TW202226651A - Safely ingestible batteries t hat rapidly deactivate in biological environments and methods of making same - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
相關申請案之交互參照Cross-referencing of related applications
本申請案主張2020年8月26日提交之美國臨時申請案第63/070,623號之優先權權益，該申請案出於任何目的以引用方式整體併入本文中。This application claims the benefit of priority from US Provisional Application No. 63/070,623, filed August 26, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for any purpose.
本揭露總體係針對電池，且更特定而言，諸如被意外吞下時在生物導電水性環境中具有降低的食道及/或胃腸道損害之風險或微量允許風險的電池。The general system of the present disclosure is directed to batteries, and more particularly batteries such as batteries that have a reduced risk of esophageal and/or gastrointestinal damage or a micro-permissible risk in a bioconductive aqueous environment when accidentally swallowed.
每年售出數十億的電池來給電子裝置供電，該等電子裝置包括例如遙控裝置、手電筒、攝影機、汽車遙控鑰匙、計算器、天平、音樂賀卡、血糖儀、手錶、溫度計、虛擬寵物裝置、助聽器、雷射指示器、遊戲機、玩具、物聯網裝置及類似者。不幸的是，兒童、寵物及老年人由於其廣泛存在於家庭及整個社會中而面臨攝入電池之風險。Billions of batteries are sold each year to power electronic devices including, for example, remote controls, flashlights, cameras, car key fobs, calculators, balances, music cards, blood glucose meters, watches, thermometers, virtual pet devices, Hearing aids, laser pointers, game consoles, toys, IoT devices and the like. Unfortunately, children, pets and the elderly are at risk of ingesting batteries due to their widespread presence in households and society as a whole.
電池之攝入引起災難性損傷。胃腸道(Gastrointestinal，GI)梗阻是因攝入任何異物造成的風險。然而，由於電池在GI道中放電時引起組織損害，因此電池攝入遠比攝入同等大小物件諸如硬幣嚴重得多。導電GI流體中的電流可引起電解並產生氫氧根離子，從而在消化道中造成長期組織損害。因所攝入電池造成的損害引起急性損傷，包括食道穿孔及其他GI穿孔、氣管食道瘺管、心房食道瘺管、食道狹小、食道狹窄、化學灼傷及聲帶麻痹。此等損傷可能引起永久性的、改變生命的損害及甚至死亡。案例研究表明，人類在攝入電池之後五小時就可能發生GI穿孔。在寵物中，甚至更加迅速地發生嚴重的GI損害，據報道，狗在攝入之後一小時內而貓則在二至四小時內發生透壁性食道壞死。Ingestion of batteries can cause catastrophic damage. Gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction is a risk from ingesting any foreign body. However, battery ingestion is far more severe than ingestion of similarly sized objects such as coins, due to the tissue damage the battery causes when it is discharged in the GI tract. Electric current in conductive GI fluid can cause electrolysis and produce hydroxide ions, causing long-term tissue damage in the digestive tract. Acute injury due to damage from ingested batteries, including esophageal and other GI perforations, tracheoesophageal fistulas, atrial oesophageal fistulas, esophageal strictures, esophageal strictures, chemical burns, and vocal cord paralysis. Such injuries can cause permanent, life-altering damage and even death. Case studies have shown that GI perforation can occur in humans five hours after ingestion of batteries. In pets, severe GI damage occurs even more rapidly, with transmural esophageal necrosis reported within one hour of ingestion in dogs and within two to four hours in cats.
可能不太常見但依舊令人擔憂的是，電池卡在身體之耳朵、耳道及鼻腔中時導致的彼等區域中的損傷。Perhaps less common, but still worrisome, is the damage in the body's ears, ear canals, and nasal passages when batteries get stuck in those areas.
隨著製造商創造更小外殼中的更強勁且能量更密集的電池，電池攝入及損傷正在增長。電池電力之增加導致因電池攝入造成的損傷及死亡率嚴重度之相應增加。儘管安全標準現在對玩具中的鎖定電池隔艙進行規定，但對電池本身之設計幾乎沒有採取措施來使電池更安全。實際上，甚至在電池中引入防破壞包裝及鎖定電池隔艙之後，電池攝入相關損傷之發生率亦在持續增長，如第1圖所展示。Battery intake and damage is growing as manufacturers create more powerful and energy-dense batteries in smaller housings. The increase in battery power results in a corresponding increase in the severity of injury and mortality due to battery ingestion. While safety standards now mandate locking battery compartments in toys, little has been done to make the batteries themselves safer by design. In fact, even after the introduction of tamper-resistant packaging and locking battery compartments in batteries, the incidence of battery ingestion-related injuries continued to increase, as shown in Figure 1.
已作出許多嘗試來減輕因電池攝入引起的問題。然而，目前不存在於生物環境中迅速鈍化的安全可攝入電池。Many attempts have been made to mitigate the problems caused by battery intake. However, no safe ingestible batteries that are rapidly passivated in biological environments currently exist.
美國專利5,069,989中所反映的一些初始工作係以酸性胃液將電池外殼腐蝕至鹼性電解質實際上自單元洩漏出並引起組織損害的程度之理論為前提。所提出之解決方案係應該是抗酸性腐蝕的鉻基不鏽鋼合金；然而，後續經驗(如第1圖所展示的人均主要或致命結果之穩定增加所證明及發明者自己的觀察所證實)表明此理論及/或該解決方案本身是無效的。亦已知，卡在食道中的所攝入電池在曝露於胃液之前引起損傷。Some of the initial work reflected in US Patent 5,069,989 was premised on the theory that acidic gastric juices corroded the battery casing to the point where the alkaline electrolyte actually leaked out of the cell and caused tissue damage. The proposed solution should be a chromium-based stainless steel alloy that is resistant to acid corrosion; however, subsequent experience (as evidenced by the steady increase in primary or fatal outcomes per capita shown in Figure 1 and by the inventors' own observations) suggests this. The theory and/or the solution itself is invalid. It is also known that ingested batteries stuck in the esophagus cause damage prior to exposure to gastric juices.
最近的調查確定水解係引起損傷的一個原因。具體而言，當鈕扣單元卡在食道中時，單元周圍的水性生物流體形成閉合電路，該閉合電路使單元放電，從而允許電解電流流動。在單元外殼之表面上或附近產生的反應導致藉由水解形成氫氧根離子，這引起鹼性灼傷及潛在地食道中的組織穿孔。Recent investigations have identified a cause of damage caused by hydrolysis. Specifically, when the button cell gets stuck in the esophagus, the aqueous biological fluid surrounding the cell forms a closed circuit that discharges the cell, allowing electrolytic current to flow. Reactions generated on or near the surface of the cell shell result in the formation of hydroxide ions by hydrolysis, which causes alkaline burns and potential tissue perforation in the esophagus.
隨著pH增長至不安全的水準，曝露於電解電流可能對組織具有十分大的損害性。在一些情況下，所攝入電池引起衰竭性損傷且甚至導致致命事件。一種所提出之解決方案構建具有聚合物熔斷器型機構的電池單元。美國專利9,130,200揭示用與體液接觸時分解的聚合物熔斷器塗佈陽極。美國專利10,763,486揭示使用包含曝露於水溶液時溶解、軟化或膨脹的電絕緣材料的「間隔物」，其中該間隔物經組態以在發生此類變化時對電池解除電子耦接。不幸的是，此等所提出之解決方案沒有解決使單元迅速鈍化的需要且不是商業上可行的，因為該等解決方案向具有預定大小的電池中引入不活性材料，從而減少電池之體積容量。Exposure to electrolytic currents can be quite damaging to tissue as pH increases to unsafe levels. In some cases, ingested batteries cause debilitating injuries and even fatal events. One proposed solution builds a battery cell with a polymer fuse-type mechanism. US Patent 9,130,200 discloses coating an anode with a polymer fuse that decomposes on contact with body fluids. US Patent 10,763,486 discloses the use of a "spacer" comprising an electrically insulating material that dissolves, softens or swells when exposed to an aqueous solution, wherein the spacer is configured to electronically decouple the cell when such changes occur. Unfortunately, these proposed solutions do not address the need for rapid cell passivation and are not commercially viable because they introduce inactive materials into cells of a predetermined size, thereby reducing the cell's volumetric capacity.
出現與美國專利10,700,362所設想的發明有關的相似功效問題。在這裡，以預期足以中和水解反應所產生的氫氧化物之量的量將可溶性酸塗佈至電池上。然而，考慮到單元容量及陰極之未減弱的氧化導致pH大幅持續增長，可溶性酸體積可能不足以阻止所攝入電池隨著時間推移引起顯著損害。此類塗層在高於周圍溫度及相對濕度水準之情況下亦易於降解。Similar efficacy issues arise with the invention contemplated by US Patent 10,700,362. Here, the soluble acid is applied to the cell in an amount expected to be sufficient to neutralize the hydroxide produced by the hydrolysis reaction. However, the soluble acid volume may not be sufficient to prevent the ingested cell from causing significant damage over time, given the large and sustained increase in pH due to cell capacity and undiminished oxidation of the cathode. Such coatings are also susceptible to degradation above ambient temperature and relative humidity levels.
前述電池設計及/或電池材料中之各者通常與現有電池製造製程不兼容。該等提案都沒有提供可在已建立之電池生產線中利用的一或多個組件，這在一些情況下可能係解決因電池攝入引起的損傷所需的大規模採用的顯著阻礙。Each of the aforementioned battery designs and/or battery materials is generally incompatible with existing battery manufacturing processes. None of these proposals provide one or more components that can be utilized in established battery production lines, which in some cases may be a significant impediment to the mass adoption needed to address damage due to battery ingestion.
另一提案集中於選擇據認為可抵抗在曝露於含唾液溶液期間形成氫氣的反應的特殊合金。專利合作條約公佈WO 2013/106821推薦選擇具有高的產生氫氣過電位的材料，包括諸如鎳、特定等級的不銹鋼、鈦、金、鈮及鉭的材料。值得注意的是，本揭露限於在非水電解質中產生至少2.0伏的開路電壓的反應材料(申請者主張具有至少2.8伏的開路電壓的裝置並注意到鹼性單元之1.5V較低輸出電壓使其不太可能產生有害的電解反應)。若材料之產生氫氣過電位是製造安全電池之唯一考慮事項，則在曝露於導電水性介質時電解反應之鈍化將是瞬間的，重要的是這並沒有發生。若材料過電位係唯一考慮事項，則所提出之金屬中之任何一者將同樣良好地起作用，如實例i)及第30圖所展示，但該等金屬並非如此。Another proposal focuses on the selection of special alloys that are believed to resist the reaction that forms hydrogen gas during exposure to saliva-containing solutions. Patent Cooperation Treaty Publication WO 2013/106821 recommends the selection of materials with high hydrogen-generating overpotentials, including materials such as nickel, certain grades of stainless steel, titanium, gold, niobium and tantalum. Notably, the present disclosure is limited to reactive materials that produce open circuit voltages of at least 2.0 volts in non-aqueous electrolytes (applicants claim devices with open circuit voltages of at least 2.8 volts and note that the lower 1.5V output voltage of alkaline cells makes It is less likely to produce harmful electrolytic reactions). If the hydrogen generation overpotential of the material is the only consideration in making a safe battery, passivation of the electrolytic reaction upon exposure to a conductive aqueous medium would be instantaneous, and importantly this does not occur. If material overpotential were the only consideration, any of the proposed metals would work equally well, as shown in example i) and Figure 30, but these metals do not.
更具體而言，WO 2013/106821沒有考慮在單元電路由所提出之材料製成情況下電極與水性介質接觸時的電流輸出。例如，在於中性鹽溶液中使用金作為陰極電極及不銹鋼430作為陽極電極的電化學單元且然後將單元置於3V電位之情況下，所產生之單元電路產生電解反應，從而導致陰極處或附近環境中的pH增加。換言之，使用金來覆蓋電池外殼之所提出之解決方案並不能防止電池與生物組織接觸情況下的電化學灼傷。此效果在模擬胃液之存在下甚至更加明顯且在1.5V下發生，如實例i)及第30圖所見，這與WO 2013/106821教導1.5V鹼性單元不太可能產生有害的電解反應相反。因此，採用具有足夠高的氫氣過電位的任何金屬如金之所提出之機制不產生所要之安全改善。More specifically, WO 2013/106821 does not consider the current output when the electrodes are in contact with the aqueous medium if the unit circuit is made of the proposed material. For example, in an electrochemical cell using gold as the cathode electrode and stainless steel 430 as the anode electrode in a neutral salt solution and then placing the cell at a potential of 3V, the resulting cell circuit produces an electrolytic reaction resulting in an electrolytic reaction at or near the cathode The pH in the environment increases. In other words, the proposed solution of covering the cell casing with gold does not prevent electrochemical burns in the case of cell contact with biological tissue. This effect is even more pronounced in the presence of simulated gastric juice and occurs at 1.5V, as seen in Example i) and Figure 30, in contrast to WO 2013/106821 teaching that 1.5V alkaline units are unlikely to produce deleterious electrolytic reactions. Therefore, the proposed mechanism using any metal with a sufficiently high hydrogen overpotential, such as gold, does not yield the desired safety improvement.
WO 2013/106821中之揭示內容明顯缺失的是提供在用於裝置中時充當電池且在攝入或曝露於導電水性介質時迅速鈍化的電池的設計及製造細節。提出許多種材料，但少數經過測試且沒有一個成功地經受傳統的衝壓或摺邊折疊製造步驟。雖然包含鈦及不銹鋼的測試裝置中之至少一些經衝壓成陰極罐形狀，但已知衝壓製製程在外層中形成曝露下層不銹鋼的裂縫，從而導致電池若被攝入則不安全。此外，衝壓不銹鋼罐中之一些濺鍍塗佈有金或鍍覆有金。Apparently missing from the disclosure in WO 2013/106821 is the provision of design and fabrication details for a battery that acts as a battery when used in a device and that quickly passivates when ingested or exposed to a conductive aqueous medium. Many materials have been proposed, but a few have been tested and none have successfully survived the traditional stamping or hemming folding manufacturing steps. While at least some of the test devices comprising titanium and stainless steel were stamped into the cathode can shape, the known stamping process creates cracks in the outer layer that expose the underlying stainless steel, rendering the battery unsafe if ingested. Additionally, some of the stamped stainless steel cans are sputter coated or plated with gold.
在WO 2013/106821中，當測試金、鈦或S32750(+)/55 Cu-32 Sn-12 Zn合金鍍鋼(-)電偶時，將陽極處的S32750(+)/55 Cu-32 Sn-12 Zn合金鍍鋼(-)電偶確定為最佳實施例。在使用鍍覆有鎳或金的不銹鋼電池殼體的其他測試中，注意到金批次表現較差。此實施例是可操作的，部分是因為金塗層是不完整的，如揭示內容中所指出的，這允許曝露不銹鋼，且部分是因為金不產生氧化物。第30圖展示在水性導電介質中的電位下在金上沒有氧化物生長。 此外，該參考文獻揭示，已證明雙相不鏽鋼甚至在耦接至鎳負電極時也是強力的候選材料。In WO 2013/106821, when testing gold, titanium or S32750(+)/55 Cu-32 Sn-12 Zn alloy plated steel (-) galvanic couples, the S32750(+)/55 Cu-32 Sn at the anode was The -12 Zn alloy plated steel (-) galvanic couple was identified as the best embodiment. Gold batches were noted to perform poorly in other tests using stainless steel battery cases plated with nickel or gold. This embodiment is operational in part because the gold coating is incomplete, as noted in the disclosure, which allows the stainless steel to be exposed, and in part because gold does not produce oxides. Figure 30 shows no oxide growth on gold at potentials in an aqueous conductive medium. Furthermore, this reference reveals that duplex stainless steels have proven to be strong candidates even when coupled to a nickel negative electrode.
美國專利10,103,361提出三層包覆材料，其中紐扣單元外殼之表面由鎳製成，且下層中間層由鈦製成(全部包覆在普通電池容器之頂部上)。在攝入條件下，鎳層溶解，從而曝露所攝入電池之鈦層。在外鎳層溶解期間，水解反應繼續進行，從而引起組織損害。此外，通常已知鈦包覆材料不如本參考文獻所指示的那樣起作用。US Patent 10,103,361 proposes a three-layer cladding material in which the surface of the button cell housing is made of nickel and the lower middle layer is made of titanium (all over the top of a common battery container). Under ingested conditions, the nickel layer dissolves, exposing the titanium layer of the ingested cell. During the dissolution of the outer nickel layer, the hydrolysis reaction continues, causing tissue damage. Furthermore, titanium cladding materials are generally known not to function as indicated by this reference.
因此，仍然需要提供在意外攝入時不會引起顯著組織損害的電池。需要提供一種可容易地結合至現有電池製造製程中的電池的一或多個組件，這將允許製造在攝入時不會引起顯著組織損害的電池。 更特定而言，需要提供當浸入導電水性環境諸如GI道時在電位差高於近似1.23V的電解臨界值之情況下長時間不產生顯著量的氫氧化物的電池。甚至更特定而言，需要提供包含能夠在浸入導電水性環境諸如GI道後2小時內或1小時內或30分鐘內生長金屬氧化物層的材料的電池。甚至更特定而言，需要提供包含能夠在浸入導電水性環境諸如GI道後2小時內或1小時內或30分鐘內減少或消除電解電流的材料的電池。Accordingly, there remains a need to provide batteries that do not cause significant tissue damage upon accidental ingestion. There is a need to provide one or more components of a battery that can be easily incorporated into existing battery manufacturing processes, which would allow the manufacture of batteries that do not cause significant tissue damage when ingested. More specifically, there is a need to provide batteries that do not produce significant amounts of hydroxide for extended periods of time with potential differences above the electrolytic threshold of approximately 1.23V when immersed in a conductive aqueous environment such as a GI channel. Even more specifically, there is a need to provide cells comprising materials capable of growing a metal oxide layer within 2 hours or within 1 hour or within 30 minutes of immersion in a conductive aqueous environment such as a GI channel. Even more specifically, there is a need to provide batteries comprising materials capable of reducing or eliminating electrolytic current within 2 hours or within 1 hour or within 30 minutes of immersion in a conductive aqueous environment such as the GI tract.
本揭露部分基於以下發現：在電池之陰極或陽極殼體中使用形成氧化物的鈍化金屬抑制或減少因該電池在被攝入情況下引起的損傷。因此，本文所描述之一個態樣提供一種電池，該電池包含一陽極殼體或包含一鈍化金屬的一陰極殼體。The present disclosure is based in part on the discovery that the use of oxide-forming passivating metals in the cathode or anode casing of a cell inhibits or reduces damage caused by the cell in the event of ingestion. Accordingly, one aspect described herein provides a battery that includes an anode casing or a cathode casing that includes a passivation metal.
提供一下實施例。An example is provided.
實施例1係一種電池，包含：
a) 一陽極殼體；
b) 包含一鈍化金屬的一陰極殼體；
c) 一電化學單元，該電化學單元包含一陽極、一陰極及定位於該陽極與該陰極之間的一分離器；及
d) 一墊圈，該墊圈位於該陽極殼體與該陰極殼體之間；
其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有100 nm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度的一層中。
實施例2係如實施例1所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合。
實施例3係如實施例1或實施例2所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有以下均一或變化厚度的一層中：100 nm至1 µm、100 nm至3 µm、100 nm至5 µm、100 nm至10 µm、1 µm至400 µm、3 µm至100 µm、3 µm至50 µm、15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、25 µm至50 µm、50 µm至400 µm、50 µm至300 µm、50 µm至200 µm、50 µm至175 µm、55 µm至400 µm、55 µm至300 µm、55 µm至200 µm、60 µm至400 µm、60 µm至300 µm、60 µm至200 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm。
實施例4係如實施例1至3中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體本質上由包含該鈍化金屬的一層組成，其中該層具有15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm或大於50 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例5係如實施例1至4中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由包含該鈍化金屬的一層組成，其中該層具有15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm或大於50 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例6係如實施例1至5中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。
實施例7係如實施例1至6中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且進一步地其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm或100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例8係如實施例1至7中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含：
一陰極內導電層，及
包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。
實施例9係如實施例1至8中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含：
一陰極內導電層，
包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；且
其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。
實施例10係如實施例1或實施例2所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體本質上由以下組成：
一陰極內導電層，及
包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。
實施例11係如實施例1或實施例2所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由以下組成：
一陰極內導電層，及
包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。
Embodiment 11 is the battery of
實施例12係如實施例8至11中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層具有以下均一或變化厚度：1 µm至400 µm、15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、或大於50 µm至400 µm、或大於50 µm至300 µm、或大於50 µm至200 µm或大於50 µm至175 µm。
實施例13係如實施例8至12中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層具有1 µm至400 µm、15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、或大於50 µm至400 µm、或大於50 µm至175 µm的均一或變化厚度，且該陰極內導電層具有75 µm至350 µm、或125 µm至350 µm、或200 µm至300 µm或25 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 13 is the battery of any one of embodiments 8-12, wherein the cathode passivation layer has 1 μm to 400 μm, 15 μm to 300 μm, 14 μm to 200 μm, or greater than 50 μm to 400 μm , or greater than 50 µm to 175 µm of uniform or variable thickness, and the conductive layer within the cathode has a uniform or variable thickness of 75 µm to 350 µm, or 125 µm to 350 µm, or 200 µm to 300 µm or 25 µm to 100 µm thickness.
實施例14係如實施例8至13中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:5、或8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:5、或6:1至1:3、或6:1至1:2、或6:1至1:1.1、或6:1至1:1、3:1至1:5、或3:1至1:3、或3:1至1:2、或3:1至1:1.1、或3:1至1:1、或2:1至1:5、或2:1至1:3、或2:1至1:2、或2:1至1:1.1或2:1至1:1。
實施例15係如實施例8至14中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例16係如實施例9至15中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層包含Ni。
實施例17係如實施例8至16中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的表面在製造之後不曝露於周圍環境。Embodiment 17 is the cell of any one of embodiments 8-16, wherein the surface of the cathode inner conductive layer that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is not exposed to the ambient environment after fabrication.
實施例18係如實施例17所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.1 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的該表面在製造之後曝露於周圍環境。 Embodiment 18 is the battery of embodiment 17, wherein the inner conductive layer of the cathode is less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.1 mm 2 , or less than 0.5 mm 2 in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer , or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm 2 of the surface exposed to the ambient environment after manufacture.
實施例19係如實施例1至18中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且 其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，該摺邊折疊在該摺邊折疊之各側面上具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層及222 µm至50 µm的總內導電層厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一環形側壁，該環形側壁包含均一或變化厚度為60 µm至200 µm的一鈍化層及190 µm至50 µm的內導電層厚度。 Embodiment 19 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the cathode casing is prepared from a cladding laminate comprising a or a passivation layer of varying thickness and a conductive layer of uniform or varying thickness from 50 µm to 190 µm; and wherein the cathode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 µm to 250 µm; and Wherein the cathode casing comprises a hemmed fold with a passivation layer of uniform or varying thickness of 14 μm to 75 μm and a total inner conductive layer of 222 μm to 50 μm on each side of the hemmed fold thickness; and The cathode casing includes an annular sidewall, and the annular sidewall includes a passivation layer with a uniform or variable thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm and an inner conductive layer with a thickness of 190 μm to 50 μm.
實施例19a係如實施例1至18中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且 其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，且其中該摺邊折疊包含一第一側面及一第二側面，且進一步地其中該第一側面及該第二側面中之各者具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層，且該摺邊折疊具有200 µm至250 µm的總厚度，其中該摺邊折疊之該第一側面接觸該摺邊折疊之該第二側面。 Embodiment 19a is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the cathode casing is prepared from a cladding laminate comprising a or a passivation layer of varying thickness and a conductive layer of uniform or varying thickness from 50 µm to 190 µm; and wherein the cathode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 µm to 250 µm; and wherein the cathode casing includes a hem fold, and wherein the hem fold includes a first side and a second side, and further wherein each of the first side and the second side has a uniform or varying thickness A passivation layer of 14 μm to 75 μm, and the hemming fold has a total thickness of 200 μm to 250 μm, wherein the first side of the hemming fold contacts the second side of the hemming fold.
實施例20係如實施例1至19中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊結構。
實施例21係如實施例8至20中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含一第一層及一第二層，該第一層包含一第一鈍化金屬，該第二層包含一第二鈍化金屬。Embodiment 21 is the battery of any one of embodiments 8-20, wherein the cathode passivation layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer includes a first passivation metal, and the second layer A second passivation metal is included.
實施例22係如實施例8至21中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含一第一層，該第一層包含Ta或Ta合金。
實施例23係如實施例8至22中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含一第一層，該第一層包含Ta或Ta合金，其中該第一層具有1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例24係如實施例8至23中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含一第二層，該第二層包含Nb或Nb合金。Embodiment 24 is the battery of any one of embodiments 8-23, wherein the cathode passivation layer comprises a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy.
實施例25係如實施例8至24中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含一第二層，該第二層包含Nb或Nb合金，其中該第二層具有10 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 25 is the battery of any one of embodiments 8-24, wherein the cathode passivation layer comprises a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy, wherein the second layer has 10 μm to 250 Uniform or variable thickness in µm.
實施例26係如實施例8至25中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 26 is the battery of any one of embodiments 8-25, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 μm to 350 μm.
實施例27係如實施例1至26中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含一鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有100 nm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度的一層中。
實施例28係如實施例1至27中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含一鈍化金屬，該鈍化金屬包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合。Embodiment 28 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-27, wherein the anode casing comprises a passivation metal comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof.
實施例29係如實施例1至28中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含： 一陽極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 29 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-28, wherein the anode casing comprises: an anode inner conductive layer, and An anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例30係如實施例1至29中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含：
一陽極內導電層，
包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且
其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。
實施例31係如實施例1-3、8或10-29中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體本質上由以下組成：
一陽極內導電層，及
包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。
實施例32係如實施例1-3、8或10-29中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體由以下組成： 一陽極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 32 is the battery of any of embodiments 1-3, 8, or 10-29, wherein the anode casing consists of: an anode inner conductive layer, and An anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例33係如實施例29至32中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化金屬具有以下均一或變化厚度：100 nm至1 µm、100 nm至3 µm、100 nm至5 µm、100 nm至10 µm、1 µm至400 µm、3 µm至100 µm、3 µm至50 µm、15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、25 µm至50 µm、50 µm至400 µm、50 µm至300 µm、50 µm至200 µm、50 µm至175 µm、55 µm至400 µm、55 µm至300 µm、55 µm至200 µm、60 µm至400 µm、60 µm至300 µm、60 µm至200 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm。
實施例34係如實施例29至33中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層具有15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、或大於50 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度，且該陽極內導電層具有75 µm至350 µm、或125 µm至350 µm、或200 µm至300 µm或25 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 34 is the battery of any one of embodiments 29-33, wherein the anode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 15 μm to 300 μm, 14 μm to 200 μm, or greater than 50 μm to 300 μm, And the anode inner conductive layer has a uniform or variable thickness of 75 μm to 350 μm, or 125 μm to 350 μm, or 200 μm to 300 μm, or 25 μm to 100 μm.
實施例35係如實施例29至34中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層包含一第一層及一第二層，該第一層包含一第一鈍化金屬，該第二層包含一第二鈍化金屬。Embodiment 35 is the battery of any one of embodiments 29-34, wherein the anode passivation layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer includes a first passivation metal, the second layer A second passivation metal is included.
實施例36係如實施例29至35中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層包含 一第一層，該第一層包含Ta或Ta合金。 Embodiment 36 is the battery of any one of embodiments 29-35, wherein the anode passivation layer comprises a first layer comprising Ta or Ta alloy.
實施例37係如實施例29至36中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層包含 一第一層，該第一層包含Ta或Ta合金，其中該第一層具有1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。 Embodiment 37 is the battery of any one of embodiments 29-36, wherein the anode passivation layer comprises A first layer, the first layer comprising Ta or a Ta alloy, wherein the first layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 μm to 3 μm.
實施例38係如實施例29至37中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層包含 一第二層，該第二層包含Nb或Nb合金。 Embodiment 38 is the battery of any one of embodiments 29-37, wherein the anode passivation layer comprises a second layer comprising Nb or Nb alloy.
實施例39係如實施例35至38中任一項所述之電池，其中該第二層具有10 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 39 is the battery of any one of embodiments 35-38, wherein the second layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 10 μm to 250 μm.
實施例40係如實施例22至32中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例41係如實施例1所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬包含Re、W或其合金。Embodiment 41 is the battery of
實施例42係如實施例41所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有以下均一或變化厚度的一層中：100 nm至1 µm、100 nm至3 µm、100 nm至5 µm、100 nm至10 µm、3 µm至100 µm、1 µm至400 µm、3 µm至50 µm、15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、25 µm至50 µm、50 µm至400 µm、50 µm至300 µm、50 µm至200 µm、50 µm至175 µm、55 µm至400 µm、55 µm至300 µm、55 µm至200 µm、60 µm至400 µm、60 µm至300 µm、60 µm至200 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm。Embodiment 42 is the battery of embodiment 41, wherein the passivating metal is present in a layer having the following uniform or varying thickness: 100 nm to 1 μm, 100 nm to 3 μm, 100 nm to 5 μm, 100 nm to 100 nm to 10 µm, 3 µm to 100 µm, 1 µm to 400 µm, 3 µm to 50 µm, 15 µm to 300 µm, 14 µm to 200 µm, 25 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 400 µm, 50 µm to 300 µm , 50 µm to 200 µm, 50 µm to 175 µm, 55 µm to 400 µm, 55 µm to 300 µm, 55 µm to 200 µm, 60 µm to 400 µm, 60 µm to 300 µm, 60 µm to 200 µm, 200 µm to 300 µm or 300 µm to 400 µm.
實施例43係如實施例41或42所述之電池，其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。Embodiment 43 is the battery of embodiment 41 or 42, wherein the battery further comprises: an outer coating on an outer surface of the anode casing or an outer surface or both of the cathode casing. Alternatively, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, alloys thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof.
實施例44係如實施例41至43中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且進一步地其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm或100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 44 is the battery of any one of embodiments 41-43, wherein the battery further comprises: an outer coating on an outer surface of the anode casing or one of the cathode casings On the outer surface or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, alloys thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof, and further wherein the outer coating has 100 nm to 5 µm or uniform or variable thickness from 100 nm to 200 nm.
實施例45係如實施例41至44中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含： 一陰極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 45 is the battery of any one of embodiments 41-44, wherein the cathode casing comprises: a cathode inner conductive layer, and A cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例46係如實施例41至45中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含： 一陰極內導電層， 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；且 其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 46 is the battery of any one of embodiments 41-45, wherein the cathode casing comprises: a cathode inner conductive layer, a cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and Wherein the battery further comprises: an outer coating on an outer surface of the anode casing or an outer surface of the cathode casing or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, alloys thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof, and wherein the outer coating and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例47係如實施例41、42或45所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體本質上由以下組成： 一陰極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 47 is the cell of embodiment 41, 42, or 45, wherein the cathode casing consists essentially of: a cathode inner conductive layer, and A cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例48係如實施例41、42或45所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由以下組成： 一陰極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 48 is the cell of embodiment 41, 42, or 45, wherein the cathode casing consists of: a cathode inner conductive layer, and A cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例49係如實施例45至48中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層具有以下均一或變化厚度：15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、或大於50 µm至400 µm、或大於50 µm至300 µm、或大於50 µm至200 µm或大於50 µm至175 µm。Embodiment 49 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-48, wherein the cathode passivation layer has the following uniform or varying thickness: 15 μm to 300 μm, 14 μm to 200 μm, or greater than 50 μm to 400 μm , or greater than 50 µm to 300 µm, or greater than 50 µm to 200 µm or greater than 50 µm to 175 µm.
實施例50係如實施例45至49中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層具有15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、或大於50 µm至400 µm、或大於50 µm至175 µm的均一或變化厚度，且該陰極內導電層具有75 µm至350 µm、或125 µm至350 µm、或200 µm至300 µm或25 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例51係如實施例45至50中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:5、或8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:5、或6:1至1:3、或6:1至1:2、或6:1至1:1.1、或6:1至1:1、3:1至1:5、或3:1至1:3、或3:1至1:2、或3:1至1:1.1、或3:1至1:1、或2:1至1:5、或2:1至1:3、或2:1至1:2、或2:1至1:1.1或2:1至1:1。Embodiment 51 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-50, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the cathode passivation layer to the thickness of the inner conductive layer is 8:1 to 1:5, or 8:1 to 1:3 , or 8:1 to 1:2, or 8:1 to 1:1.1, or 8:1 to 1:1, or 6:1 to 1:5, or 6:1 to 1:3, or 6:1 to 1:2, or 6:1 to 1:1.1, or 6:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:5, or 3:1 to 1:3, or 3:1 to 1:2, or 3:1 to 1:1.1, or 3:1 to 1:1, or 2:1 to 1:5, or 2:1 to 1:3, or 2:1 to 1:2, or 2:1 to 1 : 1.1 or 2:1 to 1:1.
實施例52係如實施例45至51中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 52 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-51, wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 200 nm.
實施例53係如實施例45至52中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層包含Ni。Embodiment 53 is the battery of any of embodiments 45-52, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni.
實施例54係如實施例45至53中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的表面在製造之後不曝露於周圍環境。Embodiment 54 is the cell of any one of embodiments 45-53, wherein the surface of the cathode inner conductive layer that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is not exposed to the ambient environment after fabrication.
實施例55係如實施例45至54中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.1 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的該表面在製造之後曝露於周圍環境。 Embodiment 55 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-54, wherein the conductive layer in the cathode is less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.1 mm 2 in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer , or less than 0.5 mm 2 , or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm 2 of the surface exposed to the ambient environment after manufacture.
實施例56係如實施例45至55中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且 其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，且其中該摺邊折疊包含一第一側面及一第二側面，且進一步地其中該第一側面及該第二側面中之各者具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層，且該摺邊折疊具有200 µm至250 µm的總厚度，其中該摺邊折疊之該第一側面接觸該摺邊折疊之該第二側面。 Embodiment 56 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-55, wherein the cathode casing is prepared from a cladding laminate comprising a uniform thickness having a thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm or a passivation layer of varying thickness and a conductive layer of uniform or varying thickness from 50 µm to 190 µm; and wherein the cathode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 µm to 250 µm; and wherein the cathode casing includes a hem fold, and wherein the hem fold includes a first side and a second side, and further wherein each of the first side and the second side has a uniform or varying thickness A passivation layer of 14 μm to 75 μm, and the hemming fold has a total thickness of 200 μm to 250 μm, wherein the first side of the hemming fold contacts the second side of the hemming fold.
實施例57係如實施例45至56中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊結構。Embodiment 57 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-56, wherein the cathode casing includes a hemmed fold structure.
實施例58係如實施例45至57中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含一第一層及一第二層，該第一層包含一第一鈍化金屬，該第二層包含一第二鈍化金屬。Embodiment 58 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-57, wherein the cathode passivation layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer includes a first passivation metal, the second layer A second passivation metal is included.
實施例59係如實施例45至58中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含 一第一層，該第一層包含Re、W或其合金。 Embodiment 59 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-58, wherein the cathode passivation layer comprises A first layer comprising Re, W or alloys thereof.
實施例60係如實施例45至59中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含
一第一層，該第一層包含Re、W或其合金，其中該第一層具有1 µm至25 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例61係如實施例45至60中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含 一第二層，該第二層包含Nb或Nb合金。 Embodiment 61 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-60, wherein the cathode passivation layer comprises a second layer comprising Nb or Nb alloy.
實施例62係如實施例45至61中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層包含 一第二層，該第二層包含Nb或Nb合金，其中該第二層具有5 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度。 Embodiment 62 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-61, wherein the cathode passivation layer comprises A second layer, the second layer comprising Nb or Nb alloy, wherein the second layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 5 μm to 250 μm.
實施例63係如實施例45至62中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 63 is the battery of any one of embodiments 45-62, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 μm to 350 μm.
實施例64係如實施例41至63中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含一鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有100 nm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度的一層中。Embodiment 64 is the cell of any one of embodiments 41-63, wherein the anode casing comprises a passivation metal, wherein the passivation metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 400 μm.
實施例65係如實施例41至64中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含一鈍化金屬，該鈍化金屬包含Re、W或其合金。Embodiment 65 is the battery of any one of embodiments 41-64, wherein the anode casing comprises a passivation metal comprising Re, W, or alloys thereof.
實施例66係如實施例41至65中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含： 一陽極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 66 is the battery of any one of embodiments 41-65, wherein the anode casing comprises: an anode inner conductive layer, and An anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例67係如實施例41至66中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含： 一陽極內導電層， 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且 其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 67 is the battery of any one of embodiments 41-66, wherein the anode casing comprises: an anode inner conductive layer, an anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and Wherein the battery further comprises: an outer coating on an outer surface of the anode casing or an outer surface of the cathode casing or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, alloys thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof, and wherein the outer coating and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例68係如實施例41，42、45或47–66中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體本質上由以下組成： 一陽極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 68 is the cell of any of embodiments 41, 42, 45, or 47-66, wherein the anode casing consists essentially of: an anode inner conductive layer, and An anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例69係如實施例41、42、45或47–66中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體由以下組成： 一陽極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 69 is the battery of any of embodiments 41, 42, 45, or 47-66, wherein the anode casing consists of: an anode inner conductive layer, and An anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例70係如實施例66至69中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化金屬具有以下均一或變化厚度：100 nm至1 µm、100 nm至3 µm、100 nm至5 µm、100 nm至10 µm、3 µm至100 µm、1 µm至400 µm、3 µm至50 µm、15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、25 µm至50 µm、50 µm至400 µm、50 µm至300 µm、50 µm至200 µm、50 µm至175 µm、55 µm至400 µm、55 µm至300 µm、55 µm至200 µm、60 µm至400 µm、60 µm至300 µm、60 µm至200 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm。Embodiment 70 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-69, wherein the anode passivation metal has the following uniform or varying thickness: 100 nm to 1 μm, 100 nm to 3 μm, 100 nm to 5 μm, 100 nm to 1 μm nm to 10 µm, 3 µm to 100 µm, 1 µm to 400 µm, 3 µm to 50 µm, 15 µm to 300 µm, 14 µm to 200 µm, 25 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 400 µm, 50 µm to 300 µm, 50 µm to 200 µm, 50 µm to 175 µm, 55 µm to 400 µm, 55 µm to 300 µm, 55 µm to 200 µm, 60 µm to 400 µm, 60 µm to 300 µm, 60 µm to 200 µm , 200 µm to 300 µm or 300 µm to 400 µm.
實施例71係如實施例66至70中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層具有15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、或大於50 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度，且該陽極內導電層具有75 µm至350 µm、或125 µm至350 µm、或200 µm至300 µm或25 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 71 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-70, wherein the anode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 15 μm to 300 μm, 14 μm to 200 μm, or greater than 50 μm to 300 μm, And the anode inner conductive layer has a uniform or variable thickness of 75 μm to 350 μm, or 125 μm to 350 μm, or 200 μm to 300 μm, or 25 μm to 100 μm.
實施例72係如實施例66至71中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層進一步包含一第一層及一第二層，該第一層包含一第一鈍化金屬，該第二層包含一第二鈍化金屬。Embodiment 72 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-71, wherein the anode passivation layer further comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer comprising a first passivation metal, the second The layer includes a second passivation metal.
實施例73係如實施例66至72中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層進一步包含一第一層，該第一層包含Re、W或其合金。Embodiment 73 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-72, wherein the anode passivation layer further comprises a first layer comprising Re, W, or alloys thereof.
實施例74係如實施例66至72中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層進一步包含一第一層，該第一層包含Re、W或其合金，其中該第一層具有1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 74 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-72, wherein the anode passivation layer further comprises a first layer comprising Re, W, or an alloy thereof, wherein the first layer has 1 Uniform or variable thickness from µm to 3 µm.
實施例75係如實施例66至72中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層進一步包含一第二層，該第二層包含Nb或Nb合金。Embodiment 75 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-72, wherein the anode passivation layer further comprises a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy.
實施例76係如實施例66至72中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層進一步包含一第二層，該第二層包含Nb或Nb合金，其中該第二層具有10 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 76 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-72, wherein the anode passivation layer further comprises a second layer, the second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy, wherein the second layer has 10 μm to Uniform or variable thickness of 250 µm.
實施例77係如實施例66至72中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 77 is the battery of any one of embodiments 66-72, wherein the anode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 μm to 350 μm.
實施例78係如實施例1所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬包含Ti或Ti合金，且該電池任選地包含一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、或Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。Embodiment 78 is the cell of
實施例79係如實施例78所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有大於50 µm至300 µm、或大於50 µm至200 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度的一層中。Embodiment 79 is the battery of embodiment 78, wherein the passivating metal is present in a uniform or variable having greater than 50 μm to 300 μm, or greater than 50 μm to 200 μm, 200 μm to 300 μm, or 300 μm to 400 μm layer of thickness.
實施例80係如實施例78或80所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體本質上由包含該鈍化金屬的一層組成，其中該層具有大於50 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例81係如實施例78或80所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由包含該鈍化金屬的一層組成，其中該層具有大於50 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 81 is the cell of
實施例82係如實施例78至81中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層存在於該陽極殼體之該外表面及該陰極殼體之該外表面二者上。Embodiment 82 is the cell of any one of embodiments 78-81, wherein the outer coating is present on both the outer surface of the anode casing and the outer surface of the cathode casing.
實施例83係如實施例78至81中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層存在於該陽極殼體之該外表面上。Embodiment 83 is the cell of any one of embodiments 78-81, wherein the outer coating is present on the outer surface of the anode casing.
實施例84係如實施例78至83中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層存在於該陰極殼體之該外表面上。Embodiment 84 is the cell of any one of embodiments 78-83, wherein the outer coating is present on the outer surface of the cathode casing.
實施例85係如實施例78至84中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm或100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 85 is the battery of any one of embodiments 78-84, wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 5 μm or 100 nm to 200 nm.
實施例86係如實施例78至85中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含： 一陰極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 86 is the battery of any one of embodiments 78-85, wherein the cathode casing comprises: a cathode inner conductive layer, and A cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例87係如實施例78至86中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含： 一陰極內導電層， 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；且 其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 87 is the battery of any one of embodiments 78-86, wherein the cathode casing comprises: a cathode inner conductive layer, a cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and Wherein the battery further comprises: an outer coating on an outer surface of the anode casing or an outer surface of the cathode casing or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, an alloy thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof, and wherein the outer coating and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例88係如實施例78-81、或86中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體本質上由以下組成： 一陰極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 88 is the cell of any one of embodiments 78-81, or 86, wherein the cathode casing consists essentially of: a cathode inner conductive layer, and A cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例89係如實施例78-81、或86中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由以下組成： 一陰極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 89 is the battery of any one of embodiments 78-81, or 86, wherein the cathode casing consists of: a cathode inner conductive layer, and A cathode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例90係如實施例86至89中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層具有大於50 µm至400 µm、或大於50 µm至300 µm、或大於50 µm至200 µm或大於50 µm至175 µm的均一或變化厚度。
實施例91係如實施例86至90中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層具有75 µm至350 µm、或125 µm至350 µm、或200 µm至300 µm或25 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 91 is the battery of any one of embodiments 86 to 90, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer has 75 μm to 350 μm, or 125 μm to 350 μm, or 200 μm to 300 μm or 25 μm to 100 μm Uniform or variable thickness in µm.
實施例92係如實施例86至91中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:5、或8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:5、或6:1至1:3、或6:1至1:2、或6:1至1:1.1、或6:1至1:1、3:1至1:5、或3:1至1:3、或3:1至1:2、或3:1至1:1.1、或3:1至1:1、或2:1至1:5、或2:1至1:3、或2:1至1:2、或2:1至1:1.1或2:1至1:1。Embodiment 92 is the battery of any one of embodiments 86-91, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the cathode passivation layer to the thickness of the inner conductive layer is 8:1 to 1:5, or 8:1 to 1:3 , or 8:1 to 1:2, or 8:1 to 1:1.1, or 8:1 to 1:1, or 6:1 to 1:5, or 6:1 to 1:3, or 6:1 to 1:2, or 6:1 to 1:1.1, or 6:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:5, or 3:1 to 1:3, or 3:1 to 1:2, or 3:1 to 1:1.1, or 3:1 to 1:1, or 2:1 to 1:5, or 2:1 to 1:3, or 2:1 to 1:2, or 2:1 to 1 :1.1 or 2:1 to 1:1.
實施例93係如實施例86至92中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 93 is the battery of any of embodiments 86-92, wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 200 nm.
實施例94係如實施例86至93中任一項所述之電池，其中該外部塗層包含Ni。Embodiment 94 is the battery of any of embodiments 86-93, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni.
實施例95係如實施例86至94中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的表面在製造之後不曝露於周圍環境。Embodiment 95 is the cell of any one of embodiments 86-94, wherein the surface of the cathode inner conductive layer that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is not exposed to the ambient environment after fabrication.
實施例96係如實施例86至95中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.1 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的該表面在製造之後曝露於周圍環境。 Embodiment 96 is the battery of any one of embodiments 86-95, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer is less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.1 mm 2 in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer , or less than 0.5 mm 2 , or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm 2 of the surface exposed to the ambient environment after manufacture.
實施例97係如實施例86至96中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且 其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，該摺邊折疊在該摺邊折疊之各側面上具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層及222 µm至50 µm的總內導電層厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一環形側壁，該環形側壁包含均一或變化厚度為60 µm至200 µm的一鈍化層及190 µm至50 µm的內導電層厚度。 Embodiment 97 is the battery of any one of embodiments 86-96, wherein the cathode casing is prepared from a cladding laminate comprising a uniform thickness having a thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm or a passivation layer of varying thickness and a conductive layer of uniform or varying thickness from 50 µm to 190 µm; and wherein the cathode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 µm to 250 µm; and Wherein the cathode casing comprises a hemmed fold with a passivation layer of uniform or varying thickness of 14 μm to 75 μm and a total inner conductive layer of 222 μm to 50 μm on each side of the hemmed fold thickness; and The cathode casing includes an annular sidewall, and the annular sidewall includes a passivation layer with a uniform or variable thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm and an inner conductive layer with a thickness of 190 μm to 50 μm.
實施例98係如實施例86至97中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊結構。Embodiment 98 is the battery of any one of embodiments 86-97, wherein the cathode casing includes a hemmed fold structure.
實施例99係如實施例86至98中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含一鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有大於50 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度的一層中。Embodiment 99 is the battery of any one of embodiments 86-98, wherein the anode casing comprises a passivation metal, wherein the passivation metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness of greater than 50 μm to 400 μm .
實施例100係如實施例86至99中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含一鈍化金屬，該鈍化金屬包含Ti或Ti合金，且該電池任選地包含一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、或Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。
實施例101係如實施例86至100中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含：
一陽極內導電層，及
包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。
實施例102係如實施例86至101中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體包含：
一陽極內導電層，
包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且
其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之任何二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。
實施例103係如實施例78-81、86或88–101中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體本質上由以下組成： 一陽極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 103 is the cell of any of embodiments 78-81, 86, or 88-101, wherein the anode casing consists essentially of: an anode inner conductive layer, and An anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例104係如實施例78-81、86或88–101中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體由以下組成： 一陽極內導電層，及 包含該鈍化金屬的一陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。 Embodiment 104 is the battery of any of embodiments 78-81, 86, or 88-101, wherein the anode casing consists of: an anode inner conductive layer, and An anode passivation layer comprising the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
實施例105係如實施例101至104中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極鈍化層具有50 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 105 is the battery of any one of embodiments 101-104, wherein the anode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm.
實施例106係如實施例101至105中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 106 is the battery of any one of embodiments 101-105, wherein the anode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 μm to 350 μm.
實施例107係如實施例1至106中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：至少一個結合層，該至少一個結合層安置於一陰極內導電層與一陰極鈍化層、一陽極內導電層與一陽極鈍化層或二者之間，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸。Embodiment 107 is the battery of any one of
實施例108係如實施例1至107中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：至少一個結合層，該至少一個結合層安置於一陰極內導電層與一陰極鈍化層、一陽極內導電層與一陽極鈍化層或二者之間，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸，其中該至少一個結合層包含一導電材料。Embodiment 108 is the battery of any one of
實施例109係如實施例1至108中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：至少一個結合層，該至少一個結合層安置於一陰極內導電層與一陰極鈍化層、一陽極內導電層與一陽極鈍化層或二者之間，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸，其中該至少一個結合層包含一金屬。Embodiment 109 is the battery of any one of
實施例110係如實施例1至109中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：至少一個結合層，該至少一個結合層安置於一陰極內導電層與一陰極鈍化層、一陽極內導電層與一陽極鈍化層或二者之間，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸，其中該至少一個結合層包含一黏合劑。Embodiment 110 is the battery of any one of
實施例111係如實施例1至110中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：至少一個結合層，該至少一個結合層安置於一陰極內導電層與一陰極鈍化層、一陽極內導電層與一陽極鈍化層或二者之間，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸，其中該至少一個結合層包含一黏合劑，其中該黏合劑包含壓敏黏合劑、橡膠基黏合劑、環氧樹脂、聚氨酯、聚矽氧黏合劑、酚醛樹脂、UV可固化黏合劑、丙烯酸酯黏合劑、層壓黏合劑、氟聚合物或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。Embodiment 111 is the battery of any one of
實施例112係如實施例111所述之電池，其中該層壓黏合劑包含低或高密度聚乙烯、聚烯烴、聚烯烴衍生物、含酸黏合劑、離子聚合物、乙烯三元共聚物、丙烯酸酯或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯。Embodiment 112 is the battery of embodiment 111, wherein the lamination adhesive comprises low or high density polyethylene, polyolefin, polyolefin derivative, acid-containing adhesive, ionic polymer, ethylene terpolymer, Acrylate or ethylene vinyl acetate.
實施例113係如實施例112所述之電池，其中該含酸黏合劑包含EAA、EMAA、離子聚合物、乙烯三元共聚物、酸或丙烯酸酯。Embodiment 113 is the battery of embodiment 112, wherein the acid-containing binder comprises EAA, EMAA, an ionic polymer, an ethylene terpolymer, an acid, or an acrylate.
實施例114係如實施例107-113中任一項所述之電池，其中該至少一個結合層具有以下均一或變化厚度：100 nm至400 µm、100 nm至350 µm、1 µm至350 µm、200 µm至350 µm、1 µm至50 µm、5 µm至50 µm、50 µm至250 µm或5 µm至200 µm。Embodiment 114 is the battery of any of embodiments 107-113, wherein the at least one bonding layer has the following uniform or varying thicknesses: 100 nm to 400 μm, 100 nm to 350 μm, 1 μm to 350 μm, 200 µm to 350 µm, 1 µm to 50 µm, 5 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 250 µm or 5 µm to 200 µm.
實施例115係如實施例1至114中任一項所述之電池，其中一陽極內導電層及/或一陰極內導電層包含鋁、不銹鋼、鉻、金、釩、鎳、銀、銅、鎂、鋅、其合金或其中之任何二或更多者之組合。Embodiment 115 is the battery of any one of
實施例116係如實施例1至115中任一項所述之電池，其中一陽極內導電層及/或一陰極內導電層包含不銹鋼。Embodiment 116 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-115, wherein an inner anode conductive layer and/or a cathode inner conductive layer comprises stainless steel.
實施例117係如實施例1至116中任一項所述之電池，其中該不銹鋼包含SS304、SS316、SS430、雙相2205、雙相2304、雙相2507、或一鉻含量等於或大於10重量%及/或一鎳含量等於或大於0.1重量%的一或多種其他鋼。Embodiment 117 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-116, wherein the stainless steel comprises SS304, SS316, SS430, duplex 2205, duplex 2304, duplex 2507, or a chromium content equal to or greater than 10 wt. % and/or one or more other steels with a nickel content equal to or greater than 0.1 wt%.
實施例118係如實施例1至117中任一項所述之電池，包含：位於一鈍化層中的該鈍化金屬。Embodiment 118 is the cell of any one of embodiments 1-117, comprising: the passivation metal in a passivation layer.
實施例119係如實施例1至118中任一項所述之電池，包含：位於一鈍化層中的該鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化層包含一第一層及一第二層，該第一層包含一第一鈍化金屬，該第二層包含一第二鈍化金屬。Embodiment 119 is the cell of any one of embodiments 1-118, comprising: the passivation metal in a passivation layer, wherein the passivation layer comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer A first passivation metal is included, and the second layer includes a second passivation metal.
實施例120係如實施例1至119中任一項所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬係實質上純的金屬。
實施例121係如實施例1至120中任一項所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬係合金。Embodiment 121 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-120, wherein the passivating metal is an alloy.
實施例122係如實施例1至121中任一項所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬包含至少兩種鈍化金屬之合金。Embodiment 122 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-121, wherein the passivation metal comprises an alloy of at least two passivation metals.
實施例123係如實施例1至122中任一項所述之電池，其中該陽極殼體具有50 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 123 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-122, wherein the anode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 400 μm.
實施例124係如實施例1至123中任一項所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體具有50 µm至400 µm或200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 124 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-123, wherein the cathode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 400 μm or 200 μm to 250 μm.
實施例125係如實施例1至124中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：一不透水塗層，該不透水塗層安置於該陰極殼體之一邊緣上並覆蓋該邊緣，且任選地安置於該陽極殼體之一外表面之一部分及/或該陰極殼體之一外表面之一部分上。Embodiment 125 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-124, further comprising: a water-impermeable coating disposed on and covering an edge of the cathode casing, and any Optionally disposed on a portion of an outer surface of the anode casing and/or a portion of an outer surface of the cathode casing.
實施例126係如實施例1至125中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：一不透水塗層，該不透水塗層安置於該陽極殼體之一外表面之一部分及/或該陰極殼體之一外表面之一部分上並覆蓋該陰極殼體之一邊緣，其中該不透水塗層係選自以下：天然橡膠、TFE、Exxon Butyl、氯丁二烯、環氧氯丙烷、乙烯丙烯、氟矽、氫化腈、液體聚矽氧橡膠、醫用乙烯丙烯、聚矽氧、腈、全氟彈性體、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、苯乙烯丁二烯、Teflon、Vamac、PTFE及viton。Embodiment 126 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-125, further comprising: a water-impermeable coating disposed on a portion of an outer surface of the anode casing and/or the cathode on a portion of an outer surface of the casing and covering an edge of the cathode casing, wherein the water-impermeable coating is selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, TFE, Exxon Butyl, chloroprene, epichlorohydrin, ethylene propylene , Fluorosilicone, hydrogenated nitrile, liquid silicone rubber, medical ethylene propylene, polysiloxane, nitrile, perfluoroelastomer, polyacrylate, polyurethane, styrene butadiene, Teflon, Vamac, PTFE and viton.
實施例127係如實施例1至126中任一項所述之電池，進一步包含：一不透水塗層，該不透水塗層安置於該陰極殼體之一邊緣上並覆蓋該邊緣，且任選地安置於該陽極殼體之一外表面之一部分及/或該陰極殼體之一外表面之一部分上，其中該不透水塗層與該墊圈係相同材料。Embodiment 127 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-126, further comprising: a water impermeable coating disposed on and covering an edge of the cathode casing, and any Optionally disposed on a portion of an outer surface of the anode casing and/or a portion of an outer surface of the cathode casing, wherein the water impermeable coating is of the same material as the gasket.
實施例128係如實施例1至127中任一項所述之電池，
包含：一陰極內導電層，該陰極內導電層包含一外底部表面、一外環形表面及一邊緣表面，
其中該外底部表面由一陰極鈍化層包裹，且
該外環形表面及該邊緣表面由該陰極鈍化層、該墊圈、一不透水塗層或其中之任何二或更多者之任何組合包裹。
Embodiment 128 is the battery of any one of
實施例129係如實施例1至128中任一項所述之電池，其中該墊圈包含彈性材料或塑膠，諸如尼龍、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯、三氟氯乙烯、全氟烷氧基聚合物、聚乙烯基化合物、聚乙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、聚矽氧橡膠及其中之任何二或更多者之任何組合。Embodiment 129 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-128, wherein the gasket comprises an elastic material or plastic, such as nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy base polymers, polyvinyl compounds, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polysiloxanes, and any two or more of them of any combination.
實施例130係如實施例125-129中任一項所述之電池，其中該不透水塗層包含橡膠、布納、聚矽氧、聚矽氧橡膠、PTFE、viton、或彈性材料或塑膠，諸如尼龍、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯、三氟氯乙烯、全氟烷氧基聚合物、聚乙烯基化合物、聚乙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯及其中之任何二或更多者之任何組合。Embodiment 130 is the battery of any one of embodiments 125-129, wherein the water-impermeable coating comprises rubber, buna, polysiloxane, polysiloxane, PTFE, viton, or an elastic material or plastic, such as nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymers, polyvinyl compounds, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, Polysilicon, polyacrylate, polyurethane, and any combination of any two or more of them.
實施例131係一種紐扣單元或包含一電池殼體的圓柱形電池，其中該電池殼體包含一密封杯及一底部罐及一墊圈，其中該密封杯之一外徑小於該底部罐之一內徑，且該密封杯之至少一部分定位在該底部罐內部，且該墊圈位於該密封杯與該底部罐之間，且其中該底部罐之一環形壁朝向該密封杯之一環形壁捲製，且進一步地其中該電池殼體包含一鈍化金屬。Embodiment 131 is a button cell or cylindrical battery including a battery case, wherein the battery case includes a sealing cup and a bottom can and a gasket, wherein an outer diameter of the sealing cup is smaller than the inner diameter of one of the bottom cans diameter, and at least a portion of the sealing cup is positioned inside the bottom can, and the gasket is located between the sealing cup and the bottom can, and wherein an annular wall of the bottom can rolls toward an annular wall of the sealing cup, And further wherein the battery case includes a passivation metal.
實施例132係如實施例131所述之電池，其中該密封杯係一陽極殼體且該底部罐係一陰極殼體，且進一步地其中該底部罐包含一鈍化金屬。Embodiment 132 is the cell of embodiment 131, wherein the sealed cup is an anode casing and the bottom can is a cathode casing, and further wherein the bottom can comprises a passivating metal.
實施例133係如實施例131所述之電池，其中該密封杯係一陰極殼體且該底部罐係一陽極殼體，且進一步地其中該底部罐及該密封杯二者包含一鈍化金屬。Embodiment 133 is the cell of embodiment 131, wherein the sealed cup is a cathode casing and the bottom can is an anode casing, and further wherein both the bottom can and the sealed cup comprise a passivating metal.
實施例134係如實施例1至130中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池係一扁形或紐扣單元型電池。Embodiment 134 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-130, wherein the battery is a flat or button cell type battery.
實施例135係如實施例1至134中任一項所述之電池，其中該電化學單元具有10V或更少、5V或更少、3V或更少或1V或更少的電壓。Embodiment 135 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-134, wherein the electrochemical cell has a voltage of 10V or less, 5V or less, 3V or less, or 1V or less.
實施例136係如實施例1至135中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池係一3伏或1.5伏扁形或紐扣單元電池。Embodiment 136 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-135, wherein the battery is a 3 volt or 1.5 volt flat or coin cell battery.
實施例137係如實施例1至136中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池係CR927、CR1025、CR1130、CR1216、CR1220、CR1225、CR1616、CR1620、CR1625、CR1632、CR2012、CR2016、CR2025、CR2032、CR2320、BR2335、CR2354、CR2412、CR2430、CR2450、CR2477、CR2507、CR3032或CR11108鋰紐扣單元電池或SR41、SR43、SR44、SR45、SR48、SR54、SR55、SR57、SR58、SR59、SR60、SR63、SR64、SR65、SR66、SR67、SR68、SR69、S516、SR416、SR731、SR512、SR714、SR712氧化銀紐扣單元電池或LR41、LR44、LR54或LR66鹼性紐扣單元電池。Embodiment 137 is the battery of any one of
實施例138係如實施例1至137中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池係CR2032、CR2016或CR2025鋰紐扣單元電池。Embodiment 138 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-137, wherein the battery is a CR2032, CR2016, or CR2025 lithium coin cell battery.
實施例139係如實施例1至138中任一項所述之電池，其中該電池係AAAA、AAA、AA、A、B、C、D、E 90/N、4001、810、910A、AM5、LR1、MN9100或UM-5圓柱形電池。Embodiment 139 is the battery of any one of
實施例140係如實施例1至139中任一項所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分透過一導電水性介質電接觸時在該陽極與該陰極之間形成一導電通路。Embodiment 140 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-139, wherein at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing are in electrical contact through a conductive aqueous medium between the anode and the cathode. A conductive path is formed therebetween.
實施例141係如實施例1至140中任一項所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時透過一導電水性介質在該陽極與該陰極之間形成一導電通路，且進一步地其中該導電通路在與該導電水性介質持續接觸時被減少或抑制。Embodiment 141 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-140, wherein when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact a conductive aqueous medium, the anode and the A conductive path is formed between the cathodes, and further wherein the conductive path is reduced or inhibited in continuous contact with the conductive aqueous medium.
實施例142係如實施例1至141中任一項所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時透過一導電水性介質在該陽極與該陰極之間形成一導電通路，且進一步地其中該導電通路在與該導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時、或小於1小時或小於30分鐘內被減少或抑制。Embodiment 142 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-141, wherein when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing are in contact with a conductive aqueous medium, the anode and the A conductive pathway is formed between the cathodes, and further wherein the conductive pathway is reduced or inhibited within less than 2 hours, or less than 1 hour, or less than 30 minutes after initial contact with the conductive aqueous medium.
實施例143係如實施例1至142中任一項所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時，該陽極鈍化層及/或該陰極鈍化層氧化。Embodiment 143 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-142, wherein when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing are in contact with a conductive aqueous medium, the anode passivation layer and/or the Cathode passivation layer oxidation.
實施例144係如實施例1至143中任一項所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時，該陽極鈍化層及/或該陰極鈍化層氧化，從而形成一氧化物層，且其中在形成該氧化物層之後該電池提供小於1.5 mA、或小於1 mA、或小於0.5 mA或小於0.3 mA的電流。Embodiment 144 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-143, wherein when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing are in contact with a conductive aqueous medium, the anode passivation layer and/or the The cathode passivation layer oxidizes to form an oxide layer, and wherein the cell provides a current of less than 1.5 mA, or less than 1 mA, or less than 0.5 mA, or less than 0.3 mA after forming the oxide layer.
實施例145係如實施例1至144中任一項所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時，該陽極鈍化層及/或該陰極鈍化層氧化，從而形成一氧化物層，且其中在形成該氧化物層之後該電池提供小於1.5 mA、或小於1 mA、或小於0.5 mA或小於0.3 mA的電流，且進一步地其中該氧化物層在與該導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時、或小於1小時或小於30分鐘內形成。Embodiment 145 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-144, wherein when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing are in contact with a conductive aqueous medium, the anode passivation layer and/or the The cathode passivation layer is oxidized to form an oxide layer, and wherein the cell provides a current of less than 1.5 mA, or less than 1 mA, or less than 0.5 mA, or less than 0.3 mA after forming the oxide layer, and further wherein the oxidized The material layer is formed within less than 2 hours, or less than 1 hour, or less than 30 minutes after initial contact with the conductive aqueous medium.
實施例146係如實施例1至145中任一項所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時發生一電解反應，該電解反應在與該導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時、或小於1小時或小於30分鐘內被抑制或減少。Embodiment 146 is the battery of any one of embodiments 1-145, wherein an electrolytic reaction occurs when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact a conductive aqueous medium, the electrolytic reaction in Inhibition or reduction within less than 2 hours, or less than 1 hour, or less than 30 minutes after initial contact with the conductive aqueous medium.
實施例147係如實施例140至146中任一項所述之電池，其中與該導電水性介質的該接觸包含該電池放置於一水合組織上使得該水合組織接觸該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分二者以形成一導電通路。Embodiment 147 is the battery of any one of embodiments 140-146, wherein the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises placing the battery on a hydrated tissue such that the hydrated tissue contacts at least a portion of the anode casing and A portion of the cathode casing both forms a conductive path.
實施例148係如實施例147所述之電池，其中該水合組織係水合豬食道組織。Embodiment 148 is the battery of embodiment 147, wherein the hydrated tissue is hydrated porcine esophagus tissue.
實施例149係如實施例140至146中任一項所述之電池，其中與該導電水性介質的該接觸包含浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中。Embodiment 149 is the battery of any of embodiments 140-146, wherein the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises immersion in a 25% Ringer's solution.
實施例150係如實施例149所述之電池，其中在浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中持續120分鐘、或60分鐘、或20分鐘或10分鐘之後，該25% Ringer氏溶液之pH小於9、或小於8或小於7。
實施例151係如實施例149或150所述之電池，其中25% Ringer氏溶液具有5至7.5的起始pH，且在該電池浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中之後，在60分鐘時間週期內以5分鐘間隔採樣的25% Ringer氏溶液之平均pH不超過10、9.5、9、8.5或8的平均pH。Embodiment 151 is the cell of
實施例152係一種陰極殼體，包含： 一陰極內導電層； 包含一鈍化金屬的一陰極鈍化層，該鈍化金屬包含Ta、Nb、W、Ti、其合金或其任何組合； 其中該陰極鈍化層具有1 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度。 Embodiment 152 is a cathode casing comprising: a cathode inner conductive layer; a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal comprising Ta, Nb, W, Ti, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof; wherein the cathode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 µm to 400 µm.
實施例153係如實施例152所述之陰極殼體，進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陰極殼體之一外表面上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。Embodiment 153 is the cathode casing of embodiment 152, further comprising: an outer coating on an outer surface of the cathode casing, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, alloys thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof.
實施例154係如實施例153所述之陰極殼體，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 154 is the cathode casing of embodiment 153, wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 5 μm.
實施例155係如實施例153或154所述之陰極殼體，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至200 nm的均一及變化厚度。Embodiment 155 is the cathode casing of embodiments 153 or 154, wherein the outer coating has a uniform and varying thickness of 100 nm to 200 nm.
實施例156係如實施例153至155中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該外部塗層包含Ni。Embodiment 156 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 153-155, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni.
實施例157係如實施例152-156中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極鈍化層具有14 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 157 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-156, wherein the cathode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 14 μm to 200 μm.
實施例158係如實施例152-157中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中鈍化金屬包含Nb或Nb合金。Embodiment 158 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-157, wherein the passivation metal comprises Nb or a Nb alloy.
實施例159係如實施例152-157中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中鈍化金屬包含Ta或Ta合金。Embodiment 159 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-157, wherein the passivation metal comprises Ta or a Ta alloy.
實施例160係如實施例152-157中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中鈍化金屬包含W或W合金。Embodiment 160 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-157, wherein the passivation metal comprises W or a W alloy.
實施例161係如實施例152-157中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中鈍化金屬包含Ti或Ti合金。Embodiment 161 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-157, wherein the passivation metal comprises Ti or a Ti alloy.
實施例162係如實施例152-157中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中鈍化金屬包含Re或Re合金。Embodiment 162 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-157, wherein the passivation metal comprises Re or a Re alloy.
實施例163係如實施例152-162中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 163 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-162, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness from 100 μm to 350 μm.
實施例164係如實施例152-163中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極內導電層包含鋁、不銹鋼、鉻、金、釩、鎳、銀、銅、鎂、鋅、其合金或其中之任何二或更多者之組合。Embodiment 164 is the cathode casing of any one of embodiments 152-163, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer comprises aluminum, stainless steel, chromium, gold, vanadium, nickel, silver, copper, magnesium, zinc, alloys thereof or a combination of any two or more of them.
實施例165係如實施例152-164中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極內導電層包含不銹鋼。Embodiment 165 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-164, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer comprises stainless steel.
實施例166係如實施例152-165中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:5、或8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:5、或6:1至1:3、或6:1至1:2、或6:1至1:1.1、或6:1至1:1、3:1至1:5、或3:1至1:3、或3:1至1:2、或3:1至1:1.1、或3:1至1:1、或2:1至1:5、或2:1至1:3、或2:1至1:2、或2:1至1:1.1或2:1至1:1。Embodiment 166 is the cathode casing of any one of embodiments 152-165, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the cathode passivation layer to the thickness of the inner conductive layer is 8:1 to 1:5, or 8:1 to 1 :3, or 8:1 to 1:2, or 8:1 to 1:1.1, or 8:1 to 1:1, or 6:1 to 1:5, or 6:1 to 1:3, or 6 :1 to 1:2, or 6:1 to 1:1.1, or 6:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:5, or 3:1 to 1:3, or 3:1 to 1:2 , or 3:1 to 1:1.1, or 3:1 to 1:1, or 2:1 to 1:5, or 2:1 to 1:3, or 2:1 to 1:2, or 2:1 to 1:1.1 or 2:1 to 1:1.
實施例167係如實施例152-166中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時，該陰極鈍化層氧化，從而形成一氧化物層，且其中在形成該氧化物層之後該電池提供小於1.5 mA、或小於1 mA、或小於0.5 mA或小於0.3 mA的電流，且進一步地其中該氧化物層在與該導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時、或小於1小時或小於30分鐘內形成。Embodiment 167 is the cathode casing of any one of embodiments 152-166, wherein the cathode passivation layer oxidizes when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact a conductive aqueous medium, An oxide layer is thereby formed, and wherein the cell provides a current of less than 1.5 mA, or less than 1 mA, or less than 0.5 mA, or less than 0.3 mA after forming the oxide layer, and further wherein the oxide layer is in contact with the The conductive aqueous medium is formed within less than 2 hours, or less than 1 hour, or less than 30 minutes after initial contact.
實施例168係如實施例152-167中任一項所述之陰極殼體，(i)其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的表面在製造之後不曝露於周圍環境；或(ii)其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.1 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的該表面在製造之後曝露於周圍環境。 Embodiment 168 is the cathode casing of any one of embodiments 152-167, (i) wherein the surface of the cathode inner conductive layer that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is not exposed to the surrounding environment after fabrication; or (ii) wherein the cathode inner conductive layer is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.1 mm 2 , or less than 0.5 mm 2 , or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm This surface of 2 is exposed to the surrounding environment after fabrication.
實施例169係如實施例1至168中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊結構。Embodiment 169 is the cathode casing of any one of embodiments 1-168, wherein the cathode casing includes a hemmed fold structure.
實施例170係如實施例152-169中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層一起構成一包層層壓體。Embodiment 170 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-169, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer together form a cladding laminate.
實施例171係如實施例152-170中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且 其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，且其中該摺邊折疊包含一第一側面及一第二側面，且進一步地其中該第一側面及該第二側面中之各者具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層，且該摺邊折疊具有200 µm至250 µm的總厚度，其中該摺邊折疊之該第一側面接觸該摺邊折疊之該第二側面。 Embodiment 171 is the cathode casing of any one of embodiments 152-170, wherein the cathode casing is prepared from a cladding laminate, the cladding laminate comprising a cladding layer having a thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm a passivation layer of uniform or variable thickness and a conductive layer of uniform or variable thickness from 50 µm to 190 µm; and wherein the cathode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 µm to 250 µm; and wherein the cathode casing includes a hem fold, and wherein the hem fold includes a first side and a second side, and further wherein each of the first side and the second side has a uniform or varying thickness A passivation layer of 14 μm to 75 μm, and the hemming fold has a total thickness of 200 μm to 250 μm, wherein the first side of the hemming fold contacts the second side of the hemming fold.
實施例172係如實施例152-170中任一項所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極殼體與一商業製造之扁形單元電池或一紐扣單元電池之該陰極殼體可互換。Embodiment 172 is the cathode casing of any of embodiments 152-170, wherein the cathode casing is interchangeable with the cathode casing of a commercially manufactured flat cell or a coin cell.
實施例173係一種層壓體，包含： 一導電層，其中該導電層具有10 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度，及 一鈍化層，該鈍化層包含選自Ta、Nb、W、Ti、其合金及其組合的一鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化層具有10 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度，且 其中該層壓體用於一陽極殼體或一陰極殼體中。 Example 173 is a laminate comprising: a conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 10 µm to 400 µm, and a passivation layer, the passivation layer comprising a passivation metal selected from Ta, Nb, W, Ti, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof, wherein the passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 10 μm to 400 μm, and Wherein the laminate is used in an anode casing or a cathode casing.
實施例174係如實施例173所述之層壓體，進一步包含：一外部塗層。Embodiment 174 is the laminate of embodiment 173, further comprising: an outer coating.
實施例175係如實施例173或174所述之層壓體，其中該導電層具有175 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 175 is the laminate of embodiments 173 or 174, wherein the conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 175 μm to 300 μm.
實施例176係如實施例173至175中任一項所述之層壓體，其中該鈍化層具有1 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 176 is the laminate of any of embodiments 173-175, wherein the passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 μm to 100 μm.
實施例177係如實施例174至176中任一項所述之層壓體，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm或100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 177 is the laminate of any of embodiments 174-176, wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 5 μm or 100 nm to 200 nm.
實施例178係如實施例173至177中任一項所述之層壓體，其中該層壓體具有50 µm至330 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 178 is the laminate of any one of embodiments 173-177, wherein the laminate has a uniform or varying thickness from 50 μm to 330 μm.
實施例179係一種製造用於一陽極殼體或一陰極殼體中的一層壓體之方法，其中該層壓體包含： 一導電層，及 一鈍化層，該鈍化層包含選自Ta、Nb、W、Ti、其合金及其組合的一鈍化金屬， 其中該方法包含以下步驟： 層壓該導電層及該鈍化層。 Embodiment 179 is a method of making a laminate for use in an anode casing or a cathode casing, wherein the laminate comprises: a conductive layer, and a passivation layer comprising a passivation metal selected from Ta, Nb, W, Ti, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof, The method includes the following steps: The conductive layer and the passivation layer are laminated.
實施例180係一種製造用於一陽極殼體或一陰極殼體中的一層壓體之方法，其中該層壓體包含：
一導電層，其中該導電層具有10 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度，及
一鈍化層，該鈍化層包含選自Ta、Nb、W、Ti、其合金及其組合的一鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化層具有10 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度，且
其中該方法包含以下步驟：
包覆該導電層及該鈍化層。
實施例181係如實施例179或180所述之製造方法，其中該導電層具有50 µm至100 µm、或75 µm至200 µm或175 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 181 is the method of manufacture of
實施例182係如實施例179至181中任一項所述之製造方法，其中該鈍化層具有1 µm至75 µm、或50 µm至100 µm、或75 µm至200 µm或175 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 182 is the manufacturing method of any one of embodiments 179 to 181, wherein the passivation layer has 1 μm to 75 μm, or 50 μm to 100 μm, or 75 μm to 200 μm or 175 μm to 300 μm of uniform or varying thickness.
實施例183係如實施例179至182中任一項所述之製造方法，其中該層壓體厚度具有75 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 183 is the method of manufacture of any one of embodiments 179-182, wherein the laminate thickness has a uniform or varying thickness from 75 μm to 400 μm.
實施例184係如實施例179至183中任一項所述之製造方法，其中該方法進一步包含以下步驟：將一外部塗層層壓至該層壓體之該鈍化層。Embodiment 184 is the method of manufacture of any one of embodiments 179-183, wherein the method further comprises the step of laminating an outer coating to the passivation layer of the laminate.
實施例185係如實施例179至183中任一項所述之製造方法，其中該方法進一步包含以下步驟：將該外部塗層包覆至該層壓體之該鈍化層。Embodiment 185 is the method of manufacture of any one of embodiments 179-183, wherein the method further comprises the step of coating the outer coating to the passivation layer of the laminate.
實施例186係如實施例179至183中任一項所述之製造方法，其中該方法進一步包含以下步驟：將該外部塗層氣相沉積至該層壓體之該鈍化層上。Embodiment 186 is the method of manufacture of any one of embodiments 179-183, wherein the method further comprises the step of vapor-depositing the outer coating onto the passivation layer of the laminate.
實施例187係一種製造用於如實施例1至171中任一項所述之電池之該陽極殼體或該陰極殼體中的一層壓體之方法，其中該層壓體包含： 一導電層， 一鈍化層， 其中該方法包含以下步驟： 層壓該導電層及該鈍化層；且 其中該方法任選地包含以下步驟：將一外部塗層層壓至該鈍化層，其中該鈍化層安置於該導電層與該外部塗層之間。 Embodiment 187 is a method of making a laminate for use in the anode casing or the cathode casing of the cell of any one of embodiments 1-171, wherein the laminate comprises: a conductive layer, a passivation layer, The method includes the following steps: laminating the conductive layer and the passivation layer; and wherein the method optionally includes the step of laminating an outer coating to the passivation layer, wherein the passivation layer is disposed between the conductive layer and the outer coating.
實施例188係一種製造用於如實施例1至171中任一項所述之電池之該陽極殼體或該陰極殼體中的一層壓體之方法，其中該層壓體包含： 一導電層， 一鈍化層， 其中該方法包含以下步驟： 包覆該導電層及該鈍化層；且 其中該方法任選地包含以下步驟：將一外部塗層包覆至該鈍化層，其中該鈍化層安置於該導電層與該外部塗層之間。 Embodiment 188 is a method of making a laminate for use in the anode casing or the cathode casing of the cell of any one of embodiments 1-171, wherein the laminate comprises: a conductive layer, a passivation layer, The method includes the following steps: coating the conductive layer and the passivation layer; and Wherein the method optionally includes the step of coating an outer coating to the passivation layer, wherein the passivation layer is disposed between the conductive layer and the outer coating.
實施例189係一種藉由如實施例179至188中任一項所述之方法製造的層壓體。Example 189 is a laminate made by the method of any of Examples 179-188.
實施例190係如實施例173至178、或189中任一項所述之層壓體，其中該導電層包含不銹鋼。Embodiment 190 is the laminate of any of embodiments 173-178, or 189, wherein the conductive layer comprises stainless steel.
實施例191係一種製造一陰極殼體之方法，包含以下步驟： 衝壓如實施例173至178、或189中任一項所述之層壓體以形成包含一底部、一環形側部及一邊緣的一陰極殼體；且 其中該導電層形成該陰極殼體之一內表面，且 該鈍化層形成該陰極殼體之一外表面。 Embodiment 191 is a method of making a cathode casing comprising the steps of: stamping the laminate of any of Embodiments 173-178, or 189 to form a cathode casing comprising a bottom, an annular side, and an edge; and wherein the conductive layer forms an inner surface of the cathode casing, and The passivation layer forms an outer surface of the cathode casing.
實施例192係一種製造一陰極殼體之方法，包含以下步驟： 衝壓如實施例173至178、或189中任一項所述之層壓體以形成包含一底部、一環形側部及一邊緣的一陰極殼體；且 其中該導電層形成該陰極殼體之一內表面，且 該外部塗層形成該陰極殼體之一外表面，且其中一鈍化層位於該導電層與該外部塗層之間，且其中該鈍化層與該導電層及該外部塗層二者電接觸。 Embodiment 192 is a method of making a cathode casing comprising the steps of: stamping the laminate of any of Embodiments 173-178, or 189 to form a cathode casing comprising a bottom, an annular side, and an edge; and wherein the conductive layer forms an inner surface of the cathode casing, and The outer coating forms an outer surface of the cathode casing, and wherein a passivation layer is located between the conductive layer and the outer coating, and wherein the passivation layer is in electrical contact with both the conductive layer and the outer coating.
實施例193係如實施例191或192所述之方法，進一步包含： 拉製該陰極殼體之該環形側部以形成該陰極殼體之一延伸環形側部及該陰極殼體之一下部環形側部，其中該延伸環形側部與該下部環形側部相比具有更窄的厚度；及 將該延伸環形側部朝向該陰極殼體之中心折疊以形成一摺邊折疊。 Embodiment 193 is the method of embodiment 191 or 192, further comprising: The annular side of the cathode casing is drawn to form an extended annular side of the cathode casing and a lower annular side of the cathode casing, wherein the extended annular side has a lower annular side than the lower annular side narrower thickness; and Fold the extended annular side towards the center of the cathode casing to form a hemmed fold.
實施例194係一種製造一陰極殼體之方法，包含以下步驟： 提供包含一底部、一環形側部、一邊緣、一內表面及一外表面的一內部支撐構件； 將一鈍化層沉積於該內部支撐件之該外表面上；及 將一第一導電材料沉積於該內部支撐件之該內表面及任選地該邊緣上以形成一內導電層。 Embodiment 194 is a method of making a cathode casing comprising the steps of: providing an inner support member comprising a bottom, an annular side, a rim, an inner surface, and an outer surface; depositing a passivation layer on the outer surface of the inner support; and A first conductive material is deposited on the inner surface and optionally the edge of the inner support to form an inner conductive layer.
實施例195係一種製造一陰極殼體之方法，包含以下步驟： 提供包含一底部、一環形側部、一邊緣、一內表面及一外表面的一內部支撐構件； 將一鈍化層沉積於該內部支撐件之該外表面上； 將一第一導電材料沉積於該內部支撐件之該內表面及任選地該邊緣上以形成一內導電層；及 將一第二導電材料沉積於該鈍化層及任選地該邊緣上以形成一外部塗層。 Embodiment 195 is a method of making a cathode casing comprising the steps of: providing an inner support member comprising a bottom, an annular side, a rim, an inner surface, and an outer surface; depositing a passivation layer on the outer surface of the inner support; depositing a first conductive material on the inner surface and optionally the edge of the inner support to form an inner conductive layer; and A second conductive material is deposited on the passivation layer and optionally the edge to form an outer coating.
實施例196係一種製造一陰極殼體之方法，包含以下步驟： a) 將一鈍化金屬形成為具有一底部、一環形側部、一邊緣的一鈍化杯，且該底部、該環形側部及該邊緣中之各者具有一內表面及一外表面； b) 將一內導電金屬形成為具有一底部、一環形側部及一邊緣的一內導電杯，且該底部、該環形側部及該邊緣中之各者具有一內表面及一外表面； c) 將該內導電杯放入該鈍化杯中，其中該內導電杯之該等外表面與該鈍化杯之該等內表面電接觸，從而形成該陰極殼體。 Embodiment 196 is a method of making a cathode casing comprising the steps of: a) forming a passivation metal into a passivation cup having a bottom, an annular side, and an edge, and each of the bottom, the annular side, and the edge has an inner surface and an outer surface; b) forming an inner conductive metal into an inner conductive cup having a bottom, an annular side and an edge, and each of the bottom, the annular side and the edge has an inner surface and an outer surface; c) Putting the inner conductive cup into the passivation cup, wherein the outer surfaces of the inner conductive cup are in electrical contact with the inner surfaces of the passivation cup, thereby forming the cathode casing.
實施例197係如實施例196所述之方法，其中該鈍化杯之該環形側部延伸超過該內導電杯之該環形側部；且進一步包含將該鈍化杯之該邊緣折疊於該內導電杯之該邊緣之上以形成一摺邊折疊之步驟。Embodiment 197 is the method of embodiment 196, wherein the annular side of the passivation cup extends beyond the annular side of the inner conductive cup; and further comprising folding the edge of the passivation cup over the inner conductive cup on the edge to form a hemming and folding step.
實施例198係如實施例196所述之方法，其中該鈍化杯之該邊緣部分覆蓋該內導電杯之該邊緣，或其中該鈍化杯之該邊緣覆蓋該內導電杯之該邊緣。Embodiment 198 is the method of embodiment 196, wherein the edge portion of the passivation cup covers the edge of the inner conductive cup, or wherein the edge of the passivation cup covers the edge of the inner conductive cup.
實施例199如實施例196至198中任一項所述之方法，其中該鈍化杯及/或該內導電杯之該形成包含選自衝壓、線材成形、金屬鑄造或金屬射出成型的一製程。Embodiment 199 is the method of any one of embodiments 196-198, wherein the forming of the passivation cup and/or the inner conductive cup comprises a process selected from stamping, wire forming, metal casting, or metal injection molding.
實施例200係一種藉由如實施例191至199中任一項所述之方法製造的陰極殼體。
實施例201係一種包含如實施例200所述之陰極殼體的電池。
實施例202係一種包含如第2、3、4、5A至5N、6A至6D、7A至7B、8、10、13、14A至14D、15、16A至16B、17及30圖中任一者所述之陰極殼體及/或陽極殼體的電池。
實施例203係一種電池，包含：
a) 一陽極殼體；
b) 一陰極殼體，該陰極殼體包含：
i) 一陰極內導電層，該陰極內導電層包含鋁(Al)、不銹鋼、鉻(Cr)、金(Au)、釩(V)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、銅(Cu)、鎂(Mg)、鋅(Zn)、其合金或其中之任何二或更多者之組合，及
ii) 一陰極鈍化層，該陰極鈍化層包含一鈍化金屬，該鈍化金屬包含鈮(Nb)、鉭(Ta)其合金或其任何組合，其中該陰極鈍化層具有1 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度，
ii) 其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:2.5，
iii) 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊結構，
iv) 且進一步地其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸，
c) 一電化學單元，該電化學單元包含一陽極、一陰極及定位於該陽極與該陰極之間的一分離器；及
d) 一墊圈，該墊圈位於該陽極殼體與該陰極殼體之間。
實施例204係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有14 nm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一層中。
實施例205係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該電池進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陽極殼體之一外表面或該陰極殼體之一外表面或二者上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm的均一及變化厚度。
實施例206係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:2、或3:1至1:2、或2:1至1:2。
實施例207係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該外部塗層包含Ni且具有100 nm至200 nm的均一及變化厚度。Embodiment 207 is the cell of
實施例208係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的表面在製造之後不曝露於周圍環境。Embodiment 208 is the cell of
實施例209係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該內導電層之與該鈍化層電接觸的小於0.01 mm
2、或小於0.05 mm
2、或小於0.1 mm
2、或小於0.5 mm
2、或小於1.0 mm
2或小於1.5 mm
2的該表面在製造之後曝露於周圍環境。
Embodiment 209 is the battery of
實施例210係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且
其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且
其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，該摺邊折疊在該摺邊折疊之各側面上具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層及222 µm至50 µm的總內導電層厚度；且
其中該陰極殼體包含一環形側壁，該環形側壁包含均一或變化厚度為60 µm至200 µm的一鈍化層及190 µm至50 µm的內導電層厚度。
Embodiment 210 is the battery of
實施例210a係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且
其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且
其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，且其中該摺邊折疊包含一第一側面及一第二側面，且進一步地其中該第一側面及該第二側面中之各者具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層，且該摺邊折疊具有200 µm至250 µm的總厚度，其中該摺邊折疊之該第一側面接觸該摺邊折疊之該第二側面。
Embodiment 210a is the battery of
實施例211係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 211 is the cell of
實施例212係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該陰極內導電層包含不銹鋼。Embodiment 212 is the cell of
實施例213係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該陰極殼體具有50 µm至400 µm或200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 213 is the cell of
實施例214係如實施例203所述之電池，其中該電池係一扁形或紐扣單元型電池。Embodiment 214 is the battery of
實施例215係如實施例203所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時透過一導電水性介質在該陽極與該陰極之間形成一導電通路，且進一步地其中該導電通路在與該導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時、或小於1小時或小於30分鐘內被減少或抑制。Embodiment 215 is the cell of
實施例216係如實施例203所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時，該陰極鈍化層氧化，從而形成一氧化物層，且其中在形成該氧化物層之後該電池提供小於1.5 mA、或小於1 mA、或小於0.5 mA或小於0.3 mA的電流。Embodiment 216 is the battery of
實施例217係如實施例203所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時，該陰極鈍化層氧化，從而形成一氧化物層，且其中在形成該氧化物層之後該電池提供小於1.5 mA、或小於1 mA、或小於0.5 mA或小於0.3 mA的電流，且進一步地其中該氧化物層在與該導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時、或小於1小時或小於30分鐘內形成。Embodiment 217 is the battery of
實施例218係如實施例203所述之電池，其中當該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分接觸一導電水性介質時發生一電解反應，該電解反應在與該導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時、或小於1小時或小於30分鐘內被抑制或減少。Embodiment 218 is the battery of
實施例219係如實施例215所述之電池，其中與該導電水性介質的該接觸包含該電池放置於一水合組織上使得該水合組織接觸該陽極殼體之至少一部分及該陰極殼體之一部分二者以形成一導電通路，其中該水合組織係水合豬食道組織。Embodiment 219 is the battery of embodiment 215, wherein the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises placing the battery on a hydrated tissue such that the hydrated tissue contacts at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing The two form a conductive pathway, wherein the hydrated tissue is hydrated porcine esophagus tissue.
實施例220係如實施例215所述之電池，其中與該導電水性介質的該接觸包含浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中，且 i) 其中在浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中持續120分鐘、或60分鐘、或20分鐘或10分鐘之後，該25% Ringer氏溶液之pH小於9、或小於8或小於7；及/或 ii) 其中25% Ringer氏溶液具有5至7.5的起始pH，且在該電池浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中之後，在60分鐘時間週期內以5分鐘間隔採樣的25% Ringer氏溶液之平均pH不超過10、9.5、9、8.5或8的平均pH。 Embodiment 220 is the battery of embodiment 215, wherein the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises immersion in a 25% Ringer's solution, and i) wherein the pH of the 25% Ringer's solution is less than 9, or less than 8 or less than 7 after immersion in the 25% Ringer's solution for 120 minutes, or 60 minutes, or 20 minutes or 10 minutes; and/or ii) where the 25% Ringer's solution has an initial pH of 5 to 7.5 and the average pH of the 25% Ringer's solution sampled at 5 minute intervals over a 60 minute time period after the cell is immersed in the 25% Ringer's solution Do not exceed an average pH of 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5 or 8.
實施例221係一種陰極殼體，包含： a) 一陰極內導電層，該陰極內導電層包含鋁(Al)、不銹鋼、鉻(Cr)、金(Au)、釩(V)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、銅(Cu)、鎂(Mg)、鋅(Zn)、其合金或其中之任何二或更多者之組合； b) 一陰極鈍化層，該陰極鈍化層包含一鈍化金屬，該鈍化金屬包含Ta、Nb、其合金或其任何組合，其中該陰極鈍化層具有1 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度， 其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:2.5， 且進一步地其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊結構。 Embodiment 221 is a cathode casing comprising: a) A cathode inner conductive layer, the cathode inner conductive layer includes aluminum (Al), stainless steel, chromium (Cr), gold (Au), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) , magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), alloys thereof, or a combination of any two or more thereof; b) a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal comprising Ta, Nb, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, wherein the cathode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 µm to 400 µm, Wherein the ratio of the thickness of the cathode passivation layer to the thickness of the inner conductive layer is 8:1 to 1:2.5, And further, the cathode casing includes a folded edge structure.
實施例222係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，進一步包含：一外部塗層，該外部塗層位於該陰極殼體之一外表面上，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 222 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, further comprising: an outer coating on an outer surface of the cathode casing, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, alloys thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof, wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 5 µm.
實施例223係如實施例222所述之陰極殼體，其中該外部塗層包含Ni且具有100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 223 is the cathode casing of embodiment 222, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni and has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 200 nm.
實施例224係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極鈍化層具有14 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 224 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the cathode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 14 μm to 200 μm.
實施例225係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中鈍化金屬包含Nb或Nb合金。Embodiment 225 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the passivation metal comprises Nb or a Nb alloy.
實施例226係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中鈍化金屬包含Ta或Ta合金。Embodiment 226 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the passivation metal comprises Ta or a Ta alloy.
實施例227係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極內導電層具有100 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。Embodiment 227 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 μm to 350 μm.
實施例228係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極內導電層包含不銹鋼。Embodiment 228 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer comprises stainless steel.
實施例229係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極鈍化層厚度對該內導電層厚度之比率為8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:2、或3:1至1:2、或2:1至1:2。Embodiment 229 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the cathode passivation layer to the thickness of the inner conductive layer is 8:1 to 1:3, or 8:1 to 1:2, or 8:1 1 to 1:1.1, or 8:1 to 1:1, or 6:1 to 1:2, or 3:1 to 1:2, or 2:1 to 1:2.
實施例230係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中 (i)該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的表面在製造之後不曝露於周圍環境； 或(ii)該陰極內導電層之與該陰極鈍化層電接觸的小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.1 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的該表面在製造之後曝露於周圍環境。 Embodiment 230 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein (i) the surface of the conductive layer within the cathode that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is not exposed to the surrounding environment after fabrication; or (ii) within the cathode The surface of the conductive layer that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.1 mm 2 , or less than 0.5 mm 2 , or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm 2 after fabrication exposure to the surrounding environment.
實施例231係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且 其中該陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，該摺邊折疊在該摺邊折疊之各側面上具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層及222 µm至50 µm的總內導電層厚度；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一環形側壁，該環形側壁包含均一或變化厚度為60 µm至200 µm的一鈍化層及190 µm至50 µm的內導電層厚度。 Embodiment 231 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the cathode casing is prepared from a cladding laminate comprising a a passivation layer and a conductive layer having a uniform or varying thickness of 50 µm to 190 µm; and wherein the cathode casing has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 µm to 250 µm; and Wherein the cathode casing comprises a hemmed fold with a passivation layer of uniform or varying thickness of 14 μm to 75 μm and a total inner conductive layer of 222 μm to 50 μm on each side of the hemmed fold thickness; and The cathode casing includes an annular sidewall, and the annular sidewall includes a passivation layer with a uniform or variable thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm and an inner conductive layer with a thickness of 190 μm to 50 μm.
實施例231a係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極殼體由一包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含具有60 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度的一鈍化層及具有50 µm至190 µm的均一或變化厚度的一導電層；且 其中該陰極殼體包含一摺邊折疊，且其中該摺邊折疊包含一第一側面及一第二側面，且進一步地其中該第一側面及該第二側面中之各者具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的一鈍化層，且該摺邊折疊具有200 µm至250 µm的總厚度，其中該摺邊折疊之該第一側面接觸該摺邊折疊之該第二側面。 Embodiment 231a is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the cathode casing is prepared from a cladding laminate comprising a a passivation layer and a conductive layer having a uniform or varying thickness of 50 µm to 190 µm; and wherein the cathode casing includes a hem fold, and wherein the hem fold includes a first side and a second side, and further wherein each of the first side and the second side has a uniform or varying thickness A passivation layer of 14 μm to 75 μm, and the hemming fold has a total thickness of 200 μm to 250 μm, wherein the first side of the hemming fold contacts the second side of the hemming fold.
實施例232係如實施例221所述之陰極殼體，其中該陰極殼體與一商業製造之扁形單元電池或一紐扣單元電池之該陰極殼體可互換。Embodiment 232 is the cathode casing of embodiment 221, wherein the cathode casing is interchangeable with the cathode casing of a commercially manufactured flat cell or a coin cell.
如本文所用，「約」係指數值，包括例如整數、分數及百分數，無論是否明確指示。除非另外陳述或除非自使用該值的上下文清楚得知，否則所有數值，無論前面是否有用語約，都是近似值且通常係指熟習此項技術者將認為等同於所列舉值(例如，具有相同功能或結果)的數值範圍(例如，所列舉範圍之+/-5%至10%)。當諸如至少及約的用語在數值或範圍之列表前面時，用語修飾該列表中所提供的所有值或範圍。在一些情況下，用語約可包括捨入至最接近有效數字的數值。As used herein, "about" refers to an index value including, for example, whole numbers, fractions, and percentages, whether or not expressly indicated. Unless otherwise stated or unless clearly understood from the context in which the value is used, all numerical values, whether or not preceded by the term about, are approximations and generally mean what one skilled in the art would consider equivalent to the recited values (eg, having the same function or result) within a numerical range (eg, +/- 5% to 10% of the recited range). When a term such as at least and about precedes a list of values or ranges, the term modifies all values or ranges provided in that list. In some cases, the term about may include rounding to the nearest significant digit.
如本文所用，除非另外規定，否則「一個」或「一種」意指「至少一個」或「一個或多個」。如本文所用，除非另外規定，否則用語「或」意指「及/或」。在多項從屬申請專利範圍之上下文中，引用其他請求項時使用的「或」僅僅係指替代方案中之彼等請求項。As used herein, "a" or "an" means "at least one" or "one or more" unless specified otherwise. As used herein, the term "or" means "and/or" unless stated otherwise. In the context of multiple dependent claims, the use of "or" when referring to other claims refers only to those claims in the alternative.
在本說明書中，除非另外明確陳述或在使用上下文中相反地指示，否則在將本說明書之主題之一態樣或實施例陳述或描述為包含、包括、含有、具有某些特徵或元素、由其組成或由其構成之情況下，實施例中可存在除了明確陳述或描述之彼等特徵或元素之外的一或多個特徵或元素。然而，可將本說明書之主題之任何替代態樣或實施例陳述或描述為本質上由某些特徵或元素組成，在該等特徵或元素中，不存在將實質上變更操作原理或者態樣或實施例之可區別特性的態樣或實施例特徵或元素。另外，可將本說明書之主題之任何態樣或實施例陳述或描述為由某些特徵或元素組成，在該等特徵或元素中，對於該態樣或該實施例或者對於該態樣或該實施例之非實質性變化，僅存在具體陳述或描述為與該態樣或該實施例相關的特徵或元素。另外，用語「包含」意欲包括用語「實質上由……組成」及「由……組成」所涵蓋的態樣、實施例、特徵或元素。類似地，用語「實質上由……組成」意欲包括用語「由……組成」所涵蓋的態樣、實施例、特徵或元素。In this specification, unless expressly stated otherwise or indicated to the contrary in the context of use, an aspect or embodiment of the subject matter of this specification is stated or described as comprising, including, containing, having certain features or elements, consisting of One or more features or elements other than those expressly stated or described may be present in an embodiment, being composed of or consisting of. However, any alternative aspect or embodiment of the subject matter of this specification may be stated or described as consisting essentially of certain features or elements in which no such feature or element would materially alter the principle or aspect or Aspects or embodiment features or elements of a distinguishing characteristic of an embodiment. Additionally, any aspect or embodiment of the subject matter of this specification may be stated or described as consisting of certain features or elements, in which features or elements, for that aspect or embodiment or for that aspect or that Insubstantial variations of an embodiment exist only with the features or elements specifically stated or described as being related to that aspect or this embodiment. Additionally, the term "comprising" is intended to include aspects, embodiments, features or elements encompassed by the terms "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of." Similarly, the phrase "consisting essentially of" is intended to include aspects, embodiments, features or elements encompassed by the phrase "consisting of."
如本文所用，「鈍化金屬」係指一種金屬，該金屬當存在於電池之陰極殼體或陽極殼體與陰極殼體二者之外表面上時減少或抑制在電池浸入導電水性介質中時的水電解。當鈍化金屬存在於電池之陰極殼體或陽極殼體與陰極殼體二者之外表面上且電池不與水性導電介質接觸時，金屬保持導電性。鈍化金屬可以係例如Ta、Nb、W、Re或Ti。As used herein, "passivating metal" refers to a metal that, when present on the outer surfaces of the cathode casing or both the anode casing and the cathode casing of a battery, reduces or inhibits the activity of the battery when the battery is immersed in a conductive aqueous medium Water electrolysis. When the passivating metal is present on the outer surfaces of the cathode casing or both the anode casing and the cathode casing of the cell and the cell is not in contact with the aqueous conductive medium, the metal remains conductive. The passivation metal can be, for example, Ta, Nb, W, Re or Ti.
在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬係實質上純的金屬。在一些實施例中，可存在二或更多種鈍化金屬。在另一實施例中，鈍化金屬係合金。在其他實施例中，鈍化金屬包含至少兩種鈍化金屬之合金。In some embodiments, the passivating metal is a substantially pure metal. In some embodiments, two or more passivating metals may be present. In another embodiment, the metal-based alloy is passivated. In other embodiments, the passivation metal comprises an alloy of at least two passivation metals.
如本文所用，「鈍化層」係指陰極殼體之包含鈍化金屬的至少一個層、或陽極殼體及陰極殼體二者之包含鈍化金屬的至少一個層。As used herein, "passivation layer" refers to at least one layer of the cathode casing that includes a passivation metal, or at least one layer of both the anode casing and the cathode casing that includes a passivation metal.
如本文所用，「鈍化」包括但不限於電池沒有能力在生物環境中引起顯著損傷。水電解之減少係電池已鈍化的一個指標。水電解減少之一個指標可以係當電池與導電水性介質接觸時陽極鼓泡之減少。替代地，陽極端子附近低於8的穩定pH可指示電解減少。鈍化之另一個指標係浸入導電水性介質中的電池之電解電流消耗減少至小於1 mA、小於100 µA、小於10 µA或小於1 µA。As used herein, "passivation" includes, but is not limited to, the inability of a battery to cause significant damage in a biological environment. The reduction in water electrolysis is an indicator that the battery has been passivated. One indicator of the reduction in water electrolysis can be the reduction in anode bubbling when the cell is in contact with the conductive aqueous medium. Alternatively, a stable pH below 8 near the anode terminal may indicate reduced electrolysis. Another indicator of passivation is the reduction of electrolytic current consumption to less than 1 mA, less than 100 µA, less than 10 µA, or less than 1 µA for cells immersed in a conductive aqueous medium.
如本文所用，「迅速鈍化」或「迅速地鈍化」不限於意指在浸入導電水性介質中時在小於2小時、小於30分鐘、小於15分鐘、小於10分鐘、小於5分鐘、小於1分鐘或小於15秒內發生失活。As used herein, "rapidly passivated" or "rapidly passivated" is not limited to mean less than 2 hours, less than 30 minutes, less than 15 minutes, less than 10 minutes, less than 5 minutes, less than 1 minute, or Inactivation occurs in less than 15 seconds.
如本文所用，「電接觸」係指二或更多個組件之間的接觸，該接觸允許電流在一定電阻下在二或更多個組件之間流動。當施加電位時，電流可在二或更多個組件之間流動。電流可以但並非必須連續流過處於電接觸的材料。可藉由測量電阻、電流及/或電壓來判定流過電接觸的電流。用語電流(current)、電阻(resistance)及/或電壓(voltage)可與用語電流(electrical current)、電阻(electrical resistance)及或電壓(electrical voltage)可互換地使用。As used herein, "electrical contact" refers to a contact between two or more components that allows electrical current to flow between the two or more components at a certain resistance. When a potential is applied, current can flow between two or more components. Current may, but need not, continuously flow through the material in electrical contact. The current flowing through the electrical contacts can be determined by measuring resistance, current and/or voltage. The terms current, resistance and/or voltage may be used interchangeably with the terms electrical current, electrical resistance and or electrical voltage.
在一個實施例中，可藉由判定內導電層與鈍化層之間的電阻來測量電接觸。在一個實施例中，兩個材料之間(例如，兩個層之間)的電阻為小於1 Ohm、0.01 Ohm至1 Ohm、1 Ohm至10 Ohm或10 Ohm至100 Ohm。In one embodiment, electrical contact can be measured by determining the resistance between the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer. In one embodiment, the resistance between two materials (eg, between two layers) is less than 1 Ohm, 0.01 Ohm to 1 Ohm, 1 Ohm to 10 Ohm, or 10 Ohm to 100 Ohm.
在一些實施例中，電接觸包含透過塗層、壓製、包覆、捲製、衝壓、捏縮、軟銲、焊接及/或使用黏合劑物理接觸的至少兩個導電表面(例如，內導電層及鈍化層)。在其他實施例中，電接觸包含緊密接近從而允許表面之間的量子隧穿的至少兩個導電表面。在另一個實施例中，使用量子隧穿複合材料來進行電接觸。In some embodiments, the electrical contact comprises physically contacting at least two conductive surfaces (eg, the inner conductive layer) through coating, pressing, wrapping, rolling, stamping, pinching, soldering, soldering, and/or using an adhesive and passivation layer). In other embodiments, the electrical contact comprises at least two conductive surfaces in close proximity to allow quantum tunneling between the surfaces. In another embodiment, quantum tunneling composites are used to make electrical contacts.
如本文所用，「導電通路」包括但不限於電荷可流動以完成電池之陽極、負極端子與陰極、正極端子之間的電路所在的路徑。例如如第2圖所描繪的電池之陽極殼體
201及陰極殼體
202在二者與導電水性介質接觸時可形成導電通路。水電解係導電通路存在的一個指標。水電解之一個指標可為當電池與導電水性介質接觸時陽極鼓泡之存在。替代地，陽極端子附近的pH增加可指示導電通路之存在。
As used herein, a "conductive path" includes, but is not limited to, a path through which an electrical charge can flow to complete the electrical circuit between the anode, negative terminal and the cathode, positive terminal of a battery. For example, the
在如本文所描述對乾電池執行的測試中，若電池尚未與水性介質接觸，則可認為該電池是「乾」的，或者若已經與水性介質接觸，則將該電池自水中取出並例如藉由將其放置於乾燥器中進行乾燥持續至少約24小時。In tests performed on dry cells as described herein, a cell may be considered "dry" if it has not been in contact with an aqueous medium, or if it has been in contact with an aqueous medium, the cell is removed from water and, for example, by It is placed in a desiccator to dry for at least about 24 hours.
「增加」意指相對於基準的增加。在一些實施例中，「增加」意指相對於參考值增加5%或更多、10%或更多、20%或更多、30%或更多、40%或更多、50%或更多、60%或更多、70%或更多、80%或更多、90%或更多、100%或更多、200%或更多、1000%或更多、10,000%及/或100,000%。在一些實施例中，「增加」意指增加5%至100%、100%至10,000%、10,000%至1,000,000%。"Increase" means an increase relative to a baseline. In some embodiments, "increase" means an increase of 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more relative to a reference value More, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 100% or more, 200% or more, 1000% or more, 10,000% and/or 100,000 %. In some embodiments, "increase" means an increase of 5% to 100%, 100% to 10,000%, 10,000% to 1,000,000%.
在一些實施例中，增加可參考在與導電水性介質接觸之前、期間或之後內導電層與鈍化層之間的電阻。在一些實施例中，增加可參考與包含鈍化金屬的電池經受相同條件的不具有鈍化金屬的相似電池之電阻。In some embodiments, the increase may refer to the resistance between the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer before, during, or after contact with the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the increase may refer to the resistance of a similar cell without the passivation metal subjected to the same conditions as the cell including the passivation metal.
「減少」意指相對於基準的減少。在一些實施例中，「減少」意指相對於參考值減少5%或更多、10%或更多、20%或更多、30%或更多、40%或更多、50%或更多、60%或更多、70%或更多、80%或更多、90%或更多、99%或更多、100%。在一些實施例中，「減少」意指減少5%至50%、10%至20%、50%至100%。"Decrease" means a decrease from a baseline. In some embodiments, "reduce" means a reduction of 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more relative to a reference value More, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 99% or more, 100%. In some embodiments, "reduction" means a reduction of 5% to 50%, 10% to 20%, 50% to 100%.
在一些實施例中，減少可參考在與導電水性介質接觸之前的電池之電接觸、電流或電壓。在一些實施例中，減少可參考不具有鈍化金屬的相似電池之電接觸、電化學反應速率、電流或電壓。In some embodiments, the reduction may refer to electrical contact, current, or voltage of the cell prior to contact with the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the reduction may refer to electrical contacts, electrochemical reaction rates, currents, or voltages of similar cells without passivating metals.
「抑制」意指與基準相比，阻止動作發生。在一些實施例中，抑制可參考在與導電水性介質接觸之前的電池之電化學反應或電流。"Suppressing" means preventing an action from occurring compared to a baseline. In some embodiments, inhibition may refer to the electrochemical reaction or current flow of the cell prior to contact with the conductive aqueous medium.
如本文所用之「導電水性介質」包括但不限於導電含水溶液，諸如鹽水溶液及緩衝水溶液；體液，諸如消化液、唾液、黏液、食糜、膽汁、濕組織及血液；水性凝膠；及類似者。導電水性介質之電阻率為1 MOhm-cm或更少。導電水性介質之pH之範圍可為1 pH至9 pH、1 pH至3 pH、4 pH至7 pH及7 pH至9 pH以模擬不同的生物溶液。"Conductive aqueous medium" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, conductive aqueous solutions, such as saline solutions and buffered aqueous solutions; body fluids, such as digestive juices, saliva, mucus, chyme, bile, wet tissue, and blood; aqueous gels; and the like By. The resistivity of the conductive aqueous medium is 1 MOhm-cm or less. The pH of the conductive aqueous medium can range from 1 pH to 9 pH, 1 pH to 3 pH, 4 pH to 7 pH, and 7 pH to 9 pH to simulate different biological solutions.
如本文所用之「非導電水性介質」係指純化水或去離子水或包括非離子清潔劑的水溶液，其中該溶液具有大於1 MOhm-cm的電阻率。"Non-conductive aqueous medium" as used herein refers to purified or deionized water or an aqueous solution including a non-ionic detergent, wherein the solution has a resistivity greater than 1 MOhm-cm.
如本文所用，具有「均一」厚度的層或材料或組件具有在層內變化不多於例如0%至0.5%、或0%至1%、或0%至5%、或0%至10%、或0%至12%或0%至15%的一致厚度。若指定厚度範圍或值，則該層在指定範圍內或與指定值的變化不多於例如0%至0.5%、或0%至1%、或0%至5%、或0%至10%、或0%至12%或0%至15%。As used herein, a layer or material or component having a "uniform" thickness has a variation within a layer of no more than, for example, 0% to 0.5%, or 0% to 1%, or 0% to 5%, or 0% to 10% , or a consistent thickness of 0% to 12% or 0% to 15%. If a thickness range or value is specified, the layer does not vary more than, for example, 0% to 0.5%, or 0% to 1%, or 0% to 5%, or 0% to 10% within the specified range or from the specified value , or 0% to 12% or 0% to 15%.
如本文所用，具有「變化」厚度的層或材料或組件係在層內變化例如15%至500%、或15%至300%、或15%至200%、或15%至100%、或15%至50%、或15%至25%或15%至20%的層。 若指定厚度範圍或值，則該層可在指定範圍內(或與指定值的)變化例如15%至500%、或15%至300%、或15%至200%、或15%至100%、或15%至50%、或15%至25%或15%至20%，其中除非另外指示，否則該範圍包括所列舉端點。As used herein, a layer or material or component having a "variable" thickness is one that varies within a layer, eg, 15% to 500%, or 15% to 300%, or 15% to 200%, or 15% to 100%, or 15% % to 50%, or 15% to 25% or 15% to 20% of the layers. If a thickness range or value is specified, the layer may vary within the specified range (or from the specified value), eg, 15% to 500%, or 15% to 300%, or 15% to 200%, or 15% to 100% , or 15% to 50%, or 15% to 25% or 15% to 20%, wherein the range includes the recited endpoint unless otherwise indicated.
出於本揭露之目的，具有指定範圍的均一或變化厚度的層係具有該層之在指定範圍內的至少一些部分的層，其中除非另外指示，否則該範圍包括所列舉端點。具有指定範圍或值的均一或變化厚度的層亦可具有層之不在指定範圍內的一些部分。層可具有多達30%、或0.1%至20%或0.1%至10%的層落在所列舉厚度範圍或值之外。 例如，包含摺邊折疊結構的陰極殼體(參見第15B圖及第15C圖)可在摺邊折疊之彎曲處或在該層之至少一部分在指定範圍或值之外的終端處具有區域。 I . 示範性電池 For the purposes of this disclosure, a layer of uniform or varying thickness having a specified range is a layer having at least some portion of the layer within the specified range, where the range includes the recited endpoints unless otherwise indicated. A layer of uniform or varying thickness having a specified range or value may also have portions of the layer that are not within the specified range. The layers may have up to 30%, or 0.1% to 20% or 0.1% to 10% of the layer outside the recited thickness ranges or values. For example, a cathode casing comprising a hem fold structure (see Figures 15B and 15C) may have regions at the bends of the hem folds or at the termination of at least a portion of the layer outside a specified range or value. I. Exemplary battery
本揭露提供比現有電池更安全且在攝入時例如在兒童或寵物意外吞下電池時不太可能損害組織的電池。在一些實施例中，在存在由電池供應的電位差之情況下，電池在諸如與生物組織接觸的導電水性環境中迅速鈍化。本揭露與任何電池有關，且在特定實施例中，本揭露提供紐扣或扁形單元型電池，諸如標稱3伏或標稱1.5伏的扁形單元型電池。The present disclosure provides batteries that are safer than existing batteries and less likely to damage tissue when ingested, such as when accidentally swallowed by a child or pet. In some embodiments, the battery is rapidly passivated in a conductive aqueous environment such as in contact with biological tissue in the presence of a potential difference supplied by the battery. The present disclosure pertains to any battery, and in particular embodiments, the present disclosure provides a button or flat cell battery, such as a nominal 3 volt or nominal 1.5 volt flat cell battery.
在本文所揭示之一些實施例中，電池包含Ta。 在其他實施例中，電池包含Nb。 在一些實施例中，電池包含Ti。在一些實施例中，電池包含W。在一些實施例中，電池包含Re。在一些實施例中，電池包含Re、Ta、Nb、W及/或Ti之合金。在一些實施例中，電池包含Re、Ta、Nb、W及/或Ti之任何組合。在本文所揭示之一些實施例中，陰極殼體或者陽極殼體及陽極殼體包含Re、或Ta、或Nb、或W、或Ti或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。在一些實施例中，陰極殼體或者陽極殼體及陽極殼體包含Re、Ta、Nb、W及/或Ti或其中之二或更多者之任何組合之合金。In some embodiments disclosed herein, the battery includes Ta. In other embodiments, the battery contains Nb. In some embodiments, the battery includes Ti. In some embodiments, the battery contains W. In some embodiments, the battery contains Re. In some embodiments, the battery includes alloys of Re, Ta, Nb, W and/or Ti. In some embodiments, the battery includes any combination of Re, Ta, Nb, W and/or Ti. In some embodiments disclosed herein, the cathode casing or the anode casing and the anode casing comprise Re, or Ta, or Nb, or W, or Ti, or any combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the cathode casing or the anode casing and the anode casing comprise alloys of Re, Ta, Nb, W and/or Ti or any combination of two or more thereof.
在本文所揭示之一些實施例中，電池包含鈍化金屬。在本文所揭示之一些實施例中，電池在鈍化層中包含鈍化金屬。In some embodiments disclosed herein, the battery includes a passivation metal. In some embodiments disclosed herein, the cell includes a passivation metal in the passivation layer.
在本文所揭示之一些實施例中，電池包含內導電層。 在一些實施例中，內導電層安置於鈍化層與電化學單元之陽極或陰極之間。在一些實施例中，內導電層與鈍化層電接觸且與電化學單元之陽極或陰極電接觸。In some embodiments disclosed herein, the battery includes an inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer is disposed between the passivation layer and the anode or cathode of the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer is in electrical contact with the passivation layer and is in electrical contact with the anode or cathode of the electrochemical cell.
在一些實施例中，電池包含鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化金屬存在於具有100 nm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度的層中。 在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬存在於具有以下均一或變化厚度的層中：100 nm至1 µm、100 nm至3 µm、100 nm至5 µm、100 nm至10 µm、1 µm至400 µm、3 µm至100 µm、3 µm至50 µm、15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、25 µm至50 µm、50 µm至400 µm、50 µm至300 µm、50 µm至200 µm、50 µm至175 µm、55 µm至400 µm、55 µm至300 µm、55 µm至200 µm、60 µm至400 µm、60 µm至300 µm、60 µm至200 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm。本申請案通篇揭示另外的示範性範圍。In some embodiments, the cell includes a passivation metal, wherein the passivation metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 400 μm. In some embodiments, the passivating metal is present in layers having the following uniform or varying thicknesses: 100 nm to 1 µm, 100 nm to 3 µm, 100 nm to 5 µm, 100 nm to 10 µm, 1 µm to 400 µm, 3 µm to 100 µm, 3 µm to 50 µm, 15 µm to 300 µm, 14 µm to 200 µm, 25 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 400 µm, 50 µm to 300 µm, 50 µm to 200 µm, 50 µm to 175 µm, 55 µm to 400 µm, 55 µm to 300 µm, 55 µm to 200 µm, 60 µm to 400 µm, 60 µm to 300 µm, 60 µm to 200 µm, 200 µm to 300 µm, or 300 µm to 400 µm µm. Additional exemplary ranges are disclosed throughout this application.
本文提供一種陰極殼體，該陰極殼體包含：陰極內導電層；及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。在一些實施例中，本揭露之電池包含陰極殼體，該陰極殼體包含：陰極內導電層；及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。Provided herein is a cathode casing comprising: a cathode inner conductive layer; and a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact. In some embodiments, the battery of the present disclosure includes a cathode casing including: a cathode inner conductive layer; and a cathode passivation layer including a passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在一些實施例中，內導電層具有1 nm至400 µm、或175 µm至300 µm或75至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。通篇提供內導電層厚度之其他實例。In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 nm to 400 μm, or 175 μm to 300 μm, or 75 to 300 μm. Additional examples of inner conductive layer thicknesses are provided throughout.
在一些實施例中，鈍化層相對於內導電層的厚度經選擇以最小化或防止在電池或陰極殼體曝露於導電水性介質或浸入其中時內導電層之與鈍化層電接觸的表面曝露。 在一些實施例中，鈍化層相對於內導電層的厚度經選擇以最小化或防止在製造期間例如在捲製、輥壓或折疊製程(例如，用於製造摺邊折疊之製程)期間鈍化層開裂。 摺邊折疊係用於將環形側壁朝向陰極殼體之內表面折疊的製程。這有利於鈍化層在陰極殼體邊緣處呈現。 至少在第14A圖、第14D圖以及第15A圖、第15B圖及第15C圖中展示摺邊折疊。最小化或防止開裂的鈍化層之厚度基於鈍化層、內導電層以及陰極及/或陽極殼體形式之選擇變化。In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer relative to the inner conductive layer is selected to minimize or prevent exposure of the surface of the inner conductive layer in electrical contact with the passivation layer when the cell or cathode casing is exposed to or immersed in a conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer relative to the inner conductive layer is selected to minimize or prevent the passivation layer during manufacture, such as during rolling, rolling, or folding processes (eg, processes used to make hemming folds) cracked. Hemfolding is a process used to fold the annular side wall towards the inner surface of the cathode casing. This facilitates the presence of the passivation layer at the edges of the cathode casing. Hemmed folds are shown at least in Figures 14A, 14D, and 15A, 15B, and 15C. The thickness of the passivation layer to minimize or prevent cracking varies based on the choice of passivation layer, inner conductive layer, and cathode and/or anode casing form.
在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度為內導電層厚度之1%至10,000%。在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度為內導電層厚度之10%至1000%。 在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度為內導電層厚度之100%至10,000%。在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度為內導電層厚度之100%至1000%。在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度為內導電層厚度之100%至500%。In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 1% to 10,000% of the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 10% to 1000% of the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 100% to 10,000% of the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 100% to 1000% of the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 100% to 500% of the thickness of the inner conductive layer.
在一些實施例中，(陽極或陰極之)內導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:內導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1:1至5、或1:1.1至4.5、或1:1.5至4、或1:2至3、或1:1、或1:1.2、或1:1.5、或1:2、或1:2.5、或1:3、或1:3.5、或1:4、或1:4.5或1:5。在一些實施例中，(陽極或陰極之)內導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:內導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1:1至20、或1:1至10、或1:10或1:20。在其他實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:內導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1至20:1、或1至10:1、或10:1或20:1。在其他實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:內導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1至5:1、或1.1至4.5:1、或1.5至4:1、或2至3:1、或1:1、或1.2:1、或1.5:1、或2:1、或2.5:1、或3:1、或3.5:1、或4:1、或4.5:1或5:1。為清楚起見，1:1至X比率的範圍係指1:1至1:X，而1至X:1係指1:X至1:1。 在一些實施例中，(陽極或陰極之)內導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:內導電層)的均一或變化厚度：8:1至1:5、或8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:5、或6:1至1:3、或6:1至1:2、或6:1至1:1.1、或6:1至1:1、3:1至1:5、或3:1至1:3、或3:1至1:2、或3:1至1:1.1、或3:1至1:1、或2:1至1:5、或2:1至1:3、或2:1至1:2、或2:1至1:1.1或2:1至1:1。In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer (of the anode or cathode) and the passivation layer have uniform or varying thicknesses of the following ratio (passivation layer: inner conductive layer): 1 : 1 to 5, or 1 : 1.1 to 4.5, or 1 : 1.5 to 4, or 1:2 to 3, or 1:1, or 1:1.2, or 1:1.5, or 1:2, or 1:2.5, or 1:3, or 1:3.5, or 1: 4, or 1:4.5 or 1:5. In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer (of the anode or cathode) and the passivation layer have uniform or varying thicknesses of the following ratio (passivation layer: inner conductive layer): 1 : 1 to 20, or 1 : 1 to 10, or 1 :10 or 1:20. In other embodiments, the conductive and passivation layers in the laminate have uniform or varying thicknesses in the following ratio (passivation layer: inner conductive layer): 1 to 20:1, or 1 to 10:1, or 10:1 or 20:1. In other embodiments, the conductive and passivation layers in the laminate have uniform or varying thicknesses of the following ratios (passivation layer: inner conductive layer): 1 to 5:1, or 1.1 to 4.5:1, or 1.5 to 4 :1, or 2 to 3:1, or 1:1, or 1.2:1, or 1.5:1, or 2:1, or 2.5:1, or 3:1, or 3.5:1, or 4:1, or 4.5:1 or 5:1. For clarity, a range of 1:1 to X ratios refers to 1:1 to 1:X, and 1 to X:1 refers to 1:X to 1:1. In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer (of the anode or cathode) and the passivation layer have uniform or varying thicknesses of the following ratios (passivation layer: inner conductive layer): 8:1 to 1:5, or 8:1 to 1: 3. Or 8:1 to 1:2, or 8:1 to 1:1.1, or 8:1 to 1:1, or 6:1 to 1:5, or 6:1 to 1:3, or 6: 1 to 1:2, or 6:1 to 1:1.1, or 6:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:5, or 3:1 to 1:3, or 3:1 to 1:2, or 3:1 to 1:1.1, or 3:1 to 1:1, or 2:1 to 1:5, or 2:1 to 1:3, or 2:1 to 1:2, or 2:1 to 1:1.1 or 2:1 to 1:1.
在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬存在於具有足以防止內導電層之與鈍化層電接觸的表面曝露於周圍環境的均一或變化厚度的層中。在一些實施例中，均一層防止小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的內導電層曝露於周圍環境。在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬存在於具有減少或防止折疊時層開裂的均一或變化厚度的層中。在一些實施例中，均一層防止在折疊、捲製或任何其他製造製程時小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的內導電層曝露於周圍環境，該等製造製程導致與製造製程開始時的金屬層厚度相比最終製成品中的金屬層拉伸或變薄。在一些實施例中，陰極內導電層之與陰極鈍化層電接觸的表面在製造之後不曝露於周圍環境。在一些實施例中，其中陰極內導電層之與陰極鈍化層電接觸的小於0.01 mm2、或小於0.05 mm2、或小於0.1 mm2、或小於0.5 mm2、或小於1.0 mm2或小於1.5 mm2的表面在製造之後曝露於周圍環境。在一些實施例中，在製造之後意指在將陰極殼體形成為罐或殼體之後。 在一些實施例中，在製造之後意指在將陰極殼體結合至電池中之後。在一些實施例中，在製造之後意指在將陰極結合至現成的電池中之後。 In some embodiments, the passivation metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness sufficient to prevent exposure of the surface of the inner conductive layer in electrical contact with the passivation layer to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the uniform layer prevents exposure to the surrounding environment of the inner conductive layer of less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.5 mm 2 , or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the passivating metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness that reduces or prevents cracking of the layer upon folding. In some embodiments, the uniform layer prevents internal conduction of less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.5 mm 2 , or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm 2 during folding, rolling, or any other manufacturing process The layers are exposed to the surrounding environment, and these manufacturing processes result in stretching or thinning of the metal layer in the final product compared to the metal layer thickness at the beginning of the manufacturing process. In some embodiments, the surface of the conductive layer within the cathode that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is not exposed to the surrounding environment after fabrication. In some embodiments, the surface of the inner cathode conductive layer that is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer is less than 0.01 mm2, or less than 0.05 mm2, or less than 0.1 mm2, or less than 0.5 mm2, or less than 1.0 mm2 or less than 1.5 mm2 during fabrication Then exposed to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, after manufacturing means after forming the cathode casing into a can or casing. In some embodiments, after manufacture means after the cathode casing is incorporated into the cell. In some embodiments, after fabrication means after incorporating the cathode into an off-the-shelf battery.
在一些實施例中，內導電層及鈍化層之組合厚度小於或等於50 µm、100 µm、200 µm、300 µm或400 µm。在一些實施例中，內導電層及鈍化層之組合厚度為25 µm至400 µm、或25 µm至50 µm、或50 µm至100 µm、或100 µm至200 µm、或200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm。In some embodiments, the combined thickness of the inner conductive layer and passivation layer is less than or equal to 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, or 400 μm. In some embodiments, the combined thickness of the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer is 25 μm to 400 μm, or 25 μm to 50 μm, or 50 μm to 100 μm, or 100 μm to 200 μm, or 200 μm to 300 μm, or 300 µm to 400 µm.
在紐扣單元電池包含陽極殼體及陰極殼體之一實施例中，總單元具有3.2 mm高度及20 mm外徑。本文所描述之陽極殼體及陰極殼體中之各個層之組合經選擇以保持最終總單元尺寸。In one embodiment of the coin cell battery comprising an anode casing and a cathode casing, the overall cell has a height of 3.2 mm and an outer diameter of 20 mm. The combinations of the various layers in the anode casing and cathode casing described herein are selected to maintain the final overall cell size.
第2圖描繪根據本揭露之一個實施例的示範性紐扣或扁形單元型電池
200之橫截面視圖。
FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional view of an exemplary button or flat
示範性電池
200包含：
陽極殼體
201；
包含鈍化金屬的陰極殼體
202；
電化學單元，該電化學單元包含陽極
203、陰極
205、及定位在該陽極與該陰極之間的分離器
204；及墊圈
206，該墊圈位於該陽極殼體與該陰極殼體之間。
分離器通常提供陽極與陰極之間的物理分離且可由本技術領域中已知的任何材料製成。另外，電池中可包括電解質，如本技術領域很好地所理解的。The separator typically provides physical separation between the anode and cathode and can be made of any material known in the art. Additionally, an electrolyte may be included in the battery, as is well understood in the art.
墊圈
206有利地安置於陽極殼體與陰極殼體之間且可提供陰極殼體與陽極殼體之間的密封。墊圈可包含非導電材料，諸如彈性材料或另一種聚合物。如第2圖所展示，陰極殼體
202可包含陰極內導電層
202a及陰極鈍化層
202b，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。
在一些實施例中，在鈍化層之至少一部分與導電水性介質接觸之後，導電水性介質之電解被減少或抑制(例如，與自不具有鈍化層的電池中觀察到的情況相比)。當電池浸入或部分浸入導電水性介質中時，鈍化金屬由於與導電水性介質接觸而經歷至少部分電化學氧化。在一些實施例中，所形成之氧化物係鈍化金屬之氧化物。 在一個實施例中，表面氧化在鈍化金屬之曝露於導電水性介質的部分上發展或傳播。在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬形成原生表面氧化物，該原生表面氧化物包含在曝露於導電水性介質的表面之上連續的鈍化金屬之氧化物。 在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬尤其是在所施加電位下形成、生長並轉變為連續的固體外部氧化物層。 在一些實施例中，當電池浸沒於導電水性介質中時，在曝露於所產生之氧化電流後小於2小時內形成氧化物層，在導電水性介質中，電池電極透過水性介質電接觸。In some embodiments, after at least a portion of the passivation layer is contacted with the conductive aqueous medium, electrolysis of the conductive aqueous medium is reduced or inhibited (eg, compared to that observed from cells without the passivation layer). When the cell is immersed or partially immersed in the conductive aqueous medium, the passivating metal undergoes at least partial electrochemical oxidation due to contact with the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the oxide formed is an oxide of the passivating metal. In one embodiment, surface oxidation develops or propagates on the portion of the passivating metal that is exposed to the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the passivating metal forms a native surface oxide comprising a continuous oxide of the passivating metal over the surface exposed to the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the passivation metal forms, grows and transforms into a continuous solid outer oxide layer, especially at the applied potential. In some embodiments, the oxide layer forms in less than 2 hours after exposure to the resulting oxidative current when the battery is immersed in a conductive aqueous medium through which the battery electrodes are in electrical contact.
在一些實施例中，如本文所描述之電池及/或陰極殼體在與水性導電介質初始接觸的2小時、或1小時、或30分鐘或10分鐘內產生小於1.5 mA、或小於1 mA、或小於0.5 mA或小於0.3 mA的電流。 在一些實施例中，氧化物層一旦形成就保持小於1.5 mA、或小於1 mA、或小於0.5 mA或小於0.3 mA的氧化電流。In some embodiments, a cell and/or cathode casing as described herein produces less than 1.5 mA, or less than 1 mA, within 2 hours, or 1 hour, or 30 minutes, or 10 minutes of initial contact with the aqueous conductive medium, or less than 0.5 mA or less than 0.3 mA. In some embodiments, the oxide layer once formed maintains an oxidation current of less than 1.5 mA, or less than 1 mA, or less than 0.5 mA, or less than 0.3 mA.
在一些實施例中，表面氧化物可抵抗進一步氧化。不希望受理論束縛，據認為，對進一步氧化的抵抗可抑制陰極處的電解之氧化半反應。氧化半反應之減少或抑制進而可抑制陽極處的電解之還原半反應。在此等條件下，減少或抑制產生可能引起組織損害的鹼性環境的氫氧根離子之產生，從而改善攝入情況下的安全性。In some embodiments, the surface oxide is resistant to further oxidation. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that resistance to further oxidation can inhibit the oxidative half-reaction of electrolysis at the cathode. The reduction or inhibition of the oxidative half-reaction can in turn inhibit the reduction half-reaction of electrolysis at the anode. Under these conditions, the production of hydroxide ions, which create an alkaline environment that can cause tissue damage, is reduced or inhibited, thereby improving safety in the case of ingestion.
在一些實施例中，包含鈍化金屬(例如，在鈍化層中)的電池可抑制或減少當浸入介質中持續延長時間週期時導電水性介質中的電解(例如，與自不具有鈍化層的電池中觀察到的情況相比)，該延長時間週期為例如小於5小時、小於3小時、小於2小時、小於1小時、1小時至2小時、1小時至3小時、1小時至5小時、2小時至3小時、2小時至5小時或3小時至5小時。In some embodiments, cells comprising a passivation metal (eg, in a passivation layer) can inhibit or reduce electrolysis in a conductive aqueous medium when immersed in the medium for an extended period of time (eg, compared to cells without a passivation layer) The extended time period is, for example, less than 5 hours, less than 3 hours, less than 2 hours, less than 1 hour, 1 hour to 2 hours, 1 hour to 3 hours, 1 hour to 5 hours, 2 hours to 3 hours, 2 hours to 5 hours, or 3 hours to 5 hours.
在其他實施例中，在與水性導電介質接觸之前，鈍化層包括表面氧化物。此表面氧化物可以係曝露於空氣時形成的原生氧化物。表面氧化物亦可藉由在向或不向鈍化層施加電位之情況下曝露於酸性溶液、曝露於鹼性溶液、曝露於氧化溶液來形成。此表面氧化物亦可藉由使用沉積製程沉積金屬氧化物、將鈍化層曝露於具有富氧大氣的爐或將鈍化層曝露於氧電漿來形成。表面氧化物可如上所討論提供對鈍化金屬之進一步氧化的抵抗，從而有效地限制在浸入導電水性環境中時示範性電池產生的最大電流消耗。In other embodiments, the passivation layer includes a surface oxide prior to contact with the aqueous conductive medium. This surface oxide may be a native oxide formed upon exposure to air. Surface oxides can also be formed by exposure to acidic solutions, exposure to alkaline solutions, exposure to oxidizing solutions with or without applying a potential to the passivation layer. This surface oxide can also be formed by depositing a metal oxide using a deposition process, exposing the passivation layer to a furnace with an oxygen-rich atmosphere, or exposing the passivation layer to an oxygen plasma. The surface oxide can provide resistance to further oxidation of the passivating metal as discussed above, effectively limiting the maximum current draw produced by the exemplary cell when immersed in a conductive aqueous environment.
無論表面氧化物是在裝配電池之前形成的、在裝配電池之後但在與導電水性介質接觸之前形成的原生氧化物還是在曝露於導電水性介質時發展出的原生氧化物，都可在相對短的時間週期內諸如在2小時、1小時、30分鐘、20分鐘、10分鐘、5分鐘或1分鐘內將電池產生的最大電解電流消耗限制為小於1 mA、小於100 µA、小於10 µA或小於1 µA。Whether the surface oxide is formed prior to cell assembly, native oxide formed after cell assembly but prior to contact with the conductive aqueous medium, or native oxide developed upon exposure to the conductive aqueous medium, the relatively short Limit the maximum electrolytic current draw from the battery to less than 1 mA, less than 100 µA, less than 10 µA, or less than 1 for a time period such as 2 hours, 1 hour, 30 minutes, 20 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes, or 1 minute µA.
在一些實施例中，當浸入水性導電介質中時，其中該水性導電介質係模擬唾液、胃液或腸液，如本文所描述之電池或陰極殼體在與水性導電介質初始接觸的120分鐘、30分鐘或10分鐘內將產生不大於1 mA或不大於0.5 mA的氧化電流，從而在火腿測試及/或模擬豬食道測試中產生最小的損害，該等測試中之各者在本文中加以描述。 在一些實施例中，電池或陰極殼體外表面是耐磨損的且將保持不銹鋼內導電層曝露於周圍環境的表面積低於0.5 mm 2。 In some embodiments, when immersed in an aqueous conductive medium, wherein the aqueous conductive medium simulates saliva, gastric juice, or intestinal fluid, a battery or cathode casing as described herein at 120 minutes, 30 minutes of initial contact with the aqueous conductive medium or 10 minutes will produce an oxidative current of no greater than 1 mA or no greater than 0.5 mA, resulting in minimal damage in the ham test and/or the simulated pig esophagus test, each of which is described herein. In some embodiments, the outer surface of the cell or cathode casing is abrasion resistant and will keep the surface area of the stainless steel inner conductive layer exposed to the surrounding environment below 0.5 mm 2 .
在一些實施例中，電池係扁形或紐扣單元型電池。在其他實施例中，示範性電池之電化學單元具有10V或更少、5V或更少、3V或更少或1V或更少的電壓。在另一個實施例中，示範性電池係3伏或1.5伏扁形或紐扣單元電池。In some embodiments, the battery is a flat or coin cell type battery. In other embodiments, the electrochemical cells of the exemplary batteries have a voltage of 10V or less, 5V or less, 3V or less, or 1V or less. In another embodiment, the exemplary battery is a 3 volt or 1.5 volt flat or coin cell battery.
在其他實施例中，示範性電池係CR927、CR1025、CR1130、CR1216、CR1220、CR1225、CR1616、CR1620、CR1625、CR1632、CR2012、CR2016、CR2025、CR2032、CR2320、BR2335、CR2354、CR2412、CR2430、CR2450、CR2477、CR2507、CR3032或CR11108鋰紐扣單元電池。在一些實施例中，示範性電池係SR41、SR43、SR44、SR45、SR48、SR54、SR55、SR57、SR58、SR59、SR60、SR63、SR64、SR65、SR66、SR67、SR68、SR69、S516、SR416、SR731、SR512、SR714、SR712氧化銀紐扣單元電池。在其他實施例中，示範性電池係LR41、LR44、LR54或LR66鹼性紐扣單元電池。在更多實施例中，電池係CR2032、CR2016或CR2025鋰紐扣單元電池。在其他實施例中，電池係AAAA、AAA、AA、A、B、C、D、E 90/N、4001、810、910A、AM5、LR1、MN9100或UM-5圓柱形電池。In other embodiments, exemplary batteries are CR927, CR1025, CR1130, CR1216, CR1220, CR1225, CR1616, CR1620, CR1625, CR1632, CR2012, CR2016, CR2025, CR2032, CR2320, BR2335, CR2354, CR2412, CR2430, CR24 CR2477, CR2507, CR3032 or CR11108 lithium coin cell battery. In some embodiments, exemplary batteries are SR41, SR43, SR44, SR45, SR48, SR54, SR55, SR57, SR58, SR59, SR60, SR63, SR64, SR65, SR66, SR67, SR68, SR69, S516, SR416, SR731, SR512, SR714, SR712 silver oxide button cells. In other embodiments, the exemplary battery is an LR41, LR44, LR54 or LR66 alkaline coin cell battery. In further embodiments, the battery is a CR2032, CR2016 or CR2025 lithium coin cell battery. In other embodiments, the battery is an AAAA, AAA, AA, A, B, C, D,
在其他實施例中，示範性電池係二次單元。在其他實施例中，示範性電池係可充電電池。In other embodiments, the exemplary battery is a secondary cell. In other embodiments, the exemplary battery is a rechargeable battery.
本揭露之電池在行業標準尺寸內進行製造。因此，內導電層及鈍化層之尺寸經選擇以提供符合此等標準的完整且可操作的電池。針對便攜式一次(不可充電)電池的當前IEC標準帶有60086編號。相關US標準係由美國國家電氣製造商協會(National Electrical Manufacturers Association，NEMA)委員會開發的ANSI C18系列。本文所揭示之電池可製成任何行業接受的標準大小。The batteries of the present disclosure are fabricated within industry standard dimensions. Accordingly, the dimensions of the inner conductive layer and passivation layer are selected to provide a complete and operable cell that meets these criteria. The current IEC standard for portable primary (non-rechargeable) batteries has a 60086 number. The relevant US standards are the ANSI C18 series developed by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) committee. The batteries disclosed herein can be manufactured in any industry-accepted standard size.
例如，CR2032電池係20 mm外徑及3.2 mm高度。
A. 具有 Ta 或 Nb 鈍化層的示範性電池 1. 在陰極殼體上具有 Ta 或 Nb 鈍化層的 示範性電池 For example, the CR2032 battery is 20 mm in outer diameter and 3.2 mm in height. A. Exemplary Cell with Ta or
在一些實施例中，本文所揭示之電池包含陰極殼體，該陰極殼體包含鈍化金屬，其中該鈍化金屬包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合。在其他實施例中，包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化金屬存在於鈍化層中，該鈍化層具有100 nm至400 µm、100 nm至3 µm、3 µm至100 µm、3 µm至50 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm的均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, the cells disclosed herein comprise a cathode casing comprising a passivation metal, wherein the passivation metal comprises Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, a passivation metal comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof is present in a passivation layer having 100 nm to 400 µm, 100 nm to 3 µm, 3 µm to 100 µm, 3 µm Uniform or varying thicknesses to 50 µm, 200 µm to 300 µm or 300 µm to 400 µm.
在一些實施例中，包括包含包括Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化金屬的陰極殼體的電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。In some embodiments, a cell comprising a cathode casing comprising a passivating metal comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof further comprises an outer portion on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both A coating, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof.
在一些實施例中，陰極殼體係內部支撐構件。在一些實施例中，陰極殼體不包含內導電層，且電池不包含外部塗層。在另一個實施例中，陰極殼體本質上由包含鈍化金屬的層組成，其中該層具有200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。在又另一個實施例中，陰極殼體由包含鈍化金屬的層組成，其中該層具有200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, the cathode casing system supports the member internally. In some embodiments, the cathode casing does not include an inner conductive layer, and the cell does not include an outer coating. In another embodiment, the cathode casing consists essentially of a layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm. In yet another embodiment, the cathode casing consists of a layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm.
如本文所用，「外部塗層」係位於陰極殼體、陽極殼體或二者之外側上的金屬層，該金屬層提供與鈍化層相比更低的接觸電阻且/或藉由提供高光亮或光澤度來改善電池之美感。As used herein, an "external coating" is a metal layer on the outside of the cathode casing, anode casing, or both that provides lower contact resistance compared to passivation layers and/or by providing high brightness or gloss to improve the aesthetics of the battery.
在另外的實施例中，包括包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的電池包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且進一步地其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm或100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。In further embodiments, cells comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof comprise an outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both, wherein the outer coating comprising Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof, and further wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 5 μm or 100 nm to 200 nm.
在另一個實施例中，陰極殼體包含陰極內導電層、包含Ta、Nb、其合金或其任何組合的陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。In another embodiment, the cathode casing comprises a cathode inner conductive layer, a cathode passivation layer comprising Ta, Nb, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the cell Further comprising an outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn or any of two or more of them combination, and wherein the outer coating and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在一些實施例中，包括包含包括Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化層的陰極殼體的電池不包含外部塗層。在其他實施例中，陰極殼體本質上由陰極內導電層及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層組成，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。在其他實施例中，陰極殼體由陰極內導電層及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層組成，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。In some embodiments, a cell comprising a cathode casing comprising a passivation layer comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof does not comprise an outer coating. In other embodiments, the cathode casing consists essentially of a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact. In other embodiments, the cathode casing consists of a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在另一個實施例中，包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的陰極鈍化層具有100 nm至100 µm、100 nm至3 µm、3 µm至25 µm或25 µm至50 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，鈍化層具有15 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm、或大於50 µm至300 µm或大於50 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，陰極內導電層具有175 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。In another embodiment, the cathode passivation layer comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof has uniformity or variation from 100 nm to 100 µm, 100 nm to 3 µm, 3 µm to 25 µm, or 25 µm to 50 µm thickness. In some embodiments, the passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 15 μm to 300 μm, 14 μm to 200 μm, or greater than 50 μm to 300 μm, or greater than 50 μm to 200 μm. In some embodiments, the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 175 μm to 300 μm.
在又另一個實施例中，包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的陰極鈍化層進一步包含包括第一鈍化金屬的第一層及第二鈍化金屬之第二層。在一些實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括Ta或Ta合金的第一層。在其他實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括Ta或Ta合金的第一層，其中該第一層具有1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。In yet another embodiment, the cathode passivation layer comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof further comprises a first layer comprising a first passivation metal and a second layer of a second passivation metal. In some embodiments, the cathode passivation layer includes a first layer comprising Ta or a Ta alloy. In other embodiments, the cathode passivation layer includes a first layer comprising Ta or a Ta alloy, wherein the first layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 μm to 3 μm.
在另一個實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第二層。在另一個實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第一層，其中該第二層具有10 µm至250 µm或10 µm至30 µm的均一或變化厚度。在又另一個實施例中，陰極內導電層具有75 µm至300 µm或175 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。 2. 在陰極殼體及陽極殼體上具有 Ta 及 / 或 Nb 鈍化層的 示範性電池 In another embodiment, the cathode passivation layer includes a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy. In another embodiment, the cathode passivation layer comprises a first layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy, wherein the second layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 10 μm to 250 μm or 10 μm to 30 μm. In yet another embodiment, the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 75 μm to 300 μm or 175 μm to 300 μm. 2. Exemplary cells with Ta and / or Nb passivation layers on cathode casing and anode casing
在一個實施例中，示範性電池
300諸如第3圖所例證的電池包含：
In one embodiment, an
陽極殼體
301，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層
301a及包含鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層
301b，該鈍化金屬包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；
陰極殼體
302，該陰極殼體包含陰極內導電層
302a及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層
302b，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；
a
電化學單元，該電化學單元包含陽極
303、陰極
305、及定位在該陽極與該陰極之間的分離器
304；及墊圈
306，該墊圈位於該陽極殼體與該陰極殼體之間。
An electrochemical cell comprising an
陽極之內導電層及陰極之內導電層之材料係選自電池技術領域中已知的任何材料。陽極殼體為陽極提供保護屏障，且通常包含導電材料。The materials of the inner conductive layer of the anode and the inner conductive layer of the cathode are selected from any materials known in the battery art. The anode casing provides a protective barrier for the anode and typically contains a conductive material.
在本文所揭示之電池之其中該陰極殼體包含包括Nb或Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化金屬的一個實施例中，電池亦包含陽極殼體，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層、包括包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。In one embodiment of the cells disclosed herein wherein the cathode casing comprises a passivating metal comprising Nb or Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, the cell also comprises an anode casing comprising an anode inner conductive layer, An anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the cell further comprises a cathode casing on an outer surface of the anode casing or a cathode casing An outer coating on the outer surface of the body or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof, and wherein the outer coating and the anode are passivated layer electrical contact.
在包含陽極殼體的電池之另一個實施例中，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層、包括包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸，該電池不包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面上的外部塗層。在又另一個實施例中，陽極殼體本質上由陽極內導電層及包含包括Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層組成，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。在又另一個實施例中，陽極殼體由陽極內導電層及包含包括Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層組成，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。In another embodiment of a cell comprising an anode casing, the anode casing comprises an anode inner conductive layer, an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, wherein the anode inner conductive layer In electrical contact with the anode passivation layer, the cell does not include an external coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing. In yet another embodiment, the anode casing consists essentially of an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer electrical contact. In yet another embodiment, the anode casing consists of an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are electrically conductive touch.
在一個實施例中，包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的陽極鈍化層具有100 nm至400 µm、100 nm至100 µm、100 nm至3 µm、3 µm至25 µm或25 µm至50 µm的均一或變化厚度。在另一個實施例中，包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的陽極鈍化層具有100 nm至100 µm、100 nm至3 µm、3 µm至25 µm或25 µm至50 µm的均一或變化厚度，且陽極內導電層具有175 µm至300 µm或200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。In one embodiment, the anode passivation layer comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof has 100 nm to 400 µm, 100 nm to 100 µm, 100 nm to 3 µm, 3 µm to 25 µm, or 25 µm to 50 µm Uniform or variable thickness in µm. In another embodiment, the anode passivation layer comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof has a uniformity or variation of 100 nm to 100 µm, 100 nm to 3 µm, 3 µm to 25 µm, or 25 µm to 50 µm thickness, and the conductive layer within the anode has a uniform or variable thickness of 175 µm to 300 µm or 200 µm to 300 µm.
在更多實施例中，包含Nb、Ta、其合金或其任何組合的陽極鈍化層進一步包含包括第一鈍化金屬的第一層及第二鈍化金屬之第二層。In further embodiments, the anode passivation layer comprising Nb, Ta, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof further comprises a first layer comprising a first passivation metal and a second layer of a second passivation metal.
在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層包含包括Ta或Ta合金的第一層。在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層包含包括Ta或Ta合金的第一層，其中該第一層具有1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第二層。在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第二層，其中該第二層具有10 µm至250 µm或10 µm至30 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，陽極內導電層具有75 µm至300 µm或200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。
B. 具有 W 或 Re 鈍化層的示範性電池 1. 在陰極殼體上具有 W 或 Re 鈍化層的 示範性電池 In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer includes a first layer comprising Ta or a Ta alloy. In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer includes a first layer comprising Ta or a Ta alloy, wherein the first layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 μm to 3 μm. In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer includes a second layer including Nb or a Nb alloy. In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer includes a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy, wherein the second layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 10 μm to 250 μm or 10 μm to 30 μm. In some embodiments, the anode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 75 μm to 300 μm or 200 μm to 300 μm. B. Exemplary Cell with W or
在本文所揭示之電池之其他實施例中，陰極殼體包含包括W、Re或其合金的鈍化金屬。在其他實施例中，陰極殼體包含包括W、Re或其合金的鈍化層，其中該鈍化層具有100 nm至400 µm、或100 nm至25 µm、100 nm至3 µm或3 µm至25 µm的均一或變化厚度。鈍化層之厚度可經選擇以支撐所選擇之製造製程。In other embodiments of the cells disclosed herein, the cathode casing comprises a passivating metal including W, Re, or alloys thereof. In other embodiments, the cathode casing includes a passivation layer comprising W, Re, or alloys thereof, wherein the passivation layer has 100 nm to 400 μm, or 100 nm to 25 μm, 100 nm to 3 μm, or 3 μm to 25 μm of uniform or varying thickness. The thickness of the passivation layer can be selected to support the selected manufacturing process.
在一些實施例中，包含包括W、Re或其合金的陰極殼體的電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。In some embodiments, cells comprising a cathode casing comprising W, Re, or alloys thereof, further comprise an outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both, wherein the outer coating Contains Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof.
在另外的實施例中，包含W、Re或其合金的電池包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且進一步地其中該外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm或100 nm至200 nm的均一或變化厚度。In further embodiments, cells comprising W, Re or alloys thereof comprise an outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof, and further wherein the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 5 μm or 100 nm to 200 nm.
在另一個實施例中，陰極殼體包含陰極內導電層、包含W、Re或其合金的陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn、其合金或其中之任何二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。In another embodiment, the cathode casing comprises a cathode inner conductive layer, a cathode passivation layer comprising W, Re or alloys thereof, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the cell further comprises a cathode at the anode An outer coating on the outer surface of the casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, alloys thereof, or any of any two or more of them combination, and wherein the outer coating and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在另一個實施例中，包含W、Re或其合金的陰極鈍化層具有100 nm至25 µm、3 µm至25 µm或1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，陰極內導電層具有200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。In another embodiment, the cathode passivation layer comprising W, Re or alloys thereof has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 25 μm, 3 μm to 25 μm, or 1 μm to 3 μm. In some embodiments, the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm.
在一些實施例中，包含包括W、Re或其合金的陰極殼體的電池不包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層。在一些實施例中，電池包含陰極殼體，該陰極殼體本質上由陰極內導電層及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層組成，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。在一些實施例中，電池包含陰極殼體，該陰極殼體由陰極內導電層及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層組成，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。In some embodiments, cells comprising a cathode casing comprising W, Re, or alloys thereof do not include an external coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both. In some embodiments, the cell includes a cathode casing consisting essentially of a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact. In some embodiments, the battery includes a cathode casing consisting of a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在又另一個實施例中，包含W、Re或其合金的陰極鈍化層進一步包含包括第一鈍化金屬的第一層及第二鈍化金屬之第二層。在一些實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括W、Re或其合金的第一層。在其他實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括W、Re或其合金的第一層，其中該第一層具有1 µm至25 µm的均一或變化厚度。在另一個實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第二層。在一些實施例中，陰極鈍化層包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第二層，其中該第二層具有5 µm至30 µm的均一或變化厚度。在又另一個實施例中，陰極內導電層具有200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。 2. 在陰極殼體及陽極殼體上具有 W 或 Re 鈍化層的 示範性電池 In yet another embodiment, the cathode passivation layer comprising W, Re or alloys thereof further comprises a first layer comprising a first passivation metal and a second layer of a second passivation metal. In some embodiments, the cathode passivation layer includes a first layer including W, Re, or alloys thereof. In other embodiments, the cathode passivation layer comprises a first layer comprising W, Re, or alloys thereof, wherein the first layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 μm to 25 μm. In another embodiment, the cathode passivation layer includes a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy. In some embodiments, the cathode passivation layer includes a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy, wherein the second layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 5 μm to 30 μm. In yet another embodiment, the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm. 2. Exemplary cells with W or Re passivation layers on cathode casing and anode casing
在一個實施例中，亦如第3圖所描繪，示範性電池
300包含：
In one embodiment, as also depicted in FIG. 3, an
陽極殼體
301，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層
301a及包含鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層
301b，該鈍化金屬包含W、Re或其合金，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化金屬層電接觸；
陰極殼體
302，該陰極殼體包含陰極內導電層
302a及包含鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層
302b，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；
a
電化學單元，該電化學單元包含陽極
303、陰極
305、及定位在該陽極與該陰極之間的分離器
304；及墊圈
306，該墊圈位於該陽極殼體與該陰極殼體之間。
An electrochemical cell comprising an
在本文所揭示之電池之其中該陰極殼體包含包括W、Re或其合金的鈍化金屬的一個實施例中，電池亦包含陽極殼體，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層、包括包含W、Re或其合金的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Ni、Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。In one embodiment of the battery disclosed herein wherein the cathode casing comprises a passivating metal comprising W, Re or alloys thereof, the battery also comprises an anode casing comprising an anode inner conductive layer, including W, An anode passivation layer of a passivation metal of Re or an alloy thereof, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the cell further comprises on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both , wherein the outer coating comprises Ni, Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof, and wherein the outer coating and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在另一個實施例中，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層、包括包含W、Re或其合金的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池不包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面上的外部塗層。在又另一個實施例中，陽極殼體本質上由陽極內導電層及包含包括W或Re的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層組成，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。在另一個實施例中，陽極殼體由陽極內導電層及包含包括W或Re的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層組成，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。In another embodiment, the anode casing comprises an anode inner conductive layer, an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal comprising W, Re or alloys thereof, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the anode passivation layer The cell does not contain an external coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing. In yet another embodiment, the anode casing consists essentially of an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including W or Re, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact. In another embodiment, the anode casing consists of an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including W or Re, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在一個實施例中，包含W、Re或其合金的陽極鈍化層具有100 nm至25 µm、3 µm至25 µm或1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。在另一個實施例中，包含W、Re或其合金的陽極鈍化層具有100 nm至25 µm、3 µm至25 µm或1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度，且陽極內導電層具有75 µm至300 µm或200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。In one embodiment, the anode passivation layer comprising W, Re or alloys thereof has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 25 μm, 3 μm to 25 μm, or 1 μm to 3 μm. In another embodiment, the anode passivation layer comprising W, Re, or alloys thereof has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 25 µm, 3 µm to 25 µm, or 1 µm to 3 µm, and the anode inner conductive layer has 75 µm Uniform or variable thickness to 300 µm or 200 µm to 300 µm.
在更多實施例中，包含W、Re或其合金的陽極鈍化層進一步包含包括第一鈍化金屬的第一層及第二鈍化金屬之第二層。在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層進一步包含包括W、Re或其合金的第一層。在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層進一步包含包括W、Re或其合金的第一層，其中該第一層具有1 µm至3 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層進一步包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第二層。在一些實施例中，陽極鈍化層進一步包含包括Nb或Nb合金的第二層，其中該第二層具有10 µm至30 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，其中陽極內導電層具有75 µm至300 µm或200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。
C. 具有 Ti 鈍化層的示範性電池 1. 在陰極殼體上具有 Ti 鈍化層的 示範性電池 In further embodiments, the anode passivation layer comprising W, Re or alloys thereof further comprises a first layer comprising a first passivation metal and a second layer of a second passivation metal. In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer further includes a first layer comprising W, Re, or alloys thereof. In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer further includes a first layer comprising W, Re, or alloys thereof, wherein the first layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 1 μm to 3 μm. In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer further includes a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy. In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer further comprises a second layer comprising Nb or a Nb alloy, wherein the second layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 10 μm to 30 μm. In some embodiments, wherein the anode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 75 μm to 300 μm or 200 μm to 300 μm. C. Exemplary Cell with
在本文所揭示之電池之其他實施例中，陰極殼體包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬，且電池任選地包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。在另一個實施例中，包含Ti的鈍化金屬存在於具有以下均一或變化厚度的層中：1 µm至400 µm、大於50 µm至400 µm、大於50 µm至300 µm、大於50 µm至200 µm、200 µm至300 µm或300 µm至400 µm。鈍化層之厚度可經選擇以支撐所選擇之製造製程。In other embodiments of the cells disclosed herein, the cathode casing comprises a passivating metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, and the cell optionally comprises a metal oxide on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both An outer coating, wherein the outer coating comprises Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof. In another embodiment, the passivation metal comprising Ti is present in a layer of uniform or varying thickness: 1 µm to 400 µm, greater than 50 µm to 400 µm, greater than 50 µm to 300 µm, greater than 50 µm to 200 µm , 200 µm to 300 µm or 300 µm to 400 µm. The thickness of the passivation layer can be selected to support the selected manufacturing process.
在一個實施例中，電池不包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層。在一個實施例中，陰極殼體本質上由包含包括Ti的鈍化金屬的層組成，其中該層具有200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。在另一個實施例中，陰極殼體由包含包括Ti的鈍化金屬的層組成，其中該層具有200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。In one embodiment, the cell does not include an external coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both. In one embodiment, the cathode casing consists essentially of a layer comprising a passivating metal including Ti, wherein the layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm. In another embodiment, the cathode casing consists of a layer comprising a passivating metal including Ti, wherein the layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm.
在其他實施例中，包含Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合的外部塗層存在於陽極殼體之外表面及陰極殼體之外表面二者上。在本文所揭示之電池之其中陰極殼體包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的其他實施例中，外部塗層若存在則不包含Ni。在其他實施例中，外部塗層存在於陽極殼體之外表面上。在其他實施例中，外部塗層存在於陰極殼體之外表面上。 在一些實施例中，外部塗層具有100 nm至5 µm的均一或變化厚度。In other embodiments, an outer coating comprising Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof is present on both the outer surface of the anode casing and the outer surface of the cathode casing. In other embodiments of the batteries disclosed herein in which the cathode casing includes a passivating metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, the outer coating, if present, does not include Ni. In other embodiments, the outer coating is present on the outer surface of the anode casing. In other embodiments, the outer coating is present on the outer surface of the cathode casing. In some embodiments, the outer coating has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 5 μm.
在一些實施例中，陰極殼體包含陰極內導電層及包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。在其他實施例中，陰極殼體包含陰極內導電層、包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。In some embodiments, the cathode casing includes a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer including a passivation metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact. In other embodiments, the cathode casing includes a cathode inner conductive layer, a cathode passivation layer including a passivation metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the cell further includes a An outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof, and wherein the The outer coating is in electrical contact with the cathode passivation layer.
在另一個實施例中，陰極殼體本質上由陰極內導電層及包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層組成，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。In another embodiment, the cathode casing consists essentially of a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including Ti or Ti alloy, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在更多實施例中，陰極殼體由陰極內導電層及包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陰極鈍化層組成，其中該陰極內導電層及該陰極鈍化層電接觸。在其他實施例中，包含Ti或Ti合金的陰極鈍化層具有50 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。在更多實施例中，包含Ti或Ti合金的陰極鈍化層具有50 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度，且陰極內導電層具有175 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。 2. 在陰極殼體及陽極殼體上具有 Ti 鈍化層的 示範性電池 In further embodiments, the cathode casing consists of a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, wherein the cathode inner conductive layer and the cathode passivation layer are in electrical contact. In other embodiments, the cathode passivation layer comprising Ti or Ti alloy has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm. In further embodiments, the cathode passivation layer comprising Ti or Ti alloy has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm, and the cathode inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 175 μm to 300 μm. 2. Exemplary cells with Ti passivation layers on cathode casing and anode casing
在本文所揭示之電池之其中該陰極殼體包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的一個實施例中，電池亦包含陽極殼體，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層及包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。在一些實施例中，陽極殼體包含鈍化金屬。In one embodiment of the cells disclosed herein wherein the cathode casing comprises a passivating metal comprising Ti or a Ti alloy, the cell also comprises an anode casing comprising an anode inner conductive layer and comprising a Ti or Ti alloy comprising The anode passivation layer of the passivation metal, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact. In some embodiments, the anode casing contains a passivating metal.
在一些實施例中，陽極殼體包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬，且電池任選地包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、或Zn、其合金或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。In some embodiments, the anode casing includes a passivating metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, and the cell optionally includes an outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing, or both, wherein the The outer coating comprises Al, Cu, Cr, or Zn, alloys thereof, or any combination of two or more thereof.
在相似實施例中，陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層、包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面或二者上的外部塗層，其中該外部塗層包含Al、Cu、Cr、Zn或其中之二或更多者之任何組合，且其中該外部塗層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。In a similar embodiment, the anode casing includes an anode inner conductive layer, an anode passivation layer including a passivation metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the cell further includes a An outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing or both, wherein the outer coating comprises Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, or any combination of two or more thereof, and wherein the The outer coating is in electrical contact with the anode passivation layer.
在另一個實施例中，該陽極殼體包含陽極內導電層、包括包含Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸；且其中該電池進一步包含位於陽極殼體之外表面或陰極殼體之外表面上的外部塗層。In another embodiment, the anode casing comprises an anode inner conductive layer, an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal comprising Ti or a Ti alloy, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact; and wherein the cell further Contains an outer coating on the outer surface of the anode casing or the outer surface of the cathode casing.
在另一個實施例中，陽極殼體本質上由陽極內導電層及包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層組成，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。In another embodiment, the anode casing consists essentially of an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在又另一個實施例中，陽極殼體由陽極內導電層及包含包括Ti或Ti合金的鈍化金屬的陽極鈍化層組成，其中該陽極內導電層及該陽極鈍化層電接觸。In yet another embodiment, the anode casing consists of an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer comprising a passivation metal including Ti or a Ti alloy, wherein the anode inner conductive layer and the anode passivation layer are in electrical contact.
在一些實施例中，包含Ti或Ti合金的陽極鈍化層具有50 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度。在其他實施例中，陽極鈍化層具有50 µm至100 µm的均一或變化厚度，且陽極內導電層具有75 µm至350 µm、或125 µm至350 µm、或25 µm至100 µm、175 µm至300 µm、或200 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。
II . 示範性陰極殼體 A . 示範性陰極殼體結構 In some embodiments, the anode passivation layer comprising Ti or Ti alloy has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm. In other embodiments, the anode passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm, and the anode inner conductive layer has a thickness of 75 μm to 350 μm, or 125 μm to 350 μm, or 25 μm to 100 μm, 175 μm to 175
第4圖描繪用於本揭露之電池中的示範性陰極殼體。陰極殼體
400包含底部
413、環形側部
412及邊緣
414。殼體包含內導電層
403及鈍化層
404。鈍化層覆蓋底部及環形側部之外表面
415，而內導電層覆蓋陰極殼體之內表面
416之可與電化學單元物理接觸的至少一部分。
FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary cathode casing for use in the cells of the present disclosure. The
該等層之一或多個曝露表面對於示範性電池之正常起作用很重要。第5A圖至第5N圖展示含有用於示範性電池中的處於不同定向的多個層的陰極殼體之若干不同實施例之橫截面視圖。 B. 具有多個層的示範性陰極殼體結構 One or more of the exposed surfaces of the layers are important to the proper functioning of the exemplary cell. Figures 5A-5N show cross-sectional views of several different embodiments of cathode casings containing multiple layers in different orientations for use in an exemplary cell. B. Exemplary Cathode Case Structure with Multiple Layers
在一些實施例中，鈍化層
502在陰極殼體
500a之邊緣之上延伸，如第5A圖所展示。在其他實施例例如
500b(第5B圖)中，鈍化層
504在邊緣之上並沿陰極殼體之內壁
501向下延伸，從而覆蓋內導電層
503，陰極殼體之內底部表面除外。
In some embodiments, the
實施例
500f(第5F圖)展示鈍化層
514包含陰極殼體之大於50%的整體厚度。內導電層
513包含陰極殼體之小於50%的整體厚度。在一些實施例中，內導電層
513可不存在。在該實施例中，鈍化層
514係陰極殼體。
Example 50Of (FIG. 5F) shows that
在展示為第5C圖中的陰極殼體
500c的又另一個實施例中，鈍化層
506跨表面施加，得到自殼體之外表面
506b至殼體之內表面
506a的連續塗層。殼體之外表面
506b及殼體之內表面
506a可以係相同或不同的材料且電接觸。內部支撐構件
505完全由鈍化層包裹。內部支撐構件可包含導電的或非導電的，能夠保持罐形狀以及具有經捲製以密封電池的能力的任何材料。
In yet another embodiment, shown as
在一些實例中，陰極鈍化層進一步包含多個層。在一個實施例
500m中，陰極殼體包含包括鈍化金屬的第一層
534及鈍化金屬之第二層
533以及陰極內導電層
532(第5M圖)。
In some examples, the cathode passivation layer further includes multiple layers. In one
在一些實施例中，鈍化層相對於內導電層的厚度經選擇以最小化或防止當本文所描述之電池浸入導電水性介質中時內導電層曝露於導電水性介質。 在一些實施例中，鈍化層相對於內導電層的厚度經選擇以最小化或防止在製造期間鈍化層開裂。 最小化或防止開裂的鈍化層之厚度基於鈍化金屬、內導電層材料以及陰極及/或陽極殼體形式之選擇而變化。In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer relative to the inner conductive layer is selected to minimize or prevent exposure of the inner conductive layer to the conductive aqueous medium when the cells described herein are immersed in the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer relative to the inner conductive layer is selected to minimize or prevent cracking of the passivation layer during fabrication. The thickness of the passivation layer to minimize or prevent cracking varies based on the choice of passivation metal, inner conductive layer material, and cathode and/or anode casing form.
在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬存在於具有足以防止內導電層曝露於周圍環境的均一或變化厚度的層中。在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬存在於具有均一或變化厚度的層中，該厚度足以防止內導電層之小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.1 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2、或小於1.0 mm 2、或小於1.5 mm 2的表面積曝露於周圍環境。在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬存在於具有減少或防止折疊時層開裂的均一或變化厚度的層中。在一些實施例中，鈍化金屬存在於具有均一或變化厚度的層中，該厚度足以防止在衝壓、壓製、折疊、捲製或任何其他製造製程時內導電層之小於0.01 mm 2、或小於0.05 mm 2、或小於0.1 mm 2、或小於0.5 mm 2或小於1.0 mm 2或小於1.5 mm 2的表面積曝露於周圍環境，該等製造製程導致與製造製程開始時的金屬層厚度相比最終製成品中的金屬層拉伸或變薄。 C. 具有結合層的示範性陰極殼體結構 In some embodiments, the passivation metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness sufficient to prevent exposure of the inner conductive layer to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the passivation metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness sufficient to prevent the inner conductive layer from being less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm 2 , or less than 0.1 mm 2 , or less than 0.5 mm 2 , Either a surface area of less than 1.0 mm 2 , or less than 1.5 mm 2 is exposed to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the passivating metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness that reduces or prevents cracking of the layer upon folding. In some embodiments, the passivating metal is present in a layer having a uniform or varying thickness sufficient to prevent less than 0.01 mm 2 , or less than 0.05 mm of the conductive layer during stamping, pressing, folding, rolling, or any other manufacturing process mm 2 , or less than 0.1 mm 2 , or less than 0.5 mm 2 or less than 1.0 mm 2 or less than 1.5 mm 2 of surface area exposed to the surrounding environment, these manufacturing processes result in a final finished product compared to the metal layer thickness at the beginning of the manufacturing process Stretching or thinning of metal layers. C. Exemplary Cathode Case Structure with Bonding Layer
在另一個實施例
500e(第5E圖)中，內導電層
510及鈍化層
512藉由結合層
511接合。
In another
如本文所用，「結合層」係指內導電層與鈍化層之間致使該等層保持貼附在一起且不造成妨礙且可促進兩個層之間的電接觸的層。As used herein, "bonding layer" refers to the layer between the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer that causes the layers to remain attached together without hindrance and promotes electrical contact between the two layers.
在一個此種實施例中，示範性電池包含安置於陰極內導電層與陰極鈍化層、陽極內導電層與陽極鈍化層或二者之間的至少一個結合層，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸。In one such embodiment, an exemplary cell includes at least one bonding layer disposed between a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer, an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer, or both, wherein the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer The layers remain in electrical contact.
在其他實施例中，示範性電池包含安置於陰極內導電層與陰極鈍化層、陽極內導電層與陽極鈍化層或二者之間的至少一個結合層，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸，其中該至少一個結合層包含導電材料。In other embodiments, exemplary cells include at least one bonding layer disposed between a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer, an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer, or both, wherein the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer remain An electrical contact, wherein the at least one bonding layer comprises a conductive material.
在一些實施例中，示範性電池包含安置於陰極內導電層與陰極鈍化層、陽極內導電層與陽極鈍化層或二者之間的至少一個結合層，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸，其中該至少一個結合層包含金屬。例如，諸如Ni或Al的金屬可在包覆製程中用作結合層。在一些實施例中，結合層包含金屬薄片。在一個特定實施例中，結合層在包覆製程中包含鎳金屬。在另一個實施例中，結合係以冶金方式結合導電層及鈍化層。In some embodiments, an exemplary cell includes at least one bonding layer disposed between a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer, an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer, or both, wherein the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer remain An electrical contact, wherein the at least one bonding layer comprises a metal. For example, metals such as Ni or Al can be used as bonding layers in the cladding process. In some embodiments, the bonding layer comprises metal flakes. In a specific embodiment, the bonding layer includes nickel metal during the cladding process. In another embodiment, the bonding is metallurgical bonding of the conductive layer and the passivation layer.
在另一個實施例中，示範性電池包含安置於陰極內導電層與陰極鈍化層、陽極內導電層與陽極鈍化層或二者之間的至少一個結合層，其中該內導電層及該鈍化層保持電接觸，其中該至少一個結合層包含黏合劑。在另外的實施例中，黏合劑包含壓敏黏合劑、橡膠基黏合劑、環氧樹脂、聚氨酯、聚矽氧黏合劑、酚醛樹脂、UV可固化黏合劑、丙烯酸酯黏合劑、層壓黏合劑、氟聚合物或其中之二或更多者之任何組合。In another embodiment, an exemplary cell includes at least one bonding layer disposed between a cathode inner conductive layer and a cathode passivation layer, an anode inner conductive layer and an anode passivation layer, or both, wherein the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer Electrical contact is maintained, wherein the at least one bonding layer includes an adhesive. In further embodiments, the adhesive comprises pressure sensitive adhesives, rubber based adhesives, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, silicone adhesives, phenolic resins, UV curable adhesives, acrylate adhesives, lamination adhesives , fluoropolymers, or any combination of two or more of them.
在一些實施例中，結合層包含多個層或多個組件。在一個實施例中，結合層係包含與內導電層及鈍化層接觸的一或多種層壓黏合劑的多層構建體。在一些實施例中，層壓黏合劑很薄，諸如為0.1 µm至10 µm。 在一些實施例中，黏合劑可駐留於內導電層或鈍化層或二者上的槽及裂隙中，這可藉由使用本技術領域中已知及本文針對層壓體描述的磨耗技術增加表面粗糙度來形成。In some embodiments, the bonding layer comprises multiple layers or multiple components. In one embodiment, the bonding layer is a multilayer construct comprising one or more laminating adhesives in contact with the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer. In some embodiments, the lamination adhesive is thin, such as 0.1 μm to 10 μm. In some embodiments, the adhesive may reside in the grooves and crevices on the inner conductive layer or the passivation layer, or both, which may increase the surface by using abrasion techniques known in the art and described herein for laminates roughness to form.
例如，結合層係包含以下的多組件構建體：混合有與鈍化層接觸的嵌入導電顆粒的黏合劑層，混合有與內導電層接觸的嵌入導電顆粒的黏合劑層，或二者。在一個實施例中，結合層係包含嵌入有與鈍化層及內導電層接觸的導電顆粒的丙烯酸壓敏黏合劑層(諸如25 µm至40 µm層)的多組件構建體。更具體而言，在一些實施例中，結合層包含層壓黏合劑，該層壓黏合劑包含低或高密度聚乙烯、聚烯烴、聚烯烴衍生物、含酸黏合劑、離子聚合物、乙烯三元共聚物、丙烯酸酯或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯。在其他實施例中，含酸黏合劑包含EAA、EMAA、離子聚合物、乙烯三元共聚物、酸或丙烯酸酯。For example, the bonding layer system comprises a multi-component construct mixed with an adhesive layer of embedded conductive particles in contact with the passivation layer, mixed with an adhesive layer of embedded conductive particles in contact with the inner conductive layer, or both. In one embodiment, the bonding layer is a multi-component construct comprising an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive layer (such as a 25 μm to 40 μm layer) embedded with conductive particles in contact with the passivation layer and the inner conductive layer. More specifically, in some embodiments, the tie layer comprises a lamination adhesive comprising low or high density polyethylene, polyolefin, polyolefin derivatives, acid-containing adhesives, ionic polymers, ethylene Terpolymers, acrylates or ethylene vinyl acetate. In other embodiments, the acid-containing adhesive comprises EAA, EMAA, ionic polymers, ethylene terpolymers, acids or acrylates.
在一些實施例中，結合層具有100 nm至400 µm、100 nm至350 µm、1 µm至350 µm、200 µm至350 µm、1 µm至50 µm、5 µm至50 µm、50 µm至250 µm或5 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度。這可能導致陽極殼體及/或陰極殼體各自具有50 µm至400 µm或200 µm至400 µm的均一或變化整體厚度的一些實施例。 D. 具有外部塗層的示範性陰極殼體結構 In some embodiments, the bonding layer has 100 nm to 400 µm, 100 nm to 350 µm, 1 µm to 350 µm, 200 µm to 350 µm, 1 µm to 50 µm, 5 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 250 µm Or uniform or varying thicknesses from 5 µm to 200 µm. This may result in some embodiments where the anode casing and/or cathode casing each have a uniform or varying overall thickness of 50 μm to 400 μm or 200 μm to 400 μm. D. Exemplary Cathode Case Structure with External Coating
電池之陰極殼體、陽極殼體或二者上的外部塗層可以係高度導電的材料諸如金屬，以降低電池正常操作期間的接觸電阻或改善電池殼體之美感。當包含鈍化層及外部塗層的電池浸入水性導電介質中時，作為電池之正電極上的氧化反應之一部分，外表面上的所曝露外部塗層氧化且可溶解。一旦外部塗層被氧化，鈍化層就曝露於導電水性介質，且電解反應被減少或抑制。可能的材料組合以及厚度範圍在先前章節中加以描述。The outer coating on the cathode casing, anode casing, or both of the battery can be a highly conductive material such as a metal to reduce contact resistance during normal operation of the battery or to improve the aesthetics of the battery casing. When a cell comprising the passivation layer and the outer coating is immersed in an aqueous conductive medium, the exposed outer coating on the outer surface oxidizes and becomes soluble as part of the oxidation reaction on the positive electrode of the cell. Once the outer coating is oxidized, the passivation layer is exposed to the conductive aqueous medium and the electrolytic reaction is reduced or inhibited. Possible material combinations and thickness ranges are described in previous sections.
對於第5D圖所描繪的陰極殼體實施例
500d，內導電層
507包含陰極殼體之的部分內表面。鈍化層
508覆蓋內導電層之外表面且在邊緣之上延伸。鈍化層之外表面塗佈有外部塗層
509，而陰極殼體之內表面係經曝露之內導電層。
For the
在第5G圖所描繪的實施例
500g中，包含鈍化金屬的鈍化層
516作為連續塗層跨內部支撐構件
515之內表面、外表面及邊緣表面施加。內部支撐構件完全由鈍化層包裹。內部支撐構件可包含導電的或非導電的，能夠保持罐形狀以及具有經捲製以密封電池的能力的任何材料。鈍化層塗佈有外部塗層
517，使得陰極殼體之內表面、外表面及邊緣表面覆蓋有外部塗層。
In the
在第5H圖所描繪的實施例
500h中，鈍化層
519覆蓋內導電層
518之外表面且在邊緣之上延伸。鈍化層之外表面及邊緣表面以及內導電層之內表面塗佈有外部塗層
520，使得陰極殼體之內表面及外表面塗佈有外部塗層。
In the
在第5I圖所描繪的實施例
500i中，鈍化層
522覆蓋內導電層
521之外表面，而不在邊緣之上延伸。鈍化層之外表面以及內導電層之內表面及邊緣表面塗佈有外部塗層
523，使得陰極殼體之內表面及外表面塗佈有外部塗層。
In the
在第5J圖所描繪的實施例
500j中，鈍化層
525覆蓋內導電層
524之外表面且在邊緣之上並沿陰極殼體之內表面向下延伸，從而覆蓋內導電層，陰極殼體之內底部表面除外。鈍化層之表面及內導電層之未被鈍化層覆蓋的表面塗佈有外部塗層
526，使得陰極殼體之內表面及外表面塗佈有外部塗層。
In the
在第5K圖所描繪的實施例
500k中，鈍化層
528包含陰極殼體之大於50%的整體厚度。內導電層
527包含陰極殼體之小於50%的整體厚度。鈍化層之外表面覆蓋有外部塗層
529。陰極殼體之內表面包含內導電層。陰極殼體之邊緣之表面包含鈍化層。
In the
在第5L圖所描繪的
500l中，鈍化層
530包含陰極殼體之大於90%的整體厚度。所有曝露表面，包括鈍化層之內表面、邊緣表面及外表面都覆蓋有外部塗層
531。
In 5001 depicted in Figure 5L,
在第5N圖所描繪的實施例
500n中，陰極殼體包含包括鈍化金屬的第一層
537、鈍化金屬之第二層
536、外部塗層
538及陰極內導電層
535。
E. 捲製期間的示範性陰極殼體結構 In the
第6A圖描繪根據一個實施例的陰極殼體
600a之一區段之擴展橫截面示意圖，該實施例具有底部
613、環形側部或外環形表面
612及邊緣
614。亦描繪墊圈
606。第6A圖、第6B圖、第6C圖、第7A圖、第7B圖及第8圖表示完整電池之部分橫截面示意圖，但為清楚起見，未展示陽極殼體或電池之內部組件。第6D圖展示與第6C圖z中的示意圖相關但不具有墊圈的原型之橫截面之SEM影像。在此實施例中，部分環形側部經捲製以形成捲製區域
615，該捲製區域包括邊緣或邊緣表面
614。在一些實施例例如如第6A圖所描繪的
600a中，在捲製製程期間，鈍化層
604在邊緣之上延伸且被墊圈
606部分覆蓋。一旦裝配成電池，內導電層
603在電池之外表面上就不具有曝露表面。在另一個實施例例如如第6B圖所描繪的
600b中，在捲製製程期間，鈍化層
604在邊緣之上並沿內側壁向下延伸且被墊圈
606覆蓋。在一些實施例中，(第6C圖中描繪陰極殼體
600c之一區段)鈍化層
604在諸如衝壓製製程的製程中自初始壁厚延伸並變薄且經摺邊折疊於內導電層
603之上。第6D圖中描繪製成陰極殼體600d之一區段，第6D圖展示具有摺邊折疊的一個示範性原型捲製單元之橫截面之SEM影像。在第6D圖中的此特定實例中，鈍化層
604之厚度在近似200 µm的厚度處開始，邊緣
614中的厚度由於衝壓方法而變化，且邊緣
614之變薄部分中的內導電層(在一些實施例中亦稱為內部支撐構件)具有5 µm至100 µm的變化厚度。
6A depicts an expanded cross-sectional schematic view of a section of
如第7A圖及第7B圖所見，在一些實施例中，內導電層
703與鈍化層
704之間的界面在陰極殼體之邊緣
714處曝露。陰極殼體
700a及
700b具有底部或外底部表面
713、環形側部
712、邊緣
714及捲製區域
715。在一些實施例例如
700a中，所曝露界面覆蓋有不透水塗層
710以防止在浸入期間內導電層
703曝露於水性導電介質。在其他實施例例如
700b中，所曝露界面覆蓋有延伸墊圈
706以防止在浸入期間內導電層
703曝露於水性導電介質。
As seen in Figures 7A and 7B, in some embodiments, the interface between the inner
第8圖展示根據一個實施例的陰極殼體
800之一區段之擴展橫截面示意圖，該實施例具有底部
813、環形側部
812及邊緣
814。亦描繪墊圈
806。在此實施例中，部分環形側部經捲製以形成捲製區域
815，該捲製區域包括邊緣
814。在此等實施例中，捲製區域具有魚鉤形狀，其中邊緣朝向陰極殼體之底部旋轉且邊緣表面買入墊圈中。鈍化層
804之一部分被墊圈覆蓋。內導電層
803不具有曝露於電池外表面的表面，且因此在浸入導電水性介質中期間受到保護。
F. 示範性陽極及陰極殼體材料 Figure 8 shows an expanded cross-sectional schematic view of a section of
陽極及陰極殼體組件可包含本技術領域中彼等技術者已知的各種材料。用於內導電層之合適材料包括但不限於導電金屬。在某些實施例中，內導電層包含鋁、不銹鋼、鉻、鎢、金、釩、鎳、鈮、鈦、鉭、銀、其合金或其任何組合。在特定實施例中，陽極內導電層及/或陰極內導電層包含不銹鋼。在一些實施例中，內導電層包含鋁、不銹鋼、鉻、金、釩、鎳、銀、銅、鎂、鋅、其合金或其中之任何二或更多者之組合。The anode and cathode casing components may comprise various materials known to those skilled in the art. Suitable materials for the inner conductive layer include, but are not limited to, conductive metals. In certain embodiments, the inner conductive layer comprises aluminum, stainless steel, chromium, tungsten, gold, vanadium, nickel, niobium, titanium, tantalum, silver, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the anode inner conductive layer and/or the cathode inner conductive layer comprises stainless steel. In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer comprises aluminum, stainless steel, chromium, gold, vanadium, nickel, silver, copper, magnesium, zinc, alloys thereof, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
在某些實施例中，5 µm至300 µm變化厚度的不銹鋼盤可放置在鈍化層之一部分中。不銹鋼盤與鈍化層電接觸且可以係內導電層及/或內部支撐構件。In certain embodiments, stainless steel disks of varying thicknesses from 5 μm to 300 μm may be placed in a portion of the passivation layer. The stainless steel disk is in electrical contact with the passivation layer and can be an inner conductive layer and/or an inner support member.
不銹鋼係合金且可以各種形式商購獲得。可用於內導電層的不銹鋼包括但不限於SS304、SS316、SS430、雙相2205、雙相2304、雙相2507、或鉻含量等於或大於10重量%及/或鎳含量等於或大於0.1重量%的一或多種其他不銹鋼。與當前的商品電池一樣，鉻含量係為了創建有利於自電池內容物進行電子轉移的氧化物條件。Stainless steel is an alloy and is commercially available in various forms. Stainless steels that can be used for the inner conductive layer include, but are not limited to, SS304, SS316, SS430, Duplex 2205, Duplex 2304, Duplex 2507, or those with a chromium content equal to or greater than 10 wt% and/or a nickel content equal to or greater than 0.1 wt% One or more other stainless steels. As with current commercial batteries, the chromium content is designed to create oxide conditions that favor electron transfer from the battery contents.
在一些實施例中，包含釩的層可安置於內導電層與鈍化層之間。 在一些實施例中，包含釩的層係1%至95%、25%至80%或大於75%的釩結合一或多種其他結合材料、複合材料、內導電材料或本文所描述之鈍化金屬。In some embodiments, a layer comprising vanadium may be disposed between the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer. In some embodiments, the layer comprising vanadium is 1% to 95%, 25% to 80%, or greater than 75% vanadium in combination with one or more other bonding materials, composite materials, internally conductive materials, or passivation metals described herein.
除了導電金屬之外，內導電層及/或鈍化層可包含導電複合材料。在一個實施例中，導電顆粒嵌入非導電介質中以形成整體導電膜，該整體導電膜作為內導電層及/或鈍化層塗佈至陰極殼體上。在另一個實施例中，銀、鎳、導電炭黑、碳奈米管、石墨烯、石墨及/或碳纖維用作導電複合膜中的導電顆粒。In addition to the conductive metal, the inner conductive layer and/or the passivation layer may comprise a conductive composite material. In one embodiment, the conductive particles are embedded in a non-conductive medium to form an integral conductive film that is applied to the cathode casing as an inner conductive layer and/or a passivation layer. In another embodiment, silver, nickel, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite and/or carbon fibers are used as conductive particles in the conductive composite film.
在一些實施例中，陰極殼體包含內部支撐構件。在一些實施例中，內部支撐構件係內導電層。在一些實施例中，內部支撐構件包含絕緣材料。在一些實施例中，內部支撐構件包含熱固性彈性體。熱固性彈性體之實例包括但不限於聚二甲基矽氧烷、交聯聚氨酯塗層、交聯丙烯酸酯、橡膠環氧樹脂或其任何組合。在一些實施例中，交聯丙烯酸酯可使用紫外光源進行交聯。在塗佈、模製或熱壓成形以形成包含絕緣材料的內部支撐構件之後，在一些實施例中，絕緣材料之整體收縮率小於30%、小於15%或小於5%。在塗佈、模製或熱壓成形以形成包含絕緣材料的內部支撐構件之後，在一些實施例中，絕緣材料之整體收縮率為0%至30%、或0%至15%或0%至5%。In some embodiments, the cathode casing includes an internal support member. In some embodiments, the inner support member is an inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the inner support member includes an insulating material. In some embodiments, the inner support member comprises a thermoset elastomer. Examples of thermoset elastomers include, but are not limited to, polydimethylsiloxanes, cross-linked polyurethane coatings, cross-linked acrylates, rubber epoxies, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the cross-linked acrylate can be cross-linked using a UV light source. After coating, molding, or thermocompression to form the inner support member comprising the insulating material, in some embodiments, the overall shrinkage of the insulating material is less than 30%, less than 15%, or less than 5%. After coating, molding, or thermoforming to form the inner support member comprising the insulating material, in some embodiments, the overall shrinkage of the insulating material is 0% to 30%, or 0% to 15%, or 0% to 0% 5%.
在一些實施例中，熱固性聚合物之分解溫度大於85℃、大於100℃、大於125℃、大於150℃、大於175℃或大於200℃。在一些實施例中，熱固性聚合物之分解溫度係85℃至100℃、或100℃至125℃、125℃至150℃、150℃至175℃、或175℃至200℃或200℃至500℃的溫度。In some embodiments, the thermoset polymer has a decomposition temperature greater than 85°C, greater than 100°C, greater than 125°C, greater than 150°C, greater than 175°C, or greater than 200°C. In some embodiments, the thermosetting polymer has a decomposition temperature of 85°C to 100°C, or 100°C to 125°C, 125°C to 150°C, 150°C to 175°C, or 175°C to 200°C or 200°C to 500°C temperature.
在一些實施例中，示範性電池包含不透水塗層，該不透水塗層安置於陰極殼體之邊緣表面上並覆蓋該邊緣表面，且任選地安置於陽極殼體之外表面之一部分上，或任選地安置於陰極殼體之外表面之一部分上，或任選地安置於陽極殼體之外表面之一部分及陰極殼體之外表面之一部分二者上。不透水塗層可選自以下：天然橡膠、TFE、Exxon Butyl、氯丁二烯、環氧氯丙烷、乙烯丙烯、氟矽、氫化腈、液體聚矽氧橡膠、醫用乙烯丙烯、聚矽氧、腈、全氟彈性體、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、苯乙烯丁二烯、Teflon、Vamac、PTFE、viton或其中之一或多者之任何組合。In some embodiments, an exemplary cell includes a water impermeable coating disposed on and covering an edge surface of the cathode casing, and optionally disposed on a portion of the outer surface of the anode casing , or optionally disposed on a portion of the outer surface of the cathode casing, or optionally disposed on both a portion of the outer surface of the anode casing and a portion of the outer surface of the cathode casing. The impermeable coating can be selected from the following: Natural Rubber, TFE, Exxon Butyl, Chloroprene, Epichlorohydrin, Ethylene Propylene, Fluorosilicone, Hydrogenated Nitrile, Liquid Silicone Rubber, Medical Ethylene Propylene, Polysiloxane , nitrile, perfluoroelastomer, polyacrylate, polyurethane, styrene butadiene, Teflon, Vamac, PTFE, viton or any combination of one or more of them.
在其他實施例中，示範性電池包含不透水塗層，該不透水塗層安置於陰極殼體之邊緣上並覆蓋該邊緣，且任選地安置於陽極殼體之外表面之一部分上，且任選地安置於陰極殼體之外表面之一部分上，其中該不透水塗層之材料與墊圈相同。In other embodiments, the exemplary cell includes a water impermeable coating disposed on and covering the edge of the cathode casing, and optionally disposed on a portion of the outer surface of the anode casing, and Optionally disposed on a portion of the outer surface of the cathode casing, wherein the water impermeable coating is of the same material as the gasket.
在另外的實施例中，陰極內導電層進一步包含外底部表面、外環形表面及邊緣表面，其中該外底部表面由陰極鈍化層包裹，該外環形表面及該邊緣表面由陰極鈍化層、墊圈、不透水塗層或其任何組合包裹。In other embodiments, the cathode inner conductive layer further comprises an outer bottom surface, an outer annular surface, and an edge surface, wherein the outer bottom surface is surrounded by a cathode passivation layer, and the outer annular surface and the edge surface are surrounded by a cathode passivation layer, a gasket, Wrapped with an impermeable coating or any combination thereof.
在一些實施例中，不透水塗層包含橡膠、布納、聚矽氧、聚矽氧橡膠、PTFE、viton、或彈性材料或塑膠諸如尼龍、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯、三氟氯乙烯、全氟烷氧基聚合物、聚乙烯基化合物、聚乙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯及其組合。In some embodiments, the water-impermeable coating comprises rubber, buna, polysiloxane, polysiloxane, PTFE, viton, or an elastic material or plastic such as nylon, teflon, fluorinated ethylene propylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene Ethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymers, polyvinyl compounds, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polystilbene, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, and combinations thereof.
墊圈可包含本技術領域中已知的任何材料。在一些實施例中，墊圈包含彈性材料或塑膠諸如尼龍、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯、三氟氯乙烯、全氟烷氧基聚合物、聚乙烯基化合物、聚乙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、聚矽氧橡膠或其中之任何二或更多者之任何組合。 G. 示範性陽極殼體結構 The gasket may comprise any material known in the art. In some embodiments, the gasket comprises an elastic material or plastic such as nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymers, polyvinyl compounds, polyethylene, polyterephthalene Ethylene formate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polysiloxane, or any combination of any two or more thereof. G. Exemplary Anode Housing Structure
第10圖描繪用於本揭露之電池中的示範性陽極殼體。陽極殼體
1000包含頂部
1007、環形側部
1008及摺邊折疊
1009。陽極殼體包含內導電層
1001a及鈍化層
1001b。在另一個實施例中，當電池如第3圖所展示裝配好時，摺邊折疊完全嵌入墊圈中。
Figure 10 depicts an exemplary anode casing for use in the cells of the present disclosure.
所例證之陰極殼體結構中之各者，包括針對第6圖之實施例描述的層之定位及材料類型適用於陽極殼體。Each of the exemplified cathode casing structures, including the positioning of the layers and material types described for the embodiment of FIG. 6, are applicable to the anode casing.
在一些實施例中，鈍化層在陽極殼體之摺邊折疊
1009之上延伸。
In some embodiments, the passivation layer extends over the hemmed
在又另一個實施例中，鈍化層跨整個表面施加，得到自陽極殼體之外表面至殼體之內表面的連續塗層。陽極殼體之外表面至殼體之內表面可以係相同或不同的材料。在另一個實施例中，陽極殼體之外表面係鈍化金屬，且陽極殼體之內表面係不銹鋼或鋁。在其中陽極包含內部支撐構件的另一個實施例中，內部支撐構件完全由鈍化層包裹，使得內部支撐構件不位於陽極殼體之外表面上。內部支撐構件可包含導電的或非導電的，能夠保持陽極形狀以及具有承受捲製壓力以密封電池的能力的任何材料。在一個實施例中，內部支撐構件係不銹鋼。In yet another embodiment, the passivation layer is applied across the entire surface, resulting in a continuous coating from the outer surface of the anode casing to the inner surface of the casing. The outer surface of the anode casing to the inner surface of the casing can be of the same or different materials. In another embodiment, the outer surface of the anode casing is a passivating metal, and the inner surface of the anode casing is stainless steel or aluminum. In another embodiment wherein the anode includes an inner support member, the inner support member is completely surrounded by the passivation layer such that the inner support member is not located on the outer surface of the anode casing. The inner support member may comprise any material, conductive or non-conductive, capable of maintaining the shape of the anode and capable of withstanding the pressure of rolling to seal the cell. In one embodiment, the inner support member is stainless steel.
在一些實施例中，內導電層及鈍化層藉由結合層接合。在一些實施例中，結合係導電黏合劑。 H. 作為密封杯的陰極殼體 In some embodiments, the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer are joined by a bonding layer. In some embodiments, the bonding system is a conductive adhesive. H. Cathode casing as sealed cup
第2圖展示示範性紐扣單元電池。「陽極殼體」定義為與電化學單元之陽極直接接觸的電池殼體，且「陰極殼體」定義為與電化學單元之陰極直接接觸的電池殼體。陰極殼體及陽極殼體之形狀及大小可視電池類型變化。典型的紐扣單元電池外殼包含密封杯及底部罐。第2圖展示其中密封杯係陽極殼體
201且底部罐係陰極殼體
202的示範性紐扣單元電池。
Figure 2 shows an exemplary coin cell battery. "Anode casing" is defined as the battery casing in direct contact with the anode of the electrochemical cell, and "cathode casing" is defined as the battery casing in direct contact with the cathode of the electrochemical cell. The shape and size of the cathode casing and anode casing can vary depending on the type of battery. A typical coin cell battery housing contains a sealed cup and bottom can. Figure 2 shows an exemplary coin cell battery in which the sealed cup is the
本揭露中亦預期其中組態與上述組態相反的某些實施例。 在某些實施例中，密封杯係陰極殼體且底部罐係陽極殼體。在一個實施例中，如第9圖所展示，電池係紐扣單元或包含電池殼體的圓柱形電池，其中該電池殼體包含密封杯
901及底部罐
902及墊圈
906，其中該密封杯之外徑小於該底部罐之內徑，且密封杯之至少一部分定位在底部罐內部，且墊圈位於密封杯與底部罐之間，且進一步地其中底部罐之環形壁朝向密封杯之環形壁捲製。電池進一步包含電化學單元，該電化學單元包含陽極
903、陰極
905及定位於陽極
903與陰極
905之間的分離器
904。在此實施例中，陰極殼體係密封杯且陽極殼體係底部罐。在一些實施例中，密封杯之邊緣表面在裝配之後有利地嵌入至墊圈中，從而保護密封杯之邊緣表面以免在浸入期間曝露於導電水性介質。
III . 與導電水性介質的示範性接觸 Certain embodiments in which configurations are reversed from those described above are also contemplated in this disclosure. In certain embodiments, the sealed cup is the cathode casing and the bottom can is the anode casing. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 9, the battery is a button cell or a cylindrical battery that includes a battery case that includes a sealed
電池與導電水性介質的接觸包括浸入、或部分浸入、導電水性介質中的電池或使電池與濕組織接觸，濕組織諸如哺乳動物之口、咽喉、食道或GI道之任何其他部位之組織。在一些實施例中，與導電水性介質的接觸包含將電池放置於水合組織上使得陽極殼體之至少一部分與水合組織接觸。在一些實施例中，水合組織係水合火腿，而在其他實施例中，組織係水合豬食道組織。Contacting the battery with the conductive aqueous medium includes immersing, or partially immersing, the battery in the conductive aqueous medium or contacting the battery with wet tissue, such as tissue in the mouth, throat, esophagus, or any other part of the GI tract of a mammal. In some embodiments, the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium includes placing the cell on the hydrated tissue such that at least a portion of the anode casing is in contact with the hydrated tissue. In some embodiments, the hydrated tissue is hydrated ham, while in other embodiments, the tissue is hydrated pig esophagus tissue.
在另一個實施例中，與導電水性介質的接觸包含將電池浸入導電水性介質中，陽極端子面向上。陽極及陰極二者與導電水性介質接觸。完全浸入的電池具有與導電水性介質接觸的整個陽極及整個陰極。部分浸入包括以下實施例，其中1)所有陽極殼體，但僅一部分陰極殼體，2)所有陰極殼體，但但僅一部分陽極殼體，或3)陽極殼體及陰極殼體二者之一部分與導電水性介質接觸。In another embodiment, the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises immersing the cell in the conductive aqueous medium with the anode terminal facing upward. Both the anode and the cathode are in contact with the conductive aqueous medium. A fully immersed cell has the entire anode and the entire cathode in contact with the conductive aqueous medium. Partial immersion includes embodiments where 1) all anode casings, but only a portion of the cathode casing, 2) all cathode casings, but only a portion of the anode casing, or 3) both the anode casing and the cathode casing A part is in contact with the conductive aqueous medium.
在一個實施例中，導電水性介質係20 mL的25% Ringer氏溶液或者係生理鹽水，具有5至7的初始pH。在一些實施例中，在電池浸入之後，在每5分鐘採樣間隔之情況下，溶液在第一60分鐘時間週期內的平均pH不超過平均pH 10。pH應在無需混合之情況下直接在溶液容器中在陽極殼中心上方3 cm處用pH試紙測量。在又另一個實施例中，溶液之pH在浸入後10分鐘至60分鐘的時間週期內不超過9.5。在另一個實施例中，溶液之pH在浸入後10分鐘至60分鐘的時間週期內不超過9。在又另一個實施例中，溶液之pH在浸入後10分鐘至60分鐘的時間週期內不超過8.5。在又另一個實施例中，溶液之pH在浸入後10分鐘至60分鐘的時間週期內不超過8。在又另一個實施例中，溶液之pH在浸入後10分鐘至60分鐘的時間週期內不超過7。
IV . 示範性層壓 體 In one embodiment, the conductive aqueous medium is 20 mL of 25% Ringer's solution or normal saline with an initial pH of 5 to 7. In some embodiments, the average pH of the solution over the first 60 minute time period does not exceed an average pH of 10 at every 5 minute sampling interval after battery immersion. The pH should be measured with pH paper directly in the
接下來，本揭露提供可用於形成陽極殼體或陰極殼體的多層層壓體。層壓體係由2或更多個層製成的層狀材料，其中該等層以任何次序使用熱、壓力、焊接、膠合或本技術領域中已知的其他技術貼附。第11圖描繪示範性多層層壓體
1100，其中
1103表示導電層，
1104表示鈍化層，且
1105表示結合層。結合層位於導電層與鈍化層之間。在藉由曝露於壓力及溫度將導電層固定至鈍化層的層壓之後，導電層及鈍化層可電接觸。
Next, the present disclosure provides multilayer laminates that can be used to form anode casings or cathode casings. Lamination system A layered material made of 2 or more layers, where the layers are attached in any order using heat, pressure, welding, gluing, or other techniques known in the art. FIG. 11 depicts an
本文所描述之多層層壓體可有利地用於形成如本文所描述之電池之電極殼體，諸如陰極殼體、陽極殼體或二者。The multilayer laminates described herein can be advantageously used to form electrode casings, such as cathode casings, anode casings, or both, of cells as described herein.
在一些實施例中，結合層包含： a) 多個層； b) 與鈍化層接觸的黏合劑層； c) 與導電層接觸的黏合劑層；或 d) a)、b)及/或c)。 In some embodiments, the bonding layer comprises: a) multiple layers; b) the adhesive layer in contact with the passivation layer; c) the adhesive layer in contact with the conductive layer; or d) a), b) and/or c).
在一些實施例中，導電層具有100 nm至400 µm、100 nm至350 µm、1 µm至350 µm、200 µm至350 µm、1 µm至50 µm、50 µm至200 µm、25 µm至300 µm或175 µm至300 µm的均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, the conductive layer has 100 nm to 400 µm, 100 nm to 350 µm, 1 µm to 350 µm, 200 µm to 350 µm, 1 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 200 µm, 25 µm to 300 µm Or uniform or varying thicknesses from 175 µm to 300 µm.
在另一個實施例中，導電層係不銹鋼，且與結合層接觸的表面具有粗糙表面，該粗糙表面包括峰及谷。表面粗糙度可藉由化學手段諸如蝕刻或藉由物理手段諸如刮痕、衝壓、磨耗或噴砂來形成。結合層在層壓製製程期間沉入谷中，且峰與鈍化層直接電接觸以形成金屬對金屬接觸。這可降低從導電層至鈍化層的電阻。結合層可以係絕緣的，因為可在導電層與鈍化層之間直接進行電接觸。在其他實施例中，鈍化層具有粗糙表面。在其他實施例中，導電層及鈍化層都具有粗糙表面。In another embodiment, the conductive layer is stainless steel, and the surface in contact with the bonding layer has a rough surface including peaks and valleys. Surface roughness can be created by chemical means such as etching or by physical means such as scratching, stamping, abrasion or sandblasting. The bonding layer sinks into the valleys during the lamination process, and the peaks are in direct electrical contact with the passivation layer to form metal-to-metal contacts. This can reduce the resistance from the conductive layer to the passivation layer. The bonding layer can be insulating since direct electrical contact can be made between the conductive layer and the passivation layer. In other embodiments, the passivation layer has a rough surface. In other embodiments, both the conductive layer and the passivation layer have rough surfaces.
在一些實施例中，鈍化層可具有100 nm至400 µm、100 nm至350 µm、1 µm至350 µm的均一或變化厚度。在一些實施例中，鈍化層具有200 µm至350 µm、1 µm至50 µm、1 µm至100 µm、1 µm至300 µm、14 µm至200 µm或50 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, the passivation layer may have a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 400 μm, 100 nm to 350 μm, 1 μm to 350 μm. In some embodiments, the passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 350 μm, 1 μm to 50 μm, 1 μm to 100 μm, 1 μm to 300 μm, 14 μm to 200 μm, or 50 μm to 200 μm.
在一些實施例中，結合具有100 nm至400 µm、100 nm至350 µm、1 µm至350 µm、200 µm至350 µm、1 µm至50 µm或50 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, the bond has a uniform or varying thickness of 100 nm to 400 µm, 100 nm to 350 µm, 1 µm to 350 µm, 200 µm to 350 µm, 1 µm to 50 µm, or 50 µm to 200 µm.
第12圖描繪另一個示範性多層層壓體
1200，其中
1203表示導電層，
1204表示鈍化層，且
1206表示導電層與鈍化層之間的界面。在一些實施例中，導電層及鈍化層直接接合在一起且電接觸。導電層及鈍化層可藉由本技術領域中已知的方法機械地及電氣地接合。例如，物理氣相沉積及化學氣相沉積可用於形成具有1 nm至10 µm厚度的層。包覆、擴散結合、焊接、捏縮、衝壓或以其他方式機械貼附層係用於形成具有1 µm至400 µm、75 µm至330 µm或200 µm至330 µm厚度的層之有用製程。
Figure 12 depicts another
將導電層層壓至鈍化層係一種製造用於前述實施例中之任一者之電池之陽極殼體或陰極殼體中的層壓體之方法，其中該層壓體包含導電層及鈍化層。將導電層包覆至鈍化層係另一種製造用於電池之陽極殼體或陰極殼體中的層壓體之方法，其中該層壓體包含導電層及鈍化層。Laminating a conductive layer to a passivation layer is a method of making a laminate for use in the anode casing or cathode casing of the battery of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the laminate comprises a conductive layer and a passivation layer . Coating a conductive layer to a passivation layer is another method of making a laminate for use in an anode casing or cathode casing of a battery, wherein the laminate includes a conductive layer and a passivation layer.
在一個實施例中，多層層壓體係包層，或者係包層層壓體，或者係雙包層材料。導電層係不銹鋼且鈍化層係鈮、鈦、鉭、鎢或其合金。包覆係可以冶金方式結合異相金屬的製程。一種包覆方法可藉由結合二或更多個金屬條的連續輥壓結合製程來達成。首先，對個別條進行化學或機械清潔。然後，使條穿過設計用於包覆的輥軋機。隨著層穿過輥軋機，輥施加巨大的壓力，從而減少條厚度並形成包層。通常，所產生之包層進一步經熱處理以方便將來衝壓成電池外殼。In one embodiment, the multilayer laminate system is clad, either a clad laminate, or a double clad material. The conductive layer is stainless steel and the passivation layer is niobium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, or alloys thereof. The cladding system can be metallurgically combined with a process of dissimilar metals. One method of cladding can be accomplished by a continuous roll bonding process that combines two or more metal strips. First, chemical or mechanical cleaning of the individual strips is carried out. The strip is then passed through a rolling mill designed for cladding. As the layers pass through the rolling mill, the rollers exert enormous pressure, reducing the strip thickness and forming the cladding. Typically, the resulting cladding is further heat treated to facilitate future stamping into battery casings.
此外，可將外部塗層層壓至層壓體之鈍化層以生產包含外部塗層、鈍化層及導電層的層壓體。例如，包覆可用於將外部塗層附著至層壓體之鈍化層且然後將該鈍化層附著至導電層。在一個層壓製造實施例中，鈍化層安置於導電層與外部塗層之間，該方法包含對導電層、鈍化層及外部塗層進行層壓。在另一個製造實施例中，透過對導電層、鈍化層及外部塗層進行層壓來生產用於前述實施例中之任一者之電池之陽極殼體或陰極殼體中的層壓體。所產生之層壓體包含導電層、鈍化層及外部塗層，其中該鈍化層安置於該導電層與該外部塗層之間。Furthermore, the outer coating can be laminated to the passivation layer of the laminate to produce a laminate comprising the outer coating, the passivation layer and the conductive layer. For example, cladding can be used to attach the outer coating to the passivation layer of the laminate and then attach the passivation layer to the conductive layer. In one lamination fabrication embodiment, the passivation layer is disposed between the conductive layer and the outer coating, the method comprising laminating the conductive layer, the passivation layer and the outer coating. In another manufacturing embodiment, a laminate for use in the anode casing or cathode casing of the cell of any of the preceding embodiments is produced by laminating a conductive layer, a passivation layer, and an outer coating. The resulting laminate includes a conductive layer, a passivation layer, and an outer coating, wherein the passivation layer is disposed between the conductive layer and the outer coating.
在一個實施例中，提供層壓體，該層壓體包含 導電層，及 包含鈍化金屬的鈍化層，其中該層壓體用於電池之陽極殼體或陰極殼體中。 In one embodiment, a laminate is provided, the laminate comprising conductive layer, and A passivation layer comprising a passivation metal, wherein the laminate is used in the anode casing or cathode casing of a battery.
在另一個實施例中，層壓體包含鈍化層，該鈍化層包含選自Ta、Nb、W、Re、Ti、其合金及其組合的鈍化金屬。In another embodiment, the laminate comprises a passivation layer comprising a passivation metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Nb, W, Re, Ti, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.
在另一實施例中，層壓體進一步包含外部塗層。In another embodiment, the laminate further comprises an outer coating.
在一些實施例中，本文所描述之層壓體用來製備待用於製備線材或胚料中的材料(如本文所用，胚料係放入衝壓機中的扁平金屬薄片，出於本申請案之目的，該扁平金屬薄片變成陰極或陽極殼體或罐)。 在一些實施例中，層壓體係胚料。在一些實施例中，層壓體係線材。在一些實施例中，胚料係衝壓成或以其他方式形成為殼體。在一些實施例中，使用已知的線形成製程將線材形成為殼體或罐。在一些實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1:1至5、或1:1.1至4.5、或1:1.5至4、或1:2至3、或1:1、1:1.1、或1:1.2、或1:1.5、或1:2、或1:2.5、或1:3、或1:3.5、或1:4、或1:4.5或1:5。在一些實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1:1至20、或1:1至10、或1:10或1:20。在其他實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1至20:1、或1至10:1、或10:1或20:1。在其他實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:導電層)的均一或變化厚度：1至5:1、或1.1至4.5:1、或1.5至4:1、或2至3:1、或1:1、或1.1:1、或1.2:1、或1.5:1、或2:1、或2.5:1、或3:1、或3.5:1、或4:1、或4.5:1或5:1。在一些實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有以下比率(鈍化層:內導電層)的均一或變化厚度：8:1至1:5、或8:1至1:3、或8:1至1:2、或8:1至1:1.1、或8:1至1:1、或6:1至1:5、或6:1至1:3、或6:1至1:2、或6:1至1:1.1、或6:1至1:1、3:1至1:5、或3:1至1:3、或3:1至1:2、或3:1至1:1.1、或3:1至1:1、或2:1至1:5、或2:1至1:3、或2:1至1:2、或2:1至1:1.1或2:1至1:1。In some embodiments, the laminates described herein are used to prepare materials to be used in the preparation of wires or billets (as used herein, billets are flat metal sheets placed into a punch, for purposes of this application For this purpose, the flat metal sheet becomes the cathode or anode casing or can). In some embodiments, the system blanks are laminated. In some embodiments, the system wire is laminated. In some embodiments, the billet is stamped or otherwise formed into the shell. In some embodiments, the wires are formed into housings or cans using known wire forming processes. In some embodiments, the conductive and passivation layers in the laminate have uniform or varying thicknesses in the following ratios (passivation layer:conductive layer): 1:1 to 5, or 1:1.1 to 4.5, or 1:1.5 to 4, or 1:2 to 3, or 1:1, 1:1.1, or 1:1.2, or 1:1.5, or 1:2, or 1:2.5, or 1:3, or 1:3.5, or 1 :4, or 1:4.5 or 1:5. In some embodiments, the conductive and passivation layers in the laminate have uniform or varying thicknesses in the following ratio (passivation layer:conductive layer): 1:1 to 20, or 1:1 to 10, or 1:10, or 1:20. In other embodiments, the conductive and passivation layers in the laminate have uniform or varying thicknesses in the following ratio (passivation layer:conductive layer): 1 to 20:1, or 1 to 10:1, or 10:1, or 20:1. In other embodiments, the conductive and passivation layers in the laminate have uniform or varying thicknesses in the following ratios (passivation layer:conductive layer): 1 to 5:1, or 1.1 to 4.5:1, or 1.5 to 4: 1, or 2 to 3:1, or 1:1, or 1.1:1, or 1.2:1, or 1.5:1, or 2:1, or 2.5:1, or 3:1, or 3.5:1, or 4:1, or 4.5:1 or 5:1. In some embodiments, the conductive and passivation layers in the laminate have uniform or varying thicknesses of the following ratios (passivation layer: inner conductive layer): 8:1 to 1:5, or 8:1 to 1:3, or 8:1 to 1:2, or 8:1 to 1:1.1, or 8:1 to 1:1, or 6:1 to 1:5, or 6:1 to 1:3, or 6:1 to 1:2, or 6:1 to 1:1.1, or 6:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:5, or 3:1 to 1:3, or 3:1 to 1:2, or 3 :1 to 1:1.1, or 3:1 to 1:1, or 2:1 to 1:5, or 2:1 to 1:3, or 2:1 to 1:2, or 2:1 to 1: 1.1 or 2:1 to 1:1.
在一些實施例中，層壓體中的導電層及鈍化層具有1 µm至400 µm、或10 µm至400 µm、或50 µm至400 µm、或10 µm至300 µm、或50 µm至300 µm或100 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度。 導電層及鈍化層具有如本文所描述之均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, the conductive layers and passivation layers in the laminate have 1 μm to 400 μm, or 10 μm to 400 μm, or 50 μm to 400 μm, or 10 μm to 300 μm, or 50 μm to 300 μm Or uniform or varying thicknesses from 100 µm to 200 µm. The conductive and passivation layers have uniform or varying thicknesses as described herein.
製造製程可改變導電層及鈍化層之厚度。衝壓、輥壓、壓製及其他製造步驟致使層薄化。 在一些實施例中，薄化發生在一個層中。 在一些實施例中，薄化發生在多於一個層中。 在一些實施例中，薄化製程在層上不是均一的。例如，如第15A圖所見，衝壓陰極殼體之環形側部可被拉伸或拉長(
1501)，從而導致該區域中的總層厚度比陰極殼體之其餘部分薄及該區域內的層比陰極殼體之未被拉伸的區域薄兩種情況。 在一些實施例中，折疊製程用於折疊拉長區域(
1501)以提供總厚度可以係均一或變化的且與陰極殼體之側部
1505之厚度相似的區域
1502。
The manufacturing process can vary the thickness of the conductive and passivation layers. Stamping, rolling, pressing and other manufacturing steps result in layer thinning. In some embodiments, the thinning occurs in one layer. In some embodiments, the thinning occurs in more than one layer. In some embodiments, the thinning process is not uniform across layers. For example, as seen in Figure 15A, the annular side portion of the stamped cathode casing may be stretched or elongated ( 1501 ), resulting in a thinner overall layer thickness in this area than the rest of the cathode casing and layers in this area Thinner than the unstretched area of the cathode casing in both cases. In some embodiments, a folding process is used to fold the elongated regions ( 1501 ) to provide
在其中總層壓體厚度為200 µm至250 µm總厚度的一個實施例中，層壓體鈍化層具有70 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度，且層壓體導電層具有50 µm至180 µm的均一或變化厚度。陰極殼體之在製造期間經歷彎折及/或折疊的區域具有例如14 µm至40 µm的均一或變化厚度的鈍化層。如第15A圖所展示，陰極殼體環形壁具有均一或變化厚度為70 µm至200 µm的鈍化層及均一或變化厚度為50 µm至180 µm的內導電層。In one embodiment wherein the total laminate thickness is 200 µm to 250 µm total thickness, the laminate passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 70 µm to 200 µm, and the laminate conductive layer has 50 µm to 180 µm of uniform or varying thickness. The regions of the cathode casing that undergo bending and/or folding during manufacture have a passivation layer of uniform or varying thickness, eg, 14 μm to 40 μm. As shown in Figure 15A, the cathode casing annular wall has a passivation layer of uniform or varying thickness from 70 µm to 200 µm and an inner conductive layer of uniform or varying thickness from 50 µm to 180 µm.
在一些實施例中，本文中的陰極殼體可由包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含均一或變化厚度為60 µm至200 µm的鈍化層及均一或變化厚度為50 µm至190 µm的導電層。在一些實施例中，本文已描述的陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且其中該陰極殼體包含摺邊折疊，該摺邊折疊在摺邊折疊之各側面上具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的鈍化層及222 µm至50 µm的總內導電層厚度，且其中該陰極殼體包含環形側壁，該環形側壁包含均一或變化厚度為60 µm至200 µm的鈍化層及190 µm至50 µm的內導電層厚度。In some embodiments, the cathode casings herein may be prepared from a clad laminate comprising a passivation layer having a uniform or varying thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm and a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm Conductive layer to 190 µm. In some embodiments, the cathode casings that have been described herein have a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 250 μm; and wherein the cathode casing includes a hemmed fold having uniformity on each side of the hemmed fold or a passivation layer of varying thickness from 14 µm to 75 µm and a total inner conductive layer thickness of 222 µm to 50 µm, and wherein the cathode casing comprises an annular sidewall comprising a uniform or varying thickness of 60 µm to 200 µm Passivation layer and inner conductive layer thickness from 190 µm to 50 µm.
在一些實施例中，本文中的陰極殼體可由包層層壓體製備而成，該包層層壓體包含均一或變化厚度為60 µm至200 µm的鈍化層及均一或變化厚度為50 µm至190 µm的導電層。在一些實施例中，本文已描述的陰極殼體具有200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度；且其中該陰極殼體包含摺邊折疊，且其中該摺邊折疊包含第一側面及第二側面，且進一步地其中該第一側面及該第二側面中之各者具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至75 µm的鈍化層，且該摺邊折疊具有200 µm至250 µm的總厚度，其中該摺邊折疊之該第一側面接觸該摺邊折疊之該第二側面。 第15C圖可見摺邊折疊之一實例。 在區段
1502中，摺邊折疊之第一側面具有面向陰極殼體內部的鈍化層，且摺邊折疊之第二側面具有面向陰極殼體外部的鈍化層。作為折疊製程之結果，摺邊折疊之各側面之內導電層聚集在一起。
In some embodiments, the cathode casings herein may be prepared from a clad laminate comprising a passivation layer having a uniform or varying thickness of 60 μm to 200 μm and a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm Conductive layer to 190 µm. In some embodiments, the cathode casings described herein have a uniform or varying thickness of 200 μm to 250 μm; and wherein the cathode casing includes a hem fold, and wherein the hem fold includes a first side and a second side , and further wherein each of the first side and the second side has a passivation layer of uniform or varying thickness of 14 μm to 75 μm, and the hemming fold has a total thickness of 200 μm to 250 μm, wherein the The first side of the hemming fold contacts the second side of the hemming fold. An example of a hemmed fold can be seen in Figure 15C. In
在一些實施例中，層壓體之層之厚度竟選擇以允許最終製成陰極殼體或陽極殼體具有均一或變化厚度為14 µm至200 µm或25 µm至300 µm或175 µm至300 µm的導電層。在一些實施例中，層壓體之層之厚度竟選擇以允許最終製成陰極殼體或陽極殼體具有均一或變化厚度為1 µm至75 µm或1 µm至300 µm或1 µm至100 µm的鈍化層。在一些實施例中，層壓體之層之厚度竟選擇以允許最終製成陰極殼體或陽極殼體具有均一或變化厚度為100 nm至5 µm的外部塗層。在一些實施例中，層壓體具有50 µm至400 µm、或175 µm至400 µm、或100 µm至330 µm、276 µm至330 µm的均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the layers of the laminate are chosen to allow the final fabricated cathode casing or anode casing to have a uniform or varying thickness of 14 μm to 200 μm or 25 μm to 300 μm or 175 μm to 300 μm the conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the layers of the laminate are chosen to allow the final fabricated cathode casing or anode casing to have a uniform or varying thickness of 1 μm to 75 μm or 1 μm to 300 μm or 1 μm to 100 μm passivation layer. In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the layers of the laminate are selected to allow the final cathode casing or anode casing to have an outer coating of uniform or varying thickness from 100 nm to 5 μm. In some embodiments, the laminate has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 μm to 400 μm, or 175 μm to 400 μm, or 100 μm to 330 μm, 276 μm to 330 μm.
在一些實施例中，在形成陰極殼體之前，層壓體具有1 µm至400 µm、50 µm至400 µm、100 µm至400 µm、或150 µm至400 µm、或100 µm至300 µm、或100 µm至200 µm、或200 µm至300 µm或200 µm至250 µm的均一或變化厚度。In some embodiments, prior to forming the cathode casing, the laminate has 1 μm to 400 μm, 50 μm to 400 μm, 100 μm to 400 μm, or 150 μm to 400 μm, or 100 μm to 300 μm, or Uniform or varying thicknesses from 100 µm to 200 µm, or 200 µm to 300 µm or 200 µm to 250 µm.
在一些實施例中，由本文所揭示之層壓體製成的陰極殼體具有與原始層壓體相同或實質上相同的均一或變化厚度。在其他實施例中，製造製程可改變層壓體之厚度、及層壓體之導電層及鈍化層之厚度。衝壓、輥壓、壓製及其他製造步驟致使層壓體及層壓體之層薄化。 在一些實施例中，薄化發生在一個層中。 在一些實施例中，薄化發生在多於一個層中。 在一些實施例中，薄化製程在層上不是均一的。例如，如第15A圖所見，壓製陰極罐之環形側部可被拉伸或拉長(
1501)，從而導致該區域中的總層厚度比罐之其餘部分薄及該區域內的層比罐之未被拉伸的區域薄兩種情況。 在一些實施例中，折疊製程用於折疊拉長區域(
1501)以提供總厚度與罐之其餘部分相似的區域
1502。
In some embodiments, cathode casings made from the laminates disclosed herein have the same or substantially the same uniform or varying thickness as the original laminate. In other embodiments, the manufacturing process can vary the thickness of the laminate, and the thickness of the conductive and passivation layers of the laminate. Stamping, rolling, pressing and other manufacturing steps result in the thinning of the laminate and layers of the laminate. In some embodiments, the thinning occurs in one layer. In some embodiments, the thinning occurs in more than one layer. In some embodiments, the thinning process is not uniform across layers. For example, as seen in Figure 15A, the annular side of the pressed cathode can can be stretched or elongated ( 1501 ), resulting in a thinner overall layer thickness in this area than the rest of the can and layers in this area than the can The unstretched area is thin in two cases. In some embodiments, a folding process is used to fold the elongated region ( 1501 ) to provide
在其中總層壓體厚度為200 µm至250 µm的一個實施例中，層壓體鈍化層具有70 µm至200 µm的均一或變化厚度，且內導電層具有50 µm至180 µm的均一或變化厚度。陰極殼體之經歷彎折及/或折疊的區域具有14 µm至40 µm的均一或變化厚度的最終鈍化層。參見例如第15A圖及第15C圖中的 1502。 V . 示範性製造方法 In one embodiment wherein the total laminate thickness is 200 µm to 250 µm, the laminate passivation layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 70 µm to 200 µm, and the inner conductive layer has a uniform or varying thickness of 50 µm to 180 µm thickness. The regions of the cathode casing that undergo bending and/or folding have a final passivation layer of uniform or varying thickness from 14 μm to 40 μm. See, eg, 1502 in Figures 15A and 15C. V. Exemplary Manufacturing Method
本揭露進一步提供用於製造前述示範性陰極殼體、陽極殼體及示範性電池之方法。本文中的具體實例使用陰極殼體作為實例。此等相同製造方法亦可適用於陽極殼體。有若干種方法可用，包括以下非限制性實例。在第13圖所描繪的一個實施例中，製造陰極殼體之方法包含以下步驟：
a) 提供包含導電層
1303及鈍化層
1304的層壓體
1330，導電層與鈍化層之間具有界面
1305；
b) 對層壓體
1330進行衝壓以形成包含底部、環形側部及邊緣的陰極殼體
1300；及
c) 形成穿過層的導電通路，
其中該導電層
1303形成陰極殼體之內表面，且該鈍化層
1304形成陰極殼體之外表面。
The present disclosure further provides methods for making the aforementioned exemplary cathode casings, anode casings, and exemplary cells. The specific examples herein use the cathode casing as an example. These same manufacturing methods can also be applied to the anode casing. Several methods are available, including the following non-limiting examples. In one embodiment depicted in Figure 13, a method of manufacturing a cathode casing comprises the steps of: a) providing a laminate 1330 comprising a
在一種方法中，由示範性層壓體衝壓出示範性陰極殼體以形成包含底部、環形側部及邊緣的陰極殼體；且其中該導電層形成該殼體之內表面，且該鈍化層形成該殼體之外表面。在另一種方法中，由示範性層壓體衝壓出示範性陰極殼體以形成包含底部、環形側部及邊緣的陰極殼體；且其中該導電層形成該殼體之內表面，且外部塗層形成該殼體之外表面。其他用於形成陰極殼體之方法涉及以下步驟：使示範性層壓體包含導電層及鈍化層，其中鈍化層放置於導電塗層與外部塗層之間；及將層壓體衝壓成具有底部、環形側壁及邊緣的杯形。In one method, an exemplary cathode casing is stamped from an exemplary laminate to form a cathode casing comprising a bottom, annular sides, and edges; and wherein the conductive layer forms an interior surface of the casing, and the passivation layer The outer surface of the housing is formed. In another method, an exemplary cathode casing is stamped out of an exemplary laminate to form a cathode casing comprising a bottom, annular sides, and edges; and wherein the conductive layer forms the inner surface of the casing, and the outer coating is The layers form the outer surface of the shell. Other methods for forming cathode casings involve the steps of: making an exemplary laminate include a conductive layer and a passivation layer, wherein the passivation layer is placed between the conductive coating and the outer coating; and stamping the laminate with a bottom , annular side walls and cup-shaped edges.
在如第14圖所描繪的另一個實施例中，製造陰極殼體
1400之方法包含將殼體之邊沿朝向殼體之中心輥壓
1401以將鈍化層
1404包繞在殼體之邊緣
1414之上之步驟。這樣做時，捲製後的陰極殼體之外表面將不包含內導電層
1403。在一些實施例中，殼體之邊沿輥壓至少270°或更多，如第14B圖中之特寫陰極殼體邊緣示意圖所展示。在其他實施例中，殼體之邊沿朝向殼體之中心輥壓角度X°，其中X°係相對平行於殼體之底部的於0°測量的
1401，其中X°之範圍可為1°至270°、5°至200°、45°至135°、270°至360°或360°至720° (參見例如第14B圖及第14C圖)。
In another embodiment, as depicted in Figure 14, a method of making a
在如第14D圖所描繪的其他實施例中，殼體之頂部部分朝向殼體之中心折疊180°
1401以將鈍化層
1404包繞在殼體之邊緣
1414之上，且該折疊沿殼體之壁
1402向下繼續進行。在此實施例中，鈍化層覆蓋陰極殼體之外表面、邊緣表面及內壁之表面。內導電層
1403係陰極殼體之底部之內表面。
In other embodiments as depicted in Figure 14D, the top portion of the shell is folded 180° 1401 towards the center of the shell to wrap the
第15A圖至第15C圖中展示另一種製造方法。首先在第15A圖中，將包含內導電層
1503及鈍化層
1504的示範性層壓體
1500e衝壓成罐形狀。接下來，藉由衝壓、熨平或輥壓製製程拉製出環形壁之上部部分以形成延伸環形側部
1501及下部環形側部
1505。然後，利用漸進衝壓步驟將壁之拉製出的部分朝向殼體之中心折疊於邊緣之上。這導致具有變化厚度且鈍化層在邊緣
1502之表面之上延伸的陰極殼體。修整步驟諸如另外的輥壓或研磨可用於使壁之內表面更平滑並減少接縫之寬度及深度。在一些實施例中，延伸環形側部之拉製出的部分折疊於邊緣之上以形成摺邊折疊且藉由本技術領域中已知的方法接合至其本身。
Another fabrication method is shown in FIGS. 15A-15C. First in Figure 15A, an
第15B圖展示鈍化層中的摺邊折疊中的彎折處開裂從而允許內導電層曝露於周圍環境之一實例之SEM影像。 第15C圖展示具有均一及變化厚度從而不允許內導電層尤其是在摺邊折疊中曝露於周圍環境的鈍化層之一實例之SEM影像。Figure 15B shows an SEM image of an example of an example of a fold in the passivation layer cracking at the fold to allow the inner conductive layer to be exposed to the surrounding environment. Figure 15C shows an SEM image of an example of a passivation layer with uniform and varying thicknesses that do not allow the inner conductive layer to be exposed to the surrounding environment, especially during hemming folds.
第16圖描繪另一種製造示範性陰極殼體之方法。以圓形形式沖切出導電層
1603，且亦將鈍化層
1604沖切成具有比導電層大的直徑。將該等層居中使得鈍化層位於底部上以構成層壓體
1600a。將層壓體衝壓成罐形狀，使得在內側上具有導電層且環形高度短於鈍化層環形高度
1600b。接下來，將鈍化層向下折疊以至少覆蓋導電層之邊緣頂部
1600c。可使用相似製程來使鈍化層
1604沿內環形壁側面向下延伸，如示意圖
1601a 至 1601c所展示，以部分地或完全覆蓋導電層罐形狀之內壁，從而產生包含二層層壓體之陰極殼體。
Figure 16 depicts another method of fabricating an exemplary cathode casing. The
在一個示範性陰極殼體中，以200 µm的整體層壓體
1500e開始，其包含40 µm至60 µm的鈍化層
1504厚度包覆至140 µm至150 µm的內導電層
1503厚度。在衝壓、熨平及形成壁之折疊部分時，在延伸步驟期間，環形側壁上的層厚度減少30%至70%，為約12 µm至45 µm。在對延伸部分進行摺邊折疊時，在拉伸延伸率下在邊緣1502之表面之上延伸的鈍化層將鈍化層
1504厚度減少15％至50％，進一步為6 µm至20 µm。在初始鈍化層
1504厚度等於或小於60 µm下，有可能製造在邊緣
1502處的鈍化層厚度為20 µm或更小的陰極殼體並將其裝配成如本文所揭示之電池。然而，存在此厚度在衝壓、熨平及折疊步驟下或在將陰極殼體處置及捲製成最終功能電池之過程中不足以製備如本文所描述之全功能電池的情況。第15B圖展示示範性陰極殼體
1500b之顯微鏡影像，其中層壓體中具有50 µm的
1504厚度的鈍化層被拉伸至小於20 µm且在摺邊折疊製程之後顯示出在邊緣
1502處開裂，從而損害鈍化層
1504之連續性並曝露內導電層
1503之一部分。為了生產在摺邊折疊及進一步捲製步驟之後在邊緣
1502處保持穩健連續的鈍化層
1504且不曝露內導電層
1503的陰極殼體，在一些實施例中，較佳地以具有大於60 µm的鈍化層
1504厚度的層壓體
1500e開始。第15C圖展示示範性陰極殼體
1500c之邊緣
1502處的顯微鏡影像，其中邊緣
1502處的鈍化層
1504厚度在20 µm至60 µm之間變化且是連續及完整的，而不曝露內導電層
1503。 起始層壓體中的鈍化層為110 µm。
In one exemplary cathode casing, starting with a 200 μm
在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度將為內導電層厚度之兩倍。 在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度將為內導電層厚度之三倍。在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度將為內導電層厚度之四倍。在一些實施例中，鈍化層之厚度將選自內導電層厚度之1.1倍至4倍。在一些實施例中，鈍化層及內導電層由足以允許在將層壓體衝壓或以其他方式形成為殼體或罐之後獲得所列舉厚度的厚度的包層層壓體製造而成。鉭、鈮及錸相對具有延性，然而，單獨的鎢是脆性的且可能導致開裂並使得難以成形。本技術領域中已知鈦在直接包覆至不銹鋼時在包覆層中顫震或產生裂紋。向鎢添加錸改善延性並有助於合金之形成。另外，鈮、釩或銅可用於鈦與不銹鋼之間，以減少與包覆及衝壓相關聯的開裂問題。向鈦添加鈮改善金屬之拉製及成形特性。In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer will be twice the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer will be three times the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer will be four times the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer will be selected from 1.1 times to 4 times the thickness of the inner conductive layer. In some embodiments, the passivation layer and inner conductive layer are fabricated from a cladding laminate of a thickness sufficient to allow the recited thicknesses to be achieved after stamping or otherwise forming the laminate into a shell or can. Tantalum, niobium, and rhenium are relatively ductile, however, tungsten alone is brittle and can cause cracking and make it difficult to form. Titanium is known in the art to chatter or crack in the cladding when clad directly to stainless steel. The addition of rhenium to tungsten improves ductility and aids in alloy formation. Additionally, niobium, vanadium or copper can be used between titanium and stainless steel to reduce cracking problems associated with cladding and stamping. The addition of niobium to titanium improves the drawing and forming properties of the metal.
在一種示範性方法中，使用氣相沉積來將鈍化金屬沉積至內導電層上，其中陽極殼體或陰極殼體或二者包含內導電層及鈍化層。第17圖描繪一種用於裝配陰極殼體
1700之示範性方法的示意圖。在第17圖中，將導電層
1703與鈍化層
1704分開地形成為杯形狀並放置於夾具
1701上，該夾具固定零件並在處理期間遮蔽內導電層之特定區段。然後用鈍化層
1704塗佈內導電層，該鈍化層包含位於內壁上的膜
1704b、位於殼體上的膜
1704a1、位於殼體之外壁上的膜
1704a2及位於殼體之邊緣上的膜
1704c，其中該等膜
1704a1、
1704a2、
1704b及
1704c都電接觸以形成二層陰極殼體
1700。鈍化層
1704可透過諸如化學氣相沉積、物理氣相沉積或電鍍的氣相沉積製程來施加。在一些實施例中，鈍化層僅覆蓋外表面及邊緣。在其他實施例中，鈍化層覆蓋內導電層之所有表面。
In one exemplary method, vapor deposition is used to deposit a passivation metal onto the inner conductive layer, wherein the anode casing or the cathode casing or both comprise the inner conductive layer and the passivation layer. FIG. 17 depicts a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for assembling a
在另一種示範性製造方法中，可藉由包含以下的過程來製成陰極殼體： a)將鈍化金屬形成為具有底部、環形側部、邊緣的鈍化杯，且底部、環形側部及邊緣中之各者具有內表面及外表面； b)將內導電金屬形成為具有底部、環形側部及邊緣的內導電杯，且底部、環形側部及邊緣中之各者具有內表面及外表面； c)將內導電杯放入鈍化杯中，其中該內導電杯之外表面與鈍化杯之內表面電接觸，從而形成陰極殼體。 In another exemplary fabrication method, the cathode casing may be fabricated by a process comprising: a) forming the passivation metal into a passivation cup having a bottom, annular sides, edges, and each of the bottom, annular sides, and edges having an inner surface and an outer surface; b) forming the inner conductive metal into an inner conductive cup having a bottom, annular sides, and edges, and each of the bottom, annular sides, and edges having an inner surface and an outer surface; c) Putting the inner conductive cup into the passivation cup, wherein the outer surface of the inner conductive cup is in electrical contact with the inner surface of the passivation cup, thereby forming the cathode casing.
在一些實施例中，鈍化杯之環形側部延伸超過內導電杯之環形側部；該過程進一步包含將鈍化杯之邊緣折疊於內導電杯之邊緣之上之步驟。In some embodiments, the annular side of the passivation cup extends beyond the annular side of the inner conductive cup; the process further includes the step of folding the edge of the passivation cup over the edge of the inner conductive cup.
在一些實施例中，鈍化杯之邊緣部分地覆蓋內導電杯之邊緣。在一些實施例中，鈍化杯之邊緣覆蓋內導電杯之邊緣。In some embodiments, the edge of the passivation cup partially covers the edge of the inner conductive cup. In some embodiments, the edge of the passivation cup covers the edge of the inner conductive cup.
在一些實施例中，鈍化杯及/或內導電杯之形成包含選自衝壓、線材成形、金屬鑄造或金屬射出成型的製程。In some embodiments, the formation of the passivation cup and/or the inner conductive cup includes a process selected from stamping, wire forming, metal casting, or metal injection molding.
在又另一種示範性方法中，使用氣相沉積來將導電層沉積至鈍化金屬殼體上，其中陽極殼體或陰極殼體或二者包含內導電層及鈍化層。在此實施例中，導電層將沉積於殼體之內表面上。在另外的方法中，將外部塗層沉積至鈍化層之外表面上。In yet another exemplary method, vapor deposition is used to deposit a conductive layer onto a passivating metal casing, wherein the anode casing or the cathode casing or both comprise an inner conductive layer and a passivation layer. In this embodiment, the conductive layer will be deposited on the inner surface of the housing. In another method, an outer coating is deposited onto the outer surface of the passivation layer.
在前述製造方法之一些實施例中，可藉由對導電金屬進行鑄造以形成杯來形成內導電層。在一些實施例中，所鑄造之導電金屬杯可配合於杯狀鈍化層內部。在一個實施例中，可對鋁或鋁合金進行鑄造以形成具有5 µm至300 µm或5 µm至50 µm的均一或可變厚度的杯。鑄造有利地可防止在衝壓或成形製程期間可能發生的起皺。In some embodiments of the foregoing fabrication methods, the inner conductive layer may be formed by casting the conductive metal to form the cup. In some embodiments, the cast conductive metal cup may fit inside the cup-shaped passivation layer. In one embodiment, aluminum or aluminum alloys may be cast to form cups having uniform or variable thicknesses of 5 μm to 300 μm or 5 μm to 50 μm. Casting advantageously prevents wrinkling that may occur during the stamping or forming process.
在前述製造方法之其他實施例中，提供包含底部、環形側部、邊緣、內表面及外表面的內部支撐層。首先，將鈍化層沉積於內部支撐件之內表面、外表面及邊緣表面上。接下來，將導電材料沉積於內表面及任選的邊緣上的鈍化層上，從而形成內導電層。最後，將第二導電材料沉積於外表面及任選的邊緣上的鈍化層上，從而形成第二導電層。In other embodiments of the foregoing fabrication methods, an inner support layer is provided that includes a bottom, annular sides, edges, inner surfaces, and outer surfaces. First, a passivation layer is deposited on the inner, outer and edge surfaces of the inner support. Next, an inner conductive layer is formed by depositing a conductive material on the passivation layer on the inner surface and optional edges. Finally, a second conductive material is deposited on the passivation layer on the outer surface and optional edges, thereby forming a second conductive layer.
在其他實施例中，用僅包含內導電層的陽極殼體及陰極殼體裝配電池。在裝配之後，可用鈍化層塗佈電池之外表面。例如，電池可藉由物理氣相沉積(physical vapor deposition，PVD)或化學氣相沉積(chemical vapo deposition，CVD)塗佈以形成具有1 nm至100 µm或1 nm至10 µm的均一或變化厚度的層。鈍化層可包含Nb、Ta、Ti、Re、W、其合金或其任何組合。墊圈可在沉積製程期間由可移除遮罩保護以防止陽極殼體與陰極殼體之間的短路。In other embodiments, cells are assembled with anode casings and cathode casings that contain only the inner conductive layer. After assembly, the outer surface of the cell can be coated with a passivation layer. For example, cells can be coated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to form uniform or variable thicknesses of 1 nm to 100 µm or 1 nm to 10 µm layer. The passivation layer may comprise Nb, Ta, Ti, Re, W, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof. The gasket can be protected by a removable mask to prevent shorting between the anode casing and the cathode casing during the deposition process.
在一些實施例中，本文所描述之陰極殼體(或陰極罐)與標準不銹鋼陰極殼體可互換地用於製造且由約200 µm厚的層壓體例如包層製成，其中鈍化層(例如110 µm厚的鈮)包覆至內導電層(例如，90 µm厚的不銹鋼430)，且包覆至內導電層的鈍化層減少或防止在90度彎折、180度彎折或零半徑摺邊折疊的伸長期間開裂，因為層壓體被製造成如本文所描述之陰極殼體或陰極罐。 VI . 浸入期間及之後裝置中的示範性電池功能性 In some embodiments, the cathode casings (or cathode cans) described herein are used interchangeably with standard stainless steel cathode casings for fabrication and are fabricated from about 200 μm thick laminates, such as cladding, with a passivation layer ( e.g. 110 µm thick niobium) clad to the inner conductive layer (eg 90 µm thick stainless steel 430) and passivation layer clad to the inner conductive layer to reduce or prevent 90 degree bends, 180 degree bends or zero radius Cracking during elongation of the hem folds as the laminate is fabricated into a cathode casing or cathode can as described herein. VI . Exemplary battery functionality in the device during and after immersion
在另外的實施例中，陰極殼體之鈍化層之表面上的氧化物可保持導電性，同時減少或抑制端子處的電解反應。在短持續時間浸入導電水性介質中之後電池之乾內阻之增加可如本文所描述地增加。電池之內阻之測量在本技術領域中是已知的，且在章節VII測試程序中描述一實例。In other embodiments, oxides on the surface of the passivation layer of the cathode casing can maintain conductivity while reducing or inhibiting electrolytic reactions at the terminals. The increase in dry internal resistance of the cell after short-duration immersion in the conductive aqueous medium can be increased as described herein. Measurement of the internal resistance of a battery is known in the art, and an example is described in Section VII Test Procedures.
在此等條件下的此持續操作可用於需要流體冷卻系統的變壓器、電腦及高性能電池。典型的流體冷卻系統使用介電流體諸如丙二醇，因此流體將不與端子進行反應。在電池端子及曝露接觸係由鈍化金屬製成之情況下，若導電水性介質與鈍化金屬直接接觸，則電池及裝置應仍然可操作。This continuous operation under these conditions can be used for transformers, computers and high performance batteries that require fluid cooling systems. Typical fluid cooling systems use a dielectric fluid such as propylene glycol, so the fluid will not react with the terminals. Where the cell terminals and exposed contacts are made of passivating metal, the cell and device should still be operable if the conductive aqueous medium is in direct contact with the passivating metal.
在另外的實施例中，所揭示之電池亦可保持在曝露於導電水性介質期間發揮電氣功能。在其他實施例中，所揭示之電池在自導電水性介質取出並乾燥之後可恢復功能性。 VII . 測試程序 In further embodiments, the disclosed cells may also remain electrically functional during exposure to conductive aqueous media. In other embodiments, the disclosed cells can regain functionality after removal from the conductive aqueous medium and drying. VII . Test Procedures
可使用四探針毫歐表(Extech型號#380580)測量陰極殼體之電阻以進行質量控制。如第18A圖、第18B圖及第18C圖所描繪，將包含內導電層
1803及鈍化層
1804的示範性陰極殼體
1802放置於兩組徑向探針
1840與
1841之間。4探針徑向夾具之一個實例係Gamry通用電池座架(第18A圖)。自內導電層
1803內部至鈍化層
1804測量電阻，如第18C圖中所描述。
The resistance of the cathode casing can be measured for quality control using a four probe milliohmmeter (Extech model #380580). An
電池之內阻之測量在本技術領域中是已知的。一種用於測量內阻之方法係使用Gamry恆電位器在1 kHz下測量AC阻抗。Measurement of the internal resistance of batteries is known in the art. One method for measuring internal resistance is to measure AC impedance at 1 kHz using a Gamry potentiostat.
浸入導電水性介質中的電池之操作條件可藉由以下方式來模擬：向陰極殼體施加大於1.2V的電位差，將鈍化層浸入導電水性介質中，及防止內導電層與導電水性介質進行物理接觸。利用施加電位差的外部電源，有可能在不同的模擬條件下測量電流及所施加之電壓。The operating conditions of a cell immersed in a conductive aqueous medium can be simulated by applying a potential difference greater than 1.2 V to the cathode casing, immersing the passivation layer in the conductive aqueous medium, and preventing the inner conductive layer from making physical contact with the conductive aqueous medium . With an external power supply applying a potential difference, it is possible to measure the current and the applied voltage under different simulation conditions.
在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時在陽極與陰極之間形成導電通路。In other embodiments, a conductive path is formed between the anode and the cathode when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact the conductive aqueous medium.
在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時透過導電水性介質在陽極與陰極之間形成導電通路，該導電通路在與導電水性介質持續接觸時被減少或抑制。In other embodiments, when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing are in contact with the conductive aqueous medium, a conductive path is formed between the anode and the cathode through the conductive aqueous medium, the conductive path being blocked by the continuous contact with the conductive aqueous medium reduce or inhibit.
在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時，陽極鈍化層及/或陰極鈍化層氧化。在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時，鈍化層中的鈍化金屬氧化。在一些實施例中，在與水性導電介質初始接觸的2小時、或1小時或30分鐘或15分鐘內發生鈍化金屬或鈍化層之氧化。In other embodiments, the anode passivation layer and/or the cathode passivation layer oxidizes when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact the conductive aqueous medium. In other embodiments, the passivating metal in the passivation layer oxidizes when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, oxidation of the passivation metal or passivation layer occurs within 2 hours, or 1 hour, or 30 minutes, or 15 minutes of initial contact with the aqueous conductive medium.
在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時發生電解反應，該電解反應在與導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時內被抑制或消除。In other embodiments, the electrolytic reaction occurs when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact the conductive aqueous medium, which is inhibited or eliminated within less than 2 hours after initial contact with the conductive aqueous medium.
在另外的實施例中，與導電水性介質的接觸包含電池放置於水合組織上使得水合組織接觸陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之至少一部分二者以形成導電通路。在其他實施例中，水合組織係水合豬食道組織。在實施例中，與導電水性介質的接觸包含浸入0.85%生理鹽水或25% Ringer氏溶液中。25% Ringer氏溶液含有在水中的36.75 mM氯化鈉、1.00 mM氯化鉀及0.75 mM氯化鈣。In further embodiments, the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium includes placing the cell on the hydrated tissue such that the hydrated tissue contacts both at least a portion of the anode casing and at least a portion of the cathode casing to form a conductive pathway. In other embodiments, the hydrated tissue is hydrated porcine esophageal tissue. In an embodiment, the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises immersion in 0.85% saline or 25% Ringer's solution. 25% Ringer's solution contains 36.75 mM sodium chloride, 1.00 mM potassium chloride and 0.75 mM calcium chloride in water.
在其他實施例中，在浸入0.85%生理鹽水或25% Ringer氏溶液中持續120分鐘、或60分鐘、或20分鐘或10分鐘之後，導電水性介質之pH小於9、或小於8或小於7。在其他實施例中，導電水性介質具有5至7.5的起始pH，且在電池浸入生理鹽水中之後，在60分鐘時間週期內以5分鐘間隔採樣的導電水性介質之平均pH不超過10、9.5、9、8.5或8的平均pH。In other embodiments, the pH of the conductive aqueous medium is less than 9, or less than 8, or less than 7 after immersion in 0.85% saline or 25% Ringer's solution for 120 minutes, or 60 minutes, or 20 minutes or 10 minutes. In other embodiments, the conductive aqueous medium has an initial pH of 5 to 7.5, and the average pH of the conductive aqueous medium sampled at 5-minute intervals over a 60-minute time period does not exceed 10, 9.5 after the cell is immersed in saline , 9, 8.5 or 8 average pH.
在其他實施例中，可執行測試以模擬陰極殼體之適合性。 例如，利用中心及墊圈中具有5 mm孔的空的陽極杯來捲製陰極殼體。然後，可將此樣品陰極殼體浸入成僅覆蓋陰極殼體之底部、環形外部及邊緣，該陰極殼體通過墊圈橋接至陽極殼體，且護孔環密封陽極中的孔。將陽極殼體及陰極殼體連接至源監測器單元以提供所要電位並測量電路中產生的電流。使用此樣品陰極殼體允許測量所模擬單元中的陰極殼體之電流輸出。In other embodiments, tests may be performed to simulate the suitability of the cathode casing. For example, the cathode casing is rolled with an empty anode cup with a 5 mm hole in the center and gasket. This sample cathode casing can then be dipped to cover only the bottom, annular exterior, and edges of the cathode casing, which is bridged to the anode casing by gaskets, and the grommet seals the holes in the anode. The anode casing and cathode casing are connected to a source monitor unit to provide the desired potential and measure the current produced in the circuit. Using this sample cathode casing allowed the current output of the cathode casing in the modeled cell to be measured.
在一些實施例中，樣品電池殼體包含如本文所描述之陰極殼體及陽極殼體，其中至少陰極殼體包含鈍化層及內導電層。In some embodiments, the sample cell casing includes a cathode casing and an anode casing as described herein, wherein at least the cathode casing includes a passivation layer and an inner conductive layer.
在一些實施例中，將樣品電池殼體浸入導電水性介質中並向陰極殼體施加大於1.2V的電位差。將樣品電池殼體浸入成使得鈍化層接觸導電水性介質，但內導電層不接觸導電水性介質。使用外部電源施加電位差，可在不同條件下測量跨陰極殼體的電流及所施加電壓。In some embodiments, the sample cell casing is immersed in a conductive aqueous medium and a potential difference greater than 1.2V is applied to the cathode casing. The sample cell case was dipped so that the passivation layer was in contact with the conductive aqueous medium, but the inner conductive layer was not in contact with the conductive aqueous medium. Using an external power source to apply a potential difference, the current across the cathode casing and the applied voltage can be measured under different conditions.
在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時在樣品電池殼體之陽極殼體與陰極殼體之間形成導電通路。In other embodiments, a conductive pathway is formed between the anode casing and the cathode casing of the sample cell casing when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact the conductive aqueous medium.
在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時透過導電水性介質在樣品電池殼體之陽極殼體與陰極殼體之間形成導電通路，該導電通路在與導電水性介質持續接觸時被減少或抑制。In other embodiments, a conductive path is formed between the anode case and the cathode case of the sample cell case through the conductive aqueous medium when at least a portion of the anode case and a portion of the cathode case contact the conductive aqueous medium, the conductive path Reduced or inhibited during continuous contact with conductive aqueous media.
在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時，鈍化層中的鈍化金屬氧化。在其他實施例中，當陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時，鈍化層氧化。在一些實施例中，在與水性導電介質初始接觸的2小時、或1小時或30分鐘或15分鐘內發生鈍化金屬或鈍化層之氧化。In other embodiments, the passivating metal in the passivation layer oxidizes when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact the conductive aqueous medium. In other embodiments, the passivation layer oxidizes when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing contact the conductive aqueous medium. In some embodiments, oxidation of the passivation metal or passivation layer occurs within 2 hours, or 1 hour, or 30 minutes, or 15 minutes of initial contact with the aqueous conductive medium.
在其他實施例中，當樣品電池殼體之陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之一部分接觸導電水性介質時發生電解反應，其中該電解反應在與導電水性介質初始接觸後小於2小時內被抑制或消除。In other embodiments, the electrolytic reaction occurs when at least a portion of the anode casing and a portion of the cathode casing of the sample cell casing contact the conductive aqueous medium, wherein the electrolytic reaction is reduced within less than 2 hours after initial contact with the conductive aqueous medium suppress or eliminate.
在另外的實施例中，與導電水性介質的接觸包含樣品電池殼體放置於水合組織上使得水合組織接觸陽極殼體之至少一部分及陰極殼體之至少一部分二者以形成導電通路。在其他實施例中，水合組織係水合豬食道組織。在實施例中，與導電水性介質的接觸包含浸入0.85%生理鹽水或25% Ringer氏溶液中。25% Ringer氏溶液含有在水中的36.75 mM氯化鈉、1.00 mM氯化鉀及0.75 mM氯化鈣。In further embodiments, the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises placing the sample cell casing on the hydrated tissue such that the hydrated tissue contacts both at least a portion of the anode casing and at least a portion of the cathode casing to form a conductive pathway. In other embodiments, the hydrated tissue is hydrated porcine esophageal tissue. In an embodiment, the contacting with the conductive aqueous medium comprises immersion in 0.85% saline or 25% Ringer's solution. 25% Ringer's solution contains 36.75 mM sodium chloride, 1.00 mM potassium chloride and 0.75 mM calcium chloride in water.
在其他實施例中，在浸入0.85%生理鹽水或25% Ringer氏溶液中持續120分鐘、或60分鐘、或20分鐘或10分鐘之後，導電水性介質之pH小於9、或小於8或小於7。在其他實施例中，導電水性介質具有5至7.5的起始pH，且在電池浸入生理鹽水中之後，在60分鐘時間週期內以5分鐘間隔採樣的導電水性介質之平均pH不超過10、9.5、9、8.5或8的平均pH。 實例 實例 1. A. 對照金屬及示範性電池殼體材料之比較測試 In other embodiments, the pH of the conductive aqueous medium is less than 9, or less than 8, or less than 7 after immersion in 0.85% saline or 25% Ringer's solution for 120 minutes, or 60 minutes, or 20 minutes or 10 minutes. In other embodiments, the conductive aqueous medium has an initial pH of 5 to 7.5, and the average pH of the conductive aqueous medium sampled at 5-minute intervals over a 60-minute time period does not exceed 10, 9.5 after the cell is immersed in saline , 9, 8.5 or 8 average pH. EXAMPLES Example 1. A. Comparative Testing of Control Metals and Exemplary Battery Case Materials
將對照金屬及示範性電池材料曝露於導電水性介質及水合火腿之結果報告如下。此等測試模擬電池在生物條件下(例如，在被吞下並與活組織反應後)的活性。 i ) 在處於電位時將示範性陰極殼體鈍化層材料浸入 25% Ringer 氏溶液及模擬胃液溶液中 The results of exposing control metals and exemplary battery materials to conductive aqueous media and hydrated ham are reported below. These tests simulate the activity of batteries under biological conditions (eg, after being swallowed and reacted with living tissue). i ) Immerse the exemplary cathode casing passivation layer material in 25% Ringer 's solution and simulated gastric juice solution while at potential
在此實驗中，使作為正電極的用於陰極殼體之鈍化層的不同候選金屬箔經受分別為標稱1.5V及3V電池電壓的1.5V及3.3V電勢並浸入25% Ringer氏溶液及模擬胃液中。在此實驗設置中，隨時間推移測量電流，該電流與水之電解速率相關。隨著電流降低，反應速率降低以在給定時間週期內產生更少的氫氧根離子。因此，較低的電流錶明對生物組織造成損害的可能性較低。In this experiment, different candidate metal foils for the passivation layer of the cathode casing as the positive electrode were subjected to 1.5V and 3.3V potentials at nominal 1.5V and 3V cell voltages respectively and immersed in 25% Ringer's solution and simulated in gastric juice. In this experimental setup, the current is measured over time, which is related to the rate of electrolysis of water. As the current decreases, the reaction rate decreases to produce fewer hydroxide ions in a given time period. Therefore, lower currents indicate a lower likelihood of damage to biological tissue.
第19圖係浸入25% Ringer氏溶液之後每種金屬的電流對時間之曲線圖。Ringer氏溶液含有147 mM氯化鈉、4 mM氯化鉀及3 mM氯化鈣、初始pH 5.5至6，並模擬口或食道中所呈現的環境類型。在正極上測試的金屬係鉭(Ta)、鉿(Hf)、鎢(W)、鉬(Mo)、鈮(Nb)、釩(V)、鋯(Zr)、鉻(Cr)、石墨(C)、鈦(Ti)及不銹鋼304 (SS304)。Mo僅在1.5V下測試，而所有其他樣品在1.5V及3.3V下測試。將金屬切割成約5 mm寬及10 mm長的矩形墊片，但鉻除外，鉻作為鑄錠上的相似大小的碎片進行測試。在所有情況下，除了鉭及鉻外，金屬厚度為約0.25 mm。鉭墊片為約0.127 mm厚。用於負電極之金屬為0.25 mm厚×5 mm寬×10 mm長的不銹鋼304 (SS304)墊片，且在用於負電極之所有試驗中使用相同的SS304。跨兩個金屬墊片施加DC電壓，其中負電極模擬電池之陽極殼體且正電極模擬電池之陰極殼體。當浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中時，兩個電極間隔開約10 mm。實驗運行約5分鐘至10分鐘的持續時間。另外，在試驗開始及結束時靠近指定電極測量pH，如表1所展示。Figure 19 is a graph of current versus time for each metal after immersion in 25% Ringer's solution. Ringer's solution contains 147 mM sodium chloride, 4 mM potassium chloride, and 3 mM calcium chloride, an initial pH of 5.5 to 6, and simulates the type of environment present in the mouth or esophagus. Metal series Tantalum (Ta), Hafnium (Hf), Tungsten (W), Molybdenum (Mo), Niobium (Nb), Vanadium (V), Zirconium (Zr), Chromium (Cr), Graphite (C) tested on the positive electrode ), Titanium (Ti) and Stainless Steel 304 (SS304). Mo was tested at 1.5V only, while all other samples were tested at 1.5V and 3.3V. Metal was cut into rectangular spacers approximately 5 mm wide and 10 mm long, except for chrome, which was tested as similarly sized fragments on ingots. In all cases, except for tantalum and chromium, the metal thickness was about 0.25 mm. The tantalum spacer is about 0.127 mm thick. The metal used for the negative electrode was a stainless steel 304 (SS304) gasket 0.25 mm thick x 5 mm wide x 10 mm long, and the same SS304 was used in all experiments for the negative electrode. A DC voltage was applied across the two metal spacers, with the negative electrode simulating the anode casing of the cell and the positive electrode simulating the cathode casing of the cell. When immersed in 25% Ringer's solution, the two electrodes were separated by approximately 10 mm. Experiments are run for a duration of approximately 5 minutes to 10 minutes. Additionally, pH was measured near the designated electrodes at the beginning and end of the experiment, as shown in Table 1.
表1.在不同電壓及持續時間下所測試金屬之正電極附近的溶液pH。
如第19圖所展示，改變正電極上的金屬顯示流過系統的電流量之差異。在所有所測試金屬中，鉭(Ta)墊片在1.5V (黑色虛線)及3.3V兩種電位(黑色實線)下具有最低電流。與不銹鋼304 (SS304)相比，鉿(Hf)、鎢(W)、鈦(Ti)及鈮(Nb)在1.5V及3.3V下亦顯示出顯著降低的電流。釩(V)、鋯(Zr)及鉻(Cr)在3.3V電位下保持大約5 mA至10 mA的電流，與對照不銹鋼墊片相比，這並沒有電流之顯著降低。事實上，Zr墊片及V墊片在3.3V下保持比SS304高的電流。石墨(C)在1.5V及3.3V下保持與Cr及SS304相似的電流，約5 mA電流。鉬(Mo)在1.5V下保持低於1 mA的電流(1.5V下的兩個試驗所顯示)。在1.5V下，Mo表現得與V及SS430相似，在實驗中在1.5V所施加電壓下具有一些最高電流。As shown in Figure 19, changing the metal on the positive electrode shows a difference in the amount of current flowing through the system. Of all the metals tested, the tantalum (Ta) pad had the lowest current at both 1.5V (dashed black line) and 3.3V potentials (solid black line). Hafnium (Hf), tungsten (W), titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) also showed significantly lower currents at 1.5V and 3.3V compared to stainless steel 304 (SS304). Vanadium (V), Zirconium (Zr) and Chromium (Cr) maintained a current of approximately 5 mA to 10 mA at 3.3V potential, which did not show a significant reduction in current compared to the control stainless steel gasket. In fact, the Zr pads and V pads hold higher currents than the SS304 at 3.3V. Graphite (C) maintained a similar current to Cr and SS304 at 1.5V and 3.3V, about 5 mA. Molybdenum (Mo) maintains a current of less than 1 mA at 1.5V (as shown by two experiments at 1.5V). At 1.5V, Mo behaves similarly to V and SS430, with some of the highest currents in the experiments at an applied voltage of 1.5V.
在電流大於1 mA之情況下，負極端子附近的溶液pH自6增加至最小值8或更大，這表明產生與電流輸出一致的更高濃度的氫氧根離子。對於顯示出更高電流的樣品，負極端子處作為鼓泡觀察到的產生氫氣之嚴重度亦明顯更大。At currents greater than 1 mA, the pH of the solution near the negative terminal increased from 6 to a minimum of 8 or greater, indicating the production of higher concentrations of hydroxide ions consistent with the current output. The severity of hydrogen production observed as bubbling at the negative terminal was also significantly greater for the samples showing higher currents.
用模擬胃液(simulated gastric fluid，SGF)及用於正電極的一系列經修飾之金屬重複上述實驗，該等經修飾之金屬包括金(Au)、Ti、Ta、Hf、W、Mo、Nb、V、Zr及C。對於所有試驗，負電極亦為SS304。將每種電極金屬作為正電極在1.5V下及同樣在3.3V下運行多達5分鐘。電流對時間資料已繪製出且在第20圖中展示出。SGF溶液包含2.0 g/L氯化鈉及約2.917 g/L HCl，具有約1.1至1.3的pH。此實驗經設計以模擬電池在胃中的反應。對於所有試驗，在試驗開始及結束時測量的pH保持低於3。The above experiments were repeated with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and a series of modified metals for the positive electrode including gold (Au), Ti, Ta, Hf, W, Mo, Nb, gastric V, Zr and C. For all experiments, the negative electrode was also SS304. Each electrode metal was run as positive electrode at 1.5V and also at 3.3V for up to 5 minutes. The current versus time profile has been plotted and shown in Figure 20. The SGF solution contained 2.0 g/L sodium chloride and about 2.917 g/L HCl, with a pH of about 1.1 to 1.3. This experiment was designed to simulate the reaction of the battery in the stomach. The pH measured at the beginning and end of the experiment was kept below 3 for all experiments.
與浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中時的電流相比，在此等酸性條件下，SS304、Hf、Mo及V之電流增加(比較第20圖及第19圖)。在3.3V下，在此等酸性條件下，電流達到電源最大允許電流，即SS304、Hf、Mo、Au及V試驗電源的30 mA，這表明電解反應速度十分迅速。甚至在1.5V的較低電位下，Au、Hf、Mo、V及Zr墊片在此等酸性條件下亦具有高於1 mA的保持電流。Under these acidic conditions, the currents of SS304, Hf, Mo and V increased compared to the currents when immersed in 25% Ringer's solution (compare Figures 20 and 19). At 3.3V, under these acidic conditions, the current reaches the maximum allowable current of the power supply, which is 30 mA for the SS304, Hf, Mo, Au and V test power supplies, which indicates that the electrolytic reaction is very fast. Even at the lower potential of 1.5V, Au, Hf, Mo, V, and Zr pads have holding currents above 1 mA under these acidic conditions.
用Ti、Ta、W及Nb進行的試驗保持在3.3V下的400秒內下降至低於0.1 mA的較低電流。Ta在1.5V及3.3V下顯示出最顯著的電流降低，而Nb在3.3V下表現相似。Experiments with Ti, Ta, W and Nb were held at 3.3V for 400 seconds down to lower currents below 0.1 mA. Ta showed the most significant current reduction at 1.5V and 3.3V, while Nb performed similarly at 3.3V.
總體而言，此實驗表明，Ta及Nb金屬十分適合作為鈍化層來減少或抑制電池之正極端子上的氧化半反應。Ti及W亦可適合減少氧化半反應。Overall, this experiment shows that Ta and Nb metals are well suited as passivation layers to reduce or suppress oxidation half-reactions on the positive terminal of the cell. Ti and W may also be suitable for reducing oxidation half-reactions.
第30圖中的圖展示在鎳(Ni)、金(Au)、鈮(Nb)及不銹鋼430 (SS430)作為陰極且不銹鋼430作為陽極、浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中之情況下在1.5V、3V及3.3V所施加電壓下電路中的電流輸出之變化。命名為3000 ohm及6600 ohm的線分別表示在3.3V及1.5V下的電阻。 認為在此等條件下產生的電流(0.5 mA)對於GI組織是可容忍的，因為在該電流下，羥基產生及因此對組織的損害被判定為最小。The graph in Figure 30 shows nickel (Ni), gold (Au), niobium (Nb), and stainless steel 430 (SS430) as the cathode and stainless steel 430 as the anode, immersed in 25% Ringer's solution at 1.5V, Variation of current output in circuit at 3V and 3.3V applied voltage. The lines named 3000 ohm and 6600 ohm represent resistance at 3.3V and 1.5V, respectively. The current generated under these conditions (0.5 mA) was considered to be tolerable for GI tissue, as at this current hydroxyl production and thus tissue damage was judged to be minimal.
在測量電位差的同時測量對應的輸出電解電流。每種金屬都由一定耐氧化性開始，該耐氧化性判定為在1.5V、3V及3.3V下電位差對測得電流之比率(V=IR)。隨時間推移，鎳及不銹鋼430二者之電阻因其持續氧化而下降。此等兩種金屬產生持續的或未減弱的電解反應，該電解反應允許電流持續流動並致使陽極處的氫氧根離子濃度(pH)增加。對於金，在1.5V下看到一些耐氧化性；然而，在3V所施加電壓下沒有看到耐氧化性。 此金屬亦將產生持續的或未減弱的電解反應，該電解反應允許電流持續流動，這最終將導致pH的不安全增加。 相比之下，鈮在1.5V及3V下都顯示出耐氧化性之增加。 電阻隨時間推移的持續增加與在表面生長的氧化物層一致。 氧化物層最終產生足以減緩陽極處的氫氧根離子形成速率的耐氧化性。 此實例表明，與在接觸GI組織(或導電水性介質)的表面中或其上具有金、鎳或不銹鋼的電池相比，在彼等表面中或其上包含鈮的電池不太可能創建將危害彼等GI組織的條件。 當電池表面之部分具有曝露出下層不銹鋼(或其他不形成電解抑制氧化物層的導電金屬)從而允許接觸GI組織(或導電水性環境)的裂縫或磨損區域，將發生類似的持續及破壞性的電解反應。 ii) 在 25% Ringer 氏溶液中刮擦鉭陰極殼體 The corresponding output electrolysis current is measured at the same time as the potential difference. Each metal starts with a certain oxidation resistance, which is determined as the ratio of the potential difference to the measured current (V=IR) at 1.5V, 3V and 3.3V. Over time, the electrical resistance of both nickel and stainless steel 430 decreases due to continued oxidation. These two metals produce a continuous or undiminished electrolytic reaction that allows the current to continue to flow and causes the hydroxide ion concentration (pH) at the anode to increase. For gold, some oxidation resistance was seen at 1.5V; however, no oxidation resistance was seen at an applied voltage of 3V. This metal will also produce a continuous or undiminished electrolytic reaction that allows the current to flow continuously, which will eventually lead to an unsafe increase in pH. In contrast, niobium showed an increase in oxidation resistance at both 1.5V and 3V. The continued increase in resistance over time is consistent with an oxide layer growing on the surface. The oxide layer ultimately produces oxidation resistance sufficient to slow the rate of hydroxide ion formation at the anode. This example shows that batteries containing niobium in or on surfaces that contact GI tissue (or conductive aqueous media) are less likely to create a hazard than batteries having gold, nickel, or stainless steel in or on those surfaces. conditions of their GI organizations. Similar persistent and destructive damage will occur when portions of the cell surface have cracks or worn areas that expose the underlying stainless steel (or other conductive metal that does not form an electrolytically inhibiting oxide layer) allowing access to the GI tissue (or conductive aqueous environment) electrolytic reaction. ii) Scratch the tantalum cathode casing in 25% Ringer 's solution
由鉭陰極殼體與不銹鋼430 (SS430)陽極殼體捲製成空的電池外殼。然後使用壓靠陽極殼體之頂部的一個鉭條及壓靠陰極殼體之底部的另一個鉭條將外殼連接在電路中。然後跨該等鉭條施加3.3V DC電壓，從而形成類似電容器的電路。結果展示於第21圖中。Empty cell casings are rolled from tantalum cathode casings and stainless steel 430 (SS430) anode casings. The casing is then connected in the circuit using one tantalum strip pressed against the top of the anode casing and another tantalum strip pressed against the bottom of the cathode casing. A voltage of 3.3V DC is then applied across the tantalum strips, forming a capacitor-like circuit. The results are shown in Figure 21.
對於每次測量，將空的電池外殼垂直安裝於夾子中，該夾子將電池側向固定，使得陰極底部面向左且陽極頂部面向右。將空的電池外殼下放至25% Ringer氏溶液中，使得約25%被浸入，大致覆蓋空的電池殼體之下部3 mm至5 mm部分。For each measurement, an empty cell casing was mounted vertically in a clip that held the cell sideways so that the bottom of the cathode was facing left and the top of the anode was facing right. The empty battery case was lowered into the 25% Ringer's solution so that about 25% was immersed, roughly covering the lower 3 mm to 5 mm portion of the empty battery case.
如前所述地利用10 kOhm電阻器且在浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中之情況下測量所產生之電路電流。樣品在Ringer氏溶液中在3.3V下預氧化，且電流中之尖峰不多於0.5 mA並在30秒內十分迅速地回落至0.4 mA基線電流。對同一空的電池外殼進行乾燥，然後用鋼絲絨刮擦，並重複實驗。這導致約1.2 mA的電流中出現明顯更大的尖峰，該尖峰然後在30秒內回落至基線並聯負載電流。此結果表明，當新的鉭層曝露時或在該情況下，氫氧根離子產生量在約30秒內顯著減少，且因此溶液pH之變化被最小化。 iii) 在一定電位及工作負載下浸入空的捲製示範性電池 The resulting circuit current was measured as previously described using a 10 kOhm resistor and immersed in 25% Ringer's solution. The sample was pre-oxidized in Ringer's solution at 3.3 V with no more than 0.5 mA spike in current and a very rapid fall back to 0.4 mA baseline current within 30 seconds. Dry the same empty battery case, then scrape it with steel wool, and repeat the experiment. This results in a significantly larger spike in the current of about 1.2 mA, which then falls back to the baseline parallel load current within 30 seconds. This result shows that when a new layer of tantalum is exposed, or in this case, the production of hydroxide ions is significantly reduced in about 30 seconds, and thus the change in solution pH is minimized. iii) Immersion of an empty rolled exemplary cell at a certain potential and working load
第22圖及第23圖展示在藉由部分浸入溶液中在陰極殼體與陽極殼體之間形成導電路徑及不形成導電路徑之情況下製成並曝露於1 kOhm、3.9 kOhm、10 kOhm、15 kOhm的不同並聯負載電路的對照電池及處理電池之性能。Figures 22 and 23 show fabrication and exposure to 1 kOhm, 3.9 kOhm, 10 kOhm, 1 kOhm, 3.9 kOhm, 10 kOhm, Performance of control and treated cells with different parallel load circuits of 15 kOhm.
第22圖展示以下實驗之結果。由不銹鋼304 (SS304)、鈦及鉭陰極殼體與不銹鋼430 (SS430)陽極殼體捲製成空的電池殼體。然後使用鉭引線將該等電池殼體連接至電路，以將陽極殼體及陰極殼體連接至提供3.3V DC的外部電源。測量所產生之電路電流。在捲製之前，使用4點探針毫歐(milli-Ohm，mOhm)表對金屬殼體測量自殼體之內底部表面至外底部表面的整體電阻。電阻為低於1 mOhm。在對照試驗中，對不具有並聯電阻器的電路測量電流，且基線電流極低，範圍為10 -3mA至10 -4mA。隨著並聯電阻器之添加且電阻按順序自15 kOhm降低至10 kOhm、至3.9 kOhm、再至1 kOhm，電流相對應地改變。每個電阻的值在所有三個電路上是一致的。 Figure 22 shows the results of the following experiment. Empty cell casings are rolled from stainless steel 304 (SS304), titanium and tantalum cathode casings and stainless steel 430 (SS430) anode casings. The cell casings were then connected to an electrical circuit using tantalum leads to connect the anode and cathode casings to an external power supply providing 3.3V DC. Measure the resulting circuit current. The overall resistance from the inner bottom surface to the outer bottom surface of the case was measured on the metal case using a 4-point probe milli-Ohm (mOhm) meter prior to rolling. Resistance is less than 1 mOhm. In controlled experiments, currents were measured for circuits without parallel resistors, and baseline currents were extremely low, ranging from 10-3 mA to 10-4 mA. As parallel resistors were added and the resistance decreased sequentially from 15 kOhm to 10 kOhm, to 3.9 kOhm, to 1 kOhm, the current changed correspondingly. The value of each resistor is consistent across all three circuits.
以相同的電路設置在添加部分浸入25% Ringer氏溶液之情況下繼續實驗。對於每次測量，將空的電池外殼部分浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中，大致覆蓋陽極及陰極殼體之3 mm部分，從而本質上透過Ringer氏溶液形成電阻負載。藉由不具有並聯電阻器的測試測量所產生之電路電流，且如之前那樣按順序將並聯電阻自15 kOhm降低至10 kOhm、至3.9 kOhm、再至1 kOhm。在浸入之前，在基線下對所有樣品測量電流。在不銹鋼陰極殼體條件部分浸入之後，所測量電流跳躍至接近3.5 mA並在測試持續時間內保持在此近似水準。對於鈦陰極殼體條件，電流達到3.3 mA的尖峰並在6分鐘內下降至近似1 mA。然而，對於鉭陰極殼體，電流在大約相同時間內落至低於0.5 mA。外部電壓在電阻變化之間斷開。隨著每個添加負載自15 kOhm開始，此種模式會重複其自身，本質上不銹鋼304殼體之電流被並聯負載電流移位，然後在部分浸入時跳躍並保持高位。對於鈦，在約2分鐘至4分鐘後出現尖峰，之後下降至基線並聯負載電流。然而，對於鉭，尖峰在約10秒至30秒之後更加快速地下降。這可能是由於氧化物之形成所致。實驗後曝露於Ringer氏溶液的鈦及鉭殼體上有可見的顏色變化。然而，在實驗之前及之後利用2探針電阻測量進行測試時，經曝露之Ti及Ta金屬之電阻看起來沒有顯著改變。
iv) 鉭墊片曝露於使用外部電源的水合火腿 The experiment was continued with the addition section immersed in 25% Ringer's solution with the same circuit setup. For each measurement, an empty cell casing section was immersed in 25% Ringer's solution, covering approximately 3 mm of the anode and cathode casings, essentially creating a resistive load through Ringer's solution. The resulting circuit current was measured by the test without the shunt resistor, and the shunt resistance was sequentially reduced from 15 kOhm to 10 kOhm, to 3.9 kOhm, to 1 kOhm as before. Currents were measured on all samples at baseline prior to immersion. After the stainless steel cathode casing condition was partially immersed, the measured current jumped to nearly 3.5 mA and remained at this approximate level for the duration of the test. For the titanium cathode casing condition, the current peaked at 3.3 mA and dropped to approximately 1 mA within 6 minutes. However, for the tantalum cathode case, the current drops below 0.5 mA in about the same time. The external voltage is disconnected between resistance changes. This pattern repeats itself with each added load starting at 15 kOhm, essentially the current in the
在此實驗中，使用鉭金屬墊片來模擬陽極殼體或陰極殼體之鈍化層。對電極為SS430。如第24A圖及第24B圖所展示，電極以約1 mm的間隙彼此並聯放置。當Ta箔係正電極時，但使用外部電源使其施經受3.3V (試驗2401-3.3V)及10V (試驗2407-10V)且測量電流。當Ta箔係負電極時，使其經受3.3V (試驗2402-3.3V)。最初將火腿樣品切成約2 cm×4 cm的矩形，並在測試前在淺培養皿中用20 mL的25% Ringer氏溶液水合30分鐘。將火腿切片跨兩個電極放置。在範圍為30分鐘至120分鐘的實驗持續時間之後，測量正電極及負電極下火腿表面之pH。結果展示於表2中。In this experiment, tantalum metal spacers were used to simulate the passivation layer of the anode casing or cathode casing. The counter electrode is SS430. As shown in Figures 24A and 24B, the electrodes were placed in parallel with each other with a gap of about 1 mm. When the Ta foil was the positive electrode, it was applied to 3.3V (Test 2401-3.3V) and 10V (Test 2407-10V) using an external power supply and the current was measured. When the Ta foil was the negative electrode, it was subjected to 3.3V (Test 2402-3.3V). Ham samples were initially cut into rectangles of approximately 2 cm x 4 cm and hydrated with 20 mL of 25% Ringer's solution in shallow petri dishes for 30 minutes prior to testing. Place the ham slices across the two electrodes. After experimental durations ranging from 30 minutes to 120 minutes, the pH of the ham surface under the positive and negative electrodes was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
表2
當Ta墊片係模擬陰極殼體之鈍化層的正電極時，在3.3V下120分鐘內(試驗2401-3.3V) (第24A圖)或在10V下60分鐘內(試驗2407-10V)沒有顯示出任何火腿損害跡象。表2所展示的pH資料及第24C圖所展示的低電流錶明，作為正電極的Ta墊片降低或抑制水電解之反應速率。When the Ta gasket is the positive electrode simulating the passivation layer of the cathode casing, there is no effect within 120 minutes at 3.3V (Test 2401-3.3V) (Fig. 24A) or within 60 minutes at 10V (Test 2407-10V) Show any signs of ham damage. The pH data shown in Table 2 and the low current shown in Figure 24C suggest that the Ta spacer as the positive electrode reduces or inhibits the reaction rate of water electrolysis.
當Ta墊片係模擬陽極殼體之鈍化層的負電極時，在3.3V下30分鐘內(試驗2402-3.3V) (第24B圖)顯示出火腿損害跡象。表1所展示的pH資料及第24C圖所展示的較高電流正時，僅作為負電極的Ta墊片不如作為正電極的Ta墊片那樣降低水電解之反應速率。 v) 鉭、鈦、金及 SS430 墊片曝露於使用 CR2032 商品電池作為電源的火腿 When the Ta gasket was the negative electrode simulating the passivation layer of the anode casing, it showed signs of ham damage within 30 minutes at 3.3V (Test 2402-3.3V) (Fig. 24B). The pH data shown in Table 1 and the higher current timings shown in Figure 24C, the Ta pad as the negative electrode alone does not reduce the reaction rate of water electrolysis as much as the Ta pad as the positive electrode. v) Exposure of tantalum, titanium, gold and SS430 gaskets to ham powered by commercial CR2032 batteries
在此實驗中，使用鉭、鈦、金及SS430金屬墊片作為正電極以模擬陰極殼體之鈍化層。負電極為SS430。每個正電極以約1 mm的間隙與SS430墊片並聯放置以形成四對墊片。將墊片對置於使用商品3.3V CR2032 Li金屬紐扣單元電池的電位下，且使用Graphtec 10通道資料記錄器監測電壓(第25圖)。最初將火腿樣品切成約2 cm×4 cm的矩形，並在測試前在淺培養皿中用20 mL的25% Ringer氏溶液水合至少30分鐘。火腿之起始pH為約5。將火腿切片跨每個電極對放置。在分別為70分鐘及180分鐘的實驗持續時間期間及之後，測量正電極及負電極下火腿表面之pH。每個樣品在70分鐘時的電壓下降係由於移除火腿以測量此時的pH及損害所致。結果展示於表3中。In this experiment, tantalum, titanium, gold, and SS430 metal spacers were used as positive electrodes to simulate the passivation layer of the cathode casing. The negative electrode is SS430. Each positive electrode was placed in parallel with SS430 spacers with a gap of about 1 mm to form four pairs of spacers. The pads were placed at the potential using a commercial 3.3V CR2032 Li metal coin cell cell and the voltage was monitored using a
表3.
Ta (試驗2503)及Ti (試驗2504)樣品在火腿上沒有顯示出任何可見損害跡象。然而，與金樣品(試驗2505)相似，Ti樣品之pH在火腿之正電極側上降低並在火腿之負電極側上增加。甚至在180分鐘之後，Ta樣品之pH亦沒有自初始讀數5改變。The Ta (run 2503) and Ti (run 2504) samples did not show any visible signs of damage on the ham. However, similar to the gold sample (run 2505), the pH of the Ti sample decreased on the positive electrode side of the ham and increased on the negative electrode side of the ham. The pH of the Ta sample did not change from the initial reading of 5 even after 180 minutes.
與SS430對照相比，Au、Ta及Ti處理全都降低電流。此等結果表明，在長時間曝露於濕潤組織期間，陰極殼體上的Ta鈍化層與Au或Ti塗層相比將降低更多的電流，且因此引起更少的損害。 vi) 鉭及鈦 陰極殼體曝露於使用 CR1616 的水合火腿 The Au, Ta and Ti treatments all reduced the current compared to the SS430 control. These results indicate that the Ta passivation layer on the cathode casing will reduce the current more and therefore cause less damage than Au or Ti coatings during prolonged exposure to wet tissue. vi) Exposure of tantalum and titanium cathode casings to hydrated ham using CR1616
使用由不銹鋼304、鈦及鉭製成的CR2032陰極殼體及由不銹鋼430製成的CR2032陽極殼體來製成測試電池。測試電池藉由將商品CR1616紐扣單元電池***外殼中並使用鎳箔填充任何空隙並提供自陽極至陽極的電流路徑來供電。使用具有CR2032捲製模具的MTI手動捲製機來捲製殼體。Test cells were made using a CR2032 cathode casing made of
將幾個冰凍Boar’s head火腿厚切片解凍並切成六個2吋×2.5吋的片。在此之後，在開始實驗之前加入10 mL 25% Ringer氏溶液以將火腿水合1小時。Thaw several thick slices of frozen Boar's head ham and cut into six 2" x 2.5" pieces. After this time, 10 mL of 25% Ringer's solution was added to hydrate the ham for 1 hour before starting the experiment.
然後將測試電池陽極側朝下放置在一片火腿上並用另外一片火腿覆蓋以覆蓋陰極側。在層之頂部上添加200 g重物以確保測試電池與火腿之良好接觸。The test cell was then placed on a piece of ham with the anode side down and covered with another piece of ham to cover the cathode side. A 200 g weight was added on top of the layer to ensure good contact between the test cell and the ham.
在接觸超過24小時之後(第26圖)，以不銹鋼304作為陰極殼體的對照電池在陽極側及陰極側二者上顯示出對火腿的顯著損害。然而，具有鈦或鉭陰極殼體的電池都沒有引起顯著損害。具有鈦陰極殼體的電池在與陰極殼體直接接觸的火腿上顯示出極少損害跡象，但確實顯示出與陽極殼體直接接觸的組織明顯變色，這是損害之一指標。After more than 24 hours of contact (FIG. 26), the control cell with
當裝置被拆除時且一將測試電池自面向陽極的一側翻轉，就將pH試紙(1至13)範圍放置於與電池陽極殼體直接接觸的火腿區域(第27圖)上。在不銹鋼304陰極殼體測試電池中，火腿之pH在30分鐘內達到8.5並在24小時後為12.5。鈦陰極殼體測試電池顯示出pH在30分鐘內自5.5略微增加至6.5並在24小時後保持在6.5 pH。然而，鉭陰極殼體測試電池在30分鐘及24小時時間點時沒有顯示出pH變化。
vii) 曝露於高溫及相對濕度持續多日 With the device removed and as soon as the test cell was turned over from the anode-facing side, the pH paper (1 to 13) range was placed on the ham area (Figure 27) in direct contact with the cell's anode casing. In the
實行將鋰對照電池、實驗室製造的對照電池及示範性電池曝露於高溫及高濕條件以判定電池在加速老化條件之後的性能如何。Exposure of lithium control cells, laboratory fabricated control cells, and exemplary cells to high temperature and high humidity conditions was performed to determine how the cells performed after accelerated aging conditions.
第28圖展示以下實驗之結果。使用由不銹鋼304、鈦及鉭製成的CR2032陰極殼體及由不銹鋼430製成的CR2032陽極殼體來製成測試電池。測試電池藉由將商品CR1616紐扣單元電池***外殼中並使用鎳箔填充任何空隙並提供自陽極至陽極的電流路徑來供電。使用具有CR2032捲製模具的MTI手動捲製機來捲製殼體。使用商業購買之Maxell CR2032電池作為商品對照。由於實驗室製造的測試電池不含有任何電解質(商品CR1616中所含的電解質除外)，因此沒有預期重量損失，但是，在此時間週期期間，測試電池亦沒有因水分進入而增加任何另外的重量。測試電池之質量沒有顯著變化，且這可能指示高溫、高濕儲存中的靜態條件。Figure 28 shows the results of the following experiment. Test cells were made using a CR2032 cathode casing made of
第29圖展示以下實驗之結果。使用由不銹鋼304、鈦及鉭製成的CR2032陰極殼體及由不銹鋼430製成的CR2032陽極殼體來製成測試電池。測試電池藉由將商品CR1616紐扣單元電池***外殼中並使用鎳箔填充任何空隙並提供自陽極至陽極的電流路徑來供電。使用具有CR2032捲製模具的MTI手動捲製機來捲製殼體。使用商業購買之Maxell CR2032電池作為商品對照。為了測量負載電壓，並聯連接一電阻並立即開啟定時器。在5秒時間點時記錄由DC萬用表測量的閉路電壓。開路電壓(open circuit voltage，OCV)、15 kOhm、3.9 kOhm電壓在整個測試條件中保持相對穩定。然而，1 kOhm電阻條件略有下降，類似於商品控制，且在所有情況下都保持高於3V。在60℃、90% RH下儲存之後，任何電池之電阻都沒有顯著增加。Figure 29 shows the results of the following experiment. Test cells were made using a CR2032 cathode casing made of
根據本揭露構建的原型電池顯示出與對照電池及商品電池相似的對熱及濕度的穩定性。 等效物 Prototype cells constructed in accordance with the present disclosure showed similar stability to heat and humidity as the control cells and commercial cells. Equivalent
前述書面說明足以能夠使熟習此項技術者來實踐實施例。前述描述及實例詳述某些實施例並描述由發明者所設想的最佳模式。然而，將瞭解，無論前述以文本形式表現得如何詳細，實施例仍可以許多方式實踐且應根據隨附申請專利範圍及其任何等效物解釋。The foregoing written description is sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments. The foregoing description and examples detail certain embodiments and describe the best mode contemplated by the inventors. It will be appreciated, however, that no matter how detailed the foregoing may appear in text, embodiments may be practiced in many ways and should be construed in accordance with the scope of the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.
200:紐扣或扁形單元型電池/電池 201:陽極殼體 202:陰極殼體 202a:陰極內導電層 202b:陰極鈍化層 203:陽極 204:分離器 205:陰極 206:墊圈 300:電池 301:陽極殼體 301a:陽極內導電層 301b:陽極鈍化層 302:陰極殼體 302a:陰極內導電層 302b:陰極鈍化層 303:陽極 304:分離器 305:陰極 306:墊圈 400:陰極殼體 403:內導電層 404:鈍化層 412:環形側部 413:底部 414:邊緣 415:底部及環形側部之外表面 416:陰極殼體之內表面 500a,500b,500c,500d,500e,500f,500g,500h,500i,500j,500k,500l,500m,500n:陰極殼體 501:內壁 502,504,506,508,512,514,516,519,522,525,528,530:鈍化層 503,507,510,513,518,521,524,527:內導電層 505,515:內部支撐構件 506a:殼體之內表面 506b:殼體之外表面 509,517,510,523,526,529,531,538:外部塗層 511:結合層 532,535:陰極內導電層 533,536:第二層 534,537:第一層 600a,600b,600c,600d:陰極殼體 603:內導電層 604:鈍化層 606:墊圈 612:環形側部或外環形表面 613:底部 614:邊緣/邊緣表面 615:捲製區域 700a,700b:陰極殼體 703:內導電層 704:鈍化層 706:延伸墊圈 710:不透水塗層 712:環形側部 713:底部或外底部表面 714:陰極殼體之邊緣 715:捲製區域 800:陰極殼體 803:內導電層 804:鈍化層 806:墊圈 812:環形側部 813:底部 814:邊緣 815:捲製區域 901:密封杯 902:底部罐 903:陽極 904:分離器 905:陰極 906:墊圈 1000:陽極殼體 1001a:內導電層 1007:頂部 1008:環形側部 1009:摺邊折疊 1100:多層層壓體 1103:導電層 1104:鈍化層 1105:結合層 1200:多層層壓體 1203:導電層 1204:鈍化層 1206:導電層與鈍化層之間的界面 1300:陰極殼體 1303:導電層 1304:鈍化層 1305:導電層與鈍化層之間的界面 1330:層壓體 1400:陰極殼體 1401:輥壓/折疊 1402:壁 1403:內導電層 1404:鈍化層 1414:邊緣 1500b,1500c:陰極殼體 1500e:層壓體 1501:拉長區域/延伸環形側部 1502:邊緣 1503:內導電層 1504:鈍化層 1505:下部環形側部 1600a,1600b,1600c,1601a,1601b,1601c:方法步驟 1603:導電層 1604:鈍化層 1700:陰極殼體/二層陰極殼體 1701:夾具 1703:導電層 1704:鈍化層 1704a1:位於殼體上的膜 1704a2:位於殼體之外壁上的膜 1704b:位於內壁上的膜 1704c:位於殼體之邊緣上的膜 1802:陰極殼體 1803:內導電層 1804:鈍化層 1840,1841:徑向探針 200: Button or Flat Cell Cell/Battery 201: Anode housing 202: Cathode casing 202a: Conductive layer in the cathode 202b: cathode passivation layer 203: Anode 204: Separator 205: Cathode 206: Gasket 300: battery 301: Anode housing 301a: Conductive layer in anode 301b: Anode passivation layer 302: Cathode casing 302a: Conductive layer in the cathode 302b: cathode passivation layer 303: Anode 304: Separator 305: Cathode 306: Gasket 400: Cathode casing 403: Inner conductive layer 404: Passivation layer 412: Ring side 413: Bottom 414: Edge 415: Bottom and outer surface of annular sides 416: Inner surface of cathode casing 500a, 500b, 500c, 500d, 500e, 500f, 500g, 500h, 500i, 500j, 500k, 500l, 500m, 500n: Cathode casing 501: Inner Wall 502, 504, 506, 508, 512, 514, 516, 519, 522, 525, 528, 530: Passivation layer 503,507,510,513,518,521,524,527: Inner Conductive Layer 505, 515: Internal support members 506a: Inner surface of shell 506b: External surface of shell 509,517,510,523,526,529,531,538: External coatings 511: Bonding Layer 532,535: Conductive layer in cathode 533,536: Second floor 534,537: first floor 600a, 600b, 600c, 600d: Cathode casing 603: Inner conductive layer 604: Passivation layer 606: Gasket 612: Annular side or outer annular surface 613: Bottom 614: Edge/Edge Surface 615: Rolling area 700a, 700b: Cathode casing 703: Inner conductive layer 704: Passivation layer 706: Extension washer 710: Impervious coating 712: Ring Side 713: Bottom or Outer Bottom Surface 714: Edge of cathode casing 715: Rolling area 800: Cathode casing 803: Inner conductive layer 804: Passivation layer 806: Gasket 812: Ring side 813: Bottom 814: Edge 815: Rolling area 901: Sealed Cup 902: Bottom Tank 903: Anode 904: Separator 905: Cathode 906: Gasket 1000: Anode housing 1001a: inner conductive layer 1007: Top 1008: Ring Sides 1009: Hemmed Fold 1100: Multilayer Laminate 1103: Conductive layer 1104: Passivation layer 1105: Bonding Layer 1200: Multilayer Laminate 1203: Conductive layer 1204: Passivation layer 1206: Interface between conductive layer and passivation layer 1300: Cathode casing 1303: Conductive layer 1304: Passivation layer 1305: Interface between conductive layer and passivation layer 1330: Laminate 1400: Cathode casing 1401: Rolling/Folding 1402: Wall 1403: Inner conductive layer 1404: Passivation layer 1414: Edge 1500b, 1500c: Cathode casing 1500e: Laminate 1501: Elongated Area/Extended Ring Sides 1502: Edge 1503: Inner conductive layer 1504: Passivation layer 1505: Lower Ring Side 1600a, 1600b, 1600c, 1601a, 1601b, 1601c: Method steps 1603: Conductive layer 1604: Passivation layer 1700: Cathode casing/two-layer cathode casing 1701: Fixtures 1703: Conductive layer 1704: Passivation layer 1704a1: Membrane on Shell 1704a2: Membranes on outer walls of shells 1704b: Membranes on inner walls 1704c: Membrane on edge of shell 1802: Cathode casing 1803: Inner conductive layer 1804: Passivation layer 1840, 1841: Radial Probe
第1圖展示來自描繪電池攝入之頻率及嚴重度(主要及致命結果)的全美中毒資料系統(National Poison Data System，NPDS)的圖表。Figure 1 shows a graph from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) that depicts the frequency and severity of battery ingestion (primary and fatal outcomes).
第2圖展示根據本揭露之一實施例的示範性紐扣或扁形單元型電池之橫截面示意圖。2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary button or flat cell type battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
第3圖展示根據本揭露之一實施例的示範性紐扣或扁形單元型電池之橫截面示意圖。3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary button or flat cell type battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
第4圖展示根據本揭露之一實施例的示範性陰極殼體之橫截面示意圖。FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary cathode casing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
第5A圖至第5N圖展示根據本揭露之實施例的示範性陰極殼體之橫截面示意圖。5A-5N show schematic cross-sectional views of exemplary cathode casings in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
第6A圖、第6B圖及第6C圖展示根據本揭露之實施例的示範性陰極殼體之橫截面示意圖，該等橫截面示意圖例示捲製之後鈍化層之放置。第6D圖展示根據本揭露之實施例的陰極殼體之SEM影像，該SEM影像例示捲製之後鈍化層之放置。Figures 6A, 6B, and 6C show schematic cross-sectional views of exemplary cathode casings illustrating placement of passivation layers after rolling, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 6D shows an SEM image of a cathode casing illustrating placement of a passivation layer after rolling, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
第7A圖及第7B圖展示根據本揭露之實施例的示範性陰極殼體之橫截面示意圖，該等橫截面示意圖例示捲製之後密封劑層或延伸墊圈之放置。Figures 7A and 7B show schematic cross-sectional views of an exemplary cathode casing illustrating placement of a sealant layer or extension gasket after rolling, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
第8圖展示根據本揭露之一實施例的示範性陰極殼體之橫截面示意圖，該橫截面示意圖例示捲製之後邊緣之放置。8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary cathode casing illustrating edge placement after rolling, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
第9圖展示根據本揭露之一實施例的示範性紐扣或扁形單元型電池之橫截面示意圖。9 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary button or flat cell type battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
第10圖展示根據本揭露之一實施例的示範性陰極殼體之橫截面示意圖。10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary cathode casing in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
第11圖展示示範性多層層壓體之橫截面示意圖。Figure 11 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary multilayer laminate.
第12圖展示示範性多層層壓體之橫截面示意圖。Figure 12 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary multilayer laminate.
第13圖展示描繪一種製造陰極殼體之示範性方法的示意圖。13 shows a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary method of fabricating a cathode casing.
第14A圖至第14D圖展示描繪更多種製造陰極殼體之示範性方法的示意圖。Figures 14A-14D show schematic diagrams depicting more exemplary methods of fabricating cathode casings.
第15A圖展示描繪又另一種製造陰極殼體之示範性方法的示意圖。第15B圖展示在摺邊折疊之後鈍化層開裂之情況下的陰極殼體之一部分之SEM影像。第15C圖展示陰極殼體之一部分之SEM影像，該SEM影像展示在摺邊折疊之後鈍化層沒有開裂。15A shows a schematic diagram depicting yet another exemplary method of fabricating a cathode casing. Figure 15B shows an SEM image of a portion of the cathode casing with the passivation layer cracked after hemming folding. Figure 15C shows an SEM image of a portion of the cathode casing showing no cracking of the passivation layer after hemming folding.
第16A圖及第16B圖展示描繪更多種製造陰極殼體之示範性方法的示意圖。16A and 16B show schematic diagrams depicting more exemplary methods of fabricating cathode casings.
第17圖展示描繪又另一種製造陰極殼體之示範性方法的示意圖。17 shows a schematic diagram depicting yet another exemplary method of fabricating a cathode casing.
第18A圖及第18B圖展示可用於測量本揭露之陰極殼體之電阻的四探針毫歐表(Extech型號#380580)之照片。Figures 18A and 18B show photographs of a four probe milliohmmeter (Extech model #380580) that can be used to measure the resistance of the cathode casing of the present disclosure.
第18C圖展示描繪本揭露之陰極殼體之電阻測量的示意圖。Figure 18C shows a schematic diagram depicting resistance measurements of the cathode casing of the present disclosure.
第19圖展示在浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中之情況下經受恆定的1.5V及3.3V DC電壓時跨不同耐火金屬類型的電路電流之圖。Figure 19 shows a graph of circuit current across different refractory metal types when subjected to constant 1.5V and 3.3V DC voltages with immersion in a 25% Ringer's solution.
第20圖展示在浸入模擬胃液溶液中之情況下經受恆定的1.5V及3.3V DC電壓時跨不同耐火金屬類型的電路電流之圖。Figure 20 shows a graph of circuit current across different refractory metal types when subjected to constant 1.5V and 3.3V DC voltages while immersed in a simulated gastric juice solution.
第21圖展示當部分浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中時使用3.3V外部電壓供應在10 kOhm並聯電阻負載下比較對鉭陰極殼體進行刮擦之前(左)及之後(右)的相同陰極罐之DC電路電流的圖。Figure 21 shows comparison of the same cathode can before (left) and after (right) scratching the tantalum cathode casing using a 3.3V external voltage supply under a 10 kOhm parallel resistive load when partially immersed in a 25% Ringer's solution Diagram of DC circuit current.
第22圖展示諸如使用3.3V外部電壓供應在不同電阻負載下比較由不銹鋼304及耐火金屬陰極罐製成的電池之DC電路電流的圖。Figure 22 shows a graph comparing the DC circuit current of cells made of
第23圖展示當部分浸入25% Ringer氏溶液中時諸如使用3.3V外部電壓供應在不同電阻負載下比較由不銹鋼304及耐火金屬罐製成的電池之DC電路電流的圖。Figure 23 shows a graph comparing the DC circuit current of batteries made of
第24A圖及第24B圖展示對於鉭墊片曝露於由外部電源供電的水合火腿的120分鐘後的火腿及30分鐘後的火腿之照片。Figures 24A and 24B show photographs of ham after 120 minutes and after 30 minutes of exposure to tantalum gaskets to hydrated ham powered by an external power source.
第24C圖展示對於鉭墊片曝露於使用外部電源的水合火腿的電流對時間之圖。Figure 24C shows a graph of current versus time for tantalum pads exposed to a hydrated ham using an external power source.
第25圖展示對於鉭、鈦、金及SS430墊片曝露於使用CR2032電池作為電源的水合火腿的電壓對時間之圖。Figure 25 shows a graph of voltage versus time for tantalum, titanium, gold and SS430 gaskets exposed to a hydrated ham using a CR2032 cell as the power source.
第26圖展示曝露24小時之後熟食火腿與用不銹鋼、鈦及鉭殼體製成的電池接觸的照片對比。頂列展示與陰極側接觸的火腿，且底部列展示紐扣單元電池之陽極側及與電池之陽極側接觸的火腿部分。Figure 26 shows a comparison of photographs of deli ham in contact with batteries made with stainless steel, titanium and tantalum casings after 24 hours of exposure. The top column shows the ham in contact with the cathode side, and the bottom column shows the anode side of the coin cell cell and the portion of the ham in contact with the anode side of the cell.
第27圖展示曝露24小時之後熟食火腿與用不銹鋼、鈦及鉭陰極殼體製成的電池接觸的照片對比。Figure 27 shows a comparison of photographs of deli ham in contact with cells made with stainless steel, titanium and tantalum cathode casings after 24 hours of exposure.
第28圖展示作為曝露於60℃及90% RH在第0日、第8日、第15日及第21日測量的21日週期內的質量變化反映的電池老化性能之圖。Figure 28 shows a graph of cell aging performance as reflected in mass change over a 21-day period measured at
第29圖展示作為曝露於60℃及90% RH在第0日、第8日、第15日及第21日測量的21日週期內的電壓變化反映的電池老化性能之圖。FIG. 29 shows a graph of cell aging performance as reflected in voltage changes over a 21-day period measured at 0, 8, 15, and 21 days exposed to 60°C and 90% RH.
第30圖展示對於鎳、金、鈮及不銹鋼的在25%非乳酸Ringer氏溶液中的金屬耐氧化性之變化。Figure 30 shows the change in metal oxidation resistance in 25% non-lactic Ringer's solution for nickel, gold, niobium and stainless steel.
無none
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-
2021
- 2021-08-24 CN CN202180068570.2A patent/CN116438704A/en active Pending
- 2021-08-24 KR KR1020237010079A patent/KR20230058103A/en unknown
- 2021-08-24 JP JP2023513382A patent/JP2023540040A/en active Pending
- 2021-08-24 WO PCT/US2021/047379 patent/WO2022046791A1/en unknown
- 2021-08-24 US US17/410,904 patent/US11469465B2/en active Active
- 2021-08-24 CA CA3191021A patent/CA3191021A1/en active Pending
- 2021-08-24 US US17/410,906 patent/US20220069311A1/en active Pending
- 2021-08-24 US US18/022,931 patent/US20240014474A1/en active Pending
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- 2021-08-24 EP EP21862585.3A patent/EP4205225A1/en active Pending
- 2021-08-24 TW TW110131340A patent/TW202226651A/en unknown
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2023
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| CN116438704A (en) | 2023-07-14 |
| WO2022046791A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
| EP4205225A1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
| US20240014474A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
| US20240088488A1 (en) | 2024-03-14 |
| AU2021332223A1 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
| US20220069311A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
| JP2023540040A (en) | 2023-09-21 |
| US11469465B2 (en) | 2022-10-11 |
| KR20230058103A (en) | 2023-05-02 |
| US20220069389A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
| CA3191021A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
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