標誌 300:第三模具 305:金屬嵌件 310:匯流條 320:反向器模組 325:EMI濾波器設備 330:EMI核心 334:導線 335:互連系統 340:EMI濾波卡 350:螺栓 352:螺栓 400:第四模具 401:電動水泵 402:圓孔 405:金屬嵌件 410:電動馬達 411:馬達外殼 412:安裝部分 420:液壓部分 421:渦殼 422:入口 423:出口 502:圓孔 602:圓孔 702:澆口 704:上端 706:下端 802:第一流道 804:閘門 806:閘門 904:閘門 906:閘門 10:Bus 12:Conductor 14: Connector part 16: Insulation part 18: Conductive materials 100:First mold 105:Metal inserts 110: Power unit 112:Electric car 114:Motor 116:Transmission 118:Engine 120: Drive shaft 122:Driving wheel 124:Battery pack assembly 126:Power electronic module 128:DC/DC converter module 130: Auxiliary battery pack 131:Temperature sensor 132:Power conversion module 133:Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) 134:Charging port 136:External power supply 138:EVSE 140:Charging connector 141:Current input port 142:Current sensor 143:Current output port 144:Load/power supply 145: Standard grounding 146: Common collector voltage (VCC) 147:Output port 148: Shell 158:Battery pack battery 160:Pump 161:Pump 162:Heat exchanger 163:Heat exchanger 164: Radiator/storage 165: Radiator storage 166:Heater 167:Power electronic devices 200: Second mold/connector 201:Pedestal 202: First connector part 203:Pedestal 204: Second connector part 205:Metal insert 206: Electrical pins 208:Socket 210:Identification mark 212: First insulator member/first protection member 218: Second insulator member 220:Align window 221:Blocker 224: Supplementary flag 300:Third mold 305: Metal inserts 310:Bus bar 320:Reverser module 325:EMI filter equipment 330:EMI core 334:Wire 335:Interconnected systems 340:EMI filter card 350: Bolt 352:Bolt 400:Fourth mold 401: Electric water pump 402: round hole 405:Metal insert 410: Electric motor 411: Motor housing 412:Installation part 420:Hydraulic part 421:Volume 422:Entrance 423:Export 502: round hole 602: round hole 702:Gate 704: Upper end 706:Lower end 802:First flow channel 804:Gate 806:Gate 904:Gate 906:Gate

本說明書之剩餘部分(包括參考隨附圖式)中更特別闡述本發明之完整且充分之揭示內容(包括對熟習此項技術者而言其最佳之模式)，其中： A complete and complete disclosure of the invention (including its best mode apparent to those skilled in the art) is set forth in the remainder of this specification (including reference to the accompanying drawings), in which:

圖1繪示一種包括可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件之電動車；Figure 1 illustrates an electric vehicle including components that may be incorporated into a polymer composition as disclosed herein;

圖2繪示可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之匯流排之一項實施例；Figure 2 illustrates one embodiment of a busbar that may be incorporated into a polymer composition as disclosed herein;

圖3繪示可採用可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件之電池組總成；Figure 3 illustrates a battery assembly that may employ components that may incorporate polymer compositions as disclosed herein;

圖4繪示可包括可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件的電子系統；Figure 4 illustrates an electronic system that may include components that may be incorporated into a polymer composition as disclosed herein;

圖5繪示可包括於如圖4中之電子系統中之電流感測器；Figure 5 illustrates a current sensor that may be included in the electronic system as shown in Figure 4;

圖6繪示可存在於包括可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件的電動汽車中之反向器系統；Figure 6 illustrates an inverter system that may be present in an electric vehicle including components that may be incorporated into polymer compositions as disclosed herein;

圖7係可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物的連接器之一項實施例之透視圖；Figure 7 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a connector that may be incorporated into a polymer composition as disclosed herein;

圖8係圖7之連接器之平面圖，其中第一及第二連接器部分脫離；Figure 8 is a plan view of the connector of Figure 7, with the first and second connectors partially detached;

圖9係圖7之連接器之平面圖，其中第一及第二連接器部分接合；Figure 9 is a plan view of the connector of Figure 7, with the first and second connectors partially engaged;

圖10繪示可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件之實例；Figure 10 illustrates examples of components that may be incorporated into polymer compositions as disclosed herein;

圖11繪示可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之另外組件；Figure 11 illustrates additional components that may be incorporated into polymer compositions as disclosed herein;

圖12繪示可包括可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件之低溫熱迴路；Figure 12 illustrates a low temperature thermal loop that may include components that may be incorporated into polymer compositions as disclosed herein;

圖13繪示可包括可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之組件之高溫熱迴路；Figure 13 illustrates a high temperature thermal loop that may include components that may be incorporated into polymer compositions as disclosed herein;

圖14繪示可併入如本文揭示之聚合物組合物之水泵之一項實施例；及Figure 14 illustrates one embodiment of a water pump that may be incorporated into a polymer composition as disclosed herein; and

圖15至18繪示可用以針對如本文描述之熱衝擊抗性進行測試之樣品組件。Figures 15-18 illustrate sample assemblies that can be tested for thermal shock resistance as described herein.

於本說明書及圖式中重複使用參考字元旨在表示本發明之相同或類似特徵或元件。 Repeat use of reference characters in this specification and the drawings is intended to represent the same or similar features or elements of the present invention.

110:動力裝置 110: Power unit

112:電動車 112:Electric car

114:電機 114:Motor

116:變速器 116:Transmission

118:引擎 118:Engine

120:驅動軸 120: Drive shaft

122:驅動輪 122:Driving wheel

124:電池組總成 124:Battery pack assembly

126:功率電子模組 126:Power electronic module

128:DC/DC轉換器模組 128:DC/DC converter module

130:輔助電池組 130: Auxiliary battery pack

131:溫度感測器 131:Temperature sensor

132:功率轉換模組 132:Power conversion module

134:充電埠 134:Charging port

136:外部電源 136:External power supply

138:EVSE 138:EVSE

140:充電連接器 140:Charging connector

Claims

一種聚合物組合物，其包含分散於聚合物基質內之衝擊改質劑及纖維填料，其中該聚合物基質含有高性能熱塑性聚合物，該聚合物顯示根據ISO 75-2:2013在1.8 MPa之負載及約140℃或更大之熔化溫度下測定之約40℃或更大之負載下變形溫度，其中該聚合物組合物進一步顯示約800或更大之熱衝擊抗性值。A polymer composition comprising an impact modifier and a fibrous filler dispersed within a polymer matrix, wherein the polymer matrix contains a high-performance thermoplastic polymer exhibiting a temperature of 1.8 MPa in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 and a deformation temperature under load of about 40°C or greater, measured under load and a melting temperature of about 140°C or greater, wherein the polymer composition further exhibits a thermal shock resistance value of about 800 or greater.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該高性能熱塑性聚合物包括聚烯烴、聚醯胺、聚酯、聚芳硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚、聚甲醛，或其組合。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the high-performance thermoplastic polymer includes polyolefin, polyamide, polyester, polyarylene sulfide, liquid crystal polymer, polyether, polyoxymethylene, or a combination thereof.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該高性能熱塑性聚合物包括聚芳硫醚。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the high-performance thermoplastic polymer includes polyarylene sulfide.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其進一步包含重量平均分子量約100,000公克每莫耳或更大之超高分子量矽氧烷聚合物。The polymer composition of claim 1, further comprising an ultra-high molecular weight siloxane polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 100,000 grams per mole or greater.

如請求項4之聚合物組合物，其中該矽氧烷聚合物係經官能化。The polymer composition of claim 4, wherein the siloxane polymer is functionalized.

如請求項4之聚合物組合物，其中該矽氧烷聚合物包括以下中之一或多者：乙烯基、羥基、氫化物、異氰酸酯基、環氧基、酸基、鹵素原子、烷氧基、醯氧基、酮肟酯基團(ketoximate group)、胺基、醯胺基、酸醯胺基、胺基氧基、巰基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷氧基或胺氧基。The polymer composition of claim 4, wherein the siloxane polymer includes one or more of the following: vinyl, hydroxyl, hydride, isocyanate group, epoxy group, acid group, halogen atom, alkoxy group , acyloxy group, ketoximate group, amine group, amide group, acid amide group, aminooxy group, mercapto group, alkenyloxy group, alkoxyalkoxy group or amineoxy group.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其進一步包含有機矽烷化合物。The polymer composition of claim 1, further comprising an organosilane compound.

如請求項7之聚合物組合物，其中該有機矽烷化合物包括胺基烷氧基矽烷。The polymer composition of claim 7, wherein the organosilane compound includes aminoalkoxysilane.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該聚合物組合物含有每100重量份之聚合物基質約10至約80重量份之纖維填料及約1至約20重量份之衝擊改質劑。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition contains about 10 to about 80 parts by weight of fiber filler and about 1 to about 20 parts by weight of impact modifier per 100 parts by weight of the polymer matrix.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該纖維填料包括玻璃纖維。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the fiber filler includes glass fiber.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該衝擊改質劑包括環氧官能化單體單元。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the impact modifier includes epoxy functional monomer units.

如請求項11之聚合物組合物，其中該環氧官能化單體單元含有環氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酸系單體組分。The polymer composition of claim 11, wherein the epoxy functional monomer unit contains an epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomer component.

如請求項12之聚合物組合物，其中該環氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酸系單體組分係由丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯，或其組合形成。The polymer composition of claim 12, wherein the epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomer component is formed from glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, or a combination thereof.

如請求項11之聚合物組合物，其中該衝擊改質劑進一步包括α-烯烴單體組分。The polymer composition of claim 11, wherein the impact modifier further includes an α-olefin monomer component.

如請求項14之聚合物組合物，其中該α-烯烴單體組分構成該衝擊改質劑之約55重量%至約95重量%，及該環氧官能單體組分構成該衝擊改質劑之約1重量%至約20重量%。The polymer composition of claim 14, wherein the alpha-olefin monomer component constitutes about 55% to about 95% by weight of the impact modifier, and the epoxy functional monomer component constitutes the impact modifier. From about 1% to about 20% by weight of the agent.

如請求項11之聚合物組合物，其中該衝擊改質劑進一步包括該聚合物之約5重量%至約35重量%之量的非環氧官能(甲基)丙烯酸系單體組分。The polymer composition of claim 11, wherein the impact modifier further includes a non-epoxy functional (meth)acrylic monomer component in an amount of about 5% to about 35% by weight of the polymer.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該衝擊改質劑具有根據ASTM D1238-13在2.16 kg之負載及190℃之溫度下測定之約1至約30公克每10分鐘之熔體流動指數。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the impact modifier has a melt flow index of about 1 to about 30 grams per 10 minutes measured according to ASTM D1238-13 at a load of 2.16 kg and a temperature of 190°C.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該聚合物基質構成該聚合物組合物之約50重量%至約98重量%。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer matrix constitutes about 50% to about 98% by weight of the polymer composition.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該聚合物組合物顯示根據ISO 11443:2021在約310℃之溫度下及以400 s ^-1之剪切速率測定之約30 kP或更小之熔體黏度。 The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition exhibits a melt of about 30 kP or less measured according to ISO 11443:2021 at a temperature of about 310°C and a shear rate of 400 s ^-1 viscosity.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該聚合物組合物顯示根據IEC 60112:2003在3毫米之零件厚度下測定之約150伏特或更大之比較電痕指數(comparative track index)。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition exhibits a comparative track index of about 150 volts or greater measured in accordance with IEC 60112:2003 at a part thickness of 3 mm.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該聚合物組合物顯示根據UL94測試在0.8 mm之厚度下測定之V-0評級。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition exhibits a V-0 rating determined according to UL94 testing at a thickness of 0.8 mm.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該聚合物組合物顯示約1,500或更大之熱衝擊抗性值。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition exhibits a thermal shock resistance value of about 1,500 or greater.

如請求項1之聚合物組合物，其中該聚合物組合物顯示約3,000或更大之熱衝擊抗性值。The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition exhibits a thermal shock resistance value of about 3,000 or greater.

一種複合結構，其包含與包括如請求項1之聚合物組合物之樹脂組分接觸之金屬組件。A composite structure comprising a metal component in contact with a resin component including the polymer composition of claim 1.

如請求項24之複合結構，其中該結構係經嵌件模製。The composite structure of claim 24, wherein the structure is insert molded.

一種電動車，其包含包括至少一個電力推進源及經由至少一個功率電子模組連接至該推進源之變速器之動力裝置，其中該電動車包含如請求項24之複合結構。An electric vehicle includes a power device including at least one electric propulsion source and a transmission connected to the propulsion source via at least one power electronic module, wherein the electric vehicle includes the composite structure of claim 24.

如請求項26之電動車，其中該電動車包括包含該複合結構之電組件。The electric vehicle of claim 26, wherein the electric vehicle includes an electrical component including the composite structure.

如請求項27之電動車，其中該電組件包含匯流排、電流感測器、反向器濾波器、電連接器、無刷直流馬達、導環、電池組電池密封圈，或其組合。For example, the electric vehicle of claim 27, wherein the electrical component includes a bus, a current sensor, an inverter filter, an electrical connector, a brushless DC motor, a guide ring, a battery pack sealing ring, or a combination thereof.

如請求項26之電動車，其中該電組件包含快速連接器、三通管、內部連接線，或其組合。For example, the electric vehicle of claim 26, wherein the electrical component includes a quick connector, a tee, an internal connecting wire, or a combination thereof.

如請求項26之電動車，其中該電動車包括包含該聚合物組合物之熱管理系統組件。The electric vehicle of claim 26, wherein the electric vehicle includes a thermal management system component including the polymer composition.

如請求項30之電動車，其中該熱管理系統組件包含冷卻劑泵。The electric vehicle of claim 30, wherein the thermal management system component includes a coolant pump.