TW202339842A

TW202339842A - Method and apparatus for transforming the thermodynamic potential of a gas

Info

Publication number: TW202339842A
Application number: TW112110966A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 肯尼士阿諾德勞頓; 理查德布倫特葛羅錫諾
Original assignee: 加拿大商迪梅遜股份有限公司
Priority date: 2022-03-25
Filing date: 2023-03-23
Publication date: 2023-10-16
Also published as: CA3153422A1; WO2023178429A1

Abstract

An apparatus and method for reducing carbon dioxide emissions by surrounding a combustion source with a molecular sieve. The molecular sieve has an inner surface facing the combustion source and defining an inner flow passage; the outer surface may be coated with a metal oxide catalyst. A body having an inner surface facing an outer surface of the molecular sieve defines an outer flow passage. CO2 is dissociated into Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon and Oxygen molecules. The Carbon along the outer flow passage is exposed to the outer surface of the molecular sieve, steam is dissociated by carbon releasing oxygen and hydrogen. The Oxygen combines with carbon forming a syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Description

轉化氣體熱力位能的方法及裝置 Method and device for converting gas thermal potential energy

本發明係關於氣體轉化器；更具體而言，本發明係關於用於一種轉化氣體熱力位能的方法及裝置。 The present invention relates to a gas converter; more specifically, the present invention relates to a method and device for converting the thermal potential energy of a gas.

二氧化碳被稱為「溫室」氣體，科學家建議減少人為二氧化碳排放，因二氧化碳排放對於減緩氣候變化攸關重要。取代碳氫化合物燃燒所產生的二氧化碳，卻會帶來一氧化碳的生成，它是一種反應性的有用氣體。在工業上，焦炭是透過在缺氧爐中燃燒煤炭而生成，通常會產生含有10%一氧化碳和50%氫氣的煤氣混合物(或稱為「發生爐煤氣」)。 Carbon dioxide is known as a "greenhouse" gas, and scientists recommend reducing man-made carbon dioxide emissions, which are critical to mitigating climate change. Instead of the carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide is produced, which is a reactive and useful gas. Industrially, coke is produced by burning coal in an oxygen-deficient furnace, usually producing a gas mixture containing 10% carbon monoxide and 50% hydrogen (or "producer gas").

沒有一個完美的理論能夠預測結合多種反應物會產生什麼產物。化學反應的產物不僅是反應物的函數，更是溫度、壓力、存在的催化劑和其他因素的函數。由於這個科學知識上的差距，有必要透過實驗來確定當反應物在特定條件下放在一起時將會發生什麼。 No perfect theory can predict what products will result from combining multiple reactants. The products of a chemical reaction are a function not only of the reactants but also of temperature, pressure, presence of catalysts, and other factors. Because of this gap in scientific knowledge, experiments are necessary to determine what happens when reactants are brought together under specific conditions.

在布杜阿爾平衡(Boudouard Equilibrium)的應用中，C+CO₂<==>2CO，氣體的分壓比率表明，在超過約940℃的溫度下，一氧化碳(CO)通常會在氣化過程中存在。縱觀以往相關的文獻，可以找到「發生爐煤氣」的技術方法，一些文獻卻誤導「煤爐內二氧化碳轉化為一氧化碳是因為在爐排上方火紅發光的炭從二氧化碳分子中竊取了氧原子」。雖然現有技術文獻指出，當不需要二氧化碳的情況下，二氧化碳的可以離解成一氧化碳和氧氣，但實際上是鐵爐排本身的熱氧化減少了二氧化碳。 In the application of the Boudouard Equilibrium, C+CO ₂ <==> 2CO, the partial pressure ratio of the gases indicates that at temperatures above about 940°C, carbon monoxide (CO) will typically be present during the gasification process. exist. Looking at the relevant literature in the past, we can find the technical method of "generating furnace gas", but some literature misleads that "the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide in the coal furnace is because the glowing red charcoal above the grate steals oxygen atoms from the carbon dioxide molecules." Although the prior art literature states that carbon dioxide can dissociate into carbon monoxide and oxygen when carbon dioxide is not needed, it is actually the thermal oxidation of the iron grate itself that reduces carbon dioxide.

基本上，根據理想氣體定律，在氣體混合物中，每種氣體在特定體積和溫度下都具有特定的分壓；氣體混合物的總壓力是所有個別氣體分壓的總和。平衡表達式意味著所有個別部分之和必須等於總和。氣體的分壓是特定氣體個別在相同溫度和相同體積的條件下表現出的等效壓力。 Basically, according to the ideal gas law, in a gas mixture, each gas has There is a specific partial pressure at a specific volume and temperature; the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all individual gases. A balanced expression means that the sum of all individual parts must equal the sum. The partial pressure of a gas is the equivalent pressure exhibited by a specific gas under the conditions of the same temperature and the same volume.

然而，理想氣體中的氣體分子不會相互作用，而在真實氣體中，氣體的分壓是氣體分子熱力學活性的量度。實際混合物中的氣體是根據它們的分壓而不是根據它們在氣體混合物中的濃度發生反應。在處於平衡狀態的相互作用氣體的混合物中，正向反應和逆向反應具有相同的速率。即使正向和逆向反應仍在發生，反應成分的濃度在平衡時保持恆定。反應商(Q)衡量在特定時間點的反應過程中存在的產物和反應物的相對量。可以將Q值與平衡常數K進行比較，以確定反應進行以達到平衡的方向。常數K反映了兩種量度： However, gas molecules in an ideal gas do not interact with each other, whereas in real gases the partial pressure of a gas is a measure of the thermodynamic activity of the gas molecules. Gases in a real mixture react according to their partial pressures rather than according to their concentration in the gas mixture. In a mixture of interacting gases at equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions have the same rate. Even though forward and reverse reactions are still taking place, the concentrations of the reacting components remain constant at equilibrium. The reaction quotient (Q) measures the relative amounts of products and reactants present during a reaction at a specific point in time. The Q value can be compared to the equilibrium constant K to determine the direction in which the reaction proceeds to reach equilibrium. The constant K reflects two measures:

如果K>1，平衡是有利於產物。 If K>1, the equilibrium is in favor of the product.

如果K<1，平衡有利於反應物。 If K<1, the equilibrium favors the reactants.

如果K=1，混合物在平衡時含有類似數量的產物和反應物。 If K=1, the mixture contains similar amounts of products and reactants at equilibrium.

平衡常數可以使用化學物質的摩爾濃度(K_c)或分壓(K_p)來計算。 The equilibrium constant can be calculated using the molar concentration (K _c ) or partial pressure (K _p ) of the chemical.

K_c是在一定溫度下反應的平衡濃度比。計算反應的平衡常數值是有助於決定平衡時形成的每種物質符合彼此比例的量。該常數並不取決於反應物和產物的初始濃度，因為當反應穩定時，一定時間後總會達到相同的比例。 K _c is the equilibrium concentration ratio of the reaction at a certain temperature. Calculating the value of the equilibrium constant for a reaction helps determine the amount of each species formed in proportion to each other at equilibrium. This constant does not depend on the initial concentrations of reactants and products, since when the reaction is stable, the same ratios will always be reached after a certain time.

當反應成分是氣體時，我們還可以用分壓來表示處於平衡狀態的該化學物質的量。當平衡常數用氣體的分壓表示時，平衡常數以符號K_p代表。 When the reaction component is a gas, we can also use partial pressure to express the amount of the chemical substance at equilibrium. When the equilibrium constant is expressed in terms of the partial pressure of the gas, the equilibrium constant is represented by the symbol K _p .

氣體混合物的每一種成分都會對混合物施加的總壓力作出貢獻，該壓力與混合物中分子的數量成正比。一摩爾的任何物質恰好等於該物質的6.022x10²³個分子；這被稱為阿伏伽德羅數(Avogadro’s number)。這意味著我們可以使用分子數來表示氣體的摩爾數；氣體混合物的百分比成分告訴我們每種氣體對混合物分子的貢獻有多少。 Each component of a gas mixture contributes to the total pressure exerted by the mixture, which is proportional to the number of molecules in the mixture. One mole of any substance is equal to exactly 6.022x10 ²³ molecules of that substance; this is called Avogadro's number. This means that we can use the number of molecules to express the number of moles of a gas; the percent composition of a gas mixture tells us how much each gas contributes to the molecules of the mixture.

例如：標準大氣壓力和溫度下的空氣(STP)，據稱約有0.004%的二氧化碳。這意味著在每100個空氣分子中，就有0.4個是CO₂分子。 For example: air at standard atmospheric pressure and temperature (STP) is said to contain about 0.004% carbon dioxide. This means that for every 100 air molecules, 0.4 are _CO2 molecules.

氣體的「分壓」是一種熱力學特性，使我們能夠確定某壓力和溫度下的氣體濃度。一旦我們知道了這一點，我們就可以計算平衡時反應物質的濃度或分壓。然後，如果由於混合物中氣體的分壓差異很大，可利用調節反應器壓力和/或溫度來改變平衡的方法將在驟冷之前增加一種產物氣體的濃度超過另一種氣體。 The "partial pressure" of a gas is a thermodynamic property that allows us to determine the concentration of a gas at a certain pressure and temperature. Once we know this, we can calculate the concentration or partial pressure of the reacting species at equilibrium. Then, if there is a large difference in the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture, adjusting the reactor pressure and/or temperature to change the equilibrium will increase the concentration of one product gas over the other before quenching.

我們可以使用理想氣體方程在氣體濃度和分壓之間進行轉換，並使用這個關係推導出一個方程，在Kc和溫度T之間直接轉換，以開爾文(Kelvin)為溫度單位，其中R是正確的氣體常數；例如：0.082057是基於單位K mol/L atm： We can use the ideal gas equation to convert between gas concentration and partial pressure, and use this relationship to derive an equation that converts directly between Kc and temperature T, in Kelvin, where R is correct Gas constant; for example: 0.082057 is based on the unit K mol/L atm:

K_p=(K_cRT)n△ K _p =(K _c RT)n△

符號n△是在適當平衡的化學方程式中，產物側氣體的摩爾數減去反應物側氣體的摩爾數。為了節省時間，可從摩爾數的變化開始計算。如果該變化為零(△n=0)，則K_c等於K_p。 The symbol nΔ is the number of moles of gas on the product side minus the number of moles of gas on the reactant side in a properly balanced chemical equation. To save time, start with the change in moles. If the change is zero (Δn=0), then K _c equals K _p .

對任何化學反應產生的產物的速率的理論預測都需要透過科學接受的方法獲得的實驗數據。例如：在標題為「將二氧化碳轉化為一氧化碳的過程和系統」的現有技術專利EP2794466B1中，該方法聲稱「CO₂轉化器根據本領域已知的高爐反應的一部分進行操作，CO₂+C→2CO，這化學反應無需任何催化劑即會在大約在750至1200℃之間發生」。 Theoretical predictions of the rates of products produced by any chemical reaction require experimental data obtained through scientifically accepted methods. For example: In the prior art patent EP2794466B1 titled "Process and system for converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide", the method states that "the _CO2 converter operates according to a portion of the blast furnace reaction known in the art, _CO2 + C → 2CO , this chemical reaction occurs at approximately 750 to 1200°C without any catalyst."

該方法表明，在750至1200℃之間，無需催化劑，CO₂可被碳還原為一氧化碳。該專利進一步公開，在800℃時，一氧化碳(CO)約為94%，而在約1000℃時，一氧化碳(CO)約為99%。雖然該專利提供了在加工溫度下的反應產物組成，但這些數字是由布杜阿爾(Boudouard)氣化平衡計算得到的。 The method shows that _CO2 can be reduced by carbon to carbon monoxide without the need for a catalyst between 750 and 1200°C. The patent further discloses that at 800°C, carbon monoxide (CO) is approximately 94%, and at approximately 1000°C, carbon monoxide (CO) is approximately 99%. Although the patent provides reaction product compositions at processing temperatures, these numbers are derived from Boudouard gasification equilibrium calculations.

眾所周知，當富含CO的氣體被冷卻到碳的活性超過1時，就會發生布杜阿爾反應。然而，這個反應表明一氧化碳傾向於不成比例地形成二氧化碳和石墨，及進一步形成煤煙。這並不意味著這反應是可逆的。 It is known that the Boudouard reaction occurs when a CO-rich gas is cooled to the point where the carbon's activity exceeds 1. However, this reaction shows that carbon monoxide tends to disproportionately form carbon dioxide and graphite, and further soot. This does not mean that the reaction is reversible.

在高爐中，現有技術文獻正確地參考了平衡常數的化學方程式，但是當計算涉及與催化劑反應的氣體的平衡常數時，催化劑不包括在平衡方程式中。 In blast furnaces, the prior art literature correctly refers to chemical equations for equilibrium constants, but when calculations involve equilibrium constants for gases reacting with the catalyst, the catalyst is not included in the equilibrium equation.

確定平衡常數的第一步需要一個平衡的化學方程式，然後確定反應商Q以判斷反應將向哪個方向達到平衡： The first step in determining the equilibrium constant requires a balanced chemical equation, and then determining the reaction quotient Q to determine in which direction the reaction will reach equilibrium:

CO2+C→2CO CO2+C→2CO

在根據壓力計算平衡常數時最重要的是考慮氣相中的成分。個別氣體的分壓等於總壓力乘以該氣體的摩爾分數。我們可以為包括固體和純液體的反應寫出K_p，因為它們沒有出現在平衡表達式中。這裡我們有一摩爾的二氧化碳與一摩爾的碳反應，碳不能是氣體，所以我們可以忽略碳；接下來這個反應會產生2mol的CO。因此： The most important thing to consider when calculating equilibrium constants from pressure is the composition of the gas phase. The partial pressure of an individual gas is equal to the total pressure multiplied by the mole fraction of that gas. We can write K _p for reactions involving solids and pure liquids because they do not appear in the equilibrium expression. Here we have one mole of carbon dioxide reacting with one mole of carbon. Carbon cannot be a gas, so we can ignore carbon; then this reaction will produce 2 moles of CO. therefore:

K_c=產物濃度/反應物濃度 K _c = product concentration/reactant concentration

K_c=0.94/(1.00-0.94)=15.66 K _c =0.94/(1.00-0.94)=15.66

25n△=產物摩爾數-反應物摩爾數=2-1=1 25n△=moles of product-moles of reactants=2-1=1

K_p=K_cRT^△n=15.6x0.082057x800+273¹=1379 K _p =K _c RT ^△n =15.6x0.082057x800+273 ¹ =1379

在氣體混合物的K_p的公式中，K_p等於產物分壓之和與反應物分壓之和之比率。因此，當平衡值K>1時，代表正向反應占主導地位，在800℃時生成產物一氧化碳。由於氣體混合物的K_p不變，在可逆反應中，總壓力、溫度或氣體混合物濃度的變化將改變平衡。 In the formula for K _p of a gas mixture, K _p is equal to the ratio of the sum of the partial pressures of the products to the sum of the partial pressures of the reactants. Therefore, when the equilibrium value K>1, it means that the forward reaction dominates and the product carbon monoxide is generated at 800°C. Since the K _p of the gas mixture does not change, in a reversible reaction, changes in the total pressure, temperature, or concentration of the gas mixture will change the equilibrium.

平衡常數可以透過實驗或計算方法得出；如果是透過計算方法取得者，必須透過實驗確認以確定反應平衡常數的真實值。 The equilibrium constant can be obtained through experiments or calculation methods; if it is obtained through calculation methods, it must be confirmed through experiments to determine the true value of the reaction equilibrium constant.

因此，這是有必要在測量溫度下建立穩定平衡的同時測量反應物和/或產物的濃度。進行實驗反應過程中所用的反應器在操作溫度和壓力下必須是完全惰性的；否則，一些未知的化學物品可能會充當催化劑。 Therefore, it is necessary to measure the concentrations of reactants and/or products while establishing a stable equilibrium at the measurement temperature. Reactors used during experimental reactions must be completely inert at operating temperatures and pressures; otherwise, some unknown chemical may act as a catalyst.

催化劑是一種在沒有任何永久性化學變化的情況下提高化學反應速率的物質。可逆反應是正向反應產生產物而同時逆向反應將產物轉化回反應物之反應。 A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without any permanent chemical changes. A reversible reaction is a reaction in which the forward reaction produces a product while the reverse reaction converts the product back into the reactant.

科學家們知道，即使在沒有「催化劑」的情況下，二氧化碳也不會在高溫下解離，並且迄今為止，雖然已經提出了許多用於減少溫室氣體二氧化碳的催化劑，但沒有一種是符合經濟原則。為了經濟起見，催化劑應該能夠持續長時間的使用。 Scientists know that carbon dioxide does not dissociate at high temperatures even in the absence of a "catalyst", and while many catalysts have been proposed to date for reducing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, none are economical. To be economical, the catalyst should be able to last for a long time.

活性系列是根據金屬的反應性從高到低排列的金屬順序。從鉀到鈣的金屬具有高反應性，而從鎂到鉛的金屬可以與酸反應。從銅到鉑的金屬在正常條件下都非常不活潑；最重要的是，它們不易氧化。鋅、鐵、鋁、鎂、鈣等金屬很容易形成氧化物。 An active series is an order of metals arranged from high to low according to their reactivity. Metals from potassium to calcium are highly reactive, while metals from magnesium to lead can react with acids. Metals from copper to platinum are very inactive under normal conditions; most importantly, they do not oxidize easily. Metals such as zinc, iron, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium easily form oxides.

在高爐中，現有技術文獻正確地參考了平衡常數CO₂+C→2CO的化學方程式，但是當計算涉及與催化劑反應的氣體的平衡常數時，催化劑不包括在平衡方程式中。眾所周知，CO₂與焦炭反應會消耗能量，而H₂、N₂和CO則不會；這是因為CO將氧化鐵還原為鐵。 In blast furnaces, the prior art literature correctly refers to the chemical equation with the equilibrium constant _CO2 +C→2CO, but when the calculation involves the equilibrium constant of the gas reacting with the catalyst, the catalyst is not included in the equilibrium equation. It is known that the reaction of _CO2 with coke consumes energy, but _H2 , _N2 and CO do not; this is because CO reduces iron oxide to iron.

眾所周知，穩定的氣體在高溫下不會解離，除非其中有其他元素存在，而且該元素必須會形成氧化物。因此，完全可逆反應必須包括根據活性序列同時還原元素及其氧化物。 It is well known that stable gases do not dissociate at high temperatures unless some other element is present, and that element must form an oxide. Therefore, a fully reversible reaction must involve the simultaneous reduction of elements and their oxides according to the activity sequence.

同樣，參考現有技術，已經確定CO₂轉化為長鏈碳氫化合物透過鐵催化劑的兩階段反應機制，首先是CO₂在鐵的磁鐵礦相上轉化為CO，然後隨之而來的是費托合成(Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis)。(參考Lox,E.S,and Froment,G.F.，工業與工程化學研究32(1),71(1993))。 Likewise, with reference to the prior art, a two-stage reaction mechanism for the conversion of _CO2 into long-chain hydrocarbons over an iron catalyst has been identified, with first the conversion of _CO2 to CO on the magnetite phase of iron, followed by the subsequent Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. (Reference Lox, ES, and Froment, GF, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 32(1), 71 (1993)).

高爐用於煉鐵，氧化鐵還原一氧化碳生成鐵，FeO+CO→Fe+CO₂；同時二氧化碳將鐵氧化成氧化鐵形成一氧化碳的逆反應，Fe+CO₂→FeO+CO。 Blast furnaces are used to make iron. Iron oxide reduces carbon monoxide to form iron, FeO+CO→Fe+CO ₂ ; at the same time, carbon dioxide oxidizes iron to iron oxide to form carbon monoxide, which is the reverse reaction, Fe+CO ₂ →FeO+CO.

因此，是高爐內的形成鐵的氧化鐵提供了催化劑離解二氧化碳為一氧化碳，而二氧化碳離解為一氧化碳並非高溫的原因。 Therefore, it is the iron-forming iron oxide in the blast furnace that provides the catalyst to dissociate carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, and the dissociation of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide is not the cause of the high temperature.

布杜阿爾平衡決定了氣體混合物在給定總壓力下的穩定組成，或者在給定溫度下它們個別分壓的總和。然而，布杜阿爾反應是基於煤的一個氧化過程。這意味著供應氧氣以產生碳的氧化物(即一氧化碳)。 Boudouard equilibrium determines the stable composition of a gas mixture at a given total pressure, or the sum of their individual partial pressures at a given temperature. However, the Boudouard reaction is based on an oxidation process of coal. This means supplying oxygen to produce the oxide of carbon (i.e. carbon monoxide).

碳氣化的平衡化學方程式為：4C+3O₂→2CO+2CO₂，布杜阿爾平衡表明在較高溫度下一氧化碳占主導地位。相反，當一氧化碳冷卻時，在氧氣存在的情況下，會形成二氧化碳。 The balanced chemical equation of carbon gasification is: 4C+3O ₂ →2CO+2CO ₂ , and Boudouard equilibrium shows that carbon monoxide dominates at higher temperatures. Conversely, when carbon monoxide cools, in the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide is formed.

布杜阿爾反應清楚地說明了目前遇到的問題；雖然一氧化碳很熱，但「壽命短」，如果暴露在「空氣」中，很快就會與氧氣重新結合，再次形成二氧化碳。缺少氧氣的過量一氧化碳會形成煤煙，而已知煤煙沉積物會使催化劑中毒。 The Boudouard reaction clearly illustrates the problem currently encountered; although carbon monoxide is very hot, it is "short-lived" and if exposed to "air" will quickly recombine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide again. Excess carbon monoxide in the absence of oxygen can form soot, and soot deposits are known to poison catalysts.

電氣方面的變壓器會改變電壓或做功的電勢。以類似的方式，提高氣體混合物的溫度會增加它們的反應潛力；相反，冷卻氣體混合物可能會阻止它們的反應。 Electrically, a transformer changes the voltage or electrical potential required to do work. In a similar way, increasing the temperature of a gas mixture increases their potential to react; conversely, cooling a gas mixture may prevent their reaction.

本文描述氣體轉化器及透過改變給定溫度下的總壓力然後驟冷、快速降低氣體混合物的溫度來控制熱力學反應氣體混合物的產物組成的方法。 This article describes a gas reformer and a method for controlling the product composition of a thermodynamically reacting gas mixture by changing the total pressure at a given temperature and then quenching, rapidly lowering the temperature of the gas mixture.

在沒有氣體混合物驟冷的情況下，當氣體混合物冷卻時，產物會發生逆反應或重組。 In the absence of quenching of the gas mixture, the products can undergo a reverse reaction or recombination as the gas mixture cools.

此外，除了控制混合氣體的裝置和方法外，還包括控制混合氣體的總壓力、溫度和驟冷的裝置和方法；透過添加適當的催化劑，已經發現它可以改變布杜阿爾平衡，增加分壓或在約820℃時燃燒產生的一氧化碳的濃度。隨後，當布杜阿爾平衡超過1時，結果可能是產生過量一氧化碳；而轉移的平衡可能會在煤煙形成之前容許更高濃度的一氧化碳。 In addition, in addition to the devices and methods for controlling the mixed gas, it also includes devices and methods for controlling the total pressure, temperature and quenching of the mixed gas; by adding appropriate catalysts, it has been found that it can change the Boudouard equilibrium, increase the partial pressure or The concentration of carbon monoxide produced by combustion at about 820°C. Subsequently, when the Boudouard equilibrium exceeds 1, the result may be excessive production of carbon monoxide; and the shifted equilibrium may allow for higher concentrations of carbon monoxide before soot is formed.

當焦炭從煤爐排出後，用水快速冷卻時，可能會產生水煤氣。以類似的方式，把水注入氣體轉化器的方法是使用形成的單質碳或煤煙作為催化劑來離解補充的水蒸氣。 Water gas may be produced when coke is rapidly cooled with water after it is discharged from the coal furnace. In a similar manner, water is injected into a gas reformer using the elemental carbon or coal formed The smoke acts as a catalyst to dissociate the supplemental water vapor.

單質碳可以將水催化離解為氫氣和活性氧。因此，布杜阿爾平衡表明，對於給定的總壓力和溫度，活性氧與單質碳結合形成一氧化碳。 Elemental carbon can catalytically dissociate water into hydrogen and reactive oxygen species. Thus, the Boudouard equilibrium states that for a given total pressure and temperature, reactive oxygen species combine with elemental carbon to form carbon monoxide.

現在，我們的大氣中不再是碳氫化合物燃燒產生二氧化碳，而是產生一氧化碳和氫氣的濃縮混合物；在本領域中稱為合成氣體或合成氣。一旦獲得含有一氧化碳和氫氣的合成氣，就可以使用費托合成工藝將氣態式一氧化碳和氫氣轉化為液態式碳氫化合物。 Instead of burning hydrocarbons in our atmosphere to produce carbon dioxide, our atmosphere now produces a concentrated mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; known in the art as synthesis gas or syngas. Once the syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen is obtained, the gaseous carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be converted into liquid hydrocarbons using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.

在一方面，本發明提供了一種用於減少二氧化碳排放的方法。可以採取用管狀多孔陶瓷套筒包圍燃燒源的步驟。陶瓷套筒具有面向燃燒源的內表面，該內表面係界定出內流道和外表面。 In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. A step may be taken to surround the combustion source with a tubular porous ceramic sleeve. The ceramic sleeve has an inner surface facing the combustion source and defining an inner flow channel and an outer surface.

細長構件可以同心定位在陶瓷套筒的內流通道內。細長構件提供了許多優點。其中之一個優點可能是它允許在細長構件周圍引起螺旋流。 The elongated member may be positioned concentrically within the internal flow channel of the ceramic sleeve. Elongated members offer many advantages. One of the advantages may be that it allows the induction of helical flow around elongated members.

螺旋流增加了燃燒氣體沿內流道移動所花費的時間。這保持了整個內流道的溫度。如果使用催化劑，則細長構件將分佈熱量以促進均勻的催化反應。 Spiral flow increases the time it takes for combustion gases to move along the inner flow path. This maintains the temperature throughout the inner flow path. If a catalyst is used, the elongated members will distribute heat to promote a uniform catalytic reaction.

通常，燃燒氣體含有大量的氮氣和二氧化碳。螺旋流傾向於將較重的含二氧化碳氣體向外推，將相對較輕的氮氣和一氧化碳氣體與更輕的含氫燃料氣體分離及驅使它們迫近細長構件。 Typically, combustion gases contain large amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The spiral flow tends to push the heavier carbon dioxide-containing gases outward, separating the relatively lighter nitrogen and carbon monoxide gases from the lighter hydrogen-containing fuel gases and driving them toward the elongated member.

雖然細長構件可以是實心金屬或陶瓷棒並且具有上述的作用，但是優選的細長構件是管狀的。這使得來自二次源的含有CO₂的廢氣在經過細長管狀構件內部時被加熱。此外，細長管狀構件提供導管以從二次源輸送水蒸氣，從而在細長管狀構件內被加熱成蒸汽。 Although the elongate member may be a solid metal or ceramic rod and serve the purpose described above, the preferred elongate member is tubular. This allows the _CO2 -containing exhaust gas from the secondary source to be heated as it passes inside the elongated tubular member. Additionally, the elongated tubular member provides a conduit to transport water vapor from the secondary source to be heated to steam within the elongated tubular member.

可以採取用外部組件圍繞內部陶瓷套筒的一個步驟。外部組件具有周邊側壁，該周邊側壁具有面向內部陶瓷套筒的外表面的內表面並界定出外流道。 One step can be taken to surround the inner ceramic sleeve with outer components. The outer assembly has a peripheral sidewall having an inner surface facing the outer surface of the inner ceramic sleeve and defining an outer flow channel.

第二較長的外部組件可以同心定位在內部陶瓷套筒的中心孔內。外部組件具有第一端、第二端和具有內表面和外表面的週壁。週壁可以用周邊U形轉彎過渡封閉，在該過渡處內流道連接到外流道。U形轉彎可以是終止管狀形式的平坦或彎曲形狀。 The second longer outer component can be positioned concentrically in the center of the inner ceramic sleeve inside the hole. The outer component has a first end, a second end, and a peripheral wall having an inner surface and an outer surface. The peripheral wall can be closed with a peripheral U-turn transition where the inner flow channel connects to the outer flow channel. A U-turn can be a flat or curved shape terminating in a tubular form.

在外部組件的內表面和內部陶瓷套筒的外表面之間形成的空腔係界定出一流道。空腔可以是空的，部分或完全填有金屬氧化物框架、MOF、催化劑。在一個實施例中，內部陶瓷套筒的外表面可以塗有含有氧化鐵的MOF催化劑，而外部組件的外表面保持裸露。 A cavity formed between the inner surface of the outer component and the outer surface of the inner ceramic sleeve defines a flow channel. The cavity can be empty, partially or completely filled with metal oxide frameworks, MOFs, catalysts. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the inner ceramic sleeve can be coated with a MOF catalyst containing iron oxide, while the outer surface of the outer component remains bare.

可以採取用第三管狀套筒包圍外部組件的一步驟。第二管狀組件的外表面與第三管狀主體的周邊側壁的內表面形成環形外通道，從而形成外殼。 A step may be taken to surround the outer component with a third tubular sleeve. The outer surface of the second tubular component and the inner surface of the peripheral side wall of the third tubular body form an annular outer channel, thereby forming a housing.

燃燒器輸入連接件可位於管狀陶瓷套筒的第一端，與內流道流體或流動連通。在外殼壁上可設置用於處理過的燃燒氣體的出口，這些燃燒氣體隨後被送去分離和作進一步處理。 The burner input connection may be located at a first end of the tubular ceramic sleeve in fluid or flow communication with the internal flow passage. Outlets for treated combustion gases can be provided in the housing wall, which are then sent for separation and further processing.

可以採取以下步驟：用最少的空氣燃燒碳氫化合物燃料，提高含有一定比例的一氧化碳(CO)和二氧化碳(CO₂)所得燃燒氣體的混合物的溫度，並在氣體中引起於細長管狀構件發生的螺旋。圍繞細長管狀構件的螺旋渦流的速度可能足以在細長構件的表面附近引起伯格斯渦流(Burges vortex)，而在內部分子篩的外表面處，螺旋速度形成均勻的旋轉流。 The following steps may be taken: burning the hydrocarbon fuel with a minimum of air, raising the temperature of the resulting mixture of combustion gases containing a proportion of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide ( _CO2 ), and inducing in the gas a spiral that occurs in the elongated tubular member . The velocity of the spiral vortex surrounding the elongated tubular member may be sufficient to induce Burges vortex near the surface of the elongated tubular member, while at the outer surface of the inner molecular sieve, the spiral velocity creates a uniform rotating flow.

伯格斯渦流速度可能足以透過密度引起氣體分離，其中外部旋轉流包含混合氣體。當氣體進入U形轉彎時，它們會折疊在內部陶瓷套筒的外表面上，並借助由該氣體折疊所產生的氣體漏斗折疊在U形轉彎內。在此，密度較大的含碳廢氣可以折疊到MOF催化劑中，其被均勻加熱導致CO₂離解成一氧化碳(CO)和活性氧。 The Burgers vortex velocity may be sufficient to cause gas separation through density, where the outer rotating flow contains mixed gases. When the gases enter the U-turn, they fold on the outer surface of the inner ceramic sleeve and fold inside the U-turn with the help of the gas funnel created by this gas folding. Here, the denser carbon-containing exhaust gas can be folded into the MOF catalyst, which is uniformly heated causing the dissociation of _CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO) and reactive oxygen species.

在U形轉彎中折疊燃燒氣體期間，螺旋同樣會將氮氣折疊，並且在外部組件的內表面和MOF之間形成保護氣體層。此外，作為將CO₂排放到大氣中的替代方案，可以將來自工業過程的廢氣通入上述裝置，管狀或細長構件，以及在透過MOF催化劑轉化二氧化碳為一氧化碳之前提高來自工業過程的廢氣的溫度。 During the folding of the combustion gases in the U-turn, the spiral also folds the nitrogen and forms a protective gas layer between the inner surface of the outer component and the MOF. Furthermore, as an alternative to emitting _CO2 into the atmosphere, it is possible to pass the exhaust gases from the industrial process into the above-mentioned device, a tubular or elongated member, and to increase the temperature of the exhaust gases from the industrial process before passing through the MOF catalyst to convert the carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide.

含有CO₂的熱廢氣進入MOF，在那裡Fe可能被氧化成FeO形成CO，CO與氮氣保護氣體結合，燃燒氣體在U形轉彎部分折疊，導致一氧化碳的分壓超過1。在一定的總壓力和溫度下，一氧化碳的分壓超過1時會導致游離碳的形成。 The hot exhaust gas containing _CO2 enters the MOF, where Fe may be oxidized to FeO to form CO. The CO is combined with the nitrogen protective gas, and the combustion gas is folded in the U-turn part, causing the partial pressure of carbon monoxide to exceed 1. Under a certain total pressure and temperature, when the partial pressure of carbon monoxide exceeds 1, it will lead to the formation of free carbon.

在折疊過程中，熱氮氣和一氧化碳保護MOF催化劑免受氫氣和在外流道中形成的游離碳的影響，因此它們被限制在外部組件的內表面。 During the folding process, hot nitrogen and carbon monoxide protect the MOF catalyst from hydrogen and free carbon formed in the outer flow channels, so they are confined to the inner surfaces of the outer components.

透過細長管狀構件將水蒸汽與游離碳和熱氣體結合引入U形轉彎的進一步的步驟導致形成的蒸汽離解成游離氫和活性氧。活性氧與游離碳結合形成一氧化碳。氮氣在碳和氧之間形成保護氣體，在外部區域形成一氧化碳，二氧化碳在內部MOF區域分解為活性氧和一氧化碳。 The further step of introducing water vapor into the U-turn through the elongated tubular member in combination with free carbon and hot gases results in the dissociation of the formed vapor into free hydrogen and reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species combine with free carbon to form carbon monoxide. Nitrogen forms a protective gas between carbon and oxygen, carbon monoxide is formed in the outer area, and carbon dioxide decomposes into reactive oxygen species and carbon monoxide in the inner MOF area.

儘管以上基本的分壓方法和裝置已經確定，但在下文將要描述的實施例中，添加了許多特徵以增強操作。 Although the basic voltage dividing method and apparatus have been established above, in the embodiments to be described below, many features have been added to enhance operation.

在一個實施例中，本發明提供了外殼。外殼具有第一端、第二端和界定出外殼空腔的周邊側壁。管狀主體可定位在外殼空腔內，管狀主體的外表面與外殼的周邊側壁形成最外流道。可以在外流道連接到最外流道的地方提供驟冷區。最外流道提供冷卻區以快速冷卻含有一氧化碳的產物氣體。這冷卻區限制流量從外流道流出，這將在下文中進一步描述。 In one embodiment, the invention provides a housing. The housing has a first end, a second end, and a peripheral sidewall defining a housing cavity. The tubular body can be positioned within the housing cavity, with the outer surface of the tubular body and the peripheral sidewall of the housing forming an outermost flow channel. A quench zone may be provided where the outer flow channel connects to the outermost flow channel. The outermost flow channel provides a cooling zone to rapidly cool the product gas containing carbon monoxide. This cooling zone restricts flow from the outer flow channel, which will be described further below.

在一個實施例中，限流器可位於形成後續冷卻區的驟冷區過渡處。限流器用以阻塞流量。抽吸源可以連接到最外流道，用於抵消由限流器引起的背壓和捕取驟冷氣體。 In one embodiment, the flow restrictor may be located at the transition of the quench zone forming a subsequent cooling zone. Flow restrictors are used to block flow. A suction source can be connected to the outermost flow channel to counteract the back pressure caused by the restrictor and capture the quench gas.

推動壓力下的氣體通過受限或會聚的開口進入低壓區域可能會被阻塞或達到臨界流量；後續發散區中的較低壓力會對熱氣體產生冷卻效果。發散側的壓力越低，氣體速度越高；這提供了從亞音速到超音速的變化，以快速降低氣體溫度。 Pushing gas under pressure through a restricted or converging opening into a low-pressure area may become blocked or reach critical flow; the subsequent lower pressure in the diverging zone will have a cooling effect on the hot gas. The lower the pressure on the divergent side, the higher the gas velocity; this provides a change from subsonic to supersonic speeds to quickly reduce the gas temperature.

限流孔的最大氣體速度可能受到氣體聲速和限流孔面積的限制；質量流量和成分皆與超音波信號成正比，但與氣體溫度幾乎沒有影響。因此，形成驟冷區的限制引起聲速，其吸力產生亞音速到超音速排放速度。因此，驟冷區迅速將含一氧化碳的氣體的溫度降低到400℃以下，優選地低至200℃，從而防止二氧化碳的形成。 The maximum gas velocity of the restriction orifice may be limited by the gas sound speed and the restriction orifice area; the mass flow rate and composition are proportional to the ultrasonic signal, but have little impact on the gas temperature. ring. Thus, the confinement that forms the quench zone induces sonic velocities, whose suction creates subsonic to supersonic discharge velocities. The quench zone therefore rapidly reduces the temperature of the carbon monoxide-containing gas to below 400°C, preferably as low as 200°C, thereby preventing the formation of carbon dioxide.

在一個實施例中，傳導超聲換能器可以在限流器處與外流道連通。超音波的使用有幾個有價值的功能，其一是以某種方式來確定有多少比例的二氧化碳已轉化為一氧化碳。超音波間距可用於監測CO₂與CO的比率。這可能是因為CO₂和CO的相對密度不同，導致它們的聲波特徵相對不同。超音波強度還提供了通過驟冷區限制的氣體速度的測量值。氣體成分和速度可用於計算氣體的質量流量。 In one embodiment, the conducting ultrasound transducer may communicate with the outer flow channel at the flow restrictor. The use of ultrasound has several valuable functions, one of which is to determine in some way what proportion of carbon dioxide has been converted to carbon monoxide. Ultrasonic spacing can be used to monitor CO _to CO ratios. This may be because the relative densities of _CO2 and CO are different, causing their acoustic wave characteristics to be relatively different. Ultrasonic intensity also provides a measure of the gas velocity through the quench zone confinement. Gas composition and velocity can be used to calculate the mass flow rate of a gas.

另一方面，本發明可提供一種用於減少二氧化碳排放的裝置，其包括具有第一端、第二端和具有內表面和外表面的周邊側壁的管狀主體。內表面係界定出中心孔。內管狀陶瓷套筒可以是形成分子篩的具有導電或半導電特性的多孔鈮碳化矽(NbSiC)材料。 In another aspect, the present invention may provide a device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, including a tubular body having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral sidewall having an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface defines a central hole. The inner tubular ceramic sleeve may be a porous niobium silicon carbide (NbSiC) material with conductive or semi-conductive properties forming a molecular sieve.

本發明可以提供電氣控制組件，用於透過高壓電源為由具有導電或半導電特性的不銹鋼或多孔鈮碳化矽材料製成的外部組件供電。通常25kv或更小的電壓可以連接在細長管狀金屬構件和外部組件之間，目的是透過多孔陶瓷套筒以靜電方式將氧原子從催化區吸引到燃燒區中的細長構件。 The present invention can provide electrical control components for powering external components made of stainless steel or porous niobium silicon carbide materials with conductive or semi-conductive properties through a high-voltage power supply. A voltage of typically 25kV or less may be connected between the elongated tubular metal member and the external component with the purpose of electrostatically attracting oxygen atoms from the catalytic zone to the elongated member in the combustion zone through the porous ceramic sleeve.

在一方面，本發明描述了一種用於減少二氧化碳排放的方法。該方法還包括用分子篩包圍燃燒源，該分子篩具有內表面和外表面，內表面面向燃燒源並界定出內流道；以主體包圍分子篩，主體具有周邊側壁，其內表面面對分子篩的外表面且界定出外流道；升高含有二氧化碳(CO₂)的燃燒氣體混合物的溫度，使氣體混合物沿著外流道流動，並且與金屬氧化物骨架包覆的分子篩的外表面接觸；在金屬氧化物的孔隙內，使鐵形成氧化鐵而將二氧化碳催化還原成CO以形成游離碳；在金屬氧化物骨架內，增加由一氧化碳還原的氧化鐵所釋放的游離氧；游離碳與游離氧氧化生成一氧化碳。 In one aspect, the invention describes a method for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The method also includes surrounding the combustion source with a molecular sieve, the molecular sieve having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface facing the combustion source and defining an internal flow channel; surrounding the molecular sieve with a body, the body having peripheral side walls, the inner surface facing the outer surface of the molecular sieve and defining an outer flow channel; increasing the temperature of the combustion gas mixture containing carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), causing the gas mixture to flow along the outer flow channel, and contact the outer surface of the molecular sieve coated with the metal oxide skeleton; on the surface of the metal oxide In the pores, iron is formed into iron oxide and carbon dioxide is catalytically reduced to CO to form free carbon; in the metal oxide skeleton, free oxygen released by iron oxide reduced by carbon monoxide is added; free carbon and free oxygen are oxidized to form carbon monoxide.

實現可能包括以下一項或多項功能。在該方法中，細長金屬構件定位在內流道中並且透過細長金屬構件引起螺旋流。細長金屬構件是管狀的並且燃燒來自輔助源的氣體沿著細長金屬構件通過以進行處理。基於CO₂和CO的相對密度差異，傳導超聲用於監測CO₂和CO的轉化。所描述的技術的實施方式可以包括硬體、方法或過程，或計算機可訪問介質上的計算機軟件。 Implementations may include one or more of the following features. In this method, an elongated metal member is positioned in the inner flow channel and a spiral flow is induced through the elongated metal member. The elongated metal member is tubular and combustion gases from the auxiliary source are passed along the elongated metal member for treatment. Conducted ultrasound is used to monitor the conversion of _CO and CO based on _their relative density differences. Implementations of the described technologies may include hardware, methods or processes, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium.

在一方面，本發明描述了一種用於減少二氧化碳排放的裝置。該裝置進一步包括管狀主體，該管狀主體具有第一端、第二端和周邊側壁，該周邊側壁具有界定出中心孔和外表面的內表面；電氣控制組件，用於將管狀主體連接到電源，以便選擇性地提供電流以使管狀主體可用作半導體；多孔管狀分子篩同心定位在管狀主體的中心孔內，多孔管狀分子篩具有第一端、第二端和具有內表面和外表面的周向壁，內表面係界定出內流道，並且外表面與管狀主體週側壁的內表面形成外流道；第一過渡接頭，內流道與外流道相連；燃燒器輸入連接件位於內流道的第一端；及處理過的燃燒氣體的出口。 In one aspect, the invention describes a device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The device further includes a tubular body having a first end, a second end and a peripheral sidewall having an inner surface defining a central bore and an outer surface; an electrical control assembly for connecting the tubular body to a power source, To selectively provide an electric current so that the tubular body can be used as a semiconductor; a porous tubular molecular sieve is concentrically positioned within the central hole of the tubular body, the porous tubular molecular sieve having a first end, a second end and a circumferential wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner The surface system defines an inner flow channel, and the outer surface and the inner surface of the peripheral side wall of the tubular body form an outer flow channel; a first transition joint connects the inner flow channel to the outer flow channel; the burner input connector is located at the first end of the inner flow channel; and an outlet for treated combustion gases.

實施例可以包括以下一項或多項功能。本發明提供外殼的裝置，外殼具有第一端、第二端和界定出外殼空腔的周邊側壁；管狀主體的外表面與外殼的周邊側壁形成最外流道；第二過渡連接件設置在外流道連接到最外流道的地方。限流器位於第二過渡連接件處。傳導超聲換能器在限流器處與外流道連通。抽吸源連接到最外流道，用於抵消由限流器引起的背壓。細長金屬構件同心定位在多孔管狀分子篩的內流道內，細長金屬構件具有第一端和第二端。細長金屬構件是管狀的。管狀主體是無孔導電陶瓷。多孔管狀分子篩是一種多孔的不導電陶瓷。所描述的技術的實施可以包括硬件、方法或過程，或者電腦可存取媒體上的電腦軟件。 Embodiments may include one or more of the following functions. The invention provides a device for a casing. The casing has a first end, a second end and a peripheral side wall defining a cavity of the casing; the outer surface of the tubular body and the peripheral side wall of the casing form an outermost flow channel; and a second transition connector is arranged in the outer flow channel. Where it connects to the outermost flow channel. The flow restrictor is located at the second transition piece. The conductive ultrasonic transducer is connected to the outer flow channel at the flow restrictor. The suction source is connected to the outermost flow channel and is used to offset the back pressure caused by the flow restrictor. An elongated metal member is concentrically positioned within the internal flow channel of the porous tubular molecular sieve, the elongated metal member having a first end and a second end. The elongated metal member is tubular. The tubular body is non-porous conductive ceramic. Porous tubular molecular sieve is a porous non-conductive ceramic. Implementations of the techniques described may include hardware, methods or processes, or computer software on computer-accessible media.

在一方面，本發明描述了一種用於減少二氧化碳排放的裝置。該裝置還包括外殼，該外殼具有第一端、第二端和界定出外殼空腔的外圍側壁；無孔導電陶瓷管狀主體，位於外殼的外殼空腔內，管狀主體具有第一端、第二端和具有內表面和外表面的周邊側壁，內表面界定出中心孔，外表面與外殼的周邊側壁界定出最外流道；電氣控制組件，用於將管狀主體連接到電源，以便選擇性提供電流以使管狀主體可用作半導體；多孔非導電陶瓷的多孔管狀分子篩同心定位在管狀主體的中心孔內，多孔管狀分子篩具有第一端、第二端和具有內表面和外表面的周壁，內表面外表面與管狀主體的周邊側壁的內表面形成內流道；細長管狀金屬構件同心定位在多孔管狀分子篩的內流道內，細長管狀金屬構件具有第一端和第二端；第一過渡連接件，其中內流道連接到外流道，細長管狀金屬構件的第二端終止於第一過渡連接件；外流道與最外流道相連的第二過渡接頭，第二過渡接頭處設有限流器；傳導超聲換能器在限流器處與外流道連通；連接到最外流道的抽吸源，用於抵消由限流器引起的背壓；燃燒器輸入接頭位於內流道的第一端；以及與最外流道連通的用於處理過的燃燒氣體的出口。 In one aspect, the invention describes a device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The device also includes a housing having a first end, a second end and a peripheral sidewall defining a housing cavity; a non-porous conductive ceramic tubular body located within the housing cavity of the housing, the tubular body having There is a first end, a second end and a peripheral sidewall having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a central hole, and the outer surface and the peripheral sidewall of the housing defining an outermost flow channel; an electrical control assembly for connecting the tubular body to a power source to selectively provide an electric current so that the tubular body can function as a semiconductor; a porous tubular molecular sieve of a porous non-conductive ceramic concentrically positioned within a central hole of the tubular body, the porous tubular molecular sieve having a first end, a second end and an inner surface and The peripheral wall of the outer surface, the outer surface of the inner surface and the inner surface of the peripheral side wall of the tubular body form an inner flow channel; the elongated tubular metal member is concentrically positioned in the inner flow channel of the porous tubular molecular sieve, and the elongated tubular metal member has a first end and a second end. end; a first transition connector, wherein the inner flow channel is connected to the outer flow channel, and the second end of the elongated tubular metal member terminates in the first transition connector; a second transition joint where the outer flow channel is connected to the outermost flow channel, the second transition joint There is a flow limiter; the conductive ultrasonic transducer is connected to the outer flow channel at the flow limiter; the suction source connected to the outermost flow channel is used to offset the back pressure caused by the flow limiter; the burner input connector is located in the inner flow a first end of the channel; and an outlet for the treated combustion gas in communication with the outermost flow channel.

實施例可以包括上述特徵的組合。本發明的主題的這些和其他方面的進一步細節將從以下包括的詳細描述和附圖中顯而易見。 Embodiments may include combinations of the features described above. Further details of these and other aspects of the subject matter of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description and drawings included below.

10:裝置 10:Device

100:抽吸源 100:Suction source

102:傳導超聲換能器 102: Conducted ultrasound transducer

104:燃燒器輸入連接件 104:Burner input connection piece

106:入口 106: Entrance

108:出口 108:Export

12:燃燒器 12:Burner

120:氣體輸入口 120:Gas input port

122:點火器 122: Igniter

124:空氣輸入口 124:Air input port

126:鼓風機 126:Blower

128:高速渦流 128:High speed eddy current

14:陶瓷套筒 14: Ceramic sleeve

140:氧化區 140: Oxidation zone

142:還原區 142:Restore area

144:催化區 144: Catalytic zone

146:驟冷區 146:Quick cooling zone

16:內表面 16:Inner surface

18:外表面 18:Outer surface

20:內流道 20:Inner flow channel

22:外部組件 22:External components

24:U形轉彎 24: U-turn

26:內表面 26:Inner surface

28:外表面 28:Outer surface

30:外流道 30: Outer flow channel

40:外殼 40: Shell

42:第一端 42:First end

44:第二端 44:Second end

46:周邊側壁 46: Peripheral side wall

48:外殼空腔 48: Shell cavity

50:第一端 50: first end

52:第二端 52:Second end

54:發散區 54: Divergence area

56:最外流道 56: Outermost flow channel

58:高壓電源 58:High voltage power supply

60:第一端 60: first end

62:第二端 62:Second end

64:週壁 64: Surrounding wall

70:細長金屬構件 70: Slender metal components

72:第一端 72:First end

74:第二端 74:Second end

80:U形轉彎區 80: U-turn area

90:驟冷區 90:Quick cooling zone

92:限流器 92: Current limiter

從參考附圖的以下描述中，這些和其他特徵將變得更加明顯，附圖僅用於說明的目的，並不旨在以任何方式進行限制，其中 These and other features will become more apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting in any way, wherein

圖1是圖解說明一實施例的附有燃燒器及用於減少二氧化碳排放的裝置的透視圖； 1 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of an apparatus with a burner and for reducing carbon dioxide emissions;

圖2是參照圖1的實施例中帶有燃燒器的裝置的正剖視圖； Figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the device with a burner in the embodiment with reference to Figure 1;

圖3是參照圖1的實施例中帶有燃燒器的裝置的分解透視圖； Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the device with a burner in the embodiment with reference to Figure 1;

圖4是參照圖3的實施例中與其他部件隔離的裝置的外部管狀組件，並詳細顯示U形轉彎和限流孔細節的透視圖； FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the outer tubular assembly of the device isolated from other components in the embodiment of FIG. 3 and showing U-turn and restriction orifice details;

圖5是參照圖1的外部組件的底部平面圖，顯示了一實施例的內限流孔開口和外限流孔開口之間的關係； FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the external assembly of FIG. 1 , showing the relationship between the inner and outer restrictor openings of an embodiment;

圖6是參照圖5的裝置的第一簡化側視圖，以截面形式表示。 Figure 6 is a first simplified side view of the device with reference to Figure 5, shown in cross-section.

圖7是參照圖1的裝置的第二簡化側剖視圖，圖解說明一實施例的裝置的操作； 7 is a second simplified side cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 1 illustrating operation of the device of an embodiment;

圖8是圖解說明一實施例的具有半球形U形轉彎的外部組件的詳細透視圖； 8 is a detailed perspective view illustrating an exterior component having a hemispherical U-turn of an embodiment;

圖9是圖解說明一實施例的具有包括噴嘴的U形轉彎的外部組件的詳細透視圖；及 9 is a detailed perspective view illustrating an embodiment of an exterior component having a U-turn including a nozzle; and

圖10是圖解說明一實施例的用於減少二氧化碳排放及附有燃燒器的裝置的「X射線」透視圖。 10 is an "X-ray" perspective view illustrating an embodiment of a device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and equipped with a burner.

關於附圖各種實施例將描述如下： Various embodiments will be described below with respect to the accompanying drawings:

用於減少二氧化碳排放的裝置10將參考圖1到圖10加以描述。裝置10的構建是為了促進一種減少二氧化碳排放的方法；現將首先描述該方法。如圖1、圖2和圖10中的「X射線」(透視)圖所示，裝置10被示為連接到燃燒器12。燃燒器12將旋轉的渦流火焰引導到裝置10中。在描述下面的方法中，燃燒器12的明火可以被認為是燃燒源。如圖6所示，該方法中的一個步驟可以包括用多孔管狀氮化矽結合碳化矽、鈮碳化矽(NbSiC)、陶瓷套筒14包圍燃燒源。陶瓷套筒14可以具有面向燃燒源的內表面16和外表面18。陶瓷套筒14的內表面16可界定出內流道20。陶瓷套筒14也可稱為分子篩或多孔管狀分子篩。 The device 10 for reducing carbon dioxide emissions will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 . The device 10 is constructed to facilitate a method of reducing carbon dioxide emissions; this method will now be described first. As shown in the "X-ray" (perspective) views in Figures 1, 2 and 10, the device 10 is shown connected to a burner 12. The burner 12 directs a rotating vortex flame into the device 10 . In describing the method below, the open flame of the burner 12 may be considered as the combustion source. As shown in Figure 6, one step in the method may include surrounding the combustion source with a porous tubular silicon nitride combined with silicon carbide, niobium silicon carbide (NbSiC), ceramic sleeve 14. Ceramic sleeve 14 may have an inner surface 16 and an outer surface 18 facing the combustion source. The inner surface 16 of the ceramic sleeve 14 may define an internal flow channel 20 . The ceramic sleeve 14 may also be called a molecular sieve or a porous tubular molecular sieve.

本發明方法之一個步驟可以涉及用主體(參見外部組件22)圍繞陶瓷套筒14。主體可被圖示為管狀主體，具有周邊U形轉彎24，其包括界定出管狀主體中心孔的內表面26和外表面28。具有圍繞內部陶瓷套筒14的一體式U形轉彎24的主體可形成外部組件22。外部組件22的內表面26面對內部陶瓷套筒14的外表面18並可界定出外流道30。 One step of the method of the present invention may involve surrounding the ceramic sleeve 14 with a body (see outer assembly 22). The body may be illustrated as a tubular body having a peripheral U-turn 24 that includes an inner surface 26 and an outer surface 28 that define a central bore of the tubular body. A body with an integral U-turn 24 surrounding the inner ceramic sleeve 14 may form the outer assembly 22 . The inner surface 26 of the outer assembly 22 faces the outer surface 18 of the inner ceramic sleeve 14 and may define an outer flow channel 30 .

本發明方法之一個步驟可以涉及提高碳氫化合物燃料和最少量空氣的混合物的溫度，以產生二氧化碳(CO₂)和一氧化碳(CO)以及最少的游離氧(O₂)分子。 One step of the method of the invention may involve increasing the temperature of a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and a minimum amount of air to produce carbon dioxide ( _CO2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) and a minimum of free oxygen ( _O2 ) molecules.

本發明方法之一個步驟可以涉及使燃燒氣體的混合物圍繞在內流道20內的細長構件70旋轉。包含二氧化碳的燃燒氣體的旋轉混合物是其中最高密度的氣體，可以旋轉得較快並且可以被向外推到陶瓷套筒14的內表面16，而氮氣(N₂)和一氧化碳形成集中圍繞在細長構件70的低密度氣體旋轉環。作為最低密度氣體的氫氣和未燃燒的碳氫化合物以最小速度旋轉，保持集中在最接近細長構件70處。 One step of the method of the present invention may involve rotating the mixture of combustion gases around the elongated member 70 within the inner flow channel 20 . The rotating mixture of combustion gases containing carbon dioxide, the highest density of the gases, can rotate faster and can be pushed outward to the inner surface 16 of the ceramic sleeve 14, while nitrogen ( _N2 ) and carbon monoxide form a concentration around the elongated member. 70 low density gas rotating ring. Hydrogen and unburned hydrocarbons, which are the lowest density gases, rotate at a minimum speed and remain concentrated closest to the elongated member 70 .

各元件的結構和關係 The structure and relationship of each component

如圖2所示，裝置10可具有外殼40，外殼40具有第一端42(下端)、第二端44(上端)和可界定出外殼空腔48的周邊側壁46。 As shown in FIG. 2 , device 10 may have a housing 40 having a first end 42 (lower end), a second end 44 (upper end), and a peripheral sidewall 46 that may define a housing cavity 48 .

如圖2所示，外部組件22可以由不銹鋼或多孔半導體氮化物結合的碳化矽陶瓷套筒製成，定位在外殼40的外殼空腔48內。如圖3所示，外部組件22可具有第一端50(下端)和第二端52(上端)。參考圖6，如上文關於方法所述，外部組件22可具有周邊U形轉彎24，其具有內表面26和外表面28。陶瓷套筒14的內表面16和外部組件22的內表面26可以界定出發散區54。外表面28與外殼40的周邊側壁(參考外殼空腔48)可以界定出最外流道56。 As shown in FIG. 2 , the outer component 22 may be made from a stainless steel or porous semiconductor nitride bonded silicon carbide ceramic sleeve positioned within the housing cavity 48 of the housing 40 . As shown in Figure 3, outer component 22 may have a first end 50 (lower end) and a second end 52 (upper end). Referring to FIG. 6 , as described above with respect to the method, the outer component 22 may have a peripheral U-turn 24 having an inner surface 26 and an outer surface 28 . The inner surface 16 of the ceramic sleeve 14 and the inner surface 26 of the outer component 22 may define a divergence zone 54 . The outer surface 28 and the peripheral sidewalls of the housing 40 (referenced to the housing cavity 48 ) may define an outermost flow channel 56 .

本發明可以提供高壓電源58用於將外部組件22連接到電源(未示出)，以便選擇性在外部組件22和細長金屬構件70之間提供高電壓以作為靜電吸引器。下文將結合操作進一步描述外部組件22作為多孔半導體的功能。 The present invention may provide a high voltage power supply 58 for connecting the external component 22 to a power source (not shown) to selectively provide a high voltage between the external component 22 and the elongated metal member 70 to act as an electrostatic attractor. The function of external component 22 as a porous semiconductor will be further described below in connection with its operation.

參考圖6，如上文關於方法所述，多孔半導體氮化物結合碳化矽陶瓷套筒14可以同心定位在外部組件22的發散區54內。如圖3所示，半導體陶瓷套筒14具有第一端60(下端)、第二端62(上端)和週壁64。如圖6所示，週壁64可具有內表面16和外表面18。內表面16可界定出內流道20。外表面18與外部組件22的周邊U形轉彎24的內表面26可形成外流道30。 Referring to FIG. 6 , the porous semiconductor nitride bonded silicon carbide ceramic sleeve 14 may be concentrically positioned within the divergent region 54 of the outer assembly 22 as described above with respect to the method. As shown in FIG. 3 , the semiconductor ceramic sleeve 14 has a first end 60 (lower end), a second end 62 (upper end) and a peripheral wall 64 . As shown in FIG. 6 , peripheral wall 64 may have an inner surface 16 and an outer surface 18 . The inner surface 16 may define an internal flow channel 20 . The outer surface 18 and the inner surface 26 of the peripheral U-turn 24 of the outer component 22 may form an outer flow channel 30 .

如圖2所示，細長金屬構件70可以同心定位在陶瓷套筒14的內流道20內。如圖3所示，細長金屬構件70可具有第一端72(下端)和第二端74(上端)。如圖2所示，第一端72與燃燒器12連接。 As shown in Figure 2, the elongated metal member 70 may be positioned concentrically on the ceramic sleeve 14. Within the inner flow channel 20. As shown in Figure 3, the elongated metal member 70 may have a first end 72 (lower end) and a second end 74 (upper end). As shown in FIG. 2 , the first end 72 is connected to the burner 12 .

如圖3所示，該分解圖顯示了外殼40、外部組件22、管狀陶瓷套筒14和細長金屬構件70的關係。 As shown in FIG. 3 , this exploded view shows the relationship of housing 40 , outer assembly 22 , tubular ceramic sleeve 14 and elongated metal member 70 .

如圖7所示，可在陶瓷套筒14的第二端62(上端)和外部組件22的第二端52處提供發散的U形轉彎區80(界定出第一過渡區或第一過渡連接件)，其中內流道20連接至外流道30。管狀細長金屬構件70的第二端74終止於發散的U形轉彎區80附近。 As shown in FIG. 7 , a diverging U-turn zone 80 (defining a first transition zone or first transition connection) may be provided at the second end 62 (upper end) of the ceramic sleeve 14 and the second end 52 of the outer assembly 22 Part), wherein the inner flow channel 20 is connected to the outer flow channel 30. The second end 74 of the tubular elongated metal member 70 terminates adjacent a diverging U-turn region 80 .

驟冷區90(界定出第二過渡區或第二過渡連接件)可定位在外部組件22的第一端50(下端)和外殼40的第一端42(下端)處，其中外流道30連接到最外流道56。如圖5所示，限流器92可定位形成驟冷噴嘴。限流器92可以是有四到六個開口的形式(與環形開口相反)，其中外部組件22的第一端50可以相對定位於外殼40。 A quench zone 90 (defining a second transition zone or second transition connection) may be positioned at the first end 50 (lower end) of the outer assembly 22 and the first end 42 (lower end) of the housing 40 where the outer flow channel 30 connects To the outermost flow channel 56. As shown in Figure 5, flow restrictor 92 may be positioned to form a quench nozzle. The flow restrictor 92 may be in the form of four to six openings (as opposed to an annular opening) in which the first end 50 of the outer assembly 22 may be positioned relative to the housing 40 .

燃燒氣體必須流過限流器92以便到達最外流道56。如圖4所示，限流器92在外部組件22的第一端50(下端)形成。如圖6所示，抽吸源100可以連接到最外流道56的輸出端，以抵消由限流器引起的背壓。 Combustion gases must flow through flow restrictor 92 in order to reach outermost flow passage 56 . As shown in FIG. 4 , a flow restrictor 92 is formed at the first end 50 (lower end) of the outer assembly 22 . As shown in Figure 6, a suction source 100 can be connected to the output of the outermost flow channel 56 to offset the back pressure caused by the flow restrictor.

如圖7所示，傳導超聲換能器102可以在限流器92附近的第一端42附近與外殼流體或流動連通。傳導超聲換能器102(或發射器)的功能將在下文中進一步描述其相關操作。 As shown in FIG. 7 , the conductive ultrasonic transducer 102 may be in fluid or flow communication with the housing near the first end 42 near the flow restrictor 92 . The functionality of the conducting ultrasound transducer 102 (or transmitter) is further described below with respect to its operation.

如圖2所示，燃燒器輸入連接件104可位於陶瓷套筒14的第一端60(下端)，與內流道20流體或流動連通。 As shown in FIG. 2 , the burner input connection 104 may be located at the first end 60 (lower end) of the ceramic sleeve 14 in fluid or flow communication with the inner flow passage 20 .

如圖2所示，入口106可定位在外殼40的第二端44。當裝置10與如圖4所示的扁平U形轉彎24或如圖8所示的半球形U形轉彎的外部組件22一起使用時，該入口可用塞子來封閉。圖9顯示了示例性外部組件22，其中U形轉彎24顯示為噴嘴。當外部組件22包括帶噴嘴的U形轉彎24時，噴嘴可連接到入口106。 As shown in FIG. 2 , the inlet 106 may be located at the second end 44 of the housing 40 . This access may be closed with a plug when the device 10 is used with the outer assembly 22 as shown in Figure 4 as a flat U-turn 24 or as shown in Figure 8 as a hemispherical U-turn. Figure 9 shows an exemplary exterior assembly 22 with a U-turn 24 shown as a nozzle. When the outer assembly 22 includes a U-turn 24 with a nozzle, the nozzle may be connected to the inlet 106 .

參照圖9和圖1，在外部組件22和噴嘴形U形轉彎24的示例中，出口108提供用於移除與最外流道56流體或流動連通的處理過的燃燒氣體。入口106可與流道(發散區54)流體或流動連通。此處，噴嘴可允許排放含氫的燃燒氣體，而較稠密的含碳氣體跟隨U形轉彎24經由外流道30進入催化區。 Referring to Figures 9 and 1, in the example of outer assembly 22 and nozzle-shaped U-turn 24, The outlet 108 provides for removal of treated combustion gases in fluid or flow communication with the outermost flow passage 56 . The inlet 106 may be in fluid or flow communication with the flow channel (divergent region 54). Here, the nozzle may allow hydrogen-containing combustion gases to be discharged, while denser carbon-containing gases follow the U-turn 24 through the outer flow channel 30 into the catalytic zone.

如果使用催化劑，裝置10可能更有效用。縱使所描述的方法不同，多種金屬氧化物可能適合用作催化劑，選定的催化劑可以施加到陶瓷套筒14的週壁64的外表面18。 Device 10 may be more efficient if a catalyst is used. Although different methods are described, a variety of metal oxides may be suitable for use as catalysts, and the selected catalyst may be applied to the outer surface 18 of the peripheral wall 64 of the ceramic sleeve 14 .

操作 operate

現有技術文獻表明，二氧化碳會在低於攝氏900度的溫度下，將鐵氧化成氧化鐵而形成一氧化碳。如圖2所示，燃燒器12可用以於加熱內流道20並將其溫度保持在攝氏820和850度之間。如圖6所示，在900和1000度之間的目標溫度下，細長金屬構件70導熱並且有助於將可能遠離燃燒器12的內流道20的那部分保持在820和850度之間的目標溫度。 Existing technical literature shows that carbon dioxide oxidizes iron to iron oxide to form carbon monoxide at temperatures below 900 degrees Celsius. As shown in Figure 2, the burner 12 can be used to heat the inner flow channel 20 and maintain its temperature between 820 and 850 degrees Celsius. As shown in Figure 6, at a target temperature of between 900 and 1000 degrees, the elongated metal member 70 conducts heat and helps maintain that portion of the inner flow passage 20 of the combustor 12 that may be remote from the temperature between 820 and 850 degrees. target temperature.

燃燒器12可以不是裝置10的一部分，但可以連接到裝置10作為熱源。如圖1所示，燃燒器12可具有用以輸入燃料氣體的氣體輸入口120、用以點燃燃料氣體的點火器122、及提供燃燒空氣源的空氣輸入口124。如圖6所示，空氣輸入口124可以連接到鼓風機126，其產生螺旋高速渦流128圍繞細長金屬構件70並沿著內流道20(或路徑)流動(如高速渦流128的箭頭所示)。該高速渦流128增加了沿著內流道20流動的燃燒氣體的停留時間。高速渦流128還傾向於將較重的含碳廢氣向外推，使相對較輕的含氮和氫的氣體更靠近細長金屬構件70。 The burner 12 may not be part of the device 10, but may be connected to the device 10 as a heat source. As shown in FIG. 1 , the burner 12 may have a gas input port 120 for inputting fuel gas, an igniter 122 for igniting the fuel gas, and an air input port 124 for providing a combustion air source. As shown in FIG. 6 , the air inlet 124 may be connected to a blower 126 that creates a spiral high-speed vortex 128 flowing around the elongated metal member 70 and along the inner flow channel 20 (or path) (as indicated by the arrows of the high-speed vortex 128 ). This high-speed vortex 128 increases the residence time of the combustion gases flowing along the inner flow passage 20 . The high-velocity vortices 128 also tend to push the heavier carbon-containing exhaust gases outward, bringing the relatively lighter nitrogen- and hydrogen-containing gases closer to the elongated metal member 70 .

如圖7所示，該方法可以透過考慮發生變化的「區域」來理解。靠近陶瓷套筒14的第一端60的內流道20的部分可以是氧化區140，氧氣會在氧化區140中與燃料氣體混合以產生燃燒。靠近陶瓷套筒14的第二端62的內流道20的部分可以是還原區142，在該還原區142可以透過燃燒還原氧氣。在陶瓷套筒14的第二端62(上端)和外部組件22的第二端52(上端)處的U形轉彎區80，內流道20連接到外流道30。這可以是氣體折疊而沒有湍流混合發生的U形轉彎區80。 As shown in Figure 7, this method can be understood by considering the "region" where change occurs. The portion of the inner flow channel 20 proximate the first end 60 of the ceramic sleeve 14 may be an oxidation zone 140 where oxygen is mixed with the fuel gas to produce combustion. The portion of the inner flow channel 20 adjacent the second end 62 of the ceramic sleeve 14 may be a reduction zone 142 in which oxygen may be reduced through combustion. The inner flow channel 20 connects to the outer flow channel 30 at the U-turn region 80 at the second end 62 (upper end) of the ceramic sleeve 14 and the second end 52 (upper end) of the outer assembly 22 . This can be gas folding without turbulent mixing Raw U-turn area 80.

外流道30可以是催化區144。當氣體穿過該區時，即會與陶瓷套筒14的週壁64的外表面18上的催化劑發生反應，並將二氧化碳離解成一氧化碳和氧氣。然而，如果氧氣沒有被去除，它可能會在冷卻時與一氧化碳重新結合形成二氧化碳。 Outer flow channel 30 may be catalytic zone 144 . As the gas passes through this zone, it reacts with the catalyst on the outer surface 18 of the peripheral wall 64 of the ceramic sleeve 14 and dissociates the carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen. However, if the oxygen is not removed, it may recombine with carbon monoxide on cooling to form carbon dioxide.

為了輔助去除氧氣，電氣控制組件(電源，或高壓電源58)提供夠高的電壓給外部組件22。如果外部組件22是多孔陶瓷半導體時，它是高電壓的電子通路。其目的是形成排斥游離氧的高壓場，使得氧氣通過鈮碳化矽製成的多孔陶瓷套筒14被吸入氧化區140，過量的氧氣在氧化區140可以透過燃燒被消耗掉。 To assist in the removal of oxygen, the electrical control component (power supply, or high voltage power supply 58) provides a sufficiently high voltage to the external component 22. If the external component 22 is a porous ceramic semiconductor, it is a high voltage electronic path. Its purpose is to form a high-pressure field that repels free oxygen, so that oxygen is sucked into the oxidation zone 140 through the porous ceramic sleeve 14 made of niobium silicon carbide, and excess oxygen can be consumed in the oxidation zone 140 through combustion.

如圖7所示，燃燒氣體到達位於外部組件22的第一端50(下端)和外殼40的第一端42(下端)的驟冷區90，在此處外流道30連接到最外流道56。最外流道56可能是一個驟冷區146，其中產生的氣體會被冷卻。 As shown in Figure 7, the combustion gases reach a quench zone 90 located at the first end 50 (lower end) of the outer assembly 22 and the first end 42 (lower end) of the housing 40, where the outer flow channel 30 is connected to the outermost flow channel 56 . The outermost flow channel 56 may be a quench zone 146 in which the gas produced is cooled.

如圖4所示，限流器92可形成驟冷噴嘴。限流器92可以安排為位於外部組件22的第一端50處的四到六個開口(與環形開口相反)的形式。如圖6所示，燃燒氣體必須流過限流器92以便到達最外流道56。抽吸源100可以連接到最外流道56的出口，以抵消由限流器92引起的背壓。 As shown in Figure 4, flow restrictor 92 may form a quench nozzle. The flow restrictor 92 may be arranged in the form of four to six openings (as opposed to an annular opening) at the first end 50 of the outer assembly 22 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the combustion gases must flow through flow restrictor 92 in order to reach outermost flow passage 56 . A suction source 100 may be connected to the outlet of the outermost flow channel 56 to offset the back pressure caused by the flow restrictor 92 .

如圖7所示，傳導超聲換能器102可以在限流器92附近與外殼40連通。當推動氣體通過限流器92時，在1.85的壓差下，氣體的速度達到音速。由此產生的限流孔的質量流量可以由上游壓力和限流孔面積固定。進一步降低下游壓力可能不會增加質量流量，但會影響排放速度；亞音速到超音速氣體速度可以允許快速降低氣體溫度。 As shown in FIG. 7 , the conductive ultrasonic transducer 102 may be in communication with the housing 40 near the flow restrictor 92 . When the gas is pushed through the flow restrictor 92, at a pressure difference of 1.85, the speed of the gas reaches the speed of sound. The resulting mass flow rate of the restriction orifice can be fixed by the upstream pressure and the restriction orifice area. Further reductions in downstream pressure may not increase mass flow but will affect discharge velocity; subsonic to supersonic gas velocities can allow rapid reductions in gas temperature.

如上所述，細長金屬構件70可以是實心桿且仍能作用。如圖7所示，當細長金屬構件70是管狀時，它可以允許任何選擇的氣體，例如CO₂氣體，通過管狀細長金屬構件70，並進入離開還原區142，以在催化區144中進行後續處理。這使得裝置10能夠連接到其他燃燒裝置(二次源)以透過允許來自二次源的燃燒氣體穿過細長金屬構件70來減少從其他燃燒裝置的二氧化碳排放。 As mentioned above, the elongated metal member 70 can be a solid rod and still function. As shown in FIG. 7 , when the elongated metal member 70 is tubular, it may allow any selected gas, such as CO ₂ gas, to pass through the tubular elongated metal member 70 and enter and exit the reduction zone 142 for subsequent processing in the catalytic zone 144 handle. This enables the device 10 to be connected to other combustion devices (secondary sources) to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from other combustion devices by allowing combustion gases from the secondary sources to pass through the elongated metal member 70 .

在裝置10的下游，一氧化碳氣體(連同任何剩餘的二氧化碳氣體)可以與氮氣分離。氮氣可以釋放到大氣中。Fisher Tropsch化學工藝可應用於將氣態式一氧化碳和氫氣轉化為液態式碳氫化合物。 Downstream of the device 10, the carbon monoxide gas (along with any remaining carbon dioxide gas) can be separated from the nitrogen gas. Nitrogen can be released into the atmosphere. The Fisher Tropsch chemical process can be used to convert gaseous carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons.

在本說明書中，「包含」一詞以其非限制性意義使用，表示包括該詞後面的項目，但不排除未具體提及的項目。不定冠詞「一」對元件的引用不排除存在多於一個元件的可能性，除非上下文明確要求存在一個且僅一個元件。 In this specification, the word "includes" is used in its non-limiting sense, meaning that items following the word are included but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. Reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" does not exclude the possibility that more than one element is present, unless the context clearly requires the presence of one and only one element.

說明書中描述的實施例提供了本技術各種可能及非限制性的實施例。在閱讀說明書內容後，本領域普通技術人員將了解到可對這裡描述的實施例進行改變而不脫離本技術的範圍。必須強調的是上述之詳細說明係針對本發明可行實施例之具體說明，惟該等實施例並非用以限制本發明之專利範圍，凡未脫離本發明技藝精神所為之等效實施或變更，均應包含於本案之專利範圍中。 The embodiments described in the specification provide various possible and non-limiting embodiments of the technology. Upon reading the specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that changes may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the technology. It must be emphasized that the above detailed description is a specific description of possible embodiments of the present invention. However, these embodiments are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification that does not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention shall be regarded as should be included in the patent scope of this case.

10:裝置 10:Device

12:燃燒器 12:Burner

40:外殼 40: Shell

106:入口 106: Entrance

108:出口 108:Export

120:氣體輸入口 120:Gas input port

122:點火器 122: Igniter

124:空氣輸入口 124:Air input port

Claims

一種減少二氧化碳排放的方法，包括： An approach to reducing CO2 emissions that includes:

將一分子篩圍繞一燃燒源，其中該分子篩具有一內表面和一外表面，該內表面面向該燃燒源且界定出一內流道； surrounding a combustion source with a molecular sieve, wherein the molecular sieve has an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface facing the combustion source and defining an internal flow channel;

將一主體圍繞該分子篩，其中該主體具有一周邊側壁，該周邊側壁的內表面面對該分子篩的外表面且界定出一外流道； Surrounding the molecular sieve with a body, wherein the body has a peripheral side wall, the inner surface of the peripheral side wall faces the outer surface of the molecular sieve and defines an outer flow channel;

提高一含二氧化碳(CO₂)的燃燒氣體的混合物的溫度，使該氣體混合物沿著該外流道流動，並且與具一金屬氧化物骨架包覆的分子篩的外表面接觸； Raising the temperature of a mixture of combustion gases containing carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), causing the gas mixture to flow along the outer flow channel and contact the outer surface of the molecular sieve coated with a metal oxide skeleton;

在金屬氧化物的孔隙內，使鐵形成氧化鐵而將二氧化碳催化還原成CO以形成游離碳； In the pores of metal oxides, iron is formed into iron oxide and carbon dioxide is catalytically reduced to CO to form free carbon;

在該金屬氧化物骨架內，增加由一氧化碳還原的氧化鐵所釋放的游離氧；以及 adding free oxygen released by carbon monoxide-reduced iron oxide within the metal oxide skeleton; and

使游離碳與游離氧氧化而生成一氧化碳(CO)。 Free carbon and free oxygen are oxidized to generate carbon monoxide (CO).

如請求項1所述之方法，其中一細長金屬構件是定位在內流道中並且透過該細長金屬構件引起螺旋流。 The method of claim 1, wherein an elongated metal member is positioned in the inner flow channel and spiral flow is induced through the elongated metal member.

如請求項2所述之方法，其中所述細長金屬構件是管狀的並且可讓來自二次源的燃燒氣體沿著細長金屬構件該通過以進行處理。 The method of claim 2, wherein the elongated metal member is tubular and allows combustion gases from the secondary source to pass along the elongated metal member for processing.

如請求項1所述之方法，其中一傳導超聲係用於監測根據CO₂和CO的相對密度差異將CO₂轉化為CO。 The method of claim 1, wherein a conducted ultrasound system is used to monitor the conversion of CO ₂ into CO based on the relative density difference between CO ₂ and CO.

一種一種減少二氧化碳排放的裝置，包括： A device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, including:

一管狀主體，其具有第一端、第二端和周邊側壁，該周邊側壁具有界定出一中心孔和一外表面的一內表面； a tubular body having a first end, a second end and a peripheral sidewall having an inner surface defining a central bore and an outer surface;

一電氣控制組件，用於將該管狀主體連接到電源，以便選擇性地提供電流以導致該管狀主體可作用為半導體； an electrical control assembly for connecting the tubular body to a power source to selectively provide electrical current to cause the tubular body to function as a semiconductor;

一多孔管狀分子篩，同心定位在該管狀主體的中心孔內，該多孔管狀分子篩具有第一端、第二端和一具有內表面和外表面的周向壁，該內表面界定出一內流道，並且該外表面與該管體週側壁的內表面形成一外流道； a porous tubular molecular sieve concentrically positioned within the central hole of the tubular body, the porous tubular molecular sieve having a first end, a second end and a circumferential wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining an internal flow channel, And the outer surface and the inner surface of the peripheral side wall of the pipe body form an outer flow channel;

一第一過渡接頭，設置於該內流道與該外流道連接處； A first transition joint is provided at the connection between the inner flow channel and the outer flow channel;

一燃燒器輸入連接件，設置於該內流通的第一端；以及 a burner input connection disposed at the first end of the inner flow; and

一處理過的燃燒氣體的出口。 An outlet for treated combustion gases.

如請求項5所述之裝置，進一步包括一外殼，該外殼具有第一端、第二端和界定出一外殼空腔的周邊側壁； The device of claim 5, further comprising a housing having a first end, a second end and a peripheral sidewall defining a housing cavity;

一管狀主體的外表面與外殼的周邊側壁形成最外流道；以及 The outer surface of a tubular body and the peripheral sidewall of the housing form an outermost flow channel; and

提供一第二個過渡連接件，其中該外流道連接到該最外流道。 A second transition piece is provided in which the outer flow channel is connected to the outermost flow channel.

如請求項5所述之裝置，其中該細長金屬構件同心地位於該多孔管狀分子篩的內流道內，該細長金屬構件具有第一端和第二端。 The device of claim 5, wherein the elongated metal member is concentrically located within the inner flow channel of the porous tubular molecular sieve, and the elongated metal member has a first end and a second end.

如請求項7所述之裝置，其中所述細長金屬構件是管狀的。 The device of claim 7, wherein said elongated metal member is tubular.

如請求項6所述之裝置，其中一限流器位於該第二過渡連接件。 The device of claim 6, wherein a flow restrictor is located on the second transitional connection.

如請求項9所述之裝置，其中一傳導超聲換能器設置於限流器處並與外流道連通。 The device according to claim 9, wherein a conductive ultrasonic transducer is disposed at the flow restrictor and communicates with the outer flow channel.

如請求項9所述之裝置，其中一抽吸源連接到該最外流道以用於抵消由限流器引起的背壓。 The device of claim 9, wherein a suction source is connected to the outermost flow channel for counteracting the back pressure caused by the flow restrictor.

如請求項5所述之裝置，其中所述管狀主體是無孔導電陶瓷。 The device of claim 5, wherein the tubular body is non-porous conductive ceramic.

如請求項5所述之裝置，其中所述多孔管狀分子篩是無孔導電陶瓷。 The device of claim 5, wherein the porous tubular molecular sieve is non-porous conductive ceramic.

一具有由第一端、第二端和周邊側壁界定外殼空腔的外殼； A housing having a housing cavity defined by a first end, a second end and a peripheral side wall;

一無孔導電陶瓷管狀主體，位於該外殼內的外殼空腔，該管狀主體具有第一端、第二端和具有內表面和外表面的周邊側壁，該內表面界定出一中心孔，該外表面界定出一最外流道與該外殼的周邊側壁； A non-porous electrically conductive ceramic tubular body located in a housing cavity within the housing, the tubular body having a first end, a second end and a peripheral sidewall having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a central hole, the outer surface The surface defines an outermost flow channel and the peripheral sidewall of the housing;

一電氣控制組件，用於將一管狀主體連接到電源，以便選擇性地提供電流以導致該管狀主體可作用為半導體； an electrical control assembly for connecting a tubular body to a power source to selectively provide electrical current to cause the tubular body to function as a semiconductor;

一多孔非導電陶瓷的多孔管狀分子篩同心定位在管狀主體的中心孔內，該多孔管狀分子篩具有第一端、第二端和具有內表面和外表面的週壁，該內表面界定出一內流道，該外表面與該管狀主體的周邊側壁的內表面形一外流道； A porous tubular molecular sieve of porous non-conductive ceramic is concentrically positioned in the central hole of the tubular body. The porous tubular molecular sieve has a first end, a second end and a peripheral wall with an inner surface and an outer surface. The surface defines an inner flow channel, and the outer surface and the inner surface of the peripheral side wall of the tubular body form an outer flow channel;

一細長管狀金屬構件，同心定位在該多孔管狀分子篩的內部流道，該細長管狀金屬構件具有第一端和第二端； an elongated tubular metal member concentrically positioned in the internal flow channel of the porous tubular molecular sieve, the elongated tubular metal member having a first end and a second end;

一第一過渡連接件，位於該內流道連接到該外流道，細長管狀金屬構件的第二端終止於該第一過渡連接件； a first transitional connector located where the inner flow channel is connected to the outer flow channel, and the second end of the elongated tubular metal member terminates at the first transitional connector;

第二過渡連接件，位於該外流道連接到最外流道，及一限流器位於該第二過渡連接件； a second transitional connector located on the outer flow channel connected to the outermost flow channel, and a flow restrictor located on the second transitional connector;

一傳導超聲換能器，在限流器處與外流道連通； A conducting ultrasonic transducer, connected with the outer flow channel at the flow limiter;

一連接到最外流道的抽吸源，用於抵消由限流器引起的背壓； A suction source connected to the outermost flow channel to offset the back pressure caused by the flow restrictor;

一燃燒器輸入連接，位於該內流道的第一端；以及 a burner input connection located at the first end of the inner flow passage; and

一處理過的燃燒氣體的出口，與該最外流道連通。 An outlet of treated combustion gas is connected with the outermost flow channel.