TW202119053A - A pantograph measuring device - Google Patents

A pantograph measuring device Download PDF

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Publication number
TW202119053A
TW202119053A TW108146279A TW108146279A TW202119053A TW 202119053 A TW202119053 A TW 202119053A TW 108146279 A TW108146279 A TW 108146279A TW 108146279 A TW108146279 A TW 108146279A TW 202119053 A TW202119053 A TW 202119053A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
pantograph
mentioned
power
magnetic field
coil
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TW108146279A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI752389B (en
Inventor
李建福
趙仁鎬
李炳松
李壽吉
李勁彪
李章茂
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韓國鐵道技術研究院
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M1/00—Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
    • B60M1/12—Trolley lines; Accessories therefor
    • B60M1/28—Manufacturing or repairing trolley lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/22—Supporting means for the contact bow
    • B60L5/24—Pantographs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/20—Details of contact bow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/30—Railway vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pantograph inspection device and, more particularly, to a pantograph inspection device which enables electricity to be harvested through a magnetic field and an electric field due to an electric current supplied to a pantograph and enables power to be stored in a rechargeable battery, whereby the power is used as power of an inspection unit for inspecting the pantograph. Accordingly, the present invention can prevent a safety accident from occurring at the time of replacing a discharged battery as well as can reduce maintenance costs. The present invention for achieving the above-mentioned purpose comprises: an inspection unit installed on a pantograph of a railway vehicle to inspect the state of the pantograph; a power supply unit for supplying power to the inspection unit; and a harvester unit provided in the pantograph to collect electrical energy from the pantograph and supply the collected electrical energy to the power supply unit.

Description

受電弓檢測裝置 Pantograph detection device

本發明涉及一種受電弓檢測裝置，更具體地，涉及如下的受電弓檢測裝置：通過向受電弓供給的電流產生的磁場及電場來收集(harvest)電，將電源儲存於充電電池，來將其用作用於檢測受電弓的檢測部的電源，不僅可以節減維護費用，還可以防止在更換放完電的電池時發生安全事故。 The present invention relates to a pantograph detection device, and more specifically, to a pantograph detection device that collects electricity by the magnetic field and electric field generated by the current supplied to the pantograph, and stores the power in a rechargeable battery to store it Used as a power source for the detection part of the pantograph, it can not only save maintenance costs, but also prevent safety accidents when replacing discharged batteries.

在鐵路中，由於物理性接觸，受電弓與其作為上部架線的電車線發生磨損並劣化。若在運行過程中發生衝擊或電弧，則會局部受損，使得劣化程度不均勻。受電弓可在車輛進入檢修庫並檢查時輕鬆通過肉眼掌握受損部位，但在電車線的情況下，由於其長度太長，且位於上部，因此難以進行檢查。 In railways, due to physical contact, the pantograph and its upper trolley wire are worn and deteriorated. If an impact or arc occurs during operation, it will be locally damaged, making the degree of deterioration uneven. The pantograph can easily grasp the damaged part with the naked eye when the vehicle enters the maintenance warehouse and inspects, but in the case of the tram line, it is too long and located on the upper part, so it is difficult to inspect.

因此，在以往，將用於檢測衝擊等的裝置設置於特殊目的檢測車輛的上部，當受電弓-電車線之間發生異常時，可以掌握發生異常的位置和程度。然而，在此情況下，若利用檢測車輛，則根據檢查週期進行間歇性地檢測，具有無法即時發現問題的缺點。 Therefore, in the past, a device for detecting impact and the like was installed on the upper part of a special purpose detection vehicle, and when an abnormality occurs between the pantograph and the tram line, it is possible to grasp the location and extent of the abnormality. However, in this case, if the inspection vehicle is used, the inspection is performed intermittently according to the inspection cycle, and there is a disadvantage that the problem cannot be found immediately.

並且，在使用檢測車輛的情況下，雖可以知道電車 線的狀態，但卻具有無法確認設置於線上路上運行的各個營運車輛上部的受電弓的狀態的缺點。 Also, in the case of using a detection vehicle, although you can know that the tram However, it has the disadvantage that the state of the pantograph installed on the upper part of each commercial vehicle running on the line cannot be confirmed.

近來，開發出了在普通營運車輛附加設置檢測裝置來即時檢測電車線及受電弓狀態的方法，其中，設置於受電弓上的衝擊檢測裝置可將感測器直接設置於集電靴，因此，具有可通過高靈敏度來檢測異常的優點，但由於受電弓處於25kV的高壓環境中，當設置追加裝置時，為保持絕緣，具有無法使用外部電源的缺點。因此，現有裝置利用大容量電池來保持絕緣，並供給檢測裝置的電源。 Recently, a method has been developed to additionally install a detection device on ordinary commercial vehicles to detect the status of the tram line and pantograph in real time. Among them, the impact detection device installed on the pantograph can directly install the sensor on the collector shoe. Therefore, It has the advantage of being able to detect abnormalities with high sensitivity, but because the pantograph is in a high-voltage environment of 25kV, when an additional device is installed, it has the disadvantage of not being able to use an external power supply to maintain insulation. Therefore, existing devices use large-capacity batteries to maintain insulation and supply power to the detection device.

但是，受電弓上用於設置大容量電池的空間狹小，為不妨礙鐵路車輛的空氣動力學特性，電池的尺寸只能受限，並且檢測系統具有與外部進行無線通訊等耗電高的特性，因此電池的更換週期短至幾個月以下。 However, the space for installing a large-capacity battery on the pantograph is small. In order not to hinder the aerodynamic characteristics of railway vehicles, the size of the battery can only be limited, and the detection system has the characteristics of high power consumption such as wireless communication with the outside. Therefore, the battery replacement cycle is as short as a few months.

而且，在更換電池時，需要切斷高壓架線的電力，並讓工作人員上到車輛的頂部進行操作，因此，不僅成本高，還有發生安全事故的危險，儘管提出將太陽能發電裝置或風力發電裝置等用作電池電源的輔助手段，但也只是延長了電池的使用時間，未從根本上解決電池需要更換來進行維護的問題。 Moreover, when replacing the battery, it is necessary to cut off the power of the high-voltage line and allow the staff to go to the top of the vehicle to operate. Therefore, not only the cost is high, but there is also the risk of safety accidents. Although it is proposed to use solar power generation devices or wind power generation The device is used as an auxiliary means of battery power, but it only prolongs the use time of the battery, and does not fundamentally solve the problem that the battery needs to be replaced for maintenance.

由此，因其頻繁更換電池，且由於安全及維護等，只適用於部分車輛，無法適用於所有運營中的車輛。 As a result, due to frequent battery replacement, and due to safety and maintenance, it is only applicable to some vehicles and cannot be applied to all vehicles in operation.

現有技術文獻 Prior art literature

專利文獻 Patent literature

韓國公開專利10-2017-0025757 Korean Published Patent 10-2017-0025757

本發明為解決上述問題而提出，本發明的目的在於，提供一種受電弓檢測裝置，包括：檢測部，用於即時檢測受電弓的狀態；電源部，用於向上述檢測部供電；以及收集部，位於受電弓，通過借助從電車線供給的電流產生的磁場和電場來收集電，並對所收集的電進行加工並向上述電源部供給，來對設置於電源部的充電電池進行充電並使用，直到充電電池的壽命完結為止，不用進行更換，因此，可以節減維護費用，可將充電電池的更換週期延長相當長的時間，從而減少工作人員進行手工作業時發生的安全事故。 The present invention is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. The object of the present invention is to provide a pantograph detection device, including: a detection part for detecting the state of the pantograph in real time; a power supply part for supplying power to the detection part; and a collection part , Located in the pantograph, collect electricity by the magnetic field and electric field generated by the electric current supplied from the tram line, process the collected electricity and supply it to the power supply unit, to charge and use the rechargeable battery installed in the power supply unit , Until the end of the life of the rechargeable battery, there is no need to replace it, so maintenance costs can be reduced, and the replacement cycle of the rechargeable battery can be extended for a long time, thereby reducing the safety accidents caused by the staff during manual work.

用於為解決上述問題的本發明的特徵在於，包括：檢測部，設置於鐵路車輛的受電弓，用於檢測上述受電弓的狀態；電源部，用於向上述檢測部供電；以及收集部，位於上述受電弓，從上述受電弓收集電能並向上述電源部供給。 The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is characterized by comprising: a detection unit for detecting the state of the pantograph provided on a railway vehicle; a power supply unit for supplying power to the detection unit; and a collection unit, Located in the pantograph, electric energy is collected from the pantograph and supplied to the power supply unit.

其中，上述收集部由在受電弓的匯流條設置的磁場收集器構成，上述磁場收集器包括：芯，位於匯流條外側；以及線圈，卷繞於上述芯。 Wherein, the collection part is composed of a magnetic field collector provided on a bus bar of the pantograph, and the magnetic field collector includes a core located outside the bus bar; and a coil wound around the core.

另外，本發明的特徵在於，上述線圈分別纏繞於芯的上部和下部的一半。 In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned coils are respectively wound around the upper and lower half of the core.

此時，本發明的特徵在於，上述電源部還包括用於降低上述芯的飽和度的芯穩定化電路，上述芯穩定化電路包括：電阻，與上述磁場收集器的輸出部並聯；第一開關，與上述電阻串聯連接；以及第二開關，與上述磁場收集器的輸出部串聯連接。 At this time, the present invention is characterized in that the power supply section further includes a core stabilization circuit for reducing the saturation of the core, and the core stabilization circuit includes a resistor connected in parallel with the output section of the magnetic field collector; and a first switch , Connected in series with the above-mentioned resistor; and a second switch, connected in series with the output part of the above-mentioned magnetic field collector.

而且，本發明的特徵在於，上述磁場收集器還包括：多抽頭，按照區間與上述線圈相連接，通過控制器來調節上述線圈的匝數比；以及電容器，與上述線圈的兩端並聯連接，用於補償線圈的磁化電感。 Moreover, the present invention is characterized in that the magnetic field collector further includes: a multi-tap connected to the coil according to the interval, and the turns ratio of the coil is adjusted by a controller; and a capacitor connected in parallel with both ends of the coil, Used to compensate the magnetizing inductance of the coil.

其中，本發明的特徵在於，上述多抽頭具有根據控制器的控制進行開關切換動作的多個選擇開關，來選擇按照區間與線圈相連接的多個抽頭中的一個。 Among them, the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned multi-tap has a plurality of selection switches that perform switching operations according to the control of the controller, and selects one of the plurality of taps connected to the coil in accordance with the section.

另外，本發明的特徵在於，上述收集部由利用形成於上述受電弓的電場的電場收集器，上述電場收集器通過在上述受電弓的集電板與鐵路車輛的車頂之間設置板形態的導體部來形成。 In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the collecting portion is an electric field collector that utilizes an electric field formed in the pantograph, and the electric field collector is formed by installing a plate-shaped plate between the current collector plate of the pantograph and the roof of the railway vehicle. The conductor part is formed.

而且，本發明的特徵在於，上述電源部包括：整流器，用於對在收集部生成的電進行整流；以及變換器，將通過上述整流器整流的電變換為與檢測部相對應的電壓。 Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that the power supply unit includes a rectifier for rectifying the electricity generated in the collection unit, and a converter for converting the electricity rectified by the rectifier into a voltage corresponding to the detection unit.

其中，本發明的特徵在於，上述電源部還包括用於儲存通過整流器整流的電源的充電電池。 Among them, the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned power supply unit further includes a rechargeable battery for storing the power rectified by the rectifier.

根據上述結構的本發明，本發明包括：檢測部，用 於即時檢測受電弓的狀態；電源部，用於向上述檢測部供電；以及收集部，位於受電弓，通過借助從電車線供給的電流產生的磁場和電場來收集電，並對所收集的電進行加工並向電源部供給，來對設置於電源部的充電電池進行充電並使用，直到充電電池的壽命完結為止，不用進行更換，從而具有如下的效果，即，節減維護費用，將充電電池的更換週期延長相當長的時間，並減少工作人員進行手工作業時發生的安全事故。 According to the present invention with the above structure, the present invention includes: a detection section, It is used to detect the state of the pantograph in real time; the power supply unit is used to supply power to the above-mentioned detection unit; and the collection unit is located in the pantograph, which collects electricity through the magnetic field and electric field generated by the electric current supplied from the trolley line, and controls the collected electricity. Process and supply the power supply unit to charge and use the rechargeable battery installed in the power supply unit. It does not need to be replaced until the life of the rechargeable battery is over. This has the effect of reducing maintenance costs and reducing the cost of the rechargeable battery. The replacement cycle is extended for a long time, and the safety accidents that occur when the staff are engaged in manual work are reduced.

100‧‧‧磁場收集器 100‧‧‧Magnetic field collector

110‧‧‧芯 110‧‧‧Core

120‧‧‧線圈 120‧‧‧Coil

130‧‧‧多抽頭 130‧‧‧Multi-tap

140‧‧‧控制器 140‧‧‧controller

150‧‧‧電容器 150‧‧‧Capacitor

310‧‧‧車頂 310‧‧‧Car roof

320‧‧‧絕緣子 320‧‧‧Insulator

330‧‧‧受電弓 330‧‧‧Pantograph

340‧‧‧架線 340‧‧‧Wire

400‧‧‧檢測部 400‧‧‧Testing Department

410‧‧‧感測器 410‧‧‧Sensor

500‧‧‧收集部 500‧‧‧Collection Department

510‧‧‧電場收集器 510‧‧‧Electric Field Collector

600‧‧‧電源部 600‧‧‧Power Department

610‧‧‧整流器 610‧‧‧rectifier

620‧‧‧超級電容器 620‧‧‧Super capacitor

630‧‧‧變換器 630‧‧‧Converter

640‧‧‧充電電池 640‧‧‧Rechargeable battery

650‧‧‧充電裝置 650‧‧‧Charging device

660‧‧‧微控制單元(MCU) 660‧‧‧Micro Control Unit (MCU)

670‧‧‧芯穩定化電路 670‧‧‧Core stabilization circuit

700‧‧‧伺服器 700‧‧‧Server

L‧‧‧匯流條 L‧‧‧Bus Bar

圖1為本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的概念圖。 Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the pantograph detection device of the present invention.

圖2為本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的框圖。 Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the pantograph detection device of the present invention.

圖3為本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的電場收集器的概念圖。 Fig. 3 is a conceptual diagram of the electric field collector of the pantograph detection device of the present invention.

圖4為本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的磁場收集器的概念圖。 Fig. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the magnetic field collector of the pantograph detection device of the present invention.

圖5為示出本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的芯處於飽和狀態時的輸出電壓的測量裝置的圖。 Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an output voltage measuring device when the core of the pantograph detection device of the present invention is in a saturated state.

圖6為示出本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的根據收集部的負荷電阻的輸出電壓趨勢的曲線圖。 Fig. 6 is a graph showing the trend of the output voltage according to the load resistance of the collecting part of the pantograph detection device of the present invention.

圖7為本發明另一實施例的受電弓檢測裝置的磁場收集器的概念圖。 Fig. 7 is a conceptual diagram of a magnetic field collector of a pantograph detection device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

圖8為圖7實施例的磁場收集器的等效電路。 Fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit of the magnetic field collector of the embodiment of Fig. 7.

圖9為圖7實施例的磁場收集器的簡化等效電路。 Fig. 9 is a simplified equivalent circuit of the magnetic field collector of the embodiment of Fig. 7.

圖10為示出將圖7實施例的磁場收集器用於電力模擬時的 結構的電路圖。 Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a case where the magnetic field collector of the embodiment of Fig. 7 is used in a power simulation Structured circuit diagram.

圖11至圖14為示出對圖7實施例的磁場收集器進行電力模擬的曲線圖。 11 to 14 are graphs showing power simulation of the magnetic field collector of the embodiment of FIG. 7.

圖15為圖7實施例的磁場收集器的極簡等效電路。 Fig. 15 is a minimalist equivalent circuit of the magnetic field collector of the embodiment of Fig. 7.

圖16為現有普通收集用磁場結合器的結構圖。 Fig. 16 is a structural diagram of a conventional magnetic field combiner for general collection.

圖17為圖16所示的收集用磁場結合器的等效電路圖。 Fig. 17 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the magnetic field combiner for collection shown in Fig. 16.

圖18為用於說明本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的電場收集器的電力收集的例示圖。 FIG. 18 is an exemplary diagram for explaining the electric power collection of the electric field collector of the pantograph detection device of the present invention.

圖19為圖18的等效電路的例示圖。 Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the equivalent circuit of Fig. 18.

圖20為在圖19的等效電路添加電源部及負荷的例示圖。 Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a power supply unit and a load are added to the equivalent circuit of Fig. 19.

圖21為示出本發明的受電弓檢測裝置的匯流條的端部的狀態圖。 21 is a diagram showing the state of the end of the bus bar of the pantograph detection device of the present invention.

以下，參照附圖對本發明的優選實施例進行更加詳細的說明。對於附圖中相同的結構要素使用相同的附圖標記，對於相同的結構要素，將省略重複的說明。而且，應該理解的是，本發明可實現為多個不同的形態，並不局限於所記述的實施例。 Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same structural elements in the drawings, and the repeated description will be omitted for the same structural elements. Furthermore, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in a number of different forms and is not limited to the described embodiments.

本發明涉及一種受電弓檢測裝置，如圖1至圖21所示，其結構包括：檢測部400，設置於鐵路車輛的受電弓330，用於檢測上述受電弓330的狀態；電源部600，用於向上述檢測部400供電；以及收集部500，位於上述受電弓330，從上述受電弓330收集電能並向上述電源部600供給。 The present invention relates to a pantograph detection device, as shown in Figures 1 to 21, its structure includes: a detection unit 400, a pantograph 330 installed on a railway vehicle, for detecting the state of the pantograph 330; a power supply unit 600, The power is supplied to the detection unit 400; and the collection unit 500, which is located in the pantograph 330, collects electric energy from the pantograph 330 and supplies it to the power supply unit 600.

其中，如圖1所示，上述檢測部400和電源部600可位於同一個箱體內部，雖未圖示，但也可根據設置環境準備單獨箱體來設置。 Among them, as shown in FIG. 1, the detection unit 400 and the power supply unit 600 may be located inside the same box. Although not shown, a separate box may be prepared and installed according to the installation environment.

而且，上述受電弓330通過使集電板332與上部的架線340相接觸來向鐵路車輛傳遞電力，受電弓330通過位於其下部的絕緣子320來與鐵路車輛的車頂310絕緣，上述檢測部包括：感測器410，設置於受電弓330各個部分；通訊模組402，從上述感測器410接收測量值，並向遠程的伺服器700發送測量資訊；以及微控制單元404(MCU，micro control unit)，用於控制各個結構。 In addition, the pantograph 330 transmits electric power to the railway vehicle by contacting the current collector plate 332 with the overhead wire 340, and the pantograph 330 is insulated from the roof 310 of the railway vehicle through an insulator 320 located at the lower part of the pantograph 330. The detection unit includes: The sensor 410 is arranged in each part of the pantograph 330; the communication module 402 receives the measurement value from the sensor 410 and sends the measurement information to the remote server 700; and the micro control unit 404 (MCU, micro control unit) ), used to control each structure.

其中，上述感測器410檢測受電弓330的狀態，上述感測器410包括：加速度感測器，用於檢測受電弓330的衝擊；全球定位系統(GPS)感測器，用於掌握鐵路車輛的地理位置；紅外線圖像感測器及閃存模組，用於拍攝衝擊發生時的圖像；以及陀螺感測器，與受電弓330的集電靴相連接來獲取資訊等，上述感測器410從上述電源部600接收電源並進行工作。 The aforementioned sensor 410 detects the state of the pantograph 330, and the aforementioned sensor 410 includes: an acceleration sensor for detecting the impact of the pantograph 330; a global positioning system (GPS) sensor for grasping the railway vehicle The geographical location of the; infrared image sensor and flash memory module, used to capture the image when the impact occurs; and the gyro sensor, which is connected to the collector shoe of the pantograph 330 to obtain information, etc., the above-mentioned sensor 410 receives power from the above-mentioned power supply unit 600 and operates.

此時，上述感測器410由如上所述的多個裝置構成，如圖1所示，用於檢測衝擊的加速度感測器及陀螺感測器可設置於集電板332的下部，而全球定位系統感測器或圖像感測器等設置於箱體的內部，並根據各個裝置的特性設置於適當的位置。 At this time, the sensor 410 is composed of a plurality of devices as described above. As shown in FIG. 1, the acceleration sensor and the gyro sensor for detecting impact can be arranged in the lower part of the collector plate 332. The positioning system sensor or the image sensor is arranged inside the box, and is arranged in an appropriate position according to the characteristics of each device.

而且，在本發明中，上述收集部500通過形成於從架線340接收電力的受電弓330周圍的磁場或電場收集電能，來通過電源部600向檢測部400供電，不需額外的電池，從而可以節減維 護成本，還可以預防工作人員為更換放完電的電池而進行手工作業而發生的安全事故。 Moreover, in the present invention, the collecting part 500 collects electric energy through the magnetic field or electric field formed around the pantograph 330 that receives electric power from the overhead line 340, and supplies power to the detecting part 400 through the power supply part 600, without the need for an additional battery. Dimension reduction It can also prevent safety accidents caused by manual work performed by workers to replace discharged batteries.

而且，上述收集部500可由從形成於受電弓330周圍的磁場收集電能的磁場收集器100或從形成於受電弓330周圍的電場收集電能的電場收集器510中的一種形成，或者由兩種形成。 Moreover, the above-mentioned collecting part 500 may be formed of one of a magnetic field collector 100 that collects electric energy from a magnetic field formed around the pantograph 330 or an electric field collector 510 that collects electric energy from an electric field formed around the pantograph 330, or two .

其中，如圖1所示，上述磁場收集器100設置於匯流條L，上述匯流條L將通過受電弓330的集電板332收集的電流彙集後向鐵路車輛的主斷路器及主變壓器傳輸，如圖4所示，上述磁場收集器100包括：芯110，位於匯流條L外側；以及線圈120，卷繞於上述芯110。 Wherein, as shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic field collector 100 is arranged on the bus bar L, and the bus bar L collects the current collected by the collector plate 332 of the pantograph 330 and transmits it to the main circuit breaker and main transformer of the railway vehicle. As shown in FIG. 4, the magnetic field collector 100 includes: a core 110 located outside the bus bar L; and a coil 120 wound around the core 110.

此時，上述磁場收集器100通過額外的夾具固定於匯流條L，當電流在上述匯流條L流動時，上述磁場收集器100收集形成於外側的磁能並向電源部600供給。 At this time, the magnetic field collector 100 is fixed to the bus bar L by an additional clamp. When the current flows through the bus bar L, the magnetic field collector 100 collects the magnetic energy formed on the outside and supplies it to the power supply unit 600.

另外，上述線圈120分別卷繞於芯110的上部和下部的一半，兩側部沒有線圈卷繞。 In addition, the above-mentioned coil 120 is respectively wound around the upper and lower half of the core 110, and there is no coil winding on both sides.

其中，如圖21所示，上述匯流條L的端部通過壓合圓形管來形成，左右比匯流條L的直徑大，因此當向匯流條L***磁場收集器100時，能夠使匯流條L的端部***未卷繞線圈120的部分，從而輕鬆地向匯流條L***磁場收集器100。 Among them, as shown in FIG. 21, the ends of the above-mentioned bus bar L are formed by pressing a circular tube, and the left and right sides are larger than the diameter of the bus bar L. Therefore, when the magnetic field collector 100 is inserted into the bus bar L, the bus bar can be made The end of L is inserted into the portion where the coil 120 is not wound, so that the magnetic field collector 100 is easily inserted into the bus bar L.

此時，僅在芯110的上部和下部卷繞上述線圈120的結構可以使芯110的內徑最小化，能夠縮短芯110的磁通路長度(magnetic path length)，在芯110的內部形成更強的磁場，從而更 有利於收集。 At this time, the structure of winding the above-mentioned coil 120 only on the upper and lower parts of the core 110 can minimize the inner diameter of the core 110, shorten the magnetic path length of the core 110, and form a stronger core 110. Magnetic field, thereby more Conducive to collection.

而且，上述電源部600對從上述收集部500接收的電力進行轉換並儲存，來向檢測部400供給，上述電源部600包括：整流器610，用於對從上述收集部500接收的電流進行整流；變換器630，將電壓轉換為與上述檢測部400相對應電壓；以及微控制單元660，用於控制各個結構。 Furthermore, the power supply unit 600 converts and stores the power received from the collection unit 500 to supply it to the detection unit 400. The power supply unit 600 includes a rectifier 610 for rectifying the current received from the collection unit 500; The device 630 converts the voltage into a voltage corresponding to the above-mentioned detection unit 400; and the micro-control unit 660 is used to control each structure.

此時，在上述磁場收集器100的情況下，與具有一定加壓的電場收集器510不同，因電流會根據鐵路車輛的負荷而具有流動性，所收集的能量會隨著時間的變化而有所變動，因此需要儲存剩餘能量並能夠在不足時進行供給的充電電池640。 At this time, in the case of the magnetic field collector 100 described above, unlike the electric field collector 510 with a certain pressure, the current will have fluidity according to the load of the railway vehicle, and the collected energy will change with time. Therefore, a rechargeable battery 640 that stores the remaining energy and can supply it when it is insufficient is required.

由此，與上述磁場收集器100相連接的電源部600除整流器610和變換器630之外，還包括用於儲存通過上述整流器610整流的電源的充電電池640以及用於控制上述充電電池640的充電的充電裝置650。 Therefore, in addition to the rectifier 610 and the inverter 630, the power supply unit 600 connected to the magnetic field collector 100 also includes a rechargeable battery 640 for storing the power rectified by the rectifier 610 and a control unit for controlling the rechargeable battery 640. Charging device 650 for charging.

並且，作為本發明的另一實施例，磁場收集器100還可設置超級電容器620，上述超級電容器620設置於上述充電電池640與整流器610之間來起到緩衝作用。 In addition, as another embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field collector 100 may further be provided with a super capacitor 620, and the super capacitor 620 is provided between the rechargeable battery 640 and the rectifier 610 to play a buffering role.

另外，上述電源部600還具有用於降低上述芯110的飽和度的芯穩定化電路670，如圖5所示，當磁場收集器100的芯處於飽和狀態時，根據滯後曲線形成很高的最大輸出電壓，因此需要保護電源部的電路並降低芯110的飽和度來維持穩定。 In addition, the power supply unit 600 also has a core stabilization circuit 670 for reducing the saturation of the core 110. As shown in FIG. 5, when the core of the magnetic field collector 100 is in a saturated state, a high maximum value is formed according to the hysteresis curve. The output voltage therefore needs to protect the circuit of the power supply unit and reduce the saturation of the core 110 to maintain stability.

但是，若使上述磁場收集器100的輸出端與電阻相連 接來使電流流動，則將降低芯110的飽和程度，電壓波形變為正弦波形，最大電壓降低。 However, if the output terminal of the magnetic field collector 100 is connected to a resistor Then, if the current flows, the saturation of the core 110 will be reduced, the voltage waveform will become a sinusoidal waveform, and the maximum voltage will decrease.

由此，如圖6所示，上述芯穩定化電路670包括：電阻672，與上述磁場收集器100的輸出部並聯；第一開關674，與上述電阻672串聯連接；以及第二開關676，與上述磁場收集器100的輸出部串聯連接。 Thus, as shown in FIG. 6, the core stabilization circuit 670 includes: a resistor 672, which is connected in parallel with the output part of the magnetic field collector 100; a first switch 674, which is connected in series with the resistor 672; and a second switch 676, and The output parts of the above-mentioned magnetic field collector 100 are connected in series.

而且，如圖4所示，在上述芯穩定化電路670中，當充電電池640處於充滿狀態或不充電狀態時，可以通過接通第一開關674和第二開關676來切斷從磁場收集器100供給的電力，當需要充電時，可以通過接通第一開關674並斷開第二開關676，來使磁場收集器100的輸出端與電源部600相連接。 Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, in the above-mentioned core stabilization circuit 670, when the rechargeable battery 640 is in a fully charged state or an uncharged state, the magnetic field collector can be cut off by turning on the first switch 674 and the second switch 676. When the power supplied by the magnetic field collector 100 needs to be charged, the output terminal of the magnetic field collector 100 can be connected to the power supply unit 600 by turning on the first switch 674 and turning off the second switch 676.

其中，與上述第一開關674相連接的電阻672為電源部600開始充電時用於穩定芯110的裝置，在第二開關676處於接通的狀態下，斷開第一開關674，使電流在短時間(0.1~0.5秒)內向電阻672流動，來起到降低芯110的磁束飽和度的作用。 Among them, the resistor 672 connected to the first switch 674 is a device for stabilizing the core 110 when the power supply unit 600 starts charging. When the second switch 676 is in the on state, the first switch 674 is turned off to make the current flow in In a short period of time (0.1 to 0.5 seconds), it flows toward the resistor 672 to reduce the saturation of the magnetic flux of the core 110.

此時，若上述芯110的飽和度降低，則斷開第二開關676來使磁場收集器100的輸出端與整流器610相連接，此後接通第一開關674，來消除向電阻672的不必要的耗電。 At this time, if the saturation of the core 110 decreases, the second switch 676 is turned off to connect the output terminal of the magnetic field collector 100 to the rectifier 610, and then the first switch 674 is turned on to eliminate the unnecessary connection to the resistor 672. Power consumption.

可通過下列表1說明如上所述的動作。 The actions described above can be explained in Table 1 below.

Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0010-1
Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0010-1

Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0011-2
Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0011-2

另外，對上述電源部600的電源進行充電的方式由使收集電力最大化的方法構成，由於上述磁場收集器100在芯110的飽和開始的時間點(電壓)收集最大電力，電源部600的微控制單元660檢測磁場收集器100的輸出電壓、電流來找出使電力最大化的充電電流，在此可以利用以往所提出的最大功率點跟蹤(MPPT，maximum power point tracking)控制方法。 In addition, the method of charging the power supply of the power supply unit 600 is constituted by a method of maximizing the collected power. Since the magnetic field collector 100 collects the maximum power at the time (voltage) when the saturation of the core 110 starts, the power supply unit 600 has The control unit 660 detects the output voltage and current of the magnetic field collector 100 to find the charging current that maximizes the power. Here, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method proposed in the past can be used.

此時，在上述磁場收集器100中，若確定芯110和線圈120的結構性設計，則能夠確定使芯110飽和的輸出電壓，因此，還可將磁場收集器100的輸出電壓維持在規定範圍內的電壓調節(Voltage Regulation)控制方式作為備選來使用。 At this time, in the magnetic field collector 100 described above, if the structural design of the core 110 and the coil 120 is determined, the output voltage that saturates the core 110 can be determined. Therefore, the output voltage of the magnetic field collector 100 can also be maintained within a predetermined range. The internal voltage regulation (Voltage Regulation) control method is used as an alternative.

但是，由於最佳電壓值根據所使用的磁場收集器100的容量及結構(芯110的截面積、圈數)而變化，僅可在已知最佳電壓值的情況下使用上述方式。 However, since the optimal voltage value varies according to the capacity and structure of the magnetic field collector 100 used (the cross-sectional area of the core 110, the number of turns), the above method can only be used when the optimal voltage value is known.

而且，如圖7所示，在本發明的另一實施例中，上述磁場收集器100包括：芯110，位於匯流條外側L；線圈120，卷繞 於上述芯110；多抽頭130(multiple tap)，具有根據控制器140的控制進行開關切換動作的多個選擇開關SW，來選擇按照區間與上述線圈120相連接的多個抽頭131中的一個；以及電容器150，與上述線圈120的兩端並聯連接，用於補償線圈120的磁化電感。 Moreover, as shown in FIG. 7, in another embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned magnetic field collector 100 includes: a core 110 located on the outer side L of the bus bar; a coil 120 wound In the above-mentioned core 110; a multiple tap 130 (multiple tap), with a plurality of selection switches SW that perform switching operations according to the control of the controller 140, to select one of the plurality of taps 131 connected to the coil 120 according to the interval; And a capacitor 150 is connected in parallel with both ends of the coil 120 to compensate the magnetizing inductance of the coil 120.

此時，多抽頭130的選擇開關SW可以根據上述控制器140的開關信號來處於接通/斷開狀態，由此調節線圈120的匝數比。 At this time, the selection switch SW of the multi-tap 130 may be in an on/off state according to the switching signal of the above-mentioned controller 140, thereby adjusting the turns ratio of the coil 120.

其中，上述多抽頭130由與上述多個抽頭131單獨連接的多個選擇開關SW構成，當特定選擇開關(例如，SW2)根據控制器140的開關信號處於接通狀態時，其他選擇開關(例如，SW1、SW3)則處於斷開狀態，根據特定選擇開關(例如，SW2)的連接向電源部600供給的電力，上述電源部600向作為負荷的檢測部400供給電力。 Wherein, the multi-tap 130 is composed of a plurality of selection switches SW separately connected to the plurality of taps 131. When a specific selection switch (e.g., SW2) is in the on state according to the switching signal of the controller 140, other selection switches (e.g., , SW1, SW3) are in an off state, and the power supply unit 600 supplies power to the detection unit 400 as a load according to the power supplied to the power supply unit 600 according to the connection of a specific selection switch (for example, SW2).

更具體地，本發明具有使多抽頭130與控制器140相連接的結構，用於對使用芯110和線圈120的結構的線圈匝數比進行調整。 More specifically, the present invention has a structure in which the multi-tap 130 is connected to the controller 140 for adjusting the coil turns ratio of the structure using the core 110 and the coil 120.

並且，本發明還線上圈120的兩端設置了用於補償線圈120的磁化電感的電容器150，來傳遞最大電力。 Moreover, in the present invention, a capacitor 150 for compensating the magnetizing inductance of the coil 120 is provided at both ends of the coil 120 to transmit the maximum power.

即，在以往如圖16及圖17所示，包圍電力線1的磁性體芯2卷繞線圈3，由此，向與負荷相連接的電力變換裝置4供給電力。 That is, conventionally, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the coil 3 is wound around the magnetic core 2 surrounding the power line 1, thereby supplying electric power to the power conversion device 4 connected to the load.

另外，在這樣的現有磁場結合器的設計方法中，為 了獲取所要的電流和電力，設置電流比，且為了使所設計的最大磁束密度不超過所選的芯2的飽和磁束，通過下列式1來設置芯2的面積、氣隙等。 In addition, in the design method of such an existing magnetic field combiner, In order to obtain the desired current and power, set the current ratio, and in order to make the designed maximum magnetic flux density not exceed the saturation magnetic flux of the selected core 2, the area and air gap of the core 2 are set by the following formula 1.

Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0013-3
Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0013-3

此時，Lm為磁化電感，Im為流向磁化電感的電流，AC為芯的截面積。 In this case, L m is the magnetizing inductance, I m is the current flowing magnetizing inductance, A C is a cross-sectional area of the core.

由此，在設計磁場結合器時，以能夠從一次側流入的最大輸入電流Iin為基準，以最大磁束密度Bmax不超過芯2的飽和磁束的方式設置芯2的面積和磁化電感Lm。 Therefore, when designing the magnetic field combiner, the area of the core 2 and the magnetizing inductance L m are set so that the maximum magnetic flux density B max does not exceed the saturation magnetic flux of the core 2 based on the maximum input current I in that can flow from the primary side. .

如圖2所示，在這樣的現有磁場結合器中，通過等效電路計算的向負荷RL傳遞的電力PL如下。 2, the magnetic field in such a conventional binding device, the transfer to the load R L by calculating an equivalent circuit of the power P L as follows.

Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0013-4
Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0013-4

但是，在本發明中，如上所述，若通過設置電容器150來在上述式2中利用電容器150補償，則磁化電感Lm項被去除，從而可以傳遞更高的電力。 However, in the present invention, as described above, if the capacitor 150 is provided for compensation in the above equation 2 by providing the capacitor 150, the term of the magnetizing inductance L m is removed, and higher power can be transmitted.

如上所述的本發明可在控制器140利用多個開關SW，來設置所要的抽頭131，使得作結合器100主動進行工作。 As described above, the present invention can use a plurality of switches SW in the controller 140 to set the desired tap 131 so that the combiner 100 can actively work.

另外，在本發明中，如圖8的等效電路模型，可將二次側線圈120分為兩個子線圈，隨著控制器140控制選擇開關SW來使抽頭131選擇性的連接，使二次側線圈120的匝數N1值會有所不 同。這種結構為分為兩個的二次側線圈120的特徵，若單看二次側線圈120的話，則與將一個線圈分開使用的自耦變壓器(autotransformer)類似。實際上也是如此，如在自耦變壓器，流向二次側的電流再進行一次變壓(變流)，來向負荷傳遞。對此的簡化等效電路模型如圖9所示。 In addition, in the present invention, as shown in the equivalent circuit model of FIG. 8, the secondary side coil 120 can be divided into two sub-coils. As the controller 140 controls the selector switch SW to selectively connect the taps 131, The value of the number of turns N 1 of the secondary coil 120 will be different. This structure is a feature of the secondary side coil 120 divided into two. If we look at the secondary side coil 120 alone, it is similar to an autotransformer in which one coil is used separately. In fact, the same is true. For example, in an autotransformer, the current flowing to the secondary side undergoes a transformation (transformation) to transmit to the load. The simplified equivalent circuit model for this is shown in Figure 9.

其中，圖8中的電容器150(=1/(ω2×Lm×N2)，適用共振條件)補償在二次側示出的磁化電感Lm值，來可以等效的消除LC，流向二次側的電流以對於二次側的所有線圈120的匝數N的比例變換。然後，二次側被分割的子線圈分別進行變壓器的工作，並以如圖9的方式表達。 Among them, the capacitor 150 in FIG. 8 (=1/(ω 2 ×L m ×N 2 ), resonance conditions are applied) compensate the magnetizing inductance L m value shown on the secondary side to effectively eliminate LC, and the flow direction The current on the secondary side is converted in proportion to the number of turns N of all the coils 120 on the secondary side. Then, the divided sub-coils on the secondary side respectively perform the work of the transformer, which is expressed in the manner shown in FIG. 9.

而且，圖10為用於與本發明有關的電力模擬的電路結構，當通過其進行模擬時，對現有結構、所提出的結構及所提出的結構的簡化模型進行比較。向變壓器專案內部輸入所提出的結構中的磁化電感Lm。 Moreover, FIG. 10 is a circuit structure used for power simulation related to the present invention. When the simulation is performed through it, the existing structure, the proposed structure, and the simplified model of the proposed structure are compared. Input the magnetizing inductance L m in the proposed structure into the transformer project.

這樣的模擬結果如圖11至圖14所示。此時，N為二次側的線圈120的全部匝數，N1為隨著控制器140控制選擇開關SW來選擇抽頭131時改變的二次側的線圈120的匝數。 The simulation results are shown in Figs. 11-14. In this case, N is a whole number of turns of the secondary side coil 120, with the number of turns N 1 when the controller 140 controls the selecting switch SW to select the tap 131 to vary the secondary side coil 120.

其中，圖11為“N=100”、“N1=30”時的模擬曲線圖，紅線表示現有結構，藍線表示本發明所提出的結構，綠線表示簡化結構波形。同時，(a)部分為負荷電壓的曲線圖，(b)部分為負荷電力的曲線圖。在同等條件下，圖12為“N=100”、“N1=50”時的模擬曲線圖，圖13為“N=100”、“N1=70”時的 模擬曲線圖，圖14為“N=100”、“N1=99”時的模擬曲線圖。 Wherein, Fig. 11 is a simulation curve diagram when "N=100" and "N 1 =30", the red line represents the existing structure, the blue line represents the structure proposed by the present invention, and the green line represents the simplified structure waveform. At the same time, part (a) is a graph of load voltage, and part (b) is a graph of load power. Under the same conditions, Figure 12 is the simulation curve diagram when "N=100" and "N 1 =50", Figure 13 is the simulation curve diagram when "N=100" and "N 1 =70", and Figure 14 is Simulation curve graph when "N=100" and "N 1 =99".

根據模擬結果，可知，從本發明所提出的結構向負荷傳遞的電力比現有結構高出很多。同時，本發明所提出的結構與簡化的等效結構雖在經過一段時間後的穩定狀態(steady-state)下表現出同樣的特性，但起初示出不同的形態。其原因為實際結構中具有電容器和電感而存有時間常數，因此需要經過一定時間來達到穩定狀態。 According to the simulation results, it can be seen that the power transferred from the structure proposed by the present invention to the load is much higher than that of the existing structure. At the same time, although the structure proposed by the present invention and the simplified equivalent structure exhibit the same characteristics in a steady-state after a period of time, they initially show different forms. The reason is that there are capacitors and inductances in the actual structure and there are time constants, so it takes a certain time to reach a stable state.

此時，若通過控制器140的選擇開關SW的選擇性接通/斷開控制來選擇抽頭131並調節二次側線圈120的匝數N1值，則具有匝數N1值越小，所收集的電力越高的特性。這是因為在圖9中一次側的電流以N/N1的比來向二次側傳遞，二次側線圈120的匝數N1值越小，所傳遞的電流越大。即，本發明的結構以從在匯流條L流動的主電流中接收一部分來增幅至所需的原理來進行工作。在此過程中，可向二次側傳遞更多的電力。由此，即使匯流條L的電流小，也可以通過調整二次側線圈匝數N1來獲取大的電力。 In this case, if the tap 131 to select ON / OFF switch SW is controlled by selecting and adjusting the controller 140 selectively turns N 1 value of the secondary side coil 120, the smaller the value of having a number of turns N 1, the The higher the power collected. This is because the primary side current is transmitted to the secondary side at a ratio of N/N 1 in FIG. 9, and the smaller the value of the number of turns N 1 of the secondary side coil 120 is, the larger the transmitted current is. That is, the structure of the present invention operates on the principle of receiving a part of the main current flowing through the bus bar L and increasing the amplitude to the required level. In this process, more power can be delivered to the secondary side. Thus, even if the current of the bus bar L is small, it is possible to obtain large power by adjusting the number of turns N 1 of the secondary side coil.

而且，如圖15，可更簡單地示出圖9的等效電路。向電力變換裝置及負荷RL傳遞從匯流條L的輸入電流除以二次側線圈120的匝數N1來獲取的電流。若考慮上述等效模型，則可以在具有抽頭131的現有變壓器中調節二次側線圈120的匝數N1來達成上述形態，但實際上使用現有方法很難獲取如圖15所示的理想形態。其理由為，例如，即使再連接圖2所示的用於補償磁化電感Lm的電容器，若變換線圈的匝數N的值，則磁化電感Lm的值也隨之變 化，為了消除值已變更的磁化電感Lm，還需變更電容器。 Moreover, as shown in FIG. 15, the equivalent circuit of FIG. 9 can be shown more simply. Divided by the number of turns of the secondary side coil L from the input to the current bus bar and the power conversion apparatus 120 is transmitted to the load R L N 1 to obtain the current. If the above equivalent model is considered, it is possible to adjust the number of turns N 1 of the secondary side coil 120 in an existing transformer with a tap 131 to achieve the above form, but it is actually difficult to obtain the ideal form as shown in FIG. 15 using the existing method. . The reason is that, for example, even if the capacitor for compensating the magnetizing inductance L m shown in FIG. 2 is connected, if the value of the number of turns N of the coil is changed, the value of the magnetizing inductance L m also changes. To change the magnetizing inductance L m , it is also necessary to change the capacitor.

由此，如圖7所示，即使在現有的普通磁性體結合器還設置控制器140、選擇開關SW，依然存在須在各個選擇開關SW追加設置相對應的電容器150的複雜性。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, even if the controller 140 and the selection switch SW are also provided in the existing ordinary magnetic coupling, there is still the complexity of adding a corresponding capacitor 150 to each selection switch SW.

相反地，在本發明提出的方式中，可以通過一個電容器150來補償全部線圈的磁化電感Lm，即使二次側線圈120的匝數N1值發生變化，也可具有如圖15的理想的形態的結構。 On the contrary, in the method proposed by the present invention, the magnetizing inductance L m of all the coils can be compensated by one capacitor 150. Even if the value of the number of turns N 1 of the secondary side coil 120 changes, it can have an ideal value as shown in FIG. 15 Morphological structure.

並且，在現有技術中，若在匯流條的主電流低的情況下減少二次側線圈120的匝數N1，則在實際線圈中，電流僅在所選擇的線圈匝流動，這是因為物理性地弱化與匯流條結合期間的磁場結合，增加了漏電感，具有大大減小電力的傳遞效率的可能性，因弱磁化電感需要很大的補償電容，所以系統變得複雜且難以體現，與此相反，在本發明中，即使因匯流條L的主電流低而將二次側線圈120的匝數N1的值調低，電流也會在所有二次側線圈120流動，來以1：N的比例來變換，通過二次側分離的線圈而再變換為高電流，因此沒有問題。 In addition, in the prior art, if the number of turns N 1 of the secondary side coil 120 is reduced when the main current of the bus bar is low, in the actual coil, the current flows only in the selected coil turns. This is due to the physical It weakens the magnetic field during the combination with the bus bar, increases the leakage inductance, and has the possibility of greatly reducing the power transmission efficiency. Because the weakening of the magnetization inductance requires a large compensation capacitor, the system becomes complicated and difficult to implement. On the contrary, in the present invention, even if the value of the number of turns N 1 of the secondary side coil 120 is lowered due to the low main current of the bus bar L, the current will flow in all the secondary side coils 120 to 1: The ratio of N is converted, and it is converted to a high current through a coil separated on the secondary side, so there is no problem.

同時，參照圖7，本發明的控制器140監測向負荷170傳遞的電力，當電力不足時，將二次側線圈120的匝數N1調低，當電力高時，將二次側線圈120的匝數N1調高，即使匯流條L的電流發生變化，也可以主動控制來穩定地供給電力。 At the same time, referring to FIG. 7, the controller 140 of the present invention monitors the power delivered to the load 170. When the power is insufficient, the number of turns N 1 of the secondary coil 120 is adjusted to be low, and when the power is high, the secondary coil 120 is turned down. If the number of turns N 1 of the bus bar L is increased, even if the current of the bus bar L changes, it can be actively controlled to supply power stably.

即，由於鐵路車輛的一次側電流的變動幅度非常大，上述實施例在無法預測一次側電流量時，可以通過即時調節 線圈的匝數比來調節從收集部500輸出的電壓大小。 That is, because the amplitude of the primary side current of the railway vehicle is very large, the above-mentioned embodiment can be adjusted in real time when the primary side current cannot be predicted. The winding ratio of the coil is used to adjust the voltage output from the collecting unit 500.

例如，在低的一次側電流級中，收集部500的電壓太低而使用於充電的電源部600的電路無法正常地進行工作，因此，在此情況下，可以通過調高線圈的匝數來可在低的一次電流獲取高的輸出電壓，相反地，當一次電流大時，可以通過調節匝數比來降低輸出電壓，以便獲取適當的輸出電壓。 For example, in the low primary side current level, the voltage of the collecting part 500 is too low and the circuit of the power supply part 600 used for charging cannot work normally. Therefore, in this case, the number of turns of the coil can be increased. A high output voltage can be obtained at a low primary current. Conversely, when the primary current is large, the output voltage can be reduced by adjusting the turns ratio in order to obtain an appropriate output voltage.

並且，在不進行充電的充電斷開情況下，可以通過調低輸出電壓來保護電路。 And, in the case of charging disconnection without charging, the circuit can be protected by lowering the output voltage.

而且，如圖3所示，上述電場收集器510通過形成於受電弓330的電場來收集電能，上述電場收集器510通過在上述受電弓330的集電板320與鐵路車輛的車頂310之間設置板形態的導體部來形成。 Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the electric field collector 510 collects electric energy through the electric field formed in the pantograph 330, and the electric field collector 510 passes between the collector plate 320 of the pantograph 330 and the roof 310 of the railway vehicle. It is formed by providing a conductor part in the form of a board.

即，上述電場收集器510利用了受電弓330及架線340與車輛車頂310之間具有的高電位差。 That is, the electric field collector 510 uses the high potential difference between the pantograph 330 and the overhead wire 340 and the roof 310 of the vehicle.

例如，可以考慮與受電弓330及鐵路車輛的車頂310電分離的追加導體(導體部)，該導體與受電弓330(高壓部)越近電位越高，與受電弓330越遠點位越低。 For example, consider an additional conductor (conductor part) electrically separated from the pantograph 330 and the roof 310 of a railway vehicle. The closer the conductor is to the pantograph 330 (high voltage part), the higher the potential, and the farther the pantograph 330 is, the more the point is. low.

其中，由於受電弓330與鐵路車輛的車頂310的間距(約40cm以下)窄，根據距離的電位變化量，即電場非常強，因此，即使導體與受電弓330之間僅有些微距離，也能夠與受電弓330發生很大的電位差，使得導體可以輕易蓄積電能。 Among them, because the distance between the pantograph 330 and the roof 310 of the railway vehicle is narrow (approximately 40 cm or less), the potential change according to the distance, that is, the electric field is very strong. Therefore, even if there is only a slight distance between the conductor and the pantograph 330, It can generate a large potential difference with the pantograph 330, so that the conductor can easily accumulate electric energy.

此時，如上所述，上述電場收集器510包括：導體部 (未圖示)，呈板形狀，通過電場的作用於生成電，上述電場通過在受電弓330流動的電流生成於受電弓330的周圍；以及變壓器(未圖示)，用於調節上述導體部的電壓比。 At this time, as described above, the electric field collector 510 includes: a conductor part (Not shown), it is in the shape of a plate and generates electricity through the action of an electric field. The electric field is generated around the pantograph 330 by a current flowing in the pantograph 330; and a transformer (not shown) for adjusting the conductor portion The voltage ratio.

由此，上述收集部500即使不使用額外的電源，也可以通過在受電弓330周圍生成的磁場來生成電並向檢測部400供電。 Thus, the collection unit 500 can generate electricity by the magnetic field generated around the pantograph 330 and supply power to the detection unit 400 even without using an additional power source.

另外，對通過上述電場收集器510來收集電力的方式進行說明，如圖18所示，可以利用形成於電場能量的電容進行等效化來說明，若在設置於鐵路車輛上部的電場收集器510具有板形狀的導體部(導體板)，則除現有的電容C1-1、C1-2之外，還會生成C2-1、C2-2、C3。 In addition, the method of collecting electric power by the above-mentioned electric field collector 510 will be described. As shown in FIG. 18, the capacitance formed in the electric field energy can be used for equivalent explanation. A conductor part (conductor plate) having a plate shape will generate C2-1, C2-2, and C3 in addition to the existing capacitors C1-1 and C1-2.

其中，C1-1為位於電車線與車輛的車頂之間的電容，C1-2為位於受電弓330與鐵路車輛的車頂410之間的電容器，C2-1為板形狀的導體部(導體板)與受電弓330之間的電容，C2-2為架線340與板形狀的導體部(導體板)之間的電容，C3為板形狀的導體部(導體板)與車輛的車頂310之間的電容。 Among them, C1-1 is the capacitor located between the tram line and the roof of the vehicle, C1-2 is the capacitor located between the pantograph 330 and the roof 410 of the railway vehicle, and C2-1 is the plate-shaped conductor part (conductor The capacitance between the plate) and the pantograph 330, C2-2 is the capacitance between the overhead line 340 and the plate-shaped conductor (conductor plate), and C3 is the plate-shaped conductor (conductor plate) and the roof 310 of the vehicle Between the capacitance.

若利用等效電路表達其，則如圖19所示的電路，VS為架線340的電壓，通常，向交流架線施加電壓為25kVrms，並聯連接的C1-1、C1-2與C2-1、C2-2可以分別利用一個電容器來表達，並以C1、C2示出，若以電路表達電源部600和接收電源的負荷CL、RL，則如圖20。 If expressed by the equivalent circuit, the circuit shown in Figure 19, V S is the voltage of the overhead line 340, usually, the voltage applied to the AC overhead line is 25kVrms, and C1-1, C1-2 and C2-1, connected in parallel C2-2 can be expressed by a capacitor, and shown as C1 and C2. If the power supply unit 600 and the loads C L and R L of the receiving power supply are expressed in a circuit, it is shown in Fig. 20.

其中，電源部600所包括的變壓器TF起到將在板形狀 的導體部(導體板)收集的電能的電壓降至所需水準的作用，電源部600所包括的整流器可將變壓器輸出的電流變換為直流，上述變壓器可位於電源部600，也可如上所述的位於構成收集部500的電場收集器510。 Among them, the transformer TF included in the power supply unit 600 plays a role in the board shape The voltage of the electric energy collected by the conductor part (conductor plate) is reduced to the required level. The rectifier included in the power supply part 600 can convert the current output by the transformer into direct current. The above-mentioned transformer can be located in the power supply part 600 or as described above的 is located in the electric field collector 510 constituting the collector 500.

另外，根據向變壓器施加多大的電壓/電流來確定通過導體板收集的電力量，首先，25kV的電壓通過C2、變壓器的並列電阻和C3來分配。若將考慮變壓器一次側、二次側的等效電阻稱為ZTF，則成立如下關係式。 In addition, the amount of power collected through the conductor plate is determined according to how much voltage/current is applied to the transformer. First, the 25kV voltage is distributed through C2, the parallel resistance of the transformer, and C3. If the equivalent resistance of the primary and secondary sides of the transformer is considered as Z TF , the following relational expression is established.

Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0019-5
Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0019-5

Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0019-6
Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0019-6

VTF為分配給變壓器的電壓，可知其隨C3變大而變高。並且，在電流中，先從VS出來的電流IS分配於I1和I3，I3通過C1的電阻和與a虛線的左側相對應的等效電阻來確定。 V TF is the voltage allocated to the transformer, and it can be seen that it becomes higher as C3 becomes larger. Further, in the current, start out V S I S partitioned current I1 and I3, I3 is determined by a resistor and a left side of the broken line corresponding to the equivalent resistance of C1.

此時，C3與C2、變壓器串聯連接，若C3的電阻值

Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0019-7
高，則不能與變壓器的電阻無關地使高電流流動。因此，C3的電阻值應低，此時C3的值應高。 At this time, C3 and C2 are connected in series with the transformer, if the resistance value of C3
Figure 108146279-A0101-12-0019-7
If high, high current cannot flow regardless of the resistance of the transformer. Therefore, the resistance value of C3 should be low, and the value of C3 should be high at this time.

最終，在變壓器流動的電流ITF應減去從I3向I2流動的電流，當C2的值非常小時，電阻變大，使得大部分電流流向ITF。 如在圖8中可確認，導體板和受電弓330並非處於水準配置並相向的形態，因此，與C2相對應的的電容不會很大。 Finally, the current I TF flowing in the transformer should be subtracted from the current flowing from I3 to I2. When the value of C2 is very small, the resistance becomes larger, making most of the current flow to I TF . As can be confirmed in FIG. 8, the conductor plate and the pantograph 330 are not in a horizontal configuration and facing each other. Therefore, the capacitance corresponding to C2 is not very large.

由此，傳送到變壓器的電力會隨著C3的值的變大而變高。C3為導體板與車輛的車頂之間的電容，為了獲取大的C3的值，可以將導體板的面積變大或採用能夠提高電容的結構。 As a result, the power transmitted to the transformer will increase as the value of C3 increases. C3 is the capacitance between the conductor plate and the roof of the vehicle. In order to obtain a large value of C3, the area of the conductor plate can be increased or a structure capable of increasing the capacitance can be adopted.

另外，作為本發明的其他實施例，雖未在附圖中示出，上述電源部600配置於鐵路車輛上部，暴露於外部，因此，在寒冷的冬季，其整體溫度會降低，構成電源部600的充電電池640在溫度降低時，其性能降低，因此，還可以在充電電池640設置發熱片(未圖示)，當外部溫度降低至設定溫度以下時，上述發熱片進行工作來使充電電池640的溫度保持在一定溫度以上，從而保持上述充電電池的性能。 In addition, as another embodiment of the present invention, although not shown in the drawings, the above-mentioned power supply unit 600 is disposed on the upper part of the railway vehicle and is exposed to the outside. Therefore, in the cold winter, its overall temperature is lowered, constituting the power supply unit 600 When the temperature drops, the performance of the rechargeable battery 640 decreases. Therefore, a heating sheet (not shown) can also be provided on the rechargeable battery 640. When the external temperature drops below the set temperature, the heating sheet works to make the rechargeable battery 640 The temperature is kept above a certain temperature, so as to maintain the performance of the above-mentioned rechargeable battery.

以上對本發明優選的實施例進行了說明，本發明的權利保護範圍並不局限於此，實質上與本發明的實施例等同範圍內的也屬於本發明的權利範圍內，本發明技術領域的普通技術人員可在不脫離本發明思想的範圍內實施多種變形。 The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Anything substantially equivalent to the embodiments of the present invention also belongs to the scope of the rights of the present invention. The skilled person can implement various modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.

產業上的可利用性 Industrial availability

本發明涉及一種受電弓檢測裝置，更具體地，涉及如下的受電弓檢測裝置：通過向受電弓供給的電流而生成的磁場及電場來收集電，來在充電電池儲存電源，將其用作用於檢測受電弓的檢測部的電源，不僅可以節減維護費用，還可以防止在更換放完電的電池時發生安全事故。 The present invention relates to a pantograph detection device, and more specifically, to a pantograph detection device that collects electricity by the magnetic field and electric field generated by the current supplied to the pantograph, stores power in a rechargeable battery, and uses it as a Detecting the power supply of the pantograph's detection part can not only save maintenance costs, but also prevent safety accidents when replacing discharged batteries.

Claims (9)

一種受電弓檢測裝置，其中， A pantograph detection device, in which, 包括： include: 檢測部，設置於鐵路車輛的受電弓，用於檢測上述受電弓的狀態； The detection unit is set on the pantograph of the railway vehicle, and is used to detect the state of the above-mentioned pantograph; 電源部，用於向上述檢測部供電；以及 The power supply unit is used to supply power to the detection unit; and 收集部，位於上述受電弓，從上述受電弓收集電能並向上述電源部供給。 The collecting part is located in the pantograph and collects electric energy from the pantograph and supplies it to the power supply part. 如請求項1之受電弓檢測裝置，其中， Such as the pantograph detection device of claim 1, in which, 上述收集部由在受電弓的匯流條設置的磁場收集器構成， The above-mentioned collecting part is composed of a magnetic field collector provided on the bus bar of the pantograph, 上述磁場收集器包括： The above-mentioned magnetic field collector includes: 芯，位於匯流條外側；以及 Core, located on the outside of the bus bar; and 線圈，卷繞於上述芯。 The coil is wound around the above-mentioned core. 如請求項2之受電弓檢測裝置，其中，上述線圈分別纏繞於芯的上部和下部的一半。 Such as the pantograph detection device of claim 2, wherein the above-mentioned coils are respectively wound around the upper and lower half of the core. 如請求項2之受電弓檢測裝置，其中， Such as the pantograph detection device of claim 2, in which, 上述電源部還包括用於降低上述芯的飽和度的芯穩定化電路，上述芯穩定化電路包括： The power supply unit further includes a core stabilization circuit for reducing the saturation of the core, and the core stabilization circuit includes: 電阻，與上述磁場收集器的輸出部並聯； Resistance, connected in parallel with the output part of the magnetic field collector; 第一開關，與上述電阻串聯連接；以及 The first switch is connected in series with the above-mentioned resistor; and 第二開關，與上述磁場收集器的輸出部串聯連接。 The second switch is connected in series with the output part of the magnetic field collector. 如請求項2之受電弓檢測裝置，其中， Such as the pantograph detection device of claim 2, in which, 上述磁場收集器還包括： The above-mentioned magnetic field collector also includes: 多抽頭，按照區間與上述線圈相連接，通過控制器來調節上述線圈的匝數比；以及 Multi-tap, connected to the above-mentioned coil according to the interval, and the turns ratio of the above-mentioned coil is adjusted by the controller; and 電容器，與上述線圈的兩端並聯連接，用於補償線圈的磁化電感。 The capacitor is connected in parallel with the two ends of the coil to compensate the magnetizing inductance of the coil. 如請求項5之受電弓檢測裝置，其中，上述多抽頭具有根據控制器的控制進行開關切換動作的多個選擇開關，來選擇按照區間與上述線圈相連接的多個抽頭中的一個。 The pantograph detection device of claim 5, wherein the multi-tap has a plurality of selection switches that perform switching operations according to the control of the controller to select one of the plurality of taps connected to the coil in accordance with the interval. 如請求項1之受電弓檢測裝置，其中， Such as the pantograph detection device of claim 1, in which, 上述收集部由利用形成於上述受電弓的電場的電場收集器形成， The collecting part is formed by an electric field collector using the electric field formed in the pantograph, 上述電場收集器通過在上述受電弓的集電板與鐵路車輛的車頂之間設置板形態的導體部來形成。 The electric field collector is formed by providing a plate-shaped conductor part between the current collector plate of the pantograph and the roof of the railway vehicle. 如請求項1之受電弓檢測裝置，其中， Such as the pantograph detection device of claim 1, in which, 上述電源部包括： The above-mentioned power supply unit includes: 整流器，用於對在上述收集部生成的電進行整流；以及 A rectifier for rectifying the electricity generated in the above-mentioned collecting part; and 變換器，將通過上述整流器整流的電變換為與檢測部相對應的電壓。 The converter converts the electricity rectified by the rectifier into a voltage corresponding to the detection unit. 如請求項8之受電弓檢測裝置，其中，上述電源部還包括用於儲存通過整流器整流的電源的充電電池。 The pantograph detection device of claim 8, wherein the power supply unit further includes a rechargeable battery for storing the power rectified by the rectifier.
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