TW202025652A - Millimeter wave channel estimation method - Google Patents
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本發明係關於一種通道估測方法,特別係關於毫米波通道估測方法。The present invention relates to a channel estimation method, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave channel estimation method.
隨著無線通訊技術的發展,為了因應更高速且更大頻寬的需求,確立了第五代行動通訊標準。然而現今頻譜中的中低頻段已多被其他無線通訊技術所使用,因此高頻段的毫米波應用成為未來無線通訊技術的重點。With the development of wireless communication technology, the fifth-generation mobile communication standard has been established in order to meet the needs of higher speed and greater bandwidth. However, the middle and low frequency bands in the current frequency spectrum have been mostly used by other wireless communication technologies. Therefore, the application of millimeter wave in the high frequency band has become the focus of future wireless communication technologies.
目前毫米波通道估測係利用竭盡搜尋法(Exhaustive Search)來實行。竭盡搜尋法的執行方式為針對每一個解析角度發射波束並由接收端接收波束並產生量測資料,加以運算以估測通道。然而,隨著對解析度的要求不斷提高,此方法的量測次數及運算量亦大幅增加,造成大量的時間資源的耗費。Currently, the millimeter wave channel estimation system is implemented by exhaustive search. The execution method of the exhaustive search method is to transmit beams for each analytical angle and receive the beams from the receiving end to generate measurement data, which are calculated to estimate the channel. However, as the requirements for resolution continue to increase, the number of measurements and the amount of calculations of this method have also increased significantly, resulting in a lot of time and resource consumption.
鑒於上述,本發明提供一種毫米波通道估測方法。In view of the above, the present invention provides a millimeter wave channel estimation method.
依據本發明一實施例的毫米波通道估測方法,包含依據第一波束成形矩陣經由毫米波通道發送訊號,對毫米波通道執行通道量測以產生第一量測矩陣,以及依據第一量測矩陣與角度壓縮感知矩陣,估測以取得毫米波通道的至少一傳送訊號角度(angle of departure,AOD)。其中,第一波束成形矩陣包含多個第一波束成形向量,所述多個第一波束成形向量分別對應於多個第一波束成形模式,且第一量測矩陣包含分別對應於所述多個第一波束成形向量的多個第一量測參數A millimeter wave channel estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes sending a signal through a millimeter wave channel according to a first beamforming matrix, performing channel measurement on the millimeter wave channel to generate a first measurement matrix, and according to the first measurement The matrix and the angle compressed sensing matrix are estimated to obtain at least one transmission signal angle (angle of departure, AOD) of the millimeter wave channel. Wherein, the first beamforming matrix includes a plurality of first beamforming vectors, the plurality of first beamforming vectors respectively correspond to a plurality of first beamforming modes, and the first measurement matrix includes a plurality of first beamforming vectors respectively corresponding to the plurality of Multiple first measurement parameters of the first beamforming vector
依據本發明另一實施例的毫米波通道估測方法,包含依據第一波束成形矩陣,經由毫米波通道接收訊號以產生第一量測矩陣,以及依據第一量測矩陣與角度壓縮感知矩陣,估測以取得毫米波通道的至少一接收訊號角度(angle of arrival,AOA)。其中,第一波束成形矩陣包含多個第一波束成形向量,所述多個第一波束成形向量分別對應於多個第一波束成形模式,且第一量測矩陣包含分別對應於所述多個第一波束成形向量的多個第一量測參數。A millimeter wave channel estimation method according to another embodiment of the present invention includes receiving signals through the millimeter wave channel according to the first beamforming matrix to generate a first measurement matrix, and based on the first measurement matrix and the angle compressed sensing matrix, Estimate to obtain at least one receiving signal angle (angle of arrival, AOA) of the millimeter wave channel. Wherein, the first beamforming matrix includes a plurality of first beamforming vectors, the plurality of first beamforming vectors respectively correspond to a plurality of first beamforming modes, and the first measurement matrix includes a plurality of first beamforming vectors respectively corresponding to the plurality of A plurality of first measurement parameters of the first beamforming vector.
藉由上述結構,本案所揭示的毫米波通道估測方法,基於壓縮感知理論形成多個波束成形向量,據以產生關聯於毫米波通道的多個量測參數,再利用壓縮感知還原技術從所述多個量測參數、所述多個波束成形向量及多個角度參數取得毫米波通道的角度特性估測結果。本案所揭示的毫米波通道估測方法不需要執行迴授量測資訊的步驟,且可以藉由少量的量測次數即能估測通道的特性參數,達到快速的毫米波通道估測,進而提升後續訊號/資料傳遞的品質。With the above structure, the millimeter wave channel estimation method disclosed in this case forms multiple beamforming vectors based on the compressed sensing theory, and generates multiple measurement parameters related to the millimeter wave channel, and then uses the compressed sensing restoration technology to obtain The multiple measurement parameters, the multiple beamforming vectors, and the multiple angle parameters obtain the angle characteristic estimation result of the millimeter wave channel. The millimeter wave channel estimation method disclosed in this case does not need to perform the step of feedback measurement information, and can estimate the characteristic parameters of the channel with a small number of measurements, and achieve fast millimeter wave channel estimation, thereby improving The quality of subsequent signal/data transfer.
以上之關於本揭露內容之說明及以下之實施方式之說明係用以示範與解釋本發明之精神與原理,並且提供本發明之專利申請範圍更進一步之解釋。The above description of the disclosure and the following description of the implementation manners are used to demonstrate and explain the spirit and principle of the present invention, and to provide a further explanation of the patent application scope of the present invention.
以下在實施方式中詳細敘述本發明之詳細特徵以及優點,其內容足以使任何熟習相關技藝者了解本發明之技術內容並據以實施,且根據本說明書所揭露之內容、申請專利範圍及圖式,任何熟習相關技藝者可輕易地理解本發明相關之目的及優點。以下之實施例係進一步詳細說明本發明之觀點,但非以任何觀點限制本發明之範疇。The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the following embodiments. The content is sufficient to enable anyone familiar with the relevant art to understand the technical content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and according to the content disclosed in this specification, the scope of patent application and the drawings Anyone who is familiar with relevant skills can easily understand the purpose and advantages of the present invention. The following examples further illustrate the viewpoints of the present invention in detail, but do not limit the scope of the present invention by any viewpoint.
本發明所提供的毫米波通道估測方法適用於透過毫米波通道來進行無線訊號傳遞的通訊系統。請參考圖1,圖1為依據本發明一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法的流程圖。於步驟S11中,上述透過毫米波通道來進行無線訊號傳遞的通訊系統會形成第一波束成形矩陣,此第一波束成形矩陣包含多個第一波束成形向量,分別對應於多個第一波束成形模式。於此特別要說明的是,上述之形成第一波束成形矩陣的步驟S11為選擇性的步驟,亦即,於其他實施例中,通訊系統中可以預先存放第一波束成形矩陣,因此在執行毫米波通道估測方法時,可以僅執行下述之步驟S12及S13。The millimeter wave channel estimation method provided by the present invention is suitable for communication systems that perform wireless signal transmission through millimeter wave channels. Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a millimeter wave channel estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step S11, the communication system for wireless signal transmission through the millimeter wave channel forms a first beamforming matrix. The first beamforming matrix includes a plurality of first beamforming vectors corresponding to the plurality of first beamforming vectors. mode. It should be particularly noted here that the step S11 of forming the first beamforming matrix is an optional step. That is, in other embodiments, the first beamforming matrix may be pre-stored in the communication system. In the wave channel estimation method, only the following steps S12 and S13 can be performed.
於步驟S12中,通訊系統會依據步驟S11所形成的第一波束成形矩陣產生關聯於毫米波通道的第一量測矩陣,其中第一量測矩陣包含多個第一量測參數分別對應於第一波束成形矩陣中的多個第一波束成形向量。進一步來說,第一量測矩陣中的多個第一量測參數可以與第一波束成形矩陣中的多個第一波束成形向量有一對一的關係。於一實施例中,通訊系統依據第一波束成形矩陣產生關聯於毫米波通道的第一量測矩陣的方法,可以係依據第一波束成形矩陣經由毫米波通道發送訊號並對毫米波通道執行通道量測;於另一實施例中,則可以係依據第一波束成形矩陣以經由毫米波通道來接收訊號以產生第一量測矩陣。其中,運作此二實施例的架構將於後詳述。In step S12, the communication system generates a first measurement matrix associated with the millimeter wave channel according to the first beamforming matrix formed in step S11, wherein the first measurement matrix includes a plurality of first measurement parameters corresponding to the first A plurality of first beamforming vectors in a beamforming matrix. Furthermore, the plurality of first measurement parameters in the first measurement matrix may have a one-to-one relationship with the plurality of first beamforming vectors in the first beamforming matrix. In one embodiment, the communication system generates the first measurement matrix associated with the millimeter wave channel according to the first beamforming matrix, which may be based on the first beamforming matrix to send a signal through the millimeter wave channel and execute the channel on the millimeter wave channel Measurement; In another embodiment, it can be based on the first beamforming matrix to receive signals through the millimeter wave channel to generate the first measurement matrix. Among them, the architecture for operating these two embodiments will be detailed later.
於步驟S13中,通訊系統會依據第一量測矩陣與角度壓縮感知矩陣來估測以取得毫米波通道的角度特性估測結果。所述角度壓縮感知矩陣包含前述之第一波束成形矩陣以及角度矩陣,其中,角度矩陣包含多個角度參數,每個角度參數皆具有底數及指數,底數例如皆為數學常數(e),而指數則分別包含不同的角度值。舉例來說,角度參數可以係。In step S13, the communication system estimates according to the first measurement matrix and the angle compressed sensing matrix to obtain the angle characteristic estimation result of the millimeter wave channel. The angle compressed sensing matrix includes the aforementioned first beamforming matrix and an angle matrix. The angle matrix includes a plurality of angle parameters, and each angle parameter has a base and an exponent. The bases are, for example, a mathematical constant (e), and the exponent Each contains different angle values. For example, the angle parameter can be .
請參考圖2,以進一步說明圖1的步驟S11中的第一波束成形矩陣的形成步驟。圖2係依據本發明一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法中的第一波束成形矩陣的形成步驟的流程圖。於步驟S111中,通訊系統會建立基本壓縮感知矩陣。基本壓縮感知矩陣例如係Gabor框架(Gabor Frame),其為一個維度m*m2 的矩陣。特別來說,m可以為5以上的質數,也就是說Gabor框架的維度可以大於5*25。於一實施例中,Gabor框架可以由指數函數形成,其中指數函數的底數為數學常數(e),且其指數包含常數m,m關聯於後續估測步驟中執行量測的次數。舉例來說,基本壓縮感知矩陣可以透過以下數學式來呈現:Please refer to FIG. 2 to further illustrate the step of forming the first beamforming matrix in step S11 of FIG. 1. 2 is a flowchart of the steps of forming the first beamforming matrix in the millimeter wave channel estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step S111, the communication system establishes a basic compressed sensing matrix. The basic compressed sensing matrix is, for example, a Gabor frame (Gabor Frame), which is a matrix with a dimension of m*m 2 . In particular, m can be a prime number above 5, which means that the dimension of the Gabor framework can be greater than 5*25. In one embodiment, the Gabor framework may be formed by an exponential function, where the base of the exponential function is a mathematical constant (e), and the exponent includes a constant m, which is related to the number of times the measurement is performed in the subsequent estimation step. For example, the basic compressed sensing matrix It can be represented by the following mathematical formula:
,其中,,,=0, 1, …, m-1,亦即,可以為0、1、……、m-2 或 m-1;可以為0、1、……、m-2 或 m-1;且可以為0、1、……、m-2 或 m-1。 ,among them, , , =0, 1, …, m-1, that is, Can be 0, 1,..., m-2 or m-1; Can be 0, 1,..., m-2 or m-1; and It can be 0, 1,..., m-2 or m-1.
接著於步驟S113中,通訊系統對基本壓縮感知矩陣執行最小平方運算以取得第一最小平方矩陣。詳細來說,通訊系統會設計一預編碼矩陣,計算角度矩陣的共軛轉置矩陣與預編碼矩陣的矩陣積,再取得使基本壓縮感知矩陣的轉置矩陣與矩陣積之差具有最小平方和的預編碼矩陣的矩陣解,並以此矩陣解的轉置矩陣與角度矩陣的共軛轉置矩陣的矩陣積作為第一最小平方矩陣。步驟S113的計算過程可以透過下列數學式來示例性地呈現:Next, in step S113, the communication system performs a least square operation on the basic compressed sensing matrix to obtain the first least square matrix. In detail, the communication system will design a precoding matrix , Calculate the angle matrix Conjugate transpose matrix and precoding matrix The matrix product of, and then get the basic compressed sensing matrix The matrix solution of the precoding matrix whose difference between the transposed matrix and the matrix product has the least square sum , And solve this matrix Transpose matrix and angle matrix The matrix product of the conjugate transposed matrix as the first least square matrix . The calculation process of step S113 can be exemplified by the following mathematical formula:
;令。 ;make .
於步驟S115中,通訊系統對步驟S113取得的第一最小平方矩陣執行正規化運算以取得正規化矩陣,其中正規化運算的詳細運算內容為本發明所屬領域中具有通常知識者所能理解,於此不予贅述。於步驟S117中,通訊系統對正規化矩陣再次執行最小平方運算以取得第二最小平方矩陣,其中最小平方運算的詳細運算內容類似於前述步驟S113,於此不再贅述。於步驟S119中,通訊系統將第二最小平方矩陣與角度矩陣的逆矩陣相乘以取得所述第一波束成形矩陣。In step S115, the communication system performs a normalization operation on the first least square matrix obtained in step S113 to obtain a normalization matrix. The detailed operation content of the normalization operation is understood by those with ordinary knowledge in the field of the present invention. This will not be repeated. In step S117, the communication system performs the least square operation on the normalized matrix again to obtain the second least square matrix. The detailed operation content of the least square operation is similar to the foregoing step S113, and will not be repeated here. In step S119, the communication system multiplies the second least square matrix and the inverse matrix of the angle matrix to obtain the first beamforming matrix.
如前所述,本發明所提供的毫米波通道估測方法適用於透過毫米波通道來進行無線訊號傳遞的通訊系統。進一步來說,請參考圖1、圖3及圖4以說明所述通訊系統的一實施例及其細部的毫米波通道估測方法。其中,圖3係依據本發明一實施例所繪示的通訊系統的功能方塊圖;圖4係依據一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法中的量測矩陣的產生步驟的流程圖。As mentioned above, the millimeter wave channel estimation method provided by the present invention is suitable for communication systems that transmit wireless signals through millimeter wave channels. Furthermore, please refer to FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 to illustrate an embodiment of the communication system and its detailed millimeter wave channel estimation method. Among them, FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the steps of generating a measurement matrix in a millimeter wave channel estimation method according to an embodiment. .
如圖3所示,通訊系統1包含基地台10及使用者端20,兩者透過毫米波通道30來進行無線訊號的傳遞。基地台10包含基帶電路101、射頻鏈路103以及多個訊號收發器105,其中每個訊號收發器105包含相位調變電路1051、阻抗調變電路1053及天線1055。基地台10亦可以包含訊號產生器及預編碼器(例如電腦),或是外接於通訊系統1中的訊號產生器以及預編碼器。使用者端20可以透過毫米波通道30接收來自基地台10的無線訊號以執行資料下載,亦可透過毫米波通道30將無線訊號傳送至基地台10以執行資料上傳。舉例來說,使用者端20可以係手機、筆記型電腦或其他具有無線訊號收發器的使用者裝置,本發明不予限制。As shown in FIG. 3, the
於一實施例中,通訊系統1可以藉由基地台10發射無線訊號且由使用者端20接收的方式來執行毫米波通道30的估測,包含前述圖1中的步驟S12及S13,或是步驟S11~S13。於步驟S11中,通訊系統1可以藉由基地台10的預編碼器形成包含多個第一波束成形向量的波束成形矩陣,而詳細的形成步驟如前列實施例所描述,於此不再贅述。In one embodiment, the
於步驟S12中,通訊系統1依據第一波束成形矩陣以產生第一量測矩陣。進一步來說,通訊系統1藉由基地台10依據步驟S11所形成的多個第一波束成形向量的其中之一來產生波束並將其發射。舉例來說,基地台10可以依據第一波束成形向量產生具有對應於所述第一波束成形向量的第一波束成形模式之輻射場的波束。詳細來說,每個第一波束成形向量包含各天線1055的相位調變值與阻抗調變值,基地台10可以依據第一波束成形向量來控制各訊號收發器105的相位調變電路1051以及阻抗調變電路1053,藉此調整各天線1055所發射出的電磁波(無線訊號)的相位及振幅,各天線1055發出的電磁波共同形成具有所依據之第一波束成形向量對應的第一波束成形模式之輻射場型。接著,通訊系統1會藉由使用者端20接收此波束並產生第一量測參數。此第一量測參數對應於上述用於產生波束的第一波束成形向量,且作為第一量測矩陣中的參數之一。In step S12, the
於此實施例中,無線訊號傳送端為基地台10而無線訊號接收端為使用者端20,且圖1的步驟S12可以包含圖4所示的步驟S121、S123、S125、S127及S129。於步驟S121中,基地台10依據步驟S11所形成波束成形矩陣(即第一波束成形矩陣)中的一個波束成形向量(例如第一個)來產生並發射波束。於步驟S123中,使用者端20接收來自基地台10且通過毫米波通道30的波束,據以產生對應的量測參數。於步驟S125中,基地台10判斷前次使用的波束成形向量是否為波束成形矩陣中的最後一個。若判斷結果為否,則如步驟S127所示,基地台10會依據波束成形矩陣中的下一個波束成形向量來產生並發射波束,再由使用者端20進行步驟S123;若判斷結果為是,則如步驟S129所示,使用者端20會將產生的量測參數整合為量測矩陣。因此,舉例來說,若波束成形矩陣具有m個波束成形向量,經上述步驟後,無線訊號接收端則可對應產生m個量測參數以形成m*1的量測矩陣(即第一量測矩陣)。In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmitting end is the
簡而言之,通訊系統1可以藉由基地台10依據多個波束成形向量多次地產生波束,並由使用者端20多次地接收波束以分別產生多個量測參數,並將這些量測參數整合為量測矩陣。圖4的實施例示例性地描述基地台10依序地依據波束成形矩陣中的波束成形向量來產生波束,然而本發明並不限制基地台使用波束成形向量的順序等同於矩陣中的排列順序。In short, the
於步驟S13中,使用者端20會依據第一量測矩陣與角度壓縮感知矩陣,估測以取得毫米波通道30的角度特性估測結果。於此實施例中,角度特性估測結果包含至少一傳送訊號角度(angle of departure,AOD)。詳細來說,使用者端20存有壓縮感知還原演算法,其例如包含下列數學式:In step S13, the
。 .
其中,為量測矩陣;為角度壓縮感知矩陣;則為欲求之角度特性估測結果。如前列圖2的第一波束成形矩陣的形成步驟S119所述,第一波束成形矩陣係由角度壓縮感知矩陣(第二最小平方矩陣)與角度矩陣的逆矩陣相乘而得到。換句話說,本案所提之毫米波通道估測方法會將角度壓縮感知矩陣拆解為第一波束成形矩陣以及角度矩陣,如下數學式所示:among them, Is the measurement matrix; Is the angle compressed sensing matrix; It is the estimated result of the angle characteristic of desire. As described in step S119 of forming the first beamforming matrix in FIG. 2 above, the first beamforming matrix is obtained by multiplying the angle compressed sensing matrix (the second least square matrix) and the inverse matrix of the angle matrix. In other words, the millimeter wave channel estimation method proposed in this case will disassemble the angle compressed sensing matrix into the first beamforming matrix and the angle matrix, as shown in the following mathematical formula:
。 .
透過上述還原演算法,便可藉由前行步驟S11所生成的第一波束成形矩陣、步驟S12所測得的第一量測矩陣,以及已知的角度矩陣來計算出角度特性估測結果。角度特性估測結果包含多個角度估測參數,這些角度估測參數與角度矩陣中的角度參數有一對一的關係,且角度估測參數可以表示在對應的角度參數所代表的角度上是否有接收到無線訊號(波束)或是所接收到無線訊號的強度是否大於一閾值。舉例來說,當訊號接收端在一特定角度上接收到通過毫米波通道的無線訊號強度不大於一閾值時,所述特定角度所對應的角度估測參數為零;而當訊號接收端在一特定角度上接收到通過毫米波通道的無線訊號強度大於一閾值時,所述特定角度所對應的角度估測參數不為零。Through the above restoration algorithm, the angle characteristic estimation result can be calculated from the first beamforming matrix generated in step S11, the first measurement matrix measured in step S12, and the known angle matrix. The angle characteristic estimation result includes multiple angle estimation parameters. These angle estimation parameters have a one-to-one relationship with the angle parameters in the angle matrix, and the angle estimation parameters can indicate whether there is a corresponding angle parameter. Whether the received wireless signal (beam) or the intensity of the received wireless signal is greater than a threshold. For example, when the signal receiving end receives the wireless signal intensity through the millimeter wave channel at a specific angle not greater than a threshold, the angle estimation parameter corresponding to the specific angle is zero; and when the signal receiving end is at one When the intensity of the wireless signal received through the millimeter wave channel at a specific angle is greater than a threshold, the angle estimation parameter corresponding to the specific angle is not zero.
相較於習知的竭盡搜尋法,本案所提出的毫米波通道估測方法的量測次數係由波束成形矩陣的參數設計所決定,因此不會隨著解析度的提高而增加,可以避免因高解析度的需求而產生大量的量測資料及運算時間,進而快速地完成毫米波通道的估測。Compared with the conventional exhaustive search method, the measurement frequency of the millimeter wave channel estimation method proposed in this case is determined by the parameter design of the beamforming matrix, so it will not increase with the increase in resolution, which can avoid The demand for high-resolution results in a large amount of measurement data and computing time, which can quickly complete the millimeter wave channel estimation.
於另一實施例中,通訊系統1可以藉由使用者端20發射無線訊號且由基地台10接收的方式來執行毫米波通道30的估測,包含前述圖1中的步驟S12及S13或是步驟S11~S13。於步驟S11中,通訊系統1藉由基地台10形成包含多個第一波束成形向量的第一波束成形矩陣,而詳細的形成步驟如前列實施例所描述,於此不再贅述。In another embodiment, the
於步驟S12中,通訊系統1依據第一波束成形矩陣以產生第一量測矩陣。進一步來說,通訊系統1藉由使用者端20發送訊號,再由基地台10透過步驟S11所形成的多個第一波束成形向量的其中之一來接收訊號,以產生對應的第一量測參數,此第一量測參數作為第一量測矩陣中的參數之一。於此實施例中,基地台10可以分別透過多個第一波束成形向量來多次地接收訊號,以產生分別對應於這些第一波束成形向量的多個第一量測參數。舉例來說,基地台10可以依序地依據第一波束成形矩陣中的第一波束成形向量來接收訊號,類似於前列圖4所示之流程,但不以此為限。基地台10可以將所產生的第一量測參數整合為第一量測矩陣。In step S12, the
於步驟S13中,基地台10可以依據第一量測矩陣與角度壓縮感知矩陣、第一波束成形矩陣以及角度矩陣,取得毫米波通道30的角度特性估測結果。其中,角度特性估測結果包含至少一接收訊號角度(angle of arrival,AOA),基地台10存有壓縮感知還原演算法,此演算法所包含的數學式以及運算的詳細過程類似於前一實施例所描述,因此不再贅述。於此實施例中,基地台10同時具有形成波束成形向量以及計算角度特性的功能。In step S13, the
於又一實施例中,通訊系統1的基地台10與使用者端20皆存有壓縮感知還原演算法。透過類似於上述二實施例的毫米波通道估測方法,無論是在使用者端20執行上傳或下載時,通訊系統1皆可進行毫米波通道的估測。In another embodiment, both the
請一併參考圖3、圖5及圖6,其中,圖5係依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法的流程圖,而圖6係依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法中的形成第二波束成形矩陣的步驟的流程圖。圖5所示的毫米波通道估測方法亦適用於圖3所示的通訊系統1,因此,以下將示例性地說明通訊系統1執行圖5之毫米波通道估測方法的實施內容。於步驟S21~S23中,通訊系統1藉由基地台10形成第一波束成形矩陣,依據第一波束成形矩陣以產生關聯於毫米波通道30的第一量測矩陣,並依據第一量測矩陣與角度壓縮感知矩陣來估測以取得毫米波通道30的角度特性估測結果,上述步驟類似於前述圖1的實施例中的步驟S11~S13,各步驟的詳細實施方式如前列各實施例所描述,因此不再予以贅述。Please refer to FIG. 3, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, where FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a millimeter wave channel estimation method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is according to another embodiment of the present invention The flowchart of the step of forming the second beamforming matrix in the millimeter wave channel estimation method is shown. The millimeter wave channel estimation method shown in FIG. 5 is also applicable to the
於圖5所示的實施例中,通訊系統1在取得毫米波通道30的角度特性估測結果後,會再進一步以第二波束成形矩陣來執行毫米波通道30的估測。於步驟S24中,通訊系統1會藉由基地台10形成第二波束成形矩陣,其中第二波束成形矩陣包含多個第二波束成形向量。進一步來說,圖6繪示了形成第二波束成形矩陣的一實施方式。於步驟S241中,基地台10會建立基本壓縮感知矩陣,例如係Gabor框架。於步驟S243中,基地台10對壓縮感之矩陣執行最小平方運算以取得最小平方矩陣。上述步驟S241及S243同於前列圖2的實施例中的步驟S111及S113,詳細的內容於此不再贅述。接著,於步驟S245中,基地台10將最小平方矩陣與角度矩陣的逆矩陣相乘以取得第二波束成形矩陣。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, after obtaining the angular characteristic estimation result of the
於此特別要說明的是,圖5係示例性地將形成第二波束成形矩陣的步驟S24繪示於取得角度特性估測結果的步驟S23之後,然而於其他實施例中,步驟S24亦可執行於前列步驟S21~S23的任意一者之前或之後,本發明不予限制。另,如前所述,形成第二波束成形矩陣的步驟S241及S243與形成第一波束成形矩陣的步驟S111及S113相同,因此,於一實施例中,基地台10在執行步驟S21以形成第一波束成形矩陣的過程中可一併形成第二波束成形矩陣。此外,前述之步驟S21及步驟S24皆為選擇性之步驟,於其他實施例中,通訊系統1中可以預先存放第一及第二波束成形矩陣,因此在執行毫米波通道估測方法時,可以僅執行前述之步驟S22、S23以及後述之步驟S25、S26。In particular, it should be noted that FIG. 5 exemplarily shows the step S24 of forming the second beamforming matrix after the step S23 of obtaining the angle characteristic estimation result. However, in other embodiments, the step S24 may also be executed. Before or after any one of the preceding steps S21 to S23, the present invention is not limited. In addition, as mentioned above, the steps S241 and S243 of forming the second beamforming matrix are the same as the steps S111 and S113 of forming the first beamforming matrix. Therefore, in one embodiment, the
在取得第二波束成形矩陣之後,通訊系統1可以藉由此波束成形矩陣來估測毫米波通道30的其他特性參數,如圖5的步驟S25~S26所示。於步驟S25中,通訊系統1依據第二波束成形矩陣以產生關聯於毫米波通道30的第二量測矩陣,其中第二量測矩陣包含多個第二量測參數分別對應於所述多個第二波束成形向量。進一步來說,第二量測矩陣中的第二量測參數與第二波束成形矩陣中的第二波束成形向量之間可以有一對一的關係。步驟S25的詳細實施方式類似於前述依據第一波束成形矩陣以產生量測矩陣的實施方式,於此不再贅述。After obtaining the second beamforming matrix, the
於步驟S26中,通訊系統1會依據第二量測矩陣增益壓縮感知矩陣以及步驟S23所得的角度特性估測結果,以取得毫米波通道30的增益特性估測結果。其中,所述增益壓縮感知矩陣包含第二波束成形矩陣以及角度矩陣。進一步來說,通訊系統1可以藉由前述實施例所提及之壓縮感知還原演算法來取得增益特性估測結果,也就是依據角度特性估測結果,取得對應於角度特性估測結果的增益。In step S26, the
於依據第二波束成形矩陣發送訊號並執行通道量測的實施例中,通訊系統1所取得的增益特性估測結果包含至少一傳送訊號增益,此至少一傳送訊號增益對應於第一階段估測(步驟S21~S23)所取得的至少一傳送訊號角度;而於依據第二波束成形矩陣來接收訊號並執行通道量測的實施例中,通訊系統1所取得的增益特性估測結果包含至少一接收訊號增益,此至少一接收訊號增益對應於第一階段估測所取得的至少一接收訊號角度。經上述步驟S21~S26的執行,通訊系統1便可以透過兩階段的估測方式分別取得毫米波通道30的傳送訊號角度或接收訊號角度的估測值以及所述角度對應之增益的估測值,達到精準的毫米波通道估測。In the embodiment in which the signal is sent according to the second beamforming matrix and the channel measurement is performed, the gain characteristic estimation result obtained by the
藉由上述結構,本案所揭示的毫米波通道估測方法,基於壓縮感知理論形成多個波束成形向量,據以產生關聯於毫米波通道的多個量測參數,再利用壓縮感知還原技術從所述多個量測參數、所述多個波束成形向量及多個角度參數取得毫米波通道的角度特性估測結果。本案所揭示的毫米波通道估測方法不需要執行迴授量測資訊的步驟,且可以藉由少量的量測次數即能估測通道的特性參數,達到快速的毫米波通道估測,進而提升後續訊號/資料傳遞的品質。進一步地,相較於單階段取得所有參數的估測方式,透過兩階段的估測以分別取得毫米波通道的角度特性參數及增益特性參數,可以取得較為精準的估測結果。With the above structure, the millimeter wave channel estimation method disclosed in this case forms multiple beamforming vectors based on the compressed sensing theory, and generates multiple measurement parameters related to the millimeter wave channel, and then uses the compressed sensing restoration technology to obtain The multiple measurement parameters, the multiple beamforming vectors, and the multiple angle parameters obtain the angle characteristic estimation result of the millimeter wave channel. The millimeter wave channel estimation method disclosed in this case does not need to perform the step of feedback measurement information, and can estimate the characteristic parameters of the channel with a small number of measurements, and achieve fast millimeter wave channel estimation, thereby improving The quality of subsequent signal/data transfer. Further, compared with the estimation method of obtaining all parameters in a single stage, the angle characteristic parameters and gain characteristic parameters of the millimeter wave channel can be obtained through the two-stage estimation to obtain more accurate estimation results.
雖然本發明以前述之實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明。在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,所為之更動與潤飾,均屬本發明之專利保護範圍。關於本發明所界定之保護範圍請參考所附之申請專利範圍。Although the present invention is disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. All changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention fall within the scope of patent protection of the present invention. For the scope of protection defined by the present invention, please refer to the attached patent scope.
1:通訊系統10:基地台101:基帶電路103:射頻鏈路105:訊號收發器1051:相位調變電路1053:阻抗調變電路1055:天線20:使用者端30:毫米波通道S11~S13、S111~S119、S121~S129:步驟S21~S26、S241~S245:步驟1: Communication system 10: Base station 101: Baseband circuit 103: RF link 105: Signal transceiver 1051: Phase modulation circuit 1053: Impedance modulation circuit 1055: Antenna 20: User end 30: Millimeter wave channel S11 ~S13, S111~S119, S121~S129: Steps S21~S26, S241~S245: Steps
圖1係依據本發明一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法的流程圖。 圖2係依據本發明一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法中的第一波束成形矩陣的形成步驟的流程圖。 圖3係依據本發明一實施例所繪示的通訊系統的功能方塊圖。 圖4係依據一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法中的量測矩陣的產生步驟的流程圖 圖5係依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法的流程圖。 圖6係依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的毫米波通道估測方法中的第二波束成形矩陣的形成步驟的流程圖。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a millimeter wave channel estimation method according to an embodiment of the invention. 2 is a flowchart of the steps of forming the first beamforming matrix in the millimeter wave channel estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the invention. 4 is a flowchart of the steps of generating a measurement matrix in a millimeter wave channel estimation method according to an embodiment; FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a millimeter wave channel estimation method according to another embodiment of the present invention Figure. 6 is a flowchart of the steps of forming the second beamforming matrix in the millimeter wave channel estimation method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
S11~S13:步驟 S11~S13: steps
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