TW202018179A - Monitoring system for a tower of a wind turbine - Google Patents
Monitoring system for a tower of a wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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- TW202018179A TW202018179A TW107139580A TW107139580A TW202018179A TW 202018179 A TW202018179 A TW 202018179A TW 107139580 A TW107139580 A TW 107139580A TW 107139580 A TW107139580 A TW 107139580A TW 202018179 A TW202018179 A TW 202018179A
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Abstract
Description
本發明是有關於一種監測系統,特別是指一種風力發電機之塔架監測系統。The invention relates to a monitoring system, in particular to a tower monitoring system of a wind turbine.
風力發電機通常設置在沿海甚至離岸區域,此些地區環境較為惡劣,或可能有地質不佳的情形,容易對風力發電機塔架造成影響。Wind power generators are usually installed in coastal or even offshore areas. The environment in these areas is relatively harsh, or there may be poor geological conditions, which can easily affect the wind turbine tower.
有鑑於此,本發明提出一種風力發電機之塔架監測系統,包含:複數應力感應裝置、資料儲存裝置及資料分析裝置。應力感應裝置分別設置於該風力發電機之該塔架上的不同高度,各該應力感應裝置包含複數第一應變規,環繞分置於該塔架側壁,以收集應變數據。資料儲存裝置用於儲存該應變數據。資料分析裝置依據該應變數據分析該塔架上不同高度位置的應力分布,以警示塔架的一應力集中處。In view of this, the present invention provides a tower monitoring system for a wind turbine, which includes: a plurality of stress sensing devices, a data storage device, and a data analysis device. The stress sensing devices are respectively disposed at different heights on the tower of the wind turbine, and each of the stress sensing devices includes a plurality of first strain gauges, which are placed around the side walls of the tower to collect strain data. The data storage device is used to store the strain data. The data analysis device analyzes the stress distribution at different height positions on the tower based on the strain data to warn a stress concentration point of the tower.
在一些實施例中,各該應力感應裝置所包含的該些第一應變規的數量為四個,分置於該塔架的四個方位。In some embodiments, the number of the first strain gauges included in each of the stress sensing devices is four, which are divided into four orientations of the tower.
在一些實施例中,該些應力感應裝置分別設置於該塔架的上部、中部及下部位置。In some embodiments, the stress sensing devices are respectively disposed at the upper, middle, and lower positions of the tower.
在一些實施例中,塔架監測系統更包含一扭矩感應裝置,設置於該塔架的頂部,以收集扭轉應變數據,該資料儲存裝置還儲存該扭轉應變數據。In some embodiments, the tower monitoring system further includes a torque sensing device disposed on the top of the tower to collect torsional strain data, and the data storage device also stores the torsional strain data.
在一些實施例中,該扭矩感應裝置包含二個第二應變規。In some embodiments, the torque sensing device includes two second strain gauges.
在一些實施例中,該資料分析裝置還根據該塔架受風的風速資料計算該塔架的承受負載,以推估該塔架的剩餘壽命。In some embodiments, the data analysis device also calculates the bearing load of the tower based on the wind speed data of the tower to estimate the remaining life of the tower.
在一些實施例中,該資料分析裝置是將該風速資料與對應當時的應變數據的套入馬可夫矩陣,以獲得各風速對應的承受負載。In some embodiments, the data analysis device sets the wind speed data and the strain data corresponding to the current time into a Markov matrix to obtain the corresponding load for each wind speed.
在一些實施例中,該資料分析裝置還根據該風速資料,透過瑞利分布推算未來風速變化與次數,據以預測未來歷年的承受負載。In some embodiments, the data analysis device also estimates future changes and times of wind speed through the Rayleigh distribution based on the wind speed data, so as to predict future load bearing in the future.
綜上所述,本發明實施例所提出的風力發電機之塔架監測系統可即時的監測塔架的狀況,分析塔架的應力集中處。此外,還可預測塔架的剩餘壽命,可提供營運維護方式的參考,例如:在足夠剩餘壽命下替換葉片或發電機的零件,在不足夠剩餘壽命下,則可將整組風力發電機撤換。In summary, the tower monitoring system of the wind turbine proposed in the embodiment of the present invention can immediately monitor the status of the tower and analyze the stress concentration of the tower. In addition, the remaining life of the tower can be predicted, which can provide a reference for the operation and maintenance methods. For example, if the blade or generator parts are replaced when the remaining life is sufficient, the entire group of wind turbines can be replaced if the remaining life is not enough. .
參照圖1,係為本發明一實施例之應用於風力發電機100之塔架監測系統200之示意圖。風力發電機100包含塔架110、葉片120及發電機130。發電機130裝設於塔架110上,並連接葉片120,以透過葉片120轉動而帶動發電機130發電。塔架監測系統200包含複數應力感應裝置210、資料儲存裝置220及資料分析裝置230。1 is a schematic diagram of a
應力感應裝置210分別設置於塔架110上的不同高度,以獲取塔架110的不同高度的應變數據。在此,應力感應裝置210是設置在塔架110的上部、中部及下部位置。然而,在一些實施例中,可在塔架110的另一些位置設置更多個應力感應裝置210,以獲取更精確位置的應變數據。參照圖2,係為本發明一實施例之應力感應裝置210的配置示意圖。在此,是例示性的以塔架110的剖視圖呈現位於中部的應力感應裝置210的配置。各應力感應裝置210包含複數應變規(於此稱「第一應變規211」)。第一應變規211環繞分置於塔架110的側壁,以收集不同方位的應變數據。在此,第一應變規211的數量為四個,分置於塔架110的四個方位(如前後左右)。藉此,可透過應變數據,利用公式1,得知塔架受到的應力。再根據應力,透過公式2求得正向彎矩(如箭頭a1所示)與側向彎矩(如箭頭a2所示)等雙軸方向上的力矩。由於在一軸向上使用兩個第一應變規211,可交互參照此二第一應變規211的應變數據,以減少誤判。The
ε•E=δ……………公式1ε•E=δ………………Formula 1
其中,ε為應變,E為楊式係數,δ為應力。Among them, ε is strain, E is Young's coefficient, and δ is stress.
M= (δ•I)/c…………公式2M = (δ•I)/c…………Equation 2
其中,M為彎矩,δ為應力,I為慣性矩,c為塔架內半徑。Among them, M is the bending moment, δ is the stress, I is the moment of inertia, and c is the inner radius of the tower.
在一些實施例中,各應力感應裝置210可包含其他數量的第一應變規211。或者,不同位置的應力感應裝置210可包含不同數量的第一應變規211。例如,由於靠近上方的位置受到力矩較小,鄰近塔架110上方的應力感應裝置210可包含較少的第一應變規211。In some embodiments, each
資料儲存裝置220為非暫態儲存媒體,例如硬碟、光碟、非揮發式記憶體等或包含此非暫態儲存媒體的電子裝置,以儲存應變數據。The
資料分析裝置230係為可執行電腦程式碼的運算單元,如處理器、嵌入式控制器、可程式邏輯裝置(PLD)等,或具有上述運算單元的計算裝置(如電腦)。依據應變數據分析塔架110上不同高度位置的應力分布,以警示塔架110的至少一應力集中處,以讓管理人員可優先查看該應力集中處是否有受損,以進行修補。舉例來說,假設塔架110有一處破損(如圖2所示之打叉位置),最靠近該位置的第一應變規211a將量測到較大的應變數據,第一應變規211b則次之,因此可以透過應變數據得知受損的部位所在的橫向位置。相似的,如圖1所示,受損部位(打叉位置)若較靠近上方的應力感應裝置210,其同樣會量測到較大的應變數據,中間的應力感應裝置210則次之,如此依據縱向與前述的橫向考量則可精確的得知受損位置。The
如圖3所示,係為本發明另一實施例之應用於風力發電機100之塔架監測系統200之示意圖。塔架監測系統200還可包含一扭矩感應裝置240,設置於塔架110的頂部,以收集扭轉應變數據。此扭轉應變數據同樣會儲存在資料儲存裝置220。在此,扭矩感應裝置240包含二個應變規(於此稱「第二應變規」)。此二第二應變規對向設置,可交互參照此二第二應變規的應變數據,以減少誤判。透過應變數據,利用公式3,可得知塔架的剪應變,再透過公式4,求得扭矩(如箭頭a3所示)。As shown in FIG. 3, it is a schematic diagram of a
τ=2Gε……………公式3τ=2Gε…………Equation 3
其中,τ為剪應力,G為剪力模數,ε為應變。Where τ is the shear stress, G is the shear modulus, and ε is the strain.
T=(τ•J)/r ……………公式4T=(τ•J)/r ………Equation 4
其中,T為扭矩,τ為剪應力,J為慣性矩,r為塔架內半徑。Among them, T is the torque, τ is the shear stress, J is the moment of inertia, and r is the inner radius of the tower.
在一些實施例中,資料儲存裝置220與資料分析裝置230可整合為一計算裝置,並設置在風力發電機100。In some embodiments, the
在一些實施例中,資料儲存裝置220與資料分析裝置230分離設置。資料儲存裝置220設置於風力發電機100。資料分析裝置230設置於另一處。資料儲存裝置220可經由網路或其他方式將應變數據傳送至資料分析裝置230。In some embodiments, the
在一些實施例中,管理人員可將資料儲存裝置220(如記憶卡、硬碟)自風力發電機100帶離,以將資料儲存裝置220連接至資料分析裝置230,使得資料分析裝置230可取得應變數據。In some embodiments, the administrator can take the data storage device 220 (such as a memory card or hard disk) away from the
在一些實施例中,資料分析裝置230還根據塔架110受風的風速資料計算塔架110的承受負載,以推估塔架110的剩餘壽命。舉例來說,當收集一段時間(如一年或數年)的應變數據之後,可配合過往該段時間的風速資料,套入馬可夫矩陣,以獲得各風速對應的應力。於是,可根據該風速資料,透過瑞利分布推算未來風速變化與次數。並且將所預測的各個風速發生頻率(次數)乘上對應的應力後予以累加,而可預測未來歷年的承受負載(應力累積)。據此,可預測塔架110將於哪一年承受超出負荷的負載,而可推估塔架110的剩餘壽命。In some embodiments, the
綜上所述,本發明實施例所提出的風力發電機100之塔架監測系統200可即時的監測塔架110的狀況,分析塔架110的應力集中處。此外,還可預測塔架110的剩餘壽命,可提供營運維護方式的參考,例如:在足夠剩餘壽命下替換葉片120或發電機130的零件,在不足夠剩餘壽命下,則可將整組風力發電機100撤換。In summary, the
100:風力發電機
110:塔架
120:葉片
130:發電機
200:塔架監測系統
210:應力感應裝置
211、211a、211b:第一應變規
220:資料儲存裝置
230:資料分析裝置
240:扭矩感應裝置
a1:箭頭
a2:箭頭
a3:箭頭
100: wind turbine
110: Tower
120: blade
130: generator
200: tower monitoring system
210:
[圖1] 係為本發明一實施例之應用於風力發電機之塔架監測系統之示意圖。 [圖2]係為本發明一實施例之應力感應裝置的配置示意圖。 [圖3]係為本發明另一實施例之應用於風力發電機之塔架監測系統之示意圖。[Figure 1] It is a schematic diagram of a tower monitoring system applied to a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a stress sensing device according to an embodiment of the invention. [FIG. 3] It is a schematic diagram of a tower monitoring system applied to a wind turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
100:風力發電機 100: wind turbine
110:塔架 110: Tower
120:葉片 120: blade
130:發電機 130: generator
200:塔架監測系統 200: tower monitoring system
210:應力感應裝置 210: Stress induction device
220:資料儲存裝置 220: data storage device
230:資料分析裝置 230: data analysis device
a1:箭頭 a1: arrow
a2:箭頭 a2: arrow
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