TW202135548A - Passive sensor tracking using observations of wi-fi access points - Google Patents

Passive sensor tracking using observations of wi-fi access points Download PDF

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TW202135548A
TW202135548A TW110108347A TW110108347A TW202135548A TW 202135548 A TW202135548 A TW 202135548A TW 110108347 A TW110108347 A TW 110108347A TW 110108347 A TW110108347 A TW 110108347A TW 202135548 A TW202135548 A TW 202135548A
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access point
sensor
location
wireless device
data
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TW110108347A
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科迪 威廉 卡塔萊娜
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美商特韋洛公司
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Priority claimed from US16/812,471 external-priority patent/US10848934B1/en
Priority claimed from US16/812,612 external-priority patent/US10848935B1/en
Priority claimed from US16/907,806 external-priority patent/US10841749B1/en
Priority claimed from US17/099,749 external-priority patent/US11622234B2/en
Priority claimed from US17/102,429 external-priority patent/US11589187B2/en
Application filed by 美商特韋洛公司 filed Critical 美商特韋洛公司
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Abstract

A method of passive sensor tracking includes using a Wi-Fi access point that transmits a management frame comprising sensor data of a sensor as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, associating unique identifying information of the Wi-Fi access point with a sensor in a sensor tracking database, receiving observation data of the Wi-Fi access point from a Wi-Fi AP Database, the observation data including the unique identifying information of the Wi-Fi access point and the sensor data of the sensor, and storing the sensor data in the sensor tracking database. The Wi-Fi AP Database receives one or more reports comprising observation data from one or more wireless devices that encounter the Wi-Fi access point.

Description

使用無線保真(Wi-Fi)存取點之觀測進行的被動感測器追蹤Passive sensor tracking using Wi-Fi access point observation

本發明係關於使用Wi-Fi存取點之觀測進行的被動感測器追蹤。 相關申請案之交叉參考The present invention relates to passive sensor tracking using Wi-Fi access point observation. Cross reference of related applications

本申請案為2020年3月9日提交且2020年11月24日作為美國專利第10,848,934號發佈的美國專利申請案第16/812,471號之部分接續申請案，該美國專利申請案為2019年9月13日提交且2020年7月28日作為美國專利第10,728,709號發佈之美國專利申請案第16/570,195號之部分接續申請案。This application is a partial continuation of the U.S. Patent Application No. 16/812,471 filed on March 9, 2020 and issued on November 24, 2020 as U.S. Patent No. 10,848,934. The U.S. patent application is September 2019 Part of the continuation application of U.S. Patent Application No. 16/570,195, which was filed on the 13th and issued on July 28, 2020 as U.S. Patent No. 10,728,709.

本申請案為2020年3月9日提交且2020年11月24日作為美國專利第10,848,935號發佈的美國專利申請案第16/812,612號之部分接續申請案，該美國專利申請案為2019年9月13日提交且2020年7月28日作為美國專利第10,728,709號發佈之美國專利申請案第16/570,195號之部分接續申請案。This application is a partial continuation application of U.S. Patent Application No. 16/812,612 filed on March 9, 2020 and issued on November 24, 2020 as U.S. Patent No. 10,848,935. The U.S. Patent Application is September 2019 Part of the continuation application of U.S. Patent Application No. 16/570,195, which was filed on the 13th and issued on July 28, 2020 as U.S. Patent No. 10,728,709.

本申請案為2020年11月16日提交之美國專利申請案第17/099,749號之部分接續申請案，該美國專利申請案為2020年6月22日提交且2020年11月17日作為美國專利第10,841,749號發佈之美國專利申請案第16/907,806號之部分接續申請案，該美國專利申請案第16/907,806號為2019年9月13日提交且2020年7月28日作為美國專利第10,728,709號發佈之美國專利申請案第16/570,195號之延續部分。This application is a partial continuation application of U.S. Patent Application No. 17/099,749 filed on November 16, 2020, which was filed on June 22, 2020 and became a U.S. patent on November 17, 2020 Part of the continuation application of U.S. Patent Application No. 16/907,806 issued under No. 10,841,749. The U.S. Patent Application No. 16/907,806 was filed on September 13, 2019 and became U.S. Patent No. 10,728,709 on July 28, 2020. The continuation of the published US Patent Application No. 16/570,195.

所有上文提及之專利申請案特此以全文引用的方式併入。All the patent applications mentioned above are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

無線網路連接係指運用電磁傳信在網路節點之間無線交換資訊。標準設定組織，諸如電機電子工程師學會(「IEEE」)，協調、開發、發佈且維持有助於無線網路標準的實施之技術標準，該等無線網路標準確保競爭的原始設備製造商之間的相容性且藉此尋求實現其各別技術的廣泛採用。廣泛的IEEE 802.11標準指定通常被稱作Wi-Fi之無線區域網路(Wireless Local Area Network；「WLAN」)技術，其有助於裝置之間的無線通信且常常充當與承載網際網路協定訊務之網路的橋樑。Wi-Fi通常在2.4 GHz或5 GHz頻帶下在電磁光譜之無線電部分中操作。Wireless network connection refers to the use of electromagnetic transmission to wirelessly exchange information between network nodes. Standard setting organizations, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ("IEEE"), coordinate, develop, publish, and maintain technical standards that contribute to the implementation of wireless network standards that ensure that competing OEMs It seeks to realize the wide adoption of its respective technologies. The wide-ranging IEEE 802.11 standard specifies the Wireless Local Area Network (“WLAN”) technology commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, which facilitates wireless communication between devices and often acts as a carrier for Internet protocol communications. The bridge of the Internet. Wi-Fi usually operates in the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band.

在其第一次反覆中，IEEE 802.11a/b標準指定在高達150呎範圍內高達11 Mbps之轉移速率。IEEE 802.11g修正案實施了各種改良，包括正交分頻多工(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing；「OFDM」)，以將轉移速率增加至高達54 Mbps，同時維持與IEEE 802.11b的向後相容性。IEEE 802.11n修正添加了多輸入多輸出（Multiple Input Multiple Output；「MIMO」）功能性，其中多個傳輸器及接收器在鏈路之一端或兩端處同時操作以促進高達300 Mbps之轉移速率且在使用額外天線的情況下甚至有更高的轉移速率。IEEE 802.11ac修正案添加了對空間串流之支援，並增加了頻道寬度，以將轉移速率自433 Mbps實質上增加至若干Gbps，並且僅在不那麼擁擠的5 GHz頻帶內且在高達300呎或更大之範圍內工作。In its first iteration, the IEEE 802.11a/b standard specified a transfer rate of up to 11 Mbps within a range of up to 150 feet. The IEEE 802.11g amendment implemented various improvements, including Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ("OFDM") to increase the transfer rate up to 54 Mbps while maintaining backward compatibility with IEEE 802.11b. IEEE 802.11n amendment adds Multiple Input Multiple Output ("MIMO") functionality, in which multiple transmitters and receivers operate simultaneously at one or both ends of the link to facilitate transfer rates up to 300 Mbps And in the case of using additional antennas, there is even a higher transfer rate. The IEEE 802.11ac amendment adds support for spatial streaming and increases the channel width to substantially increase the transfer rate from 433 Mbps to several Gbps, and only in the less crowded 5 GHz band and up to 300 feet Or work within a larger range.

IEEE 802.11標準仍係不斷演進的技術標準，並且未來的修正案將可能尋求增加轉移速率，在具有挑戰性的環境中改良連接性並增強安全性。因此，Wi-Fi仍係世界上使用最廣泛的無線網路連接標準。The IEEE 802.11 standard is still an evolving technical standard, and future amendments may seek to increase the transfer rate, improve connectivity and enhance security in a challenging environment. Therefore, Wi-Fi is still the most widely used wireless network connection standard in the world.

根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之一個態樣，一種被動感測器追蹤之方法包括：使用一Wi-Fi存取點，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，其傳輸包含一感測器之感測器資料的一管理訊框；在一感測器追蹤資料庫中將該Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊與該感測器相關聯；自一Wi-Fi AP資料庫接收該Wi-Fi存取點之觀測資料，該觀測資料包括該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之該感測器資料；及將該感測器資料儲存在該感測器追蹤資料庫中。該Wi-Fi AP資料庫自遇到該Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個無線裝置接收包含觀測資料之一或多個報告。According to one aspect of one or more specific examples of the present invention, a passive sensor tracking method includes: using a Wi-Fi access point as part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, the transmission of which includes a sensor A management frame of the sensor data of the sensor; associate the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point with the sensor in a sensor tracking database; from a Wi-Fi AP database Receive observation data of the Wi-Fi access point, the observation data including the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point and the sensor data of the sensor; and store the sensor data in the Sensor tracking database. The Wi-Fi AP database receives one or more reports containing observation data since one or more wireless devices encountered the Wi-Fi access point.

根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之一個態樣，一種被動感測器追蹤之方法包括：使用一Wi-Fi存取點，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，其傳輸包括一感測器之感測器資料的一管理訊框；在一感測器追蹤資料庫中將該Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊與該感測器相關聯；自遇到該Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個直接報告無線裝置接收該Wi-Fi存取點之第一觀測資料，該第一觀測資料包括該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之第一感測器資料；自一Wi-Fi AP資料庫接收該Wi-Fi存取點之第二觀測資料，該第二觀測資料包括該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之第二感測器資料；及將第一感測器資料及第二感測器資料儲存在該感測器追蹤資料庫中。在該感測器追蹤資料庫與一或多個無線裝置之間不存在通信，該一或多個無線裝置將其與該Wi-Fi存取點的各別相遇報告給該Wi-Fi AP資料庫，包括第二觀測資料。According to one aspect of one or more specific examples of the present invention, a passive sensor tracking method includes: using a Wi-Fi access point as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, and its transmission includes a sensor A management frame for the sensor data of the sensor; in a sensor tracking database, the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point is associated with the sensor; since the Wi-Fi memory is encountered Take one or more points to directly report that the wireless device receives the first observation data of the Wi-Fi access point, the first observation data includes the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point and the first observation data of the sensor A sensor data; receiving second observation data of the Wi-Fi access point from a Wi-Fi AP database, the second observation data including the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point and the sensing And storing the first sensor data and the second sensor data in the sensor tracking database. There is no communication between the sensor tracking database and one or more wireless devices, and the one or more wireless devices report their respective encounters with the Wi-Fi access point to the Wi-Fi AP data Library, including the second observation data.

根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之一個態樣，一種被動感測器追蹤之方法包括：使用一Wi-Fi存取點，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，其傳輸包括一感測器之感測器資料的一管理訊框；在一感測器追蹤資料庫中將該Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊與該感測器相關聯；自遇到該Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個無線裝置接收該Wi-Fi存取點之觀測資料，該觀測資料包括該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之感測器資料；及將該感測器之該感測器資料儲存在該感測器追蹤資料庫中。According to one aspect of one or more specific examples of the present invention, a passive sensor tracking method includes: using a Wi-Fi access point as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, and its transmission includes a sensor A management frame for the sensor data of the sensor; in a sensor tracking database, the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point is associated with the sensor; since the Wi-Fi memory is encountered Take one or more wireless devices to receive observation data of the Wi-Fi access point, the observation data including the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point and the sensor data of the sensor; and The sensor data of the sensor is stored in the sensor tracking database.

本發明之其他態樣將自以下描述及申請專利範圍而顯而易見。Other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and the scope of the patent application.

參考附圖，詳細描述本發明之一或多個具體實例。出於一致性，在各種諸圖中類似元件由類似附圖標記表示。在本發明之以下詳細描述中，描述具體細節以便提供本發明之透徹理解。在其他情況下，為避免混淆本發明之描述，並未描述對所屬領域中具通常知識者而言熟知的態樣。With reference to the drawings, one or more specific examples of the present invention will be described in detail. For consistency, similar elements are indicated by similar reference numerals in the various figures. In the following detailed description of the present invention, specific details are described in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. In other cases, in order to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention, the state that is well known to those with ordinary knowledge in the art is not described.

習知的資產追蹤系統使用專用且複雜的硬體及軟體系統以典型地在固定位置之範圍內（例如，在倉庫內）或自一或多個固定位置的入口至入口追蹤實體資產（例如，追蹤自倉庫之出發及經銷商處的離開）。一些資產追蹤系統使用簡單的經印刷資產追蹤標籤，其經組態以由諸如條碼讀取器或快速回應（Quick Response；「QR」）讀取器之讀數裝置以光學方式讀取。其他資產追蹤系統使用資產追蹤標籤，其經組態以使用例如近場通信（Near-Field Communication；「NFC」）、藍牙低能量（Bluetooth Low Energy；「BLE」）、射頻識別（Radio-Frequency Identification；「RFID」）或其他近程通信技術在標籤的附近由近程通信裝置讀取。其他資產追蹤系統仍使用資產追蹤標籤，其經組態以使用遠程（Long Range；「LoRa」）網路或蜂巢式通信而在一距離處被讀取。在一些狀況下，資產追蹤系統使用資產追蹤標籤，其能夠使用全球定位系統（Global Positioning System；「GPS」）判定其自身位置且經由通信網路將其自身位置直接報告給資產追蹤系統。然而，此類系統需要大量的功率，對衛星信號的無障礙存取以及通信能力以自我報告其位置。Conventional asset tracking systems use dedicated and complex hardware and software systems to track physical assets typically within a fixed location (for example, in a warehouse) or from one or more fixed location entrances to entrances (for example, Track the departure from the warehouse and the departure from the dealer). Some asset tracking systems use simple printed asset tracking tags that are configured to be optically read by reading devices such as barcode readers or Quick Response ("QR") readers. Other asset tracking systems use asset tracking tags, which are configured to use, for example, Near-Field Communication (“NFC”), Bluetooth Low Energy (“BLE”), and Radio-Frequency Identification ; "RFID") or other short-range communication technology is read by the short-range communication device in the vicinity of the tag. Other asset tracking systems still use asset tracking tags, which are configured to be read at a distance using a long range ("LoRa") network or cellular communication. In some cases, the asset tracking system uses asset tracking tags, which can use the Global Positioning System ("GPS") to determine its own location and directly report its own location to the asset tracking system via a communication network. However, such systems require a lot of power, unobstructed access to satellite signals, and communication capabilities to self-report their location.

此等習知資產追蹤系統可被稱作閉合網路系統，此係因為專用硬體及軟體系統經有目的地部署且參與資產追蹤任務。資產標籤必須在標籤的附近中由讀取器或近程通信裝置直接讀取，或資產標籤必須能夠判定其自身位置且將其自身位置直接報告給資產追蹤系統。因此，習知的閉合網路資產追蹤系統中之固有限制係標記、追蹤、硬體及軟體系統必須有意地經部署、跨越覆蓋範圍之區，及有目的地執行及管理資產追蹤任務的要求。此需要在昂貴的硬體及軟體系統以及使用方面的雇用及培訓人員方面進行大量投資。此外，在橫跨許多位點（可能甚至在世界範圍內）的資產的廣泛部署中，部署及管理習知的閉合網路資產追蹤系統格外困難（即使可能）且成本過高。These conventional asset tracking systems can be called closed network systems because dedicated hardware and software systems are purposefully deployed and participate in asset tracking tasks. The asset tag must be directly read by a reader or short-range communication device in the vicinity of the tag, or the asset tag must be able to determine its own location and report its own location directly to the asset tracking system. Therefore, the inherent limitation in the conventional closed network asset tracking system is the requirement that marking, tracking, hardware and software systems must be intentionally deployed, across coverage areas, and purposeful execution and management of asset tracking tasks. This requires a lot of investment in expensive hardware and software systems, as well as the use of hiring and training personnel. In addition, in the widespread deployment of assets across many locations (perhaps even around the world), deploying and managing the conventional closed network asset tracking system is extremely difficult (if possible) and costly.

因此，在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，被動感測器追蹤之方法及系統使用一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之觀測，以被動地追蹤一或多個感測器及相關聯的感測器資料。作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，可使用Wi-Fi存取點以傳輸包括感測器之感測器資料的管理訊框。Wi-Fi存取點及/或相關聯的感測器可安置於資產上、附接至該資產或與其整合，或置放於需要感測之位置中。相比於閉合網路追蹤系統，僅當Wi-Fi致能之無線裝置遇到在邏輯上與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫中之感測器相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點時，才被動地追蹤感測器，且就無線裝置之使用者而言無需意識到他或她正參與感測器追蹤任務。在某些具體實例中，當一或多個無線裝置進入與感測器相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點的Wi-Fi傳信範圍中時，無線裝置將其與Wi-Fi存取點之相遇報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫，該報告之內容及該報告之目的典型地用於改良位置服務。該報告包括觀測資料，該觀測資料至少包括經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊及嵌入於作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分所傳輸的管理訊框中之感測器的感測器資料。在其他具體實例中，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫可直接自遇到Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個直接報告無線裝置及/或間接自Wi-Fi AP資料庫接收觀測資料，該Wi-Fi AP資料庫自一或多個間接報告無線裝置接收觀測資料，該一或多個間接報告無線裝置遇到Wi-Fi存取點且將觀測資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫。在另其他具體實例中，感測器及/或追蹤資料庫可直接自一或多個直接報告無線裝置接收觀測資料，該等直接報告無線裝置遇到Wi-Fi存取點且將觀測資料報告給感測器及/或追蹤資料庫。感測器資料可儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫中。在某些具體實例中，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫亦可至少部分地基於相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點之觀測資料來判定感測器之位置。觀測資料可進一步包括Wi-Fi存取點之位置資訊。以此方式，感測器可運用不需要與任何無線裝置相關聯或提供任何種類的任何網路連接性的Wi-Fi存取點而部署在世界任何地方。僅恰巧在Wi-Fi存取點之Wi-Fi傳信範圍中（即使僅暫時地）的全世界中之每一智慧型電話可藉由將Wi-Fi存取點之觀測資料報告給感測器及/或追蹤資料庫而匿名地且無意識地參與感測器追蹤任務。Therefore, in one or more specific examples of the present invention, the passive sensor tracking method and system use observations of one or more Wi-Fi access points to passively track one or more sensors and related Sensor data of the connection. As part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, Wi-Fi access points can be used to transmit management frames including sensor data. The Wi-Fi access point and/or the associated sensor can be placed on the asset, attached to or integrated with the asset, or placed in a location that needs to be sensed. Compared to a closed network tracking system, only when a Wi-Fi enabled wireless device encounters a Wi-Fi access point that is logically associated with the sensor and/or the sensor in the asset tracking database , The sensor is tracked passively, and the user of the wireless device does not need to be aware that he or she is participating in the sensor tracking task. In some specific instances, when one or more wireless devices enter the Wi-Fi transmission range of the Wi-Fi access point associated with the sensor, the wireless device connects them to the Wi-Fi access point. The encounter report is sent to the Wi-Fi AP database. The content of the report and the purpose of the report are typically used to improve location services. The report includes observation data, which includes at least the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point encountered and the sensor embedded in the management frame transmitted as part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery Sensor data. In other specific examples, the sensor and/or asset tracking database can directly report from one or more of the Wi-Fi access points encountered directly to the wireless device and/or receive observation data indirectly from the Wi-Fi AP database , The Wi-Fi AP database receives observation data from one or more indirect reporting wireless devices, the one or more indirect reporting wireless devices encounter Wi-Fi access points and report the observation data to the Wi-Fi AP database . In another specific example, the sensor and/or tracking database can directly receive observation data from one or more direct reporting wireless devices, which directly report the observation data when they encounter a Wi-Fi access point To the sensor and/or tracking database. Sensor data can be stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database. In some specific examples, the sensor and/or asset tracking database can also determine the location of the sensor based at least in part on the observation data of the associated Wi-Fi access point. The observation data may further include location information of the Wi-Fi access point. In this way, the sensor can be deployed anywhere in the world using Wi-Fi access points that do not need to be associated with any wireless device or provide any kind of network connectivity. Every smart phone in the world that only happens to be within the Wi-Fi transmission range of the Wi-Fi access point (even if only temporarily) can report the observation data of the Wi-Fi access point to the sensor Sensor and/or tracking database and anonymously and unconsciously participate in sensor tracking tasks.

被動感測器追蹤之方法及系統為開放網路，此係因為其利用智慧型電話及智慧型電話作業系統中固有之現有基礎設施來報告其遇到之Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊以及其位置，以用於提高基於位置之服務的準確度。有利地，可協作地使用Wi-Fi無線網路發現協定以及智慧型電話之固有Wi-Fi存取點報告特徵，以使用可公開地存取之Wi-Fi信號且在被動掃描應用中相對於感測器追蹤任務為完全地匿名而被動地追蹤與Wi-Fi存取點相關聯之感測器，而無需報告無線裝置向Wi-Fi存取點驗證、與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯或與其建立連接性。依賴於僅恰巧遇到與一或多個感測器相關聯之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個無線裝置的自我報告特徵，可在無固有通信能力之情況下且在不存在通信能力之區域中安置感測器及相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點。因此，可部署一或多個感測器，且可在開放網路中之感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫中報告且維持感測器之感測器資料，該開放網路依賴於僅僅遇到相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個無線裝置來報告感測器資料。The passive sensor tracking method and system are open networks because they use the existing infrastructure inherent in smart phones and smart phone operating systems to report the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access points they encounter And its location to improve the accuracy of location-based services. Advantageously, the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery protocol and the inherent Wi-Fi access point reporting feature of smart phones can be used cooperatively to use publicly accessible Wi-Fi signals and compare to passive scanning applications. The sensor tracking task is to completely anonymously and passively track the sensor associated with the Wi-Fi access point without reporting that the wireless device verifies with the Wi-Fi access point and is related to the Wi-Fi access point Or establish connectivity with it. Relying on the self-reporting characteristics of one or more wireless devices that only happen to encounter one or more Wi-Fi access points associated with one or more sensors can be used without inherent communication capabilities and Place sensors and associated Wi-Fi access points in areas where there is no communication capability. Therefore, one or more sensors can be deployed, and the sensor data of the sensor and/or asset tracking database in the open network can be reported and maintained. The open network relies on only Report sensor data when encountering one or more wireless devices of the associated Wi-Fi access point.

圖1 展示習知的Wi-Fi無線網路100 。Wi-Fi存取點500 有助於無線裝置中之一或多者之間的無線連接性，且在包括整合式路由器之組態中，可充當在無線裝置（例如，120 ，130 ，140 及150 ）與上游網路連接（諸如由寬頻數據機105 提供之網際網路連接）之間的橋接器。在習知使用中，可在一或多個無線裝置（例如，120 ，130 ，140 ，150 ） （包括例如電視120 、電腦130 、平板電腦140 、智慧型電話150 或任何其他無線裝置及習知的Wi-Fi存取點500 ）之間建立無線連接，藉此允許無線裝置（例如，120 ，130 ，140 ，150 ） 經由寬頻數據機105 彼此通信及/或存取網際網路。Wi-Fi存取點500 通常發現於住宅、辦公室及公共場所，其中Wi-Fi存取點通常被稱作Wi-Fi熱點。儘管尚未確定地計數Wi-Fi存取點500 之數目，但咸信，在世界上佈署超過一百三十億個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）。用以映射Wi-Fi信號覆蓋範圍之努力表明大多數現代城市覆蓋有可公開存取之Wi-Fi信號。儘管有上述內容，但所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，習知Wi-Fi無線網路100 不需要寬頻數據機105 、網際網路連接性或任何上游網路連接性，且可純粹用作無線網路以促進在一或多個無線裝置（例如，120 ，130 ，140 ，150 ）之間的無線通信。Figure 1 shows a conventional Wi-Fi wireless network 100 . The Wi-Fi access point 500 facilitates wireless connectivity between one or more of the wireless devices, and in a configuration that includes an integrated router, it can act as a wireless device (for example, 120 , 130 , 140 and 150 ) A bridge between the upstream network connection (such as the Internet connection provided by the broadband modem 105). In conventional use, one or more wireless devices (e.g., 120 , 130 , 140 , 150 ) (including, for example, a TV 120 , a computer 130 , a tablet 140 , a smart phone 150, or any other wireless device and conventional A wireless connection is established between the Wi-Fi access points 500 , thereby allowing wireless devices (for example, 120 , 130 , 140 , 150 ) to communicate with each other and/or access the Internet via the broadband modem 105. Wi-Fi access points 500 are usually found in homes, offices, and public places, among which Wi-Fi access points are usually referred to as Wi-Fi hotspots. Although the number of 500 Wi-Fi access points has not been counted with certainty, it is believed that there are more than 13 billion Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 ) deployed in the world. Efforts to map Wi-Fi signal coverage indicate that most modern cities have Wi-Fi signals that are publicly accessible. Despite the foregoing, those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that the conventional Wi-Fi wireless network 100 does not require a broadband modem 105 , Internet connectivity, or any upstream network connectivity, and can be used purely. As a wireless network to facilitate wireless communication between one or more wireless devices (for example, 120 , 130 , 140 , 150).

圖2A 展示了作為IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分的被動掃描模式200 。Wi-Fi無線網路發現為無線裝置藉以識別Wi-Fi無線網路且潛在地向範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）驗證、與該範圍中Wi-Fi存取點相關聯及與其建立資料交換連接性的過程。在被動掃描模式中，一或多個無線裝置（例如，150 ）偵聽由一或多個範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）以週期性間隔廣播之信標訊框（例如，220a ，220b ，220c ），以宣告其各別Wi-Fi無線網路的存在。信標訊框（例如，220a ，220b ，220c ）為Wi-Fi管理訊框之類型，該Wi-Fi管理訊框包括關於廣播Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之資訊以促進潛在驗證、相關聯及連接性。每一信標訊框（例如，220 ）包括服務集識別符（Service Set Identifier；「SSID」），其典型地為用於廣播Wi-Fi無線網路之使用者給定名稱，及唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之資訊，該資訊包括但不限於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）或其廣播頻帶的唯一基本服務集識別符（Basic Service Set Identifier；「BSSID」）或媒體存取控制（Media Access Control；「MAC」）位址。多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）可共用作為相同無線網路之部分的相同SSID，但每一Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）將具有唯一識別資訊，其包括例如唯一BSSID。此外，在多個頻帶上廣播之雙或多頻帶Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）可具有用於該等存取點在其上廣播之每一頻帶的唯一BSSID。典型地，自管理機構為製造商指派BSSID區塊，以允許製造商對其生產的設備使用BSSID。由此，每一個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）或其頻帶之BSSID應真正地為唯一的且可區別於所有其他BSSID。Figure 2A shows the passive scanning mode 200 as part of the IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process. Wi-Fi wireless network discovery is a way for wireless devices to identify Wi-Fi wireless networks and potentially authenticate with Wi-Fi access points in range (for example, 500 ), be associated with Wi-Fi access points in range, and The process of establishing data exchange connectivity with it. In passive scanning mode, one or more wireless devices (e.g., 150 ) listen for beacon signals broadcast by one or more Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c ) in range at periodic intervals Box (for example, 220a , 220b , 220c ) to declare the existence of their respective Wi-Fi wireless networks. Beacon frames (for example, 220a , 220b , 220c ) are types of Wi-Fi management frames that include information about broadcast Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ) To promote potential verification, correlation, and connectivity. Each beacon frame (for example, 220 ) includes a service set identifier (Service Set Identifier; "SSID"), which is typically a given name for the user who broadcasts the Wi-Fi wireless network and uniquely identifies it Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c ) information, including but not limited to Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c ) or the unique basic service set identifier of its broadcasting frequency band (Basic Service Set Identifier; "BSSID") or Media Access Control ("MAC") address. Multiple Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ) can share the same SSID as part of the same wireless network, but each Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ) will have The unique identification information includes, for example, a unique BSSID. In addition, dual or multi-band Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 ) that broadcast on multiple frequency bands may have a unique BSSID for each frequency band on which the access points broadcast. Typically, the self-management agency assigns a BSSID block to the manufacturer to allow the manufacturer to use the BSSID for the equipment it produces. Therefore, the BSSID of each Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 ) or its frequency band should be truly unique and distinguishable from all other BSSIDs.

在圖中所描繪的實例中，諸如智慧型電話之無線裝置150 可位於（即使僅暫時地）一或多個Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 之廣播範圍內。每一Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 可週期性地廣播其各別信標訊框220a 、220b 、220c ，從而宣佈其各別Wi-Fi無線網路之存在。無線裝置150 可自範圍中Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 偵聽且接收信標訊框220a 、220b 、220c 。在習知應用中，希望加入Wi-Fi無線網路之無線裝置150 的使用者可視情況選擇希望經由其裝置的作業系統加入之Wi-Fi無線網路的有時被稱作網路名稱之SSID。有時，無線裝置150 可自動基於使用者偏好而自動連接至先前經接合Wi-Fi無線網路。一旦建立驗證、相關聯性及連接性，無線裝置150 就可與Wi-Fi存取點500a 通信290 ，從而經由Wi-Fi存取點500a 交換資料且可能存取其他網路，諸如上游網際網路連接（例如，圖1 的105 ）。值得注意的是，被動掃描200 相對於接收範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）的信標訊框（例如，220a ，220b ，220c ）的無線裝置（例如，150 ）係完全匿名的，直至該等無線裝置選擇向特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ）驗證且與其相關聯的此時間。除非且直至無線裝置150 之使用者選擇特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ）及其Wi-Fi無線網路來向其驗證、與其相關聯及與其建立資料連接性，否則無線裝置（例如，150 ）可被動地接收由範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）及其可遇到的任何其他Wi-Fi存取點公開地廣播的Wi-Fi信號，同時保持完全匿名。然而，無線裝置（例如，150 ）記錄關於其遇到的所有Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）之資訊，即使典型地就使用者而言毫不知曉之情況下該等無線裝置不加入無線網路，可利用該無線網路以用於如本文中所較詳細地論述之資產追蹤任務。In the example depicted in the figure, a wireless device 150 such as a smart phone may be located (even if only temporarily) within the broadcast range of one or more Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , 500c. Each Wi-Fi access point 500a , 500b , 500c can periodically broadcast its respective beacon frame 220a , 220b , 220c , thereby announcing the existence of its respective Wi-Fi wireless network. The wireless device 150 can listen to and receive the beacon frames 220a , 220b , and 220c from the Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , and 500c in the range. In the conventional application, the user of the wireless device 150 wishing to join the Wi-Fi wireless network can choose the SSID of the Wi-Fi wireless network that they wish to join via the operating system of their device, sometimes called the network name. . Sometimes, the wireless device 150 can automatically connect to a previously joined Wi-Fi wireless network based on user preferences. Once authentication, association and connectivity are established, the wireless device 150 can communicate 290 with the Wi-Fi access point 500a , thereby exchanging data via the Wi-Fi access point 500a and possibly accessing other networks, such as the upstream Internet Road connection (for example, 105 in Figure 1 ). It is worth noting that the passive scanning 200 is relative to the wireless device (e.g., 150 ) of the beacon frame (e.g., 220a , 220b , 220c ) of the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c) in the receiving range It is completely anonymous until this time when the wireless devices choose to authenticate and associate with a specific Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500a). Unless and until the user of the wireless device 150 selects a specific Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500a ) and its Wi-Fi wireless network to authenticate with, associate with, and establish data connectivity with it, the wireless device (for example, 150 ) It can passively receive Wi-Fi signals publicly broadcasted by Wi-Fi access points in range (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ) and any other Wi-Fi access points that can be encountered, while maintaining completeness anonymous. However, a wireless device (e.g., 150 ) records information about all Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 ) it encounters, even if the wireless device typically does not join the user without knowing it A wireless network can be used for asset tracking tasks as discussed in more detail in this article.

圖2B 展示了作為IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分的主動掃描模式205 。相比於被動掃描模式（例如，圖2A 的200 ），主動掃描模式205 為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之類型，其中無線裝置150 將探測請求訊框230 廣播至在Wi-Fi傳信範圍內的特定（例如，500a ）或所有Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）。探測請求訊框230 為Wi-Fi管理訊框之類型，該Wi-Fi管理訊框可包括關於無線裝置150 希望與其相關聯之特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ）的資訊，該探測請求訊框有時被稱作定向探測請求，或該探測請求訊框可為用於在Wi-Fi傳信範圍內之所有可用的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之探測請求，該探測請求訊框有時被稱作空（null）探測請求。作出回應之範圍中Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 傳輸探測回應訊框240a 、240b 、240c ，該探測回應訊框包括與信標訊框（例如，圖2A 的220 ）實質上類似的資訊，該信標訊框包括該等Wi-Fi存取點之唯一BSSID及各別SSID。Figure 2B shows the active scan mode 205 as part of IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless network discovery. Compared with the passive scanning mode (for example, 200 in FIG. 2A ), the active scanning mode 205 is a type of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process, in which the wireless device 150 broadcasts the detection request frame 230 to the Wi-Fi transmission range Specific (e.g., 500a ) or all Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c ) within. The detection request frame 230 is a type of Wi-Fi management frame. The Wi-Fi management frame may include information about the specific Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500a ) that the wireless device 150 wants to associate with it. The detection The request frame is sometimes called a directional probe request, or the probe request frame can be used for all available Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ) within the Wi-Fi transmission range A probe request. The probe request frame is sometimes called a null probe request. The Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , and 500c in the response range transmit detection response frames 240a , 240b , 240c , and the detection response frames include those substantially similar to the beacon frame (for example, 220 in Figure 2A) Information, the beacon frame includes the unique BSSID and individual SSID of the Wi-Fi access points.

相比於其中每一Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）在特定頻道上廣播其各別信標訊框（例如，圖2A 的220 ）的被動掃描（例如，圖2A 的200 ），在主動掃描模式205 中，無線裝置150 可橫跨用於相關聯頻帶的所有可用頻道來廣播探測請求訊框230 。以此方式，無線裝置150 可例如選擇Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ），其暫時提供最強接收信號強度及品質。然而，即使當特定無線裝置150 向特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ）驗證且與其相關聯時，無線裝置150 亦可離開頻道且繼續在其他頻道上發送探測請求訊框（例如，230 ）。藉由繼續主動地探測Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ），無線裝置150 可維持已知Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之清單，其可在該無線裝置150 移出當前相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ）之範圍或需要較佳連接之情況下有助於漫遊。相比於被動掃描模式（例如，圖2A 的200 ），主動掃描模式205 僅需要無線裝置150 在指定頻帶內在特定頻道上發送探測請求訊框230 且接著相較於被動掃描（例如，圖2 的200 ）而偵聽相對較小時間量。由此，相較於被動掃描操作（例如，圖2A 的200 ）的廣播性質，主動掃描205 為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程呈現較直接且針對性的方法。Compared to passive scanning (for example, 200 in FIG. 2A ) where each Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 ) broadcasts its respective beacon frame (for example, 220 in FIG. 2A) on a specific channel, In the active scan mode 205 , the wireless device 150 can broadcast a probe request frame 230 across all available channels for the associated frequency band. In this way, the wireless device 150 can, for example, select a Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500a ), which temporarily provides the strongest received signal strength and quality. However, even when a particular wireless device 150 to a particular Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500A) and associated with authentication, the wireless device 150 may leave the channel and continue to send probe requests information on another channel frame (e.g., 230 ). By continuing to actively detect Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c ), the wireless device 150 can maintain a list of known Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c ), which can be The wireless device 150 moves out of the range of the currently associated Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500a ) or facilitates roaming when a better connection is required. Compared to passive scanning (e.g., 200 of FIG. 2A), only the 205 active scanning mode requires a wireless device 150 transmits a probe request frame information inherent in the specific channel designated frequency band 230 and then compared to a passive scan (e.g., FIG. 2 200 ) while listening is relatively small in amount of time. Therefore, compared with the broadcast nature of the passive scanning operation (for example, 200 in FIG. 2A ), the active scanning 205 presents a more direct and targeted method for the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process.

圖2C 展示了作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分的典型地在無線裝置150 與Wi-Fi存取點500 之間交換的IEEE 802.11之管理訊框210 之序列。無線裝置150 必須成功地識別（例如，220 ，230 ，240 ）Wi-Fi存取點500 、向該Wi-Fi存取點驗證（例如，250 ，260 ）及與其相關聯（例如，270 ，280 ）以便在該協定下傳輸含有資料之資料訊框（例如，290 ）。如先前所論述，Wi-Fi無線網路發現係指無線裝置150 藉以典型地識別Wi-Fi無線網路、向範圍中Wi-Fi存取點500 驗證（例如，250 ，260 ）、與該範圍中Wi-Fi存取點相關聯（例如，270 ，280 ）且與其建立資料連接性（例如，290 ）以使得能夠與其他裝置及諸如網際網路105 之上游網路連接進行資料轉移之過程。 2C shows a sequence of IEEE 802.11 management frames 210 typically exchanged between wireless device 150 and Wi-Fi access point 500 as part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process. The wireless device 150 must successfully identify (e.g., 220 , 230 , 240 ) the Wi-Fi access point 500 , authenticate to the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 250 , 260 ), and be associated with it (e.g., 270 , 280) ) In order to transmit data frames containing data under this agreement (for example, 290 ). As previously discussed, Wi-Fi wireless network discovery means that the wireless device 150 typically recognizes the Wi-Fi wireless network, authenticates to the Wi-Fi access point 500 in the range (for example, 250 , 260 ), and the range The Wi-Fi access point is associated (for example, 270 , 280 ) and establishes data connectivity (for example, 290 ) with it to enable data transfer with other devices and upstream network connections such as the Internet 105.

IEEE 802.11標準指定三種不同類型之訊框：管理訊框，資料訊框及控制訊框，其中之每一者在該協定下用於特定目的。舉例而言，管理訊框用於包括Wi-Fi無線網路發現之監督功能，資料訊框一旦經驗證且相關聯就用於傳輸資料，且控制訊框用於控制資料之傳輸。如上文所提及，IEEE 802.11標準指定兩個不同情境，其中作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分，無線裝置150 可識別Wi-Fi存取點500 、向Wi-Fi存取點驗證、與其相關聯且與其建立資料連接性。The IEEE 802.11 standard specifies three different types of frames: management frames, data frames, and control frames, each of which is used for a specific purpose under the agreement. For example, the management frame is used to include the monitoring function of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, the data frame is used to transmit data once it is verified and associated, and the control frame is used to control the transmission of data. As mentioned above, the IEEE 802.11 standard specifies two different scenarios. As part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process, the wireless device 150 can identify the Wi-Fi access point 500 , authenticate to the Wi-Fi access point, Associate with it and establish data connectivity with it.

在被動掃描模式中，無線裝置150 偵聽信標訊框220 ，其為一種類型的管理訊框且由範圍中Wi-Fi存取點500 以週期性間隔來廣播。信標訊框220 宣佈Wi-Fi無線網路及相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點500 之存在，且包括有助於潛在驗證、相關聯性及最終的資料傳輸之資訊。舉例而言，該資訊包括廣播Wi-Fi存取點500 之BSSID及SSID。舉例而言，無線裝置150 （在此實例中為智慧型電話）之使用者可開啟其裝置上之無線應用程式，查看對應於正廣播其各別信標訊框（例如，220 ）之範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）的SSID之一清單，且選擇其希望加入之Wi-Fi無線網路及相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點500 的特定SSID。當使用者選擇特定Wi-Fi存取點500 之SSID時，無線裝置150 將為另一種類型之管理訊框之探測請求訊框230 傳輸至包括無線裝置150 之能力的特定Wi-Fi存取點500 。在主動掃描模式中，在不必接收信標訊框220 之情況下，無線裝置150 可將包括無線裝置150 之能力的探測請求訊框230傳輸至範圍中之特定Wi-Fi存取點500 或所有Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）。由此，Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程可由廣播信標訊框220 之Wi-Fi存取點500 或傳輸探測請求訊框230 之無線裝置150 來發起。不管由哪一者發起，驗證及相關聯協定之其餘部分實質上相同。In the passive scanning mode, the wireless device 150 listens to the beacon frame 220 , which is a type of management frame and is broadcast by the Wi-Fi access points 500 in range at periodic intervals. The beacon frame 220 announces the existence of the Wi-Fi wireless network and the associated Wi-Fi access point 500 , and includes information that facilitates potential verification, relevance, and final data transmission. For example, the information includes the BSSID and SSID of the broadcast Wi-Fi access point 500. For example, a user of the wireless device 150 (a smart phone in this example) can open the wireless application on his device to view the area corresponding to the respective beacon frame (for example, 220 ) being broadcast A list of SSIDs of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 ), and select the Wi-Fi wireless network it wants to join and the specific SSID of the associated Wi-Fi access point 500. When the user selects the SSID of a specific Wi-Fi access point 500 , the wireless device 150 will transmit the detection request frame 230 of another type of management frame to the specific Wi-Fi access point that includes the capabilities of the wireless device 150 500 . In the active scanning mode, without the need to receive the beacon frame 220 , the wireless device 150 can transmit the detection request frame 230 including the capabilities of the wireless device 150 to a specific Wi-Fi access point 500 or all of the Wi-Fi access points in the range. Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 ). Thus, the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process can be initiated by the Wi-Fi access point 500 of the broadcast beacon frame 220 or the wireless device 150 that transmits the detection request frame 230. Regardless of who initiated it, the rest of the verification and associated agreements are essentially the same.

在接收探測請求訊框230 之後，若Wi-Fi存取點500 具有相容參數，則Wi-Fi存取點500 將為另一種類型之管理訊框之探測回應訊框240 傳輸至無線裝置150 。探測回應訊框240 包括典型地包括於信標訊框220 中之參數，該信標訊框包括唯一識別資訊及Wi-Fi存取點500 之能力。值得注意的是，在過程之此階段，無線裝置150 未向Wi-Fi存取點500 驗證，且不與其相關聯，並且不能夠在該協定下在資料訊框290 中傳輸資料。在接收探測回應訊框240 之後，無線裝置150 將為另一種類型之管理訊框之驗證請求訊框250 傳輸至Wi-Fi存取點500 。驗證協定確立無線裝置150 是否向Wi-Fi存取點500 驗證，亦即，確保關於加密（開放或共用密鑰加密）的權限或存取。在不論述驗證協定之細節（此對於描述要求保護的發明之目的並非必要的）之情況下，值得注意的是，無線裝置150 典型地直至其已經成功地向Wi-Fi存取點500 驗證才能繼續進行相關聯及資料轉移，如為另一種類型之管理訊框之驗證回應訊框260 所表示，從而確認成功驗證。After receiving the detection request frame 230 , if the Wi-Fi access point 500 has compatible parameters, the Wi-Fi access point 500 will transmit the detection response frame 240 of another type of management frame to the wireless device 150 . The probe response frame 240 includes parameters typically included in the beacon frame 220 , which includes unique identification information and the capabilities of the Wi-Fi access point 500. It is worth noting that at this stage of the process, the wireless device 150 has not authenticated with the Wi-Fi access point 500 and is not associated with it, and cannot transmit data in the data frame 290 under this protocol. After receiving the detection response frame 240 , the wireless device 150 will transmit the verification request frame 250 of another type of management frame to the Wi-Fi access point 500 . The authentication protocol establishes whether the wireless device 150 authenticates to the Wi-Fi access point 500 , that is, to ensure the authority or access to encryption (open or shared key encryption). Without discussing the details of the authentication protocol (which is not necessary for the purpose of describing the claimed invention), it is worth noting that the wireless device 150 typically does not work until it has successfully authenticated to the Wi-Fi access point 500. Continue with the association and data transfer, as indicated by the verification response frame 260 of another type of management frame, so as to confirm the successful verification.

一旦向Wi-Fi存取點500 驗證，無線裝置150 就將為另一種類型之管理訊框之相關聯請求訊框270 傳輸至Wi-Fi存取點500 。相關聯請求訊框270 表示經驗證但尚未相關聯之無線裝置150 之請求，以與Wi-Fi存取點500 相關聯且使得能夠經由資料訊框290 進行資料轉移。相關聯請求270 包括資訊，其包括例如無線裝置150 之能力。在接收相關聯請求270 之後，Wi-Fi存取點500 比較相關聯請求270 中所闡述之能力與Wi-Fi存取點500 之能力以判定其是否匹配。若存在不匹配，則Wi-Fi存取點500 判定該等差異是否為防止相關聯及資料轉移之問題。若該等差異並非實質性的，則Wi-Fi存取點500 傳輸為另一種類型之管理訊框之相關聯回應280 ，從而確認成功相關聯。一旦接收表示與Wi-Fi存取點500 之成功相關聯的相關聯回應280 ，無線裝置150 就可與Wi-Fi存取點500 在資料訊框中在該協定下交換資料290 ，該等資料訊框經由橋接網路連接（典型地為網際網路105 ）經路由至其最終目的地。值得注意的是，為了使無線裝置150 運用Wi-Fi存取點500 而非管理訊框傳輸資料，無線裝置150 必須向Wi-Fi存取點500 進行驗證，且與其相關聯，藉此使得無線裝置150 能夠傳輸及接收資料290 。且類似地，直至無線裝置150 已經向Wi-Fi存取點500 進行驗證且與其相關聯，Wi-Fi存取點500 才能將資料訊框290 中之資料轉移至無線裝置150 。Once authenticated to the Wi-Fi access point 500 , the wireless device 150 will transmit the associated request frame 270 of another type of management frame to the Wi-Fi access point 500 . The association request frame 270 represents a request from a verified but not yet associated wireless device 150 to associate with the Wi-Fi access point 500 and enable data transfer via the data frame 290. The association request 270 includes information including, for example, the capabilities of the wireless device 150. After receiving the association request 270 , the Wi-Fi access point 500 compares the capabilities stated in the association request 270 with the capabilities of the Wi-Fi access point 500 to determine whether they match. If there is a mismatch, the Wi-Fi access point 500 determines whether the difference is a problem of preventing association and data transfer. If the difference is not substantial, the Wi-Fi access point 500 transmits an associated response 280 that is another type of management frame to confirm the successful association. Upon receiving the association response 280 indicating the successful association with the Wi-Fi access point 500 , the wireless device 150 can exchange data 290 with the Wi-Fi access point 500 in the data frame under the agreement. The frame is routed to its final destination via a bridged network connection (typically the Internet 105). It is worth noting that in order for the wireless device 150 to use the Wi-Fi access point 500 instead of managing the frame to transmit data, the wireless device 150 must authenticate with the Wi-Fi access point 500 and be associated with it, thereby enabling the wireless The device 150 can transmit and receive data 290 . And similarly, until the wireless device 150 has been authenticated to the access point 500 and Wi-Fi associated therewith, Wi-Fi access point 500 can transfer the data frame 290 of data to the wireless device 150.

圖3A 展示了IEEE 802.11管理訊框之子類型。在習知的管理訊框（例如，圖3B 的300 ）中，第一八位元組被定義為訊框控制欄位（例如，圖3B 的310 ）。訊框控制欄位（例如，圖3B的310）之前三個子欄位存在於所有IEEE 802.11訊框中，且包括協定版本（圖中未示）、訊框之類型及訊框之子類型。訊框子欄位之類型指示訊框係管理訊框、資料訊框抑或控制訊框。訊框子欄位之子類型指示該類型內之訊框的特定子類型。在該圖中，展示管理訊框之各種子類型。子類型位元310 表示由子類型描述320 描述之二元經編碼子類型。出於以下論述之目的，將重點放在管理訊框之信標訊框及探測回應訊框子類型上。儘管如此，如可由管理訊框之經列舉清單看出，可根據本發明之一或多個具體實例使用用於監督目的之其他管理訊框，其與藉由Wi-Fi無線裝置（例如，150 ）之識別、驗證及相關聯相關。Figure 3A shows the sub-types of IEEE 802.11 management frames. In the conventional management frame (for example, 300 in FIG. 3B ), the first octet is defined as the frame control field (for example, 310 in FIG. 3B ). The first three sub-fields of the frame control field (for example, 310 in FIG. 3B) exist in all IEEE 802.11 frames, and include the protocol version (not shown in the figure), the type of the frame, and the sub-types of the frame. The type of the frame sub-field indicates whether the frame is a management frame, a data frame, or a control frame. The subtype of the frame subfield indicates the specific subtype of the frame within that type. In this figure, various sub-types of management frames are shown. The subtype bit 310 represents the binary coded subtype described by the subtype description 320. For the purpose of the following discussion, we will focus on the beacon frame and detection response frame subtypes of the management frame. Nevertheless, as can be seen from the enumerated list of management frames, other management frames for supervisory purposes can be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, which are similar to those used by Wi-Fi wireless devices (e.g., 150 ) Identification, verification and correlation.

圖3B 展示了表示在無線裝置（例如，150 ）與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）之間轉移的管理訊框之類型之習知IEEE 802.11之管理訊框300 之結構。習知的管理訊框300 包括數個預定欄位，其出於其協定定義之目的由規範定義。舉例而言，管理訊框300 之MAC標頭305 包括訊框控制（Frame Control；「FC」）欄位310 、持續時間（Duration；「DU」）欄位315 、目的地位址（Destination Address；「DA」）欄位320 、源位址（Source Address；「SA」）欄位325 、BSSID330 ，及序列控制（Sequence Control；「SC」）欄位335 。管理訊框300 進一步包括訊框本體欄位340 ，其包括數個子欄位，該等子欄位包括可基於管理訊框300 之子類型（例如，圖3A 的310 ）而變化之一些子欄位。舉例而言，訊框本體欄位340 包括必選子欄位350 ，其包括時戳子欄位360 、信標間隔（Beacon Interval；「BI」）子欄位365 、相容性資訊（Compatibility Information；「CI」）子欄位370 、SSID子欄位375 及可能支援的速率子欄位（圖中未示）。訊框本體欄位340 亦可包括一或多個視情況選用之子欄位355 ，其亦可基於管理訊框300 之子類型（例如，圖3A 的310 ）而變化。管理訊框300 之末端包括訊框檢查序列（Frame Check Sequence；「FCS」）欄位345 ，其包括偵錯碼。出於進一步識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）、向Wi-Fi存取點進行驗證且與其相關聯的目的，在Wi-Fi無線網路發現期間，信標訊框、探測回應訊框及其他管理訊框係呈習知的管理訊框300 之形式。 3B shows the structure of the conventional IEEE 802.11 management frame 300 representing the type of management frame transferred between the wireless device (eg, 150 ) and the Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500). The conventional management frame 300 includes a number of predetermined fields, which are defined by specifications for the purpose of its agreement definition. For example, the MAC header 305 of the management frame 300 includes a frame control (Frame Control; "FC") field 310 , a duration (Duration; "DU") field 315 , and a destination address (Destination Address; "DA") field 320 , source address (Source Address; "SA") field 325 , BSSID 330 , and sequence control (Sequence Control; "SC") field 335 . The management frame 300 further includes a frame body field 340 , which includes several sub-fields, and the sub-fields include some sub-fields that can be changed based on the sub-type of the management frame 300 (for example, 310 in FIG. 3A ). For example, the frame body field 340 includes a required sub-field 350 , which includes a time stamp sub-field 360 , a beacon interval (Beacon Interval; "BI") sub-field 365 , and compatibility information (Compatibility Information). ; "CI") sub-field 370 , SSID sub-field 375, and possibly supported rate sub-fields (not shown in the figure). The frame body field 340 may also include one or more optional sub-fields 355 , which may also vary based on the sub-type of the management frame 300 (for example, 310 in FIG. 3A ). The end of the management frame 300 includes a Frame Check Sequence ("FCS") field 345 , which includes an error detection code. For the purpose of further identifying the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 ), verifying the Wi-Fi access point and being associated with it, during the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, the beacon frame and the detection response signal The frame and other management frames are in the form of the conventional management frame 300 .

圖4A 展示了可用於判定無線裝置（例如，150 ）及一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之位置之各種技術。無線裝置150 可為如實例中所描繪的智慧型電話或任何其他類型或種類之無線裝置，可與一或多個單元塔410 建立蜂巢式連接，該蜂巢式連接（在無線裝置具有蜂巢式能力之情況下）提供蜂巢式網路連接性。在一些情況下，與特定單元塔410 之經建立連接可用於在特定蜂巢式塔410 之可判定半徑內建立無線裝置150 之位置。此外，與一或多個單元塔410 之連接性模式可用於在可判定半徑內建立無線裝置150 之位置或甚至可能移動。然而，此等技術很少在執法之外使用。實情為，無線裝置150 典型地依賴於GPS信號以判定其自身的位置。大多數無線裝置150 包括GPS接收器（不單獨展示），其能夠自地球軌道中之一或多個GPS衛星（例如，420a ，420b ，420c ）接收一或多個GPS信號（圖中未示）。典型地，無論無線裝置（例如，150 ）位於何處，在全球任何地方，至少有四個GPS衛星（例如，420 ）在頭頂上對無線裝置可見。每一GPS衛星420a 、420b 、420c 以規律時間間隔傳輸GPS信號（圖中未示），其包括關於衛星之當前位置及當前時間之資訊。無線裝置150 之GPS接收器接收此等GPS信號中之一或多者，且部分地基於每一各別GPS信號到達所花費之時間來計算GPS接收器與每一衛星420a 、420b 、420c 之距離。若無線裝置150 自至少三個GPS衛星420a 、420b 、420c 接收GPS信號，則可以較高準確度藉由被稱作三邊量測之過程來判定無線裝置150 之位置。可連續地、週期性地或在執行需要位置服務之軟體（諸如導航軟體或用於搜索附近地點之網頁瀏覽器）後判定無線裝置150 之GPS衍生的位置。在開闊的天空及良好的條件下，GPS的準確度在大致16呎的半徑內，但在結構及障礙物附近會惡化。FIG. 4A shows various techniques that can be used to determine the location of a wireless device (for example, 150 ) and one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ). The wireless device 150 can be a smart phone as depicted in the example or any other type or kind of wireless device, and can establish a cellular connection with one or more cell towers 410 , which is a cellular connection (the wireless device has cellular capabilities). Under the circumstances) provide cellular network connectivity. In some cases, the established connection with the specific cell tower 410 can be used to establish the location of the wireless device 150 within the determinable radius of the specific cellular tower 410. In addition, the connectivity mode with one or more cell towers 410 can be used to establish the location of the wireless device 150 within a determinable radius or even possible movement. However, these technologies are rarely used outside of law enforcement. The reality is that the wireless device 150 typically relies on GPS signals to determine its own location. Most wireless devices 150 include a GPS receiver (not shown separately), which can receive one or more GPS signals (not shown in the figure) from one or more GPS satellites in earth orbit (for example, 420a , 420b , 420c) . Typically, no matter where the wireless device (eg, 150 ) is located, anywhere in the world, at least four GPS satellites (eg, 420 ) are visible to the wireless device overhead. Each GPS satellite 420a , 420b , 420c transmits a GPS signal (not shown in the figure) at regular time intervals, which includes information about the satellite's current position and current time. The GPS receiver of the wireless device 150 receives one or more of these GPS signals, and calculates the distance between the GPS receiver and each satellite 420a , 420b , 420c based in part on the time it takes for each individual GPS signal to arrive . If the wireless device 150 receives GPS signals from at least three GPS satellites 420a , 420b , and 420c , the location of the wireless device 150 can be determined with high accuracy through a process called trilateral measurement. The GPS-derived location of the wireless device 150 can be determined continuously, periodically, or after executing software that requires location services (such as navigation software or a web browser for searching nearby locations). Under open sky and good conditions, GPS accuracy is within a radius of approximately 16 feet, but it will deteriorate near structures and obstacles.

在一些狀況下，無線裝置150 可使用一或多個範圍中Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 以提高GPS位置判定之準確度，且在GPS不可用時之情況中，僅基於Wi-Fi定位判定其位置。作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分，無線裝置150 典型地判定由範圍中Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 廣播之Wi-Fi信號的有時被稱作接收信號強度指示（Received Signal Strength Indication；「RSSI」）之接收信號強度。出於此論述的目的，假設已經在一定程度之準確性上已知一或多個Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 之位置，經識別Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 及接收信號強度可用於改進GPS位置判定之準確度，且在GPS不可用時之情況中，僅基於Wi-Fi定位來判定無線裝置150 之位置。舉例而言，Wi-Fi存取點500a 之已知位置及/或自其接收之Wi-Fi信號的接收信號強度可單獨使用或結合其他Wi-Fi存取點500b 、500c 之已知位置及/或接收信號強度使用，以藉由一或多個過程來改進或判定無線裝置150 之位置，該等過程諸如RSSI、指紋識別、到達角、飛行時間或包括三邊量測及三角量測之其他定位技術。值得注意的是，在不需要無線裝置150 向任何特定Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 驗證、與任何特定Wi-Fi存取點相關聯或以其他方式與其建立連接性之情況下，來判定由無線裝置150 自一或多個Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 接收之Wi-Fi信號的接收信號強度。由此，無線裝置（例如，150 ）可接收無線裝置不使用或另外地以任何方式與其相關聯之範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之公開地廣播之Wi-Fi信號。In some cases, the wireless device 150 can use one or more Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , 500c in the range to improve the accuracy of GPS location determination, and when GPS is not available, only Wi-Fi access points are used. Fi positioning determines its location. As part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process, the wireless device 150 typically determines that the Wi-Fi signals broadcast by the Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , 500c in range are sometimes referred to as received signal strength indicators (Received). Signal Strength Indication; "RSSI") the received signal strength. For the purpose of this discussion, it is assumed that the location of one or more Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , 500c has been known to a certain degree of accuracy, and the Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , 500c, and The received signal strength can be used to improve the accuracy of GPS location determination, and when GPS is not available, the location of the wireless device 150 can be determined only based on Wi-Fi positioning. For example, the known location of Wi-Fi access point 500a and/or the received signal strength of Wi-Fi signals received from it can be used alone or in combination with the known locations of other Wi-Fi access points 500b , 500c and / Or the received signal strength is used to improve or determine the position of the wireless device 150 through one or more processes, such as RSSI, fingerprint recognition, angle of arrival, flight time or including trilateral measurement and triangulation measurement Other positioning technologies. It is worth noting that, without the need for the wireless device 150 to authenticate with any specific Wi-Fi access point 500a , 500b , 500c , be associated with any specific Wi-Fi access point, or otherwise establish connectivity with it, To determine the received signal strength of the Wi-Fi signal received by the wireless device 150 from one or more Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , and 500c. Thus, the wireless device (e.g., 150 ) can receive the Wi-Fi publicly broadcasted by the Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500a , 500b , 500c ) in the range that the wireless device does not use or otherwise associated with it in any way. Fi signal.

繼續，圖4B 展示了無線裝置150 之圖，該無線裝置將其遇到之Wi-Fi存取點500a 、500b 、500c 之觀測報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫1030 。在圖4A 之論述中，假設在一定程度的準確性上已知一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之位置。此假設成立，此係因為無線裝置（例如，150 ）將其遇到之任何範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）以及位置資訊報告給原始設備製造商、作業系統開發者及/或第三方軟體開發者，其維持Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之觀測的資料庫，其在本文中被稱作Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 。Wi-Fi AP資料庫1030 儲存Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500a ，500b ，500c ）之經報告的觀測資料430 ，該等Wi-Fi存取點通常用於增強終端使用者之位置服務（例如，顯著位置，基於位置之建議，基於位置之警示，吾附近流行之內容等等）。雖然此使無線裝置150 之使用者在提供改善之服務中受益，但每一無線裝置（例如，150 ）典型地在就使用者而言無意識之情況下在持續且連續的基礎上報告關於其遇到的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）之位置的資訊。舉例而言，此通常作為例如Apple® iOS® 、Google® Android® 或Microsoft® 基於位置之服務之部分在背景執行，且其典型地可供第三方軟體開發者用於商業用途。另外，許多第三方軟體公司維持其自身的包括一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）之唯一識別資訊及位置資訊之觀測資料的Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 ，該等Wi-Fi存取點中之一些經由收費在商業上提供對其資料庫之存取。舉例而言，Cisco Systems® 、Facebook® 、WhatsApp® 、X-Mode® 、Ruckus® 及Skyhook® 提供Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 之商業版本。值得注意的是，典型地，藉由可公開存取之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）信號且根據大多數智慧型電話之使用的條款與條件而匿名地獲得儲存於此類資料庫中之資訊，該等智慧型電話典型地為使用者提供放棄參與此類服務的選項。此外，典型地，觀測資料之報告係匿名的，且不維持報告無線裝置150 之記錄。因此，無線裝置150 （諸如智慧型電話）之每一使用者常常在就使用者而言未意識到其在如此做之情況下，在持續且連續的基礎上將其遇到的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）之觀測資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 ，然而，使用者在瀏覽網頁以查找附近產品或其他位置服務時受益於增強的位置判定。根據本文中較詳細描述的本發明之一或多個具體實例，可利用此行為以使用智慧型電話中固有的現有基礎設施來報告感測器資料。Continuing, FIG. 4B shows a diagram of the wireless device 150. The wireless device reports the observations of the Wi-Fi access points 500a , 500b , and 500c encountered by the wireless device to the Wi-Fi AP database 1030 . In the discussion of FIG. 4A , it is assumed that the location of one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ) is known to a certain degree of accuracy. This assumption is true because the wireless device (e.g., 150 ) reports any Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 ) and location information it encounters to the original equipment manufacturer, operating system developer, and/or A third-party software developer who maintains a database of observations of Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ), which is referred to as Wi-Fi AP database 1130 in this article. The Wi-Fi AP database 1030 stores the reported observation data 430 of Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500a , 500b , 500c ), and these Wi-Fi access points are usually used to enhance the location services of end users ( For example, significant locations, location-based suggestions, location-based warnings, popular content near me, etc.). Although this benefits users of the wireless device 150 in providing improved services, each wireless device (eg, 150 ) typically reports information about their encounters on a continuous and continuous basis without the user’s awareness. Information about the location of one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500) that were reached. For example, this is usually implemented in the background as part of a location-based service such as Apple ® iOS ® , Google ® Android ® or Microsoft ® , and it is typically available for commercial use by third-party software developers. In addition, many third-party software companies maintain their own Wi-Fi AP database 1130 that includes the unique identification information and location information of one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500). Some of the Fi access points provide commercial access to their database through a fee. For example, Cisco Systems ® , Facebook ® , WhatsApp ® , X-Mode ® , Ruckus ® and Skyhook ® provide commercial versions of Wi-Fi AP database 1130. It’s worth noting that, typically, it is stored in such databases anonymously by means of publicly accessible Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 ) signals and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the use of most smart phones. In the information, these smart phones typically provide users with the option to give up participating in such services. In addition, typically, the report of the observation data is anonymous, and the record of the reporting wireless device 150 is not maintained. Therefore, each user of the wireless device 150 (such as a smart phone) often stores the Wi-Fi encountered by the user on a continuous and continuous basis without realizing that the user is doing so. Observation data of points (for example, 500 ) are reported to Wi-Fi AP database 1130. However, users benefit from enhanced location determination when browsing the web to find nearby products or other location services. According to one or more specific examples of the present invention described in more detail herein, this behavior can be used to report sensor data using the existing infrastructure inherent in smart phones.

圖5 展示了習知的Wi-Fi存取點500 之方塊圖。習知的Wi-Fi存取點500 包括其上安置有複數個組件之一或多個剛性印刷電路板（Printed Circuit Board；「PCB」）502 。Wi-Fi存取點500 典型地包括：處理器504 ，其充當裝置之主要計算及處理引擎；唯讀記憶體（read-only memory；「ROM」）506 ，其包括控管裝置之啟動及核心功能性的軟體指令；靜態隨機存取記憶體（Static Random Access Memory；「SRAM」）508 ，其在運行時間期間儲存資料及指令；及聯合測試行動群組（Joint Test Action Group；「JTAG」）510 介面，其用於對裝置除錯。Wi-Fi存取點500 包括：Wi-Fi MAC512 ，其實施完整的IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi MAC協定；及Wi-Fi基頻處理器514 ，其管理裝置之無線電功能性。Wi-Fi存取點500 包括：射頻（radio frequency；「RF」）接收器518 ，其將RF信號解調為基頻信號且將基頻信號其轉換為數位域；RF傳輸器520 ，其將基頻信號調變為RF信號且將RF信號驅動至天線（圖中未示）上；及時脈產生器516 ，其產生用於接收器518 及傳輸器520 之時脈信號。為了在該協定下的驗證（例如，圖2C 之250 、260 ）之安全性及實施，Wi-Fi存取點500 包括亂數產生器（random number generator；「RNG」）522 、基於雜湊之訊息驗證碼（Hash-based Message Authentication Code；「HMAC」）524 、進階加密標準（Advanced Encryption Standard；「AES」）密碼加密加速器528 、Rivest-Shamir-Adleman（Rivest-Shamir-Adleman；「RSA」）密碼加密加速器530 ，及保全雜湊演算法（Secure Hash Algorithm；「SHA」）532 密碼加密加速器，及可能其他者。數位簽名526 以及快閃加密及安全啟動簽名534 可用於在啟動時或在運行時間期間保護裝置之軟體的完整性。FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a conventional Wi-Fi access point 500. The conventional Wi-Fi access point 500 includes one or more rigid printed circuit boards (Printed Circuit Board; “PCB”) 502 on which a plurality of components are arranged. The Wi-Fi access point 500 typically includes: a processor 504 , which serves as the main calculation and processing engine of the device; read-only memory ("ROM") 506 , which includes the boot and core of the control device Functional software instructions; Static Random Access Memory (“SRAM”) 508 , which stores data and instructions during runtime; and Joint Test Action Group (“JTAG”) 510 interface, which is used to debug the device. The Wi-Fi access point 500 includes: Wi-Fi MAC 512 , which implements the complete IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi MAC protocol; and Wi-Fi baseband processor 514 , which manages the radio functionality of the device. The Wi-Fi access point 500 includes: a radio frequency ("RF") receiver 518 , which demodulates the RF signal into a baseband signal and converts the baseband signal into a digital domain; an RF transmitter 520 , which converts The fundamental frequency signal is modulated into an RF signal and drives the RF signal to an antenna (not shown in the figure); a clock generator 516 , which generates clock signals for the receiver 518 and the transmitter 520. For the security and implementation of verification under the protocol (for example, 250 and 260 in Figure 2C ), the Wi-Fi access point 500 includes a random number generator ("RNG") 522 and hash-based information Hash-based Message Authentication Code ("HMAC") 524 , Advanced Encryption Standard ("AES") password encryption accelerator 528 , Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman; "RSA") Cryptographic accelerator 530 , and Secure Hash Algorithm ("SHA") 532 cryptographic accelerator, and possibly others. The digital signature 526 and the flash encryption and secure boot signature 534 can be used to protect the integrity of the device's software at startup or during runtime.

Wi-Fi存取點500 典型地包括用於對裝置進行快閃、程式化、除錯、控制或操作之複數個周邊介面，該裝置包括通用異步接收器-傳輸器（Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter；「UART」）536 、I2 C538 、I2 S540 、串列周邊介面（Serial Peripheral Interface；「SPI」）543 、通用串列匯流排（Universal Serial Bus；「USB 」）On the Go（On the Go；「OTG」）544 ，及紅外線遙控（infrared remote control；「RMT」）546 。另外，Wi-Fi存取點500 包括數位至類比轉換器（Digital-to-Analog Converter；「DAC」）548 、類比至數位轉換器（Analog-to-Digital Converter；「ADC」）550 、複數個通用輸入及輸出（General Purpose Inputs and Outputs；「GPIO」）552 、發光二極體（Light Emitting Diode；「LED」）介面554 、液晶顯示器（Liquid Crystal Display；「LCD」）介面556 ，及一或多個感測器558 。另外，Wi-Fi存取點500 包括各種內務處理組件，包括例如典型地用於將裝置自低功率狀態喚醒之協同處理器560 、用以保持時間之即時時脈（real time clock；「RTC」）562 、用以控制裝置之功率狀態的功率管理單元（Power Management Unit；「PMU」）564 ，及為裝置供電的電源566 。經組裝之PCB502 及安置在其上的組件典型地安置於機械殼體（圖中未示）內，該機械殼體包括一或多個外部天線（圖中未示）。The Wi-Fi access point 500 typically includes a plurality of peripheral interfaces for flashing, programming, debugging, controlling, or operating a device, and the device includes a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter; "UART") 536 , I 2 C 538 , I 2 S 540 , Serial Peripheral Interface ("SPI") 543 , Universal Serial Bus ("USB") On the Go (On the Go; "OTG") 544 , and infrared remote control ("RMT") 546 . In addition, the Wi-Fi access point 500 includes a digital-to-analog converter (“DAC”) 548 , an analog-to-digital converter (“ADC”) 550 , and a plurality of General Purpose Inputs and Outputs (“GPIO”) 552 , Light Emitting Diode (“LED”) interface 554 , Liquid Crystal Display (“LCD”) interface 556 , and one or Multiple sensors 558 . In addition, the Wi-Fi access point 500 includes various housekeeping components, including, for example, a co-processor 560 that is typically used to wake the device from a low-power state, and a real time clock ("RTC") for keeping time. 562 , a Power Management Unit ("PMU") 564 for controlling the power state of the device, and a power supply 566 for powering the device. The assembled PCB 502 and the components placed on it are typically housed in a mechanical housing (not shown in the figure) which includes one or more external antennas (not shown in the figure).

圖6 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之偽Wi-Fi存取點600 的方塊圖。認識到習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）之完整功能性對於感測器追蹤任務可能並非必要的事實，且進一步認識到許多感測器追蹤應用可受益於在較小且可能唯一的佔據面積中具有縮減的功率消耗之裝置的事實，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，虛設或偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可用於感測器追蹤任務。FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. Recognize the fact that the complete functionality of conventional Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 in Figure 5 ) may not be necessary for sensor tracking tasks, and further recognize that many sensor tracking applications can benefit from the The fact that it is a small and possibly the only device with reduced power consumption in an occupied area, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, a dummy or pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 can be used for sensor tracking tasks.

出於本記載內容的目的，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 為任一裝置，其能夠藉由廣播包括該裝置之唯一識別資訊及額外資訊之信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框（圖中未示）來參與Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之至少一部分，但不需要該裝置在該協定下參與驗證（例如，圖2C 的250 、260 ）、相關聯（例如，圖2C 的270 、280 ）或資料轉移（例如，圖2C 的290 ）。本質上，僅需要偽Wi-Fi存取點600 參與Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之一部分，從而使得一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）能夠觀測偽Wi-Fi存取點600且報告與偽Wi-Fi存取點600 之相遇，如同其為真正的習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）。自遇到偽Wi-Fi存取點600 之一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）之視角來看，至少就識別而言，其可呈現為真正的習知Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）。由此，以作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分而習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）將會傳送其自身的唯一識別資訊（例如，其BSSID）之類似方式，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可至少將其唯一識別資訊（例如，BSSID）及額外資料傳達至一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ），藉此實現感測器追蹤任務，而無需更多。For the purpose of this description, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 is any device that can broadcast a beacon frame that includes the device’s unique identification information and additional information (for example, 220 or Figure 2C 220s 8), the probe response frame information (e.g., 240 of FIG. 2C or FIG 240s 8), or other management frame (not shown) to participate in the Wi-Fi wireless network at least a part of the process of discovery, but need not be The device participates in verification (for example, 250 and 260 in FIG. 2C ), association (for example, 270 and 280 in FIG. 2C ) or data transfer (for example, 290 in FIG. 2C ) under the agreement. Essentially, only the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 is required to participate in a part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process, so that one or more wireless devices (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) can observe the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 and report the encounter with the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 as if it were a real conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ). From the perspective of encountering one or more wireless devices of the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ), at least in terms of identification, it can appear as a real conventional Wi-Fi access Point (for example, 500 in Figure 5 ). Thus, a Wi-Fi access point known as part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process (for example, 500 in Figure 5 ) will transmit its own unique identification information (for example, its BSSID) similar to In this way, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 can at least transmit its unique identification information (for example, BSSID) and additional data to one or more wireless devices (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ), thereby achieving the sensor tracking task Without more.

在某些具體實例中，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可能不需要一或多個組件或特徵以縮減用於感測器及/或資產追蹤任務中之裝置的大小、複雜性及功率消耗。舉例而言，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可能不需要用於驗證（例如，圖2C 的250 、260 ）之各種密碼加密加速器（例如，圖5 的522 ，524 ，526 ，528 ，530 ，532 ），此係由於不需要偽Wi-Fi存取點600 驗證任何無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）。另外，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可能不需要一或多個介面，該等介面包括例如嵌入式快閃記憶體534 、UART536 、I2 C540 、I2 S540 、SPI542 、USB OTG544 、RMT546 、GPIO552 、LED554 、LCD556 ，或感測器558 。另外，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可能不需要一或多個協同處理器560 、RTC562 、PMU564 ，或外部電源566 。由此，在此類具體實例中，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可排除對於感測器追蹤任務所不需要之上文所提及之組件或特徵中之一或多者。In some specific examples, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 may not require one or more components or features to reduce the size, complexity, and power consumption of devices used in sensor and/or asset tracking tasks. For example, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 may not require various cryptographic accelerators (e.g., 522 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 530 , 532 in Figure 5 ) for authentication (e.g., 250 and 260 in Figure 2C). ), this is because there is no need for the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 to authenticate any wireless devices (for example, 150 in Figure 11 ). In addition, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 may not require one or more interfaces. These interfaces include, for example, embedded flash memory 534 , UART 536 , I 2 C 540 , I 2 S 540 , SPI 542 , USB OTG 544 , RMT 546 , GPIO 552 , LED 554 , LCD 556 , or sensor 558 . In addition, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 may not require one or more co-processors 560 , RTC 562 , PMU 564 , or external power supply 566 . Thus, in such specific examples, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 can exclude one or more of the above-mentioned components or features that are not required for the sensor tracking task.

在其他具體實例中，可藉由僅將感測器及/或資產追蹤任務中所必需之彼等組件或特徵併入在系統單晶片（System On a Chip；「SOC」）610 、場可程式閘陣列（Field Programmable Gate Array；「FPGA」）（圖中未示）、可組態處理器（圖中未示）或特殊應用積體電路（Application Specific Integrated Circuit；「ASIC」）或其他高度積體裝置中來實施偽Wi-Fi存取點600 。在此類具體實例中，實現感測器及/或資產追蹤任務所需之習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）之組件或特徵中之任一或多者可經整合作為SOC610 之部分。偽Wi-Fi存取點600 之降低複雜度允許較大整合性及縮減的功率消耗，從而實現對於感測器及/或資產追蹤任務係有利的新的小外觀尺寸，包括使用可撓性基板及/或與其他裝置或系統整合。由此，在此類具體實例中，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可排除對於感測器追蹤任務所不需要之上文所提及之組件或特徵中之一或多者。In other specific examples, only the components or features necessary for the sensor and/or asset tracking task can be incorporated in the System On a Chip (“SOC”) 610 , field programmable Gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array; "FPGA") (not shown in the figure), configurable processor (not shown in the figure) or Application Specific Integrated Circuit ("ASIC") or other high-level products A pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 is implemented in a physical device. In such specific examples, any one or more of the components or features of the conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) required to implement the sensor and/or asset tracking task may be Integration as part of SOC 610 . The reduced complexity of the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 allows greater integration and reduced power consumption, thereby realizing a new small form factor that is advantageous for sensor and/or asset tracking tasks, including the use of flexible substrates And/or integrate with other devices or systems. Thus, in such specific examples, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 can exclude one or more of the above-mentioned components or features that are not required for the sensor tracking task.

在另其他具體實例中，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可為習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或SOC（圖中未示）之經修改版本，其中可停用或斷開上文所提及之組件或特徵中之任一或多者。由此，在此類具體實例中，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可停用對於感測器追蹤任務所不需要的習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）之上文所提及之組件或特徵中之一或多者。In another specific example, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 may be a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) or a modified version of the SOC (not shown in the figure), in which it can be stopped. Use or disconnect any one or more of the components or features mentioned above. Thus, in such a specific example, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 can disable the conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) that is not required for the sensor tracking task. One or more of the components or features mentioned in the text.

所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，可在感測器追蹤任務中使用能夠參與Wi-Fi無線網路發現協定之至少一部分之如同其為真正的習知Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）之任何偽Wi-Fi存取點600 或其變化。此外，在某些具體實例中，偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可被稱為偽裝或仿真信標訊框（例如，圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框（圖中未示），此係由於偽Wi-Fi存取點600 並非能夠在該協定下向其驗證、與其相關聯及執行資料轉移之真正的習知Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）。在給定應用中，一或多個習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）及/或一或多個偽Wi-Fi存取點600 之組合可用於感測器及/或資產追蹤任務中。舉例而言，在某些具體實例中，僅偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可用作被動感測器追蹤之一或多個方法的部分。在其他具體實例中，僅習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）可用作被動感測器追蹤之一或多個方法的部分。在另其他具體實例中，一或多個習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）及一或多個偽Wi-Fi存取點600 可用作被動感測器追蹤之一或多個方法的部分。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，本文中所記載之被動感測器追蹤的方法可靈活地適於根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之給定應用或設計。Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the ability to participate in at least a part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery protocol can be used in sensor tracking tasks as if it were genuine Any pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 or a variation of the conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5). In addition, in some specific examples, the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 may be referred to as a fake or simulated beacon frame (for example, 220s in FIG. 8 ), a detection response frame (for example, 240s in FIG. 8 ), or Other management frames (not shown in the figure), this is because the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 is not a real conventional Wi-Fi access point that can authenticate, associate with it and perform data transfer under the agreement (For example, 500 in Figure 5 ). In a given application, a combination of one or more conventional Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 in FIG. 5 ) and/or one or more pseudo Wi-Fi access points 600 can be used for the sensor and / Or asset tracking task. For example, in some specific examples, only the pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 may be used as part of one or more methods of passive sensor tracking. In other specific examples, only a conventional Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500 in FIG. 5 ) may be used as part of one or more methods of passive sensor tracking. In other specific examples, one or more conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) and one or more pseudo Wi-Fi access points 600 can be used as passive sensor tracking Part of one or more methods. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the passive sensor tracking method described herein can be flexibly adapted to a given application or design according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

受益於本記載內容，所屬領域中具通常知識者將瞭解，出於根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程的識別部分之目的，遇到偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）之一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）將不能夠區分該偽Wi-Fi存取點與習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）。由此，偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）將出現且經報告，如同其為習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）。所屬領域中具通常知識者將進一步認識到，出於感測器追蹤任務，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）。Benefiting from the contents of this record, those with ordinary knowledge in the field will understand that for the purpose of the identification part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, a pseudo Wi-Fi memory is encountered. Taking a point (e.g., 600 in FIG. 7A ) or one or more wireless devices (e.g., 150 in FIG. 11 ) will not be able to distinguish the pseudo Wi-Fi access point from the conventional Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 in Figure 7A ). As a result, a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (eg, 600 in FIG. 7A ) will appear and be reported as if it is a conventional Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500 in FIG. 7A ). Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will further realize that for sensor tracking tasks, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or Pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in Figure 7A ).

圖7A 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 的方塊圖。Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 可包括一或多個感測器710 、感測器介面720 及習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6 的600 ）。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，可基於應用或設計而靈活地組態此等組件及其執行之功能。由此，以下描述將有助於理解，但並非意欲為限制性的。為清楚起見，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，有助於Wi-Fi存取點傳輸包含感測器資料之管理訊框之任何裝置或系統可構成用於感測器追蹤任務中的Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 。FIG. 7A shows a block diagram of a sensor system 700 coupled to a Wi-Fi access point according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. The sensor system 700 coupled to the Wi-Fi access point may include one or more sensors 710 , a sensor interface 720, and a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in Figure 6 ). Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that these components and the functions they perform can be flexibly configured based on applications or designs. Thus, the following description will help understanding, but is not intended to be limiting. For clarity, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, any device or system that helps Wi-Fi access points to transmit management frames containing sensor data can be configured for sensor tracking tasks The sensor system 700 is coupled to the Wi-Fi access point.

感測器710 可為任何類型或種類的感測器，其對環境之實體屬性進行感測且產生對應於經感測之實體屬性的輸出（未單獨說明）。由感測器710 產生的輸出可基於一或多個感測器710 之類型或種類而變化，該等感測器基於應用或設計而使用。在某些具體實例中，一或多個感測器710 可與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）或Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 之另一組件整合。在其他具體實例中，感測器710 可為經組態以藉助於感測器介面720 與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）介接之離散裝置。The sensor 710 can be any type or kind of sensor, which senses the physical attributes of the environment and generates an output corresponding to the sensed physical attributes (not separately described). The output generated by the sensor 710 may vary based on the type or type of one or more sensors 710 , which are used based on the application or design. In some specific examples, one or more sensors 710 may be coupled to a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) or another sensor system 700 coupled to the Wi-Fi access point. One component integration. In other specific examples, the sensor 710 may be a discrete device configured to interface with a Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) via the sensor interface 720.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，感測器710 可為例如聲感測器、超音波感測器、紅外線感測器、光感測器、色彩感測器、電感測器、連續性感測器、電阻感測器、電感感測器、電容感測器、電場感測器、磁感測器、溫度感測器、熱感測器、機械感測器、壓力感測器、濕度感測器、近接感測器、接觸式感測器、傾斜感測器、化學感測器、濕度感測器、煙霧感測器、氣體感測器、酒精感測器、地震感測器、距離感測器、觸控式感測器、GPS接收器，或其中之一或多者之組合。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用能夠輸出經感測資料之任何類型或種類的感測器或其組合。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the sensor 710 may be, for example, an acoustic sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an infrared sensor, a light sensor, a color sensor, an inductive sensor, a continuous Sexy sensor, resistance sensor, inductive sensor, capacitive sensor, electric field sensor, magnetic sensor, temperature sensor, thermal sensor, mechanical sensor, pressure sensor, humidity Sensors, proximity sensors, contact sensors, tilt sensors, chemical sensors, humidity sensors, smoke sensors, gas sensors, alcohol sensors, seismic sensors, Distance sensor, touch sensor, GPS receiver, or a combination of one or more of them. Those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that any type or kind of sensor or a combination of sensors capable of outputting sensed data can be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

感測器介面720 可將一或多個感測器710 之輸出轉換為適合於安置於管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）中之感測器資料（圖中未示），該管理訊框由Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）傳輸。感測器介面720 獲取一或多個感測器710 之輸出，該輸出之形式或格式可基於經使用之一或多個感測器710 之類型或種類而變化，且該感測器介面產生呈能夠安置於管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）中之形式或格式之感測器資料，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，該管理訊框由Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）傳輸。舉例而言，溫度感測器710 可感測溫度且輸出對應於溫度之電信號。感測器介面720 可輸入此電信號且產生對應於經感測溫度之感測器資料（圖中未示）。在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，感測器介面720 可連續地、週期性地、在預定間隔後、在特定時間或日期或在預定觸發條件後產生感測器資料（圖中未示）。所屬領域中具通常知識者將瞭解，感測器資料（圖中未示）之更新時序可基於應用或設計及經使用之電源730 的對應的類型或種類而變化。舉例而言，若感測器系統700 由電池供電之電源供電730 ，則可調節感測器資料（圖中未示）之更新定時以在電池功率下實現最大工作壽命。在非電池供電730 之應用中，在可用功率不受限之情況下，感測器資料（圖中未示）之更新時序可基於應用或設計而變化。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，更新感測器資料（圖中未示）之方式及頻率可基於應用或設計而變化。另外，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，感測器介面720 有助於將資料安置在由Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）傳輸之管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）中。由此，可在系統700 之其他組件當中整合或分佈感測器介面720 及其執行之功能。The sensor interface 720 can convert the output of one or more sensors 710 into sensor data (not shown in the figure) suitable for placement in a management frame (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B). The frame is transmitted by the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 of FIG. 7A ) of the sensor system 700 coupled to the Wi-Fi access point. The sensor interface 720 obtains the output of one or more sensors 710. The form or format of the output can vary based on the type or type of the one or more sensors 710 used, and the sensor interface generates Sensor data in a form or format that can be placed in a management frame (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ), as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, the management frame is coupled by a Wi-Fi access point The Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) is transmitted. For example, the temperature sensor 710 can sense temperature and output an electrical signal corresponding to the temperature. The sensor interface 720 can input this electrical signal and generate sensor data corresponding to the sensed temperature (not shown in the figure). In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the sensor interface 720 can generate sensor data continuously, periodically, after a predetermined interval, at a specific time or date, or after a predetermined trigger condition (not shown in the figure). Show). Those skilled in the art will understand that the update timing of the sensor data (not shown in the figure) may vary based on the application or design and the corresponding type or type of the power supply 730 used. For example, if the sensor system 700 is powered by a battery-powered power source 730 , the update timing of the sensor data (not shown in the figure) can be adjusted to achieve the maximum operating life under battery power. In a non-battery-powered application 730 , when the available power is not limited, the update timing of the sensor data (not shown in the figure) can be changed based on the application or design. Those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and frequency of updating sensor data (not shown in the figure) may vary based on the application or design. In addition, those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that the sensor interface 720 facilitates the placement of data on the Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 coupled by the Wi-Fi access point (for example, In the management frame (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ) transmitted by 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A. In this way, the sensor interface 720 and its functions can be integrated or distributed among other components of the system 700.

Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 可使用可藉助於感測器介面720 而耦接至感測器710 之習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6 的600 ）。作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，感測器系統700 之習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6 的600 ）可傳輸一或多個信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或包含感測器710 之感測器資料（圖中未示）的其他管理訊框。由此，每當一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）僅恰巧進入感測器系統700 之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之Wi-Fi傳信範圍中時，一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）可自Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）接收包含感測器資料（圖中未示）之一或多個管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）。一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）可報告關於與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的觀測資料，且就無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）之使用者而言無需意識到其接收且報告了感測器資料（圖中未示），該觀測資料包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器710 之感測器資料（圖中未示）及自由Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）所傳輸之一或多個管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）獲得之可能的額外資訊。 The sensor system 700 coupled to a Wi-Fi access point can use a conventional Wi-Fi access point that can be coupled to the sensor 710 via the sensor interface 720 (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) Or pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in Figure 6 ). As part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, the conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 6 ) of the sensor system 700 One or more beacon frames (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C or 220s in FIG. 8 ), detection response frames (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) can be transmitted, or sensing including a sensor 710 Other management frames of the device data (not shown in the figure). Therefore, whenever one or more wireless devices (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) only happen to enter the Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), the Wi-Fi transmission When in range, one or more wireless devices (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) can receive one of sensor data (not shown) from a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) Or multiple management frames (for example, 300 in Figure 7B ). One or more wireless devices (e.g., 150 of FIG. 11 ) can report observations about encounters with Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 or 600 of FIG. 7A ), and the wireless device (e.g., 150 of FIG. 11 ) ) Users do not need to be aware that they have received and reported sensor data (not shown in the figure). The observation data includes the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A), The sensor data of the sensor 710 (not shown in the figure) and one or more management frames (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ) transmitted by a free Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) ) Possible additional information obtained.

在某些具體實例中，感測器系統700 可為習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6 的600 ），其包括一或多個整合式感測器710 （例如，圖5 或圖6 的558 ）及經修改以將感測器資料（圖中未示）置放在管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）中之軟體，該管理訊框由Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 的習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6的600）傳輸。在其他具體實例中，習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6 的600 ）可經由一或多個介面接收離散感測器710 之輸出，其包括例如GPIO（例如，圖5 或圖6 的552 ）。在此類具體實例中，在其上執行之軟體（例如，圖5 或圖6 的506 ）以及處理器（例如，圖5 或圖6 的504 ）及可能ADC（例如，圖5 或圖6 的550 ）或DAC（例如，圖5 或圖6 的548 ）可充當感測器介面720 ，且軟體（例如，圖5 或圖6 的506 ）可經修改以將感測器資料（圖中未示）置放在管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）中，該管理訊框由習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6 的600 ）傳輸。在另其他具體實例中，可藉由將包括習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖5 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖6 的600 ）之上文所提及之組件或特徵中之一或多者以及可能一或多個離散感測器710 併入在SOC、FPGA、可組態處理器或ASIC或其他類型之圖中未示之系統中來實施感測器系統700 。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，能夠將感測器資料（圖中未示）置放在由Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）廣播之管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）中之呈任何組態或外觀尺寸之組件或特徵的任何組合可用作Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 。In some specific examples, the sensor system 700 may be a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 6 ), which includes One or more integrated sensors 710 (for example, 558 in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 ) and modified to place sensor data (not shown) in the management frame (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ) in the software, then the management frame of the Wi-Fi access points coupled to a conventional sensor system of Wi-Fi access point 700 (e.g., 500 of FIG. 5) or pseudo Wi-Fi access point ( For example, 600 in Figure 6) transmission. In other specific examples, a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 6 ) may receive discrete sensing via one or more interfaces The output of the device 710 includes, for example, GPIO (for example, 552 in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 ). In such specific example, in software (e.g., 506 in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6) and a processor (e.g., 504 in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6) and which may be performed on the ADC (e.g., FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 550 ) or DAC (for example, 548 in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 ) can serve as the sensor interface 720 , and the software (for example, 506 in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 ) can be modified to transfer sensor data (not shown in the figure) ) Is placed in a management frame (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ), which is composed of a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 of Figure 6 ) Transmission. In another specific example, it can be achieved by including the conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 5 ) or the pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 6 ) as mentioned above One or more of the components or features and possibly one or more discrete sensors 710 are incorporated in SOC, FPGA, configurable processor or ASIC or other types of systems not shown in the figure to implement sensing Detector system 700 . Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, sensor data (not shown in the figure) can be placed in a Wi-Fi access point (for example, the one shown in FIG. 7A) . 500 or 600 ) broadcast management frame (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ) in any configuration or appearance size of the components or any combination of features can be used as the Wi-Fi access point coupling sensor system 700 .

繼續，圖7B 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統（例如，圖7A 的700 ）之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）傳輸之管理訊框300的實例。由於僅需要Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）參與Wi-Fi無線網路發現之至少一部分以便傳輸唯一識別資訊、感測器資料及可能位置資訊，因此可使用信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ），或其他管理訊框，該管理訊框與習知的管理訊框（例如，圖3B 的300 ）具有相同格式。然而，信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框可在作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分所傳輸的管理訊框300 之一或多個欄位中包括感測器資料。Continuing, FIG. 7B shows a Wi-Fi access point (for example, FIG. 7A ) of a sensor system (for example, 700 in FIG. 7A) coupled by a Wi-Fi access point according to one or more specific examples of the present invention 500 or 600 of 7A ) An example of a transmission management frame 300. Since only a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) is required to participate in at least a part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery in order to transmit unique identification information, sensor data, and possible location information, beacons can be used information block (e.g., FIG. 2C 220 or FIG 220s 8), the probe response information box (e.g., FIG. 2C 240 or FIG 240s 8) or other management frame, the management frame with the conventional management information The boxes (for example, 300 in FIG. 3B ) have the same format. However, the beacon information box (e.g., FIG. 2C 220 or FIG 220s 8), the probe response information box (e.g., FIG. 2C 240 or FIG 240s 8), or other management frame may be a Wi-Fi wireless network One or more fields of the management frame 300 transmitted in the part of the path discovery include sensor data.

在圖中所描繪的實例中，感測器資料可安置於SSID欄位375 中。可有利地使用SSID欄位375，此係因為作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分所傳輸的信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）及探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊，該唯一識別資訊包括BSSID330 及SSID375 ，該唯一識別資訊在此實例中可包括感測器資料而非無線網路之名稱。以此方式，無論是否對信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框進行編碼之情況下，可在某些欄位中以數值或文數字形式安置額外資訊。雖然可能使用管理訊框300 之任何欄位，但可選擇經選定以安置諸如感測器資料之額外資訊的一或多個欄位，使得其為由遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）所報告之欄位，典型地作為用於改良位置服務之固有報告特徵之部分。繼續圖中所描繪的實例，BSSID欄位330 可用於唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ），且可自SSID欄位375 獲得感測器資料。In the example depicted in the figure, the sensor data can be placed in the SSID field 375 . The SSID field 375 can be used advantageously because of the beacon frame (e.g. 220 in Figure 2C or 220s in Figure 8 ) and the detection response frame (e.g., 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) includes the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ). The unique identification information includes BSSID 330 and SSID 375. The unique identification information is in this example Can include sensor data instead of the name of the wireless network. In this way, regardless of whether the beacon frame (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C or 220s in FIG. 8 ), the probe response frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) or other management frames are encoded In some cases, additional information can be placed in numerical or alphanumeric form in some fields. Although it is possible to use any of the fields of the management frame 300 , one or more fields selected to place additional information such as sensor data can be selected so that it encounters a Wi-Fi access point (for example, The fields reported by the wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) of 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A are typically part of the inherent reporting features used to improve location services. Continuing the example depicted in the figure, the BSSID field 330 can be used to uniquely identify the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), and sensor data can be obtained from the SSID field 375.

當無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）時，無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）報告觀測資料，該觀測資料至少包括無線裝置遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之BSSID330 及SSID375 。由Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）傳輸之信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框（圖中未示）可在SSID欄位375 中包括額外資料，諸如感測器資料。無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）可將觀測資料報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）及/或Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ），該感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫及該Wi-Fi AP資料庫接著可用作感測器或資產追蹤任務之部分，該觀測資料包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、BSSID330 ，及儲存於SSID375 內之額外資料，諸如感測器資料。所屬領域中具通常知識者將瞭解到，SSID欄位375 之使用僅僅為例示性的，且根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用其他欄位。When a wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) encounters a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), the wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) reports observation data, which includes at least The BSSID 330 and SSID 375 of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) encountered by the wireless device. A beacon frame (e.g., 220 in Figure 2C or 220s in Figure 8 ), a probe response frame (e.g., 240 or Figure 2C ) transmitted by a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in Figure 7A) 8 of 240s ) or other management frames (not shown in the figure) can include additional data in the SSID field 375 , such as sensor data. The wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) can report the observation data to the sensor and/or the asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) and/or the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11) . ), the sensor and/or asset tracking database and the Wi-Fi AP database can then be used as part of the sensor or asset tracking task, and the observation data includes Wi-Fi access points (for example, Figure 7A 500 or 600 ) unique identification information, BSSID 330 , and additional data stored in SSID 375 , such as sensor data. Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will understand that the use of the SSID field 375 is only exemplary, and other fields can be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

圖8 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分之在無線裝置150 與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之間交換的管理訊框之序列。如先前論述，僅需要Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統（例如，圖7A 的700 ）之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）以有限方式參與Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程。Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）可將信標訊框220 或偽、經偽裝或仿真信標訊框220s 、探測回應訊框240 或偽、經偽裝或仿真探測回應訊框240s 或其他管理訊框（圖中未示）傳輸至接收無線裝置150 ，該管理訊框似乎為真正的管理訊框（例如，圖3B 的300 ），但可為包括諸如感測器資料（例如，375 ）之額外資料的非傳統管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）。然而，不需要Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）允許無線裝置150 向Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）驗證（例如，圖2C 的250 、260 ）、與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯（例如，圖2C 的270 、280 ）或在該協定下以該Wi-Fi存取點轉移資料（例如，圖2C 的290 ）。另外，不需要Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）提供任何上游網路連接性或任何種類的任何網路連接性。由此，在某些具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）不允許無線裝置150 向Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）驗證（例如，圖2C 的250 、260 ）、與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯（例如，圖2C 的270 、280 ）或與在該協定下以該Wi-Fi存取點轉移資料（例如，圖2C 的290 ），且Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）不提供上游網路連接性。在此類具體實例中，無線裝置150 無法繼續進行驗證或相關聯，且在某些具體實例中，將不自Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）接收包括感測器資料之一或多個信標訊框220 或220s 、探測回應訊框240 或240s 、或其他管理訊框（圖中未示）以外的任何內容。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，在某些具體實例中，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，當使用Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）時，感測器或資產追蹤任務可能需要Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之僅部分。FIG. 8 shows the exchange between the wireless device 150 and the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery according to one or more specific examples of the present invention The sequence of management frames. As previously discussed, only the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 of FIG. 7A ) of the sensor system (e.g., 700 of FIG. 7A ) to which the Wi-Fi access point is coupled can participate in Wi-Fi in a limited manner. Fi wireless network discovery process. The Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) can be a beacon frame 220 or fake, a fake or simulated beacon frame 220s , a detection response frame 240 or fake, a fake or simulated detection response The frame 240s or other management frame (not shown in the figure) is transmitted to the receiving wireless device 150. The management frame appears to be a real management frame (for example, 300 in Figure 3B ), but it may include sensor data such as (For example, 375 ) non-traditional management frame for additional data (for example, 300 in Figure 7B ). However, no Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) is required to allow the wireless device 150 to authenticate with a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) (for example, 250 , 600 in FIG. 2C ). 260 ), be associated with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 270 , 280 in FIG. 2C ) or transfer data with the Wi-Fi access point under the agreement (for example, 290 in FIG. 2C ). In addition, there is no need for a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) to provide any upstream network connectivity or any kind of any network connectivity. Therefore, in some specific examples, the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) does not allow the wireless device 150 to authenticate with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) ( For example, 250 and 260 in FIG. 2C ), are associated with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 270 and 280 in FIG. 2C ), or transfer data with the Wi-Fi access point under the agreement (for example, in FIG. 2C 290 ), and Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) do not provide upstream network connectivity. In such specific examples, the wireless device 150 cannot continue to be authenticated or associated, and in some specific examples, it will not receive from a Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) including a sensor. The data is anything other than one or more beacon frames 220 or 220s , detection response frames 240 or 240s , or other management frames (not shown in the figure). Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that in some specific examples, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, when a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) is used, it feels A detector or asset tracking task may require only part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process.

圖9A 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之被動感測器追蹤的應用之實例。出於說明目的，考慮路燈燈具910 之實例，且Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700安置在該路燈燈具上、附接至該路燈燈具或與該路燈燈具整合。感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）可經組態以感測路燈燈具910 之燈泡的條件。在此類組態中，僅出於實例目的，感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）可為連續性感測器，其中缺乏電連續性可指示路燈燈具910 之燈泡被燒壞。重要的是認識到，Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統700 不具有通信能力，不需要其提供無線網路或任何種類的上游網路連接性。儘管如此，當乘客車輛920 藉由路燈燈具910 進行駕駛時，駕駛員之智慧型電話（無線裝置150 ）可自感測器系統700 的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）接收信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框。在某些具體實例中，不需要無線裝置150 向感測器系統700 之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）驗證或與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯，且不需要感測器系統700 之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）提供任何上游網路連接性。在其他具體實例中，無線裝置150 無法向感測器系統700 之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）驗證或與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯，且感測器系統700 之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）不提供任何上游網路連接性。藉由僅進入Wi-Fi傳信範圍內，無線裝置150 可能已在無意識之情況下接收在信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或由感測器系統700 之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）傳輸之其他管理訊框中之感測器資料。FIG. 9A shows an application example of passive sensor tracking according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. For illustration purposes, consider an example of a street light fixture 910 , and a sensor system 700 coupled to a Wi-Fi access point is placed on, attached to, or integrated with the street light fixture. The sensor (for example, 710 of FIG. 7A ) may be configured to sense the condition of the bulb of the street light fixture 910. In such a configuration, for example purposes only, the sensor (eg, 710 of FIG. 7A ) may be a continuous sensor, where lack of electrical continuity may indicate that the bulb of the street light fixture 910 is burned out. It is important to realize that the sensor system 700 coupled to the Wi-Fi access point does not have communication capabilities and does not need to provide wireless network or any kind of upstream network connectivity. Nevertheless, when the passenger vehicle 920 is driven by the street lamp 910 , the driver’s smart phone (wireless device 150 ) can be used from the Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) . ) Receive a beacon frame (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C or 220s in FIG. 8 ), a detection response frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ), or other management frames. In some specific examples, there is no need for the wireless device 150 to authenticate with or be associated with the Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A), and does not The Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) is required to provide any upstream network connectivity. In other specific examples, the wireless device 150 cannot authenticate to or be associated with the Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A), and the sensor The Wi-Fi access point of the system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) does not provide any upstream network connectivity. By only entering the Wi-Fi transmission range, the wireless device 150 may have unconsciously received the beacon frame (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C or 220s in FIG. 8 ), the detection response frame (for example, in FIG. 2C 240 or 240s in FIG. 8 ) or sensor data in other management frames transmitted by the Wi-Fi access point of the sensor system 700 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A).

繼續，圖9B 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由系統（例如，圖9A 的700 ）之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）傳輸之包括感測器資料（例如，375 ）之管理訊框300 的實例。如圖中所描繪的實例中所展示，SSID子欄位375 可含有感測器資料，在此情況下為是否路燈（例如，圖9A 的910 ）之燈泡係功能性抑或燒壞之文字指示符。在該實例中，連續性可指示燈泡為功能性的，且缺乏連續性可指示燈泡被燒壞。此處，出於說明的目的，吾人將假設感測器資料包括燈泡被燒壞之指示。感測器資料可為數值的或文數字的，顯式的或經編碼，且可基於感測器之類型或種類及感測器所提供之經感測資料之類型來加以定製。此處，由於SSID為文字欄位375 ，因此感測器輸出之文數字表示「BULB OUT」可置放於SSID子欄位375 中。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，感測器系統（例如，圖9A 的700 ）可包括硬體及軟體，諸如允許基於經感測實體屬性來可客制化地呈現感測器資料之韌體。在該實例中，韌體可將對應於燈泡之二元連續性狀態的適當文數字資料置放在SSID子欄位375 中。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，構成感測器資料之資料的表示可基於感測器之類型或種類、用於管理訊框中之欄位、編碼（若存在）、加密（若存在）及可影響資料的表示之任何其他因素而變化。另外，如先前所論述，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用其他欄位。Continuing, FIG. 9B shows a sensor including a sensor transmitted by a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) of a system (for example, 700 in FIG. 9A ) according to one or more specific examples of the present invention An example of the management frame 300 of the data (for example, 375). As shown in the example depicted in the figure, the SSID subfield 375 may contain sensor data, in this case whether the bulb of the street lamp (for example, 910 in FIG. 9A ) is functional or a text indicator of burnout . In this example, continuity may indicate that the bulb is functional, and lack of continuity may indicate that the bulb is burned out. Here, for illustrative purposes, we will assume that the sensor data includes an indication that the bulb is burned out. The sensor data can be numeric or alphanumeric, explicit or encoded, and can be customized based on the type or type of the sensor and the type of sensed data provided by the sensor. Here, since the SSID is the text field 375 , the alphanumeric representation "BULB OUT" output by the sensor can be placed in the SSID subfield 375 . Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that the sensor system (for example, 700 in FIG. 9A ) may include hardware and software, such as those that allow the sensor data to be customized based on the attributes of the sensed entity. firmware. In this example, the firmware can place appropriate alphanumeric data corresponding to the binary continuity state of the bulb in the SSID subfield 375 . Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the representation of the data constituting the sensor data can be based on the type or type of the sensor, and used to manage the fields in the frame , Encoding (if it exists), encryption (if it exists), and any other factors that can affect the presentation of the data. In addition, as previously discussed, those of ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that other fields may be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

繼續，圖9C 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由一或多個無線裝置（例如，150 ）基於相遇報告之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料的實例。如先前所論述，一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖9A 的150a ）可經由蜂巢式或任何其他網路連接以報告關於遇到一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料。觀測資料之每一報告可至少包括經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之諸如BSSID的唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包括位置資訊。在某些具體實例中，用於給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料可包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊及與其相關聯之對應感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之感測器資料。在圖中所描繪的實例中，感測器資料可安置於SSID欄位（例如，圖9B 的375 ）中且可包括對應於路燈（例如，圖9A 的910 ）之燈泡的操作狀態之資料。出於說明的目的，感測器資料包括路燈（例如，圖9A 的910 ）之燈泡燒壞（亦即BULB OUT）之指示。重要的是認識到，一或多個報告無線裝置（例如，圖9A 的150 ）可能不具有其正在參與感測器及/或資產追蹤任務中之任何意識。根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，自一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖9A 的150 ）之視角來看，該一或多個無線裝置僅僅記錄關於其遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（在此實例中為感測器系統（例如，圖9A 的700 ）之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ））之資訊，且典型地出於增強位置服務的目的，將觀測資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ），及/或報告給感測器及/或追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）。因為感測器資料可置放於典型地用於不同目的之欄位中，但作為典型的觀測資料之部分加以報告，所以Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可接收且儲存感測器資料，甚至不知道其正在進行此操作。自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）之視角來看，可假設儲存於SSID中之感測器資料為Wi-Fi存取點之無線網路之實際名稱，然而，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）將欄位之內容辨識為感測器資料。Continuing, FIG. 9C shows one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 of FIG. 7A ) reported by one or more wireless devices (for example, 150 ) based on the encounter report according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. Or 600 ) examples of observational data. As previously discussed, one or more wireless devices (e.g., 150a of FIG. 9A ) may be connected via a cellular or any other network to report information about encountering one or more Wi-Fi access points (e.g., FIG. 7A 500 or 600 ) observation data. Each report of observation data may include at least the unique identification information such as BSSID, sensor data of the Wi-Fi access point encountered (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A), and in some specific examples, the location News. In some specific examples, the observation data for a given Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include the unique Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) The identification information and the sensor data of the corresponding sensor associated with it (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A). In the example depicted in the figure, the sensor data may be placed in the SSID field (for example, 375 in FIG. 9B ) and may include data corresponding to the operating state of the bulb of the street lamp (for example, 910 in FIG. 9A). For the purpose of illustration, the sensor data includes an indication that the bulb of a street lamp (for example, 910 in FIG. 9A ) is burned out (that is, BULB OUT). It is important to realize that one or more reporting wireless devices (eg, 150 of FIG. 9A ) may not have any awareness that they are participating in sensor and/or asset tracking tasks. According to one or more specific examples of the present invention, from the perspective of one or more wireless devices (for example, 150 in FIG. 9A ), the one or more wireless devices only record information about their encounters with one or more Wi-Fi devices. -Fi access point (in this example, the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 of FIG. 7A ) of the sensor system (e.g., 700 of FIG. 9A )), and is typically enhanced The purpose of the location service is to report observation data to the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Fig. 11 ), and/or report to the sensor and/or tracking database (for example, 1110 in Fig. 11 ). Because sensor data can be placed in fields that are typically used for different purposes, but are reported as part of typical observation data, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ) can be received and stored The sensor data does not even know that it is doing this operation. From the perspective of the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ), it can be assumed that the sensor data stored in the SSID is the actual name of the wireless network of the Wi-Fi access point. However, the sensor The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) recognizes the content of the field as sensor data.

繼續，圖9D 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由感測器追蹤資料庫儲存或產生的感測器資料之實例。感測器及/或追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）及/或直接自一或多個報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料。因為感測器追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯，所以感測器及/或追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可接收包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊的觀測資料，且知道感測器資料在此實例中安置於SSID欄位中。由此，當感測器及/或追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）自例如用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）接收請求以提供特定感測器之感測器資料時，感測器追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可查詢與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊，且自SSID欄位獲得資料且將其報告為最後報告之感測器資料值。在此情況下，其將報告路燈（例如，圖9A 的910 ）之燈泡被燒壞。有利地，感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）可在無任何固有通信能力之情況下部署在不具有任何種類的網路連接性之位置中，且可被動地追蹤感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）。僅僅恰巧進入Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之範圍中之一或多個無線裝置（例如，150 ）變為被動感測器追蹤之基礎設施，且可能未意識到其正在進行此操作，藉此使得能夠判定遠端感測器之感測器資料，該等遠端感測器可能安置在存在任何種類之網路連接性的區域中。Continuing, FIG. 9D shows an example of sensor data stored or generated by the sensor tracking database according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. The sensor and/or tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can be derived from the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) and/or directly from one or more reporting wireless devices (for example, FIG. 11 150a ) Receive observation data from Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A). Because the sensor tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) associates the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) with the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) , So the sensor and/or tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can receive observation data including unique identification information of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A), and know the sensing The device data is placed in the SSID field in this example. Thus, when the sensor and / or a tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) from the inlet end, for example, a user (e.g., 1120 in FIG. 11) when receiving a request to provide data for a specific sensor of the sensor, a sense Tracking information uniquely identifying the measuring device database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) can be found and sensors (e.g., 710 of FIG. 7A) Wi-Fi access point associated with it (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of , And obtain data from the SSID field and report it as the last reported sensor data value. In this case, it will report that the bulb of the street lamp (for example, 910 in FIG. 9A ) is burned out. Advantageously, the sensor (e.g., 710 of FIG. 7A ) can be deployed in a location without any kind of network connectivity without any inherent communication capabilities, and the sensor can be tracked passively (e.g., 710 in Figure 7A ). One or more wireless devices (e.g., 150 ) that just happen to enter the range of a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) become passive sensor tracking infrastructure, and may not be aware of it It is doing this, thereby making it possible to determine the sensor data of remote sensors, which may be placed in areas where there is any kind of network connectivity.

圖10A 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之被動感測器及/或資產追蹤1000 的應用之實例。在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，除了輸送感測器資料，亦可使用被動資產追蹤之一或多個方法來追蹤感測器之位置。在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）可安置於待被動地追蹤之根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的一或多個可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）上、附接至該一或多個可移動感測器/資產或與其整合。如先前所論述，在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，可專門地使用一或多個習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ），可專門地使用一或多個偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ），或可使用一或多個習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）與一或多個偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）之混合。由此，展示習知的Wi-Fi存取點500 及複數個偽Wi-Fi存取點600a 、600b 、600c 之使用的實例僅僅係出於說明目的且不具限制性。儘管如此，所屬領域中具通常知識者將瞭解，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，可使用一或多個習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）及/或一或多個偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）之任何組合，該等存取點中之一些可啟用感測器。有利地，僅僅恰巧進入Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之範圍中（即使僅暫時地）之一或多個無線裝置150 可被動地追蹤一或多個可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ），即使無線裝置150 或其使用者甚至可能不知道其正在參與感測器及/或資產追蹤任務。FIG. 10A shows an example of the application of the passive sensor and/or asset tracking 1000 according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. In one or more specific examples of the present invention, in addition to transmitting sensor data, one or more methods of passive asset tracking may also be used to track the position of the sensor. In one or more specific examples of the present invention, one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) may be placed in one or more specific examples of the present invention to be tracked passively. One or more movable sensors/assets of the example (eg, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) are attached to, attached to, or integrated with the one or more movable sensors/assets. As previously discussed, in one or more specific examples of the present invention, one or more conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) can be used exclusively, and one or more Wi-Fi access points can be used exclusively. One pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 7A ), or one or more conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) and one or more pseudo Wi-Fi A mix of access points (for example, 600 in Figure 7A). Therefore, the examples showing the use of the conventional Wi-Fi access point 500 and a plurality of pseudo Wi-Fi access points 600a , 600b , and 600c are only for illustrative purposes and not limitative. Nevertheless, those with ordinary knowledge in the art will understand that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, one or more conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) and/or Any combination of one or more pseudo Wi-Fi access points (eg, 600 in FIG. 7A ), some of which can enable sensors. Advantageously, only one or more wireless devices 150 that just happen to enter the range (even if only temporarily) of a Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) can passively track one or more movable A sensor/asset (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ), even if the wireless device 150 or its user may not even know that it is participating in a sensor and/or asset tracking task.

舉例而言，在圖中所描繪的實例中，無線裝置150 可為智慧型電話，其經攜載於使用者之身上，同時處於沿著街道1060 駕駛之機動車輛1070 上。取決於應用或設計，使用者之智慧型電話150 可在就使用者而言無需意識到之情況下將其遇到範圍中習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）及/或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，600a ，600b ，600c ）之觀測報告給（即使僅暫時地）感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）及/或Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可使用一或多個觀測以判定感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）之位置。有利地，可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）及相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）不需要任何網路連接性，可部署在全球的任何位置，且智慧型電話150 之使用者的現有安裝/基礎設施可用於被動地追蹤感測器資料，在一些具體實例中，可用於在開放網路架構中被動地追蹤可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）之位置。為清楚起見，每一感測器/資產可包括習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ），且在一些應用中，一些感測器/資產（例如，1020 ）可與習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）部署在一起，且其他感測器/資產（例如，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）可與偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）部署在一起。For example, in the example depicted in the figure, the wireless device 150 may be a smart phone that is carried on the user's body while being in a motor vehicle 1070 driving along the street 1060 . Depending on the application or design, the user’s smart phone 150 can encounter known Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 ) and/or fakes in the range without the user’s awareness. Observation reports of Wi-Fi access points (eg, 600a , 600b , 600c ) to (even if only temporarily) the sensor and/or asset tracking database (eg, 1110 in Figure 11 ) and/or Wi-Fi AP Database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ). The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) may use one or more observations to determine the location of the sensor/asset (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ). Advantageously, removable sensors/assets (e.g., 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) and associated Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) do not require any network connectivity, It can be deployed anywhere in the world, and the existing installation/infrastructure of the user of the smart phone 150 can be used to passively track sensor data. In some specific instances, it can be used to passively track data in an open network architecture. The location of the mobile sensor/asset (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ). For clarity, each sensor/asset may include a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 7A ), and in In some applications, some sensors/assets (for example, 1020 ) can be deployed with conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ), and other sensors/assets (for example, 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) can be deployed together with a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 7A).

由此，出於本記載內容的目的，被動感測器或資產追蹤意謂基於一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測來追蹤感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ），而無需任何特定無線裝置150 向任何特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）驗證、與該等Wi-Fi存取點相關聯或與其建立連接性。此外，被動資產追蹤不需要與感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）在任何時間提供任何種類的任何網路連接性。Thus, for the purpose of this description, passive sensor or asset tracking means tracking a sensor/asset based on observations from one or more Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) (E.g. 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) without any specific wireless device 150 to any specific Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) authentication, and such Wi-Fi access points Associate or establish connectivity with it. In addition, passive asset tracking does not require Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) associated with sensors/assets (e.g., 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) to provide any kind of information at any time Any network connectivity.

在某些具體實例中，一或多個無線裝置150 可將與可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相遇的觀測資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）接收包含唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包含位置資訊之觀測資料，該位置資訊可用於判定一或多個可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）之位置。In some specific examples, one or more wireless devices 150 may associate Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a ) associated with movable sensors/assets (e.g., 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050) , 600b , 600c ) The observation data of the encounter is reported to the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ). The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can receive from the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) including unique identification information, sensor data, and in some specific examples Observation data containing location information, which can be used to determine the location of one or more movable sensors/assets (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ).

在其他具體實例中，一或多個直接報告無線裝置150 可將與可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相遇的第一觀測資料報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ），且一或多個間接報告無線裝置（例如，150 ）可將第二觀測資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）。Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可自遇到與一或多個感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）相關聯之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）的一或多個間接報告無線裝置（例如，150 ）接收第二觀測資料。In other examples, one or more wireless devices 150 may be reported directly to the movable sensor / assets (e.g., 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 ) Wi-Fi access point associated with it (e.g., 500, The first observation data that 600a , 600b , and 600c meet is reported to the sensor and/or the asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ), and one or more indirect reporting wireless devices (for example, 150 ) can report the first observation data 2. Report the observation data to the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ). The Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) can automatically encounter one or more Wi-Fi storages associated with one or more sensors/assets (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ). One or more indirect reporting wireless devices (for example, 150 ) at points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) receive the second observation data.

在另其他具體實例中，一或多個無線裝置150 可將與感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相遇之觀測資料報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）。在所有此類具體實例中，Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程以及報告Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之觀測可有利地用於使用可公開存取之Wi-Fi信號且在被動掃描應用中相對於感測器及/或資產追蹤任務為匿名而被動地追蹤一或多個感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ），而無需任何無線裝置150 向任何特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）驗證、與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯或加入該Wi-Fi存取點。另外，不需要與一或多個感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）在任何時間提供任何種類的任何網路連接性。In another specific example, one or more wireless devices 150 may associate Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b ) associated with sensors/assets (e.g., 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050) , 600c ) The observation data of the encounter is reported to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ). In all such specific instances, the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process and the observation of the reporting Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) can be advantageously used to use publicly accessible Wi-Fi Fi signal and passively track one or more sensors/assets (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) anonymously relative to the sensor and/or asset tracking task in passive scanning applications without any wireless The device 150 authenticates with any specific Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ), is associated with the Wi-Fi access point, or joins the Wi-Fi access point. In addition, there is no need for Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) associated with one or more sensors/assets (e.g., 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) to provide any Any kind of network connectivity.

返回至圖中所描繪的實例，一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）可安置於可部署在場域1050中之一或多個感測器/資產1020 、1030 、1040 、1050 上，附接至該等感測器/資產或與其整合。僅出於說明的目的，基建設備經展示為待追蹤之可移動資產的實例。然而，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可追蹤任一可移動資產。重要的是認識到，不需要Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）參與任何特定無線網路或提供任何上游網路連接性或任何種類的任何網路連接性。有利地，作為感測器或資產追蹤任務之部分，僅需要Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）參與Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分。具體言之，每一習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）可在被動掃描模式（例如，圖2A 的200 ）中廣播信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 ），及/或作為主動掃描模式（例如，圖2B 的205 ）之部分，運用探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 ）來回應於探測請求訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 ）。類似地，每一偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，600a ，600b ，600c ）可安置於資產1030 、1040 、1050 上、附接至該等資產或與其整合，可在被動掃描模式（例如，圖2A 的200 ）中廣播偽、經偽裝或仿真信標訊框（例如，圖8 的220s ），及/或作為主動掃描模式（例如，圖2B 的205 ）之部分，運用偽、經偽裝或仿真探測回應訊框（例如，圖8 的240s ）來回應於探測請求訊框（例如，圖8 的230 ）。習知的或偽信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）或習知的或偽探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）包括唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）且藉由代理伺服器來識別特定感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）自身之資訊。重要的是認識到，除了參與Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之至少一部分的能力，不需要待追蹤之每一可移動感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）具有任何種類的任何通信能力。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框（圖中未示）可含有其他資訊，其在本發明之一或多個具體實例中可用作感測器及/或資產追蹤任務之部分。Returning to the example depicted in the figure, one or more Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) can be placed on one or more sensors/assets that can be deployed in the field 1050 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 , attached to or integrated with these sensors/assets. For illustrative purposes only, infrastructure equipment is shown as an example of a movable asset to be tracked. However, those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that any movable asset can be tracked according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. It is important to realize that there is no need for Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) to participate in any particular wireless network or provide any upstream network connectivity or any kind of network connectivity. Advantageously, as part of the sensor or asset tracking task, only Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) are required to participate in the part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process. Specifically, each conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 ) can broadcast a beacon frame (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C ) in a passive scanning mode (for example, 200 in FIG. 2A ), and/ Or as part of the active scanning mode (for example, 205 in FIG. 2B ), a detection response frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C ) is used to respond to the detection request frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C ). Similarly, each pseudo Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 600a , 600b , 600c ) can be placed on, attached to, or integrated with assets 1030 , 1040 , 1050 , and can be in passive scanning mode (e.g., In Fig. 2A , 200 ) broadcast a fake, disguised or simulated beacon frame (for example, 220s in Fig. 8 ), and/or as part of the active scanning mode (for example, 205 in Fig. 2B ), using fake, disguised, or Simulate the detection response frame (for example, 240s in FIG. 8 ) to respond to the detection request frame (for example, 230 in FIG. 8 ). The conventional or pseudo-beacon frame (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C or 220s in FIG. 8 ) or a conventional or pseudo-detection response frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) includes uniquely identifying Wi -Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) and use the proxy server to identify the information of specific sensors/assets (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ). It is important to realize that, in addition to the ability to participate in at least part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process, there is no need for each movable sensor/asset to be tracked (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) of any kind Any communication capabilities. Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that beacon frames (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C or 220s in FIG. 8 ), probe response frames (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) or other management information The box (not shown in the figure) can contain other information, which can be used as part of a sensor and/or asset tracking task in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

在某些具體實例中，在被動掃描模式（例如，圖2A 的200 ）中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）可分別實體地且在邏輯上與感測器/資產1020 、1030 、1040 、1050 相關聯，且以規則間隔廣播信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ），該等信標訊框中之每一者包括資訊，其唯一地識別特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ），且對於認識到相關聯性之人，識別感測器及資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中與該特定Wi-Fi存取點相關聯之感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）。一或多個無線裝置150 可進入一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之範圍中，且接收一或多個信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）。如先前論述，無線裝置150 經由蜂巢式或其他連接以報告觀測資料。觀測資料之每一報告至少包括經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）的諸如BSSID之唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包括經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之位置資訊。位置資訊可包括諸如緯度及經度之座標或可用於判定位置之其他資訊。在某些具體實例中，用於給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之觀測資料可包括以下各者中之一或多者：報告無線裝置150 在相遇之時間時或此時間附近之時間、日期、當前位置、速度及行進方向，以及SSID，接收信號強度，或與經遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相關之其他資訊。另外，觀測資料可包括在遇到所關注給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）的相同時間時或此時間附近而來自經遇到之其他範圍中習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，600 ）的上文所提及之資訊中之任一者。觀測資料經報告給無線裝置150 之原始設備製造商、在無線裝置150 上執行之作業系統的作業系統開發者或第三方軟體開發者，以上各者維持本發明用於追蹤資產之Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）及/或專用感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）。In some specific examples, in the passive scanning mode (for example, 200 in FIG. 2A ), Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , and 600c ) can be physically and logically connected to the sensor respectively. /Assets 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 are associated, and beacon frames are broadcast at regular intervals (for example, 220 in Figure 2C or 220s in Figure 8 ). Each of these beacon frames includes information, which Uniquely identify specific Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ), and for those who recognize the relevance, identify sensors and asset tracking databases (e.g., 1110 in Figure 11) The sensors/assets associated with this particular Wi-Fi access point (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ). One or more wireless devices 150 can enter the range of one or more Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ), and receive one or more beacon frames (e.g., FIG. 2C 220 or 220s in Figure 8 ). As previously discussed, the wireless device 150 reports observation data via a cellular or other connection. Each report of observation data includes at least the unique identification information such as BSSID and sensor data of the Wi-Fi access points encountered (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c), and in some specific examples, it includes The location information of the Wi-Fi access point encountered (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c). The location information may include coordinates such as latitude and longitude or other information that can be used to determine the location. In some specific examples, the observation data for a given Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) may include one or more of the following: report that the wireless device 150 is in an encounter Time, date, current location, speed and direction of travel at or near this time, as well as SSID, received signal strength, or related to encountering Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) Other information. In addition, the observation data can include information from other areas that have been encountered at the same time or near this time when the given Wi-Fi access point of interest (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c) is encountered. Any one of the above-mentioned information of Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600). Observations was reported to the original equipment manufacturer of wireless device 150, the operating system is executed on the wireless device 150 operating system or third-party developer software developer, the present invention is the above are maintained for tracking assets Wi-Fi AP Database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) and/or dedicated sensors and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ).

雖然無線裝置150 之觀測報告態樣典型地用於提高基於位置之服務之準確度，但此處，觀測資料提供資料且在一些具體實例中提供資訊，其可用於在特定時間及日期估計一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之位置，而無需任何特定無線裝置150 有意地參與任何特定Wi-Fi無線網路。由此，此資訊可用於判定一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之位置，且藉由代理伺服器以相當大的準確度來判定一或多個可移動感測器/資產1020 、1030 、1040 、1050 之位置，此可典型地運用由無線裝置150 替代GPS位置判定或基於位置之服務來使用或由無線裝置150 用來增強GPS位置判定或基於位置之服務的眾所周知的位置改進技術來進一步改進。Although the observation report aspect of the wireless device 150 is typically used to improve the accuracy of location-based services, here, observation data provides data and in some specific instances information, which can be used to estimate one or more at a specific time and date. The location of multiple Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) without any specific wireless device 150 intentionally participating in any specific Wi-Fi wireless network. Thus, this information can be used to determine the location of one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ), and the proxy server can determine one or more with considerable accuracy The position of the mobile sensor/asset 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 , which can typically be used by the wireless device 150 instead of GPS location determination or location-based services or used by the wireless device 150 to enhance GPS location determination or based The well-known location improvement technology of location services can be further improved.

在其他具體實例中，在主動掃描模式（例如，圖2B 的205 ）中，一或多個無線裝置150 可傳輸不針對任一特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之探測請求訊框（例如，圖2C 的230 ），從而請求所有範圍中Wi-Fi存取點宣佈其存在。作為回應，範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）可傳輸探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ），該探測回應訊框包括唯一地識別作出回應之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中，包括位置資訊。如先前所論述，無線裝置150 經由蜂巢式或其他連接以報告觀測資料，其至少包括經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之唯一識別資訊（諸如BSSID）及經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之位置資訊。位置資訊可包括諸如緯度及經度之座標或可用於判定位置之其他資訊。在某些具體實例中，用於給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之觀測資料可包括以下各者中之一或多者：報告無線裝置150 在相遇之時間時或此時間附近之時間、日期、當前位置、速度及行進方向，以及SSID，接收信號強度，或與經遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相關之其他資訊。另外，觀測資料可包括在遇到所關注的給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）的相同時間時或此時間附近而來自經遇到之其他範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 或600 ）之上文提及之資訊中之任一者。觀測資料可經報告給無線裝置150 之原始設備製造商、在無線裝置150 上執行之作業系統的作業系統開發者或第三方軟體開發者，以上各者維持本發明中用於追蹤感測器/資產之Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）及/或專用感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）。在智慧型電話150 上使用之行動作業系統典型地包括現有基礎設施以在背景將觀測資料報告給作業系統開發者之Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ），而就使用者而言無需意識到。In other specific examples, in the active scanning mode (for example, 205 in FIG. 2B ), one or more wireless devices 150 may transmit data that is not directed to any specific Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c). ) Detection request frame (for example, 230 in Figure 2C ), thereby requesting all Wi-Fi access points in the range to announce their existence. In response, Wi-Fi access points in the range (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) can transmit a detection response frame (for example, 240 in Figure 2C or 240s in Figure 8 ), and the detection response frame includes a unique location Identify the information of the Wi-Fi access point that responded (eg, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ), sensor data, and, in some specific instances, location information. As previously discussed, the wireless device 150 reports observation data via a cellular or other connection, which at least includes the unique identification of one or more Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c) encountered Information (such as BSSID) and location information of one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c) encountered. The location information may include coordinates such as latitude and longitude or other information that can be used to determine the location. In some specific examples, the observation data for a given Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) may include one or more of the following: report that the wireless device 150 is in an encounter Time, date, current location, speed and direction of travel at or near this time, as well as SSID, received signal strength, or related to encountering Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) Other information. In addition, the observation data can include the Wi-Fi access points in other areas encountered at the same time or near this time when they encounter the given Wi-Fi access point of interest (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c). Any of the above-mentioned information of the Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600). Observations may be original equipment manufacturer 150 reports to the wireless device, the operating system is executed on the wireless device 150 of the operating system developer or by third party software developers, who maintain the above in the present invention for tracking the sensor / The asset's Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) and/or dedicated sensors and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ). The mobile operating system used on the smart phone 150 typically includes the existing infrastructure to report the observation data to the operating system developer’s Wi-Fi AP database in the background (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ). No need to be aware of it.

雖然圖中描繪了單個無線裝置150 ，但所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，任何數目個無線裝置150 可隨時間推移進入及離開感測器/資產1020 、1030 、1040 、1050 之範圍，該等感測器/資產中之每一者可獨立地報告其遇到之範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之觀測資料（及可能適用於是感測器及/或資產追蹤任務之其他資訊）。事實上，追蹤準確度可根據觀測之數目來提高，該等觀測隨時間推移進行或可能提供額外資訊，諸如感測器/資產1020 、1030 、1040 、1050 在整個一天中之移動或該等感測器/資產移動之速度或甚至該等感測器/資產離開作業現場1050 之邊界的時間。Although a single wireless device 150 is depicted in the figure, those skilled in the art will recognize that any number of wireless devices 150 can enter and leave the range of sensors/assets 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 over time, Each of these sensors/assets can independently report the observation data of Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) in the range it encounters (and possibly applicable to sensors) And/or other information about asset tracking tasks). In fact, tracking accuracy can be improved based on the number of observations, which may be performed over time or may provide additional information, such as the movement of sensors/assets 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 throughout the day or the sensing The speed at which the sensors/assets move or even the time for the sensors/assets to leave the boundary of the job site 1050.

繼續，圖10B 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例由無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150 ）基於相遇而報告之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）的觀測資料1080 之實例。如先前論述，無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150 ）可經由蜂巢式或任何其他網路連接來報告觀測資料。觀測資料之每一報告可至少包括經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）的諸如BSSID之唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包括經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之位置資訊。在某些具體實例中，用於給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之觀測資料可包括以下各者中之一或多者：報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150 ）在相遇之時間時或此時間附近之時間、日期、當前位置、速度及行進方向，以及SSID，接收信號強度，或與經遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相關之其他資訊。另外，觀測資料可包括在遇到所關注的給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）的相同時間時或此時間附近而來自經遇到之其他範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 或600 ）之上文提及之資訊中之任一者。觀測資料可經直接報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）或Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）。Continuing, FIG. 10B shows that one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b ) are reported by a wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 10A ) based on the encounter according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. , 600c ) an example of the observation data 1080. As previously discussed, a wireless device (eg, 150 of FIG. 10A ) can report observation data via a cellular or any other network connection. Each report of observation data can include at least one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) encountered unique identification information such as BSSID, sensor data, and some Specific examples include location information of one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c) encountered. In some specific examples, the observation data for a given Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) may include one or more of the following: report wireless devices (e.g., Figure 10A 150 ) time, date, current position, speed and direction of travel at the time of encounter or near this time, as well as SSID, received signal strength, or experience with Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a) , 600b , 600c ) other related information. In addition, the observation data can include the Wi-Fi access points in other areas encountered at the same time or near this time when they encounter the given Wi-Fi access point of interest (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c). Any of the above-mentioned information of the Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600). The observation data can be directly reported to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) or a Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ).

唯一識別資訊可包括可用於唯一地識別經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之任何資訊，該Wi-Fi存取點包括自其傳輸之信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框的任何僅有欄位，該等訊框可用於或重新用於傳送關於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）或與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯之感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）之感測器資料或其他資訊。舉例而言，由於BSSID之唯一性質，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之BSSID可用於唯一地識別經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ），及在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中之實體地在其上安置有該Wi-Fi存取點上、附接有該Wi-Fi存取點或與該Wi-Fi存取點整合且邏輯上與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯之感測器/資產（例如，1020 ，1030 ，1040 ，1050 ）。然而，與管理訊框一起包含之MAC位址、SSID及/或其他欄位可用於進一步將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）識別為感測器及/或資產追蹤類型之Wi-Fi存取點或以其他方式用於感測器及/或資產追蹤任務。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用可用於唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之任何資訊，該資訊作為信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）、探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）或其他管理訊框之部分而自Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）傳輸。The unique identification information can include any information that can be used to uniquely identify the Wi-Fi access point encountered (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ), and the Wi-Fi access point includes the beacon signal transmitted from it Frame (for example, 220 in Fig. 2C or 220s in Fig. 8 ), detection response frame (for example, 240 in Fig. 2C or 240s in Fig. 8 ) or any other management frame only field, these frames can be used for Or re-used to transmit information about Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) or sensors/assets associated with the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ) Sensor data or other information. For example, due to the unique nature of the BSSID, the BSSID of a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) can be used to uniquely identify the Wi-Fi access point encountered (e.g., 500 , 600a) , 600b , 600c ), and physically placed on the Wi-Fi access point and attached to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11) Fi access point or a sensor/asset integrated with the Wi-Fi access point and logically associated with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 1020 , 1030 , 1040 , 1050 ). However, the MAC address, SSID, and/or other fields included with the management frame can be used to further identify Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) as sensors and/or assets Wi-Fi access points of the tracking type may be used for sensor and/or asset tracking tasks in other ways. Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that any information that can be used to uniquely identify a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c) can be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. The information is stored from Wi-Fi as a beacon frame (for example, 220 in Figure 2C or 220s in Figure 8 ), a detection response frame (for example, 240 in Figure 2C or 240s in Figure 8 ) or other management frames. Take points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) for transmission.

該位置資訊可包括表示諸如緯度及經度之位置之針對Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）所報告的座標，或可用於判定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之位置的任何其他資訊。舉例而言，可用於判定特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之位置的其他資訊可包括RSSI、指紋識別、到達角、飛行時間或與所關注Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相關的其他資料、或有助於定位之與其他附近範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 或600 ）相關的任何資訊。The location information may include the reported coordinates of the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) indicating the location such as latitude and longitude, or can be used to determine the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) any other information. For example, other information that can be used to determine the location of a specific Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ) can include RSSI, fingerprint recognition, angle of arrival, flight time, or related Wi-Fi storage Obtain other data related to points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c ), or any information related to other nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 ) that help locate.

所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，由報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）基於與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）相遇所報告之資訊的類型及種類可基於應用或設計而變化，但必須至少包括經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ，600a ，600b ，600c ）之唯一識別資訊及與其相關之位置資訊。Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the reporting wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) is based on the connection with Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b). , 600c ) The type and type of information reported by the encounter can vary based on the application or design, but it must at least include the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point encountered (for example, 500 , 600a , 600b , 600c) and Location information related to it.

繼續，圖10C 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）儲存或產生的資產資料1090 之實例。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可將特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖10A 的500 ）之唯一識別資訊（諸如BSSID）與特定資產（例如，圖10A 的1020 ）相關聯，該Wi-Fi存取點安置在該特定資產上、附接至該特定資產或與該特定資產整合以識別感測器/資產（例如，圖10A 的1020 ）。一旦相關聯，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）就可使用由遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖10A 的500 ）之一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）直接地或間接地報告之觀測資料以被動地追蹤感測器/資產（例如，圖10A 的1020 ），且在許多情況下無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）或其使用者未意識到其正在參與資產追蹤任務。Continuing, FIG. 10C shows an example of asset data 1090 stored or generated by a sensor and/or an asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can associate the unique identification information (such as BSSID) of a specific Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 10A) with a specific asset (for example, FIG. 10A, 1020) associated with a Wi-Fi access point disposed on the particular asset, attached to the particular asset or assets integrated to identify the particular sensor / assets (e.g., 1020 in FIG. 10A). Once associated, the sensor and/or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in Figure 11 ) can be used by one or more wireless devices ( e.g., 500 in Figure 10A ) that encounter a Wi-Fi access point ( For example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) directly or indirectly report observations to passively track sensors/assets (for example, 1020 in FIG. 10A ), and in many cases wireless devices (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) or Its users are not aware that they are participating in asset tracking tasks.

感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可接收且儲存直接自直接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）獲得之觀測資料或自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）獲得之觀測資料，該直接報告無線裝置報告與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之相遇。觀測資料至少包括經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之諸如BSSID的唯一識別資訊及經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）亦可儲存以下各者中之一或多者：用於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖10A 的500 ）及與其相關聯之感測器/資產（例如，圖10A 的1020 ）的最後已知位置、用於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖10A 的500 ）及與其相關聯之感測器/資產（例如，圖10A 的1020 ）的最後已知位置之歷史，及Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖10A 的500 ）及與其相關聯之感測器/資產（例如，圖10A 的1020 ）的當前位置。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）亦可接收且儲存以下各者中之一或多者：報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）在相遇之時間時或此時間附近之時間、日期、當前位置、速度及行進方向、以及SSID、接收信號強度，或關於經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）的其他資訊。另外，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可接收且儲存在遇到所關注Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之相同時間時或此時間附近而來自經遇到之其他範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 或600 ）的上文所提及之資訊中之任一者。The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can receive and store observation data directly obtained from a direct reporting wireless device (for example, 150a in FIG. 11 ) or from a Wi-Fi AP database (for example, , 1130 in FIG. 11 ), the direct report wireless device reports an encounter with a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ). Observation data includes at least one or more Wi-Fi access points encountered (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) unique identification information such as BSSID and one or more Wi-Fi access points encountered (For example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) location information. The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ) can also store one or more of the following: for Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in Figure 10A ) and related The last known location of the associated sensor/asset (e.g., 1020 in FIG. 10A ), used for Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 in FIG. 10A ), and the sensors/assets associated with it (e.g., The history of the last known location at 1020 in FIG. 10A , and the current location of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 10A ) and associated sensors/assets (for example, 1020 in FIG. 10A ). The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) may also receive and store one or more of the following: report the wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11 ) at the time of encounter or The time, date, current location, speed and direction of travel around this time, as well as SSID, received signal strength, or other information about the Wi-Fi access point encountered (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ). In addition, the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can be received and stored at the same time when the Wi-Fi access point concerned (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11) is encountered or Any one of the above-mentioned information from Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600) in other ranges encountered near this time.

在某些具體實例中，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可基於待追蹤之可移動感測器/資產（例如，圖11 的700 ）之相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之最後已知的經報告位置來判定用於該可移動感測器/資產之位置。然而，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1010 ）可使用以下各者中之一或多者：關於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之位置的歷史資料、時間、日期、最後已知位置及至Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之接收信號強度，以及時間、日期、位置、最後已知位置、及至所關注Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）附近的已知Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 或600 ）之接收信號強度。取決於可用資訊，熟知的GPS、Wi-Fi、位置服務、三邊量測、三角量測及任何其他定位技術可用於判定或改進所關注的特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之位置判定的準確度且相關聯地判定或改進感測器/資產（例如，圖11 的700 ）之位置。由此，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可在一段時間內產生特定感測器/資產（例如，圖11 的700 ）之位置的歷史趨向及關於該特定感測器/資產之可能其他的資訊。因此，追蹤準確度可基於由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）獲得之觀測之數目而增加。Associated certain instances, the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) may be based on the tracking of the movable sensor / assets (e.g., 700 of FIG. 11) of Wi -The last known reported location of the Fi access point (eg, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) is used to determine the location of the movable sensor/asset. However, the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1010 in FIG. 11 ) may use one or more of the following: Regarding Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) Location history data, time, date, last known location and received signal strength to Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ), and time, date, location, last known location, and to the point of interest wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 11) near the known wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600) of the received signal strength. Depending on the available information, well-known GPS, Wi-Fi, location services, trilateral measurement, triangulation, and any other positioning techniques can be used to determine or improve the specific Wi-Fi access point of interest (for example, Figure 11 500 or 600 ) the accuracy of the location determination and determine or improve the location of the sensor/asset (for example, 700 in FIG. 11 ) in association with each other. Thus, the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can generate a historical trend of the location of a specific sensor/asset (for example, 700 in FIG. 11) and information about the specific sensor/asset within a period of time. Possible other information of the sensor/asset. Therefore, the tracking accuracy can be increased based on the number of observations obtained by the sensor and/or the asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11).

出於實例的目的，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可包括資料結構，其包括自遇到範圍中習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11的500）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的600 ）的無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）直接地或間接地接收之時間、日期、GPS或當前位置（例如緯度（「GPS LAT」）及經度（「GPS LNG」））、SSID、BSSID及經發現習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的600 ）之接收信號強度作為每一報告之部分。經發現習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的600 ）之BSSID可與在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）內經追蹤之特定感測器/資產（例如，700 ）相關聯或用於參考該特定感測器/資產。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可接收、計算或估計經發現Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之最後已知（「AP LK」）位置。若Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之最後已知位置並非已知的，則其可由報告了Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之觀測之最新無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）之GPS或當前位置來估計，或運用熟知的定位技術來判定或進一步改進。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可基於可用資訊來計算用於一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之當前（「AP CUR」）位置，且相關地計算其相關聯的感測器/資產（例如，圖11 的700 ）之當前位置。所屬領域中具通常知識者將瞭解，基於一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 或600 ）之最後已知位置（若存在）、報告與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之相遇的一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）之GPS或當前位置（若可用）及其相對接收信號強度以及與其相關的可能其他資訊來計算位置可用來使用熟知定位及位置改進技術來判定及/或改進一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）及與其相關聯的感測器/資產（例如，圖11 的700 ）之位置判定。經計算當前位置可儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中作為其中可定位有特定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）且相關地定位有相關聯的感測器/資產（例如圖11 的700 ）之位置的最佳估計值。可隨時間推移運用藉由進入Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之範圍中之其他無線裝置（例如，150 ）之較多觀測來增強位置判定之準確度。For example purposes, the sensor and/or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11 ) may include a data structure that includes Wi-Fi access points known from the range of encounters (e.g., FIG. 11 500) or pseudo Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 600 in FIG. 11) of the wireless device (e.g., 150) directly or indirectly receiving the time, date, GPS, or the current position 11 (e.g. latitude ( ' GPS LAT”) and longitude (“GPS LNG”)), SSID, BSSID, and known Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in Figure 11 ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access points (for example, Figure 11 600 ) of the received signal strength as part of each report. It has been discovered that the BSSID of a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 11 ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 11 ) can be linked to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (For example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) a tracked specific sensor/asset (for example, 700 ) is associated with or used to refer to the specific sensor/asset. The sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ) can receive, calculate or estimate the last known ("AP LK) access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11) found ")Location. If the last known location of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) is not known, it can be observed from the reported Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) The latest wireless device (for example, 150 in Figure 11 ) is estimated by GPS or the current position, or the well-known positioning technology is used to determine or further improve. Sensors and / or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11) can be calculated based on the available information for one or more Wi-Fi access point (eg, 11, 500 or 600) of the current ( " AP CUR") location, and calculate the current location of its associated sensor/asset (for example, 700 in FIG. 11). Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will understand that based on the last known location (if any) of one or more Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 or 600 ), reports, and Wi-Fi access points (e.g., Figure 11 500 or 600 ) of one or more wireless devices (for example, Figure 11 150 ) GPS or current location (if available) and its relative received signal strength and possible other information related to it to calculate the location can be used Use well-known positioning and location improvement techniques to determine and/or improve one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) and sensors/assets associated with them (for example, 700 in FIG. 11 ) ) The location determination. The calculated current position can be stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ) as a specific Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) and related The best estimate of the location of the associated sensor/asset (e.g. 700 in Figure 11) is located. More observations of other wireless devices (for example, 150 ) entering the range of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) can be used to enhance the accuracy of location determination over time.

所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）可基於應用或設計來接收、產生或儲存與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）相關之任何其他相關資料、與該Wi-Fi存取點相關聯之感測器/資產（例如，圖11 的700 ）或與資產追蹤任務相關之任何其他資訊。Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) can be received, generated, or based on the application or design. Store any other relevant data related to the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ), sensors/assets associated with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 700 in Figure 11 ) or Any other information related to the asset tracking task.

圖10D 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之用戶端入口1120 的實例。使用者（圖中未示）可經由用戶端入口1120 存取包含於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）內之資料。用戶端入口1120 可向使用者提供存取儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中之資料中的至少一些之能力。舉例而言，使用者可詢問特定感測器/資產（諸如Assetl ）之感測器資料之值或位置，該特定資產為水泥攪拌車。用戶端入口1120 向感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）提出查詢，接收經請求資料，該資料在此狀況下可包括資產（例如，圖11 的1120 ）之唯一識別資訊以及其最後已知位置，且視情況包括展示最後已知位置之地圖。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，藉由用戶端入口1120 與資料介接、相互作用且顯示資料可基於應用或設計而變化。FIG. 10D shows an example of a client portal 1120 to a sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. The user (not shown in the figure) can access the data contained in the sensor and/or the asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) through the client portal 1120 . The client portal 1120 can provide the user with the ability to access at least some of the data stored in the sensor and/or the asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11). For example, the user may inquire about the value or location of the sensor data of a specific sensor/asset (such as Asset1), which is a cement mixer truck. The client portal 1120 makes a query to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Fig. 11 ), and receives the requested data, which may include the uniqueness of the asset (for example, 1120 in Fig. 11) in this situation Identify information and its last known location, and optionally include a map showing the last known location. Those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the user portal 1120 interfaces with, interacts with, and displays data based on applications or designs.

圖11 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之用於使用一或多個Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 的觀測進行被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之系統1100 。系統1100 可包括軟體應用程式，其包含在計算系統1200 上執行之感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 及提供對儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 中之資料的感測器及/或資產追蹤用戶端（圖中未示）存取之用戶端入口1120 。FIG. 11 shows a system 1100 for passive sensor and/or asset tracking using observations of one or more Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. The system 1100 may include a software application program that includes a sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 running on the computing system 1200 and provides sensing of data stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 Access to the client terminal 1120 for access to the device and/or asset tracking client (not shown in the figure).

在某些具體實例中，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可為資料庫軟體應用程式，其包含執行管家軟體功能之後端、提供資料處理功能之資料庫管理系統（database management system；「DBMS」）、含有觀測資料及其他資料之資料儲存區（文字資料庫）、一或多個管理介面，及至資產追蹤資料庫1110 中所含有的資料之一或多個其他介面。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可包括部署根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之資料庫類型應用程式所必需的所屬領域中熟知的其他軟體、功能及特徵。在某些具體實例中，用戶端入口1120 可為基於網頁之入口（未單獨說明），其提供對儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 中之資料的存取。在其他具體實例中，用戶端入口1120 可為獨立軟體應用程式（未單獨說明），其提供對儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 中之資料的存取。在另其他具體實例中，用戶端入口1120 可為與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 整合以提供對感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 之前端存取的介面。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，用戶端入口1120 可包括存取且使用資料庫中所含有的資料所必需的所屬領域中熟知之其他軟體、功能及特徵。In some specific examples, the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 can be a database software application, which includes a database management system that executes the functions of the housekeeper software and provides data processing functions (database management system; "DBMS"), a data storage area (text database) containing observation data and other data, one or more management interfaces, and one or more other interfaces to the data contained in the asset tracking database 1110. Those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 may include other well-known in the art necessary for the deployment of database-type applications according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. Software, functions and features. In some specific examples, the client portal 1120 may be a web-based portal (not separately described), which provides access to data stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 . In other specific examples, the client portal 1120 may be an independent software application (not separately described) that provides access to data stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 . In another specific example, the client portal 1120 may be integrated with the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 to provide an interface for front-end access to the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110. Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the client portal 1120 may include other software well-known in the field necessary to access and use the data contained in the database, Functions and features.

在開始時，重要的是認識到，圖中之符號分界線1140 右邊所描繪之所有內容（僅包括以增強理解）（除了安置在感測器720 上、附接至該感測器或與其整合的習知的Wi-Fi存取點500 或偽Wi-Fi存取點600 之外）表示現有基礎設施，其表示使用者及基礎設施之智慧型電話生態系統。根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，可利用參與此生態系統之無線裝置（例如，150 ）（包括其經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點的固有報告特徵）的行為，以在可能未意識到之情況下被動地追蹤資產。重要的是，就Wi-Fi無線網路及相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點之識別而言，無線裝置（例如，150 ）無法區分習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 ）與偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，600 ）。At the beginning, it is important to realize that all the content depicted on the right side of the symbolic boundary 1140 in the figure (included only to enhance understanding) (except for being placed on, attached to, or integrated with the sensor 720) (Except the conventional Wi-Fi access point 500 or pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600 ) represents the existing infrastructure, which represents the smart phone ecosystem of users and infrastructure. According to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the behaviors of wireless devices participating in this ecosystem (for example, 150 ) (including the inherent reporting characteristics of the Wi-Fi access points they have encountered) can be used to prevent Passively track assets when aware. It is important that in terms of the identification of Wi-Fi wireless networks and associated Wi-Fi access points, wireless devices (e.g., 150 ) cannot distinguish between conventional Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 ) and Pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 ).

在某些具體實例中，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可間接自第三方Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 獲得觀測資料，該第三方Wi-Fi AP資料庫典型地基於用來提高位置服務之準確性的觀測資料之報告以自一或多個無線裝置（例如，150b ，150c ，150d ）接收觀測。在此類具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 可為藉由無線裝置（例如，150 ）之原始設備製造商、在無線裝置（例如，150 ）上執行之作業系統的作業系統開發者或第三方軟體開發者與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 分離地且隔開地獨立建立、操作且維持的資料庫。舉例而言，在某些具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 可為Apple® iOS® 、Google® Android® 或Microsoft® 基於位置之服務資料庫，其典型地用於提高用於其各別終端使用者之位置判定準確度。在其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 可為觀測的資料庫，其包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊及關於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之位置的資訊，該等資訊在商業上由包括例如Cisco Systems® 、Facebook® 、WhatsApp® 、X-Mode® 、Ruckus® 及Skyhook® 之第三方提供。一或多個無線裝置（例如，150a ）可將觀測資料報告至Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 ，以用於儲存在無線裝置之資料庫中，且感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可自Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 獲得觀測資料以用於資產追蹤任務，而無需就Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 、報告無線裝置（例如，150b ，150c ，150d ）或其使用者而言意識到正參與資產追蹤任務。經報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 之觀測資料及藉由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 獲得之觀測資料可或可不相同，但藉由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 獲得之觀測資料至少包括與感測器/資產720 相關聯之經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）的唯一識別資訊及位置資訊。由此，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，藉由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 獲得之觀測資料可為子集、超集，或不同於由Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 儲存的觀測資料。In some specific examples, the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 can obtain observation data indirectly from a third-party Wi-Fi AP database 1130 , which is typically based on the data used to improve the location. The accuracy of the service is reported by observation data received from one or more wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d ). In such specific example, Wi-Fi AP database may be by wireless device 1130 (e.g., 150) of the original equipment manufacturer, in the wireless device (e.g., 150) the execution of the operating system on the operating system developer or A database that the third-party software developer and the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 independently create, operate, and maintain separately and separately. For example, in some specific instances, the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 may be an Apple ® iOS ® , Google ® Android ® or Microsoft ® location-based service database, which is typically used to improve applications for their respective The accuracy of the end user's location determination. In other specific examples, the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 may be an observation database, which includes unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) and information about the Wi-Fi access point (For example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) location information, which is commercially provided by third parties including Cisco Systems ® , Facebook ® , WhatsApp ® , X-Mode ® , Ruckus ® and Skyhook ®. One or more wireless devices (for example, 150a ) can report observation data to the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 for storage in the database of the wireless device, and the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 can Observation data is obtained from the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 for asset tracking tasks, without the need for Wi-Fi AP database 1130 , reporting wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d ) or their users to be aware of the right Participate in asset tracking tasks. The observation data reported to the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 and the observation data obtained by the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 may or may not be the same, but by the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 The obtained observation data includes at least the unique identification information and location information of the Wi-Fi access point encountered (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) associated with the sensor/asset 720. Therefore, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the observation data obtained by the sensor and/or the asset tracking database 1110 can be a subset, a superset, or different from the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 Stored observation data.

在其他具體實例中，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可直接自一或多個直接報告無線裝置（例如，150a ）獲得觀測資料，且亦可自Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 獲得觀測資料，該Wi-Fi AP資料庫自一或多個間接報告無線裝置（例如，150b ，150c ，150d ）接收觀測。在此類混合式具體實例中，觀測資料可直接經報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 ，及/或藉助於Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 而間接報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可將優先選擇貨值給予與經間接報告之觀測資料不同之直接報告的觀測資料。該優選可用於藉由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 進行之位置判定。In other specific examples, the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 can directly obtain observation data from one or more direct reporting wireless devices (for example, 150a ), and can also obtain observations from the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 Data, the Wi-Fi AP database receives observations from one or more indirect reporting wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d). In such hybrid concrete examples, the observation data can be directly reported to the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 , and/or indirectly reported to the sensor and/or via the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 Asset tracking database 1110 . The sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 can give priority to the directly reported observation data that is different from the indirect reported observation data. This preference can be used for location determination by sensors and/or asset tracking database 1110.

在另其他具體實例中，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可直接自一或多個直接報告無線裝置（例如，150a ）獲得觀測資料。在此類具體實例中，一或多個無線裝置（例如，150a ）可將觀測資料直接報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 ，以用於資產追蹤任務中。觀測資料之報告可如本文中較詳細地所論述而經接收且處理，且儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 中，該資產追蹤資料庫可充當功能等效物且代替Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 。In another specific example, the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 may directly obtain observation data from one or more direct reporting wireless devices (eg, 150a). In such specific examples, one or more wireless devices (for example, 150a ) can directly report the observation data to the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 for use in asset tracking tasks. The observation data report can be received and processed as discussed in more detail in this article, and stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 , which can serve as a functional equivalent and replace Wi-Fi. Fi AP database 1130 .

出於說明的目的，一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）可安置於希望追蹤之一或多個可移動感測器/資產（例如，700 ）上、附接至該等可移動感測器/資產或與其整合。Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊可用於唯一地識別在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 中實體地且在邏輯上與感測器700 相關聯的感測器/資產700 。一或多個感測器/資產700 接著可部署在場域中且無需共置。有利地，經部署之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）不需要任何網路或任何種類的通信連接性，亦不需要其接收GPS信號，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分，取決於給定應用，該等Wi-Fi存取點僅僅必須廣播習知的或偽信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）或運用習知的或偽探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）來回應於探測請求訊框（例如，圖2C 的230 ），該等訊框中之每一者包括習知的Wi-Fi存取點500 或偽Wi-Fi存取點600 之唯一識別資訊。For illustrative purposes, one or more Wi-Fi access points (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) may be placed on one or more movable sensors/assets (e.g., 700 ) wishing to track, Attach to or integrate with these movable sensors/assets. The unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) can be used to uniquely identify physically and logically related to the sensor 700 in the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 700 connected sensors/assets. One or more sensors/assets 700 can then be deployed in the field and need not be co-located. Advantageously, the deployed Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) does not require any network or any kind of communication connectivity, nor does it need to receive GPS signals as a Wi-Fi wireless network As part of the discovery process, depending on a given application, these Wi-Fi access points only have to broadcast known or pseudo-beacon frames (for example, 220 in Figure 2C or 220s in Figure 8 ) or use conventional or Pseudo detection response frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) to respond to the detection request frame (for example, 230 in FIG. 2C ), each of these frames includes the conventional Wi-Fi Unique identification information of access point 500 or pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600.

當一或多個無線裝置（例如，150 ）進入安置在一或多個感測器/資產700 上、附接至該等感測器/資產或與其整合之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）的範圍中時，每一範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）可廣播其習知的或偽各別信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）或運用探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）來回應於探測請求訊框（例如，圖2C 的230 ），該等訊框中之每一者包括可由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 使用以唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之資訊及可能適用於資產追蹤任務之其他資訊，該資產追蹤任務包括信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）或探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）中之某些資訊的定製使用。一或多個無線裝置150可基於應用或設計直接將經遇到之範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11的500或600）之觀測資料報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110及/或Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130。When one or more wireless devices (for example, 150 ) are placed on, attached to, or integrated with one or more sensors/assets 700 to access one or more Wi-Fi When a point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) is in the range, the Wi-Fi access point in each range (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) can broadcast its conventional or pseudo-individual beacon frame (For example, 220 in FIG. 2C or 220s in FIG. 8 ) or using a detection response frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) to respond to a detection request frame (for example, 230 in FIG. 2C ). Each of the frames includes information that can be used by the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 to uniquely identify the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) and may be suitable for asset tracking tasks For other information, the asset tracking task includes certain information in the beacon frame (for example, 220 in Figure 2C or 220s in Figure 8 ) or detection response frame (for example, 240 in Figure 2C or 240s in Figure 8) Customized use. One or more wireless devices 150 can directly report the observation data of the Wi-Fi access point in the encountered range (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11) to the sensor and/or asset tracking data based on the application or design Database 1110 and/or Wi-Fi AP database 1130.

如先前論述，無線裝置150 經由蜂巢式或其他連接來報告觀測資料。觀測資料至少包括經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之諸如BSSID的唯一識別資訊及經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊。位置資訊可包括諸如緯度及經度之座標或可用於判定經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之位置的其他資訊。在某些具體實例中，用於給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料可包括以下各者中之一或多者：報告無線裝置150 在相遇之時間時或此時間附近之時間、日期、當前位置、速度及行進方向，以及SSID，接收信號強度，或與經遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）相關之其他資訊。另外，觀測資料可包括在遇到所關注的給定Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）的相同時間時或此時間附近而來自經遇到之其他範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，500 或600 ）之上文提及之資訊中之任一者。在一些狀況下，可能結合其他資訊以使用報告無線裝置150 在相遇之時間時或此時間附近的當前位置，以自相遇之時間及日期起來建立經遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之位置。As previously discussed, the wireless device 150 reports observation data via a cellular or other connection. Observation data includes at least one or more Wi-Fi access points encountered (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) unique identification information such as BSSID and one or more Wi-Fi access points encountered (For example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ) location information. The location information may include coordinates such as latitude and longitude or other information that can be used to determine the location of the Wi-Fi access point encountered (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ). In some specific examples, the observation data for a given Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11 ) may include one or more of the following: report the time when the wireless device 150 meets Time, date, current location, speed and direction of travel at or near this time, as well as SSID, received signal strength, or other information related to encountering a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11) . In addition, the observation data can include the Wi-Fi in other ranges encountered at or near the same time when the given Wi-Fi access point of interest (eg, 500 or 600 in FIG. 11) is encountered. Any of the above-mentioned information of the access point (for example, 500 or 600). In some cases, it may be used in conjunction with other information to report the current location of the wireless device 150 at or near the time of encounter, and establish the encountered Wi-Fi access point based on the time and date of the encounter (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 11 ).

觀測資料可直接報告給藉由無線裝置150 之原始設備製造商、在無線裝置150 上執行之作業系統的作業系統開發者或第三方軟體開發者維持之Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 及/或本發明之用於追蹤資產之專用感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 。若無線裝置150 在相遇時不具有網路能力，則一或多個無線裝置150 可在大致的相遇時間時或稍後來報告其與範圍中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 或600 ）之相遇。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可使用直接自一或多個無線裝置（例如，150a ）獲得之觀測資料及/或自Wi-Fi AP資料庫1130 獲得之資料（例如，來自150b 、150c 、150d ）以識別且定位一或多個感測器/資產（例如，700 ），該等感測器/資產之資料可儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 中。取決於經接收之資料類型，感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫1110 可基於可用的相關資訊來操縱、外推或產生儲存其中之額外資料。Observational data can be reported directly to original equipment manufacturers by the wireless device 150, the execution of the operating system on a wireless device 150 operating system developers or third-party software developers to maintain the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 and / or this Invented a dedicated sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 for tracking assets. If the wireless device 150 does not have the capability to meet the web, then one or more wireless devices 150 may substantially meet at the time or later reported with the range 500 Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 11 or FIG. 600 ) encounter. The sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 can use observation data obtained directly from one or more wireless devices (e.g., 150a ) and/or data obtained from the Wi-Fi AP database 1130 (e.g., from 150b , 150c , 150d ) to identify and locate one or more sensors/assets (for example, 700 ), and the data of these sensors/assets can be stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 . Depending on the type of data received, the sensor and/or asset tracking database 1110 can manipulate, extrapolate, or generate additional data stored therein based on the available relevant information.

雖然已經記載計算系統1200 之各個具體實例，但所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，可根據本發明之一或多個具體實例基於應用或設計而整體或部分地整合、分佈或排除子集、超集或其功能或特徵之組合，且本記載內容不意欲限制可實施之計算系統1200 的類型、種類或配置，其包括其中涵蓋、整合、分佈、分隔開或排除根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之各個態樣或特徵的類型、種類或配置。 Although various specific examples of the computing system 1200 have been described, those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more specific examples of the present invention can be integrated, distributed, or excluded in whole or in part based on applications or designs. , A superset or a combination of functions or features, and the content of this description is not intended to limit the type, type, or configuration of the computing system 1200 that can be implemented, which includes including, integrating, distributing, separating, or excluding one of them according to the present invention Or the types, types, or configurations of various aspects or features of multiple specific instances.

圖12 展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之計算系統1200 。感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）及用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）中之一或多者可為含有軟體指令之軟體應用程式，該等軟體指令在由一或多個計算系統1200 之處理器執行時而執行本文中所描述之方法中之一或多者。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，本文中所記載之計算系統1200 僅僅例示性說明可用於執行上文所提及之軟體方法中之任一者的計算系統，且根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用所屬領域中熟知的其他計算系統。Fig. 12 shows a computing system 1200 according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. One or more of the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Fig. 11 ) and the client portal (for example, 1120 in Fig. 11 ) may be software applications containing software commands. These software commands When executed by one or more processors of the computing system 1200 , one or more of the methods described herein are performed. Those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that the computing system 1200 described herein is merely illustrative of a computing system that can be used to execute any of the above-mentioned software methods, and according to one of the present invention or Many specific examples can use other computing systems well known in the art.

計算系統1200 可包括有時被稱作處理器（在下文中以單數形式被稱為「CPU」或以複數形式被稱為「CPUs」）之一或多個中央處理單元1205 、主機橋接器1210 、輸入/輸出（「IO」）橋接器1215 、圖形處理單元（單數形式的「GPU」或複數形式的「GPUs」）1225 ，及/或安置在一或多個印刷電路板（圖中未示）上之特殊應用積體電路（單數形式的「ASIC」或複數形式的「ASICs」）（圖中未示），該等印刷電路板執行計算操作。一或多個CPU1205 、GPU1225 或ASIC（圖中未示）中之每一者可為單核（未單獨地說明）裝置或多核（未單獨地說明）裝置。多核裝置典型地包括安置於同一實體晶粒（圖中未示）上之複數個核心（圖中未示），或安置在共同地安置於同一機械封裝（圖中未示）內之多個晶粒（圖中未示）上的複數個核心（圖中未示）。The computing system 1200 may include one or more central processing units 1205 , host bridges 1210 , Input/output ("IO") bridge 1215 , graphics processing unit ("GPU" in the singular form or "GPUs" in the plural) 1225 , and/or placed on one or more printed circuit boards (not shown) Special application integrated circuits (“ASIC” in the singular form or “ASICs” in the plural form) (not shown in the figure) on the special application integrated circuit on the above, these printed circuit boards perform calculation operations. Each of the one or more CPU 1205 , GPU 1225, or ASIC (not shown) may be a single-core (not separately illustrated) device or a multi-core (not separately illustrated) device. Multi-core devices typically include multiple cores (not shown in the figure) arranged on the same physical die (not shown in the figure), or multiple chips arranged in the same mechanical package (not shown in the figure). Multiple cores (not shown in the figure) on the grain (not shown in the figure).

CPU1205 可為典型地經組態以執行軟體指令之通用計算裝置。CPU1205 可包括至主機橋接器1210 之介面1208 、至系統記憶體1220 之介面FIG ，及至一或多個IO裝置（諸如一或多個GPU1225 ）之介面1223 。GPU1225 可充當典型地經組態以執行與訊框緩衝器操縱相關的圖形功能之專用計算裝置。然而，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，GPU1225 可用於執行在計算上密集的非圖形相關功能。在某些具體實例中，GPU1225 可與CPU1205 直接介接1223 （且藉由CPU1205 與系統記憶體1220 介接1218 ）。在其他具體實例中，GPU1225 可與主機橋接器1210 介接1221 （且取決於應用或設計而藉由主機橋接器1210 或CPU1205 與系統記憶體1220 介接1216 或1218 ）。在另其他具體實例中，GPU1225 可與IO橋接器1215 介接1233 （且取決於應用或設計而藉由主機橋接器1210 或CPU1205 與系統記憶體1220 介接1216 或1218 ）。GPU1225 之功能性可與CPU1205 整體或部分地整合。The CPU 1205 may be a general-purpose computing device that is typically configured to execute software instructions. The CPU 1205 may include an interface 1208 to the host bridge 1210 , an interface FIG to the system memory 1220 , and an interface 1223 to one or more IO devices (such as one or more GPU 1225 ). The GPU 1225 may act as a dedicated computing device that is typically configured to perform graphics functions related to frame buffer manipulation. However, those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that GPU 1225 can be used to perform computationally intensive non-graphics related functions. In some specific examples, the GPU 1225 may directly interface 1223 with the CPU 1205 (and through the CPU 1205 interface 1218 with the system memory 1220 ). In other specific examples, the GPU 1225 may interface with the host bridge 1210 1221 (and depending on the application or design, the host bridge 1210 or the CPU 1205 may interface with the system memory 1220 1216 or 1218 ). In another specific example, the GPU 1225 may interface with the IO bridge 1215 1233 (and depending on the application or design, the host bridge 1210 or the CPU 1205 may interface with the system memory 1220 1216 or 1218 ). The functionality of the GPU 1225 can be integrated with the CPU 1205 in whole or in part.

主機橋接器1210 可為介面裝置，其在一或多個計算裝置與IO橋接器1215 及在一些具體實例中為系統記憶體1220 之間介接。對於CPU1205 不包括至系統記憶體1220 之介面1218 、至系統記憶體1220 之介面1216 之具體實例，主機橋接器1210 可包括至CPU1205 之介面1208 、至IO橋接器1215 之介面1213 ，且對於CPU1205 不包括整合式GPU1225 或至GPU1225 之介面1223 之具體實例，該主機橋接器可包括至GPU1225 之介面1221 。主機橋接器1210 之功能性可與CPU1205 整體或部分地整合。IO橋接器1215 可為介面裝置，其在一或多個計算裝置與各種IO裝置（例如，1240 ，1245 ）及IO擴展或附加裝置（未單獨說明）之間介接。IO橋接器1215 可包括至主機橋接器1210 之介面1213 、至一或多個IO擴展裝置1235 之一或多個介面1233 、至鍵盤1240 之介面1238 、至滑鼠1245 之介面1243 、至一或多個本地儲存裝置1250 之介面1248 ，及至一或多個網路介面裝置1255 之介面1253 。IO橋接器1215 之功能性可與CPU1205 及/或主機橋接器1210 整體或部分地整合。每一本地儲存裝置1250 （若存在）可為固態記憶體裝置、固態記憶體裝置陣列、硬碟機、硬碟機陣列，或任何其他非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體。網路介面裝置1255 可提供包括適於有助於網路連接通信之任一網路協定的一或多個網路介面。The host bridge 1210 may be an interface device that interfaces between one or more computing devices and the IO bridge 1215 and, in some specific examples, the system memory 1220 . For CPU 1205 is not included to the system memory 1220 of interface 1218, to the specific example of the system memory 1220 of interface 1216, the host bridge 1210 may include to the CPU interface 12081205 it, to the IO bridge interface 12131215 it, and for The CPU 1205 does not include specific examples of the integrated GPU 1225 or the interface 1223 to the GPU 1225 , and the host bridge may include the interface 1221 to the GPU 1225 . The functionality of the host bridge 1210 can be integrated with the CPU 1205 in whole or in part. The IO bridge 1215 may be an interface device that interfaces between one or more computing devices and various IO devices (for example, 1240 , 1245 ) and IO expansion or additional devices (not separately illustrated). The IO bridge 1215 may include an interface 1213 to the host bridge 1210 , one or more interfaces 1233 to one or more IO expansion devices 1235 , an interface 1238 to a keyboard 1240 , an interface 1243 to a mouse 1245 , to one or The interface 1248 of multiple local storage devices 1250 , and the interface 1253 to one or more network interface devices 1255 . The functionality of the IO bridge 1215 can be integrated with the CPU 1205 and/or the host bridge 1210 in whole or in part. Each local storage device 1250 (if present) can be a solid-state memory device, a solid-state memory device array, a hard disk drive, a hard disk drive array, or any other non-transitory computer-readable medium. The network interface device 1255 can provide one or more network interfaces including any network protocol suitable for facilitating network connection and communication.

除了一或多個本地儲存裝置1250 或代替該等本地儲存裝置，計算系統1200 亦可包括一或多個網路附接儲存裝置1260 。每一網路附接儲存裝置1260 （若存在）可為固態記憶體裝置、固態記憶體裝置陣列、硬碟機、硬碟機陣列，或任何其他非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體。網路附接儲存裝置1260 可或可不與計算系統1200 並置，且可經由由一或多個網路介面裝置1255 所提供之一或多個網路介面由計算系統1200 存取。In addition to or instead of one or more local storage devices 1250 , the computing system 1200 may also include one or more network-attached storage devices 1260 . Each network attached storage device 1260 (if present) can be a solid-state memory device, a solid-state memory device array, a hard disk drive, a hard disk drive array, or any other non-transitory computer-readable media. Network attached storage device 1260 may or may not be juxtaposed with the computing system 1200, and may be provided via the network interface by a plurality of devices or one or more network interfaces 1255 1200 accessed by the computing system.

所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，計算系統1200 可為習知的計算系統或專用計算系統（圖中未示）。在某些具體實例中，專用計算系統（圖中未示）可包括一或多個ASIC（圖中未示），其以更高效方式執行一或多個專用功能。一或多個ASIC（圖中未示）可與CPU1205 、主機橋接器1210 或GPU1225 直接介接，或藉由IO橋接器1215 介接。替代地，在其他具體實例中，可將專用計算系統（圖中未示）僅縮減至執行所要功能所必需之彼等組件，以致力於縮減晶片計數、印刷電路板佔據面積、熱設計功率及電力消耗中之一或多者。可使用一或多個ASIC（圖中未示）代替CPU1205 、主機橋接器1210 、IO橋接器1215 或GPU1225 中之一或多者。在此類系統中，一或多個ASIC可併有足夠的功能性以在具有實質上較少組件裝置之最小佔據面積中執行某些網路及計算功能。Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that the computing system 1200 can be a conventional computing system or a dedicated computing system (not shown in the figure). In some specific examples, a dedicated computing system (not shown in the figure) may include one or more ASICs (not shown in the figure) that perform one or more dedicated functions in a more efficient manner. One or more ASICs (not shown in the figure) may directly interface with the CPU 1205 , the host bridge 1210 or the GPU 1225 , or through the IO bridge 1215 . Alternatively, in other specific examples, the dedicated computing system (not shown in the figure) can be reduced to only those components necessary to perform the required functions, in order to reduce the chip count, printed circuit board area, thermal design power, and One or more of the power consumption. One or more ASICs (not shown in the figure) may be used instead of one or more of the CPU 1205 , the host bridge 1210 , the IO bridge 1215, or the GPU 1225 . In such systems, one or more ASICs may be combined with sufficient functionality to perform certain network and computing functions in the smallest footprint of a device with substantially fewer components.

由此，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，可整體或部分地基於應用、設計或外觀尺寸而整合、分佈或排除CPU1205 、主機橋接器1210 、IO橋接器1215 、GPU1225 或ASIC（圖中未示）或其功能或特徵之子集、超集或組合。因此，計算系統1200 之描述僅僅為例示性的且並不意欲限制組件裝置之類型、種類或組態，該等組件裝置構成適合執行根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之軟體方法的計算系統1200 。儘管有以上內容，但所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，計算系統1200 可為獨立式、膝上型、桌上型、工業、伺服器、刀片式或支架可安裝系統且可基於應用或設計而變化。Therefore, those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the CPU 1205 and the host bridge 1210 can be integrated, distributed, or eliminated based on the application, design, or size in whole or in part. , IO bridge 1215 , GPU 1225 or ASIC (not shown in the figure) or a subset, superset or combination of its functions or features. Therefore, the description of the computing system 1200 is merely illustrative and does not intend to limit the type, type, or configuration of component devices, which constitute a computing system suitable for executing the software method according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. 1200 . Despite the above, those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that the computing system 1200 can be a stand-alone, laptop, desktop, industrial, server, blade or rack mountable system and can be based on application or Design changes.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，一種被動感測器追蹤之方法可僅使用習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）的自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）接收到之觀測。作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）可傳輸包括感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之感測器資料的管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, a passive sensor tracking method can only use conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access points (for example, , 600 in Fig. 7A ) Observations received from the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Fig. 11). As part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, conventional Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access points (eg, 600 in FIG. 7A ) can transmit and include sensors (For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) The management frame of sensor data (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ).

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為由經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）的一或多個報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）所報告之觀測資料的資料庫。經報告之觀測資料可包括經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊及與其相關聯的額外資料，可能包括經遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之感測器資料及/或位置資訊。可與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）分離且隔開地建立、操作且維持Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）。在某些具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為藉由無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）之原始設備製造商維持之觀測資料的資料庫。在其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為藉由在無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）上執行之作業系統的作業系統開發者維持之觀測資料的資料庫。舉例而言，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為Apple® iOS® 、Google® Android® 或Microsoft® 之位置服務資料庫，其典型地用於改良用於其各別終端使用者之位置判定準確度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為藉由軟體開發者維持之觀測資料的資料庫。舉例而言，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11的1130）可為在商業上由Cisco Systems® 、Facebook® 、WhatsApp® 、X-Mode® 、Ruckus® 及Skyhook® 提供之觀測資料的資料庫。在另其他具體實例中，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為任何其他類型或種類的觀測資料之資料庫。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the Wi-Fi AP database (e.g., 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be one or more Wi-Fi access points encountered (e.g., 500 in FIG. 7A) . Or 600 ) a database of observation data reported by one or more reporting wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11). The reported observation data may include the unique identification information of one or more Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) and additional data associated with it, and may include one or more Wi-Fi access points encountered. Or sensor data and/or location information of multiple Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). Can be separated from the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) and spaced build, operate and maintain the Wi-Fi AP database (e.g., 1130 in FIG. 11). In some specific examples, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be a database of observation data maintained by the original equipment manufacturer of the wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11). In other specific examples, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be the observation data maintained by the operating system developer of the operating system running on the wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11) database. For example, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ) can be the location service database of Apple ® iOS ® , Google ® Android ® or Microsoft ® , which is typically used to improve its respective terminals The accuracy of the user's location determination. In another specific example, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be a database of observation data maintained by a software developer. For example, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11) can be commercial observation data provided by Cisco Systems ® , Facebook ® , WhatsApp ® , X-Mode ® , Ruckus ® and Skyhook ® Library. In another specific example, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be a database of any other types or types of observation data.

出於本記載內容的目的，可使用偽裝或仿真Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之至少部分的習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）。儘管如此，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，可使用能夠藉由廣播信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 ）或探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 ）偽裝或仿真Wi-Fi網路發現過程之至少部分的任何類型或種類的裝置。 For the purpose of this description, a conventional Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point can be used to disguise or simulate at least part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process (For example, 600 in Figure 7A ). Nevertheless, those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, a beacon frame (for example, 220 in FIG. 2C ) or a detection response frame (for example, , 240 in Figure 2C ) any type or kind of device that disguises or simulates at least part of the Wi-Fi network discovery process.

該方法可包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯。Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器系統（例如，圖7A 的700 ）可安置於資產上、附接至該資產或以其他方式與其整合，或置放於需要感測之位置中。唯一識別資訊可為唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之任何資訊，該資訊包括例如Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之BSSID。出於參與感測器及/或資產追蹤任務的目的，唯一識別資訊可輸入至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中，且在邏輯上與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯。另外，關於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）、感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）或可能資產之任何其他資訊可儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之相同或相關記錄中。The method may include a unique identifying information and sensors in the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) in the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of ( For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) is associated. The sensor system coupled to the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 700 in FIG. 7A ) can be placed on an asset, attached to the asset, or integrated with it in other ways, or placed in a location that needs to be sensed. The unique identification information can be any information that uniquely identifies the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), and the information includes, for example, the BSSID of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) . For the purpose of participating in sensor and/or asset tracking tasks, unique identification information can be input to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ), and logically related to the sensor ( For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) is associated. In addition, any other information about Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), sensors (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ), or possible assets can be stored in the sensors and/or asset tracking data The library (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ) is in the same or related records.

該方法可包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）處自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）接收觀測資料（例如，圖9C 的940 ），該Wi-Fi AP資料庫包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊。Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可自一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 及150d ）接收觀測資料，該一或多個無線裝置遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）且將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器資料、且在一些具體實例中將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）。在某些具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之緯度及經度。在其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與所關注Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近之緯度及經度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 或150d ）量測的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之接收信號強度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與所關注Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之緯度及經度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而與接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）相關的位置、接收信號強度、上文所提及之資訊中之任一者或任何其他資訊。The method may include sensors and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) to receive observation data from the Wi-Fi AP database (e.g., 1130 in FIG. 11) (e.g., 940 in FIG. 9C) , The Wi-Fi AP database includes unique identification information of Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), sensor data, and in some specific examples, includes Wi-Fi access points (for example, , 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) location information. The Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) can receive observation data from one or more wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c, and 150d in FIG. 11 ), and the one or more wireless devices encounter Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) and the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the unique identification information, sensor data, and in the specific examples Wi- The location information of the Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) is reported to the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ). In certain instances, Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the location information may comprise Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the longitude and latitude. In other specific examples, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi concerned. Take the latitude and longitude at or near the time when the point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A) meets. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device is meeting the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) The received signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) measured by the reporting wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c, or 150d in FIG. 11) at or near this time. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) is in contact with the concerned Wi-Fi One or more other Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) at or near the time when the access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) meets The latitude and longitude of a point (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11). In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi access point. Point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) at or near this time and close to one or more other Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) (For example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) related location, received signal strength, any of the above-mentioned information, or any other information.

該方法可包括將感測器資料儲存在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中。該方法可包括提供對感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中之感測器資料的使用者存取。該方法可包括至少部分地基於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料以藉由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）來判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在某些具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之緯度及經度作為感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近的緯度及經度作為感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 或150d ）量測的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之接收信號強度以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，接收信號強度可用於判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。舉例而言，接收信號強度可用於判定報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 或150d ）之位置的半徑，該半徑可單獨或結合其他位置資訊使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）遇到的一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如圖11中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之緯度及經度以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之位置可單獨或以組合形式使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而與接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）相關的位置、接收信號強度、上文所提及之資訊中之任一者或任何其他資訊，以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之接收信號強度可單獨或以組合形式使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。The method may include storing sensor data in a sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ). The method may include providing user access to sensor data in the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11). The method may include determining by a sensor and/or an asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) based at least in part on observation data of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) The position of the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ). In some specific examples, determining the location of a sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include using the latitude and longitude of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) as the sensors (for example, , 710 in Figure 7A ). In other specific examples, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include using the reporting wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) to communicate with a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., FIG. The latitude and longitude at or near the time of meeting 500 or 600 in 7A are used as the position of the sensor (for example, 710 in Fig. 7A ). In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) or Around this time, the receiving signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) measured by the reporting wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c, or 150d in FIG. 11 ) is used to determine the sensor ( For example, the position of 710 in FIG. 7A). In the case of using a well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the received signal strength can be used to determine or enhance the location determination of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). For example, the received signal strength can be used to determine the radius of the location of the reporting wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c, or 150d in FIG. 11 ). The radius can be used alone or in combination with other location information to determine or enhance Wi-Fi access points (For example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) position determination. In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) or One or more other Wi-Fi access points encountered by the reporting wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) near this time (e.g., other nearby Wi-Fi access points not shown in FIG. 11) The latitude and longitude of point 500 or 600 ) are used to determine the position of the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ). In the case of using well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the location of nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) can be located alone or in combination Use to determine or enhance the location determination of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A). In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) is in contact with a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., When 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A meets at or near this time, it is close to one or more other Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). 11 other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 ) related to the location, received signal strength, any of the above-mentioned information or any other information to determine the sensor (such as , 710 in Figure 7A ). In the case of using well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the received signal strength of nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) can be alone or with The combined form is used to determine or enhance the location determination of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A).

所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，可單獨或結合已知定位技術來使用歷史位置資訊、報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）位置資訊、習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）位置資訊、其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）位置資訊、Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）位置資訊之接收信號強度、其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）位置資訊之接收信號強度及任何其他資訊，該等已知定位技術包括但不限於智慧型電話定位、基於網路之定位、混合式定位、GPS定位、蜂巢式定位、Wi-Fi定位、三角量測、三邊量測、到達時間、到達角，且根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用任何其他定位技術或其組合。此外，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，經使用之定位技術可基於在進行位置判定時可用的觀測資料之類型或種類而變化。Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that it is possible to use historical location information alone or in combination with known positioning technologies, report location information of wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in Figure 11 ), and conventional Wi-Fi storage. Get the location information of a point (for example, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 7A ), other nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby nearby ones not shown in FIG. 11) Wi-Fi access point 500 or 600 ) location information, Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) location information received signal strength, other nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, Figure 11 Other nearby Wi-Fi access points ( 500 or 600 ) not shown in the video) received signal strength and any other information. Such known positioning technologies include, but are not limited to, smart phone positioning, network-based positioning, and hybrid Positioning, GPS positioning, cellular positioning, Wi-Fi positioning, triangulation measurement, trilateral measurement, time of arrival, angle of arrival, and any other positioning technology or combination thereof can be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention . In addition, those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that the positioning technology used can vary based on the types or types of observational data available when making location determinations.

該方法可進一步包括將感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置儲存在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中。該方法可進一步包括經由用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）提供對儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中的感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置的使用者存取。在某些具體實例中，用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）包括用於自感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）查詢且接收資訊之軟體介面。用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）可為與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖10A 的1010 ）之計算系統相同的計算系統之部分，或可為經由網路連接而連接至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之分離且不同的計算系統（例如，圖12 的1200 ）或無線裝置（例如，150 ）的部分。用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）可為至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之基於網頁之入口或獨立軟體應用程式，該軟體應用程式經由網路連接以提供對感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之存取。The method may further include storing the location of the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) in the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ). The method may further comprise (e.g., 1120 in FIG. 11) provided on the inlet side via a user stored in the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) of the sensors (e.g., FIG. 7A 710 ) user access to the location. In some specific examples, the client portal (for example, 1120 in FIG. 11 ) includes a software interface for querying and receiving information from a sensor and/or an asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11). The client portal (for example, 1120 in FIG. 11 ) may be part of the same computing system as the computing system of the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1010 in FIG. 10A), or may be connected via a network Part of a separate and different computing system (for example, 1200 in FIG. 12 ) or a wireless device (for example, 150 ) connected to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ). The client portal (for example, 1120 in Fig. 11 ) can be a web-based portal or a stand-alone software application to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Fig. 11), and the software application is via the Internet Connect to provide access to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ).

有利地，在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）與一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 或150d ）之間不存在通信，藉此在不需要網路連接性之開放網路環境中實現被動感測器及/或資產追蹤，該一或多個無線裝置將與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之相遇報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ），包含觀測資料。在此開放網路架構中，由諸如智慧型電話之無線裝置（例如，150 ）之生態系統表示的現有基礎設施及無線裝置作業系統或其他軟體（例如，150 ）用以報告其遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料的固有報告特徵可經利用以進行被動追蹤資產（例如，圖11 的1020 ），且就無線裝置（例如，150 ）或其使用者而言不需要意識到其正在參與資產追蹤任務。此外，一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）或其使用者可能並不意識到其正參與資產追蹤任務。無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）僅將其遇到的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 之500 或600 ）之觀測資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ），典型地作為其參與位置服務之部分。Advantageously, there is no communication between the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) and one or more wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c, or 150d in FIG. 11), thereby To achieve passive sensors and/or asset tracking in an open network environment that does not require network connectivity, the one or more wireless devices will meet the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) Report to the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ), including observation data. In this open network architecture, the existing infrastructure represented by the ecosystem of wireless devices such as smart phones (e.g., 150 ) and wireless device operating systems or other software (e.g., 150 ) are used to report that they encounter Wi-Fi The inherent reporting characteristics of the observation data of Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) can be used to passively track assets (for example, 1020 in FIG. 11 ), and for wireless devices (for example, 150 ) or their use The person does not need to be aware that he is participating in an asset tracking task. In addition, one or more wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , and 150d in FIG. 11 ) or their users may not be aware that they are participating in an asset tracking task. The wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in Figure 11 ) only reports the observation data of the Wi-Fi access point it encounters (e.g. 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) to the Wi-Fi AP database (e.g., 1130 in Figure 11 ), typically as part of its participation in location services.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，一種被動感測器追蹤之方法可使用直接自一或多個直接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收之第一觀測資料及自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）接收之第二觀測資料，該Wi-Fi AP資料庫自一或多個間接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）接收觀測資料。作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）可傳輸包括感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之感測器資料的管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, a passive sensor tracking method can use the first observation data received directly from one or more direct reporting wireless devices (for example, 150a in FIG. 11) and from Wi-Fi. The second observation data received by the Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Fig. 11 ), the Wi-Fi AP database receives observation data from one or more indirect reporting wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in Fig. 11 ) . As part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, conventional Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access points (eg, 600 in FIG. 7A ) can transmit and include sensors (For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) The management frame of sensor data (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ).

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為觀測資料之資料庫，該觀測資料包括由一或多個間接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）遇到之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊。可與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）分離且隔開地建立、操作且維持Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）。在某些具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為藉由無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）之原始設備製造商維持之觀測資料的資料庫。在其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為藉由在無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150 ）上執行之作業系統的作業系統開發者維持之觀測資料的資料庫。舉例而言，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為Apple® iOS® 、Google® Android® 或Microsoft® 位置服務資料庫，其典型地用於改良用於其各別終端使用者之位置判定準確度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為藉由軟體開發者維持之觀測資料的資料庫。舉例而言，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為在商業上由Cisco Systems® 、Facebook® 、WhatsApp® 、X-Mode® 、Ruckus® 及Skyhook® 提供之觀測資料的資料庫。在另其他具體實例中，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可為任何其他類型或種類的觀測資料之資料庫。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be a database of observation data, which includes indirect reporting by one or more wireless devices (for example, The unique identification information and sensor data of the Wi-Fi access points encountered by 150b , 150c , and 150d in FIG. 11 (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), and in some specific examples include Wi-Fi access Point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) location information. Can be separated from the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) and spaced build, operate and maintain the Wi-Fi AP database (e.g., 1130 in FIG. 11). In some specific examples, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be a database of observation data maintained by the original equipment manufacturer of the wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11). In other specific examples, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be the observation data maintained by the operating system developer of the operating system running on the wireless device (for example, 150 in FIG. 11) database. For example, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ) can be Apple ® iOS ® , Google ® Android ® or Microsoft ® location service database, which is typically used to improve the use of their respective terminals The accuracy of the location determination of the person. In another specific example, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be a database of observation data maintained by a software developer. For example, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in Figure 11 ) can be commercial observation data provided by Cisco Systems ® , Facebook ® , WhatsApp ® , X-Mode ® , Ruckus ® and Skyhook ® Library. In another specific example, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) may be a database of any other types or types of observation data.

出於本記載內容的目的，可使用偽裝或仿真Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之至少部分的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）。儘管如此，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，可使用能夠藉由廣播包括感測器資料之信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）或探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）偽裝或仿真Wi-Fi網路發現過程之至少部分的任何類型或種類的裝置。For the purpose of this description, a Wi-Fi access point that disguises or simulates at least part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) can be used. Nevertheless, those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, a beacon frame capable of including sensor data by broadcasting (for example, 220 or Figure 2C) can be used. 220S), or inquiry probe response frame 8 (e.g., 240s 240 of FIG. 2C or FIG. 8) or disguise simulation Wi-Fi networks of any type or class of device discovery process is at least partially.

該方法可包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯。感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）可安置於資產上、附接至該資產或與其整合，或置放於需要感測之位置中。唯一識別資訊可為唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之任何資訊，該資訊包括例如Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之BSSID。出於參與感測器及/或資產追蹤任務的目的，唯一識別資訊可輸入至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中，且在邏輯上與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯。另外，關於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）或與其相關聯的資產之任何其他資訊可儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之相同或相關記錄中。The method may include a unique identifying information and sensors in the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) in the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of ( For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) is associated. The sensor (for example, 710 of FIG. 7A ) can be placed on, attached to, or integrated with the asset, or placed in a location that needs to be sensed. The unique identification information can be any information that uniquely identifies the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), and the information includes, for example, the BSSID of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) . For the purpose of participating in sensor and/or asset tracking tasks, unique identification information can be input to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ), and logically related to the sensor ( For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) is associated. In addition, any other information about the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) or its associated assets can be stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) The same or related records.

該方法可包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）處自遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個直接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收第一觀測資料觀測資料，該第一觀測資料包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之第一位置資訊。The method may include one or more direct reports from the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) from encountering a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) The wireless device (for example, 150a of FIG. 11 ) receives the first observation data, the first observation data including the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), and the sensor (for example, , The sensor data of 710 in FIG. 7A , and in some specific examples include the first location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A).

該方法可包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）處自Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）接收第二觀測資料，該第二觀測資料包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊。Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ）可自一或多個間接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）接收觀測資料，該一或多個間接報告無線裝置遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）且將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖10A 的1030 ）。The method may include sensors and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) at a second observation data received from the Wi-Fi AP database (e.g., 1130 in FIG. 11), the second observation data sensor data includes Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the unique identification information, the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A), the Wi-Fi and includes some examples exist Take the location information of a point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A). The Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ) can receive observation data from one or more indirect reporting wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , and 150d in FIG. 11 ), and the one or more indirect reporting wireless devices encounter to Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) and the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the unique identification information, the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ), and in some specific examples, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) is reported to the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1030 in FIG. 10A ).

在某些具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之緯度及經度。在其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近之緯度及經度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150b 、150c 、150d ）量測之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）的接收信號強度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖10A 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之緯度及經度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而與接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）相關的位置、接收信號強度、上文所提及之資訊中之任一者或任何其他資訊。In certain instances, Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the location information may comprise Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the longitude and latitude. In other specific examples, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 10A ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi access point (For example, 500 or 600 in Fig. 7A ) The latitude and longitude at or near the time of encounter. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device is meeting the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) The received signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) measured by the reporting wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , and 150d in FIG. 10A) at or near this time. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 10A ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi access point When a point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) meets at or near this time, it is close to one or more other Wi-Fi access points ( for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). For example, the latitude and longitude of other nearby Wi-Fi access points ( 500 or 600 ) not shown in FIG. 10A. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 10A ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi access point A point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) meets at or near this time and is close to one or more other Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) (For example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) related location, received signal strength, any of the above-mentioned information, or any other information.

該方法可包括藉由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）以至少部分地基於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之第一及/或第二觀測資料來判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在某些具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之緯度及經度作為感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近的緯度及經度作為感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150b 、150c 或150d ）量測的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之接收信號強度以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，接收信號強度可用於判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。舉例而言，接收信號強度可用於判定報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）之位置的半徑，該半徑可單獨或結合其他位置資訊使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）遇到的一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如圖11 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之緯度及經度以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之位置可單獨或以組合形式使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。在另其他具體實例中，判定可移動資產（例如，圖10A 的920 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而與接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖10A 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）相關的位置、接收信號強度、上文所提及之資訊中之任一者或任何其他資訊，以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之接收信號強度可單獨或以組合形式使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。The method may include using sensors and/or asset tracking databases (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) to be based at least in part on the first and/or Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). Or the second observation data to determine the position of the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ). In some specific examples, determining the location of a sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include using the latitude and longitude of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) as the sensors (for example, , 710 in Figure 7A ). In other specific examples, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include using the reporting wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 10A ) to communicate with Wi-Fi access points (e.g., FIG. The latitude and longitude at or near the time of meeting 500 or 600 in 7A are used as the position of the sensor (for example, 710 in Fig. 7A ). In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) or Around this time, the receiving signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) measured by the reporting wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c, or 150d in FIG. 10A ) is used to determine the sensor ( For example, the position of 710 in FIG. 7A). In the case of using a well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the received signal strength can be used to determine or enhance the location determination of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). For example, the received signal strength can be used to determine the radius of the location of the reporting wireless device (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in Figure 11 ), and the radius can be used alone or in combination with other location information to determine or enhance Wi-Fi access points (For example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) position determination. In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) or One or more other Wi-Fi access points encountered by the reporting wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) near this time (e.g., other nearby Wi-Fi access points not shown in FIG. 11) The latitude and longitude of point 500 or 600 ) are used to determine the position of the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ). In the case of using well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the location of nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) can be located alone or in combination Use to determine or enhance the location determination of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A). In another specific example, determining the location of a movable asset (e.g., 920 in FIG. 10A ) may include reporting that a wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in FIG. 11 ) is in contact with a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., When 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A meets at or near this time, it is close to one or more other Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). Other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in 10A ) related location, received signal strength, any of the above-mentioned information or any other information to determine the sensor (such as , 710 in Figure 7A ). In the case of using well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the received signal strength of nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) can be alone or with The combined form is used to determine or enhance the location determination of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A).

所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，可單獨或結合已知定位技術來使用歷史位置資訊、報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）位置資訊、習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的600 ）位置資訊、其他的附近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他的附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）位置資訊、Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）位置資訊之接收信號強度、其他的附近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他的附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）位置資訊之接收信號強度及關於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）或附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之任何其他資訊，該等定位技術包括但不限於智慧型電話定位、基於網路之定位、混合式定位、GPS定位、蜂巢式定位、三角量測、三邊量測、到達時間、到達角，且根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用任何其他定位技術或定位技術之組合。此外，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，經使用之定位技術可基於在位置判定時可用的觀測資料之類型或種類而變化。Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that it is possible to use historical location information alone or in combination with known positioning technologies, report location information of wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , 150d in Figure 11 ), and conventional Wi-Fi storage. Get the location information of a point (for example, 500 in FIG. 11 ) or a pseudo Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 11 ), other nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby locations not shown in FIG. 11) Wi-Fi access point 500 or 600 ) location information, Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) location information received signal strength, other nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, Figure 11 Other nearby Wi-Fi access points ( 500 or 600 ) not shown in the received signal strength and location information about Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) or nearby Wi-Fi access points (For example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) any other information, such positioning technologies include but not limited to smart phone positioning, network-based positioning, hybrid positioning, GPS positioning, cellular positioning, triangulation measurement, trilateral measurement, time of arrival, angle of arrival, and any other positioning technology or combination of positioning technologies can be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. In addition, those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that the positioning technology used can vary based on the types or types of observational data available at the time of location determination.

該方法可進一步包括將可移動資產（例如，圖11 的920 ）之位置儲存在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中。該方法可進一步包括經由用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）提供對儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中的可移動資產（例如，圖11 的920 ）之位置的使用者存取。在某些具體實例中，用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）包括用於自感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）查詢且接收資訊之軟體介面。用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）可為與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之計算系統相同的計算系統之部分，或可為經由網路連接以連接至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之分離且不同的計算系統（例如，圖12 的1200 ）或無線裝置（例如，150 ）的部分。用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）可為至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之基於網頁之入口或獨立軟體應用程式，該軟體應用程式經由網路連接以提供對感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之存取。The method may further include storing the position of the movable asset (for example, 920 in FIG. 11 ) in a sensor and/or an asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ). The method may further comprise (e.g., 1120 in FIG. 11) provided on the inlet side via a user stored in the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) in a movable asset (e.g., 11 of FIG. 920 ) user access to the location. In some specific examples, the client portal (for example, 1120 in FIG. 11 ) includes a software interface for querying and receiving information from a sensor and/or an asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11). The client portal (for example, 1120 in FIG. 11 ) may be a part of the same computing system as the computing system of the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11), or it may be connected via a network Part of a separate and different computing system (for example, 1200 in FIG. 12 ) or a wireless device (for example, 150 ) connected to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ). The client portal (for example, 1120 in Fig. 11 ) can be a web-based portal or a stand-alone software application to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Fig. 11), and the software application is via the Internet Connect to provide access to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ).

有利地，在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）與一或多個間接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）之間不存在通信，藉此在不存在網路連接性之區域中實現被動且可能匿名的資產追蹤，該一或多個間接報告無線裝置將與習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的600 ）之相遇報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ），包含觀測資料。在此混合式開放網路架構中，由諸如智慧型電話之無線裝置（例如，150 ）之生態系統表示的現有基礎設施及無線裝置作業系統或其他軟體（例如，150 ）用以報告其遇到習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 的600 ）之觀測資料的固有報告特徵可經利用以進行被動追蹤感測器及/或資產（例如，圖11 的920 ），且就無線裝置（例如，150 ）或其使用者而言不需要意識到其正在參與資產追蹤任務。此外，一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）或其使用者可能並不意識到其正參與資產追蹤任務。無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150b 、150c 、150d ）僅將其遇到的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 之500 或600 ）之觀測資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（例如，圖11 的1130 ），典型地作為參與位置服務之部分。Advantageously, there is no communication between the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) and one or more indirect reporting wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , and 150d in FIG. 11 ), by This enables passive and possibly anonymous asset tracking in areas where there is no network connectivity. The one or more indirect reporting wireless devices will interact with conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in Figure 11 ) or pseudo The encounter of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 600 in FIG. 11 ) is reported to the Wi-Fi AP database (for example, 1130 in FIG. 11 ), including observation data. In this hybrid open network architecture, the existing infrastructure represented by the ecosystem of wireless devices such as smart phones (e.g., 150 ) and wireless device operating systems or other software (e.g., 150 ) are used to report that they encounter The inherent reporting features of observation data of conventional Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 in FIG. 11 ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access points (for example, 600 in FIG. 11 ) can be utilized to perform passive tracking sensors And/or assets (for example, 920 in FIG. 11 ), and the wireless device (for example, 150 ) or its user does not need to be aware that it is participating in an asset tracking task. In addition, one or more wireless devices (for example, 150b , 150c , and 150d in FIG. 11 ) or their users may not be aware that they are participating in an asset tracking task. The wireless device (e.g., 150b , 150c , 150d in Figure 11 ) only reports the observation data of the Wi-Fi access point it encounters (e.g. 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) to the Wi-Fi AP database (e.g., 1130 in Figure 11 ), typically as part of participating in location services.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，一種被動感測器追蹤之方法可使用直接自遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個直接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收之觀測資料。作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，習知的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 ）或偽Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的600 ）可傳輸包括感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之感測器資料的管理訊框（例如，圖7B 的300 ）。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, a passive sensor tracking method can use one or more direct reports from Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). Observation data received by the device (for example, 150a in Figure 11). As part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, conventional Wi-Fi access points (eg, 500 in FIG. 7A ) or pseudo Wi-Fi access points (eg, 600 in FIG. 7A ) can transmit and include sensors (For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) The management frame of sensor data (for example, 300 in FIG. 7B ).

出於本記載內容的目的，可使用偽裝或仿真Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之至少部分的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）。儘管如此，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用能夠藉由廣播信標訊框（例如，圖2C 的220 或圖8 的220s ）或探測回應訊框（例如，圖2C 的240 或圖8 的240s ）偽裝、仿真或參與Wi-Fi網路發現過程之至少部分的任何類型或種類的裝置。For the purpose of this description, a Wi-Fi access point that disguises or simulates at least part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) can be used. Nonetheless, those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that, in accordance with the present invention, one or more of the specific examples may be possible to use the information by broadcasting a beacon frame (e.g., 220 in FIG. 2C or FIG 220s 8) or a probe response The frame (for example, 240 in FIG. 2C or 240s in FIG. 8 ) disguise, emulate, or participate in at least part of the Wi-Fi network discovery process of any type or kind of device.

該方法可包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中將Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯，其中Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）安置在該感測器上、附接至該感測器或與其整合。唯一識別資訊可為唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之任何資訊，該資訊包括例如Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之BSSID。出於參與感測器及/或資產追蹤任務的目的，唯一識別資訊可輸入至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中，且在邏輯上與感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯。另外，關於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）、感測器或資產之任何其他資訊可儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之相同或相關記錄中。The method may include a unique identifying information and sensors in the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) in the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of ( For example, 710 of FIG. 7A ) is associated, where a Wi-Fi access point (eg, 500 or 600 of FIG. 7A ) is placed on, attached to, or integrated with the sensor. The unique identification information can be any information that uniquely identifies the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), and the information includes, for example, the BSSID of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) . For the purpose of participating in sensor and/or asset tracking tasks, unique identification information can be input to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ), and logically related to the sensor ( For example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) is associated. In addition, any other information about Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), sensors, or assets can be stored in the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) The same or related records.

該方法可包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）處自遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個直接報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收觀測資料，該觀測資料包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中包含Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊。The method may include one or more direct reports from the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) from encountering a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) A wireless device (for example, 150a in FIG. 11 ) receives observation data, which includes unique identification information of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ), sensor data, and in some specific examples Contains location information of Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A).

在某些具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包括Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之緯度及經度。在其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近之緯度及經度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）量測之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）的接收信號強度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之緯度及經度。在另其他具體實例中，Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置資訊可包含報告無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150a ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇的時間時或此時間附近而與接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）相關的位置、接收信號強度、上文所提及之資訊中之任一者或任何其他資訊。In certain instances, Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the location information may include a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the longitude and latitude. In other specific examples, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150a in FIG. 11 ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, FIG. 500 or 600 of 7A ) latitude and longitude at or near the time of encounter. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device is meeting the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) The received signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) measured by the reporting wireless device (for example, 150a in FIG. 11) at or near this time. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150a in FIG. 11 ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, When 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A meets at or near this time, one or more other Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) are close to one or more other Wi-Fi access points (for example, in FIG. 11). The latitude and longitude of other nearby Wi-Fi access points ( 500 or 600) not shown in the section. In another specific example, the location information of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150a in FIG. 10A ) is in contact with the Wi-Fi access point (for example, When 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A meets at or near this time, it is close to one or more other Wi-Fi access points (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). Other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in 11 ) related location, received signal strength, any of the above-mentioned information or any other information.

該方法可包括至少部分地基於Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之觀測資料來判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在某些具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之緯度及經度作為感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近的緯度及經度作為感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）量測的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之接收信號強度以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，接收信號強度可用於判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。舉例而言，接收信號強度可用於判定報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）之位置的半徑，該半徑可單獨或結合其他位置資訊使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近而由該報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）遇到的一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如圖11 中未展示之其他附近Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之緯度及經度以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之位置可單獨或以組合形式使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。在另其他具體實例中，判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置可包括使用報告無線裝置（例如，150a ）在與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相遇之時間時或此時間附近的而接近Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）相關的位置、接收信號強度、上文所提及之資訊中之任一者或任何其他資訊，以判定感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置。在使用熟知Wi-Fi定位技術之情況下，附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）之接收信號強度可單獨或以組合形式使用以判定或增強Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之位置判定。The method may comprise at least partially based on Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) of the sensor observations to determine (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A,) of the position. In some specific examples, determining the location of a sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include using the latitude and longitude of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) as the sensors (for example, , 710 in Figure 7A ). In other specific examples, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include using a reporting wireless device (e.g., 150a in FIG. 11 ) in contact with a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or in FIG. 7A) . 600 ) The latitude and longitude at or near the time of encounter are used as the position of the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ). In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) or Around this time, the receiving signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) measured by the reporting wireless device (for example, 150a in FIG. 11 ) is used to determine the sensor (for example, FIG. 7A) 710 ) of the location. In the case of using a well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the received signal strength can be used to determine or enhance the location determination of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A). For example, the received signal strength can be used to determine the radius of the location of the reporting wireless device (e.g., 150a in Figure 11 ). The radius can be used alone or in combination with other location information to determine or enhance Wi-Fi access points (e.g., Figure 11). 500 or 600 of 7A ) position determination. In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (e.g., 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) or One or more other Wi-Fi access points (such as other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) encountered by the reporting wireless device (e.g., 150a in FIG. 11) near this time ) To determine the position of the sensor (for example, 710 in Fig. 7A ). In the case of using well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the location of nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) can be located alone or in combination Use to determine or enhance the location determination of a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A). In another specific example, determining the location of the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) may include reporting that the wireless device (for example, 150a ) is in contact with a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ). One or more other Wi-Fi access points (e.g., other nearby Wi-Fi access points not shown in Fig. 11 ) close to the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) at or near the time of meeting Wi-Fi access point 500 or 600 ) related to the location, received signal strength, any of the above-mentioned information or any other information to determine the sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) Location. In the case of using well-known Wi-Fi positioning technology, the received signal strength of nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) can be alone or with The combined form is used to determine or enhance the location determination of the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A).

所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，可單獨或結合已知定位技術來使用歷史位置資訊、報告無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）位置資訊、Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）位置資訊、其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）位置資訊、Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）位置資訊之接收信號強度、其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）位置資訊之接收信號強度及與Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）或附近的Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖11 中未展示之其他附近的Wi-Fi存取點500 或600 ）相關之任何其他資訊，該等已知定位技術包括但不限於智慧型電話定位、基於網路之定位、混合式定位、GPS定位、蜂巢式定位、三角量測、三邊量測、到達時間、到達角，且根據本發明之一或多個具體實例可使用任何其他定位技術或定位技術之組合。此外，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，經使用之定位技術可基於在位置判定時可用的觀測資料之類型或種類而變化。Those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that historical location information, reporting wireless device (e.g., 150a in Figure 11 ) location information, Wi-Fi access points (e.g., Figure 7A) can be used alone or in combination with known positioning technologies. 500 or 600 ) location information, other nearby Wi-Fi access points (e.g., other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) location information, Wi-Fi access points (e.g. , Figure 7A 500 or 600 ) location information received signal strength, other nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11 ) location information reception The signal strength and the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ) or nearby Wi-Fi access points (for example, other nearby Wi-Fi access points 500 or 600 not shown in Figure 11) ) Any other related information. Such known positioning technologies include but are not limited to smart phone positioning, network-based positioning, hybrid positioning, GPS positioning, cellular positioning, triangulation measurement, trilateral measurement, time of arrival , Angle of arrival, and any other positioning technology or combination of positioning technologies can be used according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. In addition, those with ordinary knowledge in the field will recognize that the positioning technology used can vary based on the types or types of observational data available at the time of location determination.

該方法可進一步包括將（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置儲存在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中。該方法可進一步包括經由用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）提供對儲存於感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）中之感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）之位置的使用者存取。在某些具體實例中，用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）包括用於自感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）查詢且接收資訊之軟體介面。用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）可為與感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之計算系統相同的計算系統之部分，或可為經由網路連接以連接至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之分離且不同的計算系統（例如，圖11 的1100 ）或無線裝置（例如，150 ）的部分。用戶端入口（例如，圖11 的1120 ）可為至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之基於網頁之入口或獨立軟體應用程式，該軟體應用程式經由網路連接以提供對感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之存取。The method may further include storing the location (for example, 710 of FIG. 7A ) in a sensor and/or an asset tracking database (for example, 1110 of FIG. 11 ). The method may further comprise (e.g., 1120 in FIG. 11) provided on the inlet side via a user stored in the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) of the sensor (e.g., FIG. 7A 710 ) user access to the location. In some specific examples, the client portal (for example, 1120 in FIG. 11 ) includes a software interface for querying and receiving information from a sensor and/or an asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11). The client portal (for example, 1120 in FIG. 11 ) may be a part of the same computing system as the computing system of the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11), or it may be connected via a network portion is connected to the sensor and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) separate and distinct from the computing system (e.g., 1100 in FIG. 11) or a wireless device (e.g., 150). The client portal (for example, 1120 in Fig. 11 ) can be a web-based portal or a stand-alone software application to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Fig. 11), and the software application is via the Internet Connect to provide access to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ).

該方法可進一步包括自感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）向一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）提供Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之唯一識別資訊以將由一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖10A 的150a ）報告之觀測資料限制為同與待追蹤之感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相關之資料。一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）可將直接報告給感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）之觀測資料限制為與待追蹤之感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相關的觀測資料。可在任何時間（包括在自遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收觀測資料之前）提供唯一識別資訊。The method may further include self-sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 of FIG. 11 ) providing Wi-Fi access points (for example, FIG . 11 ) to one or more wireless devices (for example, 150a of FIG. 11). 7A 's 500 or 600 ) unique identification information to limit the observation data reported by one or more wireless devices (for example, 150a in FIG. 10A ) to be associated with the sensor to be tracked (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) Information about the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in Figure 7A ). One or more wireless devices (for example, 150a in FIG. 11 ) can limit the observation data directly reported to the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in FIG. 11 ) to the sensor to be tracked ( For example, FIG. 710) Wi-Fi access point 7A of the associated (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) associated with observations. It can provide unique identification information at any time (including before one or more wireless devices (e.g., 150a in Figure 11 ) receive observation data since encountering a Wi-Fi access point (e.g., 500 or 600 in Figure 7A) .

該方法可進一步包括在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）處將自一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收之觀測資料過濾為與待追蹤之感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相關的資料。可在任何時間（包括在自遇到Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）之一或多個無線裝置（例如，圖11 的150a ）接收觀測資料之後）藉由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）來執行過濾。The method may further comprise the sensor to be tracked and / or asset tracking database (e.g., 1110 in FIG. 11) will be at or from a plurality of wireless devices (e.g., 150a in FIG. 11) of the filter is received observations The sensor (for example, 710 in FIG. 7A ) is associated with data related to the Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ). It can be used at any time (including after encountering a Wi-Fi access point (for example, 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A ) one or more wireless devices (for example, 150a in FIG. 11 ) receiving observation data) by sensing Filter and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Figure 11 ).

在此組態中，將觀測資料限制及/或過濾為與待追蹤之感測器（例如，圖7A 的710 ）相關聯之Wi-Fi存取點（例如，圖7A 的500 或600 ）相關的資料可增強追蹤能力且縮減在報告觀測資料及查詢感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫（例如，圖11 的1110 ）上之潛時。In this configuration, the limit observations and / or filtration to be associated with the track of sensors (e.g., 710 of FIG. 7A) Wi-Fi access point associated with it (e.g., 500 or 600 in FIG. 7A) The data of can enhance the tracking ability and reduce the latent time in reporting observation data and querying the sensor and/or asset tracking database (for example, 1110 in Fig. 11).

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，運用現有基礎設施進行被動感測器追蹤之方法可包括在感測器追蹤資料庫中將被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊與待由被動感測器感測之實體屬性相關聯。唯一識別資訊可為唯一地識別被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點的任何資訊且由遇到Wi-Fi存取點之Wi-Fi用戶端報告，典型地作為位置服務之部分，但可能為直接或間接報告。感測器資料可在經偽裝信標訊框、探測回應訊框或由Wi-Fi存取點作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分所傳輸的其他管理訊框之一或多個欄位中置放或編碼。在某些具體實例中，被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點可為虛設Wi-Fi存取點，其不允許無線裝置向虛設Wi-Fi存取點驗證或與其相關聯，且虛設Wi-Fi存取點不提供上游網路連接性。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method of using existing infrastructure for passive sensor tracking may include storing the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point of the passive sensor in the sensor tracking database Associated with the attributes of the entity to be sensed by the passive sensor. The unique identification information can be any information that uniquely identifies the Wi-Fi access point of the passive sensor and is reported by the Wi-Fi client encountering the Wi-Fi access point. It is typically part of the location service, but may Report directly or indirectly. The sensor data can be in one or more of the fields in the disguised beacon frame, detection response frame, or other management frame transmitted by the Wi-Fi access point as part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery Placement or coding. In some specific examples, the Wi-Fi access point of the passive sensor may be a dummy Wi-Fi access point, which does not allow wireless devices to authenticate to or associate with the dummy Wi-Fi access point, and the dummy Wi-Fi access point -Fi access point does not provide upstream network connectivity.

在某些具體實例中，唯一識別資訊可為例如被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點的BSSID。然而，根據本發明之一或多個具體實例，所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，經偽裝信標訊框、探測回應訊框或其他管理訊框之任何欄位或子欄位可用於唯一地識別Wi-Fi存取點，且相關聯地識別被動感測器。儘管有上述內容，為了避免潛在的重疊或混淆，使用經保證為唯一的標準化BSSID可提供唯一地識別被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點的最簡單解決方案。In some specific examples, the unique identification information may be, for example, the BSSID of the Wi-Fi access point of the passive sensor. However, according to one or more specific examples of the present invention, those with ordinary knowledge in the art will recognize that any field or sub-field of the beacon frame, detection response frame, or other management frame can be used for Uniquely identify Wi-Fi access points, and correlate passive sensors. Despite the above, in order to avoid potential overlap or confusion, using a standardized BSSID that is guaranteed to be unique provides the simplest solution to uniquely identify the Wi-Fi access point of a passive sensor.

該方法亦可包括在感測器追蹤資料庫處接收感測器資料，該感測器資料包含由被動感測器感測到、在經偽裝信標訊框、探測回應訊框或其他管理訊框中置放或編碼之實體屬性，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，被動感測器將該其他管理訊框傳輸至遇到被動感測器之無線裝置。如上文所提及，感測器資料可為數值或文數字、顯式或經編碼，且儲存於經偽裝信標訊框、探測回應訊框或其他管理訊框之欄位或子欄位或其組合或部分中，其假定該感測器資料為由報告與被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點相遇之Wi-Fi用戶端報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫或感測器追蹤資料庫之欄位或子欄位。該無線裝置可直接地或間接地將經遇到之被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊及在經偽裝信標訊框、探測回應訊框或其他管理訊框中所編碼之感測器資料報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫（典型地作為位置服務之部分），或直接或間接報告給感測器追蹤資料庫。The method may also include receiving sensor data at a sensor tracking database, the sensor data including being sensed by a passive sensor, in a camouflaged beacon frame, a detection response frame, or other management information The physical attributes placed or coded in the frame are used as part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, and the passive sensor transmits the other management frames to the wireless device encountering the passive sensor. As mentioned above, the sensor data can be numeric or alphanumeric, explicit or encoded, and stored in a field or sub-field or sub-field or sub-field of a masked beacon frame, detection response frame, or other management frame. In its combination or part, it is assumed that the sensor data is reported to the Wi-Fi AP database or the sensor tracking database from the Wi-Fi client that reports the encounter with the Wi-Fi access point of the passive sensor The field or sub-field. The wireless device can directly or indirectly encode the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point of the passive sensor encountered and encoded in the camouflage beacon frame, detection response frame or other management frame The sensor data is reported to the Wi-Fi AP database (typically as part of the location service), or directly or indirectly reported to the sensor tracking database.

在某些具體實例中，感測器資料可由感測器追蹤資料庫自遇到被動感測器之無線裝置接收。在其他具體實例中，感測器資料可由感測器追蹤資料庫自Wi-Fi AP資料庫接收，該Wi-Fi AP資料庫自遇到被動感測器之無線裝置接收感測器資料。Wi-Fi AP資料庫可包含由原始設備製造商、作業系統開發者或第三方軟體開發者管理之資料庫，其編譯關於經報告Wi-Fi存取點之資訊且使該資訊可用於第三方，典型地以增強位置服務，但可能用於其他用途。In some embodiments, the sensor data can be received by the sensor tracking database from the wireless device encountering the passive sensor. In other specific examples, the sensor data may be received by the sensor tracking database from the Wi-Fi AP database, and the Wi-Fi AP database may receive the sensor data from the wireless device encountering the passive sensor. The Wi-Fi AP database can include a database managed by original equipment manufacturers, operating system developers, or third-party software developers, which compiles information about reported Wi-Fi access points and makes the information available to third parties , Typically to enhance location services, but may be used for other purposes.

可能不需要無線裝置向被動感測器之Wi-Fi存取點或虛設Wi-Fi存取點驗證、與該Wi-Fi存取點或該虛設Wi-Fi存取點相關聯或與其建立網路連接。另外，不需要無線裝置或其使用者知情地參與被動感測器追蹤任務。該方法可視情況包括將被動感測器安置在得感測到實體屬性之位置中。該方法可視情況包括提供對被動感測器之經感測實體屬性之使用者存取。在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體包含軟體指令，該等軟體指令在由處理器執行時可執行上文多提及之方法中之任一者。It may not be necessary for the wireless device to authenticate to the Wi-Fi access point or the dummy Wi-Fi access point of the passive sensor, to associate with the Wi-Fi access point or the dummy Wi-Fi access point, or to establish a network with the Wi-Fi access point or the dummy Wi-Fi access point Road connection. In addition, there is no need for the wireless device or its user to knowingly participate in the passive sensor tracking task. The method may optionally include placing the passive sensor in a position where the attributes of the entity can be sensed. The method may optionally include providing user access to the sensed physical properties of the passive sensor. In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the non-transitory computer-readable medium includes software instructions that, when executed by a processor, can perform any of the methods mentioned above.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體包含軟體指令，該等軟體指令在由處理器執行時可執行根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的上文所提及之方法中之任一者。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the non-transitory computer-readable medium includes software instructions, which when executed by a processor can perform the above-mentioned according to one or more specific examples of the present invention. Any of the methods mentioned.

本發明之一或多個具體實例之優勢可包括以下各者中之一或多者：The advantages of one or more specific examples of the present invention may include one or more of the following:

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，即使無線裝置或其使用者可能並不知道其正參與感測器及/或資產追蹤任務，但用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統允許藉由一或多個可能不相關的無線裝置來被動地追蹤可移動感測器/資產，該一或多個無線裝置在廣播Wi-Fi信號之資產的範圍中。以此方式，在需要被追蹤之資產附近的每一智慧型電話可匿名地且無意識地參與資產追蹤任務。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, even if the wireless device or its user may not know that it is participating in the sensor and/or asset tracking task, the method used for passive sensor and/or asset tracking And the system allows passive tracking of movable sensors/assets by one or more potentially unrelated wireless devices that are within range of the asset broadcasting Wi-Fi signals. In this way, every smart phone near the asset that needs to be tracked can anonymously and unconsciously participate in the asset tracking task.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統利用已經現有的裝置、系統及網路以被動地追蹤感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中，被動地追蹤感測器/資產之位置，而無需感測器/資產自身具有與網際網路或其他網路之任何連接性。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking use existing devices, systems, and networks to passively track sensor data, and in some specific cases In the example, the location of the sensor/asset is passively tracked, without the sensor/asset itself having any connectivity to the Internet or other networks.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統可使用不需要連接至任何特定網路之Wi-Fi存取點，以使用Wi-Fi無線網路發現及現代智慧型電話及位置服務之Wi-Fi存取點報告特徵來識別場域中之一或多個感測器/資產，以被動地識別感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中，被動地識別一或多個感測器/資產之位置。每當無線裝置中之任一或多者僅僅進入與廣播Wi-Fi信號之偽Wi-Fi存取點相關聯的感測器/資產之範圍中時，可移動感測器/資產可由可為獨立且不相關的一或多個無線裝置被動地追蹤，且就無線裝置或其使用者而言由於Wi-Fi無線網路發現協定之性質而無任何意圖或意識到其正參與感測器/資產追蹤任務。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking can use Wi-Fi access points that do not need to be connected to any specific network to use Wi-Fi Wireless network discovery and Wi-Fi access point reporting characteristics of modern smart phones and location services to identify one or more sensors/assets in the field to passively identify sensor data, and in some specific In an example, passively identify the location of one or more sensors/assets. Whenever any one or more of the wireless devices only enter the range of the sensor/asset associated with the pseudo Wi-Fi access point that broadcasts the Wi-Fi signal, the movable sensor/asset can be One or more independent and unrelated wireless devices are passively tracked, and the wireless device or its user has no intention or awareness that it is participating in the sensor due to the nature of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery protocol/ Asset tracking task.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統利用智慧型電話、作業系統及至其位置之軟體應用程式中所固有的現有基礎設施以及其遇到之Wi-Fi存取點的唯一識別資訊及其他資訊，以用於改良基於位置之服務之準確度，該等基於位置之服務可在無意識之情況下有利地用於感測器及/或資產追蹤任務。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking utilize the existing infrastructure inherent in smart phones, operating systems, and software applications to their locations, as well as other The unique identification information and other information of the Wi-Fi access point encountered are used to improve the accuracy of location-based services, which can be used to sensors and/or unconsciously Or asset tracking tasks.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統使用Wi-Fi無線網路發現協定以及智慧型電話之Wi-Fi存取點報告特徵，以使用可公開地存取之Wi-Fi信號且在被動掃描應用中相對於資產追蹤任務完全匿名地藉由一或多個無線裝置來被動地追蹤與Wi-Fi存取點相關聯之感測器/資產，且無需無線裝置與任何特定Wi-Fi存取點相關聯。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking use the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery protocol and the Wi-Fi access point reporting feature of smart phones, To use publicly accessible Wi-Fi signals and to passively track the sensing associated with Wi-Fi access points through one or more wireless devices in passive scanning applications completely anonymously from asset tracking tasks Device/asset, and there is no need for a wireless device to be associated with any specific Wi-Fi access point.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統使用與不需要與網際網路或任何其他網路連接之任何連接性且不需要GPS接收器之感測器相關聯的Wi-Fi存取點，反而依賴於一或多個無線裝置來報告與資產相關聯之範圍中偽Wi-Fi存取點的時間、日期及相對位置。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking uses and does not require any connectivity to the Internet or any other network and does not require GPS reception The Wi-Fi access point associated with the sensor of the device instead relies on one or more wireless devices to report the time, date, and relative location of the pseudo Wi-Fi access point in the range associated with the asset.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統、感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫接收直接地或間接地自一或多個無線裝置或Wi-Fi AP資料庫所接收之唯一識別資訊、感測器資料，且在一些具體實例中接收關於一或多個偽Wi-Fi存取點之位置的資訊。可藉由Wi-Fi存取點之位置在感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫中追蹤感測器/資產之感測器資料值及/或位置。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking, the sensor and/or asset tracking database receive directly or indirectly from one or more wireless The device or Wi-Fi AP database receives unique identification information, sensor data, and in some specific instances, receives information about the location of one or more pseudo Wi-Fi access points. The sensor data value and/or location of the sensor/asset can be tracked in the sensor and/or asset tracking database by the location of the Wi-Fi access point.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統可使用Wi-Fi存取點，其允許將替代含義指派至對應於感測器資料或其他資訊之信標訊框、探測回應訊框或其他管理訊框之各個部分。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking can use Wi-Fi access points, which allow alternative meanings to be assigned to corresponding sensor data or Other information beacon frames, detection response frames, or other parts of management frames.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統藉由提供無習知的資產追蹤硬體或軟體系統之可追蹤感測器/資產來降低盜竊。若盜竊者在任一或多個無線裝置之範圍內移動可追蹤資產，則將報告Wi-Fi存取點之發現，且感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫可能夠在盜竊者不知道資產已經被追蹤之情況下定位相關聯的感測器/資產。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking is achieved by providing a trackable sensor/asset of a conventional asset tracking hardware or software system. Reduce theft. If the thief moves a traceable asset within the range of any one or more wireless devices, the discovery of the Wi-Fi access point will be reported, and the sensor and/or asset tracking database may be able to prevent the thief from knowing that the asset has been Locate the associated sensors/assets while being tracked.

在本發明之一或多個具體實例中，用於被動感測器及/或資產追蹤之方法及系統實質上降低了與部署綜合感測器及/或資產追蹤系統相關聯之複雜性及成本。相較於習知的資產追蹤系統，可完全地獨立於感測器及/或資產追蹤任務且與其不相關之一或多個無線裝置充當追蹤基礎設施。In one or more specific examples of the present invention, the method and system for passive sensor and/or asset tracking substantially reduces the complexity and cost associated with deploying an integrated sensor and/or asset tracking system . Compared with the conventional asset tracking system, one or more wireless devices that are completely independent of the sensor and/or asset tracking task and not related to it can serve as the tracking infrastructure.

儘管已根據上文所提及之具體實例描述本發明，但受益於本記載內容之所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到，可在如本文所記載之本發明之範圍內設計其他具體實例。因此，本發明之範圍應僅受隨附申請專利範圍限制。Although the present invention has been described based on the specific examples mentioned above, those with ordinary knowledge in the field who benefit from this description will recognize that other specific examples can be devised within the scope of the invention as described herein. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should only be limited by the scope of the attached patent application.

100:Wi-Fi無線網路 105:寬頻數據機 120:無線裝置 130:無線裝置 140:無線裝置 150:無線裝置 150a:（報告）無線裝置 150b:（報告）無線裝置 150c:（報告）無線裝置 150d:（報告）無線裝置 200:被動掃描模式 205:主動掃描模式 210:管理訊框 220:信標訊框 220a:信標訊框 220b:信標訊框 220c:信標訊框 220s:信標訊框 230:探測請求訊框 240:習知的或偽探測回應訊框 240a:探測回應訊框 240b:探測回應訊框 240c:探測回應訊框 240s:習知的或偽探測回應訊框 250:驗證請求訊框 260:驗證回應訊框 270:相關聯請求訊框 280:相關聯回應 290:資料訊框 300:管理訊框 305:MAC標頭 310:訊框控制欄位 315:持續時間欄位 320:目的地位址欄位 325:源位址欄位 330:BSSID 335:序列控制欄位 340:訊框本體欄位 345:訊框檢查序列欄位 350:必選子欄位 355:視情況選用之子欄位 360:時戳子欄位 365:信標間隔子欄位 370:相容性資訊子欄位 375:SSID子欄位 410:單元塔 420a:GPS衛星 420b:GPS衛星 420c:GPS衛星 430:經報告觀測資料 500:Wi-Fi存取點 500a:Wi-Fi存取點 500b:Wi-Fi存取點 500c:Wi-Fi存取點 502:印刷電路板 504:處理器 506:唯讀記憶體 508:靜態隨機存取記憶體 510:聯合測試行動群組 512:Wi-Fi MAC 514:Wi-Fi基頻處理器 516:時脈產生器 518:射頻接收器 520:RF傳輸器 522:亂數產生器 524:基於雜湊之訊息驗證碼 526:數位簽名 528:進階加密標準密碼加密加速器 530:Rivest-Shamir-Adleman密碼加密加速器 532:保全雜湊演算法 534:快閃加密及安全啟動簽名 536:通用異步接收器-傳輸器 538:I2C 540:I2S 542:串列周邊介面 544:USB OTG 546:紅外線遙控 548:數位至類比轉換器 550:類比至數位轉換器 552:通用輸入及輸出 554:發光二極體介面 556:液晶顯示器介面 558:感測器 560:協同處理器 562:即時時脈 564:功率管理單元 566:電源 600:偽Wi-Fi存取點 600a:Wi-Fi存取點 600b:Wi-Fi存取點 600c:Wi-Fi存取點 610:系統單晶片 700:感測器系統/感測器/資產 710:感測器 720:感測器介面 730:電源 910:路燈燈具 920:乘客車輛 940:觀測資料 1000:被動感測器及/或資產追蹤 1020:可移動感測器/資產 1030:可移動感測器/資產 1040:可移動感測器/資產 1050:可移動感測器/資產/場域/作業現場 1060:街道 1070:機動車輛 1080:觀測資料 1090:資產資料 1100:系統 1110:感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫 1120:用戶端入口 1130:Wi-Fi AP資料庫 1140:符號分界線 1200:計算系統 1205:中央處理單元 1208:介面 1210:主機橋接器 1213:介面 1215:輸入/輸出橋接器 1216:介面 1218:介面 1220:系統記憶體 1221:介面 1223:介面 1225:圖形處理單元 1233:介面 1235:IO擴展裝置 1238:介面 1240:鍵盤 1243:介面 1245:滑鼠 1248:介面 1250:本地儲存裝置 1253:介面 1255:網路介面裝置 1260:網路附接儲存裝置100: Wi-Fi wireless network 105: Broadband modem 120: Wireless device 130: Wireless device 140: Wireless device 150: Wireless device 150a: (report) wireless device 150b: (report) wireless device 150c: (report) wireless device 150d: (report) wireless device 200: passive scanning mode 205: active scanning mode 210: management frame 220: beacon frame 220a: beacon frame 220b: beacon frame 220c: beacon frame 220s: beacon Frame 230: Detection request frame 240: Known or false detection response frame 240a: Detection response frame 240b: Detection response frame 240c: Detection response frame 240s: Known or false detection response frame 250: Verification request frame 260: Verification response frame 270: Associated request frame 280: Associated response 290: Data frame 300: Management frame 305: MAC header 310: Frame control field 315: Duration field 320: Destination address field 325: Source address field 330: BSSID 335: Sequence control field 340: Frame body field 345: Frame check sequence field 350: Required subfield 355: Optional Sub-field 360: Time stamp sub-field 365: Beacon interval sub-field 370: Compatibility information sub-field 375: SSID sub-field 410: Cell tower 420a: GPS satellite 420b: GPS satellite 420c: GPS satellite 430 : Observation data 500: Wi-Fi access point 500a: Wi-Fi access point 500b: Wi-Fi access point 500c: Wi-Fi access point 502: Printed circuit board 504: Processor 506: Read only Memory 508: Static Random Access Memory 510: Joint Test Action Group 512: Wi-Fi MAC 514: Wi-Fi Baseband Processor 516: Clock Generator 518: Radio Frequency Receiver 520: RF Transmitter 522: Random number generator 524: hash-based message verification code 526: digital signature 528: advanced encryption standard password encryption accelerator 530: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman password encryption accelerator 532: security hash algorithm 534: flash encryption and secure boot signature 536: Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter 538: I 2 C 540: I 2 S 542: Serial Peripheral Interface 544: USB OTG 546: Infrared Remote Control 548: Digital to Analog Converter 550: Analog to Digital Converter 552: Universal Input and output 554: LED interface 556: LCD interface 558: Sensor 560: Coprocessor 562: Real-time clock 564: Power management unit 566: Power supply 600: Pseudo Wi-Fi access point 600a: Wi -Fi access point 600b: Wi-Fi access point 600c: Wi-Fi access point 610: System on a chip 70 0: sensor system/sensor/asset 710: sensor 720: sensor interface 730: power supply 910: street lamp 920: passenger vehicle 940: observation data 1000: passive sensor and/or asset tracking 1020 : Movable sensor/asset 1030: Movable sensor/asset 1040: Movable sensor/asset 1050: Movable sensor/asset/field/worksite 1060: Street 1070: Motor vehicle 1080: Observation data 1090: Asset data 1100: System 1110: Sensor and/or asset tracking database 1120: Client portal 1130: Wi-Fi AP database 1140: Symbolic boundary 1200: Computing system 1205: Central processing unit 1208: Interface 1210: Host Bridge 1213: Interface 1215: Input/Output Bridge 1216: Interface 1218: Interface 1220: System Memory 1221: Interface 1223: Interface 1225: Graphics Processing Unit 1233: Interface 1235: IO Expansion Device 1238: Interface 1240 : Keyboard 1243: Interface 1245: Mouse 1248: Interface 1250: Local Storage Device 1253: Interface 1255: Network Interface Device 1260: Network Attached Storage Device

[圖1 ]展示了常規的Wi-Fi無線網路。[Figure 1 ] shows a conventional Wi-Fi wireless network.

[圖2A ]展示了作為IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分的被動掃描模式。[Figure 2A ] shows the passive scanning mode as part of the IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process.

[圖2B ]展示了作為IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分的主動掃描模式。[Figure 2B ] shows the active scan mode as part of the IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process.

[圖2C ]展示了作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現過程之部分的典型地在無線裝置與Wi-Fi存取點之間交換的IEEE 802.11管理訊框之序列。[Figure 2C ] shows a sequence of IEEE 802.11 management frames that are typically exchanged between wireless devices and Wi-Fi access points as part of the Wi-Fi wireless network discovery process.

[圖3A ]展示了IEEE 802.11管理訊框之子類型。[Figure 3A ] shows the sub-type of IEEE 802.11 management frame.

[圖3B ]展示了表示在無線裝置與Wi-Fi存取點之間轉移的管理訊框之類型之習知的IEEE 802.11管理訊框之結構。[Figure 3B ] shows the structure of a conventional IEEE 802.11 management frame representing the type of management frame transferred between the wireless device and the Wi-Fi access point.

[圖4A ]展示了可用於判定無線裝置之位置及一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之各種技術。[Figure 4A ] shows various techniques that can be used to determine the location of a wireless device and one or more Wi-Fi access points.

[圖4B ]展示了無線裝置之圖，該無線裝置將其遇到之一或多個Wi-Fi存取點的觀測報告給Wi-Fi AP資料庫。[Figure 4B ] shows a diagram of a wireless device that reports observations that it encounters one or more Wi-Fi access points to the Wi-Fi AP database.

[圖 5 ]展示了習知的Wi-Fi存取點之方塊圖。[ Figure 5 ] shows the block diagram of a conventional Wi-Fi access point.

[圖 6 ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之偽Wi-Fi存取點的方塊圖。[ Figure 6 ] shows a block diagram of a pseudo Wi-Fi access point according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖7A ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的Wi-Fi存取點耦接之感測器裝置的方塊圖。[FIG. 7A ] shows a block diagram of a sensor device coupled to a Wi-Fi access point according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖7B ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由習知的Wi-Fi存取點或偽Wi-Fi存取點傳輸之管理訊框的實例。[FIG. 7B ] shows an example of a management frame transmitted by a conventional Wi-Fi access point or pseudo Wi-Fi access point according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖8 ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分之在無線裝置或偽Wi-Fi存取點之間交換的管理訊框之序列。[Figure 8 ] shows a sequence of management frames exchanged between wireless devices or pseudo Wi-Fi access points as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖9A ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之被動感測器追蹤的應用之實例。[Figure 9A ] shows an application example of passive sensor tracking according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖9B ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的包括感測器資料之管理訊框之實例。[Figure 9B ] shows an example of a management frame including sensor data according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖9C ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由無線裝置基於相遇報告之觀測資料之實例。[FIG. 9C ] shows an example of observation data based on the encounter report by the wireless device according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖9D ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由感測器追蹤資料庫儲存或產生的感測器資料之實例。[Figure 9D ] shows an example of sensor data stored or generated by a sensor tracking database according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖10A ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之使用一或多個偽Wi-Fi存取點的觀測進行被動感測器追蹤之應用的實例。[Fig. 10A ] shows an application example of passive sensor tracking using observation of one or more pseudo Wi-Fi access points according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖10B ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之由無線裝置基於相遇而報告的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之觀測資料的實例。[FIG. 10B ] shows an example of observation data of one or more Wi-Fi access points reported by the wireless device based on the encounter according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖10C ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例的由感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫儲存或產生的感測器資料之實例。[FIG. 10C ] shows an example of sensor data stored or generated by the sensor and/or asset tracking database according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖10D ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之至感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫之用戶端入口的實例。[FIG. 10D ] shows an example of a client portal to a sensor and/or asset tracking database according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖11 ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之用於被動感測器追蹤的系統。[Figure 11 ] shows a system for passive sensor tracking according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

[圖12 ]展示了根據本發明之一或多個具體實例之計算系統。[Figure 12 ] shows a computing system according to one or more specific examples of the present invention.

150a:(報告)無線裝置 150a: (report) wireless device

150b:(報告)無線裝置 150b: (report) wireless device

150c:(報告)無線裝置 150c: (report) wireless device

150d:(報告)無線裝置 150d: (report) wireless device

230:探測請求訊框 230: Probe request frame

500:Wi-Fi存取點 500: Wi-Fi access point

600:偽Wi-Fi存取點 600: Pseudo Wi-Fi access point

700:感測器系統/感測器/資產 700: sensor system/sensor/asset

1100:系統 1100: System

1110:感測器及/或資產追蹤資料庫 1110: Sensor and/or asset tracking database

1120:用戶端入口 1120: User portal

1130:Wi-Fi AP資料庫 1130: Wi-Fi AP database

1140:符號分界線 1140: Symbolic Boundary

1200:計算系統 1200: Computing System

Claims (59)

一種被動感測器追蹤之方法，其包含： 使用Wi-Fi存取點，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，該Wi-Fi存取點傳輸包含感測器之感測器資料的管理訊框； 在感測器追蹤資料庫中將該Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊與該感測器相關聯； 自Wi-Fi AP資料庫接收該Wi-Fi存取點之觀測資料，該觀測資料包含該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之該感測器資料；及 將該感測器資料儲存在該感測器追蹤資料庫中， 其中該Wi-Fi AP資料庫自遇到該Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個無線裝置接收包含觀測資料之一或多個報告。A method for passive sensor tracking, which includes: Use a Wi-Fi access point as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery. The Wi-Fi access point transmits a management frame containing the sensor data of the sensor; Associate the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point with the sensor in the sensor tracking database; Receive observation data of the Wi-Fi access point from the Wi-Fi AP database, the observation data including the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point and the sensor data of the sensor; and Store the sensor data in the sensor tracking database, The Wi-Fi AP database receives one or more reports containing observation data since one or more wireless devices encountered the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包含： 提供對該感測器追蹤資料庫中之該感測器資料之使用者存取。Such as the method of claim 1, which further includes: Provide user access to the sensor data in the sensor tracking database. 如請求項1之方法，其中該感測器安置在資產上、附接至該資產或與該資產整合，或置放於需要感測之位置中。Such as the method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is placed on an asset, attached to or integrated with the asset, or placed in a location that needs to be sensed. 如請求項1之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點為偽Wi-Fi存取點。Such as the method of claim 1, wherein the Wi-Fi access point is a pseudo Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項1之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊包含該Wi-Fi存取點之基本服務集識別符（BSSID）。Such as the method of claim 1, wherein the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the basic service set identifier (BSSID) of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項1之方法，其中該感測器之該感測器資料儲存於由該Wi-Fi存取點傳輸之該管理訊框的服務集識別符（SSID）欄位中。Such as the method of claim 1, wherein the sensor data of the sensor is stored in the service set identifier (SSID) field of the management frame transmitted by the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項1之方法，其中該觀測資料進一步包含該Wi-Fi存取點之位置資訊。Such as the method of claim 1, wherein the observation data further includes location information of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項7之方法，其進一步包含： 至少部分地基於該Wi-Fi存取點之該觀測資料來判定該感測器之位置。Such as the method of claim 7, which further includes: The location of the sensor is determined based at least in part on the observation data of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項7之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含該Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 7, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the latitude and longitude of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項7之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 7, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the latitude and longitude at or near the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項7之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在該與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的該Wi-Fi存取點之接收信號強度。Such as the method of claim 7, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes information measured by the reporting wireless device at or near the time when the reporting wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point The received signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項7之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而接近該Wi-Fi存取點的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 7, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes reporting that the wireless device approaches the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time when it meets the Wi-Fi access point The latitude and longitude of one or more Wi-Fi access points. 如請求項7之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含之報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而接近該Wi-Fi存取點的一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點之接收信號強度。Such as the method of claim 7, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the report that the wireless device approaches the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time when it meets the Wi-Fi access point The received signal strength of one or more other Wi-Fi access points. 如請求項8之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用該Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度作為該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 8, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the latitude and longitude of the Wi-Fi access point as the location of the sensor. 如請求項8之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置之緯度及經度作為該感測器之該位置。The method of claim 8, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the latitude and longitude of the reporting wireless device as the location of the sensor. 如請求項8之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇之時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的該Wi-Fi存取點的接收信號強度以判定該感測器之該位置。The method of claim 8, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the reporting wireless device to measure the Wi-Fi measured by the reporting wireless device at or near the time when it encounters the Wi-Fi access point. The received signal strength of the Fi access point is used to determine the position of the sensor. 如請求項8之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置遇到之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度以判定該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 8, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the reporting wireless device when or near the time when the Wi-Fi access point meets and the reporting wireless device encounters one or more The latitude and longitude of each other Wi-Fi access point are used to determine the location of the sensor. 如請求項8之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇之時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之接收信號強度以判定該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 8, wherein determining the position of the sensor includes using one or more measurements measured by the reporting wireless device at or near the time when the reporting wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point The received signal strength of a Wi-Fi access point is used to determine the location of the sensor. 如請求項1之方法，其中在該感測器追蹤資料庫與一或多個無線裝置之間不存在通信，該一或多個無線裝置將與該Wi-Fi存取點之相遇報告給該Wi-Fi AP資料庫。Such as the method of claim 1, wherein there is no communication between the sensor tracking database and one or more wireless devices, and the one or more wireless devices report the encounter with the Wi-Fi access point to the Wi-Fi AP database. 一種被動感測器追蹤之方法，其包含：  使用Wi-Fi存取點，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，該Wi-Fi存取點傳輸包含感測器之感測器資料的管理訊框； 在感測器追蹤資料庫中將該Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊與該感測器相關聯； 自遇到該Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個直接報告無線裝置接收該Wi-Fi存取點之第一觀測資料，該第一觀測資料包含該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之第一感測器資料； 自Wi-Fi AP資料庫接收該Wi-Fi存取點之第二觀測資料，該第二觀測資料包含該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之第二感測器資料；及 將該第一感測器資料及該第二感測器資料儲存在該感測器追蹤資料庫中， 其中該Wi-Fi AP資料庫自一或多個無線裝置接收包含該第二觀測資料之一或多個報告，該一或多個無線裝置遇到該Wi-Fi存取點且將其各別相遇報告給該Wi-Fi AP資料庫。A method of passive sensor tracking, which includes: using a Wi-Fi access point as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, the Wi-Fi access point transmits the management of sensor data including the sensor Frame Associate the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point with the sensor in the sensor tracking database; One or more direct reporting wireless devices receive the first observation data of the Wi-Fi access point since encountering the Wi-Fi access point, and the first observation data includes the unique identification of the Wi-Fi access point Information and the first sensor data of the sensor; Receive second observation data of the Wi-Fi access point from the Wi-Fi AP database, the second observation data including the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point and the second sensor of the sensor Data; and Storing the first sensor data and the second sensor data in the sensor tracking database, The Wi-Fi AP database receives one or more reports containing the second observation data from one or more wireless devices, and the one or more wireless devices encounter the Wi-Fi access point and separate them The encounter is reported to the Wi-Fi AP database. 如請求項20之方法，其進一步包含： 提供對該感測器追蹤資料庫中之該感測器資料之使用者存取。Such as the method of claim 20, which further includes: Provide user access to the sensor data in the sensor tracking database. 如請求項20之方法，其中該感測器安置在資產上、附接至該資產或與該資產整合，或置放於需要感測之位置中。Such as the method of claim 20, wherein the sensor is placed on an asset, attached to or integrated with the asset, or placed in a location that needs to be sensed. 如請求項20之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點為偽Wi-Fi存取點。Such as the method of claim 20, wherein the Wi-Fi access point is a pseudo Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項20之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊包含該Wi-Fi存取點之基本服務集識別符（BSSID）。Such as the method of claim 20, wherein the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point includes a basic service set identifier (BSSID) of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項20之方法，其中該感測器之該感測器資料儲存於由該Wi-Fi存取點傳輸之該管理訊框的服務集識別符（SSID）欄位中。Such as the method of claim 20, wherein the sensor data of the sensor is stored in the service set identifier (SSID) field of the management frame transmitted by the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項20之方法，其中的觀測資料進一步包含該Wi-Fi存取點之位置資訊。Such as the method of claim 20, wherein the observation data further includes location information of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項26之方法，其進一步包含： 至少部分地基於該Wi-Fi存取點之該觀測資料來判定該感測器之位置。Such as the method of claim 26, which further includes: The location of the sensor is determined based at least in part on the observation data of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項26之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含該Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 26, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the latitude and longitude of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項26之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 26, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the latitude and longitude at or near the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項26之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的該Wi-Fi存取點之接收信號強度。For example, the method of claim 26, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the measurement by the reporting wireless device when the reporting wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time The received signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項26之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而接近該Wi-Fi存取點的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 26, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes reporting that the wireless device approaches the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time when it meets the Wi-Fi access point The latitude and longitude of one or more Wi-Fi access points. 如請求項26之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含之報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而接近該Wi-Fi存取點的一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點之接收信號強度。Such as the method of claim 26, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the report that the wireless device approaches the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time when it meets the Wi-Fi access point The received signal strength of one or more other Wi-Fi access points. 如請求項27之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用該Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度作為該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 27, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the latitude and longitude of the Wi-Fi access point as the location of the sensor. 如請求項27之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置之緯度及經度作為該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 27, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the latitude and longitude of the reporting wireless device as the location of the sensor. 如請求項27之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇之時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的該Wi-Fi存取點的接收信號強度以判定該感測器之該位置。The method of claim 27, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the reporting wireless device to measure the Wi-Fi measured by the reporting wireless device at or near the time when the Wi-Fi access point meets the Wi-Fi access point. The received signal strength of the Fi access point is used to determine the position of the sensor. 如請求項27之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置遇到之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度以判定該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 27, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the reporting wireless device when or near the time when the Wi-Fi access point meets and the reporting wireless device encounters one or more The latitude and longitude of each other Wi-Fi access point are used to determine the location of the sensor. 如請求項27之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇之時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點的接收信號強度以判定該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 27, wherein determining the position of the sensor includes using one or more measurements by the reporting wireless device at or near the time when the reporting wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point The received signal strength of each Wi-Fi access point is used to determine the location of the sensor. 如請求項20之方法，其中在該感測器追蹤資料庫與一或多個無線裝置之間不存在通信，該一或多個無線裝置將與該Wi-Fi存取點之相遇報告給該Wi-Fi AP資料庫。Such as the method of claim 20, wherein there is no communication between the sensor tracking database and one or more wireless devices, and the one or more wireless devices report the encounter with the Wi-Fi access point to the Wi-Fi AP database. 一種被動感測器追蹤之方法，其包含： 使用Wi-Fi存取點，作為Wi-Fi無線網路發現之部分，該Wi-Fi存取點傳輸包含感測器之感測器資料的管理訊框； 在感測器追蹤資料庫中將該Wi-Fi存取點之唯一識別資訊與該感測器相關聯； 自遇到該Wi-Fi存取點之一或多個無線裝置接收該Wi-Fi存取點之觀測資料，該觀測資料包含該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊及該感測器之感測器資料；及 將該感測器資料儲存在該感測器追蹤資料庫中。A method for passive sensor tracking, which includes: Use a Wi-Fi access point as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery. The Wi-Fi access point transmits a management frame containing the sensor data of the sensor; Associate the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point with the sensor in the sensor tracking database; One or more wireless devices that encounter the Wi-Fi access point receive observation data of the Wi-Fi access point, and the observation data includes the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point and the sensor Sensor data; and The sensor data is stored in the sensor tracking database. 如請求項39之方法，其進一步包含： 向一或多個無線裝置提供該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊，以將由一或多個無線裝置報告之該觀測資料限制為與該Wi-Fi存取點相關之資料。Such as the method of claim 39, which further includes: The unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point is provided to one or more wireless devices to limit the observation data reported by the one or more wireless devices to data related to the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項39之方法，其進一步包含： 向一或多個無線裝置提供該Wi-Fi存取點之識別資訊，以將由一或多個無線裝置報告之該觀測資料限制為與該Wi-Fi存取點相關之資料。Such as the method of claim 39, which further includes: Provide identification information of the Wi-Fi access point to one or more wireless devices to limit the observation data reported by the one or more wireless devices to data related to the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項39之方法，其進一步包含： 對經接收之該觀測資料進行過濾，以將該觀測資料限制為與待追蹤之可移動資產相關聯之偽Wi-Fi存取點相關的資料。Such as the method of claim 39, which further includes: Filter the received observation data to limit the observation data to data related to pseudo Wi-Fi access points associated with the movable asset to be tracked. 如請求項39之方法，其進一步包含： 提供對該感測器追蹤資料庫中之該感測器資料之使用者存取。Such as the method of claim 39, which further includes: Provide user access to the sensor data in the sensor tracking database. 如請求項39之方法，其中該感測器安置在資產上、附接至該資產或與該資產整合，或置放於需要感測之位置中。Such as the method of claim 39, wherein the sensor is placed on an asset, attached to or integrated with the asset, or placed in a location that needs to be sensed. 如請求項39之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點為偽Wi-Fi存取點。Such as the method of claim 39, wherein the Wi-Fi access point is a pseudo Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項39之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該唯一識別資訊包含該Wi-Fi存取點之基本服務集識別符（BSSID）。Such as the method of claim 39, wherein the unique identification information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the basic service set identifier (BSSID) of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項39之方法，其中該感測器之該感測器資料儲存於由該Wi-Fi存取點傳輸之該管理訊框的服務集識別符（SSID）欄位中。Such as the method of claim 39, wherein the sensor data of the sensor is stored in the service set identifier (SSID) field of the management frame transmitted by the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項39之方法，其中該觀測資料進一步包含該Wi-Fi存取點之位置資訊。Such as the method of claim 39, wherein the observation data further includes location information of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項47之方法，其進一步包含： 至少部分地基於該Wi-Fi存取點之該觀測資料來判定該感測器之位置。Such as the method of claim 47, which further includes: The location of the sensor is determined based at least in part on the observation data of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項47之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含該Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 47, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the latitude and longitude of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項47之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 47, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the latitude and longitude at or near the time when the wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項47之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的該Wi-Fi存取點的接收信號強度。For example, the method of claim 47, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes the measurement by the reporting wireless device when the reporting wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time The received signal strength of the Wi-Fi access point. 如請求項47之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而接近該Wi-Fi存取點的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度。Such as the method of claim 47, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes reporting that the wireless device approaches the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time when it meets the Wi-Fi access point The latitude and longitude of one or more Wi-Fi access points. 如請求項47之方法，其中該Wi-Fi存取點之該位置資訊包含報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而接近該Wi-Fi存取點的一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點之接收信號強度。Such as the method of claim 47, wherein the location information of the Wi-Fi access point includes reporting that the wireless device approaches the Wi-Fi access point at or near the time when it meets the Wi-Fi access point The received signal strength of one or more other Wi-Fi access points. 如請求項48之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用該Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度作為該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 48, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the latitude and longitude of the Wi-Fi access point as the location of the sensor. 如請求項48之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置之緯度及經度作為該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 48, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the latitude and longitude of the reporting wireless device as the location of the sensor. 如請求項48之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇之時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的該Wi-Fi存取點的接收信號強度以判定該感測器之該位置。The method of claim 48, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the reporting wireless device to measure the Wi-Fi measured by the reporting wireless device at or near the time when it encounters the Wi-Fi access point. The received signal strength of the Fi access point is used to determine the position of the sensor. 如請求項48之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇的時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置遇到之一或多個其他Wi-Fi存取點之緯度及經度以判定該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 48, wherein determining the location of the sensor includes using the reporting wireless device when or near the time when the Wi-Fi access point encounters the Wi-Fi access point and the reporting wireless device encounters one or more The latitude and longitude of each other Wi-Fi access point are used to determine the location of the sensor. 如請求項48之方法，其中判定該感測器之該位置包含使用報告無線裝置在與該Wi-Fi存取點相遇之時間時或該時間附近而由該報告無線裝置量測的一或多個Wi-Fi存取點的接收信號強度以判定該感測器之該位置。Such as the method of claim 48, wherein determining the position of the sensor includes using one or more measurements measured by the reporting wireless device at or near the time when the reporting wireless device meets the Wi-Fi access point The received signal strength of each Wi-Fi access point is used to determine the location of the sensor.
TW110108347A 2020-03-09 2021-03-09 Passive sensor tracking using observations of wi-fi access points TW202135548A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (16)

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US16/812,471 US10848934B1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-03-09 Passive sensor tracking with existing infrastructure
US16/812,612 US10848935B1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-03-09 Passive asset tracking with existing infrastructure
US16/812,612 2020-03-09
US16/812,471 2020-03-09
US16/907,806 2020-06-22
US16/907,806 US10841749B1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-06-22 Passive asset tracking with existing infrastructure
PCT/US2020/046657 WO2021050209A1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-08-17 Passive asset tracking with existing infrastructure
WOPCT/US20/046667 2020-08-17
WOPCT/US20/046662 2020-08-17
WOPCT/US20/046657 2020-08-17
PCT/US2020/046667 WO2021050211A1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-08-17 Passive asset tracking with existing infrastructure
PCT/US2020/046662 WO2021050210A1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-08-17 Passive sensor tracking with existing infrastructure
US17/099,749 US11622234B2 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-11-16 Passive asset tracking using observations of Wi-Fi access points
US17/099,749 2020-11-16
US17/102,429 2020-11-23
US17/102,429 US11589187B2 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-11-23 Passive sensor tracking using observations of Wi-Fi access points

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI833539B (en) * 2023-01-05 2024-02-21 啟碁科技股份有限公司 Mobile electronic device, system for using mobile electronic device and method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI833539B (en) * 2023-01-05 2024-02-21 啟碁科技股份有限公司 Mobile electronic device, system for using mobile electronic device and method thereof

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