TW202238050A - Condenser subcooler for a chiller - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/04—Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/02—Subcoolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
- F28D2021/0063—Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
- F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
- F28F2009/224—Longitudinal partitions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
- F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
- F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明係有關於用於冷凍器之冷凝器過冷卻器。This invention relates to condenser subcoolers for refrigerators.
本章節意欲向讀者介紹可與本揭示內容之各種範疇有關的各種技術範疇，該等技術範疇在下文予以描述。咸信此論述有助於向讀者提供背景資訊，以促進對本揭示內容之各種範疇之更好的理解。因此，應理解，此等陳述應據此來理解，而非理解為認可先前技術。This section is intended to introduce the reader to various technical areas that may be related to various areas of the disclosure, which are described below. It is believed that this discussion helps to provide the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various areas of this disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in light of this and not as admissions of prior art.
冷凍器系統或蒸氣壓縮系統利用工作流體（例如致冷劑），該工作流體回應於在冷凍器系統組件內曝露於不同溫度及壓力而在氣相、液相與其組合之間發生相變。冷凍器系統可使工作流體與調節流體（例如水）成熱交換關係，且可將調節流體遞送至調節設備及/或遞送至由冷凍器系統服務之經調節環境。在此類應用中，調節流體可通過下游設備，諸如空氣調節器，以調節其他流體，諸如建築物中之空氣。A refrigerator system or vapor compression system utilizes a working fluid, such as a refrigerant, that undergoes a phase change between a gaseous phase, a liquid phase, and combinations thereof in response to exposure to different temperatures and pressures within the refrigerator system components. A chiller system can place a working fluid in heat exchange relationship with a conditioning fluid, such as water, and can deliver the conditioning fluid to conditioning equipment and/or to a conditioned environment served by the chiller system. In such applications, the conditioning fluid may pass through downstream equipment, such as an air conditioner, to condition other fluids, such as the air in a building.
傳統冷凍器系統包括致冷劑迴路，該致冷劑迴路具有例如壓縮機、冷凝器及蒸發器。在一些冷凝器中，一個或多個管束可定位於冷凝器之殼體或外殼中。可將致冷劑蒸氣引導至殼體中，且可使冷卻流體循環通過管束之各管，以實現自致冷劑至冷卻流體之熱轉移。致冷劑蒸氣與冷卻流體之間的熱轉移或熱交換可使致冷劑蒸氣冷凝或改變成液相。在自冷凝器排出致冷劑液體之前，可藉由使冷卻流體循環通過額外管束而使致冷劑液體進一步冷卻（例如過冷卻），該額外管束可被稱為過冷卻器，其定位於冷凝器之殼體內以自經冷凝致冷劑液體向冷卻流體轉移額外熱。遺憾的是，現有過冷卻器設計可能複雜及/或製造昂貴。另外，利用現有過冷卻器設計之冷凝器可能需要增加位準之致冷劑。A conventional refrigerator system includes a refrigerant circuit having, for example, a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator. In some condensers, one or more tube bundles may be positioned in the shell or shell of the condenser. A refrigerant vapor can be directed into the shell and a cooling fluid can be circulated through the tubes of the tube bundle to effectuate heat transfer from the refrigerant to the cooling fluid. Heat transfer or heat exchange between the refrigerant vapor and the cooling fluid can cause the refrigerant vapor to condense or change into a liquid phase. The refrigerant liquid may be further cooled (eg subcooled) by circulating a cooling fluid through an additional bundle of tubes, which may be referred to as a subcooler, positioned at the condensing within the shell of the device to transfer additional heat from the condensed refrigerant liquid to the cooling fluid. Unfortunately, existing subcooler designs can be complex and/or expensive to manufacture. Additionally, condensers designed with existing subcoolers may require increased levels of refrigerant.
下文闡述本文所揭示之特定實施例的概述。應理解，此等範疇僅為了向讀者提供此等特定實施例之簡要概述而呈現，且此等範疇並不意欲限制本揭示內容之範圍。實際上，本揭示內容可涵蓋下文中可能未闡述之多種範疇。An overview of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these categories are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these particular embodiments and that these categories are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the present disclosure may cover a variety of categories that may not be set forth below.
在一個實施例中，一種冷凝器包括：殼體，其界定被構形為接納及排出致冷劑之內部容積；冷凝段，其安置於殼體內，其中冷凝段包括被構形為使冷卻流體循環通過之複數個管；及過冷卻器，其安置於殼體內且被構形為自冷凝段接納致冷劑。過冷卻器包括：第一通路，其具有被構形為使冷卻流體循環通過之第一組管；第二通路，其具有被構形為使冷卻流體循環通過之第二組管，其中相對於致冷劑通過過冷卻器之流動，第二通路安置於第一通路下游；及分離板，其安置於第一組管與第二組管之間。In one embodiment, a condenser includes: a shell defining an interior volume configured to receive and discharge a refrigerant; a condensing section disposed within the shell, wherein the condensing section includes a cooling fluid configured to a plurality of tubes circulating through; and a subcooler disposed within the shell and configured to receive refrigerant from the condensing section. The subcooler includes: a first passage having a first set of tubes configured to circulate a cooling fluid therethrough; a second passage having a second set of tubes configured to circulate a cooling fluid therethrough wherein relative to The refrigerant flows through the subcooler, the second passage is arranged downstream of the first passage; and the separation plate is arranged between the first set of tubes and the second set of tubes.
在另一實施例中，一種用於供熱、通風、空調及致冷（HVAC&R）系統之冷凝器包括被構形為接納蒸氣致冷劑之殼體。冷凝器亦包括安置於殼體內之冷凝段，其中冷凝段具有被構形為使冷卻流體循環通過之複數個管，且冷凝段被構形為使蒸氣致冷劑冷凝以形成液體致冷劑。冷凝器進一步包括安置於殼體內之過冷卻器，相對於通過冷凝器之致冷劑流動，過冷卻器位於冷凝段下游。過冷卻器包括：第一通路，其被構形為自冷凝段接納液體致冷劑；第二通路，其被構形為自第一通路接納液體致冷劑；及分離板，其沿著冷凝器之長度延伸，其中分離板將第一通路與第二通路分隔，且分離板被構形為將液體致冷劑沿著第一通路引導至第二通路。In another embodiment, a condenser for a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) system includes a shell configured to receive a vapor refrigerant. The condenser also includes a condensing section disposed within the housing, wherein the condensing section has a plurality of tubes configured to circulate a cooling fluid therethrough, and the condensing section is configured to condense vapor refrigerant to form liquid refrigerant. The condenser further includes a subcooler disposed in the shell, the subcooler is located downstream of the condensation section with respect to the refrigerant flow through the condenser. The subcooler includes: a first passage configured to receive liquid refrigerant from the condensing section; a second passage configured to receive liquid refrigerant from the first passage; and a separator plate along the condensing section. The length of the device extends, wherein the separation plate separates the first passage from the second passage, and the separation plate is configured to guide liquid refrigerant along the first passage to the second passage.
在另外實施例中，一種用於供熱、通風、空調及致冷（HVAC&R）系統之冷凝器包括：殼體，其被構形為接納及排出致冷劑；及複數個管，其安置於殼體內且被構形為使致冷劑與冷卻流體成熱交換關係，冷卻流體被引導通過複數個管以使致冷劑冷凝。冷凝器亦包括安置於殼體內之過冷卻器，其中過冷卻器包括：第一通路，其具有安置於複數個管下方且被構形為引導冷卻流體通過之第一組管；第二通路，其具有安置於第一組管下方且被構形為引導冷卻流體通過之第二組管；分離板，其安置於第一組管與第二組管之間以將第一通路與第二通路分隔；及擋板，其安置於第二通路內，其中擋板被構形為支撐第二組管。In another embodiment, a condenser for a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) system includes: a shell configured to receive and discharge refrigerant; and a plurality of tubes disposed on Within the housing and configured to place the refrigerant in heat exchange relationship with a cooling fluid, the cooling fluid is directed through a plurality of tubes to condense the refrigerant. The condenser also includes a subcooler disposed within the housing, wherein the subcooler includes: a first passage having a first set of pipes disposed below the plurality of pipes and configured to direct cooling fluid therethrough; a second passage, It has a second set of tubes disposed below the first set of tubes and configured to direct cooling fluid therethrough; a separator plate disposed between the first set of tubes and the second set of tubes to separate the first passage from the second passage a divider; and a baffle disposed within the second passageway, wherein the baffle is configured to support the second set of tubes.
下文將描述一個或多個特定實施例。為致力於提供此等實施例之簡要描述，本說明書中未描述實際實施方案之所有特徵。應瞭解，在任何此類實際實施方案之開發中，如在任何工程或設計專案中，必須作出眾多實施方案特定決策以達成開發者之特定目標，諸如順應系統相關及商業相關約束，該等約束可因實施方案的不同而不同。此外，應瞭解，此類開發努力可能複雜且耗時，但對於受益於本揭示內容之一般技術者而言，仍屬設計、加工及製造之常規任務。One or more specific embodiments are described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which May vary from implementation to implementation. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nonetheless be a routine undertaking of design, engineering, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
當介紹本揭示內容之各種實施例之元件時，數詞「一（a/an）」及「該（the/said）」意欲意謂存在一個或多個元件。術語「包含」、「包括」及「具有」意欲為包括性的，且意謂可能存在除所列元件之外的額外元件。另外，應理解，本揭示內容對「一個實施例」或「一實施例」之參考並不意欲被解譯為排除亦併有所敍述特徵之額外實施例的存在。When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the numerals "a/an" and "the/said" are intended to mean that there are one or more elements. The terms "comprising", "including" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. In addition, it should be understood that references in this disclosure to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.
本揭示內容之實施例係關於一種供熱、通風、空調及致冷（HVAC&R）系統，諸如冷凍器系統。HVAC&R系統可包括蒸氣壓縮系統（例如蒸氣壓縮迴路），致冷劑（例如工作流體）被引導通過蒸氣壓縮系統以便加熱及/或冷卻調節流體。舉例而言，蒸氣壓縮系統可包括壓縮機，壓縮機被構形為將致冷劑加壓且將經加壓致冷劑引導至冷凝器，冷凝器被構形為冷卻及冷凝經加壓致冷劑。蒸氣壓縮系統之蒸發器可接納經冷卻、經冷凝致冷劑，且可使經冷卻、經冷凝致冷劑與調節流體成熱交換關係以自調節流體吸收熱能或熱，藉此冷卻調節流體。經冷卻調節流體接著可被引導至調節設備，諸如空氣調節器及/或終端單元，其用於調節供應至建築物或其他經調節空間之空氣。Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) system, such as a refrigerator system. An HVAC&R system may include a vapor compression system (eg, a vapor compression circuit) through which a refrigerant (eg, a working fluid) is directed to heat and/or cool a conditioning fluid. For example, a vapor compression system may include a compressor configured to pressurize refrigerant and direct the pressurized refrigerant to a condenser configured to cool and condense the pressurized refrigerant. The evaporator of the vapor compression system can receive cooled, condensed refrigerant, and can place the cooled, condensed refrigerant in heat exchange relationship with the regulating fluid to absorb thermal energy or heat from the regulating fluid, thereby cooling the regulating fluid. The cooled conditioning fluid may then be directed to conditioning equipment, such as air conditioners and/or terminal units, which are used to condition the air supplied to a building or other conditioned space.
一般而言，冷凝器被構形為藉由使經加壓致冷劑與諸如空氣或水之冷卻流體成熱交換關係來冷卻經加壓致冷劑。舉例而言，冷凝器可具有界定被構形為自壓縮機接納經加壓致冷劑之內部容積的殼體或外殼，且冷凝器可包括安置於殼體之內部容積內的複數個管（例如管束）。複數個管被構形為使冷卻流體（例如水）循環通過複數個管，以實現自經加壓致冷劑至冷卻流體之熱轉移。在一些實施例中，冷凝器可包括過冷卻器（例如整合式過冷卻器），過冷卻器被構形為一旦致冷劑已在冷凝器內冷凝（例如經由與被引導通過複數個管之冷卻流體的熱交換）就使致冷劑進一步冷卻（例如過冷卻）。舉例而言，冷凝器可包括額外複數個管（例如額外管束），額外複數個管安置於殼體內且被構形為使冷卻流體循環以使致冷劑進一步冷卻。遺憾的是，現有過冷卻器設計可能複雜及/或製造昂貴。現有過冷卻器設計亦可能需要使用增加量或位準之致冷劑。In general, condensers are configured to cool pressurized refrigerant by bringing the pressurized refrigerant into heat exchange relationship with a cooling fluid, such as air or water. For example, a condenser may have a shell or shell defining an interior volume configured to receive pressurized refrigerant from a compressor, and the condenser may include a plurality of tubes disposed within the interior volume of the shell ( such as tube bundles). The plurality of tubes is configured to circulate a cooling fluid, such as water, through the plurality of tubes to effectuate heat transfer from the pressurized refrigerant to the cooling fluid. In some embodiments, the condenser may include a subcooler (e.g., an integrated subcooler) configured so that once the refrigerant has condensed within the condenser (e.g., heat exchange of the cooling fluid) to further cool the refrigerant (eg, supercool). For example, the condenser may include an additional plurality of tubes (eg, an additional tube bundle) disposed within the shell and configured to circulate a cooling fluid to further cool the refrigerant. Unfortunately, existing subcooler designs can be complex and/or expensive to manufacture. Existing subcooler designs may also require the use of increased amounts or levels of refrigerant.
因此，本實施例係關於一種用於冷凝器之過冷卻器，其在製造及冷凝器中實施方面具成本效益，同時提供合意的操作效率。所揭示之系統及技術亦能夠使與包括冷凍器之蒸氣壓縮系統一起利用的致冷劑裝填量降低。舉例而言，根據本技術之過冷卻器包括安置於冷凝器之殼體內的管，管被分離成第一通路及第二通路（例如相對於致冷劑橫越或沿著管之流動）。亦即，過冷卻器之第一通路可包括第一管束（例如第一組管），且過冷卻器之第二通路可包括第二管束（例如第二組管）。過冷卻器之第一通路與第二通路至少部分地被安置於冷凝器之殼體內的分離板分隔，其中第一通路位於分離板上方，且第二通路位於分離板下方（例如相對於重力）。Accordingly, the present embodiments relate to a subcooler for a condenser that is cost effective in manufacture and implementation in the condenser while providing desirable operating efficiencies. The disclosed systems and techniques also enable a reduction in refrigerant charge utilized with vapor compression systems including refrigerators. For example, a subcooler according to the present technique includes tubes disposed within the shell of the condenser, the tubes being separated into a first passage and a second passage (eg relative to the flow of refrigerant across or along the tubes). That is, the first passage of the subcooler may include a first bundle of tubes (eg, a first set of tubes), and the second passage of the subcooler may include a second bundle of tubes (eg, a second set of tubes). The first passage and the second passage of the subcooler are at least partially separated by a separation plate disposed within the casing of the condenser, wherein the first passage is above the separation plate and the second passage is below the separation plate (eg with respect to gravity) .
過冷卻器之管（例如第一通路及第二通路或管子集）由冷凝器之管板（例如擋板）及/或由過冷卻器之擋板或管支撐件支撐於冷凝器之殼體內。換言之，過冷卻器之管可延伸通過管板及擋板中之一者或多者之孔或孔口，使得管懸置於殼體內。管板及擋板亦可包括未安置有過冷卻器之管的額外孔及孔口。因此，流動通過過冷卻器之致冷劑可流動通過管板及/或擋板之未被過冷卻器之管佔據的孔。以此方式，可增加致冷劑在管板及擋板處之局部流動速率，此促進了致冷劑與冷卻流體之間的額外熱轉移。可選擇擋板之數目及構形，以使冷凝器中之致冷劑體積達成期望的減小及/或使冷凝器中之致冷劑達成期望的壓降。本文所描述之過冷卻器構形之額外特徵在下文予以論述。The tubes of the subcooler (such as the first and second passages or tube sets) are supported within the shell of the condenser by the tube sheets of the condenser (such as baffles) and/or by the baffles or tube supports of the subcooler . In other words, the tubes of the subcooler may extend through holes or apertures in one or more of the tube sheet and baffle such that the tubes are suspended within the housing. The tube sheets and baffles may also include additional holes and orifices for the tubes that are not positioned with the subcooler. Thus, refrigerant flowing through the subcooler can flow through holes of the tube sheet and/or baffles not occupied by tubes of the subcooler. In this way, the local flow rate of the refrigerant at the tube sheets and baffles can be increased, which facilitates additional heat transfer between the refrigerant and the cooling fluid. The number and configuration of the baffles can be selected to achieve a desired reduction in refrigerant volume in the condenser and/or to achieve a desired pressure drop in the refrigerant in the condenser. Additional features of the subcooler configurations described herein are discussed below.
現在轉至附圖，圖1為用於建築物12中之供熱、通風、空調及致冷（HVAC&R）系統10之環境在典型商業背景下之實施例的透視圖。HVAC&R系統10可包括蒸氣壓縮系統14（例如冷凍器、蒸氣壓縮迴路、致冷劑迴路），該蒸氣壓縮系統供應可用於冷卻建築物12之經冷凍液體。HVAC&R系統10亦可包括用於供應溫熱液體以向建築物12供熱之鍋爐16，及使空氣循環通過建築物12之空氣分配系統。空氣分配系統亦可包括空氣返回管路18、空氣供應管路20及/或空氣調節器22。在一些實施例中，空氣調節器22可包括熱交換器，熱交換器由管道24連接至鍋爐16及蒸氣壓縮系統14。取決於HVAC&R系統10之操作模式，空氣調節器22中之熱交換器可自鍋爐16接納經加熱液體或自蒸氣壓縮系統14接納經冷凍液體。HVAC&R系統10被展示為在建築物12之每一樓面上具有單獨的空氣調節器22，但在其他實施例中，HVAC&R系統10可包括可在各樓面之間或當中共用之空氣調節器22及/或其他組件。Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an environment for a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R)
圖2及3繪示可用於HVAC&R系統10中之蒸氣壓縮系統14之實施例。具體而言，圖2展示蒸氣壓縮系統14之透視圖，且圖3展示蒸氣壓縮系統14之示意圖。蒸氣壓縮系統14可使致冷劑循環通過自壓縮機32開始之迴路。迴路亦可包括冷凝器34、膨脹閥或裝置36及蒸發器38。蒸氣壓縮系統14可進一步包括控制面板40，該控制面板具有類比至數位（A/D）轉換器42、微處理器44、非揮發性記憶體46及/或介面板48。2 and 3 illustrate an embodiment of a
可在蒸氣壓縮系統14中用作致冷劑之流體之一些實例為基於氫氟碳（HFC）之致冷劑，例如R-410A、R-407、R-134a、氫氟烯烴（HFO）、比如氨（NH
3）之「天然」致冷劑、R-717、二氧化碳（CO
2）、R-744，或基於烴之致冷劑、水蒸氣，或任何其他合適致冷劑。在一些實施例中，蒸氣壓縮系統14可被構形為高效地利用在一個大氣壓下具有約攝氏19度（華氏66度）之正常沸點的致冷劑，亦被稱為低壓致冷劑，此係相對於中壓致冷劑，諸如R-134a。如本文所使用，「正常沸點」可指在一個大氣壓下量測之沸點溫度。
Some examples of fluids that may be used as refrigerants in the
在一些實施例中，蒸氣壓縮系統14可使用變速驅動器（VSD）52、馬達50、壓縮機32、冷凝器34、膨脹閥或裝置36及/或蒸發器38中之一者或多者。馬達50可驅動壓縮機32且可由變速驅動器（VSD）52供電。VSD 52自交流（AC）電源接收具有特定固定線路電壓及固定線路頻率之AC電力，且向馬達50提供具有可變電壓及頻率之電力。在其他實施例中，馬達50可直接由AC或直流（DC）電源供電。馬達50可包括可由VSD供電或直接由AC或DC電源供電的任何類型之馬達，諸如開關磁阻馬達、感應馬達、電子換向永磁馬達，或另一合適馬達。In some embodiments,
壓縮機32壓縮致冷劑蒸氣且將蒸氣通過排出通路遞送至冷凝器34。在一些實施例中，壓縮機32可為離心壓縮機。被壓縮機32遞送至冷凝器34之致冷劑蒸氣可將熱轉移至冷凝器34中之冷卻流體（例如水或空氣）。致冷劑蒸氣可在冷凝器34中因與冷卻流體之熱轉移而冷凝成致冷劑液體。來自冷凝器34之液體致冷劑可通過膨脹裝置36流動至蒸發器38。在圖3之所繪示實施例中，冷凝器34為水冷式且包括連接至冷卻塔56之管束54，該冷卻塔向冷凝器34供應冷卻流體。
遞送至蒸發器38之液體致冷劑可自另一冷卻流體（例如調節流體）吸收熱，該另一冷卻流體可或可不為循環通過冷凝器34之相同冷卻流體。蒸發器38中之液體致冷劑可經歷自液體致冷劑至致冷劑蒸氣之相變。如圖3之所繪示實施例中所展示，蒸發器38可包括管束58，該管束具有連接至冷卻負載62之供應管線60S及返回管線60R。蒸發器38之冷卻流體（例如水、乙二醇、氯化鈣鹽水、氯化鈉鹽水，或任何其他合適流體）經由返回管線60R進入蒸發器38且經由供應管線60S離開蒸發器38。蒸發器38可經由與致冷劑之熱轉移而使管束58中之冷卻流體之溫度降低。蒸發器38中之管束58可包括複數個管及/或複數個管束。在任何情況下，蒸氣致冷劑皆離開蒸發器38且藉由吸入管線返回至壓縮機32以完成蒸氣壓縮系統14之循環。The liquid refrigerant delivered to
圖4為蒸氣壓縮系統14之示意圖，其中中間迴路64併入於冷凝器34與膨脹裝置36之間。中間迴路64可具有入口管線68，該入口管線直接流體連接至冷凝器34。在其他實施例中，入口管線68可間接流體耦接至冷凝器34。如圖4之所繪示實施例中所展示，入口管線68包括定位於中間容器70上游之第一膨脹裝置66。在一些實施例中，中間容器70可為瞬間蒸發槽（例如瞬間蒸發式中間冷卻器）。在其他實施例中，中間容器70可構形為熱交換器或「表面節熱器」。在圖4之所繪示實施例中，中間容器70用作瞬間蒸發槽，且第一膨脹裝置66被構形為使自冷凝器34接納之液體致冷劑之壓力降低（例如使該液體致冷劑膨脹）。在膨脹過程期間，液體之一部分可汽化，且因此，中間容器70可用於將蒸氣與自第一膨脹裝置66接納之液體分離。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the
另外，中間容器70可使液體致冷劑進一步膨脹，此係因為液體致冷劑在進入中間容器70時經歷壓降（例如歸因於當進入中間容器70時經歷體積之快速增加）。中間容器70中之蒸氣可由壓縮機32通過壓縮機32之吸入管線74抽吸。在其他實施例中，中間容器中之蒸氣可被抽吸至壓縮機32之中間級（例如不為吸入級）。收集於中間容器70中之液體的焓可低於離開冷凝器34之液體致冷劑的焓，此係歸因於膨脹裝置66及/或中間容器70中發生膨脹。來自中間容器70之液體接著可在管線72中通過第二膨脹裝置36流動至蒸發器38。Additionally, the intermediate vessel 70 may further expand the liquid cryogen as the liquid cryogen experiences a pressure drop upon entering the intermediate vessel 70 (eg, due to experiencing a rapid increase in volume upon entering the intermediate vessel 70). The vapor in the intermediate vessel 70 can be drawn by the
應瞭解，本文所描述之任一特徵可被併入蒸氣壓縮系統14或任何其他合適HVAC&R系統。如上文所提及，本揭示內容之實施例係關於可與蒸氣壓縮系統14之冷凝器34一起利用的過冷卻器。舉例而言，過冷卻器可整合於冷凝器34內。本文所揭示之過冷卻器之實施例可用具成本效益之組件及技術製成，同時提供合意位準之致冷劑過冷卻。舉例而言，根據本揭示內容之過冷卻器包括分隔成第一通路（例如第一組管）及第二通路（例如第二組管）之複數個管。第一通路及第二通路界定通過過冷卻器之致冷劑流動路徑之兩個部分（例如通路）。管之第一通路與第二通路至少部分地被分離板分隔。分離板導引及改良致冷劑沿著第一通路、自第一通路至第二通路及沿著第二通路通過冷凝器34（例如過冷卻器）之流動，以增強致冷劑在冷凝器34內之過冷卻。另外，冷凝器34及/或過冷卻器包括沿著第一通路及/或第二通路排列之擋板。擋板可包括孔或開口，孔或開口可用於支撐過冷卻器之管及/或調整（例如控制、修改等）致冷劑通過冷凝器34（例如過冷卻器）之流量，此可改良自冷卻流體至致冷劑之熱轉移。It should be appreciated that any of the features described herein may be incorporated into
考慮到前述內容，圖5為根據本揭示內容之範疇的具有過冷卻器100（例如過冷卻器配置、整合式過冷卻器等）之冷凝器34之實施例的橫截面側視示意圖。冷凝器34亦包括可安置有複數個管之殼體102，複數個管被構形為使冷卻流體（例如水）循環。殼體102界定內部容積且包括入口104，該入口被構形為自壓縮機32接納經加壓致冷劑（例如蒸氣致冷劑），如由箭頭106所指示。殼體102亦包括出口108，該出口被構形為將致冷劑（例如經冷卻、經冷凝致冷劑）朝向膨脹裝置36排出，如由箭頭110所指示。如所展示，入口104及出口108可大體上定位於沿著冷凝器34之長度111的中點處。With the foregoing in mind, FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a
在冷凝器34內，經加壓致冷劑經由與循環通過殼體102內所安置之複數個管之冷卻流體（例如水）的熱交換而冷卻及冷凝。舉例而言，冷凝器34可包括具有管束114（例如複數個管、一組管等）之冷凝段112，該管束沿著冷凝器34之長度111延伸且被構形為引導冷卻流體通過。具體而言，如由箭頭116所指示，來自冷卻流體源之冷卻流體被引導至冷凝器102之殼體102中，且冷卻流體之至少一部分可被引導通過冷凝段112之管束114。經加壓致冷劑在殼體102內被引導橫越（例如越過）管束114，且經由與流動通過管束114之冷卻流體的熱交換而冷凝。溫熱的冷卻流體自冷凝器34排出，如由箭頭118所指示，且可被引導回至冷卻流體源。Within
冷凝器34之過冷卻器100亦自冷卻流體源接納冷卻流體以與殼體102內之致冷劑進行熱交換。更具體而言，過冷卻器100可包括與冷凝段112之管束114分隔的一個或多個管束（例如多組管），且過冷卻器100之管束使冷卻流體循環通過以與致冷劑進行熱交換（例如在致冷劑與被引導通過冷凝段112之管束114的冷卻流體進行熱交換之後）。在所繪示實施例中，過冷卻器100包括第一通路120（例如開放式通路、第一致冷劑通路）及第二通路122（例如封閉式通路、第二致冷劑通路）。第一通路120包括第一管束124（例如第一組管），且第二通路122包括第二管束126（例如第二組管）。應注意，管束114、第一管束124及第二管束126係為了清晰起見而示意性地繪示，且應理解，管束114、第一管束124及第二管束126中之每一者包括複數個管，複數個管延伸通過殼體102且被構形為引導各別冷卻流體流通過。The
類似於冷凝段112之管束114，過冷卻器100之第一管束124及第二管束126亦沿著冷凝器34之長度111延伸且被構形為引導冷卻流體通過。應注意，雖然所繪示實施例包括在冷卻流體通過冷凝器34之單遍次中引導冷卻流體通過冷凝器34的管束114、124及126，但冷凝器34之其他實施例可包括被構形為（例如個別地、協作地）沿著冷凝器34之多遍次引導冷卻流體的管束。換言之，冷凝段112、第一通路120及/或第二通路122之管束可個別地或協作地沿著冷凝器34之長度111引導冷卻流體達多次（例如多遍次），而非沿著冷凝器34之長度111引導冷卻流體大單次（例如單遍次），如在所繪示實施例中。Similar to
如所展示，過冷卻器100之第一通路120及第二通路122至少部分地被安置於殼體102內之分離板128分離。分離板128可為實心板（例如金屬板），其沿著冷凝器34之長度111延伸且至少部分地界定殼體102內之致冷劑沿著第一通路120、自第一通路120至第二通路122及沿著第二通路122至冷凝器34之出口108的流動路徑。換言之，相對於致冷劑通過冷凝器34之流動方向，第一通路120安置於冷凝段112下游，且第二通路122安置於第一通路120下游。舉例而言，來自冷凝段112之經冷凝致冷劑可行進至過冷卻器100之第一通路120，如由箭頭130所指示。經冷凝致冷劑接著可與分離板128接觸且經引導以沿著第一通路120（例如沿著第一管束124）朝向冷凝器34之軸向或縱向端131流動，如由箭頭132所指示。隨著致冷劑沿著第一通路120及分離板128流動，致冷劑之溫度可經由與流動通過第一管束124之冷卻流體的熱交換而進一步降低（例如過冷卻）。As shown, the
在分離板128之縱向端133，致冷劑可流動至過冷卻器100之第二通路122，如由箭頭134所指示。換言之，分離板128可不沿著冷凝器34之整個長度111延伸，使得分離板128之縱向端133自冷凝器34之縱向端（例如殼體102）偏移。以此方式，冷凝器34（例如過冷卻器100）能夠使致冷劑在冷凝器34之縱向端131附近自第一通路120流動至第二通路122。此後，致冷劑可流動通過第二通路122且沿著第二管束126（例如分離板128與殼體102之間）流動，如由箭頭136所指示，直至致冷劑到達出口108（例如在冷凝器34之長度111之中點處或附近）且自冷凝器34排出。隨著致冷劑流動通過第二通路122，致冷劑可經由與流動通過第二管束126之冷卻流體的熱交換而進一步冷卻（例如過冷卻）。At the
如上文所提及，過冷卻器100之第一通路120安置於分離板128上方（例如相對於重力）。因此，第一通路120為「開放式」且曝露於冷凝段112。換言之，致冷劑自冷凝段112至第一通路120之流動路徑為「開放式」，使得致冷劑通常可自由地且暢通無阻地自冷凝段112流動至第一通路120。因此，第一通路120（例如第一管束124）可經由重力自（例如直接自）冷凝段112接納致冷劑。在一些實施例中，可選擇或控制冷凝器34之致冷劑裝填量或位準，使得自第一通路120流動至第二通路122之致冷劑為完全或實質上完全冷凝的液體。以此方式，第二管束126之所有管可浸沒於液體致冷劑中，此可歸因於在第二通路122中液體致冷劑與第二管束126之每一管之間的接觸增加而改良液體致冷劑之過冷卻。As mentioned above, the
在一些實施例中，第一管束124之至少一部分亦可浸沒於經冷凝（例如液體）致冷劑，該致冷劑沿著第一通路120流動，藉此進一步改良致冷劑在冷凝器34內之過冷卻。第一管束124中之管數目可基於冷凝器34內之期望或預期致冷劑體積及/或由冷凝器34向致冷劑提供之過冷卻量進行選擇。在一些實施例中，第二通路122之第二管束126中之管數目可基於冷凝器34中（例如第二通路122中）之致冷劑壓降之期望量進行選擇。另外，在特定實施例中，第一管束124之管及/或第二管束126之管可為「裸」管（例如無翅片之管）。在一些實施例中，第一通路120與冷凝段112之間可存在極小空間或實質上無空間（例如在圖5之大體上豎直方向上），以便減小冷凝器34之總尺寸（例如提供管束114與第一管束124之較緊湊配置）。換言之，與具有過冷卻器之傳統冷凝器相比，冷凝段112之管束114可比第一通路120之第一管束124更靠近地定位。第一通路120與冷凝段112之間的空間量可另外或替代地基於致冷劑裝填量及/或針對冷凝器34所選擇之致冷劑位準。In some embodiments, at least a portion of the
另外，本文所揭示之過冷卻器100之實施例被構形為以具成本效益之方式製成。舉例而言，過冷卻器100之組件可相對便宜地生產及/或可以降低的複雜度組裝而成。如先前所論述，過冷卻器100包括第一管束124、第二管束126，及其間安置之分離板128。與過冷卻器100一起利用之額外組件包括冷凝器34之管板138。將瞭解，管板138被構形為支撐冷凝段112之管束114之管，使得管束114懸置於冷凝器34之殼體102內（例如位於過冷卻器100上方）。更具體而言，管板138沿著冷凝器36之長度111排列或隔開，且包括管束114之管延伸通過的孔或孔口。管板138亦可經由管板138之孔或孔口支撐過冷卻器100之第一管束124及/或第二管束126之管。管板138可進一步包括不支撐過冷卻器100之第一管束124及/或第二管束126之管的額外孔或孔口。亦即，管板138可具有一個或多個孔或孔口，該一個或多個孔或孔口沿著過冷卻器100之第一通路120及/或第二通路122安置，但未被過冷卻器100之第一管束124及/或第二管束126之管佔據。代替地，管板138之未佔據孔可用於改良致冷劑沿著第一通路120及/或第二通路122之流動，例如藉由提高致冷劑之局部速度、改良致冷劑在過冷卻器100內之縱向流動（例如沿著方向132及/或134）及/或減少致冷劑在冷凝器34（例如過冷卻器100）中之壓力損失。Additionally, embodiments of the
過冷卻器100亦包括沿著冷凝器34之長度111排列的擋板140（例如管支撐件）。如所展示，擋板140沿著冷凝器34之長度111排列且可與管板138以交替配置而定位（例如沿著長度111）。擋板140被構形為支撐第一管束124之管及/或第二管束126之管。舉例而言，每一擋板140可支撐第一管束124中之大約一半的管、第二管束126中之一半的管，或此兩者。擋板140亦可被構形為在冷凝器34中提高致冷劑之局部速度及/或減少致冷劑之壓力損失。具體而言，如上文類似地所描述，擋板140包括可支撐第一管束124或第二管束126之一個管的孔或孔口。擋板140亦可包括未被第一管束124或第二管束126之管佔據的孔或孔口，且該等孔或孔口代替地用於改良致冷劑通過過冷卻器100之流動，諸如藉由提高致冷劑之局部速度及/或藉由改良致冷劑縱向地沿著冷凝器34之長度111之流動。在一些實施例中，可選擇過冷卻器100中所包括之擋板140之數目，以使致冷劑在第一通路120、第二通路122或此兩者中達成期望的壓降。擋板140之額外細節在下文予以描述。The
圖6為具有過冷卻器100之冷凝器34之實施例的橫截面側視示意圖。圖6中所繪示之實施例包括與圖5中所展示之實施例類似的元件及元件編號。另外，冷凝器34（例如過冷卻器100）之所繪示實施例包括安置於冷凝器34之縱向端131處的終端板150（例如端片、四分之一板片等）。在一些實施例中，終端板150可耦接至殼體102之軸向端（例如軸向端表面、軸向終端板等）152，但在其他實施例中，終端板150可自軸向端152偏移。終端板150自殼體102之軸向端152且沿著冷凝器之長度111朝向冷凝器34之中心延伸。在一些實施例中，終端板150可改良冷凝器34之韌性及/或結構剛性。終端板150通常安置於過冷卻器100之第一通路120（例如第一管束124）上方（例如相對於重力）。終端板150亦可安置於冷凝段112（例如管束114）下方（例如相對於重力）。舉例而言，如圖6中所展示，每一終端板150自一個軸向端152延伸至冷凝器34之一個管板138及/或可與一個管板138鄰接。然而，在其他實施例中，終端板150可不與管板138接觸或鄰接。FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a
終端板150可進一步改良流動通過過冷卻器100（例如沿著第一通路120）之致冷劑之過冷卻。舉例而言，終端板150能夠使經過冷卻或經部分過冷卻致冷劑流與未過冷卻之致冷劑流分離，諸如藉由限制未過冷卻之致冷劑朝向分離板128之端（例如縱向端133）的流動。以此方式，可使第一管束124之軸向端更完全地被致冷劑浸沒，此進一步改良致冷劑之過冷卻。舉例而言，致冷劑可橫越或越過冷凝段112之管束114流動且可朝向過冷卻器100之第一通路120之第一管束124流動。雖然一些致冷劑可自冷凝段112流動以接觸分離板128（例如直接自冷凝段112流動至第一通路120），但一些致冷劑（例如靠近冷凝器34之縱向端131）可自冷凝段112流動以接觸一個終端板150。終端板150可將致冷劑引導朝向冷凝器34之長度111之中心，使得接著將致冷劑引導至分離板128上且引導至過冷卻器100之第一通路120中而遠離冷凝器34之縱向端131。此後，致冷劑可沿著第一通路120流動（例如在方向132上，在終端板150與分離板128之間）。以此方式，終端板150可在冷凝器34之縱向端131處阻止致冷劑（例如未過冷卻之致冷劑）繞過或實質上繞過過冷卻器100之第一通路120，此可進一步改良致冷劑之過冷卻（例如經由過冷卻器100之第一通路120）。終端板150亦可實現致冷劑橫越或沿著冷凝器34之長度111之流動的更均勻分佈。The
圖7為具有過冷卻器100之冷凝器34之實施例的部分透視圖。在所繪示實施例中，冷凝器34之殼體102出於清晰之目的而未展示。如上文所描述，冷凝器34之管板138支撐冷凝段112之管束114之管。管板138亦可支撐過冷卻器100之第一通路120之第一管束124之管。舉例而言，每一管板138包括具有孔162（例如開口、孔口）之主要部分160，該主要部分被構形為在冷凝段112中支撐管束114之各別管。管板138亦包括自主要部分160朝向分離板128延伸之擋板部分164。擋板部分164亦包括孔166（例如開口、孔口）。每一孔166可支撐第一管束124中之一個管，或可保持未被管佔據且可代替地以上述方式調整致冷劑沿著過冷卻器100之第一通路120之流動。每一管板138亦包括基底延伸部168，該基底延伸部可延伸至過冷卻器100之第二通路122且沿著該第二通路安置。舉例而言，基底延伸部168可延伸通過過冷卻器100之基底部分（例如溝槽）170，諸如通過基底部分170中所形成之狹槽。如下文進一步論述之圖8及9所展示，基底延伸部168亦包括被構形為容納及支撐第二管束126之管的孔或孔口。然而，基底延伸部168之一些孔或孔口可保持未被佔據且可代替地用於以上述方式調整致冷劑沿著第二通路122之流動。FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of a
所繪示實施例亦展示過冷卻器100之擋板140。擋板140部分地沿著過冷卻器100之第一通路120安置且部分地沿著過冷卻器100之第二通路122安置。亦即，擋板140部分地延伸於第一通路120及第二通路122內。為此目的，擋板140延伸通過過冷卻器100之分離板128，諸如通過分離板128中所形成之狹槽。舉例而言，每一擋板140包括擋板延伸部172，該等擋板延伸部延伸通過分離板128且延伸至過冷卻器100之第一通路120中。每一擋板延伸部172包括孔174（例如開口、孔口），該等孔可容納第一管束124之管或可保持未被佔據，以便調整致冷劑沿著第一通路120之流動，諸如藉由提高流動通過第一通路120之致冷劑之局部速度。擋板140亦包括沿著過冷卻器之第二通路122安置的基底部分，其在下文參考圖8及9予以進一步論述。The depicted embodiment also shows
在特定實施例中，管板138、擋板140、分離板128及/或基底部分170可固定至冷凝器34之殼體102及/或可彼此固定。舉例而言，管板138、擋板140、分離板128及/或基底部分170中之一者或多者可經由焊接、銅焊、黏著劑或其他合適機械緊固技術固定至殼體102。管板138、擋板140、分離板128及/或基底部分170中之每一者可由諸如金屬薄板之任何合適材料形成，以包括期望的幾何結構或其他特徵（例如孔162、166）。在一些實施例中，可利用切割、成型、衝壓、彎曲或其他製程來形成管板138、擋板140、分離板128及/或基底部分170。In particular embodiments,
圖8為包括過冷卻器100之冷凝器34之實施例的橫截面軸向視圖，其繪示沿著過冷卻器100之第一通路120及第二通路122安置之一個管板138及一個擋板140的配置。管板138之擋板部分164及擋板140之擋板延伸部172安置於過冷卻器100之第一通路120內及/或沿著過冷卻器100之第一通路120安置。詳言之，擋板部分164及擋板延伸部172係相對於冷凝器34之寬度180以交替配置而排列。擋板部分164之孔166及擋板延伸部172之孔174可支撐第一管束124之管或保持未被佔據以用於調整致冷劑沿著第一通路120之流動。在特定實施例中，一些孔166及174可容納及支撐第一管束124之管，而其他孔166及174可保持未被管佔據。在其他實施例中，擋板140可不包括安置於第一通路120內之擋板延伸部172。代替地，第一通路120內之第一管束124可由管板138之擋板部分164支撐，且致冷劑通過第一通路120之流動可經由相鄰擋板部分164之間形成之空間（例如而非經由未佔據之孔166及/或174）加以控制或調整。8 is a cross-sectional axial view of an embodiment of a
可選擇安置於孔166及174內之管之數目、孔166及174之數目及/或孔166及174之形狀，以達成冷凝器34之一種或多種期望操作參數，諸如冷凝器34內之目標致冷劑液體體積、冷凝器34內之目標致冷劑裝填量、致冷劑之目標過冷卻量、致冷劑之目標壓力損失、另一目標操作參數或其任何組合。實際上，第一管束124可包括任何合適數目個管，擋板部分164及擋板延伸部172可分別包括任何合適數目個被佔據及未佔據之孔166及174，且孔166及174可具有任何合適形狀。在一些實施例中，容納及支撐第一管束124之管的孔166及174可具有第一形狀，且保持未被第一管束124之管佔據的孔166及174可具有不同於第一形狀之第二形狀。舉例而言，保持未被管佔據且用於調整致冷劑沿著第一通路120之流動之孔166及174的形狀可具有經選擇以能夠隨著引導致冷劑流通過未佔據之孔166及174而對致冷劑流進行期望調整的形狀。另外，在一些實施例中，可選擇擋板部分164及擋板延伸部172之形狀，以使擋板部分164與擋板延伸部172相對於彼此能夠達成期望的配置及/或使第一管束124之管能夠達成期望的配置（例如第一管束124在冷凝器34內之期望位置或高度、第一管束124之管相對於彼此之期望間距、相鄰擋板部分164與擋板延伸部172之間的期望間距等）。舉例而言，擋板部分164及擋板延伸部172可被設計及構形為將第一管束124配置於冷凝器34內相對於現有設計較低的高度處。以此方式，可減小冷凝器34（例如過冷卻器100）之液體「死」體積。The number of tubes disposed within
過冷卻器100之第二通路122之構形可基於類似考慮進行選擇。在所繪示實施例中，擋板140包括基底部分190，該基底部分被構形為容納第二通路122之第二管束126之第一列管。管板138之安置於第二通路122內之基底延伸部168被構形為容納第二管束126之第二列管。如上文所提及，基底延伸部168可經由過冷卻器100之基底部分170中所形成之狹槽延伸至第二通路122中。基底部分170及分離板128可被配置（例如彼此耦接）成界定容積或通道，該容積或通道中安置有第二管束126，且通過該容積或通道，致冷劑可流動通過過冷卻器100之第二通路122。為了使致冷劑能夠自第二通路122及自冷凝器34排出，過冷卻器100之基底部分170中可在冷凝器34之出口108附近（例如在沿著冷凝器34之長度111之中點附近）形成有開口或孔。The configuration of the
擋板140之基底部分190可包括被第二管束126之管佔據的任何合適數目個孔192（例如開口、孔口）及未被管佔據的任何合適數目個孔192。類似地，管板138之基底延伸部168可包括被第二管束126之管佔據的任何合適數目個孔194（例如開口、孔口）及未被管佔據的任何合適數目個孔194。基於上文所論述之因素及設計考慮，孔192及194可具有任何合適形狀。
圖9為包括過冷卻器100之冷凝器34之實施例的橫截面軸向視圖，其繪示沿著過冷卻器100之第一通路120及第二通路122安置之管板138及擋板140的另一配置。圖9之實施例包括與圖8中所展示之實施例類似的元件及元件編號。管板138之擋板部分164及擋板140之擋板延伸部172安置於過冷卻器100之第一通路120內及/或沿著過冷卻器100之第一通路120安置，且擋板140之基底部分190及管板138之基底延伸部168安置於第二通路122內及/或沿著第二通路122安置。在所繪示實施例中，管板138之擋板部分164及擋板140之擋板延伸部172亦相對於冷凝器34之寬度180以交替配置而安置。在圖8之所繪示實施例中，擋板部分164包括以交錯或偏移配置（例如等間距配置）而配置之孔166，且擋板延伸部172包括以交錯或偏移配置而配置之孔174。在圖9之所繪示實施例中，每一擋板部分164之孔166及每一擋板延伸部172之孔174係以線性（例如豎直）配置而配置。實際上，在圖9之所繪示實施例中，擋板部分164及擋板延伸部172各自具有大體上豎直或線性構形，且擋板部分164及擋板延伸部172沿著冷凝器180之寬度180交替地配置。在其他實施例中，擋板部分164及擋板延伸部172可各自相對於豎直軸線成角度地延伸。9 is a cross-sectional axial view of an embodiment of a
本文所描述之過冷卻器實施例及構形可以具成本效益之方式製造、組裝及以其他方式生產，同時能夠使致冷劑在冷凝器中達成合意的過冷卻。舉例而言，管板、擋板、分離板及其他組件可容易由諸如金屬薄板之材料製成且其組裝可比現有過冷卻器設計更方便且高效，同時仍能夠使致冷劑在冷凝器中高效地達成過冷卻。如上文所描述，過冷卻器包括被構形為自冷凝段接納致冷劑之第一通路及被構形為自第一通路接納致冷劑之第二通路。管板與擋板之配置能夠改良致冷劑通過第一通路及第二通路之流動，同時亦能夠改良其中之致冷劑之過冷卻。以上述方式，本文所揭示之過冷卻器構形能夠使冷凝器內之致冷劑裝填量減少且經由增加冷卻流體管與冷凝器及過冷卻器內之冷凝液體致冷劑之間的接觸來改良過冷卻。The subcooler embodiments and configurations described herein can be fabricated, assembled, and otherwise produced in a cost-effective manner while enabling desirable subcooling of the refrigerant in the condenser. For example, tube sheets, baffles, separator plates, and other components can be easily fabricated from materials such as sheet metal and can be assembled more easily and efficiently than existing subcooler designs while still allowing refrigerant to flow in the condenser Supercooling is achieved efficiently. As described above, the subcooler includes a first passage configured to receive refrigerant from the condensation section and a second passage configured to receive refrigerant from the first passage. The arrangement of the tube plate and the baffle can improve the flow of the refrigerant through the first passage and the second passage, and can also improve the subcooling of the refrigerant therein. In the manner described above, the subcooler configurations disclosed herein enable a reduction in the refrigerant charge in the condenser and increase the contact between the cooling fluid tubes and the condensed liquid refrigerant in the condenser and subcooler. Improved supercooling.
雖然僅繪示及描述了特定特徵及實施例，但熟習此項技術者可想到多種修改及變化，諸如各種元件之尺寸、維度、結構、形狀及比例、諸如溫度及壓力之參數值、安裝配置、材料使用、顏色、定向等之變化，而實質上不脫離申請專利範圍中所敍述之主題的新穎教示及優點。任何製程或方法步驟之次序或順序可根據替代實施例而改變或再定序。因此，應理解，隨附申請專利範圍意欲覆蓋屬於本揭示內容之真實精神內的所有此類修改及變化。Although only specific features and embodiments have been shown and described, many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art, such as size, dimension, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, values of parameters such as temperature and pressure, mounting configurations , material usage, color, orientation, etc., without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the claims. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.
另外，為了努力提供例示性實施例之簡明描述，可能未描述實際實施方案之所有特徵，諸如與當前設想之最佳模式無關的彼等特徵或與實現無關的彼等特徵。應瞭解，在開發任何此類實際實施方案時，如任何工程或設計專案中，可作出眾多實施方案特定決策。此類開發努力可能複雜且耗時，但對於受益於本揭示內容之一般技術者而言，仍屬設計、加工及製造之常規任務，而無需過度實驗。Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described, such as those that are not related to the best mode currently contemplated or those that are not relevant to an implementation. It should be appreciated that in developing any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would still be a routine task of design, fabrication, and manufacture without undue experimentation for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of the present disclosure.
本文所呈現及主張之技術係參考且適用於具有實用性質之實物及具體實例，其明確地改良了本技術領域且因而並非抽象、無形或純理論的。另外，若本說明書結尾隨附的任何請求項含有被指定為「用於[執行]……[功能]之構件」或「用於[執行]……[功能]之步驟」的一個或多個元件，則希望此類元件根據35 U.S.C. 112(f)予以解譯。然而，對於含有以任何其他方式指定之元件的任何請求項，希望此類元件不根據35 U.S.C. 112(f)予以解譯。The techniques presented and claimed herein refer to and apply to real objects and specific examples of a practical nature, which definitely improve the state of the art and are thus not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. In addition, if any claim appended at the end of this specification contains one or more items designated as "means for [performing] ... [function]" or "steps for [performing] ... [function]" elements, such elements are expected to be construed under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claim containing elements specified in any other manner, it is desirable that such elements not be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).
10:供熱、通風、空調及致冷（HVAC&R）系統 12:建築物 14:蒸氣壓縮系統 16:鍋爐 18:空氣返回管路 20:空氣供應管路 22:空氣調節器 24:管道 32:壓縮機 34:冷凝器 36:膨脹閥或裝置 38:蒸發器 40:控制面板 42:類比至數位（A/D）轉換器 44:微處理器 46:非揮發性記憶體 48:介面板 50:馬達 52:變速驅動器（VSD） 54:管束 56:冷卻塔 58:管束 60R:返回管線 60S:供應管線 62:冷卻負載 64:中間迴路 66:第一膨脹裝置 68:入口管線 70:中間容器 72:管線 74:吸入管線 100:過冷卻器 102:殼體 104:入口 106:箭頭 108:出口 110:箭頭 111:長度 112:冷凝段 114:管束 116:箭頭 118:箭頭 120:第一通路 122:第二通路 124:第一管束 126:第二管束 128:分離板 130:箭頭 131:軸向或縱向端 132:箭頭 133:縱向端 134:箭頭 136:箭頭 138:管板 140:擋板 150:終端板 152:軸向端 160:主要部分 162:孔 164:擋板部分 166:孔 168:基底延伸部 170:基底部分 172:擋板延伸部 174:孔 180:寬度 190:基底部分 192:孔 194:孔 10: Heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) system 12: Buildings 14: Vapor Compression System 16: Boiler 18: Air return line 20: Air supply line 22: Air conditioner 24: pipeline 32: Compressor 34: Condenser 36: Expansion valve or device 38: Evaporator 40: Control panel 42: Analog to digital (A/D) converter 44: Microprocessor 46: Non-volatile memory 48:Interface board 50: motor 52:Variable Speed Drive (VSD) 54: tube bundle 56: cooling tower 58: tube bundle 60R: return line 60S: supply line 62: cooling load 64: intermediate circuit 66: The first expansion device 68: Inlet pipeline 70: intermediate container 72: pipeline 74: suction line 100: subcooler 102: Shell 104: Entrance 106: Arrow 108: Export 110: Arrow 111: Length 112: condensation section 114: tube bundle 116: Arrow 118: Arrow 120: The first channel 122:Second access 124: The first tube bundle 126: Second tube bundle 128: Separation board 130: Arrow 131: axial or longitudinal end 132: Arrow 133: Longitudinal end 134: Arrow 136: Arrow 138: tube sheet 140: Baffle 150: terminal board 152: axial end 160: main part 162: hole 164: Baffle part 166: hole 168: base extension 170: base part 172: Baffle extension 174: hole 180: width 190: base part 192: hole 194: hole
在閱讀以下實施方式且參考附圖後，就可更好地理解本揭示內容之各種範疇，在附圖中：The various scopes of this disclosure may be better understood after reading the following description and referring to the accompanying drawings, in which:
圖1為根據本揭示內容之範疇的建築物之實施例的透視圖，該建築物可在商業背景下利用供熱、通風、空調及致冷（HVAC&R）系統；1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a building that can utilize heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems in a commercial setting in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure;
圖2為根據本揭示內容之範疇的蒸氣壓縮系統之實施例的透視圖；2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a vapor compression system in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure;
圖3為根據本揭示內容之範疇的圖2之蒸氣壓縮系統之實施例的示意圖；3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the vapor compression system of FIG. 2 in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure;
圖4為根據本揭示內容之範疇的圖2之蒸氣壓縮系統之實施例的示意圖；4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the vapor compression system of FIG. 2 in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure;
圖5為根據本揭示內容之範疇的具有過冷卻器之冷凝器之實施例的橫截面側視示意圖；5 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a condenser with a subcooler in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure;
圖6為根據本揭示內容之範疇的具有過冷卻器之冷凝器之實施例的橫截面側視示意圖；6 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a condenser with a subcooler in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure;
圖7為根據本揭示內容之範疇的具有過冷卻器之冷凝器之實施例的部分透視圖；7 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of a condenser with a subcooler in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure;
圖8為根據本揭示內容之範疇的具有過冷卻器之冷凝器之實施例的橫截面軸向視圖；且8 is a cross-sectional axial view of an embodiment of a condenser with a subcooler in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure; and
圖9為根據本揭示內容之範疇的具有過冷卻器之冷凝器之實施例的橫截面軸向視圖。9 is a cross-sectional axial view of an embodiment of a condenser with a subcooler in accordance with the scope of the present disclosure.
14:蒸氣壓縮系統 14: Vapor Compression System
32:壓縮機 32: Compressor
34:冷凝器 34: Condenser
38:蒸發器 38: Evaporator
40:控制面板 40: Control panel
50:馬達 50: motor
52:變速驅動器(VSD) 52: Variable Speed Drive (VSD)
60R:返回管線 60R: return line
60S:供應管線 60S: supply line
Claims (20)
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| US202163136082P | 2021-01-11 | 2021-01-11 | |
| US63/136,082 | 2021-01-11 |
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| TW202238050A true TW202238050A (en) | 2022-10-01 |
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| TW111101162A TW202238050A (en) | 2021-01-11 | 2022-01-11 | Condenser subcooler for a chiller |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240060693A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP4275004A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN117063029A (en) |
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| US5509466A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-04-23 | York International Corporation | Condenser with drainage member for reducing the volume of liquid in the reservoir |
| US9857109B2 (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2018-01-02 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Heat exchanger |
| WO2009089503A2 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2009-07-16 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Vapor compression system |
| US20170176066A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Condenser with external subcooler |
| CN210035963U (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-02-07 | 江森自控日立万宝空调(广州)有限公司 | Spray type gas-liquid separator |
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- 2022-01-11 WO PCT/US2022/012005 patent/WO2022150774A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-01-11 CN CN202280019951.6A patent/CN117063029A/en active Pending
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| WO2022150774A1 (en) | 2022-07-14 |
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