TW202223250A - 以鋅鎳作為沃斯田不鏽鋼之自鑽鑿螺絲上之塗層 - Google Patents

以鋅鎳作為沃斯田不鏽鋼之自鑽鑿螺絲上之塗層 Download PDF

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TW202223250A
TW202223250A TW110127107A TW110127107A TW202223250A TW 202223250 A TW202223250 A TW 202223250A TW 110127107 A TW110127107 A TW 110127107A TW 110127107 A TW110127107 A TW 110127107A TW 202223250 A TW202223250 A TW 202223250A
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zinc
screw
self
drilling
nickel
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坤豪 黃
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瑞士商Sfs因泰克控股股份公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/10—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws
    • F16B25/103—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws by means of a drilling screw-point, i.e. with a cutting and material removing action
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
    • B21K1/46—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like with heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/56—Making machine elements screw-threaded elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
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    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
    • C23C28/3225—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/001—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed
    • F16B25/0021—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed the material being metal, e.g. sheet-metal or aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/06—Surface treatment of parts furnished with screw-thread, e.g. for preventing seizure or fretting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F16B41/002—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
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    • F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
    • F16B23/0007—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool characterised by the shape of the recess or the protrusion engaging the tool
    • F16B23/0038—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool characterised by the shape of the recess or the protrusion engaging the tool substantially prismatic with up to six edges, e.g. triangular, square, pentagonal, Allen-type cross-sections
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    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/10—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws

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Abstract

本發明提供一種自鑽鑿螺絲(10)，其包括一頭部(20)、至少部分地帶有一螺紋(35)之一軸件(30)及一鑽尖(40)。包含該鑽尖(40)之該螺絲(10)之基材由具有400至600 HV 0.3之一表面硬度(無塗層)之一沃斯田300系列鋼一體地製造。該螺絲之表面具有沈積於該沃斯田基材上之具有12至15%之間的一鎳含量之一鋅鎳頂部塗層。 此自鑽鑿螺絲(10)由原始沃斯田300系列鋼之一坯料製造，該坯料在一第一次操作中藉由冷成型進行初始擠壓以減小其直徑，且在後續冷成型操作中形成該頭部、該鑽尖及一螺紋。

Description

以鋅鎳作為沃斯田不鏽鋼之自鑽鑿螺絲上之塗層
本發明係關於一種包括沈積於完全由沃斯田不鏽鋼製成之一自鑽鑿螺絲之頂部上之一鋅鎳層之塗層。
技術背景
沃斯田不鏽鋼係一種特殊類型之不鏽鋼合金。沃斯田不鏽鋼包含沃斯田體作為其等主要晶體結構(面心立方體)。此沃斯田晶體結構係藉由充分添加諸如鎳、錳及氮之沃斯田穩定元素來達成。然而，其等晶體結構阻止沃斯田鋼藉由熱處理而可硬化且使其等本質上非磁性。
存在沃斯田不鏽鋼之兩個子群。300系列不鏽鋼主要藉由添加鎳來達成其等沃斯田結構，而200系列不鏽鋼則用錳及氮代替鎳，然而仍存在一少的鎳含量。
300系列不鏽鋼(AISI參考)係較大子群，其中304型(亦稱為18/8、18/10不鏽鋼)係最著名的類型。眾所周知及常用的類型係材料編號(EN編號) 1.43XX、1.44XX，例如1.4301、1.4310、1.4315及1.4370。
此等不鏽鋼通常用於製造不鏽鋼緊固件。在許多應用中，尤其是在緊固件暴露於環境及/或惡劣條件(海洋空氣、腐蝕條件)之情況下，此等沃斯田不鏽鋼之耐腐蝕性正被利用。由於如上文所提及，不鏽鋼無法藉由熱處理而硬化，因此應用領域受限。需要高機械耐久性之具有鑽尖之緊固件通常無法由單件此基材形成。代替地，碳鋼鑽尖被焊接至由不鏽鋼製成之一軸件(因此稱為雙金屬(bimetal或bimet)緊固件)。儘管此等程序在當今已經很成熟，但其等既複雜又昂貴。
進一步相當常見的是將金屬鍍層施加至此類緊固件。通常施加鋅及鋅鎳塗層以保護碳鋼鑽尖免受腐蝕。該等塗層之施加可藉由熟知電鍍程序來完成。取決於電鍍介質之酸度，鋅鎳層將展現一更吸引人的外觀，因為該層之結構更緻密及更光滑。
在此背景下，眾所周知，純鋅層(塗層)比鋅鎳層(410至450 HV 0.1)更具延展性(40至150 HV 0.1)。鋅鎳塗層中鎳之一增加份額將導致更容易形成裂紋之一層，此對於緊固件而言係一非所要行為。然而，若出現一裂紋，則歸因於稱為陰極保護效應之一化學程序，惰性較低的鋅將首先溶解，從而導致靠近基材表面之鎳之一濃縮。結果將得到一薄的保護性富鎳膜。 先前技術
文獻EP 2 080 572 A1描述一種用於由沃斯田300系列材料冷鍛一高強度緊固件之方法。初始藉由冷成型對原始沃斯田300系列鋼之一軸件進行擠壓以減小其直徑且因此製造一中間柄。接著在該柄之一端處形成一頭部。隨後，藉由捏縮在該柄之與該螺絲頭部相對之另一端處形成一鑽尖。最後，在該軸件上形成一螺紋，因此自沃斯田不鏽鋼實現具有一鑽尖之一一體緊固件。根據此文獻，該方法導致曾經係鑽尖之區域之一表面硬度增加至395至432 HV 0.3之間。
雖然針對該種製造程序所描述之硬度值比先前技術有所改良，但其等仍未達到由具有一碳鋼鑽尖之標準雙金屬螺絲定義之位準。
為了進一步增強全不鏽鋼螺絲之硬度，吾人可施加具有高於基材之一特定硬度之一頂部塗層。例如，可用具有＞1000 HV 之一鉻塗層頂塗具有300基材硬度之一全不鏽鋼螺絲。然而，若基材無法適當地消散施加至表面之應力(例如在定位此一螺絲期間)及例如屈服，則延展性較差的頂部塗層可能會碎裂、剝落及脫落。
本發明之目的係憑藉一頂部塗層進一步增強如先前技術中所描述之由一300系列沃斯田材料製成之一高強度緊固件之鑽鑿效能，同時避免一傳統硬塗層之缺點。
根據本發明，一種自鑽鑿螺絲包括一頭部、至少部分地帶有一螺紋之一軸件及一鑽尖。「至少部分地帶有一螺紋」意謂該軸件展現覆蓋該螺絲之該軸件之一螺紋，但無螺紋區段(例如直接鄰近該頭部之區段)除外。包含該鑽尖之該螺絲之基材由具有400至600 HV 0.3之一表面硬度(無塗層)之一沃斯田300系列鋼一體地製造。具有12至15%之間的一鎳含量之一鋅鎳塗層經沈積於該沃斯田基材上。
此類型之螺絲由原始沃斯田300系列鋼之一坯料製造，該坯料在一第一次操作中藉由冷成型進行初始擠壓以減小其直徑，且在後續冷成型操作中形成該頭部、該鑽尖及一螺紋。與單步驟冷成型相較，此兩步驟冷成型程序導致一改良的表面硬度。已發現，待施加於該螺絲之表面上之鋅鎳塗層之厚度較佳地被選擇為在5至30 μm之間。鋅鎳塗層之維克氏(Vickers)硬度已被量測為在410至450 HV 0.1之間。該塗層可藉由熟知的鋅鎳電鍍程序進行施加。
換言之，鋅鎳塗層本身具有低於其被施加至之基材之一表面硬度。如上文所提及，一不鏽鋼螺絲歸因於其全不鏽鋼主體/基材而對環境影響(如腐蝕)之敏感度低於一經典的雙金屬螺絲。若吾人仍希望增強該性質，則可使用一簡單的鋅頂部塗層。鋅作為一塗層比鋅鎳更具延展性，但在兩次冷成型操作之後，兩者之延展性仍低於上述之基材。因此，吾人將不會預期一較硬基底上之一較軟層將特別地增加一自鑽鑿螺絲之效能。相反，可預期一鋅層具有比一鋅鎳層更好的塗抹性質。
本文中描述之螺絲之應用領域係例如薄金屬板(幾mm鋼、鋁)之簡化組裝。一建築工地或一裝配線上之一使用者將不需要提供用於預鑽鑿孔之一第二電動工具。他/她將簡單地使用定位工具(例如一電池供電的無線螺絲刀)來完成程序步驟。
在一自鑽鑿螺絲之定位程序期間，一鑽尖必須承受重(熱)負載。可例如藉由故障百分比量測及指定此一螺絲之效能。在此情況下，一故障可能意謂：鑽尖斷裂或鑽尖之切削刃磨損及尖端過熱。另一效能量測可為鑽穿x mm金屬板之平均時間或y mm/min之一指定鑽鑿能力。雖然後2個量度亦取決於使用者之能力及工具之效能，但第一量度「故障百分比」指示可避免多少成本的重工。
實驗表明，故障大多發生於應用之最後時刻期間。一冷成型鑽尖沒有一專用鑽尖之持久效能，因為其僅需要執行一次。因此，一不太理想的設計(亦歸因於大量製造程序)並非一主要問題，然而歸因於在鑽鑿程序期間之相當大摩擦，冷成型鑽尖將明顯升溫。因此，在使用期間降低鑽尖摩擦之任何頂部塗層皆係一優勢。
因此，在一價格合理的產品與安全避免效能問題(即故障)之間取得平衡並非易事。因為所涉及的成本(亦與一鋅層相較)及防腐蝕並非一全不鏽鋼螺絲之一主要問題之事實，所以施加一鋅鎳層代替一簡單的潤滑層(蠟)並非輕而易舉。此外，一鋅鎳塗層具有低於基材之一硬度，因此很少預期此一層可有助於改良效能。
然而，發明人發現，一鋅鎳塗層提供兩個令人驚訝的協同優勢：歸因於鋅鎳硬度與全沃斯田基材相當，因此頂部塗層不太容易碎裂、剝落及脫落。此外，鋅鎳層比例如一鋅層更光滑且展現更小的微粗糙度。此將再次改良在使用期間(若干)切屑自鑽尖之切削刃及區域之剝除。由於切屑在一自鑽鑿螺絲之熱消散中起到一主要作用，所以支援自鑽尖移除切屑之一鋅鎳層似乎提供關鍵的幾秒額外壽命。
根據本發明之一自鑽鑿螺絲可另外且有利地展現包括一蠟、一精細分散的熱塑性塑料或兩者之一進一步潤滑塗層。此將另外降低摩擦，尤其是在初始鑽鑿序列期間且因此推遲螺絲尖端之升溫。將此一潤滑塗層施加至鑽尖及/或軸件之帶螺紋部分便已足夠。此施加可藉由浸漬、噴塗或其他已知程序來完成。
已進行各種實驗來驗證根據本發明之所提出塗層之優異性質。一2 mm厚的S235結構鋼鋼板已用作若干類型之自鑽鑿螺絲之測試材料。使用根據如上文所描述之先前技術之由沃斯田不鏽鋼製成之無塗層螺絲之測試係失敗的。尖端之鑽鑿刃在鋼板穿孔之前已磨損。然而，具有如所描述之一鋅鎳塗層加上一蠟之相同鑽表現良好且可毫無問題地使用。效能可與具有一鋅塗層及一蠟層之經典雙金屬螺絲相當。
自另一觀點來看，本發明可被描述為一鋅鎳塗層在一自鑽鑿螺絲之表面上用於增強其鑽鑿效能之用途，該螺絲包括一頭部、至少部分地帶有一螺紋之一軸件及一鑽尖，包含該鑽尖之該螺絲之基材由具有400至600 HV 0.3之一表面硬度(無塗層)之一沃斯田300系列鋼一體地製造。較佳地，該鋅鎳塗層具有5至30 μm之間的一厚度且展現410至450 HV 0.1之間的一維克氏硬度。
10:自鑽鑿螺絲 20:頭部 30:軸件 35:螺紋 40:鑽尖
圖1展示包括一頭部(20)、至少部分地帶有一螺紋(35)之一軸件(30)及一鑽尖(40)之一自鑽鑿螺絲(10)之一原理示意圖。
10:自鑽鑿螺絲
20:頭部
30:軸件
35:螺紋
40:鑽尖

Claims (9)

  1. 一種自鑽鑿螺絲(10)，其包括一頭部(20)、至少部分地帶有一螺紋(35)之一軸件(30)及一鑽尖(40)，包含該鑽尖(40)之該螺絲(10)之基材由具有400至600 HV 0.3之一表面硬度(無塗層)之一沃斯田300系列鋼一體地製造，其特徵在於沈積於該沃斯田基材上之具有12至15%之間的一鎳含量之一鋅鎳塗層。
  2. 如請求項1之自鑽鑿螺絲，其中該螺絲(10)由原始沃斯田300系列鋼之一坯料製造，該坯料在一第一次操作中藉由冷成型進行初始擠壓以減小其直徑，且在後續冷成型操作中形成該頭部、該鑽尖及一螺紋。
  3. 如請求項1之自鑽鑿螺絲，其中該鋅鎳塗層之厚度在5至30 μm之間。
  4. 如請求項1之自鑽鑿螺絲，其中該鋅鎳塗層展現410至450 HV 0.1之間的一維克氏硬度。
  5. 如請求項1之自鑽鑿螺絲，其中該鋅鎳塗層展現包括一蠟、一精細分散的熱塑性塑料或兩者之一進一步潤滑塗層。
  6. 如請求項5之自鑽鑿螺絲，其中該潤滑塗層主要施加至該螺絲之該鑽尖及該軸件。
  7. 一種將一鋅鎳塗層用在一自鑽鑿螺絲(10)之表面上以增強其鑽鑿效能之用途，該螺絲(10)包括一頭部(20)、至少部分地帶有一螺紋(35)之一軸件(30)及一鑽尖(40)，包含該鑽尖(40)之該螺絲(10)之基材由具有400至600 HV 0.3之一表面硬度(無塗層)之一沃斯田300系列鋼一體地製造。
  8. 如請求項7之鋅鎳塗層之用途，其中該鋅鎳塗層具有5至30 μm之間的一厚度。
  9. 如請求項7之鋅鎳塗層之用途，其中該鋅鎳塗層展現410至450 HV 0.1之間的一維克氏硬度。
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