TW202243692A - Production of high energy gamma radiation using an electronic neutron generator for food and medical device sterilization - Google Patents

Production of high energy gamma radiation using an electronic neutron generator for food and medical device sterilization Download PDF

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TW202243692A
TW202243692A TW111111150A TW111111150A TW202243692A TW 202243692 A TW202243692 A TW 202243692A TW 111111150 A TW111111150 A TW 111111150A TW 111111150 A TW111111150 A TW 111111150A TW 202243692 A TW202243692 A TW 202243692A
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neutron
gamma radiation
neutron capture
generator
flux field
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TWI821958B (en
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麥可 Ｄ 赫保
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美商西屋電器公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/02—Irradiation devices having no beam-forming means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
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    • H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams

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Abstract

Devices, systems, and methods for producing gamma radiation using a neutron generator are disclosed herein. In some aspects, a device for producing gamma radiation includes a neutron generator configured to generate a neutron flux field and a neutron capture reservoir including a neutron capture material. The neutron capture material can be configured to emit gamma radiation in response to exposure to the neutron flux field. In one aspect, the emitted gamma radiation can be used to sterilize a food product. In another aspect, the emitted gamma radiation can be used to sterilize a medical device.

Description

使用電子中子產生器產生高能伽瑪輻射以用於食品及醫療裝置滅菌Generating high-energy gamma radiation for food and medical device sterilization using an electronic neutron generator

本揭示內容大體上係關於用於產生伽瑪輻射之裝置、系統及方法。在一些態樣中，本文中所描述之裝置、系統及方法可使用電子中子產生器產生高能伽瑪輻射。在一些態樣中，本文中所描述之裝置、系統及方法可用於食品產品之滅菌、醫療設備之滅菌，及/或伽瑪輻射可用以輻照或以其他方式處理材料及產品的其他應用。The present disclosure generally relates to devices, systems and methods for generating gamma radiation. In some aspects, the devices, systems and methods described herein can use an electronic neutron generator to generate high energy gamma radiation. In some aspects, the devices, systems, and methods described herein can be used in the sterilization of food products, the sterilization of medical devices, and/or other applications where gamma radiation can be used to irradiate or otherwise treat materials and products.

提供以下發明內容來幫助瞭解本文所揭示之態樣之一些獨特創新特徵，且不意圖作為完整描述。可藉由將整個說明書、申請專利範圍及摘要作為整體來獲得對文中揭示之各種態樣之全面瞭解。The following summary is provided to aid in understanding some of the unique innovative features of the aspects disclosed herein and is not intended to be a complete description. A full appreciation of the various aspects disclosed herein can be gained by taking the entire specification, claims, and abstract as a whole.

在各種態樣中，揭示一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之裝置。在一些態樣中，該裝置包括經組態以產生一中子通量場之一中子產生器及包括一中子捕獲材料之一中子捕獲儲集器。在一個態樣中，該中子捕獲材料可經組態以回應於曝露於該中子通量場而發射伽瑪輻射。在另一態樣中，該中子捕獲儲集器可經組態以定位於該中子產生器與一輻照目標之間以運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標。In various aspects, an apparatus for generating gamma radiation is disclosed. In some aspects, the device includes a neutron generator configured to generate a neutron flux field and a neutron capture reservoir including a neutron capture material. In one aspect, the neutron capture material can be configured to emit gamma radiation in response to exposure to the neutron flux field. In another aspect, the neutron capture reservoir can be configured to be positioned between the neutron generator and an irradiation target to irradiate the irradiation target with the emitted gamma radiation.

在各種態樣中，揭示一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之系統。在一些態樣中，該系統包括複數個裝置。該複數個裝置中之每一者可包括經組態以產生一中子通量場之一中子產生器及包括一中子捕獲材料之一中子捕獲儲集器。在一個態樣中，該中子捕獲材料可經組態以回應於曝露於該中子通量場而發射伽瑪輻射。在另一態樣中，對於每一裝置，該中子捕獲儲集器可被定位成緊接於產生該中子通量場之該中子產生器之一末端。在又一態樣中，該複數個裝置中之每一者可經定位以運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照一共同輻照目標。In various aspects, a system for generating gamma radiation is disclosed. In some aspects, the system includes a plurality of devices. Each of the plurality of devices may include a neutron generator configured to generate a neutron flux field and a neutron capture reservoir including a neutron capture material. In one aspect, the neutron capture material can be configured to emit gamma radiation in response to exposure to the neutron flux field. In another aspect, for each device, the neutron capture reservoir can be positioned proximate to an end of the neutron generator that generates the neutron flux field. In yet another aspect, each of the plurality of devices may be positioned to irradiate a common irradiation target with the emitted gamma radiation.

在各種態樣中，揭示一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之方法。在一些態樣中，該方法包括：由一中子產生器產生一中子通量場；將包括一中子捕獲材料之一中子捕獲儲集器曝露於該中子通量場；由該中子捕獲材料發射伽瑪輻射；將該中子捕獲儲集器定位於該中子產生器與一輻照目標之間；及運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標。In various aspects, a method for producing gamma radiation is disclosed. In some aspects, the method includes: generating a neutron flux field by a neutron generator; exposing a neutron capture reservoir including a neutron capture material to the neutron flux field; The neutron capture material emits gamma radiation; the neutron capture reservoir is positioned between the neutron generator and an irradiation target; and the irradiation target is irradiated with the emitted gamma radiation.

通過考慮以下為全部形成本說明書之一部分的實施方式和所附申請專利範圍且參考附圖，將變得更明白本揭示的此等及其他目的、特性和特徵以及結構相關元件的操作方法和功能及部件組合和製造經濟性，其中相同參考數字指示各圖中的對應部件。然而，應明確瞭解，圖式僅為了說明和描述的目的，且無意圖定義本文揭示之任何態樣之多個限制的定義。These and other objects, characteristics and characteristics of this disclosure, as well as the method of operation and function of structurally related elements, will become more apparent by consideration of the following embodiments and the appended claims, all of which form a part of this specification, and with reference to the accompanying drawings. and part combination and manufacturing economy, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It should be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for purposes of illustration and description only, and are not intended to define a definition of limitation of any aspect disclosed herein.

本申請案根據35 U.S.C. § 119(e)主張2021年3月26日申請標題為「使用電子中子產生器產生高能伽瑪輻射以用於食品及醫療裝置滅菌(PRODUCTION OF HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RADIATION USING AN ELECTRONIC NEUTRON GENERATOR FOR FOOD AND MEDICAL DEVICE STERILIZATION)」的美國臨時申請案第63/166,718號的權益及優先權，其揭示內容的全文特此以引用之方式併入。This application was asserted under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) filed March 26, 2021 and is titled "PRODUCTION OF HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RADIATION USING AN PRODUCTION OF HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RADIATION USING AN ELECTRONIC NEUTRON GENERATOR FOR FOOD AND MEDICAL DEVICE STERILIZATION), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

闡述大量特定細節以提供對如本揭示中所描述且隨附圖式中所說明之態樣的整體結構、功能、製造及使用的徹底理解。尚未詳細地描述熟知操作、組件及元件以免混淆本說明書中所描述之態樣。讀者將理解，本文中所描述及說明之態樣為非限制性實例，且因此可瞭解，本文中所揭示之特定結構及功能細節可為代表性及說明性的。可對其作變化及改變而不脫離申請專利範圍之範疇。Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture and use of the aspects as described in this disclosure and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Well-known operations, components and elements have not been described in detail so as not to obscure aspects described in this specification. The reader will understand that the aspects described and illustrated herein are non-limiting examples and, therefore, it can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are representative and illustrative. Changes and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the patent application.

在以下描述中，貫穿圖式之若干視圖，相同參考字元指代相同或對應部件。同樣，在以下描述中，應理解，諸如「向前」、「向後」、「左」、「右」、「上方」、「下方」、「向上」、「向下」及類似者之術語為方便用語，且不應被解釋為限制性術語。In the following description, like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. Also, in the following description, it should be understood that terms such as "forward", "backward", "left", "right", "above", "below", "upward", "downward" and the like are A term of convenience and should not be construed as a term of limitation.

伽瑪輻照用於與食品產品之處理及滅菌相關的各種各樣的應用。舉例而言，可運用伽瑪輻射輻照肉類、蔬菜、香辛料及其他食品產品以殺滅細菌及其他病原體，而不改變味道或營養水準。伽瑪輻射處理亦可幫助延遲熟化、抑制出芽並以其他方式延長某些食品之存放期。此外，伽瑪輻照可用作化學植物檢疫食品處理方法之替代方案，該等方法日益受管控且存在潛在的危險。Gamma irradiation is used in a variety of applications related to the processing and sterilization of food products. For example, gamma radiation can be used to irradiate meat, vegetables, spices, and other food products to kill bacteria and other pathogens without altering the taste or nutritional levels. Gamma radiation treatment can also help delay ripening, inhibit sprouting, and otherwise extend the shelf life of certain foods. In addition, gamma irradiation can be used as an alternative to chemical phytosanitary food treatment methods, which are increasingly regulated and potentially dangerous.

伽瑪輻照亦用於與醫療工業相關之各種各樣的應用。舉例而言，醫療儀器及植入式醫療裝置(例如，血管內支架、心臟瓣膜等)可運用伽瑪輻射進行滅菌。此外，伽瑪輻照可比其他滅菌方法更高效及/或更有效，此係因為例如伽瑪輻射可穿透緻密的材料且可用以在裝置已密封於封裝內之後對該等裝置進行滅菌。另外，伽瑪輻射可用以對諸如移植骨及肌腱的基於組織之裝置進行滅菌以提高患者安全性。Gamma irradiation is also used in a variety of applications related to the medical industry. For example, medical instruments and implantable medical devices (eg, stents, heart valves, etc.) can be sterilized using gamma radiation. Furthermore, gamma irradiation can be more efficient and/or more effective than other sterilization methods because, for example, gamma radiation can penetrate dense materials and can be used to sterilize devices after they have been sealed within a package. Additionally, gamma radiation can be used to sterilize tissue-based devices such as bone grafts and tendons to improve patient safety.

現有伽瑪輻照方法通常涉及使用採用諸如鈷-60 (在本文中有時被稱為「Co-60」)之放射性同位素的輻照器以發射高能伽瑪輻射。此等輻照器最初可展現足夠高能伽瑪輻射活性以在合理的時間量內高效地輻照目標物件(例如，食品產品、醫療裝置)。然而，由於輻照器之放射性同位素衰變，故遞送伽瑪輻射之所需劑量所需的曝露時間增加。最終，輻照器耗盡至使用起來不再有成本效益的程度。因此，需要更換及棄置已耗盡之輻照器。Existing gamma irradiation methods generally involve the use of irradiators employing radioactive isotopes such as cobalt-60 (sometimes referred to herein as "Co-60") to emit high energy gamma radiation. Such irradiators may initially exhibit sufficient high energy gamma radiation activity to efficiently irradiate target objects (eg, food products, medical devices) within a reasonable amount of time. However, as the radioisotope of the irradiator decays, the exposure time required to deliver the required dose of gamma radiation increases. Eventually, the irradiators wear out to the point where they are no longer cost-effective to use. Accordingly, spent irradiators need to be replaced and disposed of.

已耗盡之輻照器之棄置可極為昂貴的。此係因為已耗盡之輻照器通常展現殘餘伽瑪輻射活性。因此，可能需要昂貴的圍阻措施以確保已耗盡之輻照器被安全地棄置或以其他方式儲存。在一些狀況下，棄置成本最終可能超過生產及/或使用諸如鈷-60輻照器的基於放射性同位素之輻照器的商業效益。此外，生產基於放射性同位素之輻照器之設施及/或使用此等輻照器執行輻照之設施通常需要在很大程度上屏蔽且安全的基礎結構，以確保設施人員不會無意中曝露於伽瑪輻射並確保放射性同位素材料不會被不當地使用。因此，需要能夠產生用於輻照物件之伽瑪輻射而無需使用諸如鈷-60之殘餘衰變式輻照器源的裝置、系統及方法。Disposal of spent irradiators can be very expensive. This is because exhausted irradiators typically exhibit residual gamma radiation activity. Therefore, costly containment measures may be required to ensure that spent irradiators are safely disposed of or otherwise stored. In some cases, disposal costs may ultimately outweigh the commercial benefits of producing and/or using radioisotope-based irradiators, such as cobalt-60 irradiators. Additionally, facilities that produce radioisotope-based irradiators and/or that use such irradiators to perform irradiation often require a largely shielded and secure infrastructure to ensure that facility personnel are not inadvertently exposed to Gamma radiation and ensuring that radioisotopic materials are not used inappropriately. Accordingly, there is a need for devices, systems and methods capable of generating gamma radiation for irradiating objects without the use of residual decaying irradiator sources such as cobalt-60.

本揭示內容提供用於使用中子產生器產生伽瑪輻射之裝置、系統及方法。中子產生器可用以產生由中子捕獲儲集器捕獲之熱中子。熱中子可與中子捕獲儲集器之中子捕獲材料反應以使得立即產生伽瑪輻射(亦即，瞬發中子捕獲伽瑪輻射)。在一些態樣中，在中子產生器被去啟動之後，沒有殘餘中子通量及/或伽瑪輻射被釋放。因此，與使用殘餘衰變式輻照器源相關之昂貴的棄置措施可被減輕或消除。本文中所提供之裝置、系統及方法可用於食品產品之滅菌、醫療設備之滅菌，及/或伽瑪輻射可用以輻照或以其他方式處理材料及產品的其他應用。 The present disclosure provides devices, systems, and methods for generating gamma radiation using a neutron generator. A neutron generator can be used to generate thermal neutrons captured by the neutron capture reservoir. Thermal neutrons can react with the neutron capture reservoir neutron capture material to cause immediate production of gamma radiation (ie, prompt neutron capture gamma radiation). In some aspects, no residual neutron flux and/or gamma radiation is released after the neutron generator is deactivated. Thus, costly disposal measures associated with using residual decaying irradiator sources can be mitigated or eliminated. The devices, systems, and methods provided herein can be used in the sterilization of food products, the sterilization of medical devices, and/or other applications where gamma radiation can be used to irradiate or otherwise treat materials and products.

圖1及圖2說明根據本揭示內容之若干非限制性態樣的經組態以使用中子產生器102產生伽瑪輻射105之裝置100。圖1說明裝置100之透視圖，且圖2說明裝置100之軸向橫截面示意圖。1 and 2 illustrate a device 100 configured to generate gamma radiation 105 using a neutron generator 102 according to several non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of device 100 , and FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic axial cross-sectional view of device 100 .

主要參看圖2且亦參看圖1，裝置100包括經組態以產生熱中子之中子產生器102。在一些態樣中，中子102產生器可係市售的管狀電子中子產生器。由中子產生器102產生之熱中子產生中子通量場107。Referring primarily to FIG. 2 and also to FIG. 1 , apparatus 100 includes a neutron generator 102 configured to generate thermal neutrons. In some aspects, the neutron 102 generator can be a commercially available tubular electronic neutron generator. Thermal neutrons generated by neutron generator 102 generate neutron flux field 107 .

裝置100進一步包括中子捕獲儲集器104，其包括經組態以與入射中子反應以產生伽瑪輻射之中子捕獲材料。中子捕獲儲集器104可被定位成緊接於經組態以產生中子通量場107之中子產生器102之末端(亦即，中子產生器102之熔合反應源末端)。因此，由中子產生器102產生之熱中子(亦即，中子通量場107)可被引導朝向中子捕獲儲集器104。回應於來自中子產生器102之入射熱中子，中子捕獲儲集器104可發射伽瑪輻射105 (亦即，瞬發中子捕獲伽瑪輻射)。此外，裝置100可經組態以使得經發射伽瑪輻射105被引導朝向輻照目標200 (例如，食品產品200、醫療裝置200等)。因此，輻照目標200運用伽瑪輻射105被輻照。Apparatus 100 further includes a neutron capture reservoir 104 comprising a neutron capture material configured to react with incident neutrons to produce gamma radiation. The neutron capture reservoir 104 can be positioned proximate to the end of the neutron generator 102 configured to generate the neutron flux field 107 (ie, the fusion reaction source end of the neutron generator 102). Thus, thermal neutrons (ie, neutron flux field 107 ) generated by neutron generator 102 may be directed toward neutron capture reservoir 104 . In response to incident thermal neutrons from neutron generator 102, neutron capture reservoir 104 may emit gamma radiation 105 (ie, prompt neutron capture gamma radiation). Furthermore, device 100 may be configured such that emitted gamma radiation 105 is directed toward irradiation target 200 (eg, food product 200, medical device 200, etc.). Accordingly, the irradiation target 200 is irradiated with gamma radiation 105 .

在一些態樣中，自中子捕獲儲集器104發射之伽瑪輻射105為高能伽瑪輻射。如本文中所使用，「高能伽瑪輻射」可指具有不小於1.2 MeV之能量的伽瑪輻射，諸如不小於2 MeV、不小於3 MeV、不小於4 MeV、不小於5 MeV、不小於6 MeV、不小於7 MeV，或約7 MeV。In some aspects, the gamma radiation 105 emitted from the neutron capture reservoir 104 is high energy gamma radiation. As used herein, "high energy gamma radiation" may refer to gamma radiation having an energy of not less than 1.2 MeV, such as not less than 2 MeV, not less than 3 MeV, not less than 4 MeV, not less than 5 MeV, not less than 6 MeV, not less than 7 MeV, or about 7 MeV.

在一些態樣中，中子捕獲儲集器104及/或包括於中子捕獲儲集器104中之中子捕獲材料可為可複製的。在一個態樣中，中子捕獲材料可包括釓材料。釓材料可富集於釓-157 (在本文中有時被稱為Gd-157)中。在另一態樣中，中子捕獲材料可包括鉿材料。鉿材料可富集於鉿-174 (在本文中有時被稱為Hf-174)中。在又一態樣中，中子捕獲材料可具有高熱中子橫截面。如文中所使用，「高熱中子橫截面」可意指大於鉿-174的熱中子橫截面。在另外其他態樣中，輻照目標材料可具有約257,000邦(barn)及/或大於約257,000邦之熱中子橫截面。In some aspects, the neutron capture reservoir 104 and/or the neutron capture material included in the neutron capture reservoir 104 may be replicable. In one aspect, the neutron capture material can include a gadolinium material. Gionium material can be enriched in Gionium-157 (sometimes referred to herein as Gd-157). In another aspect, the neutron capture material may include a hafnium material. The hafnium material can be enriched in hafnium-174 (sometimes referred to herein as Hf-174). In yet another aspect, the neutron capture material can have a high thermal neutron cross-section. As used herein, "high thermal neutron cross section" may mean a thermal neutron cross section greater than hafnium-174. In still other aspects, the irradiation target material can have a thermal neutron cross-section of about 257,000 barn and/or greater than about 257,000 barn.

中子捕獲儲集器104可經組態以在曝露於由中子產生器102產生之中子通量場107時產生伽瑪輻射105。此外，中子捕獲儲集器104可經組態以在中子通量場107被移除時停止產生伽瑪輻射105。換言之，裝置100可經組態以使得當中子產生器102被去啟動時，沒有殘餘伽瑪輻射105及/或中子通量107自裝置100被發射。舉例而言，釓材料可包括富集於Gd-157中之Gd 2O 3。隨著Gd-157捕獲自中子產生器102發射之熱中子，Gd-157m同位素會形成。在形成後，Gd-157m同位素就立即發射可具有約7 MeV之總能量的一或多個伽瑪光子。一或多個經發射伽瑪光子可輻照該輻照目標200。此外，因為Gd-157m同位素立即發射一或多個伽瑪光子，所以沒有殘餘伽瑪輻射105會在中子產生器102被去啟動之後由裝置發射。 Neutron capture reservoir 104 may be configured to generate gamma radiation 105 when exposed to neutron flux field 107 generated by neutron generator 102 . Additionally, the neutron capture reservoir 104 can be configured to stop producing gamma radiation 105 when the neutron flux field 107 is removed. In other words, device 100 may be configured such that no residual gamma radiation 105 and/or neutron flux 107 is emitted from device 100 when neutron generator 102 is deactivated. For example, the gadolinium material can include Gd2O3 enriched in Gd - 157. As Gd-157 captures thermal neutrons emitted from neutron generator 102, the Gd-157m isotope is formed. Immediately upon formation, the Gd-157m isotope emits one or more gamma photons which may have a total energy of about 7 MeV. One or more emitted gamma photons may irradiate the irradiation target 200 . Furthermore, because the Gd-157m isotope immediately emits one or more gamma photons, no residual gamma radiation 105 will be emitted by the device after the neutron generator 102 is deactivated.

裝置100與其他方法相比可在用於食品及醫療相關輻照目的時允許顯著的成本節省及提高的安全性。此成本節省及提高的安全性可由於裝置100在中子產生器102被去啟動之後不發射殘餘輻射而引起。舉例而言，裝置100可用作使用諸如鈷-60之殘餘衰變式放射性同位素之各種輻照器的替代方案，以避免常常與使用此類輻照器相關聯之潛在昂貴的棄置要求及在很大程度上屏蔽且安全的基礎結構。Device 100 may allow for significant cost savings and improved safety when used for food and medical related irradiation purposes compared to other methods. This cost savings and increased safety may result from the device 100 not emitting residual radiation after the neutron generator 102 is deactivated. For example, device 100 can be used as an alternative to various irradiators that use residual decaying radioisotopes such as cobalt-60, to avoid the potentially costly disposal requirements often associated with the use of such irradiators and the time-consuming Largely shielded and secure infrastructure.

仍主要參看圖2且亦參看圖1，在一些態樣中，裝置100可包括經組態以控制及/或最佳化中子捕獲儲集器104處之中子通量107之位準的中子緩和劑108。中子緩和劑108可定位於中子產生器102與中子捕獲儲集器104之間。中子緩和劑108包括中子緩和劑材料及中子緩和劑厚度。在一些態樣中，中子緩和劑材料包括石墨、水或其組合。在一些態樣中，中子緩和劑厚度可為可調整的。在另外其他態樣中，中子緩和劑108相對於中子產生器102及/或中子捕獲儲集器104之位置、中子緩和劑材料及/或中子緩和劑厚度108可經最佳化以控制中子捕獲儲集器104處之熱中子通量107之位準。此最佳化可使用各種軟體工具，諸如蒙地卡羅N-粒子輸運程序 (Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP))來進行。在一些態樣中，裝置100可包括檢修門及/或開口以允許置放中子緩和劑108及/或裝置100之其他組件。Referring still primarily to FIG. 2 and also to FIG. 1 , in some aspects, device 100 may include a device configured to control and/or optimize the level of neutron flux 107 at neutron capture reservoir 104 Neutron Moderator 108. Neutron moderator 108 may be positioned between neutron generator 102 and neutron capture reservoir 104 . Neutron moderator 108 includes a neutron moderator material and a neutron moderator thickness. In some aspects, the neutron moderator material includes graphite, water, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the neutron moderator thickness may be adjustable. In yet other aspects, the position of neutron moderator 108 relative to neutron generator 102 and/or neutron capture reservoir 104, neutron moderator material, and/or neutron moderator thickness 108 may be optimized To control the level of the thermal neutron flux 107 at the neutron capture reservoir 104. This optimization can be performed using various software tools, such as the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP). In some aspects, device 100 may include access doors and/or openings to allow placement of neutron moderator 108 and/or other components of device 100 .

仍主要參看圖2且亦參看圖1，裝置100可包括環繞裝置100之至少一部分及/或其組件的屏蔽件106。舉例而言，屏蔽件106可經組態以環繞中子產生器102之細長部分之末端並延伸經過細長部分之末端，從而環繞中子緩和劑108，如圖2中所展示。在一些態樣中，屏蔽件106可繼續延伸經過中子產生器102之細長部分之末端並至少部分地涵蓋中子捕獲儲集器104。舉例而言，屏蔽件106可經組態以包圍中子緩和劑108之側並具有緊接於目標200之開口。屏蔽件106包括屏蔽材料。在一些態樣中，屏蔽材料可包括鉛或適於最小化及/或防止伽瑪輻射106在非想要的方向上逸出裝置100之另一類似屏蔽材料。舉例而言，屏蔽件116可經組態以最小化在遠離輻照目標200之方向上自中子捕獲儲集器104逸出裝置100之伽瑪輻射106的量。在一些態樣中，屏蔽材料可包括鉛或適於幫助將中子通量場107圍阻於裝置100內之另一類似屏蔽材料。舉例而言，屏蔽件106可經組態以最小化在遠離中子捕獲儲集器104之方向上自中子產生器102逸出裝置100之熱中子(中子通量場107)的量。在一些態樣中，屏蔽件106可為可調整的。此外，屏蔽件106可經組態以裝配於中子產生器102之外表面之一部分周圍，以最小化中子107及/或伽瑪輻射105至可在裝置周圍之設備的曝露。屏蔽件106、中子緩和劑108及/或中子捕獲儲集器104可經組態以與傳統管狀電子中子產生器設計一起使用。Referring still primarily to FIG. 2 and also to FIG. 1 , device 100 may include a shield 106 surrounding at least a portion of device 100 and/or components thereof. For example, shield 106 may be configured to encircle and extend past the end of the elongated portion of neutron generator 102 to encircle neutron moderator 108 , as shown in FIG. 2 . In some aspects, shield 106 may continue past the end of the elongated portion of neutron generator 102 and at least partially encompass neutron capture reservoir 104 . For example, shield 106 may be configured to surround the sides of neutron moderator 108 and have an opening proximate to target 200 . Shield 106 includes shielding material. In some aspects, the shielding material may comprise lead or another similar shielding material suitable for minimizing and/or preventing gamma radiation 106 from escaping device 100 in unintended directions. For example, shield 116 may be configured to minimize the amount of gamma radiation 106 that escapes device 100 from neutron capture reservoir 104 in a direction away from irradiation target 200 . In some aspects, the shielding material may include lead or another similar shielding material suitable to help contain the neutron flux field 107 within the device 100 . For example, shield 106 may be configured to minimize the amount of thermal neutrons (neutron flux field 107 ) that escape device 100 from neutron generator 102 in a direction away from neutron capture reservoir 104 . In some aspects, shield 106 may be adjustable. Additionally, shield 106 can be configured to fit around a portion of the outer surface of neutron generator 102 to minimize exposure of neutrons 107 and/or gamma radiation 105 to equipment that may be around the device. Shield 106, neutron moderator 108, and/or neutron capture reservoir 104 may be configured for use with conventional tubular electronic neutron generator designs.

仍主要參看圖2且亦參看圖1，輻照目標200處之伽瑪輻射105場之強度可基於諸如中子捕獲儲集器104處之中子通量場107之特性、中子捕獲材料之特性(例如，中子捕獲儲集器104中之Gd-157之量)及中子捕獲儲集器104距輻照目標200之距離的操作參數予以控制。此外，遞送至輻照目標200之伽瑪輻射105之當量劑量可基於以上參數(例如，基於伽瑪輻射105場之強度及Gd-157m衰變方案)予以判定。遞送至輻照目標200之伽瑪輻射105之當量劑量的此判定可使用諸如MCNP之市售套裝軟體而執行。因此，裝置100可經組態以將伽瑪輻射105之所要劑量遞送至輻照目標200。Referring still primarily to FIG. 2 and also to FIG. 1 , the strength of the field of gamma radiation 105 at the irradiation target 200 may be based on, for example, characteristics of the neutron flux field 107 at the neutron capture reservoir 104, characteristics of the neutron capture material The operating parameters of the properties (eg, the amount of Gd-157 in the neutron capture reservoir 104 ) and the distance of the neutron capture reservoir 104 from the irradiation target 200 are controlled. Furthermore, the equivalent dose of gamma radiation 105 delivered to the irradiated target 200 can be determined based on the above parameters (eg, based on the strength of the gamma radiation 105 field and the Gd-157m decay scheme). This determination of the equivalent dose of gamma radiation 105 delivered to the irradiation target 200 can be performed using a commercially available software package such as MCNP. Accordingly, device 100 may be configured to deliver a desired dose of gamma radiation 105 to irradiation target 200 .

在一些態樣中，多個裝置100可一起用以產生具有等於由個別裝置100產生之伽瑪輻射場強度之總和之強度的伽瑪輻射場。此外，多個裝置100可以各種配置而組態以產生與個別裝置100相比為較大及/或具有較均一強度之伽瑪輻射場。舉例而言，圖3說明經組態以產生伽瑪輻射105場之裝置100之系統300的橫截面示意性表示。根據圖3之非限制性態樣，五(5)個裝置100被展示為配置於輻照目標200周圍。在其他態樣中，任何數目個裝置100 (例如，兩(2)個裝置100、三(3)個裝置100、四(4)個裝置100、五(5)個裝置100、多於五(5)個裝置100)及任何配置之裝置100 (例如，線性陣列、二維陣列、三維陣列、圓形陣列、半球形陣列等)可被實施以產生用以產生具有所要均一性、強度及/或大小之伽瑪輻射105場的裝置100之系統300。此外，在一些態樣中，個別裝置100或裝置100之系統300可經組態以同時輻照多個目標物件200。In some aspects, multiple devices 100 may be used together to generate a gamma radiation field having an intensity equal to the sum of the gamma radiation field intensities generated by the individual devices 100 . Furthermore, multiple devices 100 may be configured in various configurations to generate a gamma radiation field that is larger and/or of more uniform intensity than an individual device 100 . For example, FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional schematic representation of a system 300 of devices 100 configured to generate a field of gamma radiation 105 . According to the non-limiting aspect of FIG. 3 , five (5) devices 100 are shown arranged around an irradiation target 200 . In other aspects, any number of devices 100 (e.g., two (2) devices 100, three (3) devices 100, four (4) devices 100, five (5) devices 100, more than five ( 5) devices 100) and any configuration of devices 100 (e.g., linear arrays, two-dimensional arrays, three-dimensional arrays, circular arrays, hemispherical arrays, etc.) The system 300 of the device 100 of the gamma radiation 105 field of magnitude or magnitude. Additionally, in some aspects, an individual device 100 or system 300 of devices 100 may be configured to irradiate multiple target objects 200 simultaneously.

在一些態樣中，多個中子產生器102可一起用以產生多個(例如，重疊)中子通量場107，其用以自共同中子捕獲儲集器104產生瞬發中子捕獲伽瑪輻射。類似於裝置100之系統300，多個中子產生器102與共同中子捕獲儲集器104一起之使用與個別裝置100相比可用以產生較大、較均一及/或較強的伽瑪輻射105場。舉例而言，圖4說明經組態以使用共同中子捕獲儲集器104產生伽瑪輻射之中子產生器102之系統400的示意性表示。根據圖4之非限制性態樣，三(3)個中子產生器102被展示為並行地配置且彼此相鄰以產生重疊中子通量場107。在其他態樣中，任何數目個中子產生器102 (例如，兩(2)個中子產生器102、三(3)個中子產生器102、四(4)個中子產生器102、五(5)個中子產生器102、多於五(5)個中子產生器102)及任何配置之中子產生器102 (例如，線性陣列、二維陣列、三維陣列、圓形陣列、半球形陣列等)可被實施以產生使用共同中子捕獲儲集器104產生具有所要均一性、強度及/或大小之伽瑪輻射105場的中子產生器102之系統400。In some aspects, multiple neutron generators 102 may be used together to generate multiple (e.g., overlapping) neutron flux fields 107 that are used to generate prompt neutron capture from a common neutron capture reservoir 104 Gamma radiation. Similar to system 300 of device 100, the use of multiple neutron generators 102 with a common neutron capture reservoir 104 can be used to generate larger, more uniform, and/or stronger gamma radiation than individual devices 100 105 games. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic representation of a system 400 configured to generate gamma radiation neutron generators 102 using a common neutron capture reservoir 104 . According to the non-limiting aspect of FIG. 4 , three (3) neutron generators 102 are shown configured in parallel and adjacent to each other to generate overlapping neutron flux fields 107 . In other aspects, any number of neutron generators 102 (e.g., two (2) neutron generators 102, three (3) neutron generators 102, four (4) neutron generators 102, Five (5) neutron generators 102, more than five (5) neutron generators 102), and any configuration of neutron generators 102 (e.g., linear arrays, two-dimensional arrays, three-dimensional arrays, circular arrays, Hemispherical arrays, etc.) can be implemented to produce a system 400 of neutron generators 102 that use a common neutron capture reservoir 104 to produce a field of gamma radiation 105 having a desired uniformity, intensity, and/or magnitude.

仍參看圖4，系統400可包括屏蔽件106。屏蔽件可經組態以有助於防止熱中子(亦即，中子通量場107)及/或伽瑪輻射105在非想要的方向上逸出系統400。舉例而言，根據圖4之非限制性態樣，系統400被展示為屏蔽件106形成環繞中子產生器102之陣列之中子產生部分的外部周邊。屏蔽件106亦展示於鄰近的中子產生器102之間的各種間隙中。Still referring to FIG. 4 , system 400 may include shield 106 . Shielding may be configured to help prevent thermal neutrons (ie, neutron flux field 107 ) and/or gamma radiation 105 from escaping system 400 in unintended directions. For example, in accordance with the non-limiting aspect of FIG. 4 , system 400 is shown with shield 106 forming an outer perimeter surrounding the neutron generating portion of the array of neutron generators 102 . Shields 106 are also shown in various gaps between adjacent neutron generators 102 .

仍參看圖4，系統400可包括中子緩和劑108。系統400之中子緩和劑108可基於上文關於圖1及圖2所描述之各種參數而組態以最佳化中子捕獲儲集器104處之中子通量場107之特性。此外，類似於個別裝置100及裝置100之系統300，中子產生器102之系統400可經組態以同時輻照多個目標物件200。Still referring to FIG. 4 , system 400 may include neutron moderator 108 . System 400 neutron moderator 108 may be configured to optimize the characteristics of neutron flux field 107 at neutron capture reservoir 104 based on the various parameters described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 . Furthermore, similar to the individual devices 100 and the system 300 of devices 100, the system 400 of neutron generators 102 can be configured to irradiate multiple target objects 200 simultaneously.

如下文關於實例1更詳細地所論述，裝置100可經組態以遞送足以在短時段(例如，小於1.5小時、小於1分鐘等，此取決於裝置100之操作參數)內對目標物件200進行滅菌之伽瑪輻射劑量。此外，多個裝置100 (例如，系統300)及/或多個中子產生器102 (例如，系統400)之使用可用以在短時段(例如，小於1.5小時、小於1分鐘等)內對多個目標物件200進行滅菌。As discussed in more detail below with respect to Example 1, the device 100 can be configured to deliver sufficient to treat the target article 200 within a short period of time (e.g., less than 1.5 hours, less than 1 minute, etc., depending on the operating parameters of the device 100). Gamma radiation dose for sterilization. Furthermore, the use of multiple devices 100 (e.g., system 300) and/or multiple neutron generators 102 (e.g., system 400) can be used to control multiple A target object 200 is sterilized.

本文中所揭示之裝置100及系統300、400亦可比具有等效活性位準之其他輻照方法更快速地(亦即，以較高劑量率)對目標物件200進行滅菌。舉例而言，中子捕獲儲集器104可包括Gd-157。由Gd-157m發射之瞬發中子伽瑪輻射具有約7 MeV之能量。相比而言，Co-60發射具有約1.2 MeV之能量的伽瑪輻射。因此，使用包括Gd-157之中子捕獲材料的裝置100與具有由Co-60衰變產生之等效活性位準的輻照器源相比可在較少的時間內遞送所需滅菌劑量。此外，如上文所論述，與Co-60輻照器不同，裝置100及系統300、400並不依賴於隨時間推移變得耗盡且需要棄置之殘餘衰變式放射性同位素的使用。The device 100 and systems 300, 400 disclosed herein can also sterilize the target object 200 more quickly (ie, at a higher dose rate) than other irradiation methods with equivalent activity levels. For example, neutron capture reservoir 104 may include Gd-157. Prompt neutron gamma radiation emitted by Gd-157m has an energy of about 7 MeV. In comparison, Co-60 emits gamma radiation with an energy of about 1.2 MeV. Thus, the use of device 100 comprising Gd-157 neutron capture material can deliver the required sterilizing dose in less time than an irradiator source having an equivalent activity level produced by Co-60 decay. Furthermore, as discussed above, unlike Co-60 irradiators, device 100 and systems 300, 400 do not rely on the use of residual decaying radioisotopes that become depleted over time and need to be disposed of.

此外，本文中所揭示之裝置100及系統300、400與諸如Co-60之輻照器相比可需要較少的輻射屏蔽及安全相關基礎結構。因此，裝置100及系統300、400可由食品封裝設施及/或醫療裝置製造設施實施，藉此減少或消除對專用輻照器設施之需要。此可減少處理食品及/或醫療裝置之成本並簡化供應鏈。Furthermore, the devices 100 and systems 300, 400 disclosed herein may require less radiation shielding and safety-related infrastructure than irradiators such as Co-60. Accordingly, device 100 and systems 300, 400 may be implemented by food packaging facilities and/or medical device manufacturing facilities, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for dedicated irradiator facilities. This can reduce the cost of handling food and/or medical devices and simplify the supply chain.

文中描述之各種裝置、系統、及方法的例示性能力提供於以下實例中： 實例 1 Exemplary capabilities of the various devices, systems, and methods described herein are provided in the following examples: Example 1

包括經富集以包含約87 wt.% Gd-157且具有約100 mg之質量之Gd 2O 3的中子捕獲儲集器被製備。中子捕獲儲集器曝露於約6x10 6個中子/cm 2/s之熱中子通量。在輻照目標表面處產生之所得的伽瑪輻射劑量率為約625 R/秒或2.25x10 6R/小時。此轉化為約22.5 kGy/hr。 A neutron capture reservoir comprising Gd 2 O 3 enriched to contain about 87 wt.% Gd-157 and having a mass of about 100 mg was prepared. The neutron capture reservoir is exposed to a thermal neutron flux of about 6x106 neutrons/ cm2 /s. The resulting gamma radiation dose rate produced at the irradiated target surface is about 625 R/sec or 2.25× 10 6 R/hour. This translates to about 22.5 kGy/hr.

標準國家標準與技術研究院(NIST)指南規定，25 kGy之經遞送伽瑪輻射劑量被需要來達成10 -6(亦即，滅菌之後存在微生物之機率為10 -6)之商業所需無菌保證水準(SAL)。因此，此實例1中所描述之中子通量場及中子捕獲儲集器可僅僅在1小時內遞送25 kGy之所需伽瑪劑量。若中子通量增加10倍且Gd 2O 3之質量亦增加10倍，則產生25 kGy所需之時間將減小100倍。 Standards National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines state that a delivered gamma radiation dose of 25 kGy is required to achieve a commercially desirable sterility assurance of 10 -6 (ie, a probability of microorganisms present after sterilization of 10 -6 ) level (SAL). Thus, the neutron flux field and neutron capture reservoir described in this Example 1 can deliver the required gamma dose of 25 kGy in only 1 hour. If the neutron flux is increased by a factor of 10 and the mass of Gd 2 O 3 is also increased by a factor of 10, the time required to generate 25 kGy will be reduced by a factor of 100.

現代電子中子產生器能夠操作數千小時而無需更換。此外，大約10 7之熱中子通量可被產生，且Gd 2O 3之質量及富集可被控制。因此，此實例1之熱中子通量及中子捕獲儲集器可經調整以控制滅菌所需之輻照時間。此外，多個中子產生器可運用具有大質量及表面積之中子捕獲儲集器(例如，類似於系統400)進行實施。因此，多中子產生器系統可經組態以在與依賴於比如Co-60之放射性同位素之當前方法之時間相當的時間內對材料及物件進行滅菌。又另外，與依賴於殘餘衰變式放射性同位素之方法不同，裝置100及系統300、400不需要棄置放射性廢料或基礎結構以解決與輻照器之不當使用相關聯的安全問題。 Modern electronic neutron generators are capable of operating for thousands of hours without replacement. In addition, a thermal neutron flux of about 10 7 can be generated, and the mass and enrichment of Gd 2 O 3 can be controlled. Thus, the thermal neutron flux and neutron capture reservoir of this Example 1 can be adjusted to control the irradiation time required for sterilization. Additionally, multiple neutron generators may be implemented using a neutron capture reservoir (eg, similar to system 400 ) having a large mass and surface area. Thus, multiple neutron generator systems can be configured to sterilize materials and objects in a time comparable to that of current methods that rely on radioisotopes such as Co-60. Still further, unlike methods that rely on residual decaying radioactive isotopes, the device 100 and systems 300, 400 do not require disposal of radioactive waste or infrastructure to address safety issues associated with improper use of irradiators.

文中描述之裝置、系統、及方法的各種態樣陳述於以下條項中。Various aspects of the devices, systems, and methods described herein are set forth in the following items.

條項1：一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之裝置，該裝置包含：一中子產生器，其經組態以產生一中子通量場；及一中子捕獲儲集器，其包含一中子捕獲材料，該中子捕獲材料經組態以回應於曝露於該中子通量場而發射伽瑪輻射；其中該中子捕獲儲集器經組態以定位於該中子產生器與一輻照目標之間以運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標。Clause 1: An apparatus for producing gamma radiation, the apparatus comprising: a neutron generator configured to generate a neutron flux field; and a neutron capture reservoir comprising a a neutron capture material configured to emit gamma radiation in response to exposure to the neutron flux field; wherein the neutron capture reservoir is configured to be positioned between the neutron generator and a and irradiating the target to irradiate the irradiation target with the emitted gamma radiation.

條項2：如條項1之裝置，其中該中子捕獲材料包含一釓材料。Clause 2: The device of Clause 1, wherein the neutron capture material comprises a gadolinium material.

條項3：如條項1至2中任一項之裝置，其中該釓材料富集於釓-157中。Clause 3: The device of any one of clauses 1 to 2, wherein the gadolinium material is enriched in gadolinium-157.

條項4：如條項1至3中任一項之裝置，其中該中子捕獲儲集器經組態以允許該中子捕獲材料之更換。Clause 4: The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 3, wherein the neutron capture reservoir is configured to allow replacement of the neutron capture material.

條項5：如條項1至4中任一項之裝置，其中由該中子捕獲材料發射之該伽瑪輻射不小於2 MeV。Clause 5: The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein the gamma radiation emitted by the neutron capture material is not less than 2 MeV.

條項6：如條項1至5中任一項之裝置，其進一步包含一中子緩和劑，該中子緩和劑定位於該中子產生器之一末端與該中子捕獲儲集器之間，其中該中子緩和劑經組態以最佳化該中子捕獲材料至該中子通量場之該曝露。Clause 6: The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 5, further comprising a neutron moderator positioned between an end of the neutron generator and the neutron capture reservoir wherein the neutron moderator is configured to optimize the exposure of the neutron capture material to the neutron flux field.

條項7：如條項1至6中任一項之裝置，其中該中子緩和劑包含一中子緩和劑材料，且其中該中子緩和劑材料包含石墨、水或其一組合。Clause 7: The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 6, wherein the neutron moderator comprises a neutron moderator material, and wherein the neutron moderator material comprises graphite, water, or a combination thereof.

條項8：如條項1至9中任一項之裝置，其進一步包含環繞該中子產生器之至少一部分的屏蔽件；其中該屏蔽件經組態以最大化該中子通量場在該裝置內之圍阻；且其中該屏蔽件經組態以最小化在遠離該輻照器目標之一方向上自該中子捕獲儲集器逸出該裝置之伽瑪輻射的一量。Clause 8: The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 9, further comprising a shield surrounding at least a portion of the neutron generator; wherein the shield is configured to maximize the neutron flux field at an enclosure within the device; and wherein the shield is configured to minimize an amount of gamma radiation escaping the device from the neutron capture reservoir in a direction away from the irradiator target.

條項9：一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之系統，該系統包含：複數個裝置，該複數個裝置中之每一者包含：一中子產生器，其經組態以產生一中子通量場；及一中子捕獲儲集器，其包含一中子捕獲材料，該中子捕獲材料經組態以回應於曝露於該中子通量場而發射伽瑪輻射；其中該中子捕獲儲集器被定位成緊接於產生該中子通量場之該中子產生器之一末端；且其中該複數個裝置中之每一者經定位以運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照一共同輻照目標。Clause 9: A system for generating gamma radiation, the system comprising: a plurality of devices, each of the plurality of devices comprising: a neutron generator configured to generate a neutron flux field; and a neutron capture reservoir comprising a neutron capture material configured to emit gamma radiation in response to exposure to the neutron flux field; wherein the neutron capture reservoir a concentrator is positioned proximate to an end of the neutron generator generating the neutron flux field; and wherein each of the plurality of devices is positioned to irradiate a common neutron generator with the emitted gamma radiation Irradiate the target.

條項10： 如條項9之系統，其中該中子捕獲材料包含一釓材料。Clause 10: The system of Clause 9, wherein the neutron capture material comprises a gadolinium material.

條項11： 如條項9至10中任一項之系統，其中該釓材料富集於釓-157中。Clause 11: The system of any one of Clauses 9 to 10, wherein the gierium material is enriched in gier-157.

條項12： 如條項9至11中任一項之系統，其中由該中子捕獲材料發射之伽瑪輻射不小於2 MeV。Clause 12: The system of any one of Clauses 9 to 11, wherein the gamma radiation emitted by the neutron capture material is not less than 2 MeV.

條項13： 如條項9至12中任一項之系統，其中該複數個裝置中之每一者進一步包含一中子緩和劑，該中子緩和劑定位於該中子產生器之一末端與該中子捕獲儲集器之間，其中該中子緩和劑經組態以最佳化該中子捕獲材料至該中子通量場之該曝露。Clause 13: The system of any one of Clauses 9 to 12, wherein each of the plurality of devices further comprises a neutron moderator positioned at an end of the neutron generator and the neutron capture reservoir, wherein the neutron moderator is configured to optimize the exposure of the neutron capture material to the neutron flux field.

條項14： 一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之方法，該方法包含：由一中子產生器產生一中子通量場；將包含一中子捕獲材料之一中子捕獲儲集器曝露於該中子通量場；由該中子捕獲材料發射伽瑪輻射；將該中子捕獲儲集器定位於該中子產生器與一輻照目標之間；及運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標。Clause 14: A method for producing gamma radiation, the method comprising: generating a neutron flux field by a neutron generator; exposing a neutron capture reservoir comprising a neutron capture material to the neutron flux field; emitting gamma radiation by the neutron capture material; positioning the neutron capture reservoir between the neutron generator and an irradiation target; and irradiating with the emitted gamma radiation The irradiation target.

條項15： 如條項14之方法，其中該中子捕獲材料富含釓-157。Clause 15: The method of Clause 14, wherein the neutron capture material is enriched in gadolinium-157.

條項16： 如條項14至15中任一項之方法，其進一步包含更換該中子捕獲材料。Clause 16: The method of any one of Clauses 14-15, further comprising replacing the neutron capture material.

條項17： 如條項14至16中任一項之方法，其中由該中子捕獲材料發射伽瑪輻射包含發射具有不小於2 MeV之能量的伽瑪輻射。Clause 17: The method of any one of Clauses 14 to 16, wherein emitting gamma radiation from the neutron capture material comprises emitting gamma radiation having an energy of not less than 2 MeV.

條項18： 如條項14至17中任一項之方法，其中運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標包含對食品產品進行滅菌或對醫療裝置進行滅菌。Clause 18: The method of any one of Clauses 14 to 17, wherein irradiating the irradiating target with the emitted gamma radiation comprises sterilizing a food product or sterilizing a medical device.

條項19： 如條項14至18中任一項之方法，其中運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標包含在小於1.5小時內將不小於25 kGy之伽瑪輻射劑量遞送至該輻照目標。Clause 19: The method of any one of clauses 14 to 18, wherein irradiating the irradiated target with the emitted gamma radiation comprises delivering a gamma radiation dose of not less than 25 kGy to the Irradiate the target.

條項20：如條項14至19中任一項之方法，其中運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標包含在小於1分鐘內將不小於25 kGy之伽瑪輻射劑量遞送至該輻照目標。Clause 20: The method of any one of Clauses 14 to 19, wherein irradiating the irradiated target with the emitted gamma radiation comprises delivering a gamma radiation dose of not less than 25 kGy to the irradiated target in less than 1 minute Irradiate the target.

熟悉本技藝者將認識到，一般而言，本文中且尤其在所附申請專利範圍(例如，所附申請專利範圍之主體)中使用之術語一般意欲作為「開放式(open)」術語(例如，術語「包括(including)」應解譯為「包括但不限於」，術語「具有(having)」應解譯為「至少具有」，術語「包括(includes)」應解譯為「包括但不限於」等)。熟悉本技藝者應進一步理解，若期望特定數目之所引入申請專利範圍敍述，則此意圖將明確敍述於申請專利範圍中，且在無此敍述之情況下不存在此意圖。舉例而言，作為對理解之輔助，以下隨附申請專利範圍可含有介紹性片語「至少一個」及「一或多個」之使用以引入申請專利範圍陳述。然而，此類片語之使用不應視為暗示由不定冠詞「一(a)」或「一個(an)」對申請專利範圍敍述之引入將含有此類所引入申請專利範圍敍述之任何特定申請專利範圍限制於僅含有一個此類敍述的申請專利範圍，即使當同一申請專利範圍包括引入片語「一或多個」或「至少一個」及諸如「一(a)」或「一個(an)」之不定冠詞時(例如，「一(a)」及/或「一個(an)」應通常解譯為意謂「至少一個」或「一或多個」)；此情況同樣適用於用以引入申請專利範圍敍述之定冠詞的使用。Those skilled in the art will recognize that terms used herein in general and in the appended claims (e.g., the subject of the appended claims) are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., , the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "at least" and the term "includes" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.). Those skilled in the art should further understand that if a specific number of an incorporated claim recitation is desired, that intent will be explicitly recited in the claim claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent exists. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce the claim statement. However, the use of such phrases should not be taken to imply that the incorporation of a claim recitation by the indefinite article "one (a)" or "one (an)" will include any particular application for such incorporated claim recitation Claims are limited to claims containing only one such statement, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and terms such as "one (a)" or "one (an) " (for example, "one (a)" and/or "one (an)" should normally be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same applies to Introduce the use of definite articles in the claim description.

此外，即使明確地敍述特定數目之所引入申請專利範圍敍述，但熟悉本技藝者將認識到，此類敍述通常應解譯為意謂至少所敍述之數目(例如，不具有其他修飾語的無修飾敍述「兩個敍述」通常意謂至少兩個敍述或兩個或更多個敍述)。此外，在使用類似於「A、B及C中之至少一者等」之公約的彼等情況下，一般這類構造意欲為熟悉本技藝者應瞭解公約之意義(例如，「具有A、B及C中之至少一者的系統」將包括但不限於具有僅A、僅B、僅C、A及B一起、A及C一起、B及C一起、及/或A、B及C一起等的系統)。在使用類似於「A、B或C中之至少一者等」之公約的彼等情況下，一般此類構造意欲為熟悉本技藝者應瞭解公約之意義(例如，「具有A、B或C中之至少一者的系統」將包括但不限於具有僅A、僅B、僅C、A及B一起、A及C一起、B及C一起及/或A、B及C一起等的系統)。熟悉本技藝者將進一步理解，除非上下文另外規定，否則無論在描述內容、申請專利範圍或圖式中，通常呈現兩個或多於兩個替代性術語之分離性字組及/或片語應理解為涵蓋包括該等術語中之一者、該等術語中之任一者或兩種術語之可能性。例如，片語「A或B」將通常瞭解為包括可能性「A」或「B」或「A和B」。Furthermore, even though a particular number of incorporated patent claims recitations are expressly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitations should generally be construed to mean at least that recited number (eg, none without other modifiers). Modified statement "two statements" usually means at least two statements or two or more statements). Furthermore, in those cases where conventions like "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." are used, generally such constructions are intended so that those skilled in the art should understand the meaning of the convention (e.g., "has A, B, etc. and C" would include, but not be limited to, having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B and C together, etc. system). In those cases where conventions like "at least one of A, B, or C" are used, generally such constructions are intended so that those skilled in the art should understand the meaning of the convention (e.g., "has A, B, or C A system of at least one of "will include, but is not limited to, a system with only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B and C together, etc.) . Those skilled in the art will further understand that, unless the context dictates otherwise, no matter in the description, claims or drawings, usually two or more separate words and/or phrases of alternative terms should be The possibility of including one of these terms, either of these terms, or both terms is understood to be encompassed. For example, the phrase "A or B" will generally be understood to include the possibilities "A" or "B" or "A and B."

值得注意，對「一個態樣」、「一態樣」、「一示例」、「一個示例」及類似者之任何參考意謂結合該態樣所描述之特定特徵、結構或特性包括於至少一個態樣中。因此，片語「在一個態樣中」、「在一態樣中」、「在一示例中」及「在一個示例中」貫穿本說明書在各處之出現未必皆參考同一態樣。此外，特定特徵、結構或特性可在一或多個態樣中以任何適合方式組合。It is worth noting that any reference to "an aspect", "an aspect", "an example", "an example" and the like means that the particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the aspect is included in at least one In state. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one aspect," "in an aspect," "in an example," and "in an example" throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same aspect. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

在本說明書中所參考及/或在任何申請資料表(Application Data Sheet)中所列出之任何專利申請案、專利、非專利公開案或其他揭示內容材料以引用之方式併入本文中，在某種程度上所併入之材料與本說明書不相矛盾。因而，且在必需之程度上，如本文中所明確闡述之揭示內容取代以引用方式併入本文中之任何矛盾材料。據稱以引用方式併入本文中但與本文中所闡述之現有定義、陳述或其他揭示內容材料相矛盾的任何材料或其部分將僅在彼併入材料與現有揭示內容材料之間不出現矛盾的程度上併入。Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication or other disclosure material referenced in this specification and/or listed in any Application Data Sheet (Application Data Sheet) is hereby incorporated by reference at To the extent the incorporated material is not inconsistent with this specification. Accordingly, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as expressly set forth herein supersedes any contradictory material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is stated to be incorporated by reference herein that contradicts existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be so to the extent that the incorporation material does not contradict the existing disclosure material. incorporated to a certain extent.

術語「包含(comprise)」 (及包含之任何形式，諸如「包含(comprises)」及「包含(comprising)」)、「具有(have)」 (及具有之任何形式，諸如「具有(has)」及「具有(having)」)、「包括(include)」 (及包括之任何形式，諸如「包括(includes)」及「包括(including)」)以及「含有(contain)」 (及含有之任何形式，諸如「含有(contains)」及「含有(containing)」)為開放式連系動詞。因此，一種「包含」、「具有」、「包括」或「含有」一或多個元件之系統具有彼等一或多個元件，但不限於僅擁有彼等一或多個元件。同樣，系統、裝置、或設備之「包含」、「具有」、「包括」或「含有」一或多個特徵的元件擁有彼等一或多個特徵，但不限於僅擁有彼等一或多個特徵。The terms "comprise" (and any form of comprising, such as "comprises" and "comprising"), "have" (and any form of having, such as "has" and "having"), "include" (and any form of including, such as "includes" and "including"), and "contain" (and any form of , such as "contains" and "containing (containing)") are open linking verbs. Thus, a system that "comprises", "has", "includes" or "contains" one or more elements has those one or more elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, an element of a system, device, or device that "comprises", "has", "includes" or "contains" one or more of those features possesses one or more of those features, but is not limited to possessing only one or more of those features feature.

除非另有特別說明，否則本揭示中使用的用語「實質上」、「約」或「概略」意指一特定值由熟悉技藝人士所判定的可接受誤差，該誤差部分取決於數值的量測或判定方式。在某些具體例中，術語「實質上」、「約」或「概略」意謂在1、2、3或4個標準差內。在某些具體例中，術語「實質上」、「約」或「概略」意謂在既定值或範圍之50%、20%、15%、10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%或0.05%內。Unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms "substantially", "about" or "approximately" as used in this disclosure mean an acceptable error for a particular value, as determined by one skilled in the art, which error depends in part on the measurement of the value or judgment method. In certain embodiments, the term "substantially", "about" or "approximately" means within 1, 2, 3 or 4 standard deviations. In some specific examples, the term "substantially", "about" or "approximately" means 50%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6% of a given value or range %, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or 0.05%.

總體而言，已描述由採用本文中所描述之概念而產生的眾多益處。出於說明及描述之目的，已呈現一或多個形式之前述描述。其並非意欲為窮盡性的或限於所揭示之精確形式。根據上述教示，修改或變化為可能的。選擇及描述一或多個形式以說明原理及實際應用，從而使熟悉本技藝者能夠利用各種形式及適於所涵蓋之特定用途的各種修改。意圖據此所提交的申請專利範圍定義整個範疇。Overall, numerous benefits have been described that result from employing the concepts described herein. The foregoing description in one or more forms has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The form or forms were chosen and described to illustrate principles and practical application, enabling one skilled in the art to utilize various forms and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use covered. The scope of claims hereby filed is intended to define the entire category.

100:裝置 102:中子產生器 104:中子捕獲儲集器 105:伽瑪輻射 106:屏蔽件 107:中子/中子通量場 108:中子緩和劑 200:目標/輻照目標 300、400:系統 100: device 102: Neutron Generator 104: Neutron Capture Reservoir 105: Gamma radiation 106: Shield 107: Neutron/Neutron Flux Field 108: Neutron moderator 200: target/irradiated target 300, 400: system

經由參照以下結合如下附圖的實施方式可最佳瞭解文中描述之各種態樣以及其目的及優點。The various aspects described herein, together with objects and advantages thereof, are best understood by referring to the following embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings.

圖1說明根據本揭示內容之至少一個非限制性態樣的經組態以使用中子產生器及中子捕獲儲集器產生伽瑪輻射之裝置的透視圖；1 illustrates a perspective view of an apparatus configured to generate gamma radiation using a neutron generator and a neutron capture reservoir, according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure;

圖2為根據本揭示內容之至少一個非限制性態樣的圖1之裝置的橫截面示意性表示；Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic representation of the device of Figure 1 in accordance with at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure;

圖3為根據本揭示內容之至少一個非限制性態樣的經組態以產生伽瑪輻射之裝置之系統的橫截面示意性表示，每一裝置使用一中子產生器及一中子捕獲儲集器；且3 is a cross-sectional schematic representation of a system of devices configured to generate gamma radiation, each device using a neutron generator and a neutron capture storage, according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure collector; and

圖4為根據本揭示內容之至少一個非限制性態樣的經組態以使用共同中子捕獲儲集器產生伽瑪輻射之中子產生器之系統的橫截面示意性表示。4 is a cross-sectional schematic representation of a system of neutron generators configured to produce gamma radiation using a common neutron capture reservoir, according to at least one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure.

貫穿若干視圖，對應參考字元指示對應部件。本文中所陳述之例證以一種形式說明本揭示之各種態樣，且此類例證並不被視為限制文中揭示之任何態樣的範圍。Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set forth herein illustrate various aspects of the disclosure in one form, and such exemplifications are not to be considered as limiting the scope of any aspect disclosed herein.

100:裝置 100: device

102:中子產生器 102: Neutron Generator

104:中子捕獲儲集器 104: Neutron Capture Reservoir

105:伽瑪輻射 105: Gamma radiation

106:屏蔽件 106: Shield

200:目標/輻照目標 200: target/irradiated target

Claims (20)

一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之裝置，該裝置包含： 一中子產生器，其經組態以產生一中子通量場；及 一中子捕獲儲集器，其包含一中子捕獲材料，該中子捕獲材料經組態以回應於曝露於該中子通量場而發射伽瑪輻射； 其中，該中子捕獲儲集器經組態以定位於該中子產生器與一輻照目標之間以運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標。 A device for producing gamma radiation, the device comprising: a neutron generator configured to generate a neutron flux field; and a neutron capture reservoir comprising a neutron capture material configured to emit gamma radiation in response to exposure to the neutron flux field; Wherein the neutron capture reservoir is configured to be positioned between the neutron generator and an irradiation target to irradiate the irradiation target with the emitted gamma radiation. 如請求項1之裝置，其中，該中子捕獲材料包含一釓材料。The device according to claim 1, wherein the neutron capture material comprises a gadolinium material. 如請求項2之裝置，其中，該釓材料富集於釓-157中。The device according to claim 2, wherein the gadolinium material is enriched in gadolinium-157. 如請求項1之裝置，其中，該中子捕獲儲集器經組態以允許該中子捕獲材料之更換。The device of claim 1, wherein the neutron capture reservoir is configured to allow replacement of the neutron capture material. 如請求項1之裝置，其中，由該中子捕獲材料發射之該伽瑪輻射具有不小於2 MeV之能量。The device of claim 1, wherein the gamma radiation emitted by the neutron capture material has an energy not less than 2 MeV. 如請求項1之裝置，其進一步包含一中子緩和劑，該中子緩和劑定位於該中子產生器之一末端與該中子捕獲儲集器之間，其中，該中子緩和劑經組態以最佳化該中子捕獲材料至該中子通量場之該曝露。The device of claim 1, further comprising a neutron moderator positioned between one end of the neutron generator and the neutron capture reservoir, wherein the neutron moderator passes through configured to optimize the exposure of the neutron capture material to the neutron flux field. 如請求項6之裝置，其中，該中子緩和劑包含一中子緩和劑材料，且 其中，該中子緩和劑材料包含石墨、水或其一組合。 The device of claim 6, wherein the neutron moderator comprises a neutron moderator material, and Wherein, the neutron moderator material includes graphite, water or a combination thereof. 如請求項1之裝置，其進一步包含環繞該中子產生器之至少一部分的屏蔽件； 其中，該屏蔽件經組態以最大化該中子通量場在該裝置內之圍阻；且 其中，該屏蔽件經組態以最小化在遠離該輻照器目標之一方向上自該中子捕獲儲集器逸出該裝置之伽瑪輻射的一量。 The device of claim 1, further comprising a shield surrounding at least a portion of the neutron generator; wherein the shield is configured to maximize containment of the neutron flux field within the device; and Wherein the shield is configured to minimize an amount of gamma radiation escaping the device from the neutron capture reservoir in a direction away from the irradiator target. 一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之系統，該系統包含： 複數個裝置，該複數個裝置中之每一者包含： 一中子產生器，其經組態以產生一中子通量場；及 一中子捕獲儲集器，其包含一中子捕獲材料，該中子捕獲材料經組態以回應於曝露於該中子通量場而發射伽瑪輻射； 其中，該中子捕獲儲集器被定位成緊接於產生該中子通量場之該中子產生器之一末端；且 其中，該複數個裝置中之每一者經定位以運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照一共同輻照目標。 A system for producing gamma radiation comprising: a plurality of devices, each of the plurality of devices comprising: a neutron generator configured to generate a neutron flux field; and a neutron capture reservoir comprising a neutron capture material configured to emit gamma radiation in response to exposure to the neutron flux field; wherein the neutron capture reservoir is positioned proximate to an end of the neutron generator generating the neutron flux field; and Wherein, each of the plurality of devices is positioned to irradiate a common irradiation target with the emitted gamma radiation. 如請求項9之系統，其中，該中子捕獲材料包含一釓材料。The system according to claim 9, wherein the neutron capture material comprises a gadolinium material. 如請求項10之系統，其中，該釓材料富集於釓-157中。The system according to claim 10, wherein the gadolinium material is enriched in gadolinium-157. 如請求項9之系統，其中，由該中子捕獲材料發射之伽瑪輻射具有不小於2 MeV之能量。The system of claim 9, wherein the gamma radiation emitted by the neutron capture material has an energy of not less than 2 MeV. 如請求項9之系統，其中，該複數個裝置中之每一者進一步包含一中子緩和劑，該中子緩和劑定位於該中子產生器之一末端與該中子捕獲儲集器之間，其中，該中子緩和劑經組態以最佳化該中子捕獲材料至該中子通量場之該曝露。The system of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of devices further comprises a neutron moderator positioned between an end of the neutron generator and the neutron capture reservoir wherein the neutron moderator is configured to optimize the exposure of the neutron capture material to the neutron flux field. 一種用於產生伽瑪輻射之方法，該方法包含： 由一中子產生器產生一中子通量場； 將包含一中子捕獲材料之一中子捕獲儲集器曝露於該中子通量場； 由該中子捕獲材料發射伽瑪輻射； 將該中子捕獲儲集器定位於該中子產生器與一輻照目標之間；及 運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標。 A method for producing gamma radiation, the method comprising: generating a neutron flux field by a neutron generator; exposing a neutron capture reservoir comprising a neutron capture material to the neutron flux field; gamma radiation is emitted by the neutron capture material; positioning the neutron capture reservoir between the neutron generator and an irradiation target; and The irradiation target is irradiated with the emitted gamma radiation. 如請求項14之方法，其中，該中子捕獲材料富含釓-157。The method according to claim 14, wherein the neutron capture material is rich in gadolinium-157. 如請求項14之方法，其進一步包含更換該中子捕獲材料。The method according to claim 14, further comprising replacing the neutron capture material. 如請求項14之方法，其中，由該中子捕獲材料發射伽瑪輻射包含發射具有不小於2 MeV之能量的伽瑪輻射。The method of claim 14, wherein emitting gamma radiation from the neutron capture material comprises emitting gamma radiation having an energy of not less than 2 MeV. 如請求項14之方法，其中，運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標包含對食品產品進行滅菌或對醫療裝置進行滅菌。The method of claim 14, wherein irradiating the irradiation target with the emitted gamma radiation comprises sterilizing a food product or sterilizing a medical device. 如請求項14之方法，其中，運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標包含在小於1.5小時內將不小於25 kGy之伽瑪輻射劑量遞送至該輻照目標。The method of claim 14, wherein irradiating the irradiated target with the emitted gamma radiation comprises delivering a gamma radiation dose of not less than 25 kGy to the irradiated target in less than 1.5 hours. 如請求項15之方法，其中，運用該經發射伽瑪輻射輻照該輻照目標包含在小於1分鐘內將不小於25 kGy之伽瑪輻射劑量遞送至該輻照目標。The method of claim 15, wherein irradiating the irradiated target with the emitted gamma radiation comprises delivering a gamma radiation dose of not less than 25 kGy to the irradiated target in less than 1 minute.
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